AD AD7476SRT-REEL7 1 msps, 12-/10-/8-bit adcs in 6-lead sot-23 Datasheet

1 MSPS, 12-/10-/8-Bit ADCs
in 6-Lead SOT-23
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478*
FEATURES
Fast Throughput Rate: 1 MSPS
Specified for VDD of 2.35 V to 5.25 V
Low Power:
3.6 mW Typ at 1 MSPS with 3 V Supplies
15 mW Typ at 1 MSPS with 5 V Supplies
Wide Input Bandwidth:
70 dB SNR at 100 kHz Input Frequency
Flexible Power/Serial Clock Speed Management
No Pipeline Delays
High Speed Serial Interface
SPI®/QSPI™/MICROWIRE™/DSP Compatible
Standby Mode: 1 ␮A Max
6-Lead SOT-23 Package
APPLICATIONS
Battery-Powered Systems
Personal Digital Assistants
Medical Instruments
Mobile Communications
Instrumentation and Control Systems
Data Acquisition Systems
High Speed Modems
Optical Sensors
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 are, respectively, 12-bit, 10-bit,
and 8-bit, high speed, low power, successive-approximation
ADCs. The parts operate from a single 2.35 V to 5.25 V power
supply and feature throughput rates up to 1 MSPS. The parts
contain a low noise, wide bandwidth track-and-hold amplifier
that can handle input frequencies in excess of 6 MHz.
The conversion process and data acquisition are controlled
using CS and the serial clock, allowing the devices to interface
with microprocessors or DSPs. The input signal is sampled on
the falling edge of CS and the conversion is also initiated at this
point. There are no pipeline delays associated with the part.
The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 use advanced design techniques
to achieve very low power dissipation at high throughput rates.
The reference for the part is taken internally from VDD. This
allows the widest dynamic input range to the ADC. Thus the
analog input range for the part is 0 V to VDD. The conversion
rate is determined by the SCLK.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
VDD
VIN
T/H
8-/10-/12-BIT
SUCCESSIVEAPPROXIMATION
ADC
SCLK
CONTROL
LOGIC
SDATA
CS
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
GND
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. First 12-/10-/8-Bit ADCs in a SOT-23 Package.
2. High Throughput with Low Power Consumption.
3. Flexible Power/Serial Clock Speed Management.
The conversion rate is determined by the serial clock, allowing
the conversion time to be reduced through the serial clock
speed increase. This allows the average power consumption
to be reduced while not converting. The part also features a
shutdown mode to maximize power efficiency at lower
throughput rates. Current consumption is 1 µA maximum
when in shutdown.
4. Reference Derived from the Power Supply.
5. No Pipeline Delay.
The parts feature a standard successive-approximation ADC
with accurate control of the sampling instant via a CS input
and once-off conversion control.
*Protected by U.S.Patent No. 6,681,332.
REV. D
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
© 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
(A Version: VDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V, fSCLK = 20 MHz, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS, unless otherwise
1noted; S and B Versions: VDD = 2.35 V to 5.25 V, fSCLK = 12 MHz, fSAMPLE = 600 kSPS,
AD7476–SPECIFICATIONS unless otherwise noted; T = T
A
Parameter
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) (SINAD)3
A Version1, 2
69
70
B Version1, 2
70
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)3
70
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)3
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)3
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)3
Second-Order Terms
Third-Order Terms
Aperture Delay
Aperture Jitter
Full Power Bandwidth
–80
–82
71.5
71
72.5
–78
–80
–78
–78
10
30
6.5
–78
–78
10
30
6.5
S Version1, 2
69
70
MIN
to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
Unit
–78
–80
dB min
dB min
dB typ
dB min
dB typ
dB typ
dB typ
–78
–78
10
30
6.5
dB typ
dB typ
ns typ
ps typ
MHz typ
70
Differential Nonlinearity3
Offset Error3
Gain Error3
12
LOGIC INPUTS
Input High Voltage, VINH
Input Low Voltage, VINL
Input Current, IIN, SCLK Pin
Input Current, IIN, CS Pin
Input Capacitance, CIN5
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, VOH
Output Low Voltage, VOL
Floating-State Leakage Current
Floating-State Output Capacitance5
Output Coding
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time
Throughput Rate
POWER REQUIREMENTS
VDD
IDD
Normal Mode (Static)
Normal Mode (Operational)
Full Power-Down Mode
Power Dissipation7
Normal Mode (Operational)
Full Power-Down
B Version, VDD = 2.4 V to 5.25 V
fa = 103.5 kHz, fb = 113.5 kHz
fa = 103.5 kHz, fb = 113.5 kHz
@ 3 dB
12
± 1.5
± 0.6
–0.9/+1.5
± 0.75
± 1.5
12
± 1.5
± 0.6
–0.9/+1.5
± 0.75
±2
± 1.5
±2
0 to VDD
±1
30
0 to VDD
±1
30
0 to VDD
±1
30
V
µA max
pF typ
2.4
1.8
0.4
0.8
±1
±1
10
2.4
1.8
0.4
0.8
±1
±1
10
2.4
1.8
0.4
0.8
±1
±1
10
V min
V min
V max
V max
µA max
µA typ
pF max
VDD – 0.2
VDD – 0.2
0.4
0.4
± 10
± 10
10
10
Straight (Natural) Binary
VDD – 0.2
0.4
± 10
10
V min
V max
µA max
pF max
ISOURCE = 200 µA; VDD = 2.35 V to 5.25 V
ISINK = 200 µA
0.8
500
350
1000
1.33
500
400
600
1.33
500
400
600
µs max
ns max
ns max
kSPS max
16 SCLK Cycles
Full-Scale Step Input
Sine Wave Input ≤100 kHz
See Serial Interface Section
2.35/5.25
2.35/5.25
2.35/5.25
V min/max
2
1
3.5
1.6
1
80
2
1
3
1.4
1
80
2
1
3
1.4
1
80
mA typ
mA typ
mA max
mA max
µA max
µA max
Digital I/Ps = 0 V or VDD
VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V. SCLK On or Off
VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V. SCLK On or Off
VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V; fSAMPLE = fSAMPLEMAX6
VDD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V; fSAMPLE = fSAMPLEMAX6
SCLK Off
SCLK On
17.5
4.8
5
3
15
4.2
5
3
15
4.2
5
3
mW max
mW max
µW max
µW max
VDD = 5 V; fSAMPLE = fSAMPLEMAX6
VDD = 3 V; fSAMPLE = fSAMPLEMAX6
VDD = 5 V; SCLK Off
VDD = 3 V; SCLK Off
±1
± 0.75
± 0.5
± 0.5
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Ranges
DC Leakage Current
Input Capacitance
fIN = 100 kHz Sine Wave
B Version, VDD = 2.4 V to 5.25 V
TA = 25°C
S, B Versions, VDD = (2.35 V to 3.6 V)4;
A Version, VDD = (2.7 V to 3.6 V)
DC ACCURACY
Resolution
Integral Nonlinearity3
Test Conditions/Comments
Bits
LSB max
LSB typ
LSB max
LSB typ
LSB max
LSB typ
LSB max
LSB typ
Guaranteed No Missed Codes to 12 Bits
VDD = 2.35 V
VDD = 3 V
VDD = 5 V
Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD
NOTES
1
Temperature ranges as follows: A, B Versions: –40°C to +85°C; S Version: –55°C to +125°C.
2
Operational from V DD = 2.0 V.
3
See Terminology section.
4
Maximum B, S version specifications apply as typical figures when V DD = 5.25 V.
Guaranteed by characterization.
A Version: fSAMPLEMAX = 1 MSPS; B, S Versions: f SAMPLEMAX = 600 kSPS.
See Power vs. Throughput Rate section.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
–2–
REV. D
5
6
7
AD7477–SPECIFICATIONS1 (V
DD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V, fSCLK = 20 MHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
A Version1, 2
S Version1, 2
Unit
61
–73
–74
61
–73
–74
dB min
dB max
dB max
–78
–78
10
30
6.5
–78
–78
10
30
6.5
dB typ
dB typ
ns typ
ps typ
MHz typ
DC ACCURACY
Resolution
Integral Nonlinearity
Differential Nonlinearity
Offset Error
Gain Error
10
±1
± 0.9
±1
±1
10
±1
± 0.9
±1
±1
Bits
LSB max
LSB max
LSB max
LSB max
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Ranges
DC Leakage Current
Input Capacitance
0 to VDD
±1
30
0 to VDD
±1
30
V
µA max
pF typ
2.4
0.8
0.4
±1
±1
10
2.4
0.8
0.4
±1
±1
10
V min
V max
V max
µA max
µA typ
pF max
Parameter
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) (SINAD)
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)
Second-Order Terms
Third-Order Terms
Aperture Delay
Aperture Jitter
Full Power Bandwidth
LOGIC INPUTS
Input High Voltage, VINH
Input Low Voltage, VINL
Input Current, IIN, SCLK Pin
Input Current, IIN, CS Pin
Input Capacitance, CIN4
Test Conditions/Comments
fIN = 100 kHz Sine Wave, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
fa = 103.5 kHz, fb = 113.5 kHz
fa = 103.5 kHz, fb = 113.5 kHz
@ 3 dB
Guaranteed No Missed Codes to 10 Bits
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 3 V
Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, VOH
Output Low Voltage, VOL
Floating-State Leakage Current
Floating-State Output Capacitance4
Output Coding
VDD – 0.2
VDD – 0.2
0.4
0.4
± 10
± 10
10
10
Straight (Natural) Binary
V min
V max
µA max
pF max
ISOURCE = 200 µA; VDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V
ISINK = 200 µA
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time
Throughput Rate
800
400
1
800
400
1
ns max
ns max
MSPS max
16 SCLK Cycles with SCLK at 20 MHz
2.7/5.25
2.7/5.25
V min/max
2
1
3.5
1.6
1
80
2
1
3.5
1.6
1
80
mA typ
mA typ
mA max
mA max
µA max
µA max
Digital I/Ps = 0 V or VDD
VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V; SCLK On or Off
VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V; SCLK On or Off
VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
SCLK Off
SCLK On
17.5
4.8
5
17.5
4.8
5
mW max
mW max
µW max
VDD = 5 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
VDD = 3 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
VDD = 5 V; SCLK Off
POWER REQUIREMENTS
VDD
IDD
Normal Mode (Static)
Normal Mode (Operational)
Full Power-Down Mode
Power Dissipation5
Normal Mode (Operational)
Full Power-Down
NOTES
1
Temperature ranges as follows: A Version: –40°C to +85°C; S Version: –55°C to +125°C.
2
Operational from V DD = 2.0 V, with input high voltage, V INH = 1.8 V min.
3
See Terminology section.
4
Guaranteed by characterization.
5
See Power vs. Throughput Rate section.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. D
–3–
See Serial Interface Section
1 (V
AD7476–SPECIFICATIONS
8
DD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V, fSCLK = 20 MHz, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
A Version1, 2
S Version1, 2
Unit
49
–65
–65
49
–65
–65
dB min
dB max
dB max
–68
–68
10
30
6.5
–68
–68
10
30
6.5
dB typ
dB typ
ns typ
ps typ
MHz typ
DC ACCURACY
Resolution
Integral Nonlinearity
Differential Nonlinearity
Offset Error
Gain Error
Total Unadjusted Error (TUE)
8
± 0.5
± 0.5
± 0.5
± 0.5
± 0.5
8
± 0.5
± 0.5
± 0.5
± 0.5
± 0.5
Bits
LSB max
LSB max
LSB max
LSB max
LSB max
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Ranges
DC Leakage Current
Input Capacitance
0 to VDD
±1
30
0 to VDD
±1
30
V
µA max
pF typ
2.4
0.8
0.4
±1
±1
10
2.4
0.8
0.4
±1
±1
10
V min
V max
V max
µA max
µA typ
pF max
Parameter
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) (SINAD)
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise (SFDR)
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)
Second-Order Terms
Third-Order Terms
Aperture Delay
Aperture Jitter
Full Power Bandwidth
LOGIC INPUTS
Input High Voltage, VINH
Input Low Voltage, VINL
Input Current, IIN, SCLK Pin
Input Current, IIN, CS Pin
Input Capacitance, CIN4
Test Conditions/Comments
fIN = 100 kHz Sine Wave, fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
fa = 498.7 kHz, fb = 508.7 kHz
fa = 498.7 kHz, fb = 508.7 kHz
@ 3 dB
Guaranteed No Missed Codes to Eight Bits
VDD = 5 V
VDD = 3 V
Typically 10 nA, VIN = 0 V or VDD
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, VOH
Output Low Voltage, VOL
Floating-State Leakage Current
Floating-State Output Capacitance4
Output Coding
VDD – 0.2
VDD – 0.2
0.4
0.4
± 10
± 10
10
10
Straight (Natural) Binary
V min
V max
µA max
pF max
ISOURCE = 200 µA; VDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V
ISINK = 200 µA
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time
Throughput Rate
800
400
1
800
400
1
ns max
ns max
MSPS max
16 SCLK Cycles with SCLK at 20 MHz
2.7/5.25
2.7/5.25
V min/max
2
1
3.5
1.6
1
80
2
1
3.5
1.6
1
80
mA typ
mA typ
mA max
mA max
µA max
µA max
Digital I/Ps = 0 V or VDD
VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V; SCLK On or Off
VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V; SCLK On or Off
VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
SCLK Off
SCLK On
17.5
4.8
5
17.5
4.8
5
mW max
mW max
µW max
VDD = 5 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
VDD = 3 V; fSAMPLE = 1 MSPS
VDD = 5 V; SCLK Off
POWER REQUIREMENTS
VDD
IDD
Normal Mode (Static)
Normal Mode (Operational)
Full Power-Down Mode
Power Dissipation5
Normal Mode (Operational)
Full Power-Down
See Serial Interface Section
NOTES
1
Temperature ranges as follows: A Version: –40°C to +85°C; S Version: –55°C to +125°C.
2
Operational from V DD = 2.0 V, with input high voltage, V INH = 1.8 V min.
3
See Terminology section.
4
Guaranteed by characterization.
5
See Power vs. Throughput Rate section.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
–4–
REV. D
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS1, 2 (V
DD
Parameter
fSCLK
4
tCONVERT
tQUIET
t1
t2
t3 5
t4 5
t5
t6
t7
t8 6
tPOWER-UP7
= 2.35 V to 5.25 V, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.)
Limit at TMIN, TMAX
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
3 V3
5 V3
Unit
Description
A Version
B Version
10
20
12
16 × tSCLK
50
10
20
12
16 × tSCLK
50
kHz min
MHz max
MHz max
10
10
20
40
70
0.4 × tSCLK
0.4 × tSCLK
10
10
25
1
10
10
20
20
20
0.4 × tSCLK
0.4 × tSCLK
10
10
25
1
ns min
ns min
ns max
ns max
ns max
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns min
ns max
µs typ
ns min
Minimum Quiet Time Required between Bus Relinquish and
Start of Next Conversion
Minimum CS Pulsewidth
CS to SCLK Setup Time
Delay from CS until SDATA Three-State Disabled
Data Access Time after SCLK Falling Edge, A Version
Data Access Time after SCLK Falling Edge, B Version
SCLK Low Pulsewidth
SCLK High Pulsewidth
SCLK to Data Valid Hold Time
SCLK Falling Edge to SDATA High Impedance
SCLK Falling Edge to SDATA High Impedance
Power-Up Time from Full Power-Down
NOTES
1
Guaranteed by characterization. All input signals are specified with tr = tf = 5 ns (10% to 90% of V DD) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V.
2
A Version timing specifications apply to the AD7477 S Version and AD7478 S Version; B Version timing specifications apply to the AD7476 S Version.
3
3 V specifications apply from V DD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V for A Version; 3 V specifications apply from V DD = 2.35 V to 3.6 V for B Version; 5 V specifications apply from
VDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V.
4
Mark/Space ratio for the SCLK input is 40/60 to 60/40.
5
Measured with the load circuit of Figure 1 and defined as the time required for the output to cross 0.8 V or 2.0 V.
6
t8 is derived from the measured time taken by the data outputs to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit of Figure 1. The measured number is then extrapolated
to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the time, t8, quoted in the Timing Specifications is the true bus relinquish time
of the part and is independent of the bus loading.
7
See Power-Up Time section.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
200␮A
TO OUTPUT
PIN
IOL
1.6V
CL
50pF
200␮A
IOH
Figure 1. Load Circuit for Digital Output Timing
Specifications
REV. D
–5–
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 1
(TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
VDD to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
Analog Input Voltage to GND . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Digital Input Voltage to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V
Digital Output Voltage to GND . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Input Current to Any Pin Except Supplies2 . . . . . . . . ± 10 mA
Operating Temperature Range
Commercial (A, B Versions) . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C
Military (S Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
SOT-23 Package
θJA Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230°C/W
θJC Thermal Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92°C/W
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Reflow (10 sec to 30 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 (0/+5)°C
Pb-Free Temperature Soldering
Reflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 (0/+5)°C
ESD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 kV
NOTES
1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
Transient currents of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up.
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
AD7476ART-500RL7
AD7476ART-REEL
AD7476ART-REEL7
AD7476ARTZ-500RL73
AD7476ARTZ-REEL3
AD7476ARTZ-REEL73
AD7476BRT-REEL
AD7476BRT-REEL7
AD7476BRTZ-REEL3
AD7476BRTZ-REEL73
AD7476SRT-500RL7
AD7476SRT-R2
AD7476SRT-REEL
AD7476SRT-REEL7
AD7476SRTZ-500RL73
AD7476SRTZ-R23
AD7476SRTZ-REEL3
AD7476SRTZ-REEL73
AD7477ART-500RL7
AD7477ART-REEL
AD7477ART-REEL7
AD7477SRT-500RL7
AD7477SRT-R2
AD7477SRT-REEL
AD7477SRT-REEL7
AD7478ART-500RL7
AD7478ART-REEL
AD7478ART-REEL7
AD7478SRT-500RL7
AD7478SRT-R2
AD7478SRT-REEL7
EVAL-AD7476CB4
EVAL-AD7477CB4
EVAL-CONTROL BRD25
Temperature
Range
Linearity
Error (LSB)1
Package
Option2
Branding
Information
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
–55°C to +125°C
± 1 typ
± 1 typ
± 1 typ
± 1 typ
± 1 typ
± 1 typ
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1.5 max
± 1 max
± 1 max
± 1 max
± 1 max
± 1 max
± 1 max
± 1 max
± 0.5 max
± 0.5 max
± 0.5 max
± 0.5 max
± 0.5 max
± 0.5 max
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
RT-6
Evaluation Board
Evaluation Board
Control Board
CEA
CEA
CEA
CEA
CEA
CEA
CEB
CEB
CEB
CEB
CES
CES
CES
CES
CES
CES
CES
CES
CFA
CFA
CFA
CFS
CFS
CFS
CFS
CJA
CJA
CJA
CJS
CJS
CJS
NOTES
1
Linearity Error here refers to integral linearity error.
2
RT = SOT-23.
3
Z = Pb free.
4
This can be used as a standalone evaluation board or in conjunction with the EVAL-CONTROL BOARD for evaluation/demonstration purposes.
5
This board is a complete unit allowing a PC to control and communicate with all Analog Devices evaluation boards ending in the CB designators. To order a complete
evaluation kit, you need to order the particular ADC evaluation board, e.g., EVAL-AD7476CB, the EVAL-CONTROL BRD2, and a 12 V ac transformer. See relevant
evaluation board application note for more information.
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may
occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions
are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–6–
REV. D
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
PIN CONFIGURATION
VDD 1
GND
2
VIN 3
AD7476/
AD7477/
AD7478
6
CS
5
SDATA
4
SCLK
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin
No.
Mnemonic
Function
1
2
VDD
GND
3
4
VIN
SCLK
5
SDATA
6
CS
Power Supply Input. The VDD range for the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is from 2.35 V to 5.25 V.
Analog Ground. Ground reference point for all circuitry on the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478. All analog
input signals should be referred to this GND voltage.
Analog Input. Single-ended analog input channel. The input range is 0 V to VDD.
Serial Clock. Logic input. SCLK provides the serial clock for accessing data from the part. This clock
input is also used as the clock source for the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478’s conversion process.
Data Out. Logic output. The conversion result from the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is provided on
this output as a serial data stream. The bits are clocked out on the falling edge of the SCLK input. The
data stream from the AD7476 consists of four leading zeros followed by the 12 bits of conversion data,
which is provided MSB first; the data stream from the AD7477 consists of four leading zeros followed
by the 10 bits of conversion data, followed by two trailing zeros, which is also provided MSB first; the
data stream from the AD7478 consists of four leading zeros followed by the eight bits of conversion
data, followed by four trailing zeros, which is provided MSB first.
Chip Select. Active low logic input. This input provides the dual function of initiating conversions on
the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 and framing the serial data transfer.
REV. D
–7–
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
TERMINOLOGY
Integral Nonlinearity
Total Unadjusted Error
This is a comprehensive specification that includes gain error,
linearity error, and offset error.
This is the maximum deviation from a straight line passing through
the endpoints of the ADC transfer function. For the AD7476/
AD7477, the endpoints of the transfer function are zero scale, a
point 1/2 LSB below the first code transition, and full scale, a
point 1/2 LSB above the last code transition. For the AD7478, the
endpoints of the transfer function are zero scale, a point 1 LSB
below the first code transition, and full scale, a point 1 LSB above
the last code transition.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Total harmonic distortion is the ratio of the rms sum of harmonics to the fundamental. For the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478, it is
defined as:
THD (dB) = 20 log
(V22 + V32 + V4 2 + V5 2 + V6 2 )
Differential Nonlinearity
This is the difference between the measured and the ideal 1 LSB
change between any two adjacent codes in the ADC.
V1
where V1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental and V2, V3,
V4, V5, and V6 are the rms amplitudes of the second through the
sixth harmonics.
Offset Error
This is the deviation of the first code transition (00 . . . 000)
to (00 . . . 001) from the ideal (i.e., AGND + 0.5 LSB). For
the AD7478, this is the deviation of the first code transition
(00 . . . 000) to (00 . . . 001) from the ideal (i.e., AGND + 1 LSB).
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
Peak harmonic or spurious noise is defined as the ratio of the
rms value of the next largest component in the ADC output
spectrum (up to fS/2 and excluding dc) to the rms value of the
fundamental. Normally, the value of this specification is determined by the largest harmonic in the spectrum, but for ADCs
where the harmonics are buried in the noise floor, it will be a
noise peak.
Gain Error
For the AD7476/AD7477, this is the deviation of the last code
transition (111 . . . 110) to (111 . . . 111) from the ideal (i.e.,
VREF – 1.5 LSB) after the offset error has been adjusted out. For
the AD7478, this is the deviation of the last code transition
(111 . . . 110) to (111 . . . 111) from the ideal (i.e., VREF – 1 LSB)
after the offset error has been adjusted.
Intermodulation Distortion
With inputs consisting of sine waves at two frequencies, fa and
fb, any active device with nonlinearities will create distortion
products at sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb where
m, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. Intermodulation distortion terms
are those for which neither m nor n is equal to zero. For example,
the second-order terms include (fa + fb) and (fa – fb), while the
third-order terms include (2fa + fb), (2fa – fb), (fa + 2fb), and
(fa – 2fb).
Track-and-Hold Acquisition Time
The track-and-hold amplifier returns into track mode after the
end of conversion. Track-and-hold acquisition time is the time
required for the output of the track-and-hold amplifier to reach
its final value, within ± 0.5 LSB, after the end of conversion. See
the Serial Interface Timing section for more detail.
The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 are tested using the CCIF
standard where two input frequencies are used, fa = 498.7 kHz and
fb = 508.7 kHz. In this case, the second-order terms are usually
distanced in frequency from the original sine waves while the
third-order terms are usually at a frequency close to the input
frequencies. As a result, the second- and third-order terms are
specified separately. The calculation of the intermodulation
distortion is as per the THD specification where it is the ratio of
the rms sum of the individual distortion products to the rms
amplitude of the sum of the fundamentals, expressed in dB.
Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) Ratio
This is the measured ratio of signal-to-(noise + distortion) at the
output of the ADC. The signal is the rms amplitude of the
fundamental. Noise is the sum of all nonfundamental signals up
to half the sampling frequency (fS/2), excluding dc.
The ratio is dependent on the number of quantization levels in
the digitization process; the more levels, the smaller the quantization noise. The theoretical signal-to-(noise + distortion) ratio
for an ideal N-bit converter with a sine wave input is given by
Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) = (6.02N + 1.76) dB
Thus for a 12-bit converter, this is 74 dB; for a 10-bit converter
it is 62 dB; and for an 8-bit converter it is 50 dB.
–8–
REV. D
Typical Performance Characteristics–AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
0
0
8192 POINT FFT
fSAMPLE = 1MSPS
fIN = 100kHz
SINAD = 71.67dB
THD = –81.00dB
SFDR = –81.63dB
–15
–20
–30
SNR – dB
SNR – dB
–35
8192 POINT FFT
fSAMPLE = 1MSPS
fIN = 100kHz
SINAD = 49.82dB
THD = –75.22dB
SFDR = –67.78dB
–10
–55
–40
–50
–60
–75
–70
–95
–80
–115
0
–90
50
100
150
200 250 300 350
FREQUENCY – kHz
400
450
0
500
100
150
200 250 300 350
FREQUENCY – kHz
400
450
500
TPC 4. AD7478 Dynamic Performance at 1 MSPS
TPC 1. AD7476 Dynamic Performance at 1 MSPS
–66
–15
–67
–68
SINAD – dB
–35
VDD = 2.35V
SCLK = 20MHz
8192 POINT FFT
fSAMPLE = 600kSPS
fIN = 100kHz
SINAD = 71.71dB
THD = –80.88dB
SFDR = –83.23dB
–15
SNR – dB
50
–55
–69
VDD = 2.7V
–70
VDD = 5.25V
–75
–71
–95
VDD = 4.75V
–72
VDD = 3.6V
–73
10k
–115
50
0
100
150
200
FREQUENCY – kHz
250
300
1M
TPC 5. AD7476 SINAD vs. Input Frequency at 993 kSPS
TPC 2. AD7476 Dynamic Performance at 600 kSPS
–69.0
0
8192 POINT FFT
fSAMPLE = 1MSPS
fIN = 100kHz
SINAD = 61.66dB
THD = –80.64dB
SFDR = –85.75dB
–10
–20
–69.5
SCLK = 12MHz
VDD = 2.35V
–70.0
SINAD – dB
–30
SNR – dB
100k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
–40
–50
–60
–70.5
VDD = 2.7V
–71.0
VDD = 5.25V
–70
–71.5
VDD = 4.75V
–80
VDD = 3.6V
–72.0
–90
–72.5
10k
–100
0
50
100
150
200 250 300 350
FREQUENCY – kHz
400
450
500
1M
TPC 6. AD7476 SINAD vs. Input Frequency at 605 kSPS
TPC 3. AD7477 Dynamic Performance at 1 MSPS
REV. D
100k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
–9–
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
CIRCUIT INFORMATION
ADC TRANSFER FUNCTION
The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 are, respectively, 12-bit, 10-bit,
and 8-bit, fast, micropower, single-supply ADCs. The parts can be
operated from a 2.35 V to 5.25 V supply. When operated from
either a 5 V supply or a 3 V supply, the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
are capable of throughput rates of 1 MSPS when provided with
a 20 MHz clock.
The output coding of the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is straight
binary. For the AD7476/AD7477, designed code transitions
occur midway between successive integer LSB values (i.e.,
1/2 LSB, 3/2 LSB, and so on). The LSB size for the AD7476
is VDD/4096 and the LSB size for the AD7477 is VDD/1024. The
ideal transfer characteristic for the AD7476/AD7477 is shown
in Figure 4.
The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 provide the user with an on-chip,
track-and-hold ADC, and a serial interface housed in a tiny
6-lead SOT-23 package, which offers the user considerable
space saving advantages over alternative solutions. The serial
clock input accesses data from the part and also provides the
clock source for the successive-approximation ADC. The analog
input range is 0 V to VDD. An external reference is not required
for the ADC, nor is there a reference on-chip. The reference for
the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is derived from the power supply
and thus gives the widest dynamic input range.
For the AD7478, designed code transitions occur midway between
successive integer LSB values (i.e., 1 LSB, 2 LSB, and so on).
The LSB size for the AD7478 is VDD/256. The ideal transfer
characteristic for the AD7478 is shown in Figure 5.
111 ... 111
111 ... 110
ADC CODE
The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 also feature a power-down option
to save power between conversions. The power-down feature is
implemented across the standard serial interface as described in
the Modes of Operation section.
111 ... 000
1LSB = VDD/4096 (AD7476)
1LSB = VDD/1024 (AD7477)
011 ... 111
CONVERTER OPERATION
The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 are successive-approximation
analog-to-digital converters based around a charge redistribution
DAC. Figures 2 and 3 show simplified schematics of the ADC.
Figure 2 shows the ADC during its acquisition phase. SW2 is
closed and SW1 is in position A, the comparator is held in a
balanced condition, and the sampling capacitor acquires the
signal on VIN.
A
SAMPLING
CAPACITOR
ACQUISITION
PHASE
000 ... 000
0V
ⴙVDD–1.5LSB
0.5LSB
ANALOG INPUT
Figure 4. Transfer Characteristic for the AD7476/AD7477
CHARGE
REDISTRIBUTION
DAC
COMPARATOR
SW1
B
000 ... 001
111 ... 111
111 ... 110
CONTROL
LOGIC
SW2
ADC CODE
VIN
000 ... 010
AGND
VDD/2
111 ... 000
1LSB = VDD/256 (AD7478)
011 ... 111
Figure 2. ADC Acquisition Phase
When the ADC starts a conversion (see Figure 3), SW2 will open
and SW1 will move to Position B, causing the comparator to
become unbalanced. The Control Logic and the Charge Redistribution DAC are used to add and subtract fixed amounts of charge
from the sampling capacitor to bring the comparator back into a
balanced condition. When the comparator is rebalanced, the
conversion is complete. The Control Logic generates the ADC
output code. Figures 4 and 5 show the ADC transfer function.
000 ... 010
000 ... 001
000 ... 000
0V
ⴙVDD–1LSB
1LSB
ANALOG INPUT
Figure 5. Transfer Characteristic for AD7478
TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM
VIN
A
CHARGE
REDISTRIBUTION
DAC
COMPARATOR
SAMPLING
CAPACITOR
SW1
CONTROL
LOGIC
B
CONVERSION
PHASE
SW2
AGND
VDD/2
Figure 6 shows a typical connection diagram for the AD7476/
AD7477/AD7478. VREF is taken internally from VDD and as
such, VDD should be well decoupled. This provides an analog
input range of 0 V to VDD. The conversion result is output in a
16-bit word with four leading zeros followed by the MSB of the
12-bit, 10-bit, or 8-bit result. The 10-bit result from the AD7477
will be followed by two trailing zeros. The 8-bit result from
the AD7478 will be followed by four trailing zeros.
Figure 3. ADC Conversion Phase
–10–
REV. D
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
Alternatively, because the supply current required by the
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is so low, a precision reference can be
used as the supply source to the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478. A
REF19x voltage reference (REF195 for 5 V, or REF193 for 3 V)
can be used to supply the required voltage to the ADC (see
Figure 6). This configuration is especially useful if the power
supply is quite noisy or if the system supply voltages are at some
value other than 5 V or 3 V (e.g., 15 V). The REF19x will output
a steady voltage to the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478. If the low
dropout REF193 is used, the current it typically needs to supply
to the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is 1 mA. When the ADC is
converting at a rate of 1 MSPS, the REF193 will need to supply a
maximum of 1.6 mA to the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478. The load
regulation of the REF193 is typically 10 ppm/mA (REF193, VS =
5 V), which results in an error of 16 ppm (48 µV) for the 1.6 mA
drawn from it. This corresponds to a 0.065 LSB error for the
AD7476 with VDD = 3 V from the REF193, a 0.016 LSB error for
the AD7477, and a 0.004 LSB error for the AD7478. For applications where power consumption is of concern, the Power-Down
mode of the ADC and the Sleep mode of the REF19x reference
should be used to improve power performance. See the Modes of
Operation section.
3V
1mA
680nF
1␮F
TANT
VDD
0V TO VDD
INPUT
VIN
GND
REF193
0.1␮F
10␮F
0.1␮F
the substrate. These diodes can conduct a maximum of 10 mA
without causing irreversible damage to the part. The capacitor
C1 in Figure 7 is typically about 4 pF and can primarily be
attributed to pin capacitance. The resistor R1 is a lumped
component made up of the on resistance of a switch. This
resistor is typically about 100 Ω. The capacitor C2 is the ADC
sampling capacitor and typically has a capacitance of 30 pF. For
ac applications, removing high frequency components from the
analog input signal is recommended by use of a band-pass filter
on the relevant analog input pin. In applications where harmonic
distortion and signal-to-noise ratio are critical, the analog input
should be driven from a low impedance source. Large source
impedances will significantly affect the ac performance of the
ADC. This may necessitate the use of an input buffer amplifier.
The choice of the op amp will be a function of the particular
application.
VDD
D1
R1
VIN
C1
4pF
C2
30pF
D2
CONVERSION PHASE - SWITCH OPEN
TRACK PHASE - SWITCH CLOSED
5V
SUPPLY
Figure 7. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit
SCLK
AD7476/
SDATA
AD7477/
AD7478
␮C/␮P
CS
SERIAL
INTERFACE
Figure 6. REF193 as Power Supply to AD7476/AD7477/
AD7478
Table I provides some typical performance data with various
references used as a VDD source with a low frequency analog
input. Under the same setup conditions, the references were
compared and the AD780 proved the optimum reference.
When no amplifier is used to drive the analog input, the source
impedance should be limited to low values. The maximum source
impedance will depend on the amount of total harmonic distortion
(THD) that can be tolerated. The THD will increase as the source
impedance increases and performance will degrade. Figure 8
shows a graph of the total harmonic distortion versus source
impedance for different analog input frequencies when using
a supply voltage of 2.7 V and sampling at a rate of 605 kSPS.
Figures 9 and 10 each show a graph of the total harmonic
distortion versus analog input signal frequency for various supply
voltages while sampling at 993 kSPS with an SCLK frequency of
20 MHz and 605 kSPS with an SCLK frequency of 12 MHz,
respectively.
0
Table I.
Reference Tied
to VDD
AD7476 SNR Performance
1 kHz Input (dB)
–20
AD780 @ 3 V
REF193
71.17
70.4
–40
AD780 @ 2.5 V
REF192
AD1582
71.35
70.93
70.05
THD – dB
–30
fIN = 200kHz
–50
fIN = 300kHz
–60
–70
–80
Analog Input
fIN = 100kHz
–90
fIN = 10kHz
Figure 7 shows an equivalent circuit of the analog input structure
of the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478. The two diodes D1 and D2
provide ESD protection for the analog inputs. Care must be
taken to ensure that the analog input signal never exceeds the
supply rails by more than 300 mV. This will cause these diodes
to become forward-biased and start conducting current into
REV. D
VDD = 2.7V
fS = 605kSPS
–10
–100
1
10
100
1k
SOURCE IMPEDANCE – ⍀
10k
Figure 8. THD vs. Source Impedance for Various Analog
Input Frequencies
–11–
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
restricted by the VDD + 0.3 V limit as on the analog inputs. For
example, if the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 were operated with a
VDD of 3 V, then 5 V logic levels could be used on the digital
inputs. However, it is important to note that the data output on
SDATA will still have 3 V logic levels when VDD = 3 V. Another
advantage of SCLK and CS not being restricted by the VDD +
0.3 V limit is the fact that power supply sequencing issues are
avoided. If CS or SCLK is applied before VDD, there is no risk of
latch-up as there would be on the analog inputs if a signal greater
than 0.3 V was applied prior to VDD.
–50
–55
–60
THD – dB
–65
VDD = 2.35V
VDD = 5.25V
–70
VDD = 2.7V
–75
–80
MODES OF OPERATION
VDD = 4.75V
–85
The mode of operation of the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is
selected by controlling the (logic) state of the CS signal during a
conversion. There are two possible modes of operation, Normal
mode and Power-Down mode. The point at which CS is pulled
high after the conversion has been initiated will determine whether
or not the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 will enter Power-Down
mode. Similarly, if already in power-down, CS can control
whether the device will return to normal operation or remain in
power-down. These modes of operation are designed to provide
flexible power management options. These options can be chosen
to optimize the power dissipation/throughput rate ratio for different
application requirements.
VDD = 3.6V
–90
10k
100k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
1M
Figure 9. THD vs. Analog Input Frequency, fS = 993 kSPS
–72
VDD = 2.35V
–74
THD – dB
–76
–78
Normal Mode
VDD = 2.7V
This mode is intended for fastest throughput rate performance,
as the user does not have to worry about any power-up times
with the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 remaining fully powered all
the time. Figure 11 shows the general diagram of the operation
of the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 in this mode.
–80
VDD = 4.75V
VDD = 5.25V
–82
VDD = 3.6V
–84
10k
100k
INPUT FREQUENCY – Hz
1M
Figure 10. THD vs. Analog Input Frequency, fS = 605 kSPS
Digital Inputs
The digital inputs applied to the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 are
not limited by the maximum ratings that limit the analog inputs.
Instead, the digital inputs applied can go to 7 V and are not
The conversion is initiated on the falling edge of CS as described
in the Serial Interface section. To ensure the part remains fully
powered up at all times, CS must remain low until at least 10
SCLK falling edges have elapsed after the falling edge of CS. If
CS is brought high any time after the tenth SCLK falling edge,
but before the sixteenth SCLK falling edge, the part will remain
powered up but the conversion will be terminated and SDATA
will go back into three-state. Sixteen serial clock cycles are
required to complete the conversion and access the complete
CS
1
10
16
SCLK
SDATA
4 LEADING ZEROS + CONVERSION RESULT
Figure 11. Normal Mode Operation
CS
1
2
10
16
SCLK
THREE-STATE
SDATA
Figure 12. Entering Power-Down Mode
–12–
REV. D
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
THE PART BEGINS
TO POWER UP
THE PART IS FULLY POWERED
UP WITH VIN FULLY ACQUIRED
CS
A
1
10
16
1
16
SCLK
SDATA
INVALID DATA
VALID DATA
Figure 13. Exiting Power-Down Mode
conversion result. CS may idle high until the next conversion or
may idle low until CS returns high sometime prior to the next
conversion (effectively idling CS low).
conversion, to the next falling edge of CS. When running at
1 MSPS throughput rate, the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 will
power up and acquire a signal within ± 0.5 LSB in one dummy
cycle, i.e., 1 ␮s.
Once a data transfer is complete (SDATA has returned to threestate), another conversion can be initiated after the quiet time,
tQUIET, has elapsed by again bringing CS low.
Power-Down Mode
This mode is intended for use in applications where slower
throughput rates are required; either the ADC is powered down
between each conversion, or a series of conversions may be
performed at a high throughput rate and the ADC is then powered
down for a relatively long duration between these bursts of several
conversions. When the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is in powerdown, all analog circuitry is powered down.
To enter power-down, the conversion process must be interrupted
by bringing CS high any time after the second falling edge of
SCLK and before the tenth falling edge of SCLK, as shown in
Figure 12. Once CS has been brought high in this window of
SCLKs, the part will enter power-down and the conversion that
was initiated by the falling edge of CS will be terminated and
SDATA will go back into three-state. If CS is brought high before
the second SCLK falling edge, the part will remain in Normal mode
and will not power down. This will avoid accidental power-down
due to glitches on the CS line.
To exit this mode of operation and power up the AD7476/
AD7477/AD7478 again, a dummy conversion is performed. On
the falling edge of CS, the device will begin to power up, and
will continue to power up as long as CS is held low until after the
falling edge of the tenth SCLK. The device will be fully powered
up once 16 SCLKs have elapsed and, as shown in Figure 13,
valid data will result from the next conversion. If CS is brought
high before the tenth falling edge of SCLK, the AD7476/
AD7477/AD7478 will again go back into power-down. This
avoids accidental power-up due to glitches on the CS line or an
inadvertent burst of eight SCLK cycles while CS is low. So
although the device may begin to power up on the falling edge
of CS, it will again power down on the rising edge of CS as long
as it occurs before the tenth SCLK falling edge.
Power-Up Time
The power-up time of the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is typically
1 ␮s, which means that with any frequency of SCLK up to
20 MHz, one dummy cycle will always be sufficient to allow the
device to power up. Once the dummy cycle is complete, the ADC
will be fully powered up and the input signal will be acquired
properly. The quiet time (tQUIET) must still be allowed from the
point at which the bus goes back into three-state after the dummy
REV. D
When powering up from the Power-Down mode with a dummy
cycle, as in Figure 13, the track-and-hold that was in Hold
mode while the part was powered down returns to Track mode
after the first SCLK edge the part receives after the falling edge of
CS. This is shown as Point A in Figure 13. Although at any
SCLK frequency one dummy cycle is sufficient to power up the
device and acquire VIN, it does not necessarily mean that a full
dummy cycle of 16 SCLKs must always elapse to power up the
device and fully acquire VIN; 1 µs will be sufficient to power up the
device and acquire the input signal. If, for example, a 5 MHz
SCLK frequency were applied to the ADC, the cycle time would
be 3.2 µs. In one dummy cycle, 3.2 µs, the part would be powered
up and VIN fully acquired. However, after 1 µs with a 5 MHz
SCLK, only five SCLK cycles would have elapsed. At this stage,
the ADC would be fully powered up and the signal acquired. So,
in this case, the CS can be brought high after the tenth SCLK
falling edge and brought low again after a time tQUIET to initiate
the conversion.
When power supplies are first applied to the AD7476/AD7477/
AD7478, the ADC may power up in either Power-Down mode
or Normal mode. Because of this, it is best to allow a dummy
cycle to elapse to ensure the part is fully powered up before
attempting a valid conversion. Likewise, if it is intended to keep
the part in the Power-Down mode while not in use and the user
wants the part to power up in Power-Down mode, the dummy
cycle may be used to ensure the device is in power-down by
executing a cycle such as that shown in Figure 12. Once supplies
are applied to the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478, the power-up
time is the same as that when powering up from the Power-Down
mode. It takes approximately 1 µs to fully power up if the part
powers up in Normal mode. It is not necessary to wait 1 µs before
executing a dummy cycle to ensure the desired mode of operation.
Instead, the dummy cycle can occur directly after power is supplied
to the ADC. If the first valid conversion is then performed directly
after the dummy conversion, care must be taken to ensure that
adequate acquisition time has been allowed. As mentioned earlier,
when powering up from the Power-Down mode, the part will
return to track upon the first SCLK edge applied after the falling
edge of CS. However, when the ADC powers up initially after
supplies are applied, the track-and-hold will already be in track.
This means that if the ADC powers up in the desired mode of
operation, and a dummy cycle is not required to change mode, then
a dummy cycle is not required to place the track-and-hold
into track.
–13–
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
POWER VS. THROUGHPUT RATE
By using the Power-Down mode on the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
when not converting, the average power consumption of the ADC
decreases at lower throughput rates. Figure 14 shows how as the
throughput rate is reduced, the device remains in its power-down
state longer, and the average power consumption over time
drops accordingly.
For example, if the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 is operated in a
continuous sampling mode with a throughput rate of 100 kSPS
and a SCLK of 20 MHz (VDD = 5 V), and the device is placed
in the Power-Down mode between conversions, then the power
consumption is calculated as follows. The power dissipation
during normal operation is 17.5 mW (VDD = 5 V). If the
power-up time is one dummy cycle, i.e., 1 µs, and the remaining
conversion time is another cycle, i.e., 1 µs, then the AD7476/
AD7477/AD7478 can be said to dissipate 17.5 mW for 2 µs
during each conversion cycle. If the throughput rate is 100 kSPS,
the cycle time is 10 µs and the average power dissipated
during each cycle is (2/10) × (17.5 mW) = 3.5 mW. If VDD =
3 V, SCLK = 20 MHz, and the device is again in Power-Down
mode between conversions, the power dissipation during normal
operation is 4.8 mW. The AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 can now
be said to dissipate 4.8 mW for 2 µs during each conversion
cycle. With a throughput rate of 100 kSPS, the average power
dissipated during each cycle is (2/10) × (4.8 mW) = 0.96 mW.
Figure 14 shows the power versus throughput rate when using
the Power-Down mode between conversions with both 5 V
and 3 V supplies.
100
VDD = 5V, SCLK = 20MHz
POWER – mW
10
VDD = 3V, SCLK = 20MHz
1
0.1
The Power-Down mode is intended for use with throughput
rates of approximately 333 kSPS and under, because at higher
sampling rates power is not saved by using the Power-Down mode.
SERIAL INTERFACE
Figures 15, 16, and 17 show the detailed timing diagrams for
serial interfacing to the AD7476, AD7477, and AD7478,
respectively. The serial clock provides the conversion clock
and also controls the transfer of information from the AD7476/
AD7477/AD7478 during conversion.
The CS signal initiates the data transfer and conversion process.
The falling edge of CS puts the track-and-hold into Hold mode,
takes the bus out of three-state, and the analog input is sampled
at this point. The conversion is also initiated at this point and
will require sixteenth SCLK cycles to complete. Once 13 SCLK
falling edges have elapsed, the track-and-hold will go back into
track on the next SCLK rising edge as shown in Figures 15, 16,
and 17 at Point B. On the sixteenth SCLK falling edge, the
SDATA line will go back into three-state. If the rising edge of
CS occurs before 16 SCLKs have elapsed, the conversion will be
terminated and the SDATA line will go back into three-state;
otherwise, SDATA returns to three-state on the sixteenth SCLK
falling edge as shown in Figures 15, 16, and 17. Sixteen serial
clock cycles are required to perform the conversion process
and to access data from the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478. CS
going low provides the first leading zero to be read in by the
microcontroller or DSP. The remaining data is then clocked out
by subsequent SCLK falling edges, beginning with the second
leading zero. Thus the first falling clock edge on the serial clock
has the first leading zero provided and also clocks out the second
leading zero. The final bit in the data transfer is valid on the
sixteenth falling edge, having been clocked out on the previous
(fifteenth) falling edge. In applications with a slower SCLK, it
is possible to read in data on each SCLK rising edge, i.e., although the first leading zero will have to be read on the first
SCLK falling edge after the CS falling edge. Therefore, the first
rising edge of SCLK after the CS falling edge will provide the
second leading zero and the fifteenth rising SCLK edge will have
DB0 provided or the final zero for the AD7477 and AD7478.
This may not work with most microcontrollers/DSPs, but could
possibly be used with FPGAs and ASICs.
0.01
0
50
100
150
200
250
THROUGHPUT RATE – kSPS
300
350
Figure 14. Power vs. Throughput Rate
–14–
REV. D
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
t1
CS
tCONVERT
t2
t6
1
SCLK
2
3
t3
THREESTATE
SDATA
Z
B
4
5
13
ZERO
ZERO
DB11
15
16
t5
t7
t4
ZERO
14
t8
tQUIET
DB10
DB2
DB1
THREE-STATE
DB0
4 LEADING ZEROS
Figure 15. AD7476 Serial Interface Timing Diagram
t1
CS
tCONVERT
t2
SCLK
t6
1
2
3
4
t3
THREESTATE
SDATA
Z
B
5
13
ZERO
ZERO
DB9
15
16
t5
t7
t4
ZERO
14
t8
tQUIET
DB8
DB0
ZERO
4 LEADING ZEROS
THREE-STATE
ZERO
2 TRAILING
ZEROS
Figure 16. AD7477 Serial Interface Timing Diagram
t1
CS
tCONVERT
t2
SCLK
t6
1
2
3
B
12
4
13
14
15
16
t5
THREESTATE
SDATA
Z
ZERO
ZERO
ZERO
4 LEADING ZEROS
DB7
t8
t7
t4
t3
ZERO
tQUIET
ZERO
ZERO
ZERO
THREE-STATE
4 TRAILING ZEROS
8 BITS OF DATA
Figure 17. AD7478 Serial Interface Timing Diagram
REV. D
–15–
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
The serial interface on the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 allows
the part to be directly connected to a range of many different
microprocessors. This section explains how to interface the
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 with some of the more common
microcontroller and DSP serial interface protocols.
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 to TMS320C5x/C54x Interface
The serial interface on the TMS320C5x uses a continuous serial
clock and frame synchronization signals to synchronize the data
transfer operations with peripheral devices like the AD7476/
AD7477/AD7478. The CS input allows easy interfacing between
the TMS320C5x/C54x and the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 without
any glue logic required. The serial port of the TMS320C5x/C54x
is set up to operate in burst mode with internal CLKX (Tx serial
clock) and FSX (Tx frame sync). The serial port control register
(SPC) must have the following setup: FO = 0, FSM = 1,
MCM = 1, and TXM = 1. The format bit, FO, may be set to 1
to set the word length to eight bits, in order to implement the
Power-Down mode on the AD7476/AD7477/AD7478. The
connection diagram is shown in Figure 18. It should be noted that
for signal processing applications, it is imperative that the frame
synchronization signal from the TMS320C5x/C54x provides
equidistant sampling.
SCLK
CLKX
CLKR
SDATA
CS
The timer registers, for example, are loaded with a value that will
provide an interrupt at the required sample interval. When an
interrupt is received, a value is transmitted with TFS/DT (ADC
control word). The TFS is used to control the RFS and therefore
the reading of data. The frequency of the serial clock is set in the
SCLKDIV register. When the instruction to transmit with TFS
is given (i.e., TX0 = AX0), the state of the SCLK is checked.
The DSP will wait until the SCLK has gone high, low, and high
before transmission will start. If the timer and SCLK values are
chosen such that the instruction to transmit occurs on or near
the rising edge of SCLK, the data may be transmitted, or it may
wait until the next clock edge.
For example, the ADSP-2111 has a master clock frequency of
16 MHz. If the SCLKDIV register is loaded with the value 3,
a SCLK of 2 MHz is obtained, and eight master clock periods
will elapse for every one SCLK period. If the timer registers
are loaded with the value 803, 100.5 SCLKs will occur between
interrupts and subsequently between transmit instructions. This
situation will result in nonequidistant sampling as the transmit
instruction is occurring on an SCLK edge. If the number of
SCLKs between interrupts is a whole integer figure of N, equidistant sampling will be implemented by the DSP.
TMS320C5x/
TMS320C54x*
AD7476/
AD7477/
AD7478*
To implement the Power-Down mode, SLEN should be set
to 0111 to issue an 8-bit SCLK burst. The connection diagram
is shown in Figure 19. The ADSP-21xx has the TFS and RFS of
the SPORT tied together, with TFS set as an output and RFS
set as an input. The DSP operates in Alternate Framing mode
and the SPORT control register is set up as described. The
frame synchronization signal generated on the TFS is tied to
CS and as with all signal processing applications, equidistant
sampling is necessary. However, in this example, the timer
interrupt is used to control the sampling rate of the ADC and, under
certain conditions, equidistant sampling may not be achieved.
DR
FSX
FSR
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
Figure 18. Interfacing to the TMS320C5x/C54x
AD7476/
AD7477/
AD7478*
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 to ADSP-21xx Interface
The ADSP-21xx family of DSPs are interfaced directly to the
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 without any glue logic required. The
SPORT control register should be set up as follows:
TFSW = RFSW = 1, Alternate Framing
INVRFS = INVTFS = 1, Active Low Frame Signal
DTYPE = 00, Right Justify Data
SLEN = 1111, 16-Bit Data-Words
ISCLK = 1, Internal Serial Clock
TFSR = RFSR = 1, Frame Every Word
IRFS = 0
ITFS = 1
ADSP-21xx*
SCLK
SDATA
CS
SCLK
DR
RFS
TFS
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
Figure 19. Interfacing to the ADSP-21xx
–16–
REV. D
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 to DSP56xxx Interface
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 to MC68HC16 Interface
The connection diagram in Figure 20 shows how the AD7476/
AD7477/AD7478 can be connected to the SSI (Synchronous
Serial Interface) of the DSP56xxx family of DSPs from Motorola.
The SSI is operated in Synchronous Mode (SYN bit in
CRB =1) with internally generated word frame sync for both
Tx and Rx (Bits FSL1 = 0 and FSL0 = 0 in CRB). Set the word
length to 16 by setting bits WL1 = 1 and WL0 = 0 in CRA. To
implement the Power-Down mode on the AD7476/AD7477/
AD7478, the word length can be changed to eight bits by setting
bits WL1 = 0 and WL0 = 0 in CRA. It should be noted that
for signal processing applications, it is imperative that the
frame synchronization signal from the DSP56xxx provides
equidistant sampling.
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) on the MC68HC16 is
configured for Master Mode (MSTR = 1), the Clock Polarity
Bit (CPOL) = 1, and the Clock Phase Bit (CPHA) = 0. The SPI
is configured by writing to the SPI Control Register (SPCR)—see
the 68HC16 User Manual. The serial transfer will take place as
a 16-bit operation when the SIZE bit in the SPCR register is set
to SIZE = 1. To implement the Power-Down mode with an
8-bit transfer, set SIZE = 0. A connection diagram is shown
in Figure 21.
AD7476/
AD7477/
AD7478*
MC68HC16*
SCLK
SCLK/PMC2
SDATA
MISO/PMC0
DSP56xxx*
CS
SS/PMC3
SCLK
SCK
SDATA
SRD
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
CS
SC2
Figure 21. Interfacing to the MC68HC16
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
Figure 20. Interfacing to the DSP56xxx
REV. D
AD7476/
AD7477/
AD7478*
–17–
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
6-Lead Plastic Surface-Mount Package [SOT-23]
(RT-6)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
2.90 BSC
6
5
4
1
2
3
2.80 BSC
1.60 BSC
PIN 1
0.95 BSC
1.30
1.15
0.90
1.90
BSC
1.45 MAX
0.15 MAX
0.50
0.30
SEATING
PLANE
0.22
0.08
10ⴗ
0ⴗ
0.60
0.45
0.30
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-178AB
–18–
REV. D
AD7476/AD7477/AD7478
Revision History
Location
Page
3/04—Data Sheet changed from REV. C to REV. D.
Added U.S. Patent number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Changes to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Changes to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Changes to AD7476/AD7477/AD7478 to ADSP-21xx Interface section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2/03—Data Sheet changed from REV. B to REV. C.
Change to GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Changes to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Changes to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Change to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Change to TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Change to Figure 8 caption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Change to Figure 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Change to Figure 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS updated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
REV. D
–19–
–20–
C01024–0–3/04(D)