D828 Series 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 8-Bit Programmable 2" x 2" Differential Input 8-Pole Filters Description The D828 Series are digitally programmable lowpass and high-pass active filters with differential input that are tunable over a 256:1 frequency range. D828 filters are available with any one of five standard factory-set tuning ranges or 8-bit custom ranges from 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz. These units contain 8 CMOS logic inputs. All D828 Series models are convenient, low profile, easy to use fully finished filters which require no external components or adjustments. They feature low harmonic distortion, and near theoretical phase and amplitude characteristics. D828 filters operate from non-critical ± 12 to ± 18 Vdc power supplies, have a 10 kΩ (min.) input and a 10 Ω (max.) output impedance. Features/Benefits: • Compact 2" x 2" design minimizes board space requirements. • Low harmonic distortion and wide signal-to-noise ratio to 16 bit resolution. • Digitally programmable corner frequency allows selecting cut-off frequencies specific to each application. • Plug-in ready-to-use, reducing engineering design and manufacturing cycle time. • Factory-set tuning range, no external clocks or adjustments needed • Broad range of transfer characteristics and corner frequencies to meet a wide range of applications. Applications • Anti-alias filtering • Data acquisition systems • Communication systems and electronics • Medical electronics equipment and research • Aerospace, navigation and sonar applications • Sound and vibration testing • Real and compressed time data analysis • Noise elimination • Signal reconstruction Programmable Specifications:. . . . . . . . . . . . . Page Digital Tuning & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Available Low-Pass Models: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D828L8B 8-pole Butterworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D828L8E 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.77 (-80dB) . . . 3 D828L8EX 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.56 (-80dB) . . . 3 D828L8EY 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 2.00 (-100dB) . . 3 D828L8L 8-pole Bessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 D828L8D60 8-pole constant delay (-60dB). . . . . . . 4 D828L8D80 8-pole constant delay (-80dB). . . . . . . 4 D828L8D10 8-pole constant delay (-100dB) . . . . . . 4 Available High-Pass Models: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D828H8B 8-pole Butterworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 D828H8E 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.77 (-80dB) . . . 5 D828H8EX 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.56 (-80dB) . . . 5 D828H8EY 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 2.00 (-100dB) . . . 5 General Specifications: Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pin-out/package data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com D828 Series Digital Tuning & Control Characteristics 8-Bit Programmable Filters Digital Tuning Characteristics Pin-Out Key The digital tuning interface circuits are a parallel set of eight (8) 4053 CMOS switches which accept CMOS compatible inputs for the eight tuning bits (D0 - D7). IN OUT GND +Vs -Vs Os Filter tuning follows the tuning equation given below: 7 6 5 4 fc = ( fmax/256 ) [ 1 + D7 x 2 + D6 x 2 + D5 x 2 + D4 x 2 + 3 2 1 Analog Input Signal Analog Output Signal Power and Signal Return Supply Voltage, Positive Supply Voltage, Negative Offset Adjustment D7 Tuning D6 Tuning D5 Tuning D4 Tuning D3 Tuning D2 Tuning D1 Tuning D0 Tuning 0 D3 x 2 + D2 x 2 + D1 x 2 + D0 x 2 ] where D1 - D7 = "0" or "1", and fmax = Maximum tuning frequency; fc = corner frequency; Minimum tunable frequency = fmax/256 (D0 thru D7 = 0); Minimum frequency step (Resolution) = fmax/256 Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit 7 (MSB) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (LSB) OUT +Vs -Vs D7 D6 D5 D4 Data Input Specifications Input Data Levels GND 2.00 D3 (CMOS Logic) D2 Input Voltage (Vs = 15 Vdc) Low Level In 0 Vdc min. High Level In 11 Vdc min. 4 Vdc max. 15 Vdc max. Input Current High Level In Low Level In - 10 µA typ. -5 +10 µA typ. -1 µA max.. +1 µA max. Input Capacitance 5 pF typ 7.5 pF max. Input Data Format Frequency Select Bits Positive Logic Logic "1" = +Vs Logic "0" = Gnd Bit Weighting D0 D7 (Binary-Coded) LSB (least significant bit) MSB (most significant bit) Frequency Range 256 : 1, Binary Weighted -5 D1 D0 +IN -IN Os MSB 7 --6 --5 4 --4 --3 --2 --1 LSB 0 Bit Weight 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fmax/256 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 fmax/128 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 fmax/64 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 fmax/32 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 fmax/16 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 fmax/8 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 fmax/4 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fmax/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fmax 2 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com fc Corner Frequency D828 Series 8-Pole Low-Pass Filters 8-Bit Programmable Model D828L8B D828L8E D828L8EX D828L8EY Transfer Function 8-Pole Butterworth 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic Size 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” Range fc, fr 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 9 Appendix A Page 24 Appendix A Page 23 Appendix A Page 25 Passband Ripple 0.0 dB ± 0.035 dB - 0.05 dB - 0.05 dB 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. Stopband Attenuation Rate 48 dB/octave 80 dB min. 80 dB min. 100 dB min. Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase fc ± 0.01% /°c -3 dB -360° Filter Attenuation 0.12 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB Product Specifications (theoretical) DC Voltage Gain (non-inverting) (theoretical) Phase Match1 ± 2% max. 0.80 fc 1.00 fc 2.37 fc 3.16 fc 0 - 0.8 fc fr ± 0.01% /°c -0.035 dB -323.5° ± 2% max. 0.035 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 1.00 fr 1.13 fr 1.67 fr 1.77 fr fr ± 0.01% /°c -0.05dB -414° ± 2% max. 0.05 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 1.00 fr 1.05 fr 1.45 fr 1.56 fr fr ± 0.01% /°c -0.05 dB -419° ± 2% max. 0.05 dB 3.01 dB 80.0 dB 100.0 dB 1.00 fr 1.06 fr 1.83 fr 2.00 fr ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc ± 3° max. ± 1.5° typ. 0 - 0.8 fr ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr ± 4° max. ± 2° typ. 0 - 0.8 fr ± 3° max. ± 1.5° typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr ± 4° max. ± 2° typ. 0 - 0.8 fr ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc ± 0.3 dB max. ± 0.15 dB typ. 0 - 0.8 fr ± .2 dB max. ± .1 dB typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr ± .3 dB max. ± .15 dB typ. 0 - 0.8 fr ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.25 dB typ. 0 - 0.8 fr Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz < - 100 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. Wide Band Noise 200 µVrms typ. 200 µVrms typ. 250 µVrms typ. 250 µVrms typ. 50 µVrms typ. 50 µVrms typ. 75 µVrms typ. 75 µVrms typ. Amplitude Accuracy (theoretical) 0 - 0.8 fc 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr (5 Hz - 2 MHz) Narrow Band Noise (5 Hz - 100 kHz) 1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot. 3 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com ± 3° max. ± 1.5° typ. ± 4° max. ± 2° typ. ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.25 dB typ. D828 Series 8-Pole Low-Pass Filters 8-Bit Programmable Model D828L8L D828L8D60 D828L8D80 D828L8D10 Transfer Function 8-Pole Bessel 8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay 8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay 8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay Size 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” Range fc 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 4 Appendix A Page 20 Appendix A Page 21 Appendix A Page 22 Passband Ripple 0.0 dB 0.15 dB 0.15 dB 0.15 dB 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. 0 ± 0.1 dB max. 0 ± 0.05 dB typ. Stopband Attenuation Rate 48 dB/octave 60 dB min. 80 dB min. 100 dB min. Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase fc ± 0.01% /°c -3 dB -182° Filter Attenuation 1.91 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB Product Specifications (theoretical) DC Voltage Gain (non-inverting) (theoretical) ± 2% max. 0.80 fc 1.00 fc 4.52 fc 6.07 fc fc ± 0.01% /°c -3 dB -306° 3.01 dB 40.0 dB 60.0 dB Phase Match1 0 - fc ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. 0 - fc Amplitude Accuracy 0 - fc ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. 0 - 0.8 fc (theoretical) ± 2% max. 1.00 fc 2.28 fc 2.64 fc ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. fc ± 0.01% /°c -3 dB -306° ± 2% max. 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 0 - fc 1.00 fc 3.08 fc 3.57 fc ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. fc ± 0.01% /°c -3 dB -311° ± 2% max. 3.01 dB 80.0 dB 100.0 dB 1.00 fc 4.45 fc 5.20 fc 0 - fc ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. ± 0.3 dB max. ± 0.15 dB typ. ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc ± 0.3 dB max. ± 0.15 dB typ. 0 - 0.8 fc ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc ± 0.3 dB max. ± 0.15 dB typ. 0 - 0.8 fc 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz < - 100 dB typ. < - 100 dB typ. < - 100 dB typ. < - 100 dB typ. Wide Band Noise 200 µVrms typ. 200 µVrms typ. 200 µVrms typ. 200 µVrms typ. 50 µVrms typ. 50 µVrms typ. 50 µVrms typ. 50 µVrms typ. (5 Hz - 2 MHz) Narrow Band Noise (5 Hz - 100 kHz) 1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot. 4 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com D828 Series 8-Pole High-Pass Filters 8-Bit Programmable Model D828H8B D828H8E D828H8EX D828H8EY Transfer Function 8-Pole Butterworth 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic Size 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” 2.0” x 2.0” x 0.5” Range fc, fr 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Appendix A Page 29 Appendix A Page 37 Appendix A Page 36 Appendix A Page 38 Passband Ripple 0.0 dB ± 0.035 dB - 0.05 dB - 0.05 dB 0 ± 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 120 kHz 0 ± 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 120 kHz 0 ± 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 120 kHz 0 ± 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 ± 0.5 dB to 120 kHz Power Bandwidth 120 kHz 120 kHz 120 kHz 120 kHz Small Signal Bandwidth (-6 dB) 1 MHz (-6 dB) 1 MHz (-6 dB) 1 MHz (-6 dB) 1 MHz Stopband Attenuation Rate 48 dB/octave 80 dB 80 dB 100 dB Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase fc ± 0.01% /°c -3 dB -360° Filter Attenuation 80 dB 60.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.00 dB Product Specifications (theoretical) Voltage Gain (non-inverting) (theoretical) ± 2% max. 0.31 fc 0.42 fc 1.00 fc 2.00 fc Phase Match1 fc - 100 kHz ± 3° max. ± 1.5° typ. Amplitude Accuracy fc-1.25 fc (theoretical) fr ± 0.01% /°c -0.035 dB -323.5° ± 2% max. 80 dB 60.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.03 dB 0.00 dB 0.56 fr 0.60 fr 0.88 fr 1.00 fr 2.00 fr fr - 1.25 fr ± 4° max. ± 2° typ. 1.25 fr-100 kHz ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. ± 0.3 dB max. fr-1.25 fr ± 0.15 dB typ. 1.25 fc-100kHz± 0.2 dB max. 1.25 fr-100 kHz ± 0.1 dB typ. fr ± 0.01% /°c -0.05dB -414° ± 2% max. 80 dB 60.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.03 dB 0.00 dB 0.64 fr 0.69 fr 0.95 fr 1.00 fr 2.00 fr fr - 1.25 fr ± 4° max. ± 2° typ. 1.25fr -100 kHz ± 2° max. ± 1° typ. fr ± 0.01% /°c -0.05 dB -419° ± 2% max. 100 dB 80.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.03 dB 0.00 dB 0.50 fr 0.55 fr 0.94 fr 1.00 fr 2.00 fr fr - 1.25 fr ± 4° max. ± 2° typ. 1.25 fr-100 kHz ± 3° max. ± 1.5° typ. ± 0.3 dB max. fr -1.25 fr ± 0.15 dB typ. ± 0.2 dB max. 1.25 fr-100 kHz ± 0.1 dB typ. ± 0.5 dB max. fr -1.25 fr ± 0.25 dB typ. ± 0.2 dB max. 1.25 fr-100 kHz ± 0.1 dB typ. ± 0.5 dB max. ± 0.25 dB typ. ± 0.2 dB max. ± 0.1 dB typ. Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz < - 100 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. Wide Band Noise 400 µVrms typ. 400 µVrms typ. 500 µVrms typ. 500 µVrms typ. 100 µVrms typ. 100 µVrms typ. 150 µVrms typ. 150 µVrms typ. (5 Hz - 2 MHz) Narrow Band Noise (5 Hz - 100 kHz) 1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot. 5 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com D828 Series Pin-Out and Package Data Ordering Information Specification (25°C and Vs ± 15 Vdc) Analog Input Characteristics1 Impedance Voltage Range Max. Safe Voltage Analog Output Characteristics Impedance (Closed Loop) Linear Operating Range 2 Maximum Current 3 Offset Voltage Offset Temp. Coeff. Power Supply (±Vs) Rated Voltage Operating Range Maximum Safe Voltage Quiescent Current 8 Pole Pin-Out & Package Data 10 k Ω min. ± 10 Vpeak ±Vs 2.00 G-5 0.5 11 Ω typ. 10 Ω max. ±10V ±2 mA 22 mV typ. 20 mV max. 50 µV/°C 0.15 min. 0.025 Dia. Side View All dimensions are in inches All Case Dimensions ± 0.02" Grid Dimensions 0.1" x 0.1" OUT OUT +Vs +Vs -Vs -Vs D7D ±15 Vdc ±12 to ±18 Vdc ±18 Vdc D6 7 D6 D5 D5 D4 D4 GND 2.00 GND 2.00 ±25 mA typ. ±40 mA max. D3 D3 D2 D D1 2 Temperature Operating Storage D D0 1 -20 to +70°C -25 to +85°C D0 IN Os 4 +IN -IN Os Notes: 4 Bottom View 1. Input and output signal voltage referenced to supply common. Bottom View 2. Output is short circuit protected to common. Filter Mounting Assembly-See FMA-02A DO NOT CONNECT TO ±Vs. 3. Adjustable to zero. Ordering Information 4. Units operate with or without offset pin connected. DC Offset Adjustment ± Vs Filter Type L - Low Pass H - High Pass Do not connect if trim is not required. 20 k Ω (Cermet) D828L8E-3 OS Transfer Function B - Butterworth L - Bessel D60 - constant delay (-60 dB) D80 - constant delay (-80 dB) D10 - constant delay (-100 dB) E - elliptic 1.77 (-80 dB) EX- elliptic 1.56 (-80dB) EY - elliptic 2.00 (-100 dB) Model Number e.g.,Model Tuning Minimum Number Range (Hz) Step(Hz) 2 1.0 to 256 1.0 3 10 to 2560 10 4 100 to 25.6k 100 5 200 to 51.2k 200 6 400 to 102.4k 400 - Vs Case G-5 G-5 G-5 G-5 G-5 We hope the information given here will be helpful. The information is based on data and our best knowledge, and we consider the information to be true and accurate. Please read all statements, recommendations or suggestions herein in conjunction with our conditions of sale which apply to all goods supplied by us. We assume no responsibility for the use of these statements, recommendations or suggestions, nor do we intend them as a recommendation for any use which would infringe any patent or copyright. IN-00D828-00 6 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] • Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 8-Pole Bessel Appendix A Low-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .506 0.10 -0.029 -18.2 .506 0.20 -0.117 -36.4 .506 0.30 -0.264 -54.7 .506 0.40 -0.470 -72.9 .506 0.50 -0.737 -91.1 .506 0.60 -1.06 -109 .506 0.70 -1.45 -128 .506 0.80 -1.91 -146 .506 0.85 -2.16 -155 .506 0.90 -2.42 -164 .506 0.95 -2.71 -173 .506 1.00 -3.01 -182 .506 -3.67 1.10 -200 .506 -4.40 1.20 -219 .506 -5.20 1.30 -237 .506 1.40 -6.10 -255 .505 1.50 -7.08 -273 .504 1.60 -8.16 -291 .502 1.70 -9.36 -309 .498 1.80 -10.7 -327 .492 1.90 -12.1 -345 .482 2.00 -13.7 -362 .468 2.25 -18.1 -402 .417 2.50 -23.1 -436 .352 2.75 -28.3 -465 .291 3.00 -33.4 -489 .241 3.25 -38.3 -509 .201 3.50 -43.1 -526 .170 4.00 -51.8 -552 .126 5.00 -66.8 -587 .077 6.00 -79.2 -610 .052 7.00 -89.8 -626 .038 8.00 -99.0 -638 .029 9.00 -107 -647 .023 10.0 -114 -655 .018 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -60 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz -40 -80 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -20 7 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 Low-Pass 8-Pole Appendix A Butterworth Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .816 0.10 0.00 -29.4 .819 0.20 0.00 -59.0 .828 0.30 0.00 -89.1 .843 0.40 0.00 -120 .867 0.50 0.00 -152 .903 0.60 -0.001 -185 .956 0.70 -0.014 -221 1.04 0.80 -0.121 -261 1.19 0.85 -0.311 -283 1.29 0.90 -0.738 -307 1.40 0.95 -1.58 -333 1.48 1.00 -3.01 -360 1.46 1.10 -7.48 -408 1.17 1.20 -12.9 -445 .873 1.30 -18.2 -472 .672 1.40 -494 .540 -23.4 1.50 -511 .448 -28.2 1.60 -526 .380 -32.7 1.70 -539 .328 -36.9 1.80 -550 .287 -40.8 1.90 -44.6 -560 .253 2.00 -48.2 -568 .226 2.25 -56.3 -586 .174 2.50 -63.7 -600 .139 2.75 -70.3 -611 .113 3.00 -76.3 -621 .094 3.25 -81.9 -629 .080 3.50 -87.1 -635 .069 4.00 -96.3 -646 .052 5.00 -112 -661 .033 6.00 -125 -671 .023 7.00 -135 -678 .017 8.00 -144 -683 .013 9.00 -153 -687 .010 10.0 -160 -691 .008 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 67 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (sec) 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 10.0 Delay (Normalized) 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -20 8 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Constant Delay Appendix A Low-Pass (60 dB) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .776 0.005 -28.0 0.10 .776 0.012 -55.9 0.20 .776 0.005 -83.9 0.30 .776 -0.042 -112 0.40 .776 -0.161 -140 .776 0.50 -0.384 -168 .776 0.60 -0.745 -196 .776 0.70 -1.28 -224 .776 0.80 -1.62 -238 .776 0.85 -252 -2.02 .776 0.90 -265 -2.48 .775 0.95 -279 -3.01 .773 1.00 -307 -4.29 .766 1.10 -334 -5.91 .749 1.20 -10.3 -386 .675 1.40 -15.9 -431 .558 1.60 -22.4 -467 .443 1.80 -29.4 -495 .351 2.00 -39.0 -523 .268 2.25 2.50 -50.5 -544 .212 2.75 -78.0 -561 .171 3.00 -63.7 -395 .142 3.25 -63.5 -407 .119 3.50 -66.9 -417 .102 3.75 -425 .088 -74.7 4.00 -253 .077 -85.0 4.25 -259 .068 -72.0 4.50 -265 .060 -67.9 4.75 -270 .054 -65.8 5.00 -64.6 -275 .048 5.25 -63.9 -279 .044 5.50 -63.5 -283 .040 5.75 -63.3 -286 .036 6.00 -63.2 -289 .033 6.50 -63.3 -295 .028 7.00 -63.7 -299 .024 8.00 -64.7 -307 .019 9.00 -66.0 -313 .015 10.0 -67.3 -318 .012 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -60 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz -40 -80 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -20 9 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Constant Delay Appendix A Low-Pass (80 dB) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 .852 0.00 0.017 -30.7 .852 0.10 0.058 -61.3 .852 0.20 0.099 -92.0 .852 0.30 0.105 -123 .852 0.40 0.034 -153 .852 0.50 -0.157 -184 .852 0.60 -0.510 -215 .852 0.70 -1.07 -245 .851 0.80 -1.44 -261 .850 0.85 -1.89 -276 .849 0.90 -2.41 -291 .846 0.95 -3.01 -306 .841 1.00 -4.50 -336 .821 1.10 -6.39 -365 .783 1.20 -11.3 -417 .656 1.40 -17.1 -459 .512 1.60 -23.2 -492 .396 1.80 -29.1 -517 .312 2.00 -36.3 -542 .239 2.25 2.50 -43.4 -561 .189 2.75 -50.3 -576 .153 3.00 -57.6 -589 .127 3.25 -62.5 -599 .107 3.50 -75.4 -608 .092 3.75 -98.3 -616 .079 4.00 -86.3 -442 .069 4.25 -84.1 -448 .061 4.50 -85.1 -454 .054 4.75 -87.9 -458 .049 5.00 -92.8 -462 .044 5.25 -104 -466 .040 5.50 -101 -289 .036 5.75 -93.3 -293 .033 6.00 -89.9 -295 .030 -86.6 -300 .026 6.50 -85.1 -305 .022 7.00 -84.1 -312 .017 8.00 -84.3 -317 .013 9.00 -84.9 -321 .011 10.0 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -60 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz -40 -80 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -20 10 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Constant Delay Appendix A Low-Pass (100 dB) Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .865 0.10 0.015 -31.1 .865 .865 0.20 0.051 -62.3 .865 0.30 0.085 -93.4 .865 0.40 0.085 -125 0.50 0.010 -156 .865 0.60 -0.182 -187 .865 0.70 -0.532 -218 .865 0.80 -1.09 -249 .864 0.85 -1.45 -265 .863 0.90 -1.89 -280 .861 0.95 -2.41 -296 .857 1.00 -3.01 -311 .851 1.10 -4.50 -341 .828 1.20 -6.38 -370 .785 1.40 -11.2 -422 .650 1.60 -16.8 -464 .504 1.80 -22.5 -496 .389 2.00 -28.0 -520 .306 2.25 -34.5 -544 .235 2.50 -40.5 -563 .186 2.75 -46.1 -578 .151 3.00 -51.4 -591 .125 3.50 -61.5 -610 .090 4.00 -71.2 -624 .068 4.50 -81.3 -635 .054 5.00 -93.4 -643 .043 5.50 -142 -651 .036 6.00 -105 -476 .030 6.20 -105 -478 .028 6.50 -106 -481 .025 7.00 -110 -486 .022 8.00 -122 -312 .017 9.00 -109 -318 .013 10.0 -106 -322 .011 12.0 -105 -328 .007 14.0 -106 -333 .005 16.0 -107 -336 .004 18.0 -108 -339 .003 20.0 -109 -341 .003 Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -80 -120 0.1 2 3 4 5 678 2 3 4 5 67 1.0 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz -60 -100 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = -40 11 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.56 Appendix A Low-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.823 0.10 -0.001 -29.7 0.829 0.20 -0.013 -59.8 0.844 0.30 -0.040 -90.5 0.865 0.40 -0.049 -122 0.904 -0.018 -156 0.972 0.50 -0.003 -174 1.016 0.55 -0.002 -192 1.064 0.60 -0.019 -212 1.116 0.65 -0.042 -233 1.178 0.70 -255 0.75 -0.049 1.264 -279 0.80 -0.026 1.388 -305 0.85 -0.001 1.557 -335 0.90 -0.024 1.767 -369 0.95 -0.045 2.111 1.00 -0.050 -414 3.062 1.10 -10.48 -531 2.043 1.20 -25.96 -576 0.814 1.30 -39.45 -598 0.493 1.40 -52.87 -614 0.348 -69.11 -624 0.265 1.50 -89.09 -453 0.211 1.60 -85.32 -459 0.174 1.70 -89.95 -463 0.156 1.75 -103.5 -465 0.147 1.80 1.85 -95.94 -288 0.158 1.90 -89.31 -290 0.126 1.95 -86.44 -292 0.117 2.00 -84.96 -295 0.110 2.20 -84.54 -302 0.087 2.40 -88.65 -307 0.069 2.60 -99.78 -311 0.057 2.80 -99.97 -135 0.048 3.00 -90.20 -139 0.041 3.50 -85.09 -145 0.029 4.00 -84.04 -150 0.022 5.00 -84.76 -156 0.014 6.00 -86.45 -160 0.009 7.00 -88.31 -163 0.007 8.00 -90.11 -165 0.005 9.00 -91.82 -167 0.004 10.0 -93.41 -168 0.003 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 2 3 4 5 67 1.0 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 4.0 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 12 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A Low-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.713 0.10 -0.004 -25.7 0.716 0.20 -0.014 -51.6 0.724 0.30 -0.024 -77.9 0.740 0.40 -0.020 -105 0.767 0.50 0.007 -133 0.811 0.55 0.022 -148 0.840 0.60 0.033 -163 0.872 0.65 0.031 -179 0.908 0.70 0.014 -196 0.946 0.75 -0.015 -213 0.989 0.80 -0.041 -232 1.04 0.85 -0.046 -251 1.12 0.90 -0.016 -272 1.23 0.95 -0.025 -296 1.40 1.00 -0.035 -323 1.65 1.10 -1.76 -392 2.14 1.20 -8.28 -467 1.86 1.30 -18.4 -522 1.19 1.40 -29.3 -558 0.753 1.50 -40.1 -578 0.517 1.60 -51.5 -594 0.381 1.70 -65.2 -606 0.296 1.75 -75.0 -611 0.265 1.80 -113.0 -616 0.239 1.85 -83.6 -440 0.217 1.90 -82.0 -444 0.198 1.95 -83.7 -447 0.182 2.00 -87.8 -450 0.168 2.20 -85.8 -280 0.126 2.40 -82.0 -289 0.099 2.60 -83.5 -295 0.081 2.80 -88.2 -301 0.067 3.00 -99.9 -305 0.057 3.50 -87.2 -134 0.040 4.00 -83.1 -140 0.030 5.00 -82.1 -148 0.018 6.00 -83.1 -154 0.013 7.00 -84.6 -157 0.009 8.00 -86.2 -160 0.007 9.00 -87.8 -163 0.005 10.0 -89.3 -164 0.004 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 4.0 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 13 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 2.00 Appendix A Low-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.885 0.10 -0.001 -31.9 0.891 0.20 -0.015 -64.2 0.903 0.30 -0.040 -97.0 0.922 0.40 -0.042 -131 0.958 0.50 -0.001 -166 1.020 0.55 0.000 -185 1.057 0.60 -0.007 -204 1.099 0.65 -0.027 -225 1.140 0.70 -0.045 -245 1.193 0.75 -0.040 -268 1.269 0.80 -0.014 -291 1.377 0.85 -0.001 -317 1.513 0.90 -0.031 -346 1.677 0.95 -0.036 -378 1.960 1.00 -0.046 -419 2.681 1.10 -7.910 -525 2.127 1.20 -21.06 -573 0.856 1.30 -31.96 -597 0.509 1.40 -41.51 -612 0.357 1.50 -50.35 -623 0.271 1.60 -58.90 -632 0.216 1.70 -67.54 -639 0.177 1.75 -72.04 -642 0.162 1.80 -76.79 -645 0.149 1.85 -81.93 -647 0.138 1.90 -87.78 -650 0.128 1.95 -95.04 -652 0.119 2.00 -106.6 -654 0.111 2.20 -106.0 -481 0.087 2.40 -121.3 -307 0.070 2.60 -106.5 -311 0.058 2.80 -105.0 -315 0.049 3.00 -106.4 -318 0.042 3.50 -123.6 -325 0.030 4.00 -111.5 -149 0.022 5.00 -105.4 -156 0.014 6.00 -105.1 -160 0.010 7.00 -106.0 -163 0.007 8.00 -107.3 -165 0.005 9.00 -108.6 -167 0.004 10.0 -110.0 -168 0.003 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) Delay (Normalized) Delay (sec) 4.0 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.15 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec) Step Response (V/V) Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 14 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 5 High-Pass 8-Pole Appendix A Butterworth Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -160 691 0.819 0.20 -112 661 0.828 0.30 -83.7 631 0.843 0.40 -63.7 600 0.867 0.50 -48.2 568 0.903 0.60 -35.5 535 .956 499 0.70 -24.8 1.04 459 0.80 -15.6 1.19 437 0.85 -11.6 1.29 413 0.90 -8.06 1.40 0.95 -5.15 386 1.48 360 1.00 -3.01 1.46 275 1.20 -0.229 0.873 226 1.40 -0.020 0.540 -0.002 194 1.60 0.380 170 1.80 0.00 0.287 152 0.00 2.00 0.226 0.139 120 0.00 2.50 0.00 99.2 0.094 3.00 0.052 0.00 74.0 4.00 5.00 0.00 59.0 0.033 49.0 0.023 6.00 0.00 0.00 42.1 0.017 7.00 0.00 36.8 0.013 8.00 0.00 32.7 0.010 9.00 10.0 0.00 29.4 0.008 Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz 15 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.56 Appendix A High-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -93.4 168 0.334 -84.8 0.20 156 0.344 143 -86.0 0.30 0.363 0.392 310 -92.6 0.40 0.439 295 -85.0 0.50 -114 287 0.472 0.55 -84.1 458 0.515 0.60 -57.0 617 0.652 0.70 -32.8 589 0.962 0.80 -22.6 569 1.325 0.85 0.90 -12.3 538 2.198 3.993 0.95 -3.08 483 3.062 1.00 -0.05 414 1.498 1.10 -0.03 341 -0.01 1.039 1.20 296 264 1.30 -0.04 0.773 239 1.40 -0.05 0.612 1.50 219 -0.03 0.505 1.60 202 -0.01 0.426 188 1.70 0.00 0.364 1.80 0.00 176 0.315 -0.01 165 1.90 0.275 2.00 156 -0.02 0.243 2.50 122 -0.05 0.145 0.097 3.00 101 -0.05 4.00 -0.03 75.1 0.053 -0.01 0.034 5.00 59.8 -0.01 0.023 6.00 49.7 7.00 0.017 0.00 42.5 8.00 0.013 0.00 37.2 9.00 0.00 33.0 0.010 10.0 0.00 29.7 0.008 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 16 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A High-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -89.3 164 0.440 0.20 -82.1 148 0.459 0.30 -90.6 131 0.495 292 0.40 -82.4 0.559 -87.8 450 0.50 0.671 0.55 -90.0 0.761 437 -60.2 0.60 0.890 603 -32.4 0.70 1.37 563 -13.1 0.80 2.35 498 -6.28 0.85 2.77 451 0.90 -2.21 401 2.66 358 0.95 -0.51 2.15 324 1.00 -0.03 1.64 277 1.10 -0.01 1.04 225 1.20 -0.05 0.757 1.30 -0.03 221 0.596 1.40 0.01 201 0.486 1.50 0.03 185 0.409 1.60 0.03 172 0.347 1.70 0.03 160 0.299 1.80 0.02 150 0.260 1.90 0.01 141 0.229 2.00 0.01 133 0.203 2.50 -0.02 105 0.123 3.00 -0.02 86.9 0.083 4.00 -0.02 64.7 0.046 5.00 -0.01 51.6 0.029 6.00 -0.01 42.9 0.020 -0.01 0.015 7.00 36.8 -0.01 0.011 8.00 32.1 9.00 -0.01 28.6 0.009 10.0 0.00 25.7 0.007 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz Frequency Response Amp (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1 17 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 67 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com 10.0 8-Pole, 6-Zero Elliptic, 2.00 Appendix A High-Pass Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -110 168 0.338 -105 0.20 156 0.348 -114 0.30 323 0.367 309 -110 0.40 0.397 654 -107 0.50 0.445 0.55 -78.6 646 0.480 0.524 0.60 -64.6 637 0.669 0.70 -44.1 615 1.001 0.80 -26.7 586 1.401 0.85 -18.2 565 0.90 -9.46 533 2.315 0.95 -2.16 478 3.604 1.00 -0.046 419 2.681 1.416 1.10 -0.038 352 1.018 1.20 -0.001 308 1.30 -0.032 277 0.773 1.40 -0.046 252 0.618 1.50 -0.034 231 0.514 1.60 -0.016 214 0.436 1.70 -0.004 200 0.376 1.80 0.000 187 0.328 1.90 -0.003 176 0.288 2.00 166 -0.010 0.255 131 2.50 -0.042 0.153 108 3.00 -0.045 0.103 4.00 -0.028 80.6 0.057 64.2 5.00 -0.015 0.036 53.4 6.00 -0.008 0.025 45.7 7.00 -0.005 0.018 40.0 8.00 -0.003 0.014 9.00 -0.002 35.5 0.011 31.9 10.0 -0.001 0.009 1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 0.1 18 2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc) 1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 • Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 • FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: [email protected] Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com