TI1 CC110LRTKR Value line transceiver Datasheet

CC110L
Value Line Transceiver
Applications
Ultra low-power wireless applications
operating in the 315/433/868/915 MHz
ISM/SRD bands
Wireless alarm and security systems
Industrial monitoring and control
Remote Controls
Toys
Home and building automation
Key Features
RF Performance
Improved Range using CC1190
Programmable output power up to +12dBm
Receive sensitivity down to −116 dBm at
0.6 kbps
Programmable data rate from 0.6 to
600 kbps
Frequency bands: 300 - 348 MHz,
387 - 464 MHz, and 779 - 928 MHz
2-FSK, 4-FSK, GFSK, and OOK supported
Digital Features
Flexible support for packet oriented
systems;
On-chip support for sync word detection,
flexible packet length, and automatic CRC
calculation
Low-Power Features
200 nA sleep mode current consumption
Fast start-up time; 240 μs from sleep to RX
or TX mode
64-byte RX and TX FIFO
The CC1190 [13] is a range extender for
850 - 950 MHz and is an ideal fit for CC110L
to enhance RF performance
High sensitivity
o –118 dBm at 1.2 kBaud, 868 MHz,
1% packet error rate
o –120 dBm at 1.2 kBaud, 915 MHz,
1% packet error rate
+20 dBm output power at 868 MHz
+26 dBm output power at 915 MHz
General
Few external components; Completely onchip frequency synthesizer, no external
filters or RF switch needed
Green package: RoHS compliant and no
antimony or bromine
Small size (QLP 4x4 mm package, 20 pins)
Suited for systems targeting compliance
with EN 300 220 V2.3.1 (Europe) and FCC
CFR Part 15 (US)
Support
for
asynchronous
and
synchronous serial transmit mode for
backwards compatibility with existing radio
communication protocols
Product Description
The CC110L is a cost optimized sub-1 GHz RF
transceiver for the 300 - 348 MHz,
387 - 464 MHz, and 779 - 928 MHz frequency
bands. The circuit is based on the popular
CC1101 RF transceiver, and RF performance
characteristics are identical. Two CC110L
transceivers together enable a low cost
bidirectional RF link.
be controlled via an SPI interface. In a typical
system, the CC110L will be used together with a
microcontroller and a few additional passive
components.
The RF transceiver is integrated with a highly
configurable baseband modem. The modem
supports various modulation formats and has
a configurable data rate up to 600 kbps.
CC110L provides extensive hardware support for
packet handling, data buffering and burst
transmissions.
The main operating parameters and the 64byte receive and transmit FIFOs of CC110L can
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This product shall not be used in any of the following products or systems without prior
express written permission from Texas Instruments:
implantable cardiac rhythm management systems, including without limitation pacemakers,
defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization devices,
external cardiac rhythm management systems that communicate directly with one or more
implantable medical devices; or
other devices used to monitor or treat cardiac function, including without limitation pressure
sensors, biochemical sensors and neurostimulators.
Please contact [email protected] if your application might fall within the
category described above.
Page 1 of 76
CC110L
Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in this data sheet are described below.
2-FSK
ADC
AFC
AGC
AMR
BER
BT
CCA
CFR
CRC
CS
CW
DC
DVGA
ESR
FCC
FHSS
FS
GFSK
IF
I/Q
ISM
LC
LNA
LO
LSB
MCU
Binary Frequency Shift Keying
Analog to Digital Converter
Automatic Frequency Compensation
Automatic Gain Control
Automatic Meter Reading
Bit Error Rate
Bandwidth-Time product
Clear Channel Assessment
Code of Federal Regulations
Cyclic Redundancy Check
Carrier Sense
Continuous Wave (Unmodulated Carrier)
Direct Current
Digital Variable Gain Amplifier
Equivalent Series Resistance
Federal Communications Commission
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Frequency Synthesizer
Gaussian shaped Frequency Shift Keying
Intermediate Frequency
In-Phase/Quadrature
Industrial, Scientific, Medical
Inductor-Capacitor
Low Noise Amplifier
Local Oscillator
Least Significant Bit
Microcontroller Unit
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MSB
NRZ
OOK
PA
PCB
PD
PER
PLL
POR
PQI
PTAT
QLP
QPSK
RC
RF
RSSI
RX
SMD
SNR
SPI
SRD
T/R
TX
VCO
XOSC
XTAL
Most Significant Bit
Non Return to Zero (Coding)
On-Off Keying
Power Amplifier
Printed Circuit Board
Power Down
Packet Error Rate
Phase Locked Loop
Power-On Reset
Preamble Quality Indicator
Proportional To Absolute Temperature
Quad Leadless Package
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Resistor-Capacitor
Radio Frequency
Received Signal Strength Indicator
Receive, Receive Mode
Surface Mount Device
Signal to Noise Ratio
Serial Peripheral Interface
Short Range Devices
Transmit/Receive
Transmit, Transmit Mode
Voltage Controlled Oscillator
Crystal Oscillator
Crystal
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CC110L
Table Of Contents
APPLICATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 1
KEY FEATURES ................................................................................................................................................. 1
RF PERFORMANCE .......................................................................................................................................... 1
DIGITAL FEATURES......................................................................................................................................... 1
LOW-POWER FEATURES ................................................................................................................................ 1
IMPROVED RANGE USING CC1190 .............................................................................................................. 1
GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 3
1
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ..................................................................................................... 5
2
OPERATING CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................. 5
3
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................... 5
4
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................................... 6
4.1
CURRENT CONSUMPTION ............................................................................................................................ 6
4.2
RF RECEIVE SECTION .................................................................................................................................. 9
4.3
RF TRANSMIT SECTION ............................................................................................................................. 12
4.4
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR .............................................................................................................................. 14
4.5
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................... 14
4.6
DC CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................................. 15
4.7
POWER-ON RESET ..................................................................................................................................... 15
5
PIN CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................ 15
6
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 17
7
APPLICATION CIRCUIT .................................................................................................................... 17
7.1
BIAS RESISTOR .......................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2
BALUN AND RF MATCHING ....................................................................................................................... 18
7.3
CRYSTAL ................................................................................................................................................... 19
7.4
REFERENCE SIGNAL .................................................................................................................................. 20
7.5
ADDITIONAL FILTERING ............................................................................................................................ 20
7.6
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING .................................................................................................................... 20
7.7
PCB LAYOUT RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................... 20
8
CONFIGURATION OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 21
9
CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE ........................................................................................................ 23
10
4-WIRE SERIAL CONFIGURATION AND DATA INTERFACE .................................................. 23
10.1 CHIP STATUS BYTE ................................................................................................................................... 25
10.2 REGISTER ACCESS ..................................................................................................................................... 25
10.3 SPI READ .................................................................................................................................................. 26
10.4 COMMAND STROBES ................................................................................................................................. 26
10.5 FIFO ACCESS ............................................................................................................................................ 26
10.6 PATABLE ACCESS ................................................................................................................................... 27
11
MICROCONTROLLER INTERFACE AND PIN CONFIGURATION .......................................... 28
11.1 CONFIGURATION INTERFACE ..................................................................................................................... 28
11.2 GENERAL CONTROL AND STATUS PINS ..................................................................................................... 28
12
DATA RATE PROGRAMMING.......................................................................................................... 28
13
RECEIVER CHANNEL FILTER BANDWIDTH .............................................................................. 29
14
DEMODULATOR, SYMBOL SYNCHRONIZER, AND DATA DECISION .................................. 29
14.1 FREQUENCY OFFSET COMPENSATION........................................................................................................ 29
14.2 BIT SYNCHRONIZATION ............................................................................................................................. 30
14.3 BYTE SYNCHRONIZATION .......................................................................................................................... 30
15
PACKET HANDLING HARDWARE SUPPORT .............................................................................. 30
15.1 PACKET FORMAT ....................................................................................................................................... 31
15.2 PACKET FILTERING IN RECEIVE MODE ...................................................................................................... 32
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CC110L
15.3
15.4
15.5
16
16.1
16.2
17
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
18
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
19
20
21
21.1
22
23
24
25
25.1
25.2
26
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
27
27.1
27.2
27.3
28
29
30
30.1
PACKET HANDLING IN TRANSMIT MODE ................................................................................................... 33
PACKET HANDLING IN RECEIVE MODE ..................................................................................................... 33
PACKET HANDLING IN FIRMWARE ............................................................................................................. 33
MODULATION FORMATS ................................................................................................................. 34
FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING ....................................................................................................................... 34
AMPLITUDE MODULATION ........................................................................................................................ 35
RECEIVED SIGNAL QUALIFIERS AND RSSI ................................................................................ 35
SYNC WORD QUALIFIER ............................................................................................................................ 35
RSSI .......................................................................................................................................................... 35
CARRIER SENSE (CS)................................................................................................................................. 37
CLEAR CHANNEL ASSESSMENT (CCA) ..................................................................................................... 38
RADIO CONTROL ................................................................................................................................ 39
POWER-ON START-UP SEQUENCE ............................................................................................................. 40
CRYSTAL CONTROL ................................................................................................................................... 40
VOLTAGE REGULATOR CONTROL.............................................................................................................. 41
ACTIVE MODES (RX AND TX)................................................................................................................... 41
RX TERMINATION ..................................................................................................................................... 41
TIMING ...................................................................................................................................................... 42
DATA FIFO ............................................................................................................................................ 43
FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING ........................................................................................................ 44
VCO ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
VCO AND PLL SELF-CALIBRATION .......................................................................................................... 44
VOLTAGE REGULATORS ................................................................................................................. 45
OUTPUT POWER PROGRAMMING ................................................................................................ 45
GENERAL PURPOSE / TEST OUTPUT CONTROL PINS ............................................................. 46
ASYNCHRONOUS AND SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL OPERATION .............................................. 48
ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL OPERATION ........................................................................................................ 48
SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL OPERATION .......................................................................................................... 49
SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS AND GUIDELINES ......................................................................... 49
SRD REGULATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 49
FREQUENCY HOPPING AND MULTI-CHANNEL SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 49
WIDEBAND MODULATION WHEN NOT USING SPREAD SPECTRUM ............................................................. 50
DATA BURST TRANSMISSIONS................................................................................................................... 50
CONTINUOUS TRANSMISSIONS .................................................................................................................. 50
INCREASING RANGE .................................................................................................................................. 50
CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ........................................................................................................ 51
CONFIGURATION REGISTER DETAILS - REGISTERS WITH PRESERVED VALUES IN SLEEP STATE ............... 56
CONFIGURATION REGISTER DETAILS - REGISTERS THAT LOOSE PROGRAMMING IN SLEEP STATE .......... 71
STATUS REGISTER DETAILS....................................................................................................................... 72
DEVELOPMENT KIT ORDERING INFORMATION ..................................................................... 74
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 75
GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 76
DOCUMENT HISTORY ................................................................................................................................ 76
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CC110L
1
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Under no circumstances must the absolute maximum ratings given in Table 1 be violated. Stress
exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device.
Parameter
Min
Max
Units
Supply voltage
–0.3
3.9
V
Voltage on any digital pin
–0.3
VDD + 0.3,
max 3.9
V
Voltage on the pins RF_P, RF_N,
DCOUPL, RBIAS
–0.3
2.0
V
Voltage ramp-up rate
120
kV/µs
Input RF level
+10
dBm
150
C
Solder reflow temperature
260
C
According to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020
ESD
750
V
According to JEDEC STD 22, method A114, Human
Body Model (HBM)
ESD
400
V
According to JEDEC STD 22, C101C, Charged Device
Model (CDM)
–50
Storage temperature range
Condition
All supply pins must have the same voltage
Table 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings
Caution! ESD sensitive device. Precaution should be
used when handling the device in order to prevent
permanent damage.
2
Operating Conditions
The operating conditions for CC110L are listed Table 2 in below.
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
Operating temperature
–40
85
C
Operating supply voltage
1.8
3.6
V
Condition
All supply pins must have the same voltage
Table 2: Operating Conditions
3
General Characteristics
Parameter
Min
Frequency
range
Data rate
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition/Note
300
348
MHz
387
464
MHz
779
928
MHz
0.6
500
kBaud
2-FSK
0.6
250
kBaud
GFSK and OOK
0.6
300
kBaud
4-FSK (the data rate in kbps will be twice the baud rate)
If using a 27 MHz crystal, the lower frequency limit for this
band is 392 MHz
Optional Manchester encoding (the data rate in kbps will
be half the baud rate)
Table 3: General Characteristics
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CC110L
4
Electrical Specifications
4.1
Current Consumption
TA = 25 C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else stated. All measurement results are obtained using [1] and [2]. Reduced current settings
(MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1) gives a slightly lower current consumption at the cost of a reduction in sensitivity. See Table
7 for additional details on current consumption and sensitivity.
Parameter
Current consumption
in power down modes
Current consumption
Current consumption,
315 MHz
Current consumption,
433 MHz
Min
Typ
0.2
Max Unit Condition
1
A
Voltage regulator to digital part off, register values retained (SLEEP state). All
GDO pins programmed to 0x2F (HW to 0)
100
A
Voltage regulator to digital part off, register values retained, XOSC running
(SLEEP state with MCSM0.OSC_FORCE_ON set)
165
A
Voltage regulator to digital part on, all other modules in power down (XOFF
state)
1.7
mA
Only voltage regulator to digital part and crystal oscillator running (IDLE state)
8.4
mA
Only the frequency synthesizer is running (FSTXON state). This currents
consumption is also representative for the other intermediate states when
going from IDLE to RX or TX, including the calibration state
15.4
mA
Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, reduced current, input at sensitivity limit
14.4
mA
Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input well above sensitivity limit
15.2
mA
Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input at sensitivity limit
14.3
mA
Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input well above sensitivity limit
16.5
mA
Receive mode, 250 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input at sensitivity limit
15.1
mA
Receive mode, 250 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input well above sensitivity limit
27.4
mA
Transmit mode, +10 dBm output power
15.0
mA
Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power
12.3
mA
Transmit mode, –6 dBm output power
16.0
mA
Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input at sensitivity limit
15.0
mA
Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input well above sensitivity limit
15.7
mA
Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input at sensitivity limit
15.0
mA
Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input well above sensitivity limit
17.1
mA
Receive mode, 250 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input at sensitivity limit
15.7
mA
Receive mode, 250 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced current,
input well above sensitivity limit
29.2
mA
Transmit mode, +10 dBm output power
16.0
mA
Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power
13.1
mA
Transmit mode, –6 dBm output power
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CC110L
Parameter
Current consumption,
868/915 MHz
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
15.7
mA
Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced
current, input at sensitivity limit.
See Figure 1 for current consumption with register settings
optimized for sensitivity.
14.7
mA
Receive mode, 1.2 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced
current, input well above sensitivity limit.
See Figure 1 for current consumption with register settings
optimized for sensitivity.
15.6
mA
Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced
current, input at sensitivity limit.
See Figure 1 for current consumption with register settings
optimized for sensitivity.
14.6
mA
Receive mode, 38.4 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced
current, input well above sensitivity limit.
See Figure 1 for current consumption with register settings
optimized for sensitivity.
16.9
mA
Receive mode, 250 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced
current, input at sensitivity limit.
See Figure 1 for current consumption with register settings
optimized for sensitivity.
15.6
mA
Receive mode, 250 kBaud, register settings optimized for reduced
current, input well above sensitivity limit.
See Figure 1 for current consumption with register settings
optimized for sensitivity.
34.2
mA
Transmit mode, +12 dBm output power, 868 MHz
30.0
mA
Transmit mode, +10 dBm output power, 868 MHz
16.8
mA
Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power, 868 MHz
16.4
mA
Transmit mode, –6 dBm output power, 868 MHz.
33.4
mA
Transmit mode, +11 dBm output power, 915 MHz
30.7
mA
Transmit mode, +10 dBm output power, 915 MHz
17.2
mA
Transmit mode, 0 dBm output power, 915 MHz
17.0
mA
Transmit mode, –6 dBm output power, 915 MHz
Table 4: Current Consumption
Supply Voltage
VDD = 1.8 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.0 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.6 V
Temperature [°C]
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
Current [mA], PATABLE=0xC0, +12 dBm
32.7
31.5
30.5
35.3
34.2
33.3
35.5
34.4
33.5
Current [mA], PATABLE=0xC5, +10 dBm
30.1
29.2
28.3
30.9
30.0
29.4
31.1
30.3
29.6
Current [mA], PATABLE=0x50, 0 dBm
16.4
16.0
15.6
17.3
16.8
16.4
17.6
17.1
16.7
Table 5: Typical TX Current Consumption over Temperature and Supply Voltage, 868 MHz
Supply Voltage
VDD = 1.8 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.0 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.6 V
Temperature [°C]
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
Current [mA], PATABLE=0xC0, +11 dBm
31.9
30.7
29.8
34.6
33.4
32.5
34.8
33.6
32.7
Current [mA], PATABLE=0xC3, +10 dBm
30.9
29.8
28.9
31.7
30.7
30.0
31.9
31.0
30.2
Current [mA], PATABLE=0x8E, 0 dBm
17.2
16.8
16.4
17.6
17.2
16.9
17.8
17.4
17.1
Table 6: Typical TX Current Consumption over Temperature and Supply Voltage, 915 MHz
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CC110L
17,8
Current [mA]
17,6
17,4
17,2
17
-40C
16,8
+85C
+25C
16,6
16,4
16,2
-110
-90
-70
-50
-30
-10
Input Power Level [dBm]
1.2 kBaud GFSK
17,8
Current [mA]
17,6
17,4
17,2
17,0
-40C
16,8
+85C
+25C
16,6
16,4
16,2
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
Input Power Level [dBm]
38.4 kBaud GFSK
19,5
Current [mA]
19
18,5
-40C
18
+25C
17,5
+85C
17
16,5
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
Input Power Level [dBm]
250 kBaud GFSK
Figure 1: Typical RX Current Consumption over Temperature and Input Power Level,
868/915 MHz, Sensitivity Optimized Setting
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CC110L
4.2
RF Receive Section
TA = 25 C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else stated. All measurement results are obtained using [1] and [2].
Parameter
Digital channel filter
bandwidth
Spurious emissions
Min
Typ
58
Max
Unit
Condition/Note
812
kHz
User programmable. The bandwidth limits are proportional to
crystal frequency (given values assume a 26.0 MHz crystal)
–68
–57
dBm
25 MHz - 1 GHz
(Maximum figure is the ETSI EN 300 220 V2.3.1 limit)
–66
–47
dBm
Above 1 GHz
(Maximum figure is the ETSI EN 300 220 V2.3.1 limit)
Typical radiated spurious emission is –49 dBm measured at the
VCO frequency
RX latency
9
bit
Serial operation. Time from start of reception until data is
available on the receiver data output pin is equal to 9 bit
315 MHz
1.2 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0
(2-FSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 5.2 kHz deviation, 58 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth)
Receiver sensitivity
–111
dBm
Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting
MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current
consumption is then reduced from 17.2 mA to 15.4 mA at the
sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to -109 dBm
433 MHz
1.2 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0
(GFSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 5.2 kHz deviation, 58 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth)
Receiver sensitivity
–112
dBm
Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting
MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current
consumption is then reduced from 18.0 mA to 16.0 mA at the
sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to –110 dBm
38.4 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0
(GFSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 20 kHz deviation, 100 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth)
Receiver sensitivity
–104
dBm
250 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0
(GFSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 127 kHz deviation, 540 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth)
Receiver sensitivity
–95
dBm
868/915 MHz
1.2 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0
(GFSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 5.2 kHz deviation, 58 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth)
Receiver sensitivity
–112
dBm
Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting
MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current
consumption is then reduced from 17.7 mA to 15.7 mA at
sensitivity limit. The sensitivity is typically reduced to –109 dBm
Saturation
–14
dBm
FIFOTHR.CLOSE_IN_RX=0. See more in DN010 [5]
Adjacent channel
rejection
±100 kHz offset
Image channel
rejection
Blocking
±2 MHz offset
±10 MHz offset
37
dB
31
dB
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit.
100 kHz channel spacing
See Figure 2 for selectivity performance at other offset
frequencies
IF frequency 152 kHz
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit
–50
–40
dBm
dBm
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit
See Figure 2 for blocking performance at other offset
frequencies
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CC110L
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition/Note
38.4 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0
(GFSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 20 kHz deviation, 100 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth)
Receiver sensitivity
–104
dBm
Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting
MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption
is then reduced from 17.7 mA to 15.6 mA at the sensitivity limit.
The sensitivity is typically reduced to -102 dBm
Saturation
–16
dBm
FIFOTHR.CLOSE_IN_RX=0. See more in DN010 [5]
Adjacent channel
rejection
–200 kHz offset
+200 kHz offset
12
25
dB
dB
Image channel rejection
23
dB
Blocking
±2 MHz offset
±10 MHz offset
–50
–40
dBm
dBm
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit.
200 kHz channel spacing
See Figure 3 for blocking performance at other offset frequencies
IF frequency 152 kHz
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit
See Figure 3 for blocking performance at other offset frequencies
250 kBaud data rate, sensitivity optimized, MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=0
(GFSK, 1% packet error rate, 20 bytes packet length, 127 kHz deviation, 540 kHz digital channel filter bandwidth)
Receiver sensitivity
–95
dBm
Sensitivity can be traded for current consumption by setting
MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1. The typical current consumption
is then reduced from 18.9 mA to 16.9 mA at the sensitivity limit.
The sensitivity is typically reduced to -91 dBm
Saturation
–17
dBm
FIFOTHR.CLOSE_IN_RX=0. See more in DN010 [5]
Adjacent channel
rejection
25
dB
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit.
750 kHz channel spacing
See Figure 4 for blocking performance at other offset frequencies
Image channel rejection
14
dB
IF frequency 304 kHz
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit
Blocking
±2 MHz offset
±10 MHz offset
-50
-40
dBm
dBm
Desired channel 3 dB above the sensitivity limit
See Figure 4 for blocking performance at other offset frequencies
Table 7: RF Receive Section
Supply Voltage
VDD = 1.8 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.0 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.6 V
Temperature [°C]
–40
25
85
–40
25
85
–40
25
85
Sensitivity [dBm] 1.2 kBaud
–113
–112
–110
–113
–112
–110
–113
–112
–110
Sensitivity [dBm] 38.4 kBaud
–105
–104
–102
–105
–104
–102
–105
–104
–102
Sensitivity [dBm] 250 kBaud
–97
–96
–92
–97
–95
–92
–97
–94
–92
Table 8: Typical Sensitivity over Temperature and Supply Voltage, 868 MHz,
Sensitivity Optimized Setting
Supply Voltage
VDD = 1.8 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.0 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.6 V
Temperature [°C]
–40
25
85
–40
25
85
–40
25
85
Sensitivity [dBm] 1.2 kBaud
–113
–112
–110
–113
–112
–110
–113
–112
–110
Sensitivity [dBm] 38.4 kBaud
–105
–104
–102
–104
–104
–102
–105
–104
–102
Sensitivity [dBm] 250 kBaud
–97
–94
–92
–97
–95
–92
–97
–95
–92
Table 9: Typical Sensitivity over Temperature and Supply Voltage, 915 MHz,
Sensitivity Optimized Setting
SWRS109
Page 10 of 76
CC110L
80
60
70
50
60
40
50
Selectivity [dB]
Blocking [dB]
40
30
20
10
30
20
10
0
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
0
-10
-1
-20
-0,9 -0,8 -0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
0,8
0,9
1
-10
Offset [MHz]
Offset [MHz]
Figure 2: Typical Selectivity at 1.2 kBaud Data Rate, 868.3 MHz, GFSK, 5.2 kHz Deviation.
IF Frequency is 152.3 kHz and the Digital Channel Filter Bandwidth is 58 kHz
70
50
60
40
50
30
Selectivity [dB]
Blocking [dB]
40
30
20
20
10
10
0
-1
0
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
-0,9 -0,8 -0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
40
-10
-10
-20
-20
Offset [MHz]
Offset [MHz]
Figure 3: Typical Selectivity at 38.4 kBaud Data Rate, 868 MHz, GFSK, 20 kHz Deviation.
IF Frequency is 152.3 kHz and the Digital Channel Filter Bandwidth is 100 kHz
60
50
50
40
40
30
Selectivity [dB]
Blocking [dB]
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
-2
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
40
-10
-10
-20
-20
Offset [MHz]
Offset [MHz]
Figure 4: Typical Selectivity at 250 kBaud Data Rate, 868 MHz, GFSK,
IF Frequency is 304 kHz and the Digital Channel Filter Bandwidth is 540 kHz
SWRS109
Page 11 of 76
2
CC110L
4.3
RF Transmit Section
TA = 25 C, VDD = 3.0 V, +10 dBm if nothing else stated. All measurement results are obtained using [1] and [2].
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Differential load
impedance
Condition/Note
Differential impedance as seen from the RF-port (RF_P and
RF_N) towards the antenna.
315 MHz
122 + j31
433 MHz
116 + j41
868/915 MHz
86.5 + j43
Output power,
highest setting
Output power is programmable, and full range is available in all
frequency bands. Output power may be restricted by regulatory
limits.
315 MHz
+10
dBm
433 MHz
+10
dBm
868 MHz
+12
dBm
915 MHz
+11
dBm
Delivered to a 50 single-ended load via the RF matching
network in [1] and [2]
Output power, lowest
setting
−30
dBm
Output power is programmable, and full range is available in all
frequency bands
See Design Note DN013 [10] for output power and harmonics
figures when using multi-layer inductors. The output power is then
typically +10 dBm when operating at 868/915 MHz.
Delivered to a 50 single-ended load via the RF matching
network in [1] and [2]
Harmonics, radiated
Measured on [1] and [2] with CW, maximum output power
2nd Harm, 433 MHz
3rd Harm, 433 MHz
−49
−40
dBm
dBm
2nd Harm, 868 MHz
3rd Harm, 868 MHz
−47
−55
dBm
dBm
2nd Harm, 915 MHz
3rd Harm, 915 MHz
−50
−54
dBm
dBm
Harmonics,
conducted
The antennas used during the radiated measurements (SMAFF433 from R.W. Badland and Nearson S331 868/915) play a part
in attenuating the harmonics
Note: All harmonics are below −41.2 dBm when operating in the
902 - 928 MHz band
Measured with +10 dBm CW at 315 MHz and 433 MHz
315 MHz
< −35
< −53
dBm
dBm
Frequencies below 960 MHz
Frequencies above 960 MHz
433 MHz
−43
< −45
dBm
dBm
Frequencies below 1 GHz
Frequencies above 1 GHz
868 MHz
2nd Harm
other harmonics
−36
< −46
dBm
dBm
Measured with +12 dBm CW at 868 MHz
−34
dBm
Measured with +11 dBm CW at 915 MHz (requirement is
−20 dBc under FCC 15.247)
< −50
dBm
915 MHz
2nd Harm
other harmonics
SWRS109
Page 12 of 76
CC110L
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Spurious emissions
conducted,
harmonics not
included
Condition/Note
Measured with +10 dBm CW at 315 MHz and 433 MHz
315 MHz
< −58
< −53
dBm
dBm
Frequencies below 960 MHz
Frequencies above 960 MHz
433 MHz
< −50
< −54
< −56
dBm
dBm
dBm
Frequencies below 1 GHz
Frequencies above 1 GHz
Frequencies within 47-74, 87.5-118, 174-230, 470-862 MHz
868 MHz
< −50
< −52
< −53
dBm
dBm
dBm
Measured with +12 dBm CW at 868 MHz
Frequencies below 1 GHz
Frequencies above 1 GHz
Frequencies within 47-74, 87.5-118, 174-230, 470-862 MHz
All radiated spurious emissions are within the limits of ETSI. The
peak conducted spurious emission is −53 dBm at 699 MHz
(868 MHz - 169 MHz), which is in a frequency band limited to
−54 dBm by EN 300 220 V2.3.1. An alternative filter can be used
to reduce the emission at 699 MHz below −54 dBm, for
conducted measurements, and is shown in Figure 8. See more
information in DN017 [6].
For compliance with modulation bandwidth requirements under
EN 300 220 V2.3.1 in the 863 to 870 MHz frequency range it is
recommended to use a 26 MHz crystal for frequencies below
869 MHz and a 27 MHz crystal for frequencies above 869 MHz.
915 MHz
TX latency
< −51
< −54
dBm
dBm
8
bit
Measured with +11 dBm CW at 915 MHz
Frequencies below 960 MHz
Frequencies above 960 MHz
Serial operation. Time from sampling the data on the transmitter
data input pin until it is observed on the RF output ports
Table 10: RF Transmit Section
Supply Voltage
VDD = 1.8 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.0 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.6 V
Temperature [°C]
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
Output Power [dBm], PATABLE=0xC0, +12 dBm
12
11
10
12
12
11
12
12
11
Output Power [dBm], PATABLE=0xC5, +10 dBm
11
10
9
11
10
10
11
10
10
Output Power [dBm], PATABLE=0x50, 0 dBm
1
0
-1
2
1
0
2
1
0
Table 11: Typical Variation in Output Power over Temperature and Supply Voltage, 868 MHz
Supply Voltage
VDD = 1.8 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.0 V
Supply Voltage
VDD = 3.6 V
Temperature [°C]
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
−40
25
85
Output Power [dBm], PATABLE=0xC0, +11 dBm
11
10
10
12
11
11
12
11
11
Output Power [dBm], PATABLE=0x8E, +0 dBm
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
Table 12: Typical Variation in Output Power over Temperature and Supply Voltage, 915 MHz
SWRS109
Page 13 of 76
CC110L
4.4
Crystal Oscillator
TA = 25 C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else is stated. All measurement results obtained using [1] and [2].
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition/Note
Crystal
frequency
26
26
27
MHz
For compliance with modulation bandwidth requirements under EN 300 220
V2.3.1 in the 863 to 870 MHz frequency range it is recommended to use a 26
MHz crystal for frequencies below 869 MHz and a 27 MHz crystal for frequencies
above 869 MHz.
ppm
This is the total tolerance including a) initial tolerance, b) crystal loading, c) aging,
and d) temperature dependence. The acceptable crystal tolerance depends on
RF frequency and channel spacing / bandwidth.
Tolerance
Load
capacitance
±40
10
13
20
ESR
pF
Simulated over operating conditions
µs
This parameter is to a large degree crystal dependent. Measured on [1] and [2]
using crystal AT-41CD2 from NDK
100
Start-up time
150
Table 13: Crystal Oscillator Parameters
4.5
Frequency Synthesizer Characteristics
TA = 25 C, VDD = 3.0 V if nothing else is stated. All measurement results are obtained using [1] and [2]. Min figures are given
using a 27 MHz crystal. Typ and max figures are given using a 26 MHz crystal.
Parameter
Programmed
frequency resolution
Min
397
Typ
16
FXOSC/2
Max
Unit
Condition/Note
412
Hz
26 - 27 MHz crystal. The resolution (in Hz) is equal for all
frequency bands
Given by crystal used. Required accuracy (including
temperature and aging) depends on frequency band and
channel bandwidth / spacing
Synthesizer frequency
tolerance
±40
ppm
RF carrier phase noise
–92
dBc/Hz
@ 50 kHz offset from carrier
RF carrier phase noise
–92
dBc/Hz
@ 100 kHz offset from carrier
RF carrier phase noise
–92
dBc/Hz
@ 200 kHz offset from carrier
RF carrier phase noise
–98
dBc/Hz
@ 500 kHz offset from carrier
RF carrier phase noise
–107
dBc/Hz
@ 1 MHz offset from carrier
RF carrier phase noise
–113
dBc/Hz
@ 2 MHz offset from carrier
RF carrier phase noise
–119
dBc/Hz
@ 5 MHz offset from carrier
RF carrier phase noise
–129
dBc/Hz
@ 10 MHz offset from carrier
PLL turn-on / hop time
( See Table 29)
72
75
75
s
Time from leaving the IDLE state until arriving in the RX,
FSTXON or TX state, when not performing calibration. Crystal
oscillator running.
PLL RX/TX settling
time (See Table 29)
29
30
30
s
Settling time for the 1·IF frequency step from RX to TX
PLL TX/RX settling
time (See Table 29)
30
31
31
s
Settling time for the 1·IF frequency step from TX to RX. 250
kbps data rate.
PLL calibration time
(See Table 30)
685
712
724
s
Calibration can be initiated manually or automatically before
entering or after leaving RX/TX
Table 14: Frequency Synthesizer Parameters
SWRS109
Page 14 of 76
CC110L
4.6
DC Characteristics
TA = 25 C if nothing else stated.
Digital Inputs/Outputs
Min
Max
Unit
Logic "0" input voltage
0
0.7
V
Condition
Logic "1" input voltage
VDD – 0.7
VDD
V
Logic "0" output voltage
0
0.5
V
For up to 4 mA output current
Logic "1" output voltage
VDD – 0.3
VDD
V
For up to 4 mA output current
Logic "0" input current
N/A
–50
nA
Input equals 0 V
Logic "1" input current
N/A
50
nA
Input equals VDD
Table 15: DC Characteristics
4.7
Power-On Reset
For proper Power-On-Reset functionality the power supply should comply with the requirements in
Table 16 below. Otherwise, the chip should be assumed to have unknown state until transmitting an
SRES strobe over the SPI interface. See Section 18.1 on page 40 for further details.
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition/Note
5
ms
From 0V until reaching 1.8V
ms
Minimum time between power-on and power-off
Power-up ramp-up time
Power off time
1
Table 16: Power-On Reset Requirements
5
Pin Configuration
GND
RBIAS
DGUARD
GND
SI
The CC110L pin-out is shown in Figure 5 and Table 17. See Section 24 for details on the I/O
configuration.
20 19 18 17 16
SCLK 1
15 AVDD
SO (GDO1) 2
14 AVDD
GDO2 3
13 RF_N
DVDD 4
12 RF_P
DCOUPL 5
11 AVDD
7
8
9 10
GDO0
CSn
XOSC_Q1
AVDD
XOSC_Q2
6
GND
Exposed die
attach pad
Figure 5: Pinout Top View
Note: The exposed die attach pad must be connected to a solid ground plane as this is the main
ground connection for the chip
SWRS109
Page 15 of 76
CC110L
Pin #
Pin Name
Pin type
Description
1
SCLK
Digital Input
Serial configuration interface, clock input
2
SO
(GDO1)
Digital Output
Serial configuration interface, data output
GDO2
Digital Output
3
Optional general output pin when CSn is high
Digital output pin for general use:
Test signals
FIFO status signals
Clear channel indicator
Clock output, down-divided from XOSC
Serial output RX data
4
DVDD
Power (Digital)
1.8 - 3.6 V digital power supply for digital I/O‟s and for the digital core voltage
regulator
5
DCOUPL
Power (Digital)
1.6 - 2.0 V digital power supply output for decoupling
NOTE: This pin is intended for use with the CC110L only. It can not be used to
provide supply voltage to other devices
6
GDO0
Digital I/O
Digital output pin for general use:
Test signals
FIFO status signals
Clear channel indicator
Clock output, down-divided from XOSC
Serial output RX data
Serial input TX data
7
CSn
Digital Input
Serial configuration interface, chip select
8
XOSC_Q1
Analog I/O
Crystal oscillator pin 1, or external clock input
9
AVDD
Power (Analog)
1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection
10
XOSC_Q2
Analog I/O
Crystal oscillator pin 2
11
AVDD
Power (Analog)
1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection
12
RF_P
RF I/O
Positive RF input signal to LNA in receive mode
Positive RF output signal from PA in transmit mode
13
RF_N
RF I/O
Negative RF input signal to LNA in receive mode
Negative RF output signal from PA in transmit mode
14
AVDD
Power (Analog)
1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection
15
AVDD
Power (Analog)
1.8 - 3.6 V analog power supply connection
16
GND
Ground (Analog)
Analog ground connection
17
RBIAS
Analog I/O
External bias resistor for reference current
18
DGUARD
Power (Digital)
Power supply connection for digital noise isolation
19
GND
Ground (Digital)
Ground connection for digital noise isolation
20
SI
Digital Input
Serial configuration interface, data input
Table 17: Pinout Overview
SWRS109
Page 16 of 76
CC110L
6
Circuit Description
RF_P
FREQ
SYNTH
0
RF_N
MODULATOR
90
PA
RC OSC
BIAS
RBIAS
DIGITAL INTERFACE TO MCU
ADC
RX FIFO
LNA
TX FIFO
ADC
PACKET HANDLER
DEMODULATOR
RADIO CONTROL
SCLK
SO (GDO1)
SI
CSn
GDO0
GDO2
XOSC
XOSC_Q1
XOSC_Q2
Figure 6: CC110L Simplified Block Diagram
A simplified block diagram of CC110L is shown
in Figure 6.
CC110l features a low-IF receiver. The received
RF signal is amplified by the low-noise
amplifier (LNA) and down-converted in
quadrature (I and Q) to the intermediate
frequency (IF). At IF, the I/Q signals are
digitised by the ADCs. Automatic gain control
(AGC), fine channel filtering, demodulation,
and bit/packet synchronization are performed
digitally.
The transmitter part of CC110L is based on
direct synthesis of the RF frequency. The
7
A crystal is to be connected to XOSC_Q1 and
XOSC_Q2. The crystal oscillator generates the
reference frequency for the synthesizer, as
well as clocks for the ADC and the digital part.
A 4-wire SPI serial interface is used for
configuration and data buffer access.
The digital baseband includes support for
channel configuration, packet handling, and
data buffering.
Application Circuit
The low cost application circuits ([17] and
[18]), which use multi layer inductors, are
shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8 (see Table 18
for component values).
The designs in [1] and [2] were used for CC110L
characterization. The 315 MHz and 433 MHz
design [1] use inexpensive multi-layer
inductors similar to the low cost application
circuit while the 868 MHz and 915 MHz design
[2] use wire-wound inductors. Wire-wound
inductors give better output power and
7.1
frequency synthesizer includes a completely
on-chip LC VCO and a 90 degree phase
shifter for generating the I and Q LO signals to
the down-conversion mixers in receive mode.
attenuation of harmonics compared to using
multi-layer inductors.
Refer to design note DN032 [16] for
information about performance when using
wire-wound inductors from different vendors.
See also Design Note DN013 [10], which gives
the output power and harmonics when using
multi-layer inductors. The output power is then
typically +10 dBm when operating at
868/915 MHz.
Bias Resistor
The 56 kΩ bias resistor R171 is used to set an
SWRS109
accurate bias current.
Page 17 of 76
CC110L
7.2
Balun and RF Matching
The balun and LC filter component values
their placement are important to keep
performance optimized. Gerber files
schematics for the reference designs
available for download from the TI website
and
the
and
are
The components between the RF_N/RF_P
pins and the point where the two signals are
joined together (C131, C122, L122, and L132
in Figure 7 and L121, L131, C121, L122,
C131, C122, and L132 in Figure 8) form a
balun that converts the differential RF signal
on CC110L to a single-ended RF signal. C124 is
needed for DC blocking.
1.8 V - 3.6 V
power supply
L123, L124, and C123 ( plus C125 in Figure 7)
form a low-pass filter for harmonics
attenuation.
The balun and LC filter components also
matches the CC110L input impedance to a 50
load. C126 provides DC blocking and is only
needed if there is a DC path in the antenna.
For the application circuit in Figure 8, this
component may also be used for additional
filtering, see Section 7.5.
R171
1 SCLK
2 SO
(GDO1)
3 GDO2
GND 16
RBIAS 17
DGUARD 18
SI 20
SO
(GDO1)
GDO2
(optional)
AVDD 14
C131
L132
C126
RF_N 13
DIE ATTACH PAD:
10 XOSC_Q2
7 CSn
5 DCOUPL
9 AVDD
RF_P 12
8 XOSC_Q1
4 DVDD
C51
Antenna
(50 Ohm)
AVDD 15
CC110L
6 GDO0
Digital Inteface
SCLK
GND 19
SI
AVDD 11
C122
L122
L123
L124
C123
C125
C124
GDO0
(optional)
CSn
XTAL
C81
C101
Figure 7: Typical Application and Evaluation Circuit 315/433 MHz
(excluding supply decoupling capacitors)
SWRS109
Page 18 of 76
CC110L
1.8 V - 3.6 V
power supply
R171
4 DVDD
GND 16
L132
L131
AVDD 14
C126
RF_N 13
L123
L124
C121 C122
DIE ATTACH PAD: RF_P 12
7 CSn
C51
AVDD 15
CC110L
5 DCOUPL
Antenna
(50 Ohm)
C131
10 XOSC_Q2
3 GDO2
AVDD 11
9 AVDD
2 SO
(GDO1)
RBIAS 17
GND 19
1 SCLK
8 XOSC_Q1
SO
(GDO1)
GDO2
(optional)
6 GDO0
Digital Interface
SCLK
DGUARD 18
SI 20
SI
L121
C123
L122
GDO0
(optional)
CSn
C127 L125
C127 and L125
may be added to
build an optional
filter to reduce
emission at 699
MHz
C124
XTAL
C81
C101
Figure 8: Typical Application and Evaluation Circuit 868/915 MHz
(excluding supply decoupling capacitors)
Component
Value at 315 MHz
Value at 433 MHz
C121
Value at 868/915 MHz
Without C127 and L125
With C127 and L125
1 pF
1 pF
C122
6.8 pF
3.9 pF
1.5 pF
1.5 pF
C123
12 pF
8.2 pF
3.3 pF
3.3 pF
C124
220 pF
220 pF
100 pF
100 pF
C125
6.8 pF
5.6 pF
C126
220 pF
220 pF
100 pF
12 pF
C127
C131
47 pF
6.8 pF
3.9 pF
1.5 pF
1.5 pF
L122
33 nH
27 nH
12 nH
12 nH
18 nH
18 nH
L123
18 nH
22 nH
12 nH
12 nH
L124
33 nH
27 nH
12 nH
12 nH
L121
L125
3.3 nH
L131
L132
33 nH
27 nH
12 nH
12 nH
18 nH
18 nH
Table 18: External Components
7.3
Crystal
A crystal in the frequency range 26 - 27 MHz
must be connected between the XOSC_Q1
and XOSC_Q2 pins. The oscillator is designed
SWRS109
for parallel mode operation of the crystal. In
addition, loading capacitors (C81 and C101)
for the crystal are required. The loading
Page 19 of 76
CC110L
capacitor values depend on the total load
capacitance, CL, specified for the crystal. The
total load capacitance seen between the
crystal terminals should equal CL for the
crystal to oscillate at the specified frequency.
CL
1
1
C81
1
C101
C parasitic
The parasitic capacitance is constituted by pin
input capacitance and PCB stray capacitance.
Total parasitic capacitance is typically 2.5 pF.
The crystal oscillator is amplitude regulated.
This means that a high current is used to start
up the oscillations. When the amplitude builds
up, the current is reduced to what is necessary
to maintain approximately 0.4 Vpp signal
swing. This ensures a fast start-up, and keeps
the drive level to a minimum. The ESR of the
crystal should be within the specification in
7.4
For compliance with modulation bandwidth
requirements under EN 300 220 V2.3.1 in the
863 to 870 MHz frequency range it is
recommended to use a 26 MHz crystal for
frequencies below 869 MHz and a 27 MHz
crystal for frequencies above 869 MHz.
connected to XOSC_Q1 using a serial
capacitor. When using a full-swing digital
signal, this capacitor can be omitted. The
XOSC_Q2 line must be left un-connected. C81
and C101 can be omitted when using a
reference signal.
If this filtering is not necessary, C126 will work
as a DC block (only necessary if there is a DC
path in the antenna). C127 and L125 should in
that case be left unmounted.
Additional external components (e.g. an RF
SAW filter) may be used in order to improve
the performance in specific applications.
Power Supply Decoupling
The power supply must be properly decoupled
close to the supply pins. Note that decoupling
capacitors are not shown in the application
circuit. The placement and the size of the
7.7
Avoid routing digital signals with sharp edges
close to XOSC_Q1 PCB track or underneath
the crystal Q1 pad as this may shift the crystal
dc operating point and result in duty cycle
variation.
Additional Filtering
In the 868/915 MHz reference design [18],
C127 and L125 together with C126 build an
optional filter to reduce emission at carrier
frequency - 169 MHz. This filter is necessary
for applications with an external antenna
connector that seek compliance with ETSI EN
300 220 V2.3.1. For more information, see
DN017 [6].
7.6
The initial tolerance, temperature drift, aging
and load pulling should be carefully specified
in order to meet the required frequency
accuracy in a certain application.
Reference Signal
The chip can alternatively be operated with a
reference signal from 26 to 27 MHz instead of
a crystal. This input clock can either be a fullswing digital signal (0 V to VDD) or a sine
wave of maximum 1 V peak-peak amplitude.
The reference signal must be connected to the
XOSC_Q1 input. The sine wave must be
7.5
order to ensure a reliable start-up (see Section
4.4 on page 14).
decoupling capacitors are very important to
achieve the optimum performance ([17] and
[18] should be followed closely).
PCB Layout Recommendations
The top layer should be used for signal
routing, and the open areas should be filled
with metallization connected to ground using
several vias.
SWRS109
The area under the chip is used for grounding
and shall be connected to the bottom ground
plane with several vias for good thermal
performance and sufficiently low inductance to
ground.
Page 20 of 76
CC110L
In [17] and [18], 5 vias are placed inside the
exposed die attached pad. These vias should
be “tented” (covered with solder mask) on the
component side of the PCB to avoid migration
of solder through the vias during the solder
reflow process.
The solder paste coverage should not be
100%. If it is, out gassing may occur during the
reflow process, which may cause defects
(splattering, solder balling). Using “tented” vias
reduces the solder paste coverage below
100%. See Figure 9 for top solder resist and
top paste masks.
Each decoupling capacitor should be placed
as close as possible to the supply pin it is
supposed to decouple. Each decoupling
capacitor should be connected to the power
line (or power plane) by separate vias. The
best routing is from the power line (or power
plane) to the decoupling capacitor and then to
the CC110L supply pin. Supply power filtering is
very important.
Each decoupling capacitor ground pad should
be connected to the ground plane by separate
vias. Direct connections between neighboring
power pins will increase noise coupling and
should be avoided unless absolutely
necessary. Routing in the ground plane
underneath the chip or the balun/RF matching
circuit, or between the chip‟s ground vias and
the decoupling capacitor‟s ground vias should
be avoided. This improves the grounding and
ensures the shortest possible current return
path.
Avoid routing digital signals with sharp edges
close to XOSC_Q1 PCB track or underneath
the crystal Q1 pad as this may shift the crystal
dc operating point and result in duty cycle
variation.
The external components should ideally be as
small as possible (0402 is recommended) and
surface
mount
devices
are
highly
recommended. Please note that components
with different sizes than those specified may
have differing characteristics.
Precaution should be used when placing the
microcontroller in order to avoid noise
interfering with the RF circuitry.
A CC11xL Development Kit with a fully
assembled CC110L Evaluation Module is
available. It is strongly advised that this
reference layout is followed very closely in
order to get the best performance. The
schematic, BOM and layout Gerber files are all
available from the TI website ([17] and [18]).
Figure 9: Left: Top Solder Resist Mask (Negative). Right: Top Paste Mask. Circles are Vias
8
Configuration Overview
CC110L can be configured to achieve optimum
performance for many different applications.
Configuration is done using the SPI interface.
See Section 10 for more description of the SPI
interface. The following key parameters can be
programmed:
Power-down / power up mode
Crystal oscillator power-up / power-down
Receive / transmit mode
Carrier frequency
Data rate
Modulation format
SWRS109
RX channel filter bandwidth
RF output power
Data buffering with separate 64-byte RX
and TX FIFOs
Packet radio hardware support
Details of each configuration register can be
found in Section 27, starting on page 51.
Figure 10 shows a simplified state diagram
that explains the main CC110L states together
with typical usage and current consumption.
For detailed information on controlling the
Page 21 of 76
CC110L
CC110L state machine, and a complete state
diagram, see Section 18, starting on page 39.
Sleep
Default state when the radio is not
receiving or transmitting. Typ.
current consumption: 1.7 mA.
Lowest power mode. Most
register values are retained.
Typ. current consumption:
200 nA
SPWD
SIDLE
CSn = 0
IDLE
SXOFF
Used for calibrating frequency
synthesizer upfront (entering
receive or transmit mode can
Manual freq.
then be done quicker).
synth. calibration
Transitional state. Typ. current
consumption: 8.4 mA.
SCAL
CSn = 0
SRX, STX, or SFSTXON
SFSTXON
Frequency synthesizer is on,
ready to start transmitting.
Transmission starts very
quickly after receiving the STX
command strobe.Typ. current
consumption: 8.4 mA.
Crystal
oscillator off
Frequency
synthesizer startup,
optional calibration,
settling
All register values are
retained. Typ. current
consumption: 165 µA.
Frequency synthesizer is turned on, can optionally be
calibrated, and then settles to the correct frequency.
Transitional state. Typ. current consumption: 8.4 mA.
Frequency
synthesizer on
STX
SRX
STX
TXOFF_MODE = 01
SFSTXON or RXOFF_MODE = 01
Typ. current consumption:
16.8 mA at 0 dBm output
power
STX or RXOFF_MODE=10
Transmit mode
Receive mode
SRX or TXOFF_MODE = 11
TXOFF_MODE = 00
In Normal mode, this state is
entered if the TX FIFO
becomes empty in the middle
of a packet. Typ. current
consumption: 1.7 mA.
Typ. current
consumption:
from 14.7 mA (strong
input signal) to 15.7 mA
(weak input signal).
RXOFF_MODE = 00
Optional transitional state. Typ.
current consumption: 8.4 mA.
TX FIFO
underflow
Optional freq.
synth. calibration
SFTX
RX FIFO
overflow
In Normal mode, this state is
entered if the RX FIFO
overflows. Typ. current
consumption: 1.7 mA.
SFRX
IDLE
Figure 10: Simplified Radio Control State Diagram, with Typical Current Consumption at
1.2 kBaud Data Rate and MDMCFG2.DEM_DCFILT_OFF=1 (current optimized).
Frequency Band = 868 MHz
SWRS109
Page 22 of 76
CC110L
9
Configuration Software
CC110L can be configured using the SmartRF™
The optimum register setting might differ from
the default value. After a reset all registers that
shall be different from the default value
therefore needs to be programmed through
the SPI interface.
Studio software [4]. The SmartRF Studio
software is highly recommended for obtaining
optimum register settings, and for evaluating
performance and functionality.
After chip reset, all the registers have default
values as shown in the tables in Section 27.
10 4-wire Serial Configuration and Data Interface
CC110L is configured via a simple 4-wire SPI-
transfer of a header byte or during read/write
from/to a register, the transfer will be
cancelled. The timing for the address and data
transfer on the SPI interface is shown in Figure
11 with reference to Table 19.
compatible interface (SI, SO, SCLK and CSn)
where CC110L is the slave. This interface is also
used to read and write buffered data. All
transfers on the SPI interface are done most
significant bit first.
When CSn is pulled low, the MCU must wait
until CC110L SO pin goes low before starting to
transfer the header byte. This indicates that
the crystal is running. Unless the chip was in
the SLEEP or XOFF states, the SO pin will
always go low immediately after taking CSn
low.
All transactions on the SPI interface start with
a header byte containing a R/W̄ bit, a burst
access bit (B), and a 6-bit address (A5 - A0).
The CSn pin must be kept low during transfers
on the SPI bus. If CSn goes high during the
tsp
tch
tcl
tsd
thd
tns
SCLK:
CSn:
Write to register:
SI
X
0
B
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
SO
Hi-Z
S7
B
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
X
DW7
S7
DW6
DW5
DW4
DW3
DW2
DW1
DW0
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
DR2
DR1
X
Hi-Z
Read from register:
SI
X
SO Hi-Z
1
B
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
S7
B
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
X
DR7
DR6
DR5
DR4
DR3
DR0
Hi-Z
Figure 11: Configuration Registers Write and Read Operations
SWRS109
Page 23 of 76
CC110L
Parameter
Description
Min
Max
Units
fSCLK
SCLK frequency
100 ns delay inserted between address byte and data byte (single access), or between
address and data, and between each data byte (burst access).
-
10
MHz
SCLK frequency, single access
No delay between address and data byte
-
9
SCLK frequency, burst access
No delay between address and data byte, or between data bytes
-
6.5
tsp,pd
CSn low to positive edge on SCLK, in power-down mode
150
-
s
tsp
CSn low to positive edge on SCLK, in active mode
20
-
ns
tch
Clock high
50
-
ns
tcl
Clock low
50
-
ns
trise
Clock rise time
-
40
ns
tfall
Clock fall time
-
40
ns
tsd
Setup data (negative SCLK edge) to positive edge on SCLK
(tsd applies between address and data bytes, and between data bytes)
Single access
55
-
ns
Burst access
76
-
thd
Hold data after positive edge on SCLK
20
-
ns
tns
Negative edge on SCLK to CSn high.
20
-
ns
Table 19: SPI Interface Timing Requirements
Note: The minimum tsp,pd figure in Table 19 can be used in cases where the user does not read
the CHIP_RDYn signal. CSn low to positive edge on SCLK when the chip is woken from powerdown depends on the start-up time of the crystal being used. The 150 μs in Table 19 is the
crystal oscillator start-up time measured on [1] and [2] using crystal AT-41CD2 from NDK.
SWRS109
Page 24 of 76
CC110L
10.1 Chip Status Byte
When the header byte, data byte, or command
strobe is sent on the SPI interface, the chip
status byte is sent by the CC110L on the SO pin.
The status byte contains key status signals,
useful for the MCU. The first bit, s7, is the
CHIP_RDYn signal and this signal must go low
before the first positive edge of SCLK. The
CHIP_RDYn signal indicates that the crystal is
running.
Bits 6, 5, and 4 comprise the STATE value.
This value reflects the state of the chip. The
XOSC and power to the digital core are on in
the IDLE state, but all other modules are in
power down. The frequency configuration
should only be updated when the chip is in this
state. The RX state will be active when the
chip is in receive mode. Likewise, TX is active
when the chip is transmitting.
The last four bits (3:0) in the status byte
contains FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE. For read
operations (the R/W̄ bit in the header byte is
set to 1), the FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field
contains the number of bytes available for
reading from the RX FIFO. For write
operations (the R/W̄ bit in the header byte is
set to 0), the FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field
contains the number of bytes that can be
written
to
the
TX
FIFO.
When
FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE=15, 15 or more
bytes are available/free.
Table 20 gives a status byte summary.
Bits
Name
Description
7
CHIP_RDYn
Stays high until power and crystal have stabilized. Should always be low when using
the SPI interface.
6:4
STATE[2:0]
Indicates the current main state machine mode
Value
State
Description
000
IDLE
IDLE state
(Also reported for some transitional states instead of
SETTLING or CALIBRATE)
3:0
FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE[3:0]
001
RX
Receive mode
010
TX
Transmit mode
011
FSTXON
Fast TX ready
100
CALIBRATE
Frequency synthesizer calibration is running
101
SETTLING
PLL is settling
110
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW
RX FIFO has overflowed. Read out any useful
data, then flush the FIFO with SFRX
111
TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW
TX FIFO has underflowed. Acknowledge with
SFTX
The number of bytes available in the RX FIFO or free bytes in the TX FIFO
Table 20: Status Byte Summary
10.2 Register Access
The configuration registers on the CC110L are
located on SPI addresses from 0x00 to 0x2E.
Table 38 on page 53 lists all configuration
registers. It is highly recommended to use
SmartRF Studio [4] to generate optimum
register settings. The detailed description of
each register is found in Section 27.1 and
27.2, starting on page 56. All configuration
registers can be both written to and read. The
R/W̄ bit controls if the register should be
written to or read. When writing to registers,
the status byte is sent on the SO pin each time
a header byte or data byte is transmitted on
the SI pin. When reading from registers, the
SWRS109
status byte is sent on the SO pin each time a
header byte is transmitted on the SI pin.
Registers with consecutive addresses can be
accessed in an efficient way by setting the
burst bit (B) in the header byte. The address
bits (A5 - A0) set the start address in an
internal address counter. This counter is
incremented by one each new byte (every 8
clock pulses). The burst access is either a
read or a write access and must be terminated
by setting CSn high.
For register addresses in the range
0x30 - 0x3D, the burst bit is used to select
Page 25 of 76
CC110L
between status registers when burst bit is one,
and between command strobes when burst bit
is zero. See more in Section 10.3 below.
Because of this, burst access is not available
for status registers and they must be accessed
one at a time. The status registers can only be
read.
10.3 SPI Read
When reading register fields over the SPI
interface while the register fields are updated
by the radio hardware (e.g. MARCSTATE or
TXBYTES), there is a small, but finite,
probability that a single read from the register
is being corrupt. As an example, the
probability of any single read from TXBYTES
being corrupt, assuming the maximum data
rate is used, is approximately 80 ppm. Refer to
the CC110L Errata Notes [3] for more details.
10.4 Command Strobes
Command Strobes may be viewed as single
byte instructions to CC110L. By addressing a
command strobe register, internal sequences
will be started. These commands are used to
disable the crystal oscillator, enable receive
mode, enable calibration etc. The 11
command strobes are listed in Table 37 on
page 52.
Note: An SIDLE strobe will clear all
pending command strobes until IDLE
state is reached. This means that if for
example an SIDLE strobe is issued
while the radio is in RX state, any other
command strobes issued before the
radio reaches IDLE state will be
ignored.
The command strobe registers are accessed
by transferring a single header byte (no data is
being transferred). That is, only the R/W̄ bit,
the burst access bit (set to 0), and the six
address bits (in the range 0x30 through 0x3D)
are written. The R/W̄ bit can be either one or
zero
and
will
determine
how
the
FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE field in the status
byte should be interpreted.
When writing command strobes, the status
byte is sent on the SO pin.
A command strobe may be followed by any
other SPI access without pulling CSn high.
However, if an SRES strobe is being issued,
one will have to wait for SO to go low again
before the next header byte can be issued as
shown in Figure 12. The command strobes are
executed immediately, with the exception of
the SPWD and the SXOFF strobes, which are
executed when CSn goes high.
CSn
SO
SI
HeaderSRES
HeaderAddr
Data
Figure 12: SRES Command Strobe
10.5 FIFO Access
The 64-byte TX FIFO and the 64-byte RX
FIFO are accessed through the 0x3F address.
When the R/W̄ bit is zero, the TX FIFO is
accessed, and the RX FIFO is accessed when
the R/W̄ bit is one.
new header byte is expected; hence, CSn can
remain low. The burst access method expects
one header byte and then consecutive data
bytes until terminating the access by setting
CSn high.
The TX FIFO is write-only, while the RX FIFO
is read-only.
The following header bytes access the FIFOs:
The burst bit is used to determine if the FIFO
access is a single byte access or a burst
access. The single byte access method
expects a header byte with the burst bit set to
zero and one data byte. After the data byte, a
SWRS109
0x3F: Single byte access to TX FIFO
0x7F: Burst access to TX FIFO
0xBF: Single byte access to RX FIFO
0xFF: Burst access to RX FIFO
Page 26 of 76
CC110L
When writing to the TX FIFO, the status byte
(see Section 10.1) is output on SO for each
new data byte as shown in Figure 11. This
status byte can be used to detect TX FIFO
underflow while writing data to the TX FIFO.
Note that the status byte contains the number
of bytes free before writing the byte in
progress to the TX FIFO. When the last byte
that fits in the TX FIFO is transmitted on SI,
the status byte received concurrently on SO
will indicate that one byte is free in the TX
FIFO.
The TX FIFO may be flushed by issuing a
SFTX command strobe. Similarly, a SFRX
command strobe will flush the RX FIFO. A
SFTX or SFRX command strobe can only be
issued in the IDLE, TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW, or
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW states. Both FIFOs are
flushed when going to the SLEEP state.
Figure 13 gives a brief overview of different
register access types possible.
10.6 PATABLE Access
The 0x3E address is used to access the
PATABLE, which is used for selecting PA
power control settings. The SPI expects one or
two data bytes after receiving the address (the
burst bit must be set if two bytes are to be
written). For OOK, two bytes should be written
to PATABLE; the first byte after the address will
set the logic 0 power level and the second
byte written will set the logic 1 power level. For
all other modulations formats, only one byte
should be written to PATABLE. Use SmartRF
Studio [4] or DN013 [10] for recommended
register values for a given output power.
as a single byte or burst access, depending on
how many bytes should be read (one or two).
Note that pulling CSn high will reset the index
counter to zero, meaning that burst access
needs to be used for reading/writing the
second PATABLE entry. For the same reason,
if one byte is written to the PATABLE and this
value is to be read out, CSn must be set high
before the read access in order to set the
index counter back to zero.
Note that the content of the PATABLE is lost
when entering the SLEEP state, except for the
first byte, meaning that if OOK is used, the
PATABLE needs to be reprogrammed when
waking up from SLEEP.
The PATABLE can also be read by setting the
R/W̄ bit to 1. The read operation can be done
CSn:
Command strobe(s):
Read or write register(s):
HeaderStrobe
HeaderStrobe
HeaderStrobe
HeaderReg
Data
HeaderReg
Data
Read or write consecutive
registers (burst):
HeaderReg n
Datan
Datan + 1
Datan + 2
Read or write n + 1 bytes
from/to the RX/TX FIFO:
HeaderFIFO
DataByte 0
DataByte 1
DataByte 2
HeaderReg
Data
HeaderStrobe
HeaderReg
Combinations:
HeaderReg
Data
DataByte n - 1
DataByte n
Data
HeaderStrobe
HeaderFIFO
DataByte 0
DataByte 1
Figure 13: Register Access Types
SWRS109
Page 27 of 76
CC110L
11 Microcontroller Interface and Pin Configuration
In a typical system, CC110L will interface to a
microcontroller. This microcontroller must be
able to:
Program CC110L into different modes
Read and write buffered data
Read back status information via the 4-wire
SPI-bus configuration interface (SI, SO,
SCLK and CSn)
11.1 Configuration Interface
The microcontroller uses four I/O pins for the
SPI configuration interface (SI, SO, SCLK and
CSn). The SPI is described in Section 10 on
page 23.
11.2 General Control and Status Pins
The CC110L has two dedicated configurable
pins (GDO0 and GDO2) and one shared pin
(GDO1) that can output internal status
information useful for control software. These
pins can be used to generate interrupts on the
MCU. See Section 24 on page 46 for more
details on the signals that can be
programmed.
GDO1 is shared with the SO pin in the SPI
interface. The default setting for GDO1/SO is
3-state output. By selecting any other of the
programming options, the GDO1/SO pin will
become a generic pin. When CSn is low, the
pin will always function as a normal SO pin.
In the synchronous and asynchronous serial
modes, the GDO0 pin is used as a serial TX
data input pin while in transmit mode.
12 Data Rate Programming
The data rate used when transmitting, or the
data rate expected in receive is programmed
by
the
MDMCFG3.DRATE_M
and
the
MDMCFG4.DRATE_E configuration registers.
The data rate is given by the formula below.
As the formula shows, the programmed data
rate depends on the crystal frequency.
RDATA
(256 DRATE _ M ) 2 DRATE _ E
f XOSC
228
The following approach can be used to find
suitable values for a given data rate:
DRATE _ E
log 2
RDATA 2 20
f XOSC
28
DRATE _ M
RDATA 2
f XOSC 2 DRATE _ E
256
If DRATE_M is rounded to the nearest integer
and becomes 256, increment DRATE_E and
use DRATE_M = 0.
SWRS109
The data rate can be set from 0.6 kBaud to
500 kBaud with the minimum step size
according to Table 21 below. See Table 3 for
the minimum and maximum data rates for the
different modulation formats.
Min Data
Rate
[kBaud]
Typical
Data Rate
[kBaud]
Max Data
Rate
[kBaud]
Data rate
Step Size
[kBaud]
0.6
1.0
0.79
0.0015
0.79
1.2
1.58
0.0031
1.59
2.4
3.17
0.0062
3.17
4.8
6.33
0.0124
6.35
9.6
12.7
0.0248
12.7
19.6
25.3
0.0496
25.4
38.4
50.7
0.0992
50.8
76.8
101.4
0.1984
101.6
153.6
202.8
0.3967
203.1
250
405.5
0.7935
406.3
500
500
1.5869
Table 21: Data Rate Step Size
(assuming a 26 MHz crystal)
Page 28 of 76
CC110L
13 Receiver Channel Filter Bandwidth
In order to meet different channel width
requirements, the receiver channel filter is
programmable. The MDMCFG4.CHANBW_E and
MDMCFG4.CHANBW_M configuration registers
control the receiver channel filter bandwidth,
which scales with the crystal oscillator
frequency.
The following formula gives the relation
between the register settings and the channel
filter bandwidth:
BWchannel
f XOSC
8 (4 CHANBW _ M ) 2CHANBW _ E
Table 22 lists the channel filter bandwidths
supported by the CC110L.
MDMCFG4.
MDMCFG4.CHANBW_E
CHANBW_M
00
01
10
11
00
812
406
203
102
01
650
325
162
81
10
541
270
135
68
11
464
232
116
58
For best performance, the channel filter
bandwidth should be selected so that the
signal bandwidth occupies at most 80% of the
channel filter bandwidth. The channel centre
tolerance due to crystal inaccuracy should also
be subtracted from the channel filter
bandwidth. The following example illustrates
this:
With the channel filter bandwidth set to
500 kHz, the signal should stay within 80% of
500 kHz, which is 400 kHz. Assuming
915 MHz frequency and ±20 ppm frequency
uncertainty for both the transmitting device and
the receiving device, the total frequency
uncertainty is ±40 ppm of 915 MHz, which is
±37 kHz. If the whole transmitted signal
bandwidth is to be received within 400 kHz,
the transmitted signal bandwidth should be
maximum 400 kHz - 2·37 kHz, which is
326 kHz.
By compensating for a frequency offset
between the transmitter and the receiver, the
filter bandwidth can be reduced and the
sensitivity can be improved, see more in
DN005 [12] and in Section 14.1.
Table 22: Channel Filter Bandwidths [kHz]
(assuming a 26 MHz crystal)
14 Demodulator, Symbol Synchronizer, and Data Decision
CC110L contains an advanced and highly
configurable demodulator. Channel filtering
and frequency offset compensation is
performed digitally. To generate the RSSI level
(see Section 17.2 for more information), the
signal level in the channel is estimated. Data
filtering is also included for enhanced
performance.
14.1 Frequency Offset Compensation
The CC110L has a very fine frequency
resolution (see Table 14). This feature can be
used to compensate for frequency offset and
drift.
When using 2-FSK, GFSK, or 4-FSK
modulation, the demodulator will compensate
for the offset between the transmitter and
receiver frequency within certain limits, by
estimating the centre of the received data. The
frequency offset compensation configuration is
controlled from the FOCCFG register. By
compensating for a large frequency offset
between the transmitter and the receiver, the
sensitivity can be improved, see DN005 [12].
The tracking range of the algorithm is
selectable as fractions of the channel
bandwidth with the FOCCFG.FOC_LIMIT
configuration register.
SWRS109
If the FOCCFG.FOC_BS_CS_GATE bit is set,
the offset compensator will freeze until carrier
sense asserts. This may be useful when the
radio is in RX for long periods with no traffic,
since the algorithm may drift to the boundaries
when trying to track noise.
The tracking loop has two gain factors, which
affects the settling time and noise sensitivity of
the algorithm. FOCCFG.FOC_PRE_K sets the
gain before the sync word is detected, and
FOCCFG.FOC_POST_K selects the gain after
the sync word has been found.
Note: Frequency offset compensation is
not supported for OOK modulation.
The estimated frequency offset value is
available in the FREQEST status register. This
can be used for permanent frequency offset
Page 29 of 76
CC110L
compensation. By writing the value from
FREQEST into
FSCTRL0.FREQOFF, the
frequency synthesizer will automatically be
adjusted according to the estimated frequency
offset. More details regarding this permanent
frequency compensation algorithm can be
found in DN015 [7].
14.2 Bit Synchronization
The bit synchronization algorithm extracts the
clock from the incoming symbols. The
algorithm requires that the expected data rate
is programmed as described in Section 12 on
page 28. Re-synchronization is performed
continuously to adjust for error in the incoming
symbol rate.
14.3 Byte Synchronization
Byte synchronization is achieved by a
continuous sync word search. The sync word
is a 16 bit configurable field (can be repeated
to get a 32 bit) that is automatically inserted at
the start of the packet by the modulator in
transmit mode. The MSB in the sync word is
sent first. The demodulator uses this field to
find the byte boundaries in the stream of bits.
The sync word will also function as a system
identifier, since only packets with the correct
predefined sync word will be received if the
sync word detection in RX is enabled in
register MDMCFG2 (see Section 17.1). The
sync word detector correlates against the
user-configured 16 or 32 bit sync word. The
correlation threshold can be set to 15/16,
16/16, or 30/32 bits match. The sync word can
be further qualified using the preamble quality
indicator mechanism described below and/or a
carrier sense condition. The sync word is
configured through the SYNC1 and SYNC0
registers.
15 Packet Handling Hardware Support
The CC110L has built-in hardware support for
packet oriented radio protocols.
Packet length check (length byte checked
against a programmable maximum length)
In transmit mode, the packet handler can be
configured to add the following elements to the
packet stored in the TX FIFO:
Optionally, two status bytes (see Table 23 and
Table 24) with RSSI value and CRC status can
be appended in the RX FIFO.
A programmable number of preamble bytes
A two byte synchronization (sync) word.
Can be duplicated to give a 4-byte sync
word (recommended). It is not possible to
only insert preamble or only insert a sync
word
A CRC checksum computed over the data
field.
The recommended setting is 4-byte
preamble and 4-byte sync word, except for
500 kBaud data rate where the
recommended preamble length is 8 bytes.
In receive mode, the packet handling support
will de-construct the data packet by
implementing the following (if enabled):
Bit
Field Name
Description
7:0
RSSI
RSSI value
Table 23: Received Packet Status Byte 1
(first byte appended after the data)
Bit
Field Name
Description
7
CRC_OK
1: CRC for received data OK
(or CRC disabled)
0: CRC error in received data
6:0
Reserved
Table 24: Received Packet Status Byte 2
(second byte appended after the data)
Note: Register fields that control the
packet handling features should only be
altered when CC110L is in the IDLE state.
Preamble detection
Sync word detection
CRC computation and CRC check
One byte address check
SWRS109
Page 30 of 76
CC110L
15.1 Packet Format
The format of the data packet can be
configured and consists of the following items
(see Figure 14):
Preamble
Synchronization word
Optional length byte
Optional address byte
Payload
Optional 2 byte CRC
Legend:
Inserted automatically in TX,
processed and removed in RX.
Data field
16/32 bits
8
bits
8
bits
8 x n bits
CRC-16
Address field
8 x n bits
Length field
Preamble bits
(1010...1010)
Sync word
Optional CRC-16 calculation
Optional user-provided fields processed in TX,
processed but not removed in RX.
Unprocessed user data
16 bits
Figure 14: Packet Format
The preamble pattern is an alternating
sequence of ones and zeros (10101010…).
The minimum length of the preamble is
programmable
through
the
value
of
MDMCFG1.NUM_PREAMBLE. When enabling
TX, the modulator will start transmitting the
preamble. When the programmed number of
preamble bytes has been transmitted, the
modulator will send the sync word and then
data from the TX FIFO if data is available. If
the TX FIFO is empty, the modulator will
continue to send preamble bytes until the first
byte is written to the TX FIFO. The modulator
will then send the sync word and then the data
bytes.
The synchronization word is a two-byte value
set in the SYNC1 and SYNC0 registers. The
sync word provides byte synchronization of the
incoming packet. A one-byte sync word can be
emulated by setting the SYNC1 value to the
preamble pattern. It is also possible to emulate
a
32
bit
sync
word
by
setting
MDMCFG2.SYNC_MODE to 3 or 7. The sync
word will then be repeated twice.
CC110L supports both constant packet length
protocols and variable length protocols.
Variable or fixed packet length mode can be
used for packets up to 255 bytes. For longer
packets, infinite packet length mode must be
used.
Fixed packet length mode is selected by
setting PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0. The
desired packet length is set by the PKTLEN
register. This value must be different from 0.
In
variable
packet
length
mode,
PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=1, the packet
length is configured by the first byte after the
sync word. The packet length is defined as the
payload data, excluding the length byte and
SWRS109
the optional CRC. The PKTLEN register is
used to set the maximum packet length
allowed in RX. Any packet received with a
length byte with a value greater than PKTLEN
will be discarded. The PKTLEN value must be
different from 0.
With PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2, the
packet length is set to infinite and transmission
and reception will continue until turned off
manually. As described in the next section,
this can be used to support packet formats
with different length configuration than natively
supported by CC110L. One should make sure
that TX mode is not turned off during the
transmission of the first half of any byte. Refer
to the CC110L Errata Notes [3] for more details.
Note: The minimum packet length
supported (excluding the optional length
byte and CRC) is one byte of payload
data.
15.1.1 Arbitrary Length Field Configuration
The packet length register, PKTLEN, can be
reprogrammed during receive and transmit. In
combination with fixed packet length mode
(PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0), this opens
the possibility to have a different length field
configuration than supported for variable
length packets (in variable packet length mode
the length byte is the first byte after the sync
word). At the start of reception, the packet
length is set to a large value. The MCU reads
out enough bytes to interpret the length field in
the packet. Then the PKTLEN value is set
according to this value. The end of packet will
occur when the byte counter in the packet
handler is equal to the PKTLEN register. Thus,
the MCU must be able to program the correct
Page 31 of 76
CC110L
length, before the internal counter reaches the
packet length.
15.1.2 Packet Length > 255
The packet automation control register,
PKTCTRL0, can be reprogrammed during TX
and RX. This opens the possibility to transmit
and receive packets that are longer than 256
bytes and still be able to use the packet
handling hardware support. At the start of the
packet, the infinite packet length mode
(PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2) must be
active. On the TX side, the PKTLEN register is
set to mod(length, 256). On the RX side the
MCU reads out enough bytes to interpret the
length field in the packet and sets the PKTLEN
register to mod(length, 256). When less than
256 bytes remains of the packet, the MCU
disables infinite packet length mode and
activates
fixed
packet
length
mode
(PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0). When the
internal byte counter reaches the PKTLEN
value, the transmission or reception ends (the
radio enters the state determined by
TXOFF_MODE or RXOFF_MODE). Automatic
CRC appending/checking can also be used
(by setting PKTCTRL0.CRC_EN=1).
When for example a 600-byte packet is to be
transmitted, the MCU should do the following
(see also Figure 15)
Set PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=2.
Pre-program the PKTLEN
mod(600, 256) = 88.
register to
Transmit at least 345 bytes (600 - 255), for
example by filling the 64-byte TX FIFO six
times (384 bytes transmitted).
Set PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=0.
The transmission ends when the packet
counter reaches 88. A total of 600 bytes
are transmitted.
Internal byte counter in packet handler counts from 0 to 255 and then starts at 0 again
0,1,..........,88,....................255,0,........,88,..................,255,0,........,88,..................,255,0,.......................
Infinite packet length enabled
Fixed packet length
enabled when less than
256 bytes remains of
packet
600 bytes transmitted and
received
Length field transmitted and received. Rx and Tx PKTLEN value set to mod(600,256) = 88
Figure 15: Packet Length > 255
15.2 Packet Filtering in Receive Mode
CC110L supports three different types of
packet-filtering; address filtering, maximum
length filtering, and CRC filtering.
15.2.1 Address Filtering
Setting PKTCTRL1.ADR_CHK to any other
value than zero enables the packet address
filter. The packet handler engine will compare
the destination address byte in the packet with
the programmed node address in the ADDR
register and the 0x00 broadcast address when
PKTCTRL1.ADR_CHK=10 or both the 0x00
and 0xFF broadcast addresses when
PKTCTRL1.ADR_CHK=11. If the received
address matches a valid address, the packet
is received and written into the RX FIFO. If the
address match fails, the packet is discarded
and receive mode restarted (regardless of the
MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting).
SWRS109
If the received address matches a valid
address when using infinite packet length
mode and address filtering is enabled, 0xFF
will be written into the RX FIFO followed by the
address byte and then the payload data.
15.2.2 Maximum Length Filtering
In
variable
packet
length
mode,
PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=1,
the
PKTLEN.PACKET_LENGTH register value is
used to set the maximum allowed packet
length. If the received length byte has a larger
value than this, the packet is discarded and
receive mode restarted (regardless of the
MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting).
Page 32 of 76
CC110L
15.2.3 CRC Filtering
The filtering of a packet when CRC check fails
is
enabled
by
setting
PKTCTRL1.CRC_AUTOFLUSH=1. The CRC
auto flush function will flush the entire RX
FIFO if the CRC check fails. After auto flushing
the RX FIFO, the next state depends on the
MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting.
When using the auto flush function, the
maximum packet length is 63 bytes in variable
packet length mode and 64 bytes in fixed
packet length mode. Note that when
PKTCTRL1.APPEND_STATUS is enabled, the
maximum allowed packet length is reduced by
two bytes in order to make room in the RX
FIFO for the two status bytes appended at the
end of the packet. Since the entire RX FIFO is
flushed when the CRC check fails, the
previously received packet must be read out of
the FIFO before receiving the current packet.
The MCU must not read from the current
packet until the CRC has been checked as
OK.
15.3 Packet Handling in Transmit Mode
The payload that is to be transmitted must be
written into the TX FIFO. The first byte written
must be the length byte when variable packet
length is enabled. The length byte has a value
equal to the payload of the packet (including
the optional address byte). If address
recognition is enabled on the receiver, the
second byte written to the TX FIFO must be
the address byte.
If fixed packet length is enabled, the first byte
written to the TX FIFO should be the address
(assuming the receiver uses address
recognition).
in the TX FIFO, the modulator will send the
two-byte (optionally 4-byte) sync word followed
by the payload in the TX FIFO. If CRC is
enabled, the checksum is calculated over all
the data pulled from the TX FIFO, and the
result is sent as two extra bytes following the
payload data. If the TX FIFO runs empty
before the complete packet has been
transmitted,
the
radio
will
enter
TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW state. The only way to
exit this state is by issuing an SFTX strobe.
Writing to the TX FIFO after it has underflowed
will not restart TX mode.
The modulator will first send the programmed
number of preamble bytes. If data is available
15.4 Packet Handling in Receive Mode
In receive mode, the demodulator and packet
handler will search for a valid preamble and
the sync word. When found, the demodulator
has obtained both bit and byte synchronization
and will receive the first payload byte.
When variable packet length mode is enabled,
the first byte is the length byte. The packet
handler stores this value as the packet length
and receives the number of bytes indicated by
the length byte. If fixed packet length mode is
used, the packet handler will accept the
programmed number of bytes.
Next, the packet handler optionally checks the
address and only continues the reception if the
address matches. If automatic CRC check is
enabled, the packet handler computes CRC
and matches it with the appended CRC
checksum.
At the end of the payload, the packet handler
will optionally write two extra packet status
bytes (see Table 23 and Table 24) that contain
CRC status, link quality indication, and RSSI
value.
15.5 Packet Handling in Firmware
When implementing a packet oriented radio
protocol in firmware, the MCU needs to know
when a packet has been received/transmitted.
Additionally, for packets longer than 64 bytes,
the RX FIFO needs to be read while in RX and
the TX FIFO needs to be refilled while in TX.
This means that the MCU needs to know the
number of bytes that can be read from or
written to the RX FIFO and TX FIFO
respectively. There are two possible solutions
to get the necessary status information:
SWRS109
a) Interrupt Driven Solution
The GDO pins can be used in both RX and TX
to give an interrupt when a sync word has
been received/transmitted or when a complete
packet has been received/transmitted by
setting IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x06. In addition,
there are two configurations for the
IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG register that can be used
as an interrupt source to provide information
on how many bytes that are in the RX FIFO
and
TX
FIFO
respectively.
The
Page 33 of 76
CC110L
IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x00
and
the
IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x01 configurations are
associated with the RX FIFO while the
IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x02
and
the
IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x03 configurations are
associated with the TX FIFO. See Table 36 for
more information.
TX FIFO respectively. Alternatively, the
number of bytes in the RX FIFO and TX FIFO
can be read from the chip status byte returned
on the MISO line each time a header byte,
data byte, or command strobe is sent on the
SPI bus.
It is recommended to employ an interrupt
driven solution since high rate SPI polling
reduces the RX sensitivity. Furthermore, as
explained in Section 10.3 and the CC110L
Errata Notes [3], when using SPI polling, there
is a small, but finite, probability that a single
read from registers PKTSTATUS , RXBYTES
and TXBYTES is being corrupt. The same is
the case when reading the chip status byte.
b) SPI Polling
The PKTSTATUS register can be polled at a
given rate to get information about the current
GDO2 and GDO0 values respectively. The
RXBYTES and TXBYTES registers can be
polled at a given rate to get information about
the number of bytes in the RX FIFO and
16 Modulation Formats
CC110L supports amplitude, frequency, and
demodulator. This option is enabled by setting
MDMCFG2.MANCHESTER_EN=1.
phase shift modulation formats. The desired
modulation
format
is
set
in
the
MDMCFG2.MOD_FORMAT register.
Note: Manchester encoding is not
supported at the same time as using 4FSK modulation.
Optionally, the data stream can be Manchester
coded by the modulator and decoded by the
16.1 Frequency Shift Keying
CC110L
supports 2-(G)FSK and 4-FSK
modulation. When selecting 4-FSK, the
preamble and sync word to be received needs
to be 2-FSK (see Figure 16).
f dev
The symbol encoding is shown in Table 25.
When 2-FSK/GFSK/4-FSK modulation is used,
the DEVIATN register specifies the expected
frequency deviation of incoming signals in RX
and should be the same as the deviation of the
transmitted signal for demodulation to be
performed reliably and robustly.
Format
Symbol
Coding
2-FSK/GFSK
„0‟
– Deviation
„1‟
+ Deviation
„01‟
– Deviation
„00‟
– 1/3∙Deviation
„10‟
+1/3∙Deviation
„11‟
+ Deviation
4-FSK
The frequency deviation is programmed with
the DEVIATION_M and DEVIATION_E values
in the DEVIATN register. The value has an
exponent/mantissa form, and the resultant
deviation is given by:
1/Baud Rate
f xosc
(8 DEVIATION _ M ) 2 DEVIATION _ E
217
Table 25: Symbol Encoding for 2-FSK/GFSK
and 4-FSK Modulation
1/Baud Rate
1/Baud Rate
+1
+1/3
-1/3
-1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
Preamble
0xAA
0
0
Sync
0xD3
1
1
00 01 01 11 10 00 11 01
Data
0x17 0x8D
Figure 16: Data Sent Over the Air (MDMCFG2.MOD_FORMAT=100)
SWRS109
Page 34 of 76
CC110L
16.2 Amplitude Modulation
The amplitude modulation supported by CC110L
is On-Off Keying (OOK).
OOK modulation simply turns the PA on or off
to modulate ones and zeros respectively.
When using OOK, the AGC settings from the
SmartRF Studio [4] preferred FSK
settings are not optimum. DN022 [11] gives
guidelines on how to find optimum OOK
settings from the preferred settings in
SmartRF Studio [4]. The DEVIATN register
setting has no effect in either TX or RX when
using OOK.
17 Received Signal Qualifiers and RSSI
CC110L has several qualifiers that can be used
Carrier Sense
to increase the likelihood that a valid sync
word is detected:
Clear Channel Assessment
Sync Word Qualifier
RSSI
17.1
Sync Word Qualifier
If sync word detection in RX is enabled in the
MDMCFG2 register, the CC110L will not start
filling the RX FIFO and perform the packet
filtering described in Section 15.2 before a
valid sync word has been detected. The sync
word
qualifier
mode
is
set
by
MDMCFG2.SYNC_MODE and is summarized in
Table 26. Carrier sense in Table 26 is
described in Section 17.3.
MDMCFG2.
SYNC_MODE
Sync Word Qualifier Mode
000
No preamble/sync
001
15/16 sync word bits detected
010
16/16 sync word bits detected
011
30/32 sync word bits detected
100
No preamble/sync + carrier sense above
threshold
101
15/16 + carrier sense above threshold
110
16/16 + carrier sense above threshold
111
30/32 + carrier sense above threshold
Table 26: Sync Word Qualifier Mode
17.2 RSSI
The RSSI value is an estimate of the signal
power level in the chosen channel. This value
is based on the current gain setting in the RX
chain and the measured signal level in the
channel.
(BW channel is defined in Section 13) and
AGCCTRL0.FILTER_LENGTH.
In RX mode, the RSSI value can be read
continuously from the RSSI status register
until the demodulator detects a sync word
(when sync word detection is enabled). At that
point the RSSI readout value is frozen until the
next time the chip enters the RX state.
If PKTCTRL1.APPEND_STATUS is enabled,
the last RSSI value of the packet is
automatically added to the first byte appended
after the payload.
Note: It takes some time from the radio
enters RX mode until a valid RSSI value is
present in the RSSI register. Please see
DN505 [9] for details on how the RSSI
response time can be estimated.
f RSSI
2 BWchannel
8 2FILTER _ LENGTH
The RSSI value read from the RSSI status
register is a 2‟s complement number. The
following procedure can be used to convert the
RSSI reading to an absolute power level
(RSSI_dBm)
The RSSI value is given in dBm with a ½ dB
resolution. The RSSI update rate, fRSSI,
depends on the receiver filter bandwidth
SWRS109
Page 35 of 76
CC110L
1) Read the RSSI status register
4) Else if RSSI_dec < 128 then RSSI_dBm =
(RSSI_dec)/2 – RSSI_offset
2) Convert the reading from a hexadecimal
number to a decimal number (RSSI_dec)
Table 27 gives typical values for the
RSSI_offset. Figure 17 and Figure 18 show
typical plots of RSSI readings as a function of
input power level for different data rates.
3) If RSSI_dec ≥ 128 then RSSI_dBm =
(RSSI_dec - 256)/2 – RSSI_offset
Data rate [kBaud]
RSSI_offset [dB], 433 MHz
RSSI_offset [dB], 868 MHz
1.2
74
74
38.4
74
74
250
74
74
Table 27: Typical RSSI_offset Values
0
-10
-20
RSSI Readout [dBm]
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Input Power [dBm]
1.2 kBaud
38.4 kBaud
250 kBaud
Figure 17: Typical RSSI Value vs. Input Power Level for Different Data Rates at 433 MHz
SWRS109
Page 36 of 76
CC110L
0
-10
-20
RSSI Readout [dBm]
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Input Power [dBm]
1.2 kBaud
38.4 kBaud
250 kBaud
Figure 18: Typical RSSI Value vs. Input Power Level for Different Data Rates at 868 MHz
17.3 Carrier Sense (CS)
Carrier sense (CS) is used as a sync word
qualifier and for Clear Channel Assessment
(see Section 17.4). CS can be asserted based
on two conditions which can be individually
adjusted:
CS is asserted when the RSSI is above a
programmable absolute threshold, and deasserted when RSSI is below the same
threshold (with hysteresis). See more in
Section 17.3.1.
CS is asserted when the RSSI has
increased with a programmable number of
dB from one RSSI sample to the next, and
de-asserted when RSSI has decreased
with the same number of dB. This setting
is not dependent on the absolute signal
level and is thus useful to detect signals in
environments with time varying noise floor.
See more in Section 17.3.2.
Carrier sense can be used as a sync word
qualifier that requires the signal level to be
higher than the threshold for a sync word
search to be performed and is set by setting
MDMCFG2 The carrier sense signal can be
observed on one of the GDO pins by setting
IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=14 and in the status
register bit PKTSTATUS.CS.
Other uses of Carrier sense include the TX-ifCCA function (see Section 17.4 on page 38)
and the optional fast RX termination (see
Section 18.5 on page 41).
SWRS109
CS can be used to avoid interference from
other RF sources in the ISM bands.
17.3.1 CS Absolute Threshold
The absolute threshold related to the RSSI
value depends on the following register fields:
AGCCTRL2.MAX_LNA_GAIN
AGCCTRL2.MAX_DVGA_GAIN
AGCCTRL1.CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR
AGCCTRL2.MAGN_TARGET
For given AGCCTRL2.MAX_LNA_GAIN and
AGCCTRL2.MAX_DVGA_GAIN settings, the
absolute threshold can be adjusted ±7 dB in
steps
of
1
dB
using
CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR.
The MAGN_TARGET setting is a compromise
between blocker tolerance/selectivity and
sensitivity. The value sets the desired signal
level in the channel into the demodulator.
Increasing this value reduces the headroom
for blockers, and therefore close-in selectivity.
It is strongly recommended to use SmartRF
Studio
[4]
to
generate
the
correct
MAGN_TARGET setting. Table 28 shows the
typical RSSI readout values at the CS
threshold at 250 kBaud data rate. The default
reset value for CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR
(0 dB) has been used. MAGN_TARGET=111
(42 dB) have been used for the 250 kBaud
Page 37 of 76
CC110L
data rate. For other data rates, the user must
generate similar tables to find the CS absolute
threshold.
MAX_LNA_GAIN[2:0]
MAX_DVGA_GAIN[1:0]
If the threshold is set high, i.e. only strong
signals are wanted, the threshold should be
adjusted upwards by first reducing the
MAX_LNA_GAIN
value
and
then
the
MAX_DVGA_GAIN value. This will reduce
power consumption in the receiver front end,
since the highest gain settings are avoided.
00
01
10
11
000
−90.5
−84.5
−78.5
−72.5
001
−88
−82
−76
−70
17.3.2 CS Relative Threshold
010
−84.5
−78.5
−72
−66
011
−82.5
−76.5
−70
−64
100
−80.5
−74.5
−68
−62
101
−78
−72
−66
−60
110
−76.5
−70
−64
−58
111
−74.5
−68
−62
−56
The relative threshold detects sudden changes
in the measured signal level. This setting does
not depend on the absolute signal level and is
thus useful to detect signals in environments
with a time varying noise floor. The register
field AGCCTRL1.CARRIER_SENSE_REL_THR
is used to enable/disable relative CS, and to
select threshold of 6 dB, 10 dB, or 14 dB RSSI
change.
Table 28: Typical RSSI Value in dBm at CS
Threshold with MAGN_TARGET = 7 (42 dB) at
250 kBaud, 868 MHz
17.4 Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)
The Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) is used
to indicate if the current channel is free or
busy. The current CCA state is viewable on
any of the GDO pins by setting
IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG=0x09.
becomes available, the radio will not enter TX
or FSTXON state before a new strobe
command is sent on the SPI interface. This
feature is called TX-if-CCA. Four CCA
requirements can be programmed:
MCSM1.CCA_MODE selects the mode to use
when determining CCA.
Always (CCA disabled, always goes to TX)
When the STX or SFSTXON command strobe is
given while CC110L is in the RX state, the TX or
FSTXON state is only entered if the clear
channel requirements are fulfilled. Otherwise,
the chip will remain in RX. If the channel then
SWRS109
If RSSI is below threshold
Unless currently receiving a packet
Both the above (RSSI below threshold and
not currently receiving a packet)
Page 38 of 76
CC110L
18 Radio Control
SIDLE
SPWD
SLEEP
0
CAL_COMPLETE
MANCAL
3,4,5
IDLE
1
CSn = 0
SXOFF
SCAL
CSn = 0
XOFF
2
SRX | STX | SFSTXON
FS_WAKEUP
6,7
FS_AUTOCAL = 01
&
SRX | STX | SFSTXON
FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 10 | 11
&
SRX | STX | SFSTXON
CALIBRATE
8
CAL_COMPLETE
SETTLING
9,10,11
SFSTXON
FSTXON
18
STX
SRX
STX
TXOFF_MODE=01
SFSTXON | RXOFF_MODE = 01
STX | RXOFF_MODE = 10
TXOFF_MODE = 10
SRX
RXTX_SETTLING
21
TX
19,20
SRX | TXOFF_MODE = 11
RX
13,14,15
RXOFF_MODE = 11
TXRX_SETTLING
16
RXOFF_MODE = 00
&
FS_AUTOCAL = 10 | 11
TXOFF_MODE = 00
&
FS_AUTOCAL = 10 | 11
TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW
( STX | SFSTXON ) & CCA
|
RXOFF_MODE = 01 | 10
CALIBRATE
12
TXOFF_MODE = 00
&
FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 01
TX_UNDERFLOW
22
SFTX
RXOFF_MODE = 00
&
FS_AUTOCAL = 00 | 01
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW
RX_OVERFLOW
17
SFRX
IDLE
1
Figure 19: Complete Radio Control State Diagram
CC110L has a built-in state machine that is used
to switch between different operational states
(modes). The change of state is done either by
using command strobes or by internal events
such as TX FIFO underflow.
shown in Figure 10 on page 22. The complete
radio control state diagram is shown in Figure
19. The numbers refer to the state number
readable in the MARCSTATE status register.
This register is primarily for test purposes.
A simplified state diagram, together with
typical usage and current consumption, is
SWRS109
Page 39 of 76
CC110L
18.1 Power-On Start-Up Sequence
When the power supply is turned on, the
system must be reset. This is achieved by one
of the two sequences described below, i.e.
automatic power-on reset (POR) or manual
reset. After the automatic power-on reset or
manual reset, it is also recommended to
change the signal that is output on the GDO0
pin. The default setting is to output a clock
signal with a frequency of CLK_XOSC/192.
However, to optimize performance in TX and
RX, an alternative GDO setting from the
settings found in Table 36 on page 48 should
be selected.
18.1.2 Manual Reset
The other global reset possibility on CC110L
uses the SRES command strobe. By issuing
this strobe, all internal registers and states are
set to the default, IDLE state. The manual
power-up sequence is as follows (see Figure
21):
Set SCLK = 1 and SI = 0.
Strobe CSn low / high.
Hold CSn low and then high for at least
40 µs relative to pulling CSn low
Pull CSn low and wait for SO to go low
(CHIP_RDYn).
18.1.1 Automatic POR
A power-on reset circuit is included in the
CC110L. The minimum requirements stated in
Table 16 must be followed for the power-on
reset to function properly. The internal powerup sequence is completed when CHIP_RDYn
goes low. CHIP_RDYn is observed on the SO
pin after CSn is pulled low. See Section 10.1
for more details on CHIP_RDYn.
When the CC110L reset is completed, the chip
will be in the IDLE state and the crystal
oscillator will be running. If the chip has had
sufficient time for the crystal oscillator to
stabilize after the power-on-reset, the SO pin
will go low immediately after taking CSn low. If
CSn is taken low before reset is completed,
the SO pin will first go high, indicating that the
crystal oscillator is not stabilized, before going
low as shown in Figure 20.
Issue the SRES strobe on the SI line.
When SO goes low again, reset is
complete and the chip is in the IDLE state.
XOSC and voltage regulator switched on
40 us
CSn
SO
XOSC Stable
SI
SRES
Figure 21: Power-On Reset with SRES
CSn
Note that the above reset procedure is
only required just after the power supply is
first turned on. If the user wants to reset
the CC110L after this, it is only necessary to
issue an SRES command strobe.
SO
XOSC Stable
Figure 20: Power-On Reset
18.2 Crystal Control
The crystal oscillator (XOSC) is either
automatically controlled or always on, if
MCSM0.XOSC_FORCE_ON is set.
In the automatic mode, the XOSC will be
turned off if the SXOFF or SPWD command
strobes are issued; the state machine then
goes to XOFF or SLEEP respectively. This
can only be done from the IDLE state. The
XOSC will be turned off when CSn is released
(goes high). The XOSC will be automatically
turned on again when CSn goes low. The
SWRS109
state machine will then go to the IDLE state.
The SO pin on the SPI interface must be
pulled low before the SPI interface is ready to
be used as described in Section 10.1 on page
25.
If the XOSC is forced on, the crystal will
always stay on even in the SLEEP state.
Crystal oscillator start-up time depends on
crystal ESR and load capacitances. The
Page 40 of 76
CC110L
electrical specification for the crystal oscillator
can be found in Section 4.4 on page 14.
18.3 Voltage Regulator Control
The voltage regulator to the digital core is
controlled by the radio controller. When the
chip enters the SLEEP state which is the state
with the lowest current consumption, the
voltage regulator is disabled. This occurs after
CSn is released when a SPWD command
strobe has been sent on the SPI interface. The
chip is then in the SLEEP state. Setting CSn
low again will turn on the regulator and crystal
oscillator and make the chip enter the IDLE
state.
18.4 Active Modes (RX and TX)
CC110L has two active modes: receive and
transmit. These modes are activated directly
by the MCU by using the SRX and STX
command strobes.
The frequency synthesizer must be calibrated
regularly. CC110L has one manual calibration
option (using the SCAL strobe), and three
automatic calibration options that are
controlled by the MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL setting:
Calibrate when going from IDLE to either
RX or TX (or FSTXON)
Calibrate when going from either RX or TX
1
to IDLE automatically
Calibrate every fourth time when going
from either RX or TX to IDLE
1
automatically
If the radio goes from TX or RX to IDLE by
issuing an SIDLE strobe, calibration will not be
performed. The calibration takes a constant
number of XOSC cycles; see Table 29 for
timing details regarding calibration.
When RX is activated, the chip will remain in
receive mode until a packet is successfully
received or until RX mode terminated due to
lack of carrier sense (see Section 18.5). The
probability that a false sync word is detected
can be reduced by using CS together with
maximum sync word length as described in
Section 17. After a packet is successfully
received, the radio controller goes to the state
indicated by the MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE setting.
The possible destinations are:
RX: Start search for a new packet
Note: When MCSM1.RXOFF_MODE=11
and a packet has been received, it will
take some time before a valid RSSI value
is present in the RSSI register again even
if the radio has never exited RX mode.
This time is the same as the RSSI
response time discussed in DN505 [8].
Similarly, when TX is active the chip will
remain in the TX state until the current packet
has been successfully transmitted. Then the
state will change as indicated by the
MCSM1.TXOFF_MODE setting. The possible
destinations are the same as for RX.
The MCU can manually change the state from
RX to TX and vice versa by using the
command strobes. If the radio controller is
currently in transmit and the SRX strobe is
used, the current transmission will be ended
and the transition to RX will be done.
If the radio controller is in RX when the STX or
SFSTXON command strobes are used, the TXif-CCA function will be used. If the channel is
not clear, the chip will remain in RX. The
MCSM1.CCA_MODE
setting
controls
the
conditions for clear channel assessment. See
Section 17.4 on page 38 for details.
The SIDLE command strobe can always be
used to force the radio controller to go to the
IDLE state.
18.5 RX Termination
IDLE
FSTXON: Frequency synthesizer on and
ready at the TX frequency. Activate TX
with STX
TX: Start sending preamble
1
Not forced in IDLE by issuing an SIDLE
strobe
SWRS109
If the system expects the transmission to have
started when entering RX mode, the
MCSM2.RX_TIME_RSSI function can be used.
The radio controller will then terminate RX if
the first valid carrier sense sample indicates
no carrier (RSSI below threshold). See Section
17.3 on page 37 for details on Carrier Sense.
For OOK modulation, lack of carrier sense is
only considered valid after eight symbol
Page 41 of 76
CC110L
periods. Thus, the MCSM2.RX_TIME_RSSI
function can be used in OOK mode when the
distance between two “1” symbols is eight or
less.
18.6 Timing
18.6.1 Overall State Transition Times
The main radio controller needs to wait in
certain states in order to make sure that the
internal analog/digital parts have settled down
and are ready to operate in the new states. A
number of factors are important for the state
transition times:
The crystal oscillator frequency, fxosc
OOK used or not
The value of the TEST0, TEST1, and
FSCAL3 registers
Table 29 shows timing in crystal clock cycles
for key state transitions.
Note that the TX to IDLE transition time is a
function of data rate (fbaudrate). When OOK is
used (i.e. FREND0.PA_POWER=001b), TX to
IDLE will require 1/8∙fbaudrate longer times than
the time stated in Table 29.
The data rate in cases where OOK is used
Description
Transition Time (FREND0.PA_POWER=0)
Transition Time [µs]
IDLE to RX, no calibration
1953/fxosc
75.1
IDLE to RX, with calibration
1953/fxosc + FS calibration Time
799
IDLE to TX/FSTXON, no calibration
1954/fxosc
75.2
IDLE to TX/FSTXON, with calibration
1953/fxosc + FS calibration Time
799
TX to RX switch
782/fxosc + 0.25/fbaudrate
31.1
RX to TX switch
782/fxosc
30.1
TX to IDLE, no calibration
~0.25/fbaudrate
~1
TX to IDLE, with calibration
~0.25/fbaudrate + FS calibration Time
725
RX to IDLE, no calibration
2/fxosc
~0.1
RX to IDLE, with calibration
2/fxosc + FS calibration Time
724
Manual calibration
283/fxosc + FS calibration Time
735
Table 29: Overall State Transition Times (Example for 26 MHz crystal oscillator, 250 kBaud data
rate, and TEST0 = 0x0B (maximum calibration time)).
18.6.2 Frequency
Time
Synthesizer
Calibration
Table
30
summarizes
the
frequency
synthesizer (FS) calibration times for possible
settings
of
TEST0
and
FSCAL3.CHP_CURR_CAL_EN.
Setting
FSCAL3.CHP_CURR_CAL_EN to 00b disables
the charge pump calibration stage. TEST0 is
set to the values recommended by SmartRF
Studio software [4]. The possible values for
TEST0 when operating with different frequency
bands are 0x09 and 0x0B. SmartRF Studio
software
[4]
always
sets
FSCAL3.CHP_CURR_CAL_EN to 10b.
The calibration time can be reduced from
712/724 µs to 145/157 µs. See Section 26.2
on page 49 for more details.
TEST0
FSCAL3.CHP_CURR_CAL_EN
FS Calibration Time fxosc = 26 MHz
FS Calibration Time fxosc = 27 MHz
0x09
00b
3764/fxosc = 145 us
3764/fxosc = 139 us
0x09
10b
18506/fxosc = 712 us
18506/fxosc = 685 us
0x0B
00b
4073/fxosc = 157 us
4073/fxosc = 151 us
0x0B
10b
18815/fxosc = 724 us
18815/fxosc = 697 us
Table 30. Frequency Synthesizer Calibration Times (26/27 MHz crystal)
SWRS109
Page 42 of 76
CC110L
19 Data FIFO
The CC110L contains two 64-byte FIFOs, one
for received data and one for data to be
transmitted. The SPI interface is used to read
from the RX FIFO and write to the TX FIFO.
Section 10.5 contains details on the SPI FIFO
access. The FIFO controller will detect
overflow in the RX FIFO and underflow in the
TX FIFO.
When writing to the TX FIFO it is the
responsibility of the MCU to avoid TX FIFO
overflow. A TX FIFO overflow will result in an
error in the TX FIFO content.
Likewise, when reading the RX FIFO the MCU
must avoid reading the RX FIFO past its empty
value since a RX FIFO underflow will result in
an error in the data read out of the RX FIFO.
The chip status byte that is available on the
SO pin while transferring the SPI header and
contains the fill grade of the RX FIFO if the
access is a read operation and the fill grade of
the TX FIFO if the access is a write operation.
Section 10.1 on page 25 contains more
details on this.
The number of bytes in the RX FIFO and
TX FIFO can be read from the status registers
RXBYTES.NUM_RXBYTES
and
TXBYTES.NUM_TXBYTES respectively. If a
received data byte is written to the RX FIFO at
the exact same time as the last byte in the
RX FIFO is read over the SPI interface, the
RX FIFO pointer is not properly updated and
the last read byte will be duplicated. To avoid
this problem, the RX FIFO should never be
emptied before the last byte of the packet is
received.
For packet lengths less than 64 bytes it is
recommended to wait until the complete
packet has been received before reading it out
of the RX FIFO.
If the packet length is larger than 64 bytes, the
MCU must determine how many bytes can be
read
from
the
RX
FIFO
(RXBYTES.NUM_RXBYTES-1). The following
software routine can be used:
4. Read the
RX FIFO.
remaining
bytes
from
the
The 4-bit FIFOTHR.FIFO_THR setting is used
to program threshold points in the FIFOs.
Table 31 lists the 16 FIFO_THR settings and
the corresponding thresholds for the RX and
TX FIFOs. The threshold value is coded in
opposite directions for the RX FIFO and
TX FIFO. This gives equal margin to the
overflow and underflow conditions when the
threshold is reached.
FIFO_THR
Bytes in TX FIFO
Bytes in RX FIFO
0 (0000)
61
4
1 (0001)
57
8
2 (0010)
53
12
3 (0011)
49
16
4 (0100)
45
20
5 (0101)
41
24
6 (0110)
37
28
7 (0111)
33
32
8 (1000)
29
36
9 (1001)
25
40
10 (1010)
21
44
11 (1011)
17
48
12 (1100)
13
52
13 (1101)
9
56
14 (1110)
5
60
15 (1111)
1
64
Table 31: FIFO_THR Settings and the
Corresponding FIFO Thresholds
A signal will assert when the number of bytes
in the FIFO is equal to or higher than the
programmed threshold. This signal can be
viewed on the GDO pins (see Table 36 on
page 48).
Figure 22 shows the number of bytes in both
the RX FIFO and TX FIFO when the threshold
signal toggles in the case of FIFO_THR=13.
Figure 23 shows the signal on the GDO pin as
the respective FIFO is filled above the
threshold, and then drained below in the case
of FIFO_THR=13.
RXBYTES.NUM_RXBYTES
repeatedly at a rate specified to be at least
twice that of which RF bytes are received
until the same value is returned twice;
store value in n.
1. Read
2. If n < # of bytes remaining in packet, read
n-1 bytes from the RX FIFO.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until n = # of bytes
remaining in packet.
SWRS109
Page 43 of 76
CC110L
Overflow
margin
FIFO_THR=13
NUM_RXBYTES
53 54 55 56 57 56 55 54 53
GDO
NUM_TXBYTES
56 bytes
7
8
9 10 9
8
7
6
GDO
Figure 23: Number of Bytes in FIFO vs. the
GDO Signal (GDOx_CFG=0x00 in RX and
GDOx_CFG=0x02 in TX, FIFO_THR=13)
FIFO_THR=13
Underflow
margin
RXFIFO
6
8 bytes
TXFIFO
Figure 22 Example of FIFOs at Threshold
20 Frequency Programming
The carrier frequency of the CC110L radio is
given by the following equation:
f carrier
f XOSC
FREQ
216
where FREQ is the 24 bit frequency word
located in the FREQ2, FREQ1, and FREQ0
registers
f IF
f XOSC
FREQ _ IF
210
If any frequency programming register is
altered when the frequency synthesizer is
running, the synthesizer may give an
undesired response. Hence, the frequency
should only be updated when the radio is in
the IDLE state
The preferred IF frequency is programmed
with the FSCTRL1.FREQ_IF register. The IF
frequency is given by:
21 VCO
The VCO is completely integrated on-chip.
21.1 VCO and PLL Self-Calibration
The VCO characteristics vary with temperature
and supply voltage changes as well as the
desired operating frequency. In order to
ensure reliable operation, CC110L includes
frequency synthesizer self-calibration circuitry.
This calibration should be done regularly, and
must be performed after turning on power and
before using a new frequency. The number of
XOSC cycles for completing the PLL
calibration is given in Table 29 on page 42.
The calibration can be initiated automatically
or manually. The synthesizer can be
automatically calibrated each time the
synthesizer is turned on, or each time the
synthesizer is turned off automatically. This is
configured with the MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL
register setting. In manual mode, the
calibration is initiated when the SCAL
SWRS109
command strobe is activated in the IDLE
mode.
Note:
The
calibration
values
are
maintained in SLEEP mode, so the
calibration is still valid after waking up from
SLEEP mode unless supply voltage or
temperature has changed significantly.
To check that the PLL is in lock, the user can
program register IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG
to
0x0A, and use the lock detector output
available on the GDOx pin as an interrupt for
the MCU (x = 0,1, or 2). A positive transition
on the GDOx pin means that the PLL is in
lock. As an alternative the user can read
register FSCAL1. The PLL is in lock if the
register content is different from 0x3F. Refer
also to the CC110L Errata Notes [3].
Page 44 of 76
CC110L
For more robust operation, the source code
could include a check so that the PLL is re-
calibrated until PLL lock is achieved if the PLL
does not lock the first time.
22 Voltage Regulators
CC110L contains several on-chip linear voltage
regulators that generate the supply voltages
needed by low-voltage modules. These
voltage regulators are invisible to the user, and
can be viewed as integral parts of the various
modules. The user must however make sure
that the absolute maximum ratings and
required pin voltages in Table 19 and Table 17
are not exceeded.
By setting the CSn pin low, the voltage
regulator to the digital core turns on and the
crystal oscillator starts. The SO pin on the SPI
interface must go low before the first positive
edge of SCLK (setup time is given in Table
19).
If the chip is programmed to enter power-down
mode (SPWD strobe issued), the power will be
turned off after CSn goes high. The power and
crystal oscillator will be turned on again when
CSn goes low.
The voltage regulator for the digital core
requires one external decoupling capacitor.
The voltage regulator output should only be
used for driving the CC110L.
23 Output Power Programming
The RF output power level from the device has
two levels of programmability. The PATABLE
register can hold two user selected output
power settings and the FREND0.PA_POWER
value selects the PATABLE entry to use (0 or
1). PATABLE must be programmed in burst
mode if writing to other entries than
PATABLE[0].See Section 10.6 on page 27
for more programming details.
Table 34 contains recommended PATABLE
settings for various output levels and
frequency bands. DN013 [10] gives the
complete tables for the different frequency
bands using multi-layer inductors. Using PA
settings from 0x61 to 0x6F is not allowed.
Table 35 contains output power and current
consumption for default PATABLE setting
(0xC6). The measurements are done on [2].
For OOK modulation, FREND0.PA_POWER
should be 1 and the logic 0 and logic 1 power
levels shall be programmed to index 0 and 1
respectively. For all other modulation formats,
the desired output power should be
programmed to index 0.
Note: All content of the PATABLE except
for the first byte (index 0) is lost when
entering the SLEEP state.
868 MHz
915 MHz
Output Power [dBm]
Setting
Current Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
Setting
Current Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
12/11
0xC0
34.2
0xC0
33.4
10
0xC5
30.0
0xC3
30.7
7
0xCD
25.8
0xCC
25.7
5
0x86
19.9
0x84
20.2
0
0x50
16.8
0x8E
17.2
−6
0x37
16.4
0x38
17.0
−10
0x26
14.5
0x27
14.8
−15
0x1D
13.3
0x1E
13.3
−20
0x17
12.6
0x0E
12.5
−30
0x03
12.0
0x03
11.9
Table 32: Optimum PATABLE Settings for Various Output Power Levels Using Wire-Wound
Inductors in 868/915 MHz Frequency Bands
SWRS109
Page 45 of 76
CC110L
868 MHz
915 MHz
Default Power
Setting
Output Power
[dBm]
Current
Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
Output Power
[dBm]
Current
Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
0xC6
9.6
29.4
8.9
28.7
Table 33: Output Power and Current Consumption for Default PATABLE Setting Using WireWound Inductors in 868/915 MHz Frequency Bands
868 MHz
915 MHz
Output Power [dBm]
Setting
Current
Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
Setting
Current
Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
10
0xC2
32.4
0xC0
31.8
7
0xCB
26.8
0xC7
26.9
5
0x81
21.0
0xCD
24.3
0
0x50
16.9
0x8E
16.7
−10
0x27
15.0
0x27
14.9
−15
0x1E
13.4
0x1E
13.4
−20
0x0F
12.7
0x0E
12.6
−30
0x03
12.1
0x03
12.0
Table 34: Optimum PATABLE Settings for Various Output Power Levels Using Multi-layer
Inductors in 868/915 MHz Frequency Bands
868 MHz
915 MHz
Default Power
Setting
Output Power
[dBm]
Current
Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
Output Power
[dBm]
Current
Consumption,
Typ. [mA]
0xC6
8.5
29.5
7.2
27.4
Table 35: Output Power and Current Consumption for Default PATABLE Setting Using Multilayer Inductors in 868/915 MHz Frequency Bands
24 General Purpose / Test Output Control Pins
The three digital output pins GDO0, GDO1,
and GDO2 are general control pins configured
with
IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG,
IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG, and IOCFG2.GDO2_CFG
respectively. Table 36 shows the different
signals that can be monitored on the GDO
pins. These signals can be used as inputs to
the MCU.
GDO1 is the same pin as the SO pin on the
SPI interface, thus the output programmed on
this pin will only be valid when CSn is high.
The default value for GDO1 is 3-stated which
is useful when the SPI interface is shared with
other devices.
The default value for
GDO0 is a
135-141 kHz clock output (XOSC frequency
divided by 192). Since the XOSC is turned on
SWRS109
at power-on-reset, this can be used to clock
the MCU in systems with only one crystal.
When the MCU is up and running, it can
change the clock frequency by writing to
IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG.
If the IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG setting is less than
0x20 and IOCFGx_GDOx_INV is 0 (1), the
GDO0 and GDO2 pins will be hardwired to 0
(1), and the GDO1 pin will be hardwired to 1
(0) in the SLEEP state. These signals will be
hardwired until the CHIP_RDYn signal goes
low.
If the IOCFGx.GDOx_CFG setting is 0x20 or
higher, the GDO pins will work as programmed
also in SLEEP state. As an example, GDO1 is
high
impedance
in
all
states
if
IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG=0x2E.
Page 46 of 76
CC110L
GDOx_CFG[5:0]
Description
0 (0x00)
Associated to the RX FIFO: Asserts when RX FIFO is filled at or above the RX FIFO threshold. Deasserts when RX FIFO is drained below the same threshold.
1 (0x01)
Associated to the RX FIFO: Asserts when RX FIFO is filled at or above the RX FIFO threshold or the
end of packet is reached. De-asserts when the RX FIFO is empty.
2 (0x02)
Associated to the TX FIFO: Asserts when the TX FIFO is filled at or above the TX FIFO threshold. Deasserts when the TX FIFO is below the same threshold.
3 (0x03)
Associated to the TX FIFO: Asserts when TX FIFO is full. De-asserts when the TX FIFO is drained
below the TX FIFO threshold.
4 (0x04)
Asserts when the RX FIFO has overflowed. De-asserts when the FIFO has been flushed.
5 (0x05)
Asserts when the TX FIFO has underflowed. De-asserts when the FIFO is flushed.
6 (0x06)
Asserts when sync word has been sent / received, and de-asserts at the end of the packet. In RX, the
pin will also de-assert when a packet is discarded due to address or maximum length filtering or when
the radio enters RXFIFO_OVERFLOW state. In TX the pin will de-assert if the TX FIFO underflows.
7 (0x07)
Asserts when a packet has been received with CRC OK. De-asserts when the first byte is read from
the RX FIFO.
8 (0x08)
Reserved - used for test.
9 (0x09)
Clear channel assessment. High when RSSI level is below threshold (dependent on the current
CCA_MODE setting).
10 (0x0A)
Lock detector output. The PLL is in lock if the lock detector output has a positive transition or is
constantly logic high. To check for PLL lock the lock detector output should be used as an interrupt for
the MCU.
11 (0x0B)
Serial Clock. Synchronous to the data in synchronous serial mode.
In RX mode, data is set up on the falling edge by CC110L when GDOx_INV=0.
In TX mode, data is sampled by CC110L on the rising edge of the serial clock when GDOx_INV=0.
12 (0x0C)
Serial Synchronous Data Output. Used for synchronous serial mode.
13 (0x0D)
Serial Data Output. Used for asynchronous serial mode.
14 (0x0E)
Carrier sense. High if RSSI level is above threshold. Cleared when entering IDLE mode.
15 (0x0F)
CRC_OK. The last CRC comparison matched. Cleared when entering/restarting RX mode.
16 (0x10) - 26 (0x1A)
Reserved - used for test.
27 (0x1B)
PA_PD. Note: PA_PD will have the same signal level in SLEEP and TX states. To control an external
PA or RX/TX switch in applications where the SLEEP state is used it is recommended to use
GDOx_CFGx=0x2F instead.
28 (0x1C)
LNA_PD. Note: LNA_PD will have the same signal level in SLEEP and RX states. To control an
external LNA or RX/TX switch in applications where the SLEEP state is used it is recommended to
use GDOx_CFGx=0x2F instead.
29 (0x1D) - 38 (0x26)
Reserved - used for test.
39 (0x27)
CLK_32k.
40 (0x28)
Reserved - used for test.
41 (0x29)
CHIP_RDYn.
42 (0x2A)
Reserved - used for test.
43 (0x2B)
XOSC_STABLE.
44 (0x2C) - 45 (0x2D)
Reserved - used for test.
46 (0x2E)
High impedance (3-state).
47 (0x2F)
HW to 0 (HW1 achieved by setting GDOx_INV=1). Can be used to control an external LNA/PA or
RX/TX switch.
SWRS109
Page 47 of 76
CC110L
GDOx_CFG[5:0]
Description
48 (0x30)
CLK_XOSC/1
49 (0x31)
CLK_XOSC/1.5
50 (0x32)
CLK_XOSC/2
51 (0x33)
CLK_XOSC/3
52 (0x34)
CLK_XOSC/4
53 (0x35)
CLK_XOSC/6
54 (0x36)
CLK_XOSC/8
55 (0x37)
CLK_XOSC/12
56 (0x38)
CLK_XOSC/16
57 (0x39)
CLK_XOSC/24
58 (0x3A)
CLK_XOSC/32
59 (0x3B)
CLK_XOSC/48
60 (0x3C)
CLK_XOSC/64
61 (0x3D)
CLK_XOSC/96
62 (0x3E)
CLK_XOSC/128
63 (0x3F)
CLK_XOSC/192
Note: There are 3 GDO pins, but only one CLK_XOSC/n can be selected as an
output at any time. If CLK_XOSC/n is to be monitored on one of the GDO pins, the
other two GDO pins must be configured to values less than 0x30. The GDO0
default value is CLK_XOSC/192.
To optimize RF performance, these signals should not be used while the radio is
in RX or TX mode.
Table 36: GDOx Signal Selection (x = 0, 1, or 2)
25 Asynchronous and Synchronous Serial Operation
Several features and modes of operation have
been included in the CC110L to provide
backward compatibility with previous Chipcon
products and other existing RF communication
systems. For new systems, it is recommended
to use the built-in packet handling features, as
they can give more robust communication,
significantly offload the microcontroller, and
simplify software development.
25.1 Asynchronous Serial Operation
Asynchronous transfer is included in the
CC110L for backward compatibility with systems
that are already using the asynchronous data
transfer.
When asynchronous transfer is enabled, all
packet handling support is disabled and it is
not possible to use Manchester encoding.
Asynchronous serial mode is enabled by
setting PKTCTRL0.PKT_FORMAT
to 3.
Strobing STX will configure the GDO0 pin as
data input (TX data) regardless of the content
of the IOCFG0 register. Data output can be on
GDO0, GDO1, or GDO2. This is set by the
IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG,
IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG
and IOCFG2.GDO2_CFG fields
The CC110L modulator samples the level of the
asynchronous input 8 times faster than the
programmed data rate. The timing requirement
for the asynchronous stream is that the error in
the bit period must be less than one eighth of
the programmed data rate.
SWRS109
In asynchronous serial mode no data decision
is done on-chip and the raw data is put on the
data output line. When using asynchronous
serial mode make sure the interfacing MCU
does proper oversampling and that it can
handle the jitter on the data output line. The
MCU should tolerate a jitter of ±1/8 of a bit
period as the data stream is time-discrete
using 8 samples per bit.
In asynchronous serial mode there will be
glitches of 37 - 38.5 ns duration (1/XOSC)
occurring infrequently and with random
periods. A simple RC filter can be added to the
data output line between CC110L and the MCU
to get rid of the 37 - 38.5 ns glitches if
considered a problem. The filter 3 dB cut-off
frequency needs to be high enough so that the
data is not filtered and at the same time low
enough to remove the glitch. As an example,
for 2.4 kBaud data rate a 1 kΩ resistor and
2.7 nF capacitor can be used. This gives a 3
dB cut-off frequency of 59 kHz.
Page 48 of 76
CC110L
25.2 Synchronous Serial Operation
Setting
PKTCTRL0.PKT_FORMAT
to
1
enables synchronous serial mode. When using
this mode, sync detection should be disabled
together
with
CRC
calculation
(MDMCFG2.SYNC_MODE=000
and
PKTCTRL0.CRC_EN=0).
Infinite
packet
length
mode
should
be
used
(PKTCTRL0.LENGTH_CONFIG=10b).
configured as an input when TX is active. The
TX latency is 8 bits.The data output pin can be
any of the GDO pins. This is set by the
IOCFG0.GDO0_CFG,
IOCFG1.GDO1_CFG,
and IOCFG2.GDO2_CFG fields. The RX
latency is 9 bits.
In synchronous serial mode, data is
transferred on a two-wire serial interface. The
CC110L provides a clock that is used to set up
new data on the data input line or sample data
on the data output line. Data input (TX data) is
on the GDO0 pin. This pin will automatically be
The MCU must handle preamble and sync
word insertion/detection in software, together
with CRC calculation and insertion.
The MCU must handle preamble and sync
word detection in software.
26 System Considerations and Guidelines
26.1 SRD Regulations
International regulations and national laws
regulate the use of radio receivers and
transmitters. Short Range Devices (SRDs) for
license free operation below 1 GHz are usually
operated in the 315 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 MHz
or 915 MHz frequency bands. The CC110L is
specifically designed for such use with its
300 - 348 MHz, 387 - 464 MHz, and
779 - 928 MHz operating ranges. The most
important regulations when using the CC110L in
the 315 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 MHz, or 915 MHz
frequency bands are EN 300 220 V2.3.1
(Europe) and FCC CFR47 Part 15 (USA).
For compliance with modulation bandwidth
requirements under EN 300 220 V2.3.1 in the
863 to 870 MHz frequency range it is
recommended to use a 26 MHz crystal for
frequencies below 869 MHz and a 27 MHz
crystal for frequencies above 869 MHz.
Please note that compliance with regulations
is dependent on the complete system
performance. It is the customer‟s responsibility
to ensure that the system complies with
regulations.
26.2 Frequency Hopping and Multi-Channel Systems
CC110L is highly suited for FHSS or multichannel systems due to its agile frequency
synthesizer and effective communication
interface.
Charge pump current, VCO current, and VCO
capacitance array calibration data is required
for each frequency when implementing
frequency hopping for CC110L. There are 3
ways of obtaining the calibration data from the
chip:
1) Frequency hopping with calibration for each
hop. The PLL calibration time is 712/724 µs
(26 MHz crystal and TEST0 = 0x09/0B, see
Table 30). The blanking interval between each
frequency hop is then 787/799 µs.
must be found for each RF frequency to be
used. The VCO current calibration value and
the charge pump current calibration value
available in FSCAL2 and FSCAL3 respectively
are not dependent on the RF frequency, so the
same value can therefore be used for all RF
frequencies for these two registers. Between
each frequency hop, the calibration process
can then be replaced by writing the FSCAL3,
FSCAL2 and FSCAL1 register values that
corresponds to the next RF frequency. The
PLL turn on time is approximately 75 µs (
Table 29). The blanking interval between each
frequency hop is then approximately 75 µs.
2) Fast frequency hopping without calibration
for each hop can be done by performing the
necessary calibrating at startup and saving the
resulting FSCAL3, FSCAL2, and FSCAL1
register values in MCU memory. The VCO
capacitance calibration FSCAL1 register value
SWRS109
Page 49 of 76
CC110L
3) Run calibration on a single frequency at
startup. Next write 0 to FSCAL3[5:4] to
disable the charge pump calibration. After
writing to FSCAL3[5:4], strobe SRX (or STX)
with MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1 for each new
frequency hop. That is, VCO current and VCO
capacitance calibration is done, but not charge
pump current calibration. When charge pump
current calibration is disabled the calibration
time is reduced from 712/724 µs to 145/157 µs
(26 MHz crystal and TEST0 = 0x09/0B, see
Table 30). The blanking interval between each
frequency hop is then 220/232 µs.
There is a trade off between blanking time and
memory space needed for storing calibration
data in non-volatile memory. Solution 2) above
gives the shortest blanking interval, but
requires more memory space to store
calibration values. This solution also requires
that the supply voltage and temperature do not
vary much in order to have a robust solution.
Solution 3) gives 567 µs smaller blanking
interval than solution 1).
The
recommended
settings
for
TEST0.VCO_SEL_CAL_EN
change
with
frequency. This means that one should always
use SmartRF Studio [4] to get the correct
settings for a specific frequency before doing a
calibration, regardless of which calibration
method is being used.
Note: The content in the TEST0 register is
not retained in SLEEP state, thus it is
necessary to re-write this register when
returning from the SLEEP state.
26.3 Wideband Modulation when not Using Spread Spectrum
Digital modulation systems under FCC Section
15.247 include 2-FSK, GFSK, and 4-FSK
modulation. A maximum peak output power of
1 W (+30 dBm) is allowed if the 6 dB
bandwidth of the modulated signal exceeds
500 kHz. In addition, the peak power spectral
density conducted to the antenna shall not be
greater than +8 dBm in any 3 kHz band.
Operating at high data rates and frequency
separation, the CC110L is suited for systems
targeting compliance with digital modulation
system as defined by FCC Section 15.247. An
external power amplifier such as CC1190 [13] is
needed to increase the output above +11
dBm. Please refer to DN006 [8] for further
details concerning wideband modulation and
CC110L.
26.4 Data Burst Transmissions
The high maximum data rate of CC110L opens
up for burst transmissions. A low average data
rate link (e.g. 10 kBaud) can be realized by
using a higher over-the-air data rate. Buffering
the data and transmitting in bursts at high data
rate (e.g. 500 kBaud) will reduce the time in
active mode, and hence also reduce the
average current consumption significantly.
Reducing the time in active mode will reduce
the likelihood of collisions with other systems
in the same frequency range.
Note: The sensitivity and thus transmission
range is reduced for high data rate bursts
compared to lower data rates.
26.5 Continuous Transmissions
In data streaming applications, the CC110L
opens up for continuous transmissions at
500 kBaud effective data rate. As the
modulation is done with a closed loop PLL,
there is no limitation in the length of a
transmission (open loop modulation used in
some transceivers often prevents this kind of
continuous data streaming and reduces the
effective data rate).
26.6 Increasing Range
In some applications it may be necessary to
extend the range. The CC1190 [13] is a range
extender for 850-950 MHz RF transceivers,
transmitters, and System-on-Chip devices
from Texas Instruments. It increases the link
budget by providing a power amplifier (PA) for
SWRS109
increased output power, and a low-noise
amplifier (LNA) with low noise figure for
improved receiver sensitivity in addition to
switches and RF matching for simple design of
high performance wireless systems. Refer to
Page 50 of 76
CC110L
AN094 [14] and AN096 [15] for performance
figures of the CC110L + CC1190 combination.
Figure 24 shows a simplified application
circuit.
VDD
VDD
PA_OUT
1
A
P
_
D
D
V
2
A
P
_
D
D
V
A
N
L
_
PA_IN
D
D
V LNA_OUT
RF_P
SAW
RF_N
CC110L
CC1190
TR_SW
GDOx
PA_EN
LNA_EN
LNA_IN
S
A
IB
HGM
Connected to MCU
Connected to
VDD/GND/MCU
Figure 24: Simplified CC110L-CC1190 Application Circuit
27 Configuration Registers
The configuration of CC110L is done by
programming 8-bit registers. The optimum
configuration data based on selected system
parameters are most easily found by using the
SmartRF Studio software [4]. Complete
descriptions of the registers are given in the
following tables. After chip reset, all the
registers have default values as shown in the
tables. The optimum register setting might
differ from the default value. After a reset, all
registers that shall be different from the default
value therefore needs to be programmed
through the SPI interface.
There are also 9 status registers that are listed
in Table 39. These registers, which are readonly, contain information about the status of
CC110L.
There are 11 command strobe registers, listed
in Table 37. Accessing these registers will
initiate the change of an internal state or
mode. There are 42 normal 8-bit configuration
registers listed in Table 38 and SmartRF
Studio [4] will provide recommended settings
2
for these registers .
Table 40 summarizes the SPI address space.
The address to use is given by adding the
base address to the left and the burst and
read/write bits on the top. Note that the burst
bit has different meaning for base addresses
above and below 0x2F.
2
Addresses marked as “Not Used” can be part
of a burst access and one can write a dummy
SWRS109
The two FIFOs are accessed through one 8-bit
register. Write operations write to the TX FIFO,
while read operations read from the RX FIFO.
During the header byte transfer and while
writing data to a register or the TX FIFO, a
status byte is returned on the SO line. This
status byte is described in Table 20 on page
25.
value to them. Addresses marked as
“Reserved” must be configured according to
SmartRF Studio [4]
Page 51 of 76
CC110L
Address
Strobe Name
Description
0x30
SRES
Reset chip.
0x31
SFSTXON
Enable and calibrate frequency synthesizer (if MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1). If in RX (with CCA):
Go to a wait state where only the synthesizer is running (for quick RX / TX turnaround).
0x32
SXOFF
Turn off crystal oscillator.
0x33
SCAL
Calibrate frequency synthesizer and turn it off. SCAL can be strobed from IDLE mode without
setting manual calibration mode (MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=0)
0x34
SRX
In IDLE state: Enable RX. Perform calibration first if MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1.
0x35
STX
In IDLE state: Enable TX. Perform calibration first if MCSM0.FS_AUTOCAL=1.
If in RX state and CCA is enabled: Only go to TX if channel is clear.
0x36
SIDLE
Enter IDLE state
0x37 - 0x38
Reserved
0x39
SPWD
Enter power down mode when CSn goes high.
0x3A
SFRX
Flush the RX FIFO buffer. Only issue SFRX in IDLE or RXFIFO_OVERFLOW states.
0x3B
SFTX
Flush the TX FIFO buffer. Only issue SFTX in IDLE or TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW states.
0x3C
Reserved
0x3D
SNOP
No operation. May be used to get access to the chip status byte.
Table 37: Command Strobes
SWRS109
Page 52 of 76
CC110L
Address
Register
Description
Preserved in
SLEEP State
Details on Page
Number
0x00
IOCFG2
GDO2 output pin configuration
Yes
56
0x01
IOCFG1
GDO1 output pin configuration
Yes
56
0x02
IOCFG0
GDO0 output pin configuration
Yes
56
0x03
FIFOTHR
RX FIFO and TX FIFO thresholds
Yes
57
0x04
SYNC1
Sync word, high byte
Yes
58
0x05
SYNC0
Sync word, low byte
Yes
58
0x06
PKTLEN
Packet length
Yes
58
0x07
PKTCTRL1
Packet automation control
Yes
58
0x08
PKTCTRL0
Packet automation control
Yes
59
0x09
ADDR
Device address
Yes
59
0x0A
RESERVED
0x0B
FSCTRL1
Frequency synthesizer control
Yes
59
0x0C
FSCTRL0
Frequency synthesizer control
Yes
60
0x0D
FREQ2
Frequency control word, high byte
Yes
60
0x0E
FREQ1
Frequency control word, middle byte
Yes
60
0x0F
FREQ0
Frequency control word, low byte
Yes
60
0x10
MDMCFG4
Modem configuration
Yes
60
0x11
MDMCFG3
Modem configuration
Yes
60
0x12
MDMCFG2
Modem configuration
Yes
61
0x13
MDMCFG1
Modem configuration
Yes
62
0x14
Not Used
0x15
DEVIATN
Modem deviation setting
Yes
62
0x16
MCSM2
Main Radio Control State Machine configuration
Yes
62
0x17
MCSM1
Main Radio Control State Machine configuration
Yes
63
0x18
MCSM0
Main Radio Control State Machine configuration
Yes
64
0x19
FOCCFG
Frequency Offset Compensation configuration
Yes
65
0x1A
BSCFG
Bit Synchronization configuration
Yes
66
0x1B
AGCTRL2
AGC control
Yes
67
0x1C
AGCTRL1
AGC control
Yes
68
0x1D
AGCTRL0
AGC control
Yes
69
0x1E - 0x1F
Not Used
0x20
RESERVED
Yes
69
0x21
FREND1
Front end RX configuration
Yes
70
0x22
FREND0
Front end TX configuration
Yes
70
0x23
FSCAL3
Frequency synthesizer calibration
Yes
70
0x24
FSCAL2
Frequency synthesizer calibration
Yes
70
0x25
FSCAL1
Frequency synthesizer calibration
Yes
70
0x26
FSCAL0
Frequency synthesizer calibration
Yes
71
0x27 - 0x28
Not Used
0x29 - 0x2B
RESERVED
No
71
0x2C
TEST2
Various test settings
No
71
0x2D
TEST1
Various test settings
No
71
0x2E
TEST0
Various test settings
No
71
Yes
Table 38: Configuration Registers Overview
SWRS109
Page 53 of 76
CC110L
Address
Register
Description
Details on page number
0x30 (0xF0)
PARTNUM
Part number for CC110L
72
0x31 (0xF1)
VERSION
Current version number
72
0x32 (0xF2)
FREQEST
Frequency Offset Estimate
72
0x33 (0xF3)
CRC_REG
CRC OK
72
0x34 (0xF4)
RSSI
Received signal strength indication
72
0x35 (0xF5)
MARCSTATE
Control state machine state
73
0x36 - 0x37
(0xF6 – 0xF7)
Reserved
0x38 (0xF8)
PKTSTATUS
Current GDOx status and packet status
74
0x39 (0xF9)
Reserved
0x3A (0xFA)
TXBYTES
Underflow and number of bytes in the TX FIFO
74
0x3B (0xFB)
RXBYTES
Overflow and number of bytes in the RX FIFO
74
0x3C - 0x3D
(0xFC - 0xFD)
Reserved
Table 39: Status Registers Overview
SWRS109
Page 54 of 76
CC110L
SRES
SFSTXON
SXOFF
SCAL
SRX
STX
SIDLE
Reserved
Reserved
SPWD
SFRX
SFTX
Reserved
SNOP
PATABLE
TX FIFO
Read
Burst
+0xC0
R/W configuration registers, burst access possible
0x00
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0A
0x0B
0x0C
0x0D
0x0E
0x0F
0x10
0x11
0x12
0x13
0x14
0x15
0x16
0x17
0x18
0x19
0x1A
0x1B
0x1C
0x1D
0x1E
0x1F
0x20
0x21
0x22
0x23
0x24
0x25
0x26
0x27
0x28
0x29
0x2A
0x2B
0x2C
0x2D
0x2E
0x2F
0x30
0x31
0x32
0x33
0x34
0x35
0x36
0x37
0x38
0x39
0x3A
0x3B
0x3C
0x3D
0x3E
0x3F
Single Byte
+0x80
IOCFG2
IOCFG1
IOCFG0
FIFOTHR
SYNC1
SYNC0
PKTLEN
PKTCTRL1
PKTCTRL0
ADDR
RESERVED
FSCTRL1
FSCTRL0
FREQ2
FREQ1
FREQ0
MDMCFG4
MDMCFG3
MDMCFG2
MDMCFG1
Not Used
DEVIATN
MCSM2
MCSM1
MCSM0
FOCCFG
BSCFG
AGCCTRL2
AGCCTRL1
AGCCTRL0
Not Used
Not Used
RESERVED
FREND1
FREND0
FSCAL3
FSCAL2
FSCAL1
FSCAL0
Not Used
Not Used
RESERVED
RESERVED
RESERVED
TEST2
TEST1
TEST0
Not Used
SRES
SFSTXON
SXOFF
SCAL
SRX
STX
SIDLE
Reserved
Reserved
SPWD
SFRX
SFTX
Reserved
SNOP
PATABLE
PATABLE
TX FIFO
RX FIFO
PARTNUM
VERSION
FREQEST
CRC_REG
RSSI
MARCSTATE
Reserved
Reserved
PKTSTATUS
Reserved
TXBYTES
RXBYTES
Reserved
Reserved
PATABLE
RX FIFO
Command Strobes, Status registers
(read only) and multi byte registers
Write
Single Byte
Burst
+0x00
+0x40
Table 40: SPI Address Space
SWRS109
Page 55 of 76
CC110L
27.1 Configuration Register Details - Registers with preserved values in SLEEP state
0x00: IOCFG2 - GDO2 Output Pin Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
7
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
6
GDO2_INV
0
R/W
Invert output, i.e. select active low (1) / high (0)
5:0
GDO2_CFG[5:0]
41 (101001)
R/W
Default is CHP_RDYn (See Table 36 on page 48).
0x01: IOCFG1 - GDO1 Output Pin Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7
GDO_DS
0
R/W
Set high (1) or low (0) output drive strength on the GDO pins.
6
GDO1_INV
0
R/W
Invert output, i.e. select active low (1) / high (0)
5:0
GDO1_CFG[5:0]
46 (101110)
R/W
Default is 3-state (See Table 36 on page 48).
0x02: IOCFG0 - GDO0 Output Pin Configuration
Bit
Field Name
7
Reset
R/W
Description
0
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
6
GDO0_INV
0
R/W
Invert output, i.e. select active low (1) / high (0)
5:0
GDO0_CFG[5:0]
63 (0x3F)
R/W
Default is CLK_XOSC/192 (See Table 36 on page 48).
It is recommended to disable the clock output in initialization, in
order to optimize RF performance.
SWRS109
Page 56 of 76
CC110L
0x03: FIFOTHR - RX FIFO and TX FIFO Thresholds
Bit
Field Name
7
6
ADC_RETENTION
Reset
R/W
Description
0
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0
R/W
0: TEST1 = 0x31 and TEST2= 0x88 when waking up from SLEEP
1: TEST1 = 0x35 and TEST2 = 0x81 when waking up from SLEEP
Note that the changes in the TEST registers due to the ADC_RETENTION bit
setting are only seen INTERNALLY in the analog part. The values read from
the TEST registers when waking up from SLEEP mode will always be the
reset value.
The ADC_RETENTION bit should be set to 1before going into SLEEP mode if
settings with an RX filter bandwidth below 325 kHz are wanted at time of
wake-up.
5:4
3:0
CLOSE_IN_RX[1:0]
FIFO_THR[3:0]
0 (00)
7 (0111)
R/W
R/W
For more details, please see DN010 [5]
Setting
RX Attenuation, Typical Values
0 (00)
0 dB
1 (01)
6 dB
2 (10)
12 dB
3 (11)
18 dB
Set the threshold for the RX FIFO and TX FIFO. The threshold is exceeded
when the number of bytes in the FIFO is equal to or higher than the threshold
value.
Setting
Bytes in RX FIFO
Bytes in TX FIFO
0 (0000)
4
61
1 (0001)
8
57
2 (0010)
12
53
3 (0011)
16
49
4 (0100)
20
45
5 (0101)
24
41
6 (0110)
28
37
7 (0111)
32
33
8 (1000)
36
29
9 (1001)
40
25
10 (1010)
44
21
11 (1011)
48
17
12 (1100)
52
13
13 (1101)
56
9
14 (1110)
60
5
15 (1111)
64
1
SWRS109
Page 57 of 76
CC110L
0x04: SYNC1 - Sync Word, High Byte
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
SYNC[15:8]
211
(0xD3)
R/W
8 MSB of 16-bit sync word
0x05: SYNC0 - Sync Word, Low Byte
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
SYNC[7:0]
145
(0x91)
R/W
8 LSB of 16-bit sync word
0x06: PKTLEN - Packet Length
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
PACKET_LENGTH
255
(0xFF)
R/W
Indicates the packet length when fixed packet length mode is enabled.
If variable packet length mode is used, this value indicates the
maximum packet length allowed. This value must be different from 0.
0x07: PKTCTRL1 - Packet Automation Control
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:5
0 (000)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
4
0
R0
Not Used.
3
CRC_AUTOFLUSH
0
R/W
Enable automatic flush of RX FIFO when CRC is not OK. This requires
that only one packet is in the RX FIFO and that packet length is limited
to the RX FIFO size.
2
APPEND_STATUS
1
R/W
When enabled, two status bytes will be appended to the payload of the
packet. The status bytes contain the RSSI value, as well as CRC OK.
1:0
ADR_CHK[1:0]
0 (00)
R/W
Controls address check configuration of received packages.
Setting
Address check configuration
0 (00)
No address check
1 (01)
Address check, no broadcast
2 (10)
Address check and 0 (0x00) broadcast
3 (11)
Address check and 0 (0x00) and 255 (0xFF) broadcast
SWRS109
Page 58 of 76
CC110L
0x08: PKTCTRL0 - Packet Automation Control
Bit
Field Name
Reset
7
6
5:4
PKT_FORMAT[1:0]
3
2
CRC_EN
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
1
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0 (00)
R/W
Format of RX data
Setting
Packet format
0 (00)
Normal mode, use FIFOs for RX and TX
1 (01)
Synchronous serial mode. Data in on GDO0 and data out on
either of the GDOx pins
2 (10)
Random TX mode; sends random data using PN9 generator.
Used for test.
Works as normal mode, setting 0 (00), in RX
3 (11)
Asynchronous serial mode. Data in on GDO0 and data out on
either of the GDOx pins
0
R0
Not used
1
R/W
1: CRC calculation enabled
0: CRC calculation disabled
1:0
LENGTH_CONFIG[1:0]
1 (01)
R/W
Configure the packet length
Setting
Packet length configuration
0 (00)
Fixed packet length mode. Length configured in PKTLEN
register
1 (01)
Variable packet length mode. Packet length configured by the
first byte after sync word
2 (10)
Infinite packet length mode
3 (11)
Reserved
0x09: ADDR - Device Address
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
DEVICE_ADDR[7:0]
0 (0x00)
R/W
Address used for packet filtration. Optional broadcast addresses are
0 (0x00) and 255 (0xFF).
0x0A: RESERVED
Bit
Field Name
7:0
Reset
R/W
Description
0 (0x00)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0x0B: FSCTRL1 - Frequency Synthesizer Control
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
0
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
15 (01111)
R/W
The desired IF frequency to employ in RX. Subtracted from FS base
frequency in RX and controls the digital complex mixer in the
demodulator.
7:6
5
4:0
FREQ_IF[4:0]
f IF
f XOSC
FREQ _ IF
210
The default value gives an IF frequency of 381kHz, assuming a 26.0
MHz crystal.
SWRS109
Page 59 of 76
CC110L
0x0C: FSCTRL0 - Frequency Synthesizer Control
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
FREQOFF[7:0]
0 (0x00)
R/W
Frequency offset added to the base frequency before being used by the
frequency synthesizer. (2s-complement).
Resolution is FXTAL/214 (1.59kHz-1.65kHz); range is ±202 kHz to ±210 kHz,
dependent of XTAL frequency.
0x0D: FREQ2 - Frequency Control Word, High Byte
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:6
FREQ[23:22]
0 (00)
R
FREQ[23:22] is always 0 (the FREQ2 register is less than 36 with
26 - 27 MHz crystal)
5:0
FREQ[21:16]
30
(011110)
R/W
FREQ[23:0] is the base frequency for the frequency synthesiser in
increments of fXOSC/216.
f carrier
f XOSC
FREQ[23 : 0]
216
0x0E: FREQ1 - Frequency Control Word, Middle Byte
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
FREQ[15:8]
196 (0xC4)
R/W
Ref. FREQ2 register
0x0F: FREQ0 - Frequency Control Word, Low Byte
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
FREQ[7:0]
236 (0xEC)
R/W
Ref. FREQ2 register
0x10: MDMCFG4 - Modem Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
7:6
CHANBW_E[1:0]
2 (10)
R/W
5:4
CHANBW_M[1:0]
0 (00)
R/W
Description
Sets the decimation ratio for the delta-sigma ADC input stream and thus the
channel bandwidth.
BWchannel
f XOSC
8 (4 CHANBW _ M )·2 CHANBW _ E
The default values give 203 kHz channel filter bandwidth, assuming a 26.0
MHz crystal.
3:0
DRATE_E[3:0]
12 (1100)
R/W
The exponent of the user specified symbol rate
0x11: MDMCFG3 - Modem Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
DRATE_M[7:0]
34 (0x22)
R/W
The mantissa of the user specified symbol rate. The symbol rate is
configured using an unsigned, floating-point number with 9-bit mantissa and
4-bit exponent. The 9th bit is a hidden „1‟. The resulting data rate is:
RDATA
(256 DRATE _ M ) 2 DRATE _ E
f XOSC
228
The default values give a data rate of 115.051 kBaud (closest setting to
115.2 kBaud), assuming a 26.0 MHz crystal.
SWRS109
Page 60 of 76
CC110L
0x12: MDMCFG2 - Modem Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7
DEM_DCFILT_OFF
0
R/W
Disable digital DC blocking filter before demodulator.
0 = Enable (better sensitivity)
1 = Disable (current optimized). Only for data rates ≤ 250 kBaud
The recommended IF frequency changes when the DC blocking is disabled.
Please use SmartRF Studio [4] to calculate correct register setting.
6:4
MOD_FORMAT[2:0]
0 (000)
R/W
The modulation format of the radio signal
Setting
Modulation format
0 (000)
2-FSK
1 (001)
GFSK
2 (010)
Reserved
3 (011)
OOK
4 (100)
4-FSK
5 (101)
Reserved
6 (110)
Reserved
7 (111)
Reserved
4-FSK modulation cannot be used together with Manchester encoding
3
MANCHESTER_EN
0
R/W
Enables Manchester encoding/decoding.
0 = Disable
1 = Enable
Manchester encoding cannot be used when using asynchronous serial
mode or 4-FSK modulation
2:0
SYNC_MODE[2:0]
2 (010)
R/W
Combined sync-word qualifier mode.
The values 0 and 4 disables preamble and sync word detection
The values 1, 2, 5, and 6 enables 16-bit sync word detection. Only 15 of 16
bits need to match when using setting 1 or 5. The values 3 and 7 enables
32-bits sync word detection (only 30 of 32 bits need to match).
Setting
Sync-word qualifier mode
0 (000)
No preamble/sync
1 (001)
15/16 sync word bits detected
2 (010)
16/16 sync word bits detected
3 (011)
30/32 sync word bits detected
4 (100)
No preamble/sync, carrier-sense above threshold
5 (101)
15/16 + carrier-sense above threshold
6 (110)
16/16 + carrier-sense above threshold
7 (111)
30/32 + carrier-sense above threshold
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x13: MDMCFG1 - Modem Configuration
Bit
Field Name
7
6:4
NUM_PREAMBLE[2:0]
Reset
R/W
Description
0
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
2 (010)
R/W
Sets the minimum number of preamble bytes to be transmitted
3:2
1:0
2 (10)
Setting
Number of preamble bytes
0 (000)
2
1 (001)
3
2 (010)
4
3 (011)
6
4 (100)
8
5 (101)
12
6 (110)
16
7 (111)
24
R0
Not used
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0x15: DEVIATN - Modem Deviation Setting
Bit
Field Name
Reset
7
6:4
DEVIATION_E[2:0]
4 (100)
3
2:0
DEVIATION_M[2:0]
7 (111)
R/W
Description
R0
Not used.
R/W
Deviation exponent.
R0
Not used.
R/W
RX
2-FSK/
GFSK/
Specifies the expected frequency deviation of
incoming signal, must be approximately right for
demodulation to be performed reliably and robustly.
4-FSK
OOK
This setting has no effect.
TX
2-FSK/
GFSK/
4-FSK
Specifies the nominal frequency deviation from the
carrier for
a „0‟ (-DEVIATN) and „1‟ (+DEVIATN) in a mantissaexponent format, interpreted as a 4-bit value with MSB
implicit 1. The resulting frequency deviation is given
by:
f dev
f xosc
(8 DEVIATION _ M ) 2 DEVIATION _ E
217
The default values give ±47.607 kHz deviation
assuming 26.0 MHz crystal frequency.
OOK
This setting has no effect
0x16: MCSM2 - Main Radio Control State Machine Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
0
R/W
Direct RX termination based on RSSI measurement (carrier sense).
For OOK modulation, RX times out if there is no carrier sense in the
first 8 symbol periods.
7 (0111)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
7:5
4
3:0
RX_TIME_RSSI
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x17: MCSM1 - Main Radio Control State Machine Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
CCA_MODE
3 (11)
7:6
5:4
3:2
1:0
RXOFF_MODE[1:0]
TXOFF_MODE[1:0]
0 (00)
0 (00)
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R/W
Selects CCA_MODE; Reflected in CCA signal
R/W
R/W
Setting
Clear channel indication
0 (00)
Always
1 (01)
If RSSI below threshold
2 (10)
Unless currently receiving a packet
3 (11)
If RSSI below threshold unless currently receiving a
packet
Select what should happen when a packet has been received.
Setting
Next state after finishing packet reception
0 (00)
IDLE
1 (01)
FSTXON
2 (10)
TX
3 (11)
Stay in RX
Select what should happen when a packet has been sent
Setting
Next state after finishing packet transmission
0 (00)
IDLE
1 (01)
FSTXON
2 (10)
Stay in TX (start sending preamble)
3 (11)
RX
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CC110L
0x18: MCSM0 - Main Radio Control State Machine Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
FS_AUTOCAL[1:0]
0 (00)
7:6
5:4
3:2
PO_TIMEOUT
1 (01)
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R/W
Automatically calibrate when going to RX or TX, or back to IDLE
R/W
Setting
When to perform automatic calibration
0 (00)
Never (manually calibrate using SCAL strobe)
1 (01)
When going from IDLE to RX or TX (or FSTXON)
2 (10)
When going from RX or TX back to IDLE automatically
3 (11)
Every 4th time when going from RX or TX to IDLE
automatically
Programs the number of times the six-bit ripple counter must expire after
the XOSC has settled before CHP_RDYn goes low. 3
If XOSC is on (stable) during power-down, PO_TIMEOUT shall be set so
that the regulated digital supply voltage has time to stabilize before
CHP_RDYn goes low (PO_TIMEOUT=2 recommended). Typical start-up
time for the voltage regulator is 50 μs.
For robust operation it is recommended to use PO_TIMEOUT = 2 or 3
when XOSC is off during power-down.
Setting
Expire count
Timeout after XOSC start
0 (00)
1
Approx. 2.3 - 2.4 μs
1 (01)
16
Approx. 37 - 39 μs
2 (10)
64
Approx. 149 - 155 μs
3 (11)
256
Approx. 597 - 620 μs
Exact timeout depends on crystal frequency.
1
0
XOSC_FORCE_ON
0
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0
R/W
Force the XOSC to stay on in the SLEEP state.
3
Note that the XOSC_STABLE signal will be asserted at the same time as the CHIP_RDYn signal;
i.e. the PO_TIMEOUT delays both signals and does not insert a delay between the signals.
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x19: FOCCFG - Frequency Offset Compensation Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
5
FOC_BS_CS_GATE
1
4:3
FOC_PRE_K[1:0]
2 (10)
7:6
2
1:0
FOC_POST_K
FOC_LIMIT[1:0]
1
2 (10)
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R/W
If set, the demodulator freezes the frequency offset compensation and clock
recovery feedback loops until the CS signal goes high.
R/W
The frequency compensation loop gain to be used before a sync word is
detected.
R/W
R/W
Setting
Freq. compensation loop gain before sync word
0 (00)
K
1 (01)
2K
2 (10)
3K
3 (11)
4K
The frequency compensation loop gain to be used after a sync word is detected.
Setting
Freq. compensation loop gain after sync word
0
Same as FOC_PRE_K
1
K/2
The saturation point for the frequency offset compensation algorithm:
Setting
Saturation point (max compensated offset)
0 (00)
±0 (no frequency offset compensation)
1 (01)
±BWCHAN/8
2 (10)
±BWCHAN/4
3 (11)
±BWCHAN/2
Frequency offset compensation is not supported for OOK. Always use
FOC_LIMIT=0 with this modulation format.
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x1A: BSCFG - Bit Synchronization Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:6
BS_PRE_KI[1:0]
1 (01)
R/W
The clock recovery feedback loop integral gain to be used before a sync word is
detected (used to correct offsets in data rate):
5:4
3
2
1:0
BS_PRE_KP[1:0]
BS_POST_KI
BS_POST_KP
BS_LIMIT[1:0]
2 (10)
1
1
0 (00)
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Setting
Clock recovery loop integral gain before sync word
0 (00)
KI
1 (01)
2KI
2 (10)
3KI
3 (11)
4KI
The clock recovery feedback loop proportional gain to be used before a sync word
is detected.
Setting
Clock recovery loop proportional gain before sync word
0 (00)
KP
1 (01)
2KP
2 (10)
3KP
3 (11)
4KP
The clock recovery feedback loop integral gain to be used after a sync word is
detected.
Setting
Clock recovery loop integral gain after sync word
0
Same as BS_PRE_KI
1
KI /2
The clock recovery feedback loop proportional gain to be used after a sync word is
detected.
Setting
Clock recovery loop proportional gain after sync word
0
Same as BS_PRE_KP
1
KP
The saturation point for the data rate offset compensation algorithm:
Setting
Data rate offset saturation (max data rate difference)
0 (00)
±0 (No data rate offset compensation performed)
1 (01)
±3.125 % data rate offset
2 (10)
±6.25 % data rate offset
3 (11)
±12.5 % data rate offset
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x1B: AGCCTRL2 - AGC Control
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:6
MAX_DVGA_GAIN[1:0]
0 (00)
R/W
Reduces the maximum allowable DVGA gain.
5:3
2:0
MAX_LNA_GAIN[2:0]
MAGN_TARGET[2:0]
0 (000)
3 (011)
R/W
R/W
Setting
Allowable DVGA settings
0 (00)
All gain settings can be used
1 (01)
The highest gain setting cannot be used
2 (10)
The 2 highest gain settings cannot be used
3 (11)
The 3 highest gain settings cannot be used
Sets the maximum allowable LNA + LNA 2 gain relative to the maximum
possible gain.
Setting
Maximum allowable LNA + LNA 2 gain
0 (000)
Maximum possible LNA + LNA 2 gain
1 (001)
Approx. 2.6 dB below maximum possible gain
2 (010)
Approx. 6.1 dB below maximum possible gain
3 (011)
Approx. 7.4 dB below maximum possible gain
4 (100)
Approx. 9.2 dB below maximum possible gain
5 (101)
Approx. 11.5 dB below maximum possible gain
6 (110)
Approx. 14.6 dB below maximum possible gain
7 (111)
Approx. 17.1 dB below maximum possible gain
These bits set the target value for the averaged amplitude from the digital
channel filter (1 LSB = 0 dB).
Setting
Target amplitude from channel filter
0 (000)
24 dB
1 (001)
27 dB
2 (010)
30 dB
3 (011)
33 dB
4 (100)
36 dB
5 (101)
38 dB
6 (110)
40 dB
7 (111)
42 dB
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x1C: AGCCTRL1 - AGC Control
Bit
Field Name
Reset
6
AGC_LNA_PRIORITY
1
5:4
CARRIER_SENSE_REL_THR[1:0]
0 (00)
7
3:0
CARRIER_SENSE_ABS_THR[3:0]
0 (0000)
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R/W
Selects between two different strategies for LNA and LNA 2
gain adjustment. When 1, the LNA gain is decreased first.
When 0, the LNA 2 gain is decreased to minimum before
decreasing LNA gain.
R/W
Sets the relative change threshold for asserting carrier sense
R/W
Setting
Carrier sense relative threshold
0 (00)
Relative carrier sense threshold disabled
1 (01)
6 dB increase in RSSI value
2 (10)
10 dB increase in RSSI value
3 (11)
14 dB increase in RSSI value
Sets the absolute RSSI threshold for asserting carrier sense.
The 2-complement signed threshold is programmed in steps
of 1 dB and is relative to the MAGN_TARGET setting.
Setting
Carrier sense absolute threshold
(Equal to channel filter amplitude when AGC
has not decreased gain)
SWRS109
-8 (1000)
Absolute carrier sense threshold disabled
-7 (1001)
7 dB below MAGN_TARGET setting
…
…
-1 (1111)
1 dB below MAGN_TARGET setting
0 (0000)
At MAGN_TARGET setting
1 (0001)
1 dB above MAGN_TARGET setting
…
…
7 (0111)
7 dB above MAGN_TARGET setting
Page 68 of 76
CC110L
0x1D: AGCCTRL0 - AGC Control
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:6
HYST_LEVEL[1:0]
2 (10)
R/W
Sets the level of hysteresis on the magnitude deviation (internal
AGC signal that determine gain changes).
5:4
3:2
1:0
WAIT_TIME[1:0]
AGC_FREEZE[1:0]
FILTER_LENGTH[1:0]
1 (01)
0 (00)
1 (01)
R/W
R/W
R/W
Setting
Description
0 (00)
No hysteresis, small symmetric dead zone, high gain
1 (01)
Low hysteresis, small asymmetric dead zone, medium
gain
2 (10)
Medium hysteresis, medium asymmetric dead zone,
medium gain
3 (11)
Large hysteresis, large asymmetric dead zone, low gain
Sets the number of channel filter samples from a gain adjustment
has been made until the AGC algorithm starts accumulating new
samples.
Setting
Channel filter samples
0 (00)
8
1 (01)
16
2 (10)
24
3 (11)
32
Control when the AGC gain should be frozen.
Setting
Function
0 (00)
Normal operation. Always adjust gain when required.
1 (01)
The gain setting is frozen when a sync word has been
found.
2 (10)
Manually freeze the analogue gain setting and continue
to adjust the digital gain.
3 (11)
Manually freezes both the analogue and the digital gain
setting. Used for manually overriding the gain.
2-FSK and 4-FSK: Sets the averaging length for the amplitude from
the channel filter.
OOK: Sets the OOK decision boundary for OOK reception.
Setting
Channel filter samples
OOK decision boundary
0 (00)
8
4 dB
1 (01)
16
8 dB
2 (10)
32
12 dB
3 (11)
64
16 dB
0x20: RESERVED
Bit
7:3
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
31 (11111)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
R0
Not used
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
2
1:0
0 (00)
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x21: FREND1 - Front End RX Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:6
LNA_CURRENT[1:0]
1 (01)
R/W
Adjusts front-end LNA PTAT current output
5:4
LNA2MIX_CURRENT[1:0]
1 (01)
R/W
Adjusts front-end PTAT outputs
3:2
LODIV_BUF_CURRENT_RX[1:0]
1 (01)
R/W
Adjusts current in RX LO buffer (LO input to mixer)
1:0
MIX_CURRENT[1:0]
2 (10)
R/W
Adjusts current in mixer
0x22: FREND0 - Front End TX Configuration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
7:6
5:4
LODIV_BUF_CURRENT_TX[1:0]
1 (01)
3
2:0
PA_POWER[2:0]
0 (000)
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R/W
Adjusts current TX LO buffer (input to PA). The value to use in
this field is given by the SmartRF Studio software [4].
R0
Not used
R/W
Selects PA power setting. This value is an index to the
PATABLE, which can be programmed with up to 2 different PA
settings. When using OOK, PA_POWER should be 001, and for
all other modulation formats it should be 000. Please see
Sections 10.6 and Section 23 more details.
FSCAL3 - Frequency Synthesizer Calibration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:6
FSCAL3[7:6]
2 (10)
R/W
Frequency synthesizer calibration configuration. The value to
write in this field before calibration is given by the
SmartRF Studio software [4].
5:4
CHP_CURR_CAL_EN[1:0]
2 (10)
R/W
Disable charge pump calibration stage when 0.
3:0
FSCAL3[3:0]
9 (1001)
R/W
Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. Digital bit
vector defining the charge pump output current, on an
exponential scale: I_OUT = I0·2FSCAL3[3:0]/4
Please see Section 26.2 for more details.
0x24: FSCAL2 - Frequency Synthesizer Calibration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
7:6
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
5
VCO_CORE_H_EN
0
R/W
Choose high (1) / low (0) VCO
4:0
FSCAL2[4:0]
10
(01010)
R/W
Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. VCO current
calibration result and override value.
Please see Section 26.2 for more details.
0x25: FSCAL1 - Frequency Synthesizer Calibration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
7:6
5:0
FSCAL1[5:0]
32
(0x20)
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R/W
Frequency synthesizer calibration result register. Capacitor
array setting for VCO coarse tuning.
Please see Section 26.2 for more details.
SWRS109
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CC110L
0x26: FSCAL0 - Frequency Synthesizer Calibration
Bit
Field Name
Reset
FSCAL0[6:0]
13 (0x0D)
7
6:0
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R/W
Frequency synthesizer calibration control. The value to use in this
register is given by the SmartRF Studio software [4]
27.2 Configuration Register Details - Registers that Loose Programming in SLEEP State
0x29: RESERVED
Bit
Field Name
7:0
Reset
R/W
Description
89 (0x59)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0x2A: RESERVED
Bit
Field Name
7:0
Reset
R/W
Description
127 (0x7F)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0x2B: RESERVED
Bit
Field Name
7:0
Reset
R/W
Description
63 (0x3F)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
0x2C: TEST2 - Various Test Settings
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
TEST2[7:0]
136 (0x88)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
This register will be forced to 0x88 or 0x81 when it wakes up from
SLEEP mode, depending on the configuration of
FIFOTHR.ADC_RETENTION.
Note that the value read from this register when waking up from SLEEP
always is the reset value (0x88) regardless of the ADC_RETENTION
setting. The inverting of some of the bits due to the ADC_RETENTION
setting is only seen INTERNALLY in the analog part.
0x2D: TEST1 - Various Test Settings
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
TEST1[7:0]
49 (0x31)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
This register will be forced to 0x31 or 0x35 when it wakes up from
SLEEP mode, depending on the configuration of
FIFOTHR.ADC_RETENTION.
Note that the value read from this register when waking up from SLEEP
always is the reset value (0x31) regardless of the ADC_RETENTION
setting. The inverting of some of the bits due to the ADC_RETENTION
setting is only seen INTERNALLY in the analog part.
0x2E: TEST0 - Various Test Settings
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:2
TEST0[7:2]
2 (000010)
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
1
VCO_SEL_CAL_EN
1
R/W
Enable VCO selection calibration stage when 1
0
TEST0[0]
1
R/W
Use setting from SmartRF Studio [4]
SWRS109
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CC110L
27.3 Status Register Details
0x30 (0xF0): PARTNUM - Chip ID
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
PARTNUM[7:0]
0 (0x00)
R
Chip part number
0x31 (0xF1): VERSION - Chip ID
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
Description
7:0
VERSION[7:0]
7 (0x07)
R
Chip version number.
0x32 (0xF2): FREQEST - Frequency Offset Estimate from Demodulator
Bit
Field Name
7:0
FREQOFF_EST
Reset
R/W
Description
R
The estimated frequency offset (2‟s complement) of the carrier. Resolution is
FXTAL/214 (1.59 - 1.65 kHz); range is ±202 kHz to ±210 kHz, depending on XTAL
frequency.
Frequency offset compensation is only supported for 2-FSK, GFSK, and 4-FSK
modulation. This register will read 0 when using OOK modulation.
0x33 (0xF3): CRC_REG - CRC OK
Bit
Field Name
7
CRC OK
Reset
6:0
R/W
Description
R
The last CRC comparison matched. Cleared when entering/restarting RX mode.
R
Reserved
0x34 (0xF4): RSSI - Received Signal Strength Indication
Bit
Field Name
7:0
RSSI
Reset
R/W
Description
R
Received signal strength indicator
SWRS109
Page 72 of 76
CC110L
0x35 (0xF5): MARCSTATE - Main Radio Control State Machine State
Bit
Field Name
7:5
4:0
MARC_STATE[4:0]
Reset
R/W
Description
R0
Not used
R
Main Radio Control FSM State
Value
State name
State (Figure 19, page 39)
0 (0x00)
SLEEP
SLEEP
1 (0x01)
IDLE
IDLE
2 (0x02)
XOFF
XOFF
3 (0x03)
VCOON_MC
MANCAL
4 (0x04)
REGON_MC
MANCAL
5 (0x05)
MANCAL
MANCAL
6 (0x06)
VCOON
FS_WAKEUP
7 (0x07)
REGON
FS_WAKEUP
8 (0x08)
STARTCAL
CALIBRATE
9 (0x09)
BWBOOST
SETTLING
10 (0x0A)
FS_LOCK
SETTLING
11 (0x0B)
IFADCON
SETTLING
12 (0x0C)
ENDCAL
CALIBRATE
13 (0x0D)
RX
RX
14 (0x0E)
RX_END
RX
15 (0x0F)
RX_RST
RX
16 (0x10)
TXRX_SWITCH
TXRX_SETTLING
17 (0x11)
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW
17 (0x11)
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW
18 (0x12)
FSTXON
FSTXON
19 (0x13)
TX
TX
20 (0x14)
TX_END
TX
21 (0x15)
RXTX_SWITCH
RXTX_SETTLING
22 (0x16)
TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW
TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW
Note: it is not possible to read back the SLEEP or XOFF state numbers
because setting CSn low will make the chip enter the IDLE mode from the
SLEEP or XOFF states.
SWRS109
Page 73 of 76
CC110L
0x38 (0xF8): PKTSTATUS - Current GDOx Status and Packet Status
Bit
Field Name
7
6
Reset
R/W
Description
CRC_OK
R
The last CRC comparison matched. Cleared when entering/restarting RX
mode.
CS
R
Carrier sense. Cleared when entering IDLE mode.
5
Reserved
4
CCA
R
Channel is clear
3
SFD
R
Start of Frame Delimiter. This bit is asserted when sync word has been
received and de-asserted at the end of the packet. It will also de-assert
when a packet is discarded due to address or maximum length filtering or
the radio enters RXFIFO_OVERFLOW state.
2
GDO2
R
Current GDO2 value. Note: the reading gives the non-inverted value
irrespective of what IOCFG2.GDO2_INV is programmed to.
It is not recommended to check for PLL lock by reading PKTSTATUS[2]
with GDO2_CFG=0x0A.
1
0
GDO0
R0
Not used
R
Current GDO0 value. Note: the reading gives the non-inverted value
irrespective of what IOCFG0.GDO0_INV is programmed to.
It is not recommended to check for PLL lock by reading PKTSTATUS[0]
with GDO0_CFG=0x0A.
0x3A (0xFA): TXBYTES - Underflow and Number of Bytes
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
7
TXFIFO_UNDERFLOW
R
6:0
NUM_TXBYTES
R
Description
Number of bytes in TX FIFO
0x3B (0xFB): RXBYTES - Overflow and Number of Bytes
Bit
Field Name
Reset
R/W
7
RXFIFO_OVERFLOW
R
6:0
NUM_RXBYTES
R
Description
Number of bytes in RX FIFO
28 Development Kit Ordering Information
Orderable Evaluation Module
Description
Minimum Order Quantity
CC11xLDK-868-915
CC11xL Development Kit, 868/915 MHz
1
CC11xLEMK-433
CC11xL Evaluation Module Kit, 433 MHz
1
RF BoosterPack for MSP430
LaunchPad
Plug-in boards for the MSP430 Value Line LaunchPad
(MSP-EXP430G2), 868/915 MHz
1
Figure 25: Development Kit Ordering Information
SWRS109
Page 74 of 76
CC110L
29
References
[1]
Characterization Design 315 - 433 MHz
(Identical to the CC1101EM 315 - 433 MHz Reference Design (swrr046.zip))
[2]
Characterization Design 868 - 915 MHz
(Identical to the CC1101EM 868 - 915 MHz Reference Design (swrr045.zip))
[3]
CC110L Errata Notes (swrz037.pdf)
[4]
SmartRF Studio (swrc176.zip)
[5]
DN010 Close-in Reception with CC1101 (swra147.pdf)
[6]
DN017 CC11xx 868/915 MHz RF Matching (swra168.pdf)
[7]
DN015 Permanent Frequency Offset Compensation (swra159.pdf)
[8]
DN006 CC11xx Settings for FCC 15.247 Solutions (swra123.pdf)
[9]
DN505 RSSI Interpretation and Timing (swra114.pdf)
[10]
DN013 Programming Output Power on CC1101 (swra168.pdf)
[11]
DN022 CC11xx OOK/ASK register settings (swra215.pdf)
[12]
DN005 CC11xx Sensitivity versus Frequency Offset and Crystal Accuracy (swra122.pdf)
[13]
CC1190 Data Sheet (swrs089.pdf)
[14]
AN094 Using the CC1190 Front End with CC1101 under EN 300 220 (swra356.pdf)
[15]
AN096 Using the CC1190 Front End with CC1101 under FCC 15.247 (swra361.pdf)
[16]
DN032 Options for Cost Optimized CC11xx Matching (swra346.pdf)
[17]
CC110LEM 433 MHz Reference Design (swrrTBD.zip)
[18]
CC110LEM 868 - 915 MHz Reference Design (swrrTBD.zip)
SWRS109
Page 75 of 76
CC110L
30
General Information
30.1 Document History
Revision
Date
Description/Changes
SWRS109
05.24.2011
Initial Release
Table 41: Document History
SWRS109
Page 76 of 76
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
11-Jul-2011
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing
Pins
Package Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/
Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
CC110LRTKR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RTK
20
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR
CC110LRTKT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RTK
20
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR
Samples
(Requires Login)
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
8-Jul-2011
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
CC110LRTKR
VQFN
RTK
20
3000
330.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.5
8.0
12.0
Q2
CC110LRTKT
VQFN
RTK
20
250
330.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.5
8.0
12.0
Q2
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
8-Jul-2011
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
CC110LRTKR
VQFN
RTK
20
3000
340.5
333.0
20.6
CC110LRTKT
VQFN
RTK
20
250
340.5
333.0
20.6
Pack Materials-Page 2
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