EM MICROELECTRONIC - MARIN SA EM4450 EM4550 1 KBit Read/Write Contactless Identification Device Description Features The EM4450/4550 is a CMOS integrated circuit intended for use in electronic Read/Write RF Transponders. The difference between EM4450 and EM4550 is that EM4550 are bumped and has megapads for the two coils. The chip contains 1 KBit of EEPROM which can be configured by the user, allowing a write inhibited area, a read protected area, and a read area output continuously at power on. The memory can be secured by using the 32 bit password for all write and read protected operations. The password can be updated, but never read. The fixed code serial number and device identification are laser programmed making every chip unique. The EM4450/4550 will transmit data to the transceiver by modulating the amplitude of the electromagnetic field, and receive data and commands in a similar way. Simple commands will enable to write EEPROM, to update the password, to read a specific memory area, and to reset the logic. The coil of the tuned circuit is the only external component required, all remaining functions are integrated in the chip. 1 KBit of EEPROM organized in 32 words of 32 bits 32 bit Device Serial Number (Read Only Laser ROM) 32 bit Device Identification (Read Only Laser ROM) Power-On-Reset sequence Power Check for EEPROM write operation User defined Read Memory Area at Power On User defined Write Inhibited Memory Area User defined Read Protected Memory Area Data Transmission performed by Amplitude Modulation Two Data Rate Options 2 KBd (Opt64) or 4 KBd (Opt32) Bit Period = 64 or 32 periods of field frequency 170 pF ± 2% on chip Resonant Capacitor -40 to +85°C Temperature range 100 to 150 kHz Field Frequency range On chip Rectifier and Voltage Limiter No external supply buffer capacitance needed due to low power consumption Available in chip form for mass production and PCB and CID package for samples. Applications Ticketing Automotive Immobilizer with rolling code High Security Hands Free Access Control Industrial automation with portable database Manufacturing automation Prepayment Devices Typical Operating Configuration Coil2 L EM4450 Coil1 Typical value of inductance at 125 kHz is 9.6 mH Fig.1 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 1 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Block Diagram Modulator Encoder ROM EEPROM +V coil2 coil1 Voltage Regulator AC/DC converter Cr Cs Pow er Control Reset Write Enable Clock Extractor Sequencer Data Extractor Command Decoder Control Logic Fig. 2 System Principle Transceiver Data to be sent to transponder Transponder Modulator Coil 1 Antenna Driver Oscillator EM4450 Data Decoder Filter & Gain Demodulator Coil 2 Data received from transponder RECEIVE M ODE READ M ODE Signal on Transponder coil Signal on Transceiver coil Signal on Transceiver coil Signal on Transponder coil RF Carrier RF Carrier Data Data Fig. 3 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 2 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Maximum AC peak Current ICOIL induced on COIL1 and COIL2 Power Supply VDD Vmax Maximum Voltage other pads Vmin Minimum Voltage other pads Storage temperature Tstore Electrostatic discharge maximum VESD to MIL-STD-883C method 3015 Conditions ± 30 mA -0.3 to 3.5 V VDD+0.3V VSS-0.3V -55 to +125°C 2000V Stresses above these listed maximum ratings may cause permanent damages to the device. Exposure beyond specified operating conditions may affect device reliability or cause malfunction. Handling Procedures This device has built-in protection against high static voltages or electric fields; however, anti-static precautions must be taken as for any other CMOS component. Unless otherwise specified, proper operation can only occur when all terminal voltages are kept within the voltage range. Unused inputs must always be tied to a defined logic voltage level. Operating Conditions Parameter Operating Temperature Maximum coil current AC Voltage on Coil Supply Frequency Symbol Min Top -40 ICOIL Vcoil fcoil 100 Max +85 10 Unit °C mA note 1 Vpp 150 kHz note 1: Maximum voltage is defined by forcing 10mA on Coil1 - Coil2. Electrical Characteristics VDD =2.5V, VSS =0V , fcoil = 125 kHz Sine wave , Vcoil = 1Vpp , Top = 25°C , unless otherwise specified Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Supply Voltage VDD 2.3 3.2 Minimum EEPROM write 2 VDDee voltage Power Check EEPROM write IPWcheck VDD = 2.8V 32 Supply current / read Ird Read Mode 3 Suppy current / write Iwr Write mode (VDD = 2.8V) 22 0.50 V(COIL1 - VSS) & V(COIL2 - VSS) Icoil = 100µA Modulator ON voltage drop VON 2.50 V(COIL1 - VSS) & V(COIL2 - VSS) Icoil = 5 mA Monoflop Tmono 35 85 Resonance Capacitor Cr 166.6 170 173.4 Powercheck level VPWcheck 2 2.7 Power On Reset level high Vprh Rising Supply 1 1.5 Clock extractor input min. Vclkmin Minimum Voltage for Clock Extraction 0.25 25 Vclkmax Clock extractor input max. Max. Voltage to detect modulation stop EEPROM data endurance Ncy Erase all / Write all at VDD = 3.5 V 100'000 EEPROM retention Tret Top = 55°C after 100'000 cycles (note 2) 10 Unit V V µA µA µA V V µs pF V V Vpp mVpp cycles years note 2: Based on 1000 hours at 150°C Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 3 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Timing Characteristics VDD =2.5V, VSS=0V , fcoil = 125 kHz Sine wave, Vcoil = 1Vpp , Top = 25°C unless otherwise specified All timings are derived from the field frequency and are specified as a number of RF periods.. Parameter Symbol Conditions Value Unit Opt64 Option : 64 clocks per bit Read Bit Period trdb 64 RF periods LIW/ACK/NACK pattern duration tpatt 320 RF periods Read 1 Word Duration trdw including LIW 3200 RF periods Processing Pause Time tpp 64 RF periods Write Access Time twa 64 RF periods Initialization Time tinit 2112 RF periods EEPROM write time twee VDD = 3V 3200 RF periods Opt32 Option : 32 clocks per bit Read Bit Period trdb 32 RF periods LIW/ACK/NACK pattern duration tpatt 160 RF periods Read 1 Word Duration trdw including LIW 1600 RF periods Processing Pause Time tpp 32 RF periods Write Access Time twa 32 RF periods Initialization Time tinit 1056 RF periods EEPROM write time twee VDD = 3V 2624 RF periods RF periods represent periods of the carrier frequency emitted by the transceiver unit. For example, if 125 kHz is used : The Read bit period (Opt64) would be : 1/125'000*64 = 512 µs, and the time to read 1 word : 1/125'000*3200 = 25.6 ms. The Read bit period (Opt32) would be : 1/125'000*32 = 256 µs, and the time to read 1 word : 1/125'000*1600 = 12.8 ms. ATTENTION Due to amplitude modulation of the coil-signal, the clock-extractor may miss clocks or add spurious clocks close to the edges of the RF-envelope. This desynchronisation will not be larger than ±3 clocks per bit and must be taken into account when developing reader software. Functional Description General The EM4450/4550 is supplied by means of an electromagnetic field induced on the attached coil. The AC voltage is rectified in order to provide a DC internal supply voltage. When the DC voltage crosses the Power-On level, the chip enters the Standard Read Mode and sends data continuously. The data to be sent in this mode is user defined by storing the first and last addresses to be output. When the last address is sent, the chip will continue with the first address until the transceiver sends a request. In the read mode, a Listen Window (LIW) is generated before each word. During this time, the EM4450/4550 will turn to the Receive Mode (RM) if it receives a valid RM pattern. The chip then expects a valid command. Mode of Operation Pow er-On Init Get Command Standard Read Mode NO Receive Mode request ? Execute Command Login YES Write Word Write Password Selective Read Send w ord Reset Fig. 4 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 4 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Memory Organisation The 1024 bit EEPROM is organised in 32 words of 32 bits. The first three words are assigned to the Password, the Protection word, and the Control word. In order to write one of these three words, it is necessary to send the valid password. At fabrication, the EM4450/4550 comes with all bits of the password programmed to a logic "0". The Password cannot be read out. The memory contains two extra words of Laser ROM. These words are laser programmed during fabrication for every chip, are unique and cannot be altered. Memory Map Bit 0 Word 0 1 -----------------------------PASSWORD PROTECTION WORD CONTROL WORD 3 Bit 31 EE EE EE EE 928 Bits of USER EEPROM 31 32 33 DEVICE SERIAL NUMBER DEVICE IDENTIFICATION Laser Laser Control Word 0–7 First Word Read 8 – 15 Last Word Read 16 Password Check On/Off 17 Read After Write On/Off 18 – 31 User available Protection Word 0–7 First Word Read Protected 8 – 15 Last Word Read Protected 16 – 23 First Word Write Inhibited 24 – 31 Last Word Write Inhibited Password Write Only – No Read Access Device Identification Word & Serial Number Word Laser Programmed – Read only On means bit set to logic '1' Off means bit set to logic '0' Fig.5 Standard Read Mode After a Power-On-Reset and upon completion of a command, the chip will execute the Standard Read Mode, in which it will send data continuously, word by word from the memory section defined between the First Word Read (FWR) and Last Word Read (LWR). When the last word is output, the chip will continue with the first word until the transceiver sends a request. If FWR and LWR are the same, the same word will be sent repetitively. The Listen Window (LIW) is generated before each word to check if the transceiver is sending data. The LIW has a duration of 320 (160 opt 32) periods of the RF field. FWR and LWR have to be programmed as valid addresses (FWR ≤ LWR and ≤ 33). The words sent by the EM4450/4550 comprise 32 data bits and parity bits. The parity bits are not stored in the EEPROM, but generated while the message is sent as described below. The parity is even for rows and columns, meaning that the total number of "1's" is even (including the parity bit). Word organisation (Words 0 to 33) First bit output D0 Data D1 D2 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 P1 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 P2 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 P3 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 0 Column Even Partiy D5 Row Even Parity D6 D7 P0 Last bit output logic '0' Fig. 6 When a word is read protected, the output will consist of 45 bits set to logic "0". The password has to be used to output correctly a read protected memory area. Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 5 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Read Sequence POR INIT OUTPUT LIW LIW LIW D0-D7 FWR P0 D8-D15 LIW FWR+1 FWR LIW P1 D16-D23 P2 D24-D31 P3 PC0-PC7 "0" 1 bit = 64 T0 periods (Opt64) 32 T0 periods (Opt32) T0 periods : 32 32 128 64 64 (Opt64) 16 16 32 32 (Opt32) 64 LWR LIW LIW Data Coded Data T0 = Period of RF carrier frequency 1 bit 1 bit 1 bit 1 bit Fig. 7 Receive Mode To activate the Receive Mode, the Transceiver sends to the chip the RM pattern (while in the modulated phase of a Listen Window LIW). The EM4450/4550 will stop sending data upon reception of a valid RM. The chip then expects a command. The RM pattern consists of 2 bits "0" sent by the transceiver. The first bit "0" transmitted is to be detected during the 64 (32 opt 32) periods where the modulation is "ON" in LIW. output WORD n LIW input RM COMMAND Fig. 8 Commands The commands are composed of nine bits : eight data bits and one even parity bit (total amount of "ones" is even including the parity bit). COM M AND BITS 00000001 00010001 00010010 00001010 10000000 First bit Received 1 0 0 0 1 FUNCTION LOGIN WRITE PASSWORD WRITE WORD SELECTIVE READ MODE RESET Parity bit Fig. 9 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 6 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Selective Read Mode The Selective Read Mode is used to read other data than that defined between FWR and LWR. To enter Selective Read Mode, the Transceiver has to send during LIW a Receive mode pattern (RM) to turn the EM4450/4550 in Receive Mode. Then the Selective Read Mode Command is sent by the transceiver followed by the First and Last addresses to be read. The FWR and LWR are then replaced by the new addresses and the chip is operating in the same way as the Standard Read Mode. The control word is not modified by this command, and the next standard read mode operation will work with original FWR and LWR (Selected area is read once and then the chip returns to Standard Read Mode). To read words which are Read Protected, a Login command has to be sent by the transceiver prior to the Selective Read command. The Login command is to be used only once for all subsequent commands requiring a password. The Selective Read mode command is followed by a single 32-bit word containing the new first and last addresses. Bits 0 to 7 correspond to the First Word Read and bits 8 to 15 correspond to the Last Word Read. Bits 16 to 31 have to be sent but are not used in the chip. The parities must be sent according to the word organisation as described in fig.7. Note that bit 31 is transmitted first. To read the device Identification or the Serial Number, the Selective Read Command allows direct access to the Laser programmed words. These words can also be addressed in the standard read mode by selecting the addresses accordingly. output WORD n LIW input ACK/NAK LIW LIW FWR LIW RM Selective RD ADDRESSES tpp Fig. 10 First bit receiv ed XX XX XX XX XX Addresses Bit Stream Format XX XX XX P3 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX P2 LW7 LW6 LW5 LW4 LW3 LW2 LW1 LW0 P1 FW7 FW6 FW5 FW4 FW3 FW2 FW1 FW0 P0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 PC1 PC0 "0" Fig. 11 Reset Command The Reset Command will return from any mode to the Standard Read Mode. The next word out is the FWR. output WORD n LIW input ACK/NAK LIW LIW FWR LIW RM RESET tpp tinit Fig. 12 Login The Login command is used to access protected memory areas. This command has to be used only once to perform several password protected commands. The Power-On-Reset sequence and the Reset command will reset the password entry, and a new Login command has to be received to perform further password protected operations. Upon reception of a correct password, the EM4450/4550 will respond with an acknowledge pattern (ACK) and then continue in Standard Read Mode. If the Login is correct then password protected operations are allowed. If the password is incorrect, a NAK pattern is issued and password protected operations will not be possible (refer to Write Word for password data structure). output input WORD n LIW RM ACK/NAK LOGIN LIW LIW FWR LIW PASSWORD tpp Fig. 13 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 7 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 If bit 16 of the control word is disabled (Password Check ON/OFF), the Login is still mandatory to modify the Protection Word, the Control Word, and the Password, but not to write in the EEPROM which is not write inhibited. In order to modify a write inhibited word, the Protection word has to be modified first. The Read protected area always requires the Login to be read. If the Write Protection Word is write protected, the write protection configuration is locked. Write Password When a Write Password command is received, the chip next expects information on the actual valid password. The chip sends back an ACK pattern if the password is correct. Then the chip expects the new password consisting of 32 bits + parity bit to be stored in the EEPROM. The chip will respond with an ACK pattern for a correct reception of data upon reception of the new password, and then will send another acknowledge pattern (ACK) to announce that the data is stored in the EEPROM. The Read after Write function has no effect on this command. If the password is wrong or the transmission is faulty, the chip will : send a NAK pattern; return to the Standard Read Mode; and, the password will remain the same. (Refer to Write Word for password data structure). tpp output WORD n input LIW twa ACK LIW RM WRITE PW ACTUAL PW twee ACK ACK LIW LIW FWR RM NEW PW TRANSCEIVER RF FIELD "ON" Fig. 14 Write Word The Write mode allows modification of the EEPROM contents word by word. To modify address 1 (Protection word) and address 2 (Control word), it is mandatory to first send a Login command in order to Log in (like in a computer). The new written values will take effect only after performing a Reset command. It is strongly recommended to check the result of modifying the contents of these addresses effecting the function of the chip. Address 0 (Password) cannot be modified with this command but can be changed with the Write Password command. Addresses 3 to 31 are programmable according to the defined protections. If the Password Check bit is off (bit 16 of control word) and the word is not write inhibited, the selected word can be freely modified without password. If the Password Check bit is on and the word is not write inhibited, the selected word can be modified with a previous Login. In any case, if the word is write inhibited, the protection word has to be changed before programming can occur. Write to Address 0 Check Password bit (bit 16 / Control word) X Write Inhibit (Protection word) X 1–2 1–2 3 – 31 3 – 31 3 – 31 X X OFF ON X OFF ON OFF OFF ON Write Operation Only with Write Password command Login always required Write configuration LOCKED Freely programmable Login required Change protection word first The Write Word command is followed by the address and data. The address consists of a 9 bit block containing 8 data bits and 1 even parity bit. Only 6 bits from the data section are used for the word addressing, and the first three bits sent must be "0". The data consists of 4 times 9 bit blocks, each block consisting of 8 data bits and 1 associated even parity bit and one additional block consisting of 8 column parity bits and "0" as stop bit (Refer to fig. 7) Address 0 0 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Padd First bit received Note : A5 in write mode always "0" (addresses Laser ROM) Data D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 P3 D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 P2 D15 D14 D13 D12 .......................... D02 D01 D00 P0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 PC1 PC0 "0" Fig. 15 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 8 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 After reception of the command, the address, and the data, the EM4450/4550 will check the parity, the write protection status, the Login status, and also if the available power from the RF field is sufficient. If all the conditions are satisfied, an acknowledge pattern (ACK) will be issued afterward and the EEPROM writing process will start. At the end of programming, the chip will send an Acknowledge pattern (ACK). If at least one of the checks fails, the chip will issue a no acknowledge pattern (NAK) instead of ACK and return to the Standard Read Mode. The Transceiver will keep the RF field permanently "ON" during the whole writing process time. The Read After Write function (bit 17 of Control word) controls the mode of operation following a write operation. When "ON" the latest written word will be read out and output next to the ACK pattern and two Listen Windows (LIW-LIW) even if the word is read protected. When "OFF", the ACK is followed immediately by a LIW-LIW and FWR. The last written word is not output. If a request from the transceiver to return in receive mode (RM) is generated during the LIW, another word can be written in. Otherwise, the EM4450/4550 will return in the Standard Read Mode. Write 1 word output WORD n input twa LIW RM WRITE WORD ADDRESS twee ACK ACK LIW LIW FWR DATA TRANSCEIVER RF FIELD "ON" Write severalwords output WORD n input twa LIW RM WRITE WORD ADDRESS twee ACK ACK DATA LIW RM WRITE WORD ADDRESS DATA TRANSCEIVER RF FIELD "ON" Read After Write function output WORD n input twa LIW RM WRITE WORD ADDRESS twee ACK ACK LIW LIW Last Written LIW LIW FWR DATA TRANSCEIVER RF FIELD "ON" Write not allowed or wrong transmission output input WORD n twa LIW RM WRITE WORD ADDRESS NACK LIW LIW FWR DATA TRANSCEIVER RF FIELD "ON" Fig. 16 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 9 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Power-On-Reset (POR) When the EM4450/4550 with its attached coil enters an electromagnetic field, the built in AC/DC converter will supply the chip. The DC voltage is monitored and a Reset signal is generated to initialise the logic. The contents of the Control word and Protection word will be downloaded to enable the functions (INIT). The Power-On-Reset is also provided in order to make sure that the chip will start issuing correct data. Hysteresis is provided to avoid improper operation at the limit level. VDD Vprh Vprhys t Reset tinit EM4450 Active t Fig. 17 Lock All / Lock Memory Area The EM4450/4550 can be converted to a Read Only chip or be configured to Read/Write and Read Only Areas by programming the protection word. This configuration can be locked by write inhibiting the Write Protection Word. Great care should be taken in doing this operation as there is no further possibility to change the Write Protection Word. The Control Word can also be protected in the same way thus freezing the operation mode. Clock Extractor The Clock extractor will generate a system clock with a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the RF field. The system clock is used by a sequencer to generate all internal timings. Data Extractor The transceiver generated field will be amplitude modulated to transmit data to the EM4450/4550. The Data extractor demodulates the incoming signal to generate logic levels, and decodes the incoming data. Modulator The Data Modulator is driven by the serial data output from the memory which is Manchester encoded. The modulator will draw a large current from both coil terminals, thus amplitude modulating the RF field according to the memory data. AC/DC Converter and Voltage Limiter The AC/DC converter is fully integrated on chip and will extract the power from the incident RF field. The internal DC voltage will be clamped to avoid high internal DC voltage in strong RF fields. Special Timings The Processing Pause Time (tpp), Write Access Time (twa) and EEPROM Write Time (twee) are timings where the EM4450/4550 is executing internal operations. During these pauses, the RF field will be influenced. RF periods : 32 32 (Opt64) 16 16 (Opt32) tpp Same modulation as for a normal bit 64 (Opt64) 3200 (Opt64) 32 (Opt32) 2624 (Opt32) twa twee During Twa and Twee, the signal on the coil is damped due to a higher current consumption. Fig. 18 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 10 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Communication from Transponder to the Transceiver (READ MODE) The EM4450/4550 modulates the amplitude of the RF field to transmit data to the transceiver. Data are output serially from the EEPROM and Manchester encoded. 1 bit 64 periods of RF field (Opt64) 32 periods of RF field (Opt32) 1 bit 1 bit 1 bit 32 periods (Opt64) 16 periods (Opt32) Data from EEPROM Coded Data Measured on the COIL Opt64 is the chip option with a bit period corresponding to 64 periods of the RF field Opt32 is the chip option with a bit period corresponding to 32 periods of the RF field Fig. 19 The EM4450/4550 uses different patterns to send status information to the transceiver. Their structure can not be confused with a bit pattern sequence. These patterns are the Listen Window (LIW) to inform the transceiver that data can be accepted, the Acknowledge (ACK) indicating proper communication and end of EEPROM write, and the No Acknowledge (NAK) when something is wrong. The LIW, due to its special structure, can be used to synchronize the transceiver during a read operation. The LIW is sent before each word, and is sent twice before FWR. LIW ACK NAK 32 32 128 64 64 (Opt64) 32 32 96 32 96 32 (Opt64) 32 32 96 32 64 32 32 (Opt64) 16 16 64 32 32 (Opt32) 16 16 48 16 48 16 16 16 48 16 32 16 16 All numbers represent number of periods of RF f ield (Opt32) (Opt32) Opt64 is the chi p option with a bit period correspondi ng to 64 periods of the RF fiel d Opt32 is the chi p option with a bit period correspondi ng to 32 periods of the RF fiel d Fig. 20 Communication from the Transceiver to the Transponder (RECEIVE MODE) The EM4450/4550 can be switched to the Receive Mode ONLY DURING A LISTEN WINDOW. The Transceiver is synchronized with the incoming data from the transponder and expects a LIW before each word. During the phase where the chip has its modulator "ON" (64/32 periods of RF [Opt64/Opt32] ), the transceiver has to send a bit "0". A certain phase shift in the read path of the transceiver can be accepted due to the fact that when entering Receive Mode, the Transceiver becomes the Master. At reception of the first "0", the chip immediately stops the LIW sequence and then expects another bit "0" to activate the receive mode. Once the EM4450/4550 has received the first bit "0", the transceiver is imposing the timing for synchronisation. The EM4450/4550 turns "ON" its modulator at the beginning of each frame of a bit period. To send a logic "1" bit, the transceiver continues to send clocks without modulation. After half a bit period, the modulation device of the EM4450/4550 is turned "OFF" allowing recharge of the internal supply capacitor. To send a logic "0" bit, the transceiver stops sending clocks (100% modulation) during the first half of a bit period. The transceiver must not turn "OFF" the field after 7/4 clocks of the bit period (Opt64/Opt32). The field is stopped for the remaining first half of the bit period, and then turned "ON" again for the second half of the bit period. The 32rd/16th clock (Opt64/Opt32) defines the end of the bit. To ensure synchronisation between the transceiver and the transponder, a logic bit set to "0" has to be transmitted at regular intervals. The RM pattern consists of two bits set to "0" thus allowing initial synchronisation. In addition, the chosen data structure contains even parity bits which will not allow more than eight consecutive bits set to logic "1" where no modulation occurs. Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 11 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 While the transceiver is sending data to the transponder, two different modulations will be observed on both coils. During the first half of the bit period, the EM4450/4550 is switching "ON" its modulation device causing a modulation of the RF field. This modulation can also be observed on the transceiver's coil. The transceiver sending a bit "0" will switch "OFF" the field, causing a 100% modulation being observed on the transponder coil. Bit Period DATA : "1" "0" "0" "1" "0" "1" Transceiver Coil Transponder Coil Periods of RF field (Opt 64): 32 32 32 32 Periods of RF field (Opt 32): 16 16 16 16 * Modulation induced by the Transceiver * Recommended Minimum : 7/4 periods (Opt64/Opt32) : 1 period Modulation induced by the Transponder Opt64 is the chip option with a bit period corresponding to 64 priods of the RF field Opt32 is the chip option with a bit period corresponding to 32 priods of the RF field Fig. 21 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 12 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Package Information Dimensions of PCB and CID version CID Package PCB Package FRONT VIEW Y J K TOP VIEW B D Z MARKING AREA A R SYMBOL A B D e F g J K R Dimensions MIN TYP 8.2 8.5 3.8 4.0 5.8 6.0 0.38 0.5 1.25 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.42 0.44 0.115 0.127 0.4 0.5 are in mm MAX 8.8 4.2 6.2 0.62 1.35 0.5 0.46 0.139 0.6 e C2 C1 F F C2 C1 SYMBOL MIN TYP X 8.0 Y 4.0 Z Dimensions are in mm g Fig. 22 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA X 13 MAX 1.0 Fig. 23 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Chip Dimensions 895 740 585 430 280 140 8 7 6 5 4 3 8 2 7 3 10 6 5 4 3 2 EM4550 130 270 420 575 1511 1824 903 1425 714 189 730 1112 885 9 EM4450 1 114 200 174 Y 9 200 1237 1237 X X All dimensions in µm Pad size : 86 X 86 167 Y 889 1 Pad size Mega pad size Fig. 24 : 86 X 86 : 200 X 400 All dimensions in µm Fig. 25 Pad Description Pad Name Function 1 COIL1 Coil Terminal 1 2 TEST_CLK Test Clock input with pull-down 3 TEST_IN Test Input with pull-down 4 TEST Test Mode Input with pull-down 5 TEST_OUT Test Output 6 VDD Positive Internal Supply Voltage 7 VPOS Internal Supply 8 VSS Negative Internal Supply Voltage 9 COIL2 Coil Terminal 2 Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 14 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Ordering Information Die Form This chart shows general offering; for detailed Part Number to order, please see the table “Standard Versions” below. EM4450 A6 WS 11 - %%% Circuit Nb: EM4450: standard pads EM4550: mega pads Customer Version: %%% = only for custom specific version Version: A6 = Manchester, 64 clocks per bit A5 = Manchester, 32 clocks per bit Bumping: " " (blank) = no bumps (EM4450 only) E = with Gold Bumps (EM4550 only) Die form: WW = Wafer WS = Sawn Wafer/Frame WT = Sticky Tape Thickness: 6 = 6 mils (152um) 7 = 7 mils (178um) 11 = 11 mils (280um) 27 = 27 mils (686um) Packaged Devices This chart shows general offering; for detailed Part Number to order, please see the table “Standard Versions” below. EM4450 A6 CI2LC - %%% Circuit Nb: EM4450: standard pads Customer Version: %%% = only for custom specific version Version: A6 = Manchester, 64 clocks per bit A5 = Manchester, 32 clocks per bit Package/Card & Delivery Form: CI2LB = CID Pack, 2 long pins (2.5mm), in tape CI2LC = CID Pack, 2 long pins (2.5mm), in bulk CB2RC = PCB Package, 2 pins, in bulk Remarks: • For ordering please use table of “Standard Version” table below. • For specifications of Delivery Form, including gold bumps, tape and bulk, as well as possible other delivery form or packages, please contact EM Microelectronic-Marin S.A. Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 15 www.emmicroelectronic.com EM4450 EM4550 Standard Versions & Samples: For samples please order exclusively: Delivery Form Part Number Bit coding Cycle/ bit EM4450 A6 CI2LC Manchester 64 Standard CID package, 2 pins (length 2.5mm) bulk EM4450 A6 CB2RC Manchester 64 Standard PCB Package, 2 pins Pads Package bulk The versions below are considered standards and should be readily available. For other versions or other delivery form, please contact EM Microelectronic-Marin S.A. Please make sure to give complete part number when ordering, without spaces between characters. Part Number Bit coding Cycle/ bit EM4450 A5 CB2RC Manchester 32 Standard PCB Package, 2 pins bulk EM4450 A5 CI2LC Manchester 32 Standard CID package, 2 pins (length 2.5mm) bulk Pads Package/Die Form Delivery Form / Bumping EM4450 A6 CB2RC Manchester 64 Standard PCB Package, 2 pins bulk EM4450 A6 CI2LB Manchester 64 Standard CID package, 2 pins (length 2.5mm) tape EM4450 A6 CI2LC Manchester 64 Standard CID package, 2 pins (length 2.5mm) bulk EM4450 XX YYY-%%% Manchester 32/64 Standard custom custom EM4550 A6 WS11E Manchester 64 Mega Sawn wafer, 11 mils with gold bumps EM4550 A6 WT11E Manchester 64 Mega Die on sticky tape, 11 mils with gold bumps EM4550 XX YYY-%%% Manchester 32/64 Mega custom with gold bumps Product Support Check our Web Site under Products/RF Identification section. Questions can be sent to [email protected] EM Microelectronic-Marin SA cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry described other than circuitry entirely embodied in an EM Microelectronic-Marin SA product. EM Microelectronic-Marin SA reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. You are strongly urged to ensure that the information given has not been superseded by a more up-to-date version. © EM Microelectronic-Marin SA, 01/03,Rev.B Copyright 2003, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA 16 www.emmicroelectronic.com