ATMEL ATSHA204 Atmel cryptoauthentication Datasheet

ATSHA204
Atmel CryptoAuthentication
NOT RECOMMENDED
FOR NEW DESIGNS
Replaced by
ATSHA204A
DATASHEET
Features
 Secure authentication and validation device
 Integrated capability for both Host and Client operations
 Superior SHA-256 Hash algorithm with Message Authentication Code (MAC) and
Hash-Based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) options
 Best-in-class, 256-bit key length; storage for up to 16 keys
 Guaranteed unique 72-bit serial number
 Internal, high-quality Random Number Generator (RNG)
 4.5Kb EEPROM for keys and data
 512 OTP (One Time Programmable) bits for fixed information
 Multiple I/O options


High-Speed, Single-Wire Interface
1MHz I2C interface
 2.0V to 5.5V supply voltage range
 1.8V to 5.5V communications
 <150nA sleep current
 Extended, multi-level hardware security
 8-lead SOIC, 8-lead TSSOP, 3-lead SOT23, 8-pad UDFN, and 3-lead Contact
packages
Applications
 Anti-clone protection for accessories, daughter cards, and consumables
 Secure boot validation, software anti-piracy
 Network and computer access control
 Key exchange for encrypted downloads
 Authenticated/encrypted communications for control networks
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Table 1.
Pin Configurations
Pin Name
Function
NC
No Connect
GND
Ground
SDA
Serial Data
SCL
Serial Clock Input
VCC
Power Supply
Figure 1.
Pinouts
8-lead SOIC
NC
NC
NC
GND
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
NC
NC
NC
GND
VCC
NC
SCL
SDA
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
VCC
NC
SCL
SDA
Top View
Top View
3-lead SOT23
8-pad UDFN
2
GND
8-lead TSSOP
VCC
3
1
SDA
VCC 8
1
NC
NC 7
2
NC
SCL 6
3
NC
SDA 5
4
GND
Bottom View
Top View
3-lead Contact
1
SDA
2
GND
3
VCC
Bottom View
2
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
T ab le of Cont ent s
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1
1.2
1.3
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Device Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Cryptographic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Device Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1
2.2
EEPROM Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.1
Data Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2
Configuration Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.3
One Time Programmable (OTP) Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1.4
Device Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Static RAM (SRAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2.1
TempKey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. Security Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1
3.2
Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Random Number Generator (RNG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4. General I/O Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1
Byte and Bit Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1.1
Output Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1.2
MAC Message Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5. Single-Wire Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
I/O Tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I/O Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.1
Transmit Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.1
I/O Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.2
Synchronization Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sharing the Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transaction Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wiring Configuration for Single-Wire Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
24
6. I2C Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
I/O Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1.1
Device is Asleep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1.2
Device is Awake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I2C Transmission to the ATSHA204 Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2.1
Word Address Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2.2
Command Completion Polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
I C Transmission from the ATSHA204 Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Address Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I2C Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transaction Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
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25
25
25
27
28
28
28
29
29
30
3
7. Electrical Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AC Parameters — All I/O Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.1
AC Parameters — Single-Wire Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3.2
AC Parameters — I2C Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DC Parameters — All I/O Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4.1
VIH and VIL Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
31
31
32
34
35
35
8. Control Flags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
I/O Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.1.1
Status/Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sleep Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idle Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wake Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Watchdog Failsafe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Command Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.1
Command Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.2
Command Opcodes, Short Descriptions, and Execution Times . . .
8.6.3
Zone Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.4
Address Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.5
CheckMac Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.6
DeriveKey Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.7
DevRev Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.8
GenDig Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.9
HMAC Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.10 Lock Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.11 MAC Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.12 Nonce Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.13 Pause Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.14 Random Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.15 Read Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.16 UpdateExtra Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.6.17 Write Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
38
39
39
39
39
40
40
41
42
43
44
46
48
49
51
53
54
56
58
59
60
62
63
9. Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10. Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10.1
Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
11. Package Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
8-lead SOIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-lead TSSOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-lead SOT23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-pad UDFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-lead Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
68
69
70
71
12. Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13. Errata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4
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Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
14. Reference and Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
14.1
14.2
14.3
SHA-256 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HMAC/SHA-256 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Key Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3.1 Diversified Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3.2 Rolled Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3.3 Created Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3.4 Single-use Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3.5 Limited-use Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3.6 Password Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14.3.7 Transport Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
74
74
74
75
75
75
75
76
77
78
15. Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
5
1.
Introduction
The following sections introduce the features and functions of the Atmel® ATSHA204 authentication device.
1.1
Applications
The ATSHA204 is a member of the Atmel CryptoAuthentication™ family of high-security hardware authentication
devices. It has a flexible command set that allows use for many applications, including the following:
1.2

Anti-counterfeiting
Validate that a removable, replaceable, or consumable Client is authentic. Example Clients could be printer ink
tanks, electronic daughter cards, or other spare parts. It can also be used to validate a software/firmware module
or memory storage element.

Protection for Firmware or Media
Validate code stored in flash memory at boot to prevent unauthorized modifications (also known as secure boot),
encrypt downloaded media files, and uniquely encrypt code images to be usable on a single system only.

Session Key Exchange
Securely and easily exchange stream encryption keys for use by an encryption/decryption engine in the system
microprocessor to manage such things as a confidential communications channel or an encrypted download.

Secure Data Storage
Store secret keys for use by crypto accelerators in standard microprocessors. It can also be used to store small
quantities of data necessary for configuration, calibration, ePurse value, consumption data, or other secrets.
Programmable protection up through encrypted/authenticated reads and writes.

User Password Checking
Validate user entered passwords without letting the expected value become known, map simple passwords to
complex ones, and securely exchange password values with remote system.
Device Features
The ATSHA204 device includes an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) array that can
be used for storage of keys, miscellaneous read/write, read-only or secret data, consumption logging, and security
configuration. Access to the various sections of memory can be restricted in a variety of ways and the configuration then
locked to prevent changes. See Section 2.1, “EEPROM Organization” for more details.
The ATSHA204 features a wide array of defensive mechanisms specifically designed to prevent physical attacks on the
device itself or logical attacks on the data transmitted between the device and the system see Section 3., “Security
Features” for more details. Hardware restrictions on the ways in which keys are used or generated provide further
defense against certain styles of attack.
Access to the device is through a standard I2C interface at speeds up to 1Mb/s. see Section 6., “I2C Interface” for more
details. It is compatible with the I2C interface specifications. The device also supports a Single-Wire Interface that can
reduce the number of GPIOs required on the system processor and/or reduce the number of pins on connectors. See
Section 5., “Single-Wire Interface” for more details.
Using the Single-Wire Interface, multiple ATSHA204 devices can share the same bus, which saves processor GPIO
usage in systems with multiple Clients such as different color ink tanks or multiple spare parts. See Section 5.4, “Sharing
the Interface” and Section 8.6.13, “Pause Command” for more details on the way in which this is implemented.
Each ATSHA204 ships with a guaranteed unique 9-byte (72-bit) serial number. Using the cryptographic protocols
supported by the device, a Host system or remote server can prove that the serial number is both authentic and is not a
copy. Serial numbers are often stored in a standard Serial EEPROM, but these can be easily copied, and there is no way
for the Host to know if the serial number is authentic or a clone. The entire serial number must be utilized to guarantee
uniqueness.
The ATSHA204 can generate high-quality random numbers and employ them for any purpose, including as part of the
crypto protocols of this device. Because each 32-byte (256-bit) random number is not dependent on passed numbers
generated on this or any other device, their inclusion in the protocol calculation ensures that replay attacks
6
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
(re-transmitting a previously successful transaction) always fail. See Section 3.2, “Random Number Generator (RNG)”
and Section 8.6.14, “Random Command”.
System integration is eased with a wide supply voltage range (2.0V through 5.5V) and an ultra-low sleep current of
<150nA. Complete DC parameters are found in Section 7., “Electrical Characteristics”, which describes multiple package
options, including a tiny SOT23 package with a footprint of only 2.5mm x 3mm. See Section 11., “Package Drawings” for
more details and for ordering codes.
See Section 9., “Compatibility” for information regarding compatibility with the Atmel AT88SA102S and the Atmel
AT88SA10HS (previous members of the Atmel CryptoAuthentication family).
1.3
Cryptographic Operation
The ATSHA204 supports a standard challenge-response protocol to simplify programming. At its most basic, the Host
system sends a challenge to the device in the Client, which combines that challenge with a secret key via the Message
Authentication Code (MAC) command from the system, described in Section 8.6.11, “MAC Command” and sends the
response back to the system. The device uses a cryptographic hash algorithm for the combination, which prevents an
observer on the bus from deriving the value of the secret key, but allows the recipient to verify that the response is correct
by performing the same calculation (combining the challenge with the secret) with a stored copy of the secret.
This basic operation can be expanded in many ways with the flexible command set of the ATSHA204. Using the GenDig
command (Section 8.6.8, “GenDig Command”), the values in other slots can be included in the response digest which
provides an effective way of proving that a data read really did come from the device, as opposed to being inserted by a
man-in-the-middle attacker. This same command can be used to combine two keys with the challenge, which is useful
when there are multiple layers of authentication to be performed.
The DeriveKey command (Section 8.6.6, “DeriveKey Command”) implements a key rolling scheme. Depending on the
command mode parameter, the resulting operation can be similar to that implemented in a remote-controlled garage
door opener. Each time the key is used, the current value of the key is cryptographically combined with a value specific to
that system, and the result forms the key for the next cryptographic operation. Even if an attacker gets the value of one
key, that key will be gone forever with the next use.
DeriveKey can also be used to generate new random keys that might be valid only for a particular Host ID, for a particular
time period, or for some other restricted environment. Each generated key is different from any other key ever generated
on any device. By “activating” a Host-Client pair in the field in this manner, a clone of a single Client would not work on
any other Host.
In a Host-Client configuration where the Host (e.g. a mobile phone) needs to verify a Client (e.g. an OEM battery), there
is a need to store the secret in the Host in order to validate the response from the Client. The CheckMac command
(Section 8.6.5, “CheckMac Command”) allows the Host device to securely store the Client secret and hide the correct
response value from the pins, returning only a yes/no answer to the system.
Where a user-entered password is a requirement, the CheckMac command also provides a way to both verify the
password without exposing it on the communications bus as well as map the password to a stored value that can have
much higher entropy. See Section 14.3.6, “Password Checking” for more details.
Finally, the hash combination of a challenge and secret key can be kept on the device and XORed with the contents of a
slot to implement an encrypted read (Section 8.6.15, “Read Command”), or it can be XORed with encrypted input data to
implement an encrypted write (Section 8.6.17, “Write Command”).
Each of these operations can be protected against replay attacks by including a random nonce (Section 8.6.12, “Nonce
Command”) in the calculation.
All security functions are implemented using the industry-standard SHA-256 secure hash algorithm, which is part of the
latest set of high-security cryptographic algorithms recommended by various governments and cryptographic experts.
Section 14.1, “SHA-256” includes a reference to the algorithm details. If desired, the SHA-256 algorithm can also be
included in an HMAC sequence (See Section 8.6.9, “HMAC Command”). The ATSHA204 employs full-sized, 256-bit
secret keys to prevent any kind of exhaustive attack.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
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7
2.
Device Organization
The device contains the following memory blocks:
2.1

EEPROM

SRAM
EEPROM Organization
The EEPROM contains a total of 664-bytes (5312-bits), and is divided into the following zones:

Data
A 512-byte (4Kb) zone split into 16 general-purpose, read-only, or read/write memory slots of 32 bytes (256 bits)
each that can be used to store keys, calibration data, model number, or other information related to the item to
which the ATSHA204 device is attached. Each slot may have different access restrictions based on the values
stored in the Configuration zone. Within this document the nomenclature slot[yy] indicates the 32-byte value stored
in slot yy of the Data zone.

Configuration
An 88-byte (704-bit) zone that contains serial number and other ID information as well as access permission
information for each slot of the data memory. Within this document the nomenclature SN[a:b] indicates a range of
bytes within a field of the configuration section. The 88-bytes are accessible from within a three-block address
space.

OTP (One Time Programmable)
A 64-byte (512-bit) zone which can be used to store read-only data. Prior to locking the OTP zone, the bits may be
freely written using the standard Write command. The OTP zone is accessible from within a two-block address
space. Within this document the nomenclature OTP[bb] indicates a byte within the OTP zone, while OTP[aa:bb]
indicates a range of bytes.
Within this document, the terms “slot” and “block” are used interchangeably to mean a single, 256-bit (32-byte) area of a
particular memory zone. The industry SHA-256 documentation uses the term “block” to indicate a 512-bit section of the
message input. In addition, the I/O section of this document uses the term “block” to indicate a variable-length aggregate
element transferred between the system and the device.
In this specification, the nomenclature mode:b indicates bit b of the parameter mode.
On shipment from Atmel, the EEPROM contains factory test data that can be used for fixed-value board testing. This
data must be overwritten with the desired contents prior to locking the configuration and/or data sections of the device.
See the Atmel website for the document containing the specific shipment values.
8
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
2.1.1
Data Zone
This zone of 512-bytes (4Kb) is part of the EEPROM array, and can be used for secure storage purposes.
Prior to locking the configuration section (using lockConfig), the Data zone is inaccessible and can be neither read nor
written. After configuration locking, the entire Data zone can be written using the Write command. If desired, the data to
be written can be encrypted.
In Table 2-1, “Byte Address” is the byte address within the Data zone for the first byte in the respective slot. Because all
Reads and Writes with the ATSHA204 are performed on a word (4-byte or 32-byte) basis, the word address in the table
below should be used for the address parameter passed to the Read and Write commands.
Table 2-1.
Data Zone Slots
Slot
Byte Address
(Hex)
Word Address
(Hex)
Slot
Byte Address
(Hex)
Word Address
(Hex)
0
0x0000
0x0000
8
0x0100
0x0040
1
0x0020
0x0008
9
0x0120
0x0048
2
0x0040
0x0010
10
0x0140
0x0050
3
0x0060
0x0018
11
0x0160
0x0058
4
0x0080
0x0020
12
0x0180
0x0060
5
0x00A0
0x0028
13
0x01A0
0x0068
6
0x00C0
0x0030
14
0x01C0
0x0070
7
0x00E0
0x0038
15
0x01E0
0x0078
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
9
2.1.2
Configuration Zone
The 88-bytes (704-bits) in the Configuration zone contain manufacturing identification data, general device, and system
configuration, and access restriction control values for the slots within the data zone. The values of these bytes can
always be obtained using the Read command. The bytes of this zone are arranged as shown in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2.
Configuration Zone
Word
Byte 0
Byte 1
Byte 3
Default
Write Access
Read
Access
0x00
Serial Number[0:3]
01 23 xx xx
Never
Always
0x01
Revision Number
xx xx xx xx
Never
Always
0x02
Serial Number[4:7]
xx xx xx xx
Never
Always
0x03
SN[8]
Reserved
I2C Enable
Reserved
EE 55 xx 00
Never
Always
0x04
I2C Address
Must be 0
OTP Mode
Selector Mode
C8 00 55 00
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x05
Slot Configuration 0
Slot Configuration 1
8F 80 80 A1
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x06
Slot Configuration 2
Slot Configuration 3
82 E0 A3 60
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x07
Slot Configuration 4
Slot Configuration 5
94 40 A0 85
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x08
Slot Configuration 6
Slot Configuration 7
86 40 87 07
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x09
Slot Configuration 8
Slot Configuration 9
0F 00 89 F2
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x0A
Slot Configuration 10
Slot Configuration 11
8A 7A 0B 8B
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x0B
Slot Configuration 12
Slot Configuration 13
0C 4C DD 4D
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x0C
Slot Configuration 14
Slot Configuration 15
C2 42 AF 8F
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x0D
Use Flag 0
Update Count 0
Use Flag 1
Update Count 1
FF 00 FF 00
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x0E
Use Flag 2
Update Count 2
Use Flag 3
Update Count 3
FF 00 FF 00
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x0F
Use Flag 4
Update Count 4
Use Flag 5
Update Count 5
FF 00 FF 00
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x10
Use Flag 6
Update Count 6
Use Flag 7
Update Count 7
FF 00 FF 00
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x11
Last Key Use 0
Last Key Use 1
Last Key Use 2
Last Key Use 3
FF FF FF FF
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x12
Last Key Use 4
Last Key Use 5
Last Key Use 6
Last Key Use 7
FF FF FF FF
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x13
Last Key Use 8
Last Key Use 9
Last Key Use 10
Last Key Use 11
FF FF FF FF
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x14
Last Key Use 12
Last Key Use 13
Last Key Use 14
Last Key Use 15
FF FF FF FF
If Config Is unlocked
Always
0x15
User Extra
Selector
Lock Data
Lock Config
00 00 55 55
Via Update Extra
Command Only
Always
2.1.2.1 I2C Enable
Bit 0:
0 = Single-Wire Interface
1 = I2C interface
Bit 1–7: Ignored and set by Atmel.
10
Byte 2
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
2.1.2.2 I2C Address
I2C
Bit 0 = Ignored
Bits 1 – 7 = I2C device address
Single-Wire:
Bits 0 – 2 = Ignored
Bit 3 = TTL Enable
0 = Input level uses a fixed reference.
1 = Input level uses VCC reference
Bits 4 – 7 = Ignored
2.1.2.3 OTP Mode
0xAA (Read-only mode) = When OTP zone is locked, writes are disabled.
0x55 (Consumption mode) = Not supported at this time. Please contact Atmel for more information.
0x00 (Legacy mode) = When OTP zone is locked, writes are disabled, reads to Words 0 and 1, and 32-byte reads are
disabled.
All other modes are reserved.
2.1.2.4 Selector Mode
0 = Selector can be updated with UpdateExtra.
All other values only allow Selector to be updated if it's value is zero.
2.1.2.5 Slot Config
See Table 2-3, SlotConfig Bits (Per Slot).
2.1.2.6 Use Flag
For uses with “single-use slots”. The quantity of “1” bits represents the number of times slots 0 – 7 may be used before
being disabled.
2.1.2.7 Update Count
Indicates how many times slots 0 – 7 have been updated with DeriveKey.
2.1.2.8 Last Key Use
Used to control limited use for Slot 15. Each “1” bit represents a remaining use for Slot 15.
2.1.2.9 UserExtra
Can be modified via the UpdateExtra command.
2.1.2.10 Selector
Selects which device will remain in active mode after the execution of the Pause command.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
11
2.1.2.11
Lock Data
Controls the Data and OTP zone access.
0x55 = The Data and OTP zone is unlocked and has write access.
0x00 = The Data and OTP zone can only be updated with the Write command. Slots in the Data zone can only be
modified based on the corresponding WriteConfig fields. The OTP zone can only be modified based on the OTP mode.
2.1.2.12
Lock Config
Configuration zone access.
0x55 = The Configuration zone has write access (unlocked).
0x00 = The Configuration zone does not have write access (locked).
2.1.2.13
SlotConfig (Bytes 20 – 51)
The 16 SlotConfig elements are used to configure the access protections for each of the 16 slots within the ATSHA204.
Each configuration element consists of 16 bits, which control the usage and access for that particular slot/key. The
SlotConfig field is interpreted according to Table 2-3 when the Data zone is locked. When the Data zone is unlocked,
these restrictions do not apply — all slots may be freely written and none may be read.
Table 2-3.
Bit
0–3
4
SlotConfig Bits (Per Slot)
Name
ReadKey
CheckOnly
Description
Slot of the key to be used for encrypted reads.
If 0x0, then this slot can be used as the source slot for the CheckMac Copy Command.
0 = This slot can be used for all crypto commands.
1 = This slot can only be used for CheckMac and GenDig followed by CheckMac Commands.
0 = No limit on the number of time the key can be used.
5
SingleUse
6
EncryptRead
7
IsSecret
1 = Limit on the number of time the key can be used based on the UseFlag (or last key used) for
the slot.
0 = Clear reads are permitted.
1 = Requires the slot to be Secret and encrypted read to access.
0 = The slot is not secret and requires clear read, clear write, no MAC check, and no Derivekey
Command.
1 = The slot is secret and requires encrypted reads and/or writes.
8 – 11
12 – 15
12
WriteKey
Slot of the key to be used to validate encrypted writes.
Write Config
See detailed function definition for use.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Table 2-4.
Write Configuration Bits — Derivekey Command
Bit 15
Bit 14
Bit 13
Bit 12
Source
Key(1)
Description
0
X
1
0
Target
DeriveKey command can be run without authorizing MAC (Roll).
1
X
1
0
Target
Authorizing MAC required for DeriveKey command (Roll).
0
X
1
1
Parent
DeriveKey command can be run without authorizing MAC (Create).
1
X
1
1
Parent
Authorizing MAC required for DeriveKey command (Create).
X
X
0
X
—
Note:
1.
Table 2-5.
The source key for the computation performed by the DeriveKey command can either be the key directly
specified in Param2 (the “Target”) or the key at slotConfig[Param2].WriteKey (the “Parent”).
See Section 14.3, “Key Values” for more details.
Write Configuration Bits — Write Command
Bit 15
Bit 14
Bit 13
Mode Name
0
0
0
Always
X
0
1
Never
1
0
X
Never
X
Slots with this value in the WriteConfig field may not be used as the
target of the DeriveKey command.
1
X
Encrypt
Description
Clear text writes are always permitted on this slot. Slots set to “always” should
never be used as key storage. Either 4 or 32 bytes may be written to this slot.
Writes are never permitted on this slot using the Write command
Slots set to “never” can still be used as key storage.
Writes are never permitted on this slot using the Write command
Slots set to “never” can still be used as key storage.
Writes to this slot require a properly computed MAC, and the input data must
be encrypted by the system with WriteKey using the encryption algorithm
documented in the Write command description (Section 8.6.16, “UpdateExtra
Command”). 4-byte writes to this slot are prohibited.
The 4-bit WriteConfig field is interpreted by the DeriveKey command as shown in Table 2-4, where X means don’t care.
Note: The tables overlap. For example, a code of 0110 indicates a slot that can be written in encrypted form using
the Write command and also can be the target of an unauthorized DeriveKey command with the target as the
source.
The 4-bit WriteConfig field is interpreted by the Write command as shown in Table 2-5, where X means don’t care.
Note: The tables overlaps with the DeriveKey Command. For example, a code of 0110 indicates a slot can be
written in encrypted form using the Write command, and can be the target of an unauthorized DeriveKey
command with the target as the source.
The IsSecret bit controls internal circuitry necessary for proper security for slots in which reads and/or writes must be
encrypted or are prohibited altogether. It must also be set for all slots that are to be used as keys, including those created
or modified with DeriveKey. Specifically, to enable proper device operation, this bit must be set unless WriteConfig is
“Always”. 4-byte accesses are prohibited to/from slots in which this bit is set.
Slots used to store key values should always have IsSecret set to one and EncryptRead set to zero (reads prohibited) for
maximum security. For fixed key values, WriteConfig should be set to “Never”. When configured in this way, there is no
way to read or write the key after the Data zone is locked; it may only be used for crypto operations.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
13
Some security policies require that secrets be updated from time to time. The ATSHA204 supports this capability in the
following way: WriteConfig for the particular slot should be set to “Encrypt”, and SlotConfig.WriteKey should point back to
the same slot by setting WriteKey to the slot ID. A standard Write command can be then used to write a new value to this
slot provided that the authentication MAC is computed using the old (current) key value.
2.1.2.14
Special Memory Values in the Configuration Zone (Bytes 0 – 12)
Various fixed information is included in the ATSHA204 that can never be written under any circumstances and can
always be read, regardless of the state of the lock bits.


2.1.3
SerialNum
Nine bytes (SN[0:8]) which together form a unique value that is never repeated for any device in the
CryptoAuthentication family. The serial number is divided into two groups:
1.
SN[0:1] and SN[8]
The values of these bits are fixed at manufacturing time in most versions of the ATSHA204. Their default
value is (0x01 0x23 0xEE). These 24 bits are always included in the SHA-256 computations made by the
ATSHA204.
2.
SN[2:7]
The values of these bits are programmed by Atmel during the manufacturing process and are different for
every die. These 6-bytes (48-bits) are optionally included in some SHA-256 computations made by the
ATSHA204.
RevNum
4-bytes of information that are used by Atmel to provide manufacturing revision information. These bytes can be
freely read as RevNum[0:3], but should never be used by system software, as they may vary from time to time.
One Time Programmable (OTP) Zone
The OTP zone of 64 bytes (512 bits) is part of the EEPROM array, and can be used for read-only storage.
Prior to locking the configuration section (using lockConfig), the OTP zone is inaccessible and can be neither read nor
written. After configuration locking, but prior to locking of the OTP zone (using lockData), the entire OTP zone can be
written using the Write command. If desired, the data to be written can be encrypted. When unlocked the OTP zone
cannot be read.
Once the OTP zone is locked, the OTPmode byte in the Configuration zone controls the permissions of this zone, as
follows:

Read-only Mode
In this mode, the data cannot be modified, and would be used to store fixed model numbers, calibration
information, manufacturing history, or other data that should never change. The Write command will always return
an error and leave the memory unmodified.
All 64-bytes within the OTP section are always available for reading using either 4-byte or 32-byte reads.

Consumption Mode
This mode is not currently supported. Contact Atmel for further information.

Legacy Mode
In the Legacy mode, the operation of the OTP zone is consistent the fuse array on the Atmel ATSA102S. Reads of
words zero and one are always prohibited, while reads of the remaining 14 words are always permitted. Only
4-byte (32-bit) reads are permitted, and any attempt to execute a 32-byte (256-bit) read will result in an error return
code. All Write operations to the OTP zone are prohibited. See Section 9., “Compatibility” for more of the Atmel
ATSA102S compatibility details.
All OTP zone bits have a value of one on shipment from the Atmel factory.
14
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Table 2-6.
2.1.4
OTP Zone
Word (HEX)
Address (HEX)
Default
0x00
0x00
0xFFFFFFFF
0x01
0x04
0xFFFFFFFF
0x02
0x08
0xFFFFFFFF
0x03
0x0C
0xFFFFFFFF
0x04
0x10
0xFFFFFFFF
0x05
0x14
0xFFFFFFFF
0x06
0x18
0xFFFFFFFF
0x07
0x1C
0xFFFFFFFF
0x08
0x20
0xFFFFFFFF
0x09
0x24
0xFFFFFFFF
0x0A
0x28
0xFFFFFFFF
0x0B
0x2C
0xFFFFFFFF
0x0C
0x30
0xFFFFFFFF
0x0D
0x34
0xFFFFFFFF
0x0E
0x38
0xFFFFFFFF
0x0F
0x3C
0xFFFFFFFF
Device Locking
There are two separate lock bytes for the device:

Lock the Configuration zone (controlled by LockConfig, byte 87).

Lock both the Data and OTP zones (controlled by LockData, byte 86).
These locks are stored within separate bytes in the Configuration zone, and can be modified only through the Lock
command. After a memory zone is locked, there is no way to unlock it.
The device should be personalized at the system manufacturer with the desired configuration information, and the
Configuration zone should be locked. When this lock is complete, all necessary writes of public and secret information
into the EEPROM slots should be performed using encrypted writes if appropriate. Upon completion of writes to the data
and OTP zones, the Data and OTP zones should be locked.
It is vital that the Data and OTP zones be locked prior to release of the system containing the device into the field. Failure
to lock these zones may permit modification of any secret keys and may lead to other security problems.
Any attempt to read or write the Data or OTP sections prior to locking the configuration section causes the device to
return an error.
Contact Atmel for optional secure personalization services.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
15
2.1.4.1 Configuration Zone Locking
Certain bytes within the Configuration zone cannot be modified, regardless of the state of LockConfig. Access to the
remainder of the bytes within the zone is controlled using the LockConfig byte in the Configuration zone, as shown in
Table 2-7. Throughout this document, if LockConfig is 0x55, the Configuration zone is said to be unlocked; otherwise it is
locked.
Table 2-7.
Configuration Zone Locking
Read Access
Write Access
LockConfig == 0x55 (unlocked)
Read
Write
LockConfig != 0x55 (locked)
Read
<never>
2.1.4.2 Data and OTP Zone Locking
Throughout this document, if LockData is 0x55, then both the Data and OTP zones are said to be unlocked; otherwise
they are locked.
Note:
There is neither read nor write access to the Data and OTP zones prior to locking of the Configuration zone.
Table 2-8.
Data and OTP Zone Access Restrictions
Read Access
Write Access
LockData == 0x55 (unlocked)
<never>
Write
LockData!= 0x55 (locked)
Read(1)
Write(1)
Note:
1.
Based on Slot Configuration for a given slot.
2.1.4.3 OTP Zone Locking
Reads and writes of the OTP zone depend on the state of the LockConfig, LockData, and OTP mode bytes in the
Configuration zone.
16
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
2.2
Static RAM (SRAM)
The device includes an SRAM Array that is used to store the input command or output result, intermediate computation
values, and/or an ephemeral key. The entire contents of this memory are always invalidated whenever the device goes
into sleep mode or the power is removed. The ephemeral key is named TempKey, and can be used as an input to the
MAC, HMAC, CheckMac, GenDig, and DeriveKey commands. It is also used as the Data protection (encryption or
decryption) key by the Read and Write commands. See the below, Section 2.2.1, “TempKey”.
2.2.1
TempKey
TempKey is a storage register in the SRAM array that can be used to store an ephemeral result value from the Nonce or
GenDig commands. The contents of this register can never be read from the device (although the device itself can read
and use the contents internally).
This register contains the elements shown in Table 2-9.
Table 2-9.
TempKey Storage Register
Name
Bit Length
Description
TempKey
256
(32-bytes)
Nonce (from Nonce command) or Digest (from GenDig command).
SlotID
4
SourceFlag
1
If TempKey was generated by GenDig (see the GenData and CheckFlag bits), these bits
indicate which key was used in its computation. The four bits represent one of the slots of the
Data zone.
The source of the randomness in TempKey:
0 = Internally generated random number (Rand).
1 = Input seed only, no internal random generation (Input).
0 = TempKey.SlotID is not meaningful, and is ignored.
GenData
1
CheckFlag
1
Valid
1
1 = The contents of TempKey were generated by GenDig using one of the slots in the Data
zone (and TempKey.SlotID will be meaningful).
If one, the contents of TempKey were generated by the GenDig command and at least one
of the keys used in that generation is restricted to the CheckMac command
(SlotConfig.CheckOnly is 1); otherwise, this bit will be zero.
0 = The information in TempKey is invalid.
1 = The information in TempKey is valid.
In this specification, the name “TempKey” refers to the contents of the 32-byte (256-bit) Data register. The remaining bit
fields are referred to as TempKey.SourceFlag, TempKey.GenData, and so on.
The TempKey.Valid bit is cleared to zero under any of the following circumstances:

Power-up, sleep, brown-out, watchdog expiration, or tamper detection. The contents of TempKey are however
retained when the device enters idle mode.

After the execution of any command other than Nonce or GenDig, regardless of whether or not the command
execution succeeds. It may be cleared by the CheckMac command unless a successful copy takes place. It is not
cleared if there is a communications problem, as evidenced by a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error.

An error during the parsing or execution of GenDig and/or Nonce.

Execution of GenDig replaces any previous output of the Nonce command with the output of the GenDig
command. Execution of the Nonce command likewise replaces any previous output of the GenDig command.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
17
3.
Security Features
3.1
Physical Security
The ATSHA204 incorporates a number of physical security features designed to protect the EEPROM contents from
unauthorized exposure. The security measures include:

An Active Shield over the part

Internal Memory Encryption

Secure Test Modes

Glitch Protection

Voltage Tamper Detection
Pre-programmed transport keys stored on the ATSHA204 are encrypted in such a way as to make retrieval of their
values using outside analysis very difficult.
Both the logic clock and logic supply voltage are internally generated, preventing any direct attack on these two signals
using the pins of the device.
3.2
Random Number Generator (RNG)
The ATSHA204 includes a high-quality random number generator that returns a 32-byte random number to the system.
The device combines this generated number with a separate input number to form a nonce that is stored within the
device in TempKey and may be used by subsequent commands.
The system may use this random number generator for any purpose. One common purpose would be as the input
challenge to the MAC command on a separate CryptoAuthentication device. The device provides a special Random
command for such purposes, which does do not affect the internally stored nonce.
To simplify system testing, prior to locking the Configuration zone the random number generator always returns the
following value:
ff ff 00 00 ff ff 00 00 …
where ff is the first byte read from the device and is used for the SHA message.
To prevent replay attacks on encrypted data that is passed to or from the ATSHA204, the device requires that a new,
internally generated nonce be included as part of the encryption sequence used to protect the data being read or written.
To implement this requirement, the data protection key generated by GenDig and used by the Read or Write command
must use the internal random number generator during the creation of the nonce.
Random numbers are generated from a combination of the output of a hardware random number generator and an
internal seed value, which is not externally accessible. The internal seed is stored in the EEPROM, and is normally
updated once after every power-up or sleep/wake cycle. After the update, this seed value is retained in registers within
the device that are invalidated if the device enters sleep mode or the power is removed.
Because there is an EEPROM endurance specification that limits the number of times the EEPROM seed can be
updated, the Host system should manage power cycles to minimize the number of required updates. In certain
circumstances, the system may choose to suppress the EEPROM seed update using the mode parameter to the Nonce
and Random commands. Because this may affect the security of the system, it should be used with caution. See Section
8.6.12, “Nonce Command” and Section 8.6.14, “Random Command” for more information about how the EEPROM seed
update is controlled.
18
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
4.
General I/O Information
Communication with the ATSHA204 is achieved through one of two different protocols (I2C or Single-Wire) and is
selected based on the device ordered:

Single-Wire Interface
This mode uses a single GPIO connection on the system microprocessor connected to the SDA pin on the device.
It permits the fewest number of connector pins to any removable/replaceable entity. The bit rate is up to 26Kb/s
and is compatible with standard UART signaling.

I2C Interface
This mode is compatible with the Atmel AT24C16B Serial EEPROM interface. Two pins are required, Serial Data
(SDA) and Serial Clock (SCL). The I2C interface supports a bit rate of up to 1Mb/s.
The lowest levels of the I/O protocols are described in Section 5., “Single-Wire Interface” and Section 6., “I2C Interface”.
On top of the I/O protocol level, both interfaces transmit exactly the same bytes to and from the device to implement the
cryptographic commands and error codes documented in Section 8., “Control Flags”.
Note:
4.1
The device implements a failsafe internal watchdog timer that forces it into a very low-power mode after a certain
time interval, regardless of any current activity. System programming must take this into consideration. See
Section 8.5, “Watchdog Failsafe” for more details.
Byte and Bit Ordering
CryptoAuthentication uses a common ordering scheme for bytes and also for the way in which numbers and arrays are
represented in this datasheet:

All multi-byte aggregate elements are treated as arrays of bytes and are processed in the order received or
transmitted with index #0 first.

2-byte (16-bit) integers, typically Param2 appear on the bus least-significant byte first.
The bit order is different depending on the I/O channel used:
4.1.1

On the Single-Wire Interface, data is transferred to/from the ATSHA204 least-significant bit first on the bus.

On the I2C interface, data is transferred to/from the ATSHA204 most-significant bit first on the bus.
Output Example
The following bytes will be returned in this order on the bus by a 32-byte read of the configuration section with an input
address of 0x0000:
SN[0], SN[1], SN[2], SN[3], RevNum[0], RevNum[1], RevNum[2], RevNum[3], SN[4], SN[5], SN[6], SN[7], SN[8],
reserved, I2C Enable, reserved, I2C_Address, TempOffset, OTPmode, SelectorMode, SlotConfig[0].Read,
SlotConfig[0].Write, SlotConfig[1].Read, SlotConfig[1].Write, SlotConfig[2].Read, SlotConfig[2].Write,
SlotConfig[3].Read, SlotConfig[3].Write, SlotConfig[4].Read, SlotConfig[4].Write, SlotConfig[5].Read,
SlotConfig[5].Write
4.1.2
MAC Message Example
The following bytes will be passed to the SHA engine for a MAC command using a mode value of 0x71 and a SlotID of
slot x. In the example below, K[x] indicates the SlotID of slot x in the Data zone, with K[0] being the first byte on the bus
for a read from or write to that slot. OTP[0] indicates the first byte on the bus for a read of the OTP zone at address zero,
and so on.
K[0], K[1], K[2], K[3] … K[31], TempKey[0], TempKey[1], TempKey[2], TempKey[3] … TempKey[31], Opcode
(=0x08), Mode (=0x71), Param2(LSB = x), Param2(MSB = 0), OTP[0], OTP[1], OTP[2], OTP[3], OTP[4], OTP[5],
OTP[6], OTP[7], OTP[8], OTP[9], OTP[10], SN[8], SN[4], SN[5], SN[6], SN[7], SN[0], SN[1], SN[2], SN[3].
For more details regarding MAC messages, see Section 8.6.11, “MAC Command”.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
19
5.
Single-Wire Interface
In the Single-Wire Interface mode, communications to and from the ATSHA204 take place over the SDA pin, a single,
asynchronously timed wire, and the SCL pin is ignored.
Note:
The sleep current specification values are guaranteed only if the SCL pin is held low or left unconnected.
The overall communications structure is a hierarchy:
Wake Tokens
0x00
Start
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Stop
Wake
I/O Tokens
I/O tokens implement a single data bit transmitted on the bus, or the wake-up event. The figure
below shows how to uses the Single-Wire Interface with a standard RS-232 port. The port should
be set to 7-bit addressing.
0x7D
Start
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
Stop
1
1
1
Stop
Logic 0
0x7F
Start
1
1
1
1
Logic 1
20
I/O Flags
Flags consist of eight tokens (bits) that convey the direction and meaning of the next group of bits (if
any) that may be transmitted. Flags are always transmitted LSB first.
Blocks
Blocks of data follow the command and transmit flags. They incorporate both a byte count and a
checksum to ensure proper data transmission.
Packets
Packets of bytes form the core of the block (minus the byte count and CRC). They are either the
input or output parameters of a CryptoAuthentication command or status information from the
ATSHA204.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
5.1
I/O Tokens
There are a number of I/O tokens that may be transmitted over the Single-Wire Interface:
Input:
(to the ATSHA204)
Wake
Wake the device up from either sleep or idle states.
Zero
Send a single bit from the system to the device with a value of zero.
One
Send a single bit from the system to the device with a value of one.
Output: (from the ATSHA204)
ZeroOut
Send a single bit from the device to the system with a value of zero.
OneOut
Send a single bit from the device to the system with a value of one.
The waveforms are the same in either direction. There are some differences in timing; however, based on the
expectation that the Host has a very accurate and consistent clock, while the ATSHA204 has significant part-to-part
variability in its internal clock generator, due to normal manufacturing and environmental fluctuations.
The bit timing is designed to permit a standard UART running at 230.4Kbaud to transmit and receive the tokens
efficiently. Each byte transmitted or received by the UART corresponds to a single bit received or transmitted by the
device. The UART needs to be configured with 7-bits of data having 0x7F corresponding to a Logic 1 and 0x7D
corresponding to a Logic 0.
The Wake token is special in that it requires an extra long low pulse of 8μs on the SDA pin (see Table 7-3), which cannot
be confused with the shorter low pulses that occur during a Data token (Zero, One, ZeroOut, OneOut). Devices that are
in either the idle or sleep state ignore all data tokens until they receive a legal Wake token. Do not send a Wake token to
devices that are awake, as they will lose synchronization because the waveform can be resolved to neither a legal one
nor zero. See Section 5.3.2, “Synchronization Procedures” for the procedure to regain synchronization.
5.2
I/O Flags
The system is always the bus master; so before any I/O transaction, the system must send an 8-bit flag to the device to
indicate the I/O operation to be subsequently performed, as shown in Table 5-1.
Table 5-1.
5.2.1
I/O Flags
Value
Name
0x88
Transmit
Meaning
Communicates to the device to wait for a bus turnaround time and then start transmitting
its response to the previously transmitted command block.
Transmit Flag
The transmit flag is used to turn the bus around so that the ATSHA204 can send data back to the system. The bytes that
the device returns to the system depend on the current state of the device, and may include either status, error code, or
command results.
When the device is busy executing a command, it ignores the SDA pin and any flags sent by the system. See
Section 8.6.2, “Command Opcodes, Short Descriptions, and Execution Times” for execution delays in the device for each
command type. The system must observe these delays before trying to communicate with the device after sending a
command.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
21
5.3
Synchronization
Because the communications protocol is half-duplex, there is the possibility that the system and the ATSHA204 will fall
out of synchronization with each other. In order to speed recovery, the device implements a timeout that forces it to sleep
under certain circumstances.
5.3.1
I/O Timeout
After a leading transition for any data token has been received, the ATSHA204 will expect the remaining bits of the token
to be properly received by the device within the tTIMEOUT interval. Failure to send enough bits or the transmission of an
illegal token (a low pulse exceeding tZLO) will cause the device to enter the sleep state after the tTIMEOUT interval.
The same timeout applies during the transmission of the command block. After the transmission of a legal command flag,
the I/O timeout circuitry is enabled until the last expected data bit is received.
Note:
The timeout counter is reset after every legal token, and the total time to transmit the command may exceed the
tTIMEOUT interval while the time between bits may not.
The I/O timeout circuitry is disabled when the device is busy executing a command.
5.3.2
Synchronization Procedures
If the device is not busy when the system sends a transmit flag, the device should respond within tTURNAROUND. If tEXEC
time has not already passed, the device may be busy, and the system should poll or wait until the maximum tEXEC time
has elapsed. If the device still does not respond to a second transmit flag within tTURNAROUND, it may be out of
synchronization. At this point, the system may take the following steps to reestablish communication:
1.
Wait tTIMEOUT.
2.
Send the transmit flag.
3.
If the device responds within tTURNAROUND, then the system may proceed with more commands.
4.
Send a Wake token.
5.
Wait tWHI.
6.
Send the transmit flag.
7.
The device should respond with a 0x11 status within tTURNAROUND, at which time system may proceed with
commands.
Any command results in the I/O buffer may be lost when the system and device lose synchronization.
5.4
Sharing the Interface
Multiple CryptoAuthentication devices may share the same interface, as follows:
1.
System issues a Wake token (Section 8.4, “Wake Sequence”) to wake-up all devices.
2.
The system issues the Pause command to put all but one of the devices into idle mode. Only the remaining device
then sees any commands the system sends. When the system has completed talking to the one active device, it
sends an idle flag, which the idle devices ignore but puts the single remaining active device into the idle mode. See
Section 8.6.13, “Pause Command” for more details.
Steps 1 and 2 are repeated for each device on the wire. If the system has completed communications with the final
device, it should wake all the devices up and then put all the devices to sleep to reduce total power consumption.
The device uses the selector byte within the configuration zone to determine which device stays awake – only that device
with a selector value that matches the input parameter of the Pause command stays awake. In order to facilitate late
configuration of systems that use the multi-device sharing mode, the following three update capabilities for the selector
byte are supported:
22
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
5.5
1.
Unlimited Updates
At any time, the UpdateExtra command can be executed to write the value in the selector field of the Configuration
zone. To enable this mode, set the SelectorMode byte in the Configuration zone to zero.
2.
One-time Field Update
If the SelectorMode byte is set to a non-zero value and the selector byte is set to a zero value prior to locking the
Configuration zone. Then, at any time after the Configuration zone is locked the UpdateExtra command can be
used one time to set Selector to a non-zero value. The UpdateExtra command is not affected by the LockData
byte.
3.
Fixed Selector Value
The selector byte can never be modified after the Configuration zone is locked if both SelectorMode and Selector
are set to non-zero values. The UpdateExtra command will always return an error code.
Transaction Example
Figure 5-1. Wake (Single-Wire)
Host
Figure 5-2. Example (Single-Wire)
Device
Host
Device
Wake
→
Wake
→
Transmit
→
Transmit
→
←
Data
←
Command
→
Data
→
Transmit
→
Data
←
Idle/Sleep
Data
→
Figure 5-3. Example (Single-Wire)
Wake Token 0x00
Transmit 0x88
Host
0
0
0
1
0
0
Count 0x04
0
1
Device
0
CRC-16 0x33
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Command 0x77
1
1
0
CRC-16 0x43
Host
Device
Status 0x11
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Count
1
0
0
Opcode
Param1
Param2
Param2
Data (0 – N)
Transmit 0x88
Count
Data (1 – N)
Host
Device
Host
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Device
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
CRC-16
CRC-16
Host
Device
Idle
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
23
5.6
Wiring Configuration for Single-Wire Interface
Using the Single-Wire Interface allows the connection of the ATSHA204 to a Host using only a single SDA pin to transfer
data in both directions. This interface does not use the SCL pin. In this configuration, no bypass capacitor is required to
connect the device to the system (bypass capacitor is recommended).
To prevent forward biasing the internal diode and drawing current across power planes in the system, the resistor pull-up
on the SDA pin should either be connected to the same supply that is connected to the VCC pin or to a lower voltage rail.
If the signal levels for SDA are different from the VCC voltage, consult the parametric specifications section of this
document to ensure that the signal levels are such that excessive leakage current will be minimized when in sleep
modes. This situation might occur if the ATSHA204 device is physically distant from the bus master device, or the supply
voltage for the bus master is different from the supply voltage for the ATSHA204.
Figure 5-4. 3-wire Configuration for Single-Wire Interface
24
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
6.
I2C Interface
The I2C interface uses the SDA and SCL pins to indicate various I/O states to the ATSHA204. This interface is designed
to be compatible at the protocol level with other I2C devices operating up to 1MHz.
The SDA pin is normally pulled high with an external pull-up resistor, as the ATSHA204 includes only an open-drain
driver on its output pin. The bus master may be either open–drain or totem pole, and if the latter, then it should be
tri-stated when the ATSHA204 is driving results on the bus. The SCL pin is an input, and must be driven both high and
low at all times by an external device or pull-up.
6.1
I/O Conditions
The device responds to the following I/O conditions:
6.1.1
Device is Asleep
When the device is asleep, it ignores all but the wake condition
Wake:
If SDA is held low for a period greater than tWLO, the device exits low-power mode and, after a delay
of tWHI, is ready to receive I2C commands. The device ignores any levels or transitions on the SCL
pin when the device is idle or asleep and during tWLO. At some point during tWHI, the SCL pin is
enabled and the conditions listed in Section Section 6.1.2, “Device is Awake”, are honored.
The Wake condition requires either that the system processor manually drive the SDA pin low for tWLO, or that a data byte
of 0x00 is transmitted at a clock rate sufficiently slow that SDA is low for a minimum period of tWLO. When the device is
awake, the normal processor I2C hardware and/or software can be used for device communications up to and including
the I/O sequence required to put the device back into low-power (sleep) mode.
When there are multiple ATSHA204 devices on the bus and the I2C interface is run at 133KHz or slower, the
transmission of certain data patterns (such as 0x00) will cause all the ATSHA204 devices on the bus to wake-up.
Because subsequent device addresses transmitted along the bus will only match the desired devices, the unused
devices will remain inactive and not cause any bus conflicts.
In I2C mode, the device will ignore a wake sequence sent when the device is already awake.
6.1.2
Device is Awake
When the device is awake, it honors the conditions listed below.
Data Zero:
If SDA is low and stable while SCL goes from low to high to low, then a zero bit is being transferred
on the bus. SDA can change while SCL is low.
Data One:
If SDA is high and stable while SCL goes from low to high to low, then a one bit is being transferred
on the bus. SDA can change while SCL is low.
Figure 6-1. Data Bit Transfer on I2C Interface
SDA
SCL
Data line stable;
Data valid
Change of
data allowed
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
25
Start:
A high-to-low transition of SDA with SCL high is a Start condition, which must precede all
commands.
Stop:
A low-to-high transition of SDA with SCL high is a Stop condition. After this condition is received by
the device, the current I/O transaction ends. On input, if the device has sufficient bytes to execute a
command, the device transitions to the busy state and begins execution. The Stop condition should
always be sent after any packet is sent to the device although not required. The device will start
when the correct number of bytes is received. In the case of an error on the bus, the device will
reset on the watchdog timer.
Figure 6-2. Start and Stop Conditions on I2C Interface
SDA
SCL
S
P
Start
Condition
Stop
Condition
Acknowledge (ACK): On the ninth clock cycle after every address or data byte is transferred, the receiver will pull
the SDA pin low to acknowledge proper reception of the byte.
Not Acknowledge (NACK): Alternatively, on the ninth clock cycle after every address or data byte is transferred,
the receiver can leave the SDA pin high to indicate that there was a problem with the reception of
the byte or that this byte completes the block transfer.
Figure 6-3. NACK and ACK Conditions on I2C Interface
Data Output
by Transmitter
Not Acknowledge
Data Output
by Receiver
Acknowledge
SCL from
Master
1
S
Start
Condition
2
8
9
Clock Pulse for
Acknowledgement
Multiple ATSHA204 devices can easily share the same I2C interface if the I2C address byte is programmed differently for
each device on the bus. Because six of the bits of the device address are programmable, the ATSHA204 can also share
the I2C interface with any standard I2C device, including any serial EEPROM. Bit 3 (also known as TTL Enable) must be
programmed according the input thresholds desired, and is fixed in a particular application.
26
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
6.2
I2C Transmission to the ATSHA204 Device
The transmission of data from the system to the AT88SA102S is summarized in Figure 6-4. The order of transmission is:
1.
Start Condition
2.
Device Address Byte
3.
Word Address Byte
4.
Optional Data Bytes (1 through N)
5.
Stop Condition
Figure 6-4. Normal I2C Transmission to an ATSHA204
SDA
1-7
SCL
8
9
1-7
R/W
ACK1
8
9
1-7
8
9
1-7
8
9
1-7
8
9
S
P
Start
Device
Condition Address
Note:
Word
Address
ACK1
Data 1
ACK1
Data 2
ACK1
Data N
Stop
ACK1
Condition
SDA is driven low by the ATSHA204 during the ACK periods
The tables below label the bytes of the I/O transaction. The I2C name column provides the names of the bytes as
described in the AT24C16B datasheet.
Table 6-1.
ATSHA204
I2C Transmission to ATSHA204
I2C Name
Direction
Description
Device
Address
Device
Address
To Slave
This byte selects a particular device on the I2C interface. The ATSHA204 is
selected if bits 1 – 7 of this byte match bits 1 – 7 of the I2C_Address byte in the
Configuration zone. Bit 0 of this byte is the standard I2C R/W bit, and should be
zero to indicate a Write operation (the bytes following the device address travel
from the master to the slave).
Data
Data1,N
To Slave
The input block.
Because the device treats the command input buffer as a FIFO, the input block can be sent to the device in one or many
I2C command blocks. The first byte sent to the device is the count, and so after the device receives that number of bytes,
it will ignore any subsequently received bytes until execution is finished.
The system must send a Stop condition after the last command byte to ensure that the ATSHA204 will start the
computation of the command. Failure to send a Stop condition may eventually result in a loss of synchronization (See
Section 6.5, “I2C Synchronization” for recovery procedures).
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
27
6.2.1
Word Address Values
During a I2C write packet, the ATSHA204 interprets the second byte sent as the word address, which indicates the
packet function, as described in Table 6-2.
Table 6-2.
6.2.2
Word Address Values
Name
Value
Description
Reset
0x00
Reset the address counter. The next read or write transaction will start with the beginning
of the I/O buffer.
Sleep
(Low Power)
0x01
The ATSHA204 goes into the low-power sleep mode and ignores all subsequent I/O
transitions until the next Wake flag. The entire volatile state of the device is reset.
Idle
0x02
The ATSHA204 goes into the idle state and ignores all subsequent I/O transitions until
the next Wake flag. The contents of TempKey and RNG Seed registers are retained.
Command
0x03
Write subsequent bytes to sequential addresses in the input command buffer that follow
previous writes. This is the normal operation.
Reserved
0x04 – 0xFF
These addresses should not be sent to the device.
Command Completion Polling
After a complete command has been sent to the ATSHA204, the device will be busy until the command computation
completes. The system has two options for this delay:
6.3

Polling
The system should wait tEXEC (typical) and then send a read sequence (See Section Section 6.3, “I2C
Transmission from the ATSHA204 Device”). If the device NACKs the device address, then it is still busy. The
system may delay for some time or immediately send another read sequence, again looping on NACK. After a total
delay of tEXEC (max), the device will have completed the computation and return the results.

Single Delay
The system should wait tEXEC (max), after which the device will have completed execution and the result can be
read from the device using a normal read sequence.
I2C Transmission from the ATSHA204 Device
When the ATSHA204 is awake and not busy, the bus master can retrieve the current buffer contents from the device
using an I2C read. If valid command results are available, the size of the block returned is determined by the particular
command that has been run (See Section 8., “Control Flags”); otherwise, the size of the block (and the first byte returned)
will always be four: count, status/error, and 2-byte CRC. The bus timing is shown in Figure 7-3.
Table 6-3.
ATSHA204
28
I2C transmission from ATSHA204
I2C
Name
Direction
Description
Device
Address
Device
Address
To slave
This byte selects a particular device on the I2C interface, and the ATSHA204
will be selected if bits 1-7 of this byte match bits 1-7 of the I2C_Address byte in
the configuration zone. Bit 0 of this byte is the standard I2C R/W pin, and
should be one to indicate that the bytes following the device address travel
from the slave to the master (read).
Data
Data1,N
To master
The output block, consisting of the count and status/error byte or the output
packet followed by the two-byte CRC per Section 8.2.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
The status, error, or command outputs can be read repeatedly by the master. Each time a read command is sent to the
ATSHA204 along the I2C interface, the device transmits the next sequential byte in the output buffer. See the following
section for details on how the device handles the address counter.
If the ATSHA204 is busy, idle, or asleep, it will NACK the device address on a read sequence. If a partial command has
been sent to the device, then it will NACK the device address, but float the bus during the data intervals.
6.4
Address Counter
Writes to and/or reads from the ATSHA204 I/O buffer over the I2C interface are treated as if the device were a FIFO.
Either the I2C byte or block write/read protocols can be used. The number of bytes transferred with each block sequence
does not affect the operation of the device.
The first byte transmitted to the device is treated as the count byte. Any attempt to send more than this number of bytes
or any attempts to write beyond the end of the I/O buffer (84 bytes) will cause the ATSHA204 to NACK those bytes.
After the Host writes a single command byte to the input buffer, reads from the Host are prohibited until after the device
completes command execution. Attempts to read from the device prior to the last command byte being sent will result in
an ACK of the device address but all ones (0xFF) on the bus. If the master attempts to send a read byte to the device
during command execution, the device will NACK the device address.
Data may be read from the device under the following three conditions:

On power-up, the single byte, 0x11 (See Section 8.6.2, “Command Opcodes, Short Descriptions, and Execution
Times”), can be read inside a four byte block.

If a complete block has been received by the device, but there are any errors in parsing or executing the
command, a single byte of error code is available, also inside a four byte block.

Upon completion of command execution, from 1-32 bytes of command result are available to be read inside a
block of 4-35 bytes.
Any attempt to read beyond the end of the valid output buffer returns 0xFF to the system — the address counter does not
wrap around to the beginning of the buffer.
There may be situations where the system may wish to re-read the output buffer; for example, when the CRC check
reveals an error. In this case, the master should send a two-byte sequence to the ATSHA204 consisting of the correct
device address and a word address of 0x00 (Reset, per Table 8-1), followed by a Stop condition. This causes the
address counter to be reset to zero, and permits the data to be re-written (re-read) to (from) the device. This address
reset sequence does not prohibit subsequent read operations if data was available for reading in the I/O buffer prior to
the sequence execution.
After one or more Read operations to retrieve the results of a command execution, the first Write operation resets the
address counter to the beginning of the I/O buffer.
6.5
I2C Synchronization
It is possible for the system to lose synchronization with the I/O port on the ATSHA204, perhaps due a system reset, I/O
noise, or other condition. Under this circumstance, the ATSHA204 may not respond as expected, may be asleep, or may
be transmitting data during an interval when the system is expecting to send data. Any command results in the I/O buffer
may be lost when the system and device lose synchronization.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
29
To re-synchronize, the following procedure should be followed:
1.
To ensure an I/O channel reset, the system should send the standard I2C software reset sequence, as follows:

A Start condition

Nine cycles of SCL with SDA held high

Another Start condition

A Stop condition
It should then be possible to send a read sequence, and, if synchronization has completed properly, the
ATSHA204 will ACK the device address. The device may return data or may leave the bus floating (which the
system will interpret as a data value of 0xFF) during the data periods.
If the device does ACK the device address, the system should reset the internal address counter to force the
ATSHA204 to ignore any partial input command that may have been sent. This can be accomplished by sending a
write sequence to word address 0x00 (Reset), followed by a Stop condition.
6.6
2.
If the device does not respond to the device address with an ACK, then it may be asleep. In this case, the system
should send a complete wake token and wait tWHI after the rising edge. The system may then send another read
sequence, and, if synchronization has completed, the device will ACK the device address.
3.
If the device still does not respond to the device address with an ACK, then it may be busy executing a command.
The system should wait the longest tEXEC (max) and then send the read sequence, which will be acknowledged by
the device.
Transaction Example
Figure 6-5. Wake (I2C)
Figure 6-6. Example (I2C)
Host
Device
Host
Device
Start
→
Start
→
Wake
→
Wake
→
Stop
→
Stop
→
Start
→
Start
→
Slave Address / R
→
Slave Address / R
→
←
Stop
→
Data
←
Stop
→
Start
→
Slave Address / W
→
Command
→
Data
→
Stop
→
Start
→
Slave Address / R
→
←
30
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Stop
→
Start
→
Slave Address / W
→
Idle / Sleep
→
Stop
→
Data
Data
7.
Electrical Characteristics
7.1
Absolute Maximum Ratings*
*Notice: Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage
to the device. This is a stress rating only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any
other condition beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device
reliability.
Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . .−40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . −65°C to + 150°C
Maximum Operating Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0V
DC Output Current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0mA
Voltage on any pin. . . . . . . . . . . .-0.5V to (VCC + 0.5V)
7.2
Reliability
The ATSHA204 is fabricated with the high reliability of the Atmel CMOS EEPROM manufacturing technology.
Table 7-1.
EEPROM reliability
Parameter
Min
Write Endurance (each byte at 25°C)
Max
Units
100,000
Write Cycles
Data Retention (at 55°C)
10
Years
Data Retention (at 35°C)
30
Read Endurance
7.3
Typical
50
Years
Unlimited
Read Cycles
AC Parameters — All I/O Interfaces
Figure 7-1. AC Timing Diagram — All I/O Interfaces
Wake
Data Comm
tWLO
tWHI
Noise
Suppresion
tLIGNORE
tHIGNORE
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
31
Table 7-2.
Parameter
Symbol
Direction
Min
Max
Unit
Wake Low
Duration
tWLO
To Crypto
Authentication
60
—
μs
SDA can be stable in either high or low
levels during extended sleep intervals.
Power-Up
Delay
tPU(1)
To Crypto
Authentication
100
μs
Minimum time between VCC > VCC min
prior to measurement of tWLO.
Wake High
Delay to
Data Comm.
tWHI
To Crypto
Authentication
2.5
ms
SDA should be stable high for this entire
duration.
High Side
Glitch Filter
@ Active
tHIGNORE_A
To Crypto
Authentication
45
ns
Pulses shorter than this in width will be
ignored by the device, regardless of its
state when active.
Low Side
Glitch Filter
@ Active
tLIGNORE_A
To Crypto
Authentication
45
ns
Pulses shorter than this in width will be
ignored by the device, regardless of its
state when active.
High Side
Glitch Filter
@ Sleep
tHIGNORE_S
To Crypto
Authentication
15
μs
Pulses shorter than this in width will be
ignored by the device when in sleep
mode.
Low Side
Glitch Filter
@ Sleep
tLIGNORE_S
To Crypto
Authentication
15
μs
Pulses shorter than this in width will be
ignored by the device when in sleep
mode.
Watchdog
Reset
tWATCHDOG(1)
To Crypto
Authentication
0.7
s
Max. time from wake until device is
forced into sleep mode (See Section 8.5,
“Watchdog Failsafe”).
Note:
7.3.1
AC Parameters — All I/O Interfaces
1.
Typ
1.3
These parameters are guaranteed through characterization, but not tested.
AC Parameters — Single-Wire Interface
Figure 7-2. AC Timing Diagram — Single-Wire Interface
Logic Ø
tSTART
tZHI
tZLO
tBIT
Logic 1
tSTART
tTURNAROUND
SDA
tSTART
32
1.7
Notes
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
tSTART
Table 7-3.
AC Parameters — Single-Wire Interface
Applicable from TA = −40°C to +85°C, VCC = +2.0V to +5.5V, CL =100pF (unless otherwise noted).
Parameter
Symbol
Start Pulse
Duration
tSTART
Zero
Transmission
High Pulse
Zero
Transmission
Low Pulse
(1)
Bit Time
Turnaround
Delay
I/O Timeout
Note:
1.
tZHI
tZLO
tBIT
Direction
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
To Crypto
Authentication
4.10
4.34
4.56
μs
From Crypto
Authentication
4.60
6.00
8.60
μs
To Crypto
Authentication
4.10
4.34
4.56
μs
From Crypto
Authentication
4.60
6.00
8.60
μs
To Crypto
Authentication
4.10
4.34
4.56
μs
From Crypto
Authentication
4.60
6.00
8.60
μs
If the bit time exceeds tTIMEOUT, then the
ATSHA204 may enter the sleep state. See
Section 5.3.1, “I/O Timeout” for specific
details.
To Crypto
Authentication
37
39
—
μs
From Crypto
Authentication
41
54
78
μs
From Crypto
Authentication
64
80
131
μs
The ATSHA204 will initiate the first low-going
transition after this time interval following the
start of the last bit (tBIT) of the Transmit flag.
To Crypto
Authentication
93
μs
After the ATSHA204 transmits the last bit of
a block, the system must wait this interval
before sending the first bit of a flag.
ms
The ATSHA204 may transition to the sleep
state if the bus is inactive longer than this
duration. See Section 5.3.1, “I/O Timeout”
for specific details.
tTURNAROUND
tTIMEOUT
Notes
To Crypto
Authentication
45
65
85
tSTART, tZLO, tZHI, and tBIT are designed to be compatible with a standard UART running at 230.4Kbaud for
both transmit and receive. The UART should be set to seven data bits, no parity, and one stop bit.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
33
7.3.2
AC Parameters — I2C Interface
Figure 7-3. I2C Synchronous Data Timing
tHIGH
tF
tR
tLOW
tLOW
SCL
tSU.STA
tHD.STA
tHD.DAT
tSU.DAT
tSU.STO
SDA IN
tAA
tDH
tBUF
SDA OUT
Table 7-4.
AC Characteristics of I2C Interface
Applicable over recommended operating range from TA = −40°C to + 85°C, VCC = +2.0V to +5.5V,
CL = 1 TTL gate and 100pF (unless otherwise noted).
Symbol
Parameter
fSCK
SCK Clock Frequency
Max
Units
1000
kHz
70
percent
SCK Clock Duty Cycle
30
tHIGH
SCK High Time
400
ns
tLOW
SCK Low Time
400
ns
tSU.STA
Start Setup Time
250
ns
tHD.STA
Start Hold Time
250
ns
tSU.STO
Stop Setup Time
250
ns
tSU.DAT
Data in Setup Time
100
ns
tHD.DAT
Data in Hold Time
0
ns
tR
Input rise time(1)
300
ns
tF
Input Fall Time(1)
100
ns
tAA
Clock Low to Data Out Valid
550
ns
tDH
Data Out Hold Time
50
(1)
tBUF
Time bus must be free before a new transmission can start.
Notes: 1.
2.
34
Min
50
ns
500
ns
Values are based on characterization, but are not tested.
AC measurement conditions:

RL (connects between SDA and VCC): 1.2k (for VCC +2.0V to +5.0V)

Input pulse voltages: 0.3VCC to 0.7VCC

Input rise and fall times: ≤ 50ns

Input and output timing reference voltage: 0.5VCC
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
7.4
DC Parameters — All I/O Interfaces
Table 7-5.
DC Parameters — All I/O Interfaces
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Ambient Operating
Temperature
TA
Power Supply
Voltage
VCC
Active Power
Supply Current
ICC
Idle Power Supply
Current
I IDLE
Unit
-40
85
°C
2.0
5.5
V
—
3
700
30
Notes
mA
0C +70C, VCC = 3.3V.
mA
-40C +85C, VCC = 5.5V.
μA
When device is in idle mode, VCC = 3.3V,
VSDA and VSCL < 0.3V or > > VCC-0.3.
When device is in sleep mode, VCC  3.6V,
150
nA
2
μA
When device is in sleep mode.
VSDA and VSCL < 0.3V or > VCC-0.3, TA  55°C
Output Low Voltage
VOL
0.4
V
When device is in active mode, VCC = 2.5 – 5.5V.
Output Low Current
IOL
4
mA
When device is in active mode, VCC = 2.5 – 5.5V,
VOL = 0.4V.
VIH and VIL Specifications
The input voltage thresholds when in sleep or idle mode are dependent on the VCC level as follows:
Figure 7-4. VIH and VIL When in Sleep or Idle Mode
VIH, VIL When in Sleep or Idle Mode
1.60
1.40
1.20
Vin
7.4.1
Max
1
I SLEEP
Sleep Current
Typ
VIH
1.00
VIL
0.80
0.60
0.40
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
VCC
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
35
When the device is active (not in sleep or idle mode), the input voltage thresholds are different, depending on the state of
TTLenable (bit 3) within the I2C_Address byte stored in the Configuration zone of the EEPROM. When a common
voltage is used for the ATSHA204 VCC pin and the input pull-up resistor, then this bit should be set to a one, which
permits the input thresholds to track the supply as follows:
Figure 7-5. VIH and VIL (Device Active, TTLenable = 1) — All I/O Interfaces
VIH, VIL when TTLenable is 1
3.20
3.00
2.80
2.60
2.40
2.20
Vin
2.00
VIH
VIL
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
VCC
If the voltage supplied to the VCC pin of the ATSHA204 is different from the system voltage to which the input pull-up
resistor is connected, then the system designer may chose to set TTLenable to zero, which enables a fixed input
threshold according to the following table.
Table 7-6.
36
VIL and VIH (Device Active, TTLenable = 0) — All I/O Interfaces
Parameter
Symbol
Input Low Voltage
VIL
Input High Voltage
VIH
Min
Max
Unit
GND- 0.5
0.5
V
When device is active and TTLenable bit in
configuration memory is zero; otherwise, see
above.
1.5
VCC + 0.5
V
When device is active and TTLenable bit in
configuration memory is zero; otherwise, see
above.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Typ
Notes
8.
Control Flags
Table 8-1.
Flag Values
Name
Value (I2C)
Value
(Single-Wire)
Reset
0x00
N/A
Reset the address counter. The next read or write transaction will start with
the beginning of the I/O buffer.
Sleep
(low-power)
0x01
0xCC
The ATSHA204 goes into the low-power sleep mode and ignores all
subsequent I/O transitions until the next Wake flag. The entire volatile state
of the device is reset.
Idle
0x02
0xBB
The ATSHA204 goes into the idle state and ignores all subsequent I/O
transitions until the next Wake flag. The contents of TempKey and RNG
seed registers are retained.
Command
0x03
0x77
Write subsequent bytes to sequential addresses in the input command
buffer that follow previous writes. This is the normal operation.
Reserved
All Other
Values
All Other
Values
See Interface
See Interface
Wake
8.1
Description
These addresses should not be sent to the device.
Wake the device from low-power mode and reset the watchdog counter.
I/O Blocks
Regardless of the I/O protocol being used (Single-Wire or I2C), commands are sent to the device, and responses
received from the device, within a block that is constructed in the following way:
Table 8-2.
Input Blocks
Byte
Name
Meaning
0
Flag
Instruction for the ATSHA204.
Data
Only used with the Command Flag.
Table 8-3.
Output Blocks
Byte
Name
Meaning
0
Count
Packet size. Includes Count, Data, and Checksum.
1 to N-2
Data
Response from the device based on the Command being called.
N-1 to N
Checksum
CRC-16. The CRC polynomial is 0x8005.
The ATSHA204 is designed in such a way that the count value in the input block should be consistent with the size
requirements specified in the command parameters. If the count value is inconsistent with the command opcode and/or
parameters within the packet, the ATSHA204 will respond in different ways, depending on the specific command. Either
the response may include an error indication or some input bytes may be silently ignored.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
37
8.1.1
Status/Error Codes
The device does not have a dedicated status register, and so the output FIFO is shared among status, error, and
command results. All output from the device is returned to the system as complete blocks, which are formatted identically
to input blocks:

Count

Packet

2-byte CRC
After the device receives the first byte of an input command block, the system cannot read anything from the device until
the system has sent all the bytes to the device.
After wake and after execution of a command, there will be error, status, or result bytes in the device’s output register
that can be retrieved by the system. When the length of that block is four bytes, the codes returned are detailed below in
Table 8-4. Some commands return more than four bytes when they execute successfully: the resulting packet description
is listed in the command section below.
CRC errors are always returned before any other type of error. They indicate that some sort of I/O error occurred and that
the command may be resent to the device. If a command includes both parse and execution errors, there is no particular
precedence enforced — an execution error may occur before a parse error and/or the reverse.
Table 8-4.
Status/Error Codes in 4-byte Blocks
State Description
Error/Status
Description
Successful
Command Execution
0x00
Command executed successfully.
Checkmac
Miscompare
0x01
The CheckMac command was properly sent to the device, but the input Client
response did not match the expected value.
Parse Error
0x03
Command was properly received, but the length, command opcode, or parameters
are illegal, regardless of the state (volatile and/or EEPROM configuration) of the
ATSHA204.
Changes in the value of the command bits must be made before it is re-attempted.
38
Command was properly received, but could not be executed by the device in its
current state.
Execution Error
0x0F
After Wake, Prior to
First Command
0x11
Indication that the ATSHA204 has received a proper Wake token.
CRC or other
Communications
Error
0xFF
Command was not properly received by the ATSHA204, and should be
re-transmitted by the I/O driver in the system.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Changes in the device state or the value of the command bits must be made before
it is re-attempted.
No attempt was made to parse or execute the command.
8.2
Sleep Sequence
Upon completion of system use of the ATSHA204, the system should issue a sleep sequence to put the device into
low-power mode. This sequence consists of the proper device address followed by the sleep flag followed by a Stop
condition. This transition to the low-power state causes a complete reset of the device internal command engine and
input/output buffer. It can be sent to the device at any time when it is awake and not busy.
8.3
Idle Sequence
If the total sequence of required commands exceeds tWATCHDOG, then the device will automatically go to sleep and lose
any information stored in the volatile registers. This action can be prevented by putting the device into the idle state prior
to completion of the watchdog interval. When the device receives the Wake token, it will then restart the watchdog timer,
and execution can be continued.
The idle sequence consists of the proper device address followed by the value of 0x02 as the word address followed by
a Stop condition. It can be sent to the device at any time when it is awake and not busy.
If TempKey was created as a result of the copy mode of the CheckMac command, it will not be retained when the part
goes into an idle state.
8.4
Wake Sequence
The Wake Sequence is triggered by holding SDA low for a period greater then tWLO. The Wake Sequence will cause all
devices on the bus to exit low-power mode, and after a delay of tWHI, be ready to receive commands.
8.5
Watchdog Failsafe
A watchdog counter starts within the device after the ATSHA204 receives a Wake token. After tWATCHDOG, the device
enters sleep mode regardless of whether some I/O transmission or command execution is in progress. There is no way
to reset the counter other than to put the device into sleep or idle mode and then wake it up again.
The watchdog timer is implemented as a failsafe mechanism so that no matter what happens on either the system side or
inside the device, including any I/O synchronization issue, power consumption will fall to the ultra-low sleep level
automatically.
The device resets the values stored in the SRAM and internal status registers when it transitions to the sleep state;
however, if the device is explicitly put into the idle mode through the appropriate I/O sequence, the device retains the
contents of the two SRAM registers (TempKey and RNG seed).
Normally, all command sequences must complete within tWATCHDOG if they require state that is stored in the SRAM
registers. The system software can use this idle mode mechanism to implement a longer command sequence than can
be completed during a single watchdog interval.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
39
8.6
Command Sequence
8.6.1
Command Packets
The command packet is broken down as shown in Table 8-5.
Table 8-5.
Command Packets
Byte #
Name
Meaning
0
Command
Command Flag. Not included in Count or CRC field.
1
Count
Packet size. Includes Count, Opcode, Param1, Param2, Data, and CRC. Does not include
Command.
2
Opcode
ATSHA204 operation being called.
3
Param1
First Parameter. One byte always present.
4–5
Param2
Second Parameter. Two bytes always present.
Data
Optional Data based on Command being called.
Checksum
CRC-16. The CRC polynomial is 0x8005. Includes Count, Opcode, Param1, Param2, and
Data. Does not include Command.
N-1to N
After the ATSHA204 receives all the bytes in a block, the device transitions to the busy state and attempts to execute the
command. Neither status nor results can be read from the device when it is busy. During this time, the device’s I/O
interface ignores all SDA transitions regardless of the I/O interface selected. The command execution delays are listed in
Section 8.6.15.1, “Read operations depend on the state of IsSecret and EncryptRead according to the following table:”.
If insufficient bytes are sent to the device when it is in one-wire mode, the device automatically transitions to the
low-power sleep state after the tTIMEOUT interval. In I2C mode, the device continues to wait for the remaining bytes until
the watchdog timer limit, tWATCHDOG, is reached or a Start/Stop condition is received by the device.
In the individual command description in Table 8-10 through Table 8-39, the size column describes the number of bytes
in the parameter documented in each particular row. If the input block size for a particular command is incorrect, the
device does not attempt to execute the command; instead, the device returns an error (see Section 8.1.1, “Status/Error
Codes”).
40
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
8.6.2
Command Opcodes, Short Descriptions, and Execution Times
During parsing of the parameters and subsequent execution of a properly received command, the device will be busy
and will not respond to transitions on the pins. The interval during which the device will be busy varies depending on the
command and its parameter values, the state of the device, the environmental conditions, and other factors per
Table 8-6.
Table 8-6.
Command Opcodes, Short Descriptions, and Execution Times
Typ. Exec.
Time(1), ms
Max. Exec.
Time(2), ms
Derive a target key value from the target or parent key.
14
62
0x30
Return device revision information.
0.4
2
GenDig
0x15
Generate a data protection digest from a random or input seed and
a key.
11
43
HMAC
0x11
Calculate response from key and other internal data using
HMAC/SHA-256.
27
69
CheckMac
0x28
Verify a MAC calculated on another Atmel CryptoAuthentication
device.
12
38
Lock
0x17
Prevent further modifications to a zone of the device.
5
24
MAC
0x08
Calculate response from key and other internal data using SHA-256.
12
35
Nonce
0x16
Generate a 32-byte random number and an internally stored nonce.
22
60
Pause
0x01
Selectively put just one device on a shared bus into the idle state.
0.4
2
Random
0x1B
Generate a random number.
11
50
Read
0x02
Read four bytes from the device, with or without authentication and
encryption.
0.4
4
UpdateExtra
0x20
Update bytes 84 or 85 within the configuration zone after the
configuration zone is locked.
8
12
Write
0x12
Write 4 or 32 bytes to the device, with or without authentication and
encryption.
4
42
Command
Opcode
DeriveKey
0x1C
DevRev
Description
Notes: 1.
Typical execution times are representative of the duration to execute the command assuming no error
conditions, fastest mode setting, no optional internal actions such as limited use keys, and favorable
environmental conditions. For best performance, delay for this interval and then start polling to determine
actual command completion.
2.
Maximum execution times are representative of the longest duration of a successful command execution
with all mode and internal actions enabled under extended statistical and environmental conditions.
Execution time may extend beyond these values in extreme situations. In most but not all cases, failing
commands will return relatively quickly, often well before the typical execution time.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
41
8.6.3
Zone Encoding
The value in Param1 for both the Read command and the Write command controls which zone the command accesses.
See Section 2.1.4.1, “Configuration Zone Locking” to obtain more information on what controls the “locked” and
“unlocked” states for each zone. All other zone values are reserved, and should not be used.
Table 8-7.
Zone
Name
Param1
Value
Config
0
OTP
Data
42
Zone Encoding (Param1)
Size
Read
Write
704 bits
88 bytes
3 slots
Always available.
Partially, when unlocked.
Never when locked.
Never encrypted.
1
512 bits
64 bytes
2 slots
Never when unlocked. Always
when locked, except in legacy
mode. See Section 2.1.3, “One
Time Programmable (OTP)
Zone ”.
Not allowed when LockConfig is unlocked.
All writeable when LockConfig is locked and
LockValue is unlocked.
Controlled by OTPmode when LockValue is locked.
See Section 2.1.3.
2
4096 bits
512 bytes
16 slots
Never when unlocked;
otherwise, controlled by IsSecret
and EncryptRead.
Not allowed when LockConfig is unlocked.
All writeable when LockConfig is locked and
LockValue is unlocked.
Controlled by WriteConfig when LockValue is locked.
See Section 2.1.4.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
8.6.4
Address Encoding
Param2 includes a single address that indicates the memory to be accessed. All Reads and Writes are in units of Words
(4-byte). The most-significant byte of a legal ATSHA204 address is always zero. All unused address bits should always
be set to zero. The least-significant bits in the address describe the offset to the first word to be accessed within the
Block/Slot, while the upper bits specify the Slot number per the table below:
Table 8-8.
Address Encoding (Param2)
Zone
Byte 0 (First Byte on the Bus)
7
6
5
Data
0
Config
0
0
0
OTP
0
0
0
4
3
Block
Block
0
Block
2
Byte 1
1
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Offset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Offset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Offset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Within each zone, there are various access restrictions per the table below:
Table 8-9.
Legal Block/slot Values
Zone
Legal
Block/Slot
(Inclusive)
Data
0 – 15
Notes
All offsets in all slots available for both read and write.
4-byte access permitted on a particular slot only if SlotConfig.IsSecret is zero.
Words above 16 (block 2, offset 6) can never be read.
Config
0–2
Words above 10 (block 2, offset 0) read and write must be in Word (4-byte) mode.
Words below 04 (block 0, offset 4) and above 15 (block 2, offset 5) can never be written.
OTP
0–1
When OTPmode is read-only, all offsets in both blocks are available to use with 4 and 32-byte
reads.
If OTPmode is consumption, then writes are also permitted to all offsets.
See Section 2.1.3, “One Time Programmable (OTP) Zone ” if OTPmode is Legacy.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
43
8.6.5
CheckMac Command
The CheckMac command calculates a MAC response that would have been generated on a CryptoAuthentication device
and compares that with an input value. It returns a Boolean to indicate the success or failure of the comparison.
Prior to running this command, the Nonce and/or GenDig commands may have been optionally run to create a key or
nonce value in TempKey. The mode parameter determines the source of the “key” (the first 32-bytes of the SHA
message) and “challenge/nonce” (the second-32 bytes of the SHA message).
If the comparison matches, then the target slot value may be copied into TempKey. If SlotID is even, then the target slot
is SlotD+1, else the target slot is SlotID. For the copy to take place, the mode parameter to CheckMac must have a value
of 0x01 and SlotConfig.ReadKey for the target key must be zero. When TempKey is loaded in this manner, it will not be
retained when the device enters the idle or sleep state.
Table 8-10. Input parameters
Name
Opcode
Size
CHECKMAC
1
Notes
0x28
Bit 0: Source of the second 32-bytes of the SHA message.
0: ClientChal parameter
1: TempKey
Bit 1: Source of the first 32-bytes of the SHA message.
0: Slot[SlotID]
1: TempKey
Param1
Mode
1
Bit 2: If TempKey is used it must match the value of TempKey.SourceFlag.
Bit 3-4:Must be zero.
Bit 5: 8-bytes of SHA message.
0: zeros
1: OTP zone
Bits 6-7: Must be zero.
Param2
SlotID
2
Which internal slot is to be used to generate the response. Only bits 0:3 are used.
Data1
ClientChal
32
Challenge sent to Client. (Must appear in the input stream).
Data2
ClientResp
32
Response generated by the Client.
Data3
OtherData
13
Remaining constant data needed for response calculation.
Table 8-11. Output parameter
44
Name
Size
Result
1
Notes
Returns a 1-byte value of zero if ClientResp matches the internally computed digest, one if there is a
mismatch.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
The message that will be hashed with the SHA-256 algorithm consists of the following information:
32 bytes
key[SlotID] or TempKey (depending on mode)
32 bytes
ClientChal or TempKey (depending on mode)
4 bytes
OtherData[0:3]
8 bytes
OTP[0:7] or 0s (depending on mode)
3 bytes
OtherData[4:6]
1 byte
SN[8]
4 bytes
OtherData[7:10]
2 bytes
SN[0:1]
2 bytes
OtherData[11:12]
The purpose of OtherData is to construct a SHA-256 message that will match identically to the MAC message that was
used to produce ClientResp. By comparing the message used for the SHA-256 of the MAC command, OtherData is
parsed as follows:
Table 8-12. OtherData
Size
CheckMac
MAC
Notes
1
OtherData[0]
OpCode
MAC OpCode = 08
1
OtherData[1]
Mode
Mode used for MAC command.
2
OtherData[2:3]
SlotID
SlotID used for MAC command.
3
OtherData[4:6]
OTP[8:10]
OTP[8:10] used for MAC command. (Useful for Legacy)
4
OtherData[7:10]
SN[4:7]
SN[4:7] used for MAC command. (Unique per Client)
2
OtherData[11:12]
SN[2:3]
SN[2:3] used for MAC command. (Unique per Client)
Figure 8-1. Data Flow for CheckMAC Command
Slot[SlotID]
TempKey
Mode
Challenge
Mode
SHA
(AUTH)
Response
Match
0X01
0x00
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
45
8.6.6
DeriveKey Command
The device combines the current value of a key with the Nonce stored in TempKey using SHA-256, and places the result
into the target key slot. SlotConfig[TargetKey]. Bit13 must be set or DeriveKey will return an error.
If SlotConfig[TargetKey].Bit12 is zero, the source key that will be combined with TempKey is the target key specified in
the command line (Roll Key operation). If SlotConfig[TargetKey].Bit12 is one, the source key is the parent key of the
target key, which is found in SlotConfig[TargetKey].WriteKey (Create Key operation).
Prior to execution of this command, the Nonce command must have been run to create a valid nonce in TempKey.
Depending on the state of bit two of the input mode, this nonce must have been created with the internal random number
generator, or it must have been fixed.
If SlotConfig[TargetKey].Bit15 is set, an input MAC must be present and have been computed as:
SHA-256(ParentKey, Opcode, Param1, Param2, SN[8], SN[0:1])
where the ParentKey ID is always SlotConfig[TargetKey].WriteKey.
If SlotConfig[TargetKey].Bit12 or SlotConfig[TargetKey].Bit15 is set and SlotConfig[ParentKey].SingleUse is also set,
DeriveKey returns an error if UseFlag[ParentKey] is 0x00. DeriveKey ignores SingleUse and UseFlag for the target key if
SlotConfig[TargetKey].Bit12 and SlotConfig[TargetKey].Bit15 are both zero.
For slots 0 – 7 only, if input parsing and the optional MAC check succeed, UseFlag[TargetKey] gets set to 0xFF and
UpdateCount[TargetKey] is incremented. If UpdateCount currently has a value of 255, it wraps to zero. If the command
fails for any reason, these bytes are not updated. The value of UpdateCount may be corrupted if power is interrupted
during the execution of DeriveKey.
Note:
If the source and target key are the same, there is a risk of permanent loss of the key value if power is
interrupted during the write operation. If the configuration bits permit it, the key slot may be recovered using an
authenticated and encrypted write based on the parent key.
Table 8-13. Input Parameters
Name
Opcode
Param1
Size
Notes
1
0x1C
1
Bit 2: The value of this bit must match the value in TempKey.SourceFlag or
the command will return an error.
DERIVEKEY
Random
Bits 0:1, 3:7: Must be zero.
Param2
TargetKey
Data
Mac
2
0 or 32
Key slot to be written.
Optional MAC used to validate operation.
Table 8-14. Output parameter
Name
Success
46
Size
1
Notes
Upon successful completion, the ATSHA204 returns a value of zero.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
The key written to the target slot is the result of a SHA-256 of the following message:
32 bytes
Target or parent key (depending on SlotConfig Bit12)
1 byte
Opcode
1 byte
Param1
2 bytes
Param2
1 byte
SN[8]
2 bytes
SN[0:1]
25 bytes
Zeros
32 bytes
TempKey.value
The data flow for this command is shown graphically in the figure below:
Figure 8-2. Data Flow for DeriveKey Command
Parent
Key
Target
Key
Mode
SHA
(AUTH)
Source Nonce
Key
SHA
(Derive)
Input MAC
Match
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
47
8.6.7
DevRev Command
DevRev command returns a single four-byte word representing the revision number of the device. Software should not
depend on this value as it may change from time to time.
Table 8-15. Input Parameters
Name
Size
Notes
Opcode
DEVREV
1
0x30
Param1
Mode
1
Must be zero.
Param2
—
2
Must be zero.
Data
—
0
—
Table 8-16. Output Parameters
Name
Success
48
Size
4
Notes
The current device revision number.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
8.6.8
GenDig Command
The GenDig command uses SHA-256 to combine a stored value with the contents of TempKey, which must have been
valid prior to the execution of this command. The stored value can come from one of the data slots, either of the OTP
pages, either of the first two pages of the Configuration zone, or retrieved from the hardware transport key array. The
resulting digest is retained in TempKey, and can be used in one of three ways:
1.
It can be included as part of the message used by the MAC, CheckMac, or HMAC commands. Because the MAC
response output incorporates both the data used in the GenDig calculation and the secret key from the MAC
command, it serves to authenticate the data stored in the Data and/or OTP zones.
2.
A subsequent Read or Write command can use the digest to provide authentication and/or confidentiality for the
data, in which case it is known as a data protection digest.
3.
This command can be used for secure personalization by using a value from the transport key array. The resulting
data protection digest would then be used by the Write Command.
If zone is two (Data) and SlotID is 15, the GenDig command sets TempKey.GenData to one and TempKey.SlotID to the
input SlotID; otherwise, TempKey.GenData is set to zero.
Regardless of how the resulting digest is computed, it can never be read from the device.
If TempKey.Valid is invalid, this command returns an error. Upon command completion, the TempKey.Valid bit is set,
indicating that a digest has been loaded and is ready for use. The TempKey.Valid bit is cleared when the next command
is executed. See Section 2.2, “Static RAM (SRAM)” for more details.
For all SlotID values less than 0x8000, the device uses the least-significant four bits of SlotID to determine the slot
number from which to retrieve the key value from the data zone of the EEPROM. SlotID values above 0x8000 reference
keys stored in the masks of the design. In any event, all 16 bits of SlotID as input to the device are used as Param2 in the
SHA-256 calculation.
If the zone parameter points to the Configuration zone, then this command returns an error if the Configuration zone is
unlocked.
When the key specified on input to GenDig has the CheckOnly bit set, GenDig can be used to generate ephemeral keys
matching those generated on Client CryptoAuthentication devices using the DeriveKey command. Keys that have the
CheckOnly bit set represent situations in which the device is acting as a Host. In this case, the opcode and parameter
bytes that would normally be included in the SHA calculation are replaced with bytes from the input stream.
Table 8-17. Input Parameters
Name
Opcode
GENDIG
Size
1
Notes
0x15
If 0x00 (Config): Use SlotID to specify either the first (SlotID=0) or second
(SlotID = 1) 256-bit block of the configuration zone.
Param1
Zone
1
If 0x01 (OTP): Use SlotID to specify either the first or second 256-bit block of
the OTP zone.
If 0x02 (Data): SlotID specifies a slot in the data zone or a transport key in the
hardware array.
All other values are reserved and must not be used.
Param2
SlotID
Data
OtherData
2
4 or 0
Identification number of the key to be used, or selection of which OTP block.
Four bytes of data for SHA calculation when using a CheckOnly key; otherwise
ignored.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
49
Table 8-18. Output Parameter
Name
Success
Size
1
Notes
Upon successful execution, the ATSHA204 returns a value of zero.
If zone is Data and SlotConfig[SlotID].CheckOnly is one, the SHA-256 message body used to create the resulting new
TempKey consists of the following bytes:
32 bytes
Data.slot[SlotID]
4 bytes
OtherData
1 byte
SN[8]
2 bytes
SN[0:1]
25 bytes
Zeros
32 bytes
TempKey.value
In all other cases, the message use to create TempKey is as follows:
50
32 bytes
Config[SlotID] or OTP[SlotID] or Data.slot[SlotID] or TransportKey[SlotID]
1 byte
Opcode
1 byte
Param1
2 bytes
Param2
1 byte
SN[8]
2 bytes
SN[0:1]
25 bytes
Zeros
32 bytes
TempKey.value
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
8.6.9
HMAC Command
Computes a HMAC/SHA-256 digest of a key stored in the device, a challenge, and other information on the device. The
output of this command is the output of the HMAC algorithm computed over this key and message. If the message
includes the serial number of the device, the response is said to be diversified.
The normal command flow to use this command is as follows:
1.
Run Nonce command to load input challenge and optionally combine it with a generated random number. The
result of this operation is a nonce stored internally on the device.
2.
Optionally run GenDig command to combine one or more stored EEPROM locations in the device with the nonce.
The result is stored internally in the device.
3.
Run this HMAC command to combine the output of steps one (and step two if desired) with an EEPROM key to
generate an output response.
Step 2. addresses multiple use models. If the data in the EEPROM is a key, GenDig has the effect of authenticating the
challenge with multiple secret keys. Alternatively, if the contents of the slot are data (which does not have to necessarily
even be secret), GenDig has the effect of authenticating the value stored in that location.
Table 8-19. Input parameters
Name
Size
Notes
Opcode
HMAC
1
0x11
Param1
Mode
1
Controls which fields within the device are used in the message.
Param2
SlotID
2
Data
—
0
Which key is to be used to generate the response.
Bits 0:3 only are used to select a slot but all 16 bits are used in the HMAC message.
—
Table 8-20. Output parameter
Name
Response
Size
32
Notes
HMAC digest
The HMAC digest is computed using the key at SlotID as the HMAC key over a message consisting of the following
information:
32 bytes
Zeros
32 bytes
TempKey
1 byte
Opcode (always 0x11)
1 byte
Mode
2 bytes
SlotID
8 bytes
OTP[0:7] or zeros (see Table 8-21)
3 bytes
OTP[8:10] or zeros (see Table 8-21)
1 byte
SN[8]
4 bytes
SN[4:7] or zeros (see Table 8-21)
2 bytes
SN[0:1]
2 bytes
SN[2:3] or zeros (see Table 8-21)
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
51
See the NIST HMAC specification for a complete description of how the various digests are calculated using SHA-256,
the HMAC key, and appropriate padding. See http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips198/fips-198a.pdf. The padding is
part of the SHA-256 message (see Section 14.1, “SHA-256”). HMAC is a construct that sits on top of SHA-256.
Table 8-21. Mode Encoding
Bits
Meaning
7
Must be zero.
6
If set, include the 48 bits SN[2:3] and SN[4:7] in the message.; otherwise, the corresponding message bits are set
to zero.
5
Include the first 64 OTP bits (OTP[0] through OTP[7]) in the message.; otherwise, the corresponding message
bits are set to zero.
If Mode[4] is set, the value of this mode bit is ignored.
4
Include the first 88 OTP bits (OTP[0] through OTP[10]) in the message.; otherwise, the corresponding message
bits are set to zero.
3
Must be zero.
2
The value of this bit must match the value in TempKey.SourceFlag or the command will return an error.
0–1
52
Must be zero.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
8.6.10 Lock Command
Write either LockConfig or LockData to 0x00, thereby changing the permissions in the designated zone.
This command fails if the designated zone is already locked.
Prior to locking the device, the ATSHA204 uses the CRC-16 algorithm to generate a summary digest of the designated
zone(s). The calculation is made identically to the CRC computed over the input and output blocks.

For the Configuration zone, the CRC is calculated over all 88 bytes.

For the Data and OTP zones, their contents are concatenated in that order to create the input to the CRC
algorithm.
If the input summary does not match that computed on the device, an error is returned and the personalization process
should be repeated.
Table 8-22. Input Parameters
Opcode
Name
Size
Notes
LOCK
1
0x17
Bit 0: Zero for Configuration zone, one for Data and OTP zones.
Bits 1-6: Must be zero.
Param1
Zone
1
Param2
Summary
2
Summary of the designated zones, or should be 0x0000 if Zone[7] is set.
Data
—
0
—
Bit 7: If one, the check of the zone CRC is ignored and the zone is locked, regardless
of the state of the memory. Atmel does not recommend using this mode.
Table 8-23. Output Parameter
Name
Success
Size
1
Notes
Upon successful execution, the ATSHA204 returns a value of zero.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
53
8.6.11 MAC Command
Computes a SHA-256 digest of a key stored in the device, a challenge, and other information on the device. The output
of this command is the digest of this message. If the message includes the serial number of the device, the response is
said to be diversified.
The normal command flow to use this command is as follows:
1.
Run Nonce command to load input challenge and optionally combine it with a generated random number. The
result of this operation is a nonce stored internally on the device within tempkey.
2.
Optionally run GenDig command to combine one or more stored EEPROM locations in the device with the nonce.
The result is stored internally in the device within tempkey. This capability permits two or more keys to be used as
part of the response generation.
3.
Run this MAC command to combine the output of Step 1. (and Step 2. if desired) with an EEPROM key to
generate an output response (or digest).
Table 8-24. Input Parameters
Name
Size
Notes
Opcode
MAC
1
0x08
Param1
Mode
1
Controls which fields within the device are used in the message.
Which internal key is to be used to generate the response.
Param2
SlotID
Data
Challenge
2
0 or 32
Bits 0:3 only are used to select a slot but all 16 bits are used in the SHA-256
message.
Input portion of message to be digested, ignored if Mode:0 is one.
Table 8-25. Output Parameter
Name
Size
Response
32
Notes
SHA-256 digest.
The message that will be hashed with the SHA-256 algorithm consists of the following information:
32 byteskey[SlotID] or TempKey (See Table 8-26)
32 bytesChallenge or TempKey (See Table 8-26)
1 byte
Opcode (always 0x08)
1 byte
Mode
2 bytes Param2
8 bytes OTP[0:7] or zeros (see Table 8-26)
3 bytes OTP[8:10] or zeros (see Table 8-26)
1 byte
SN[8]
4 bytes SN[4:7] or zeros (see Table 8-26)
2 bytes SN[0:1]
2 bytes SN[2:3] or zeros (see Table 8-26)
54
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Table 8-26. Mode Encoding
Bits
Meaning
7
Must be zero.
6
If set, include the 48 bits SN[2:3] and SN[4:7] in the message.: otherwise, the corresponding message bits are set to
zero.
5
Include the first 64 OTP bits (OTP[0] through OTP[7]) in the message; otherwise, the corresponding message bits
are set to zero.
If Mode[4] is set, the value of this mode bit is ignored.
4
Include the first 88 OTP bits (OTP[0] through OTP[10]) in the message; otherwise, the corresponding message bits
are set to zero.
3
Must be zero.
2
If either Mode:0 or Mode:1 are set, Mode:2 must match the value in TempKey.SourceFlag or the command will return
an error.
1
0
If zero, the first 32 bytes of the SHA message are loaded from one of the data slots.
If one, the first 32 bytes are filled with TempKey.
If zero, the second 32 bytes of the SHA message are taken from the input Challenge parameter.
If one, the second 32 bytes are filled with the value in TempKey. This mode is recommended for all use.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
55
8.6.12 Nonce Command
This command generates a nonce for use by a subsequent GenDig, MAC, HMAC, Read, or Write command by
combining an internally generated random number with an input value from the system. The resulting Nonce is stored
internally in TempKey and the generated random number is returned to the system.
The input value is designed to prevent replay attacks against the Host — it must be externally generated by the system
and passed into the device using this command. It may be any value that changes consistently, such as a nonvolatile
counter, current real time of day, and so on, or it can be an externally generated random number.
To provide a Nonce value for subsequent crypto commands, the input number and output random number are hashed
together per the information listed below. The resulting digest (nonce) is always stored in the TempKey register,
TempKey.Valid is set, and TempKey.SourceFlag is set to “Rand.” The Nonce can be used by a subsequent GenDig,
Read, Write, HMAC, or MAC command — thus, the system must externally compute this digest value and store it
externally to complete the execution of those commands.
Alternatively, this command can also be run in a pass-through mode if a fixed nonce is required for subsequent
commands. In this case, the input value must be 32 bytes long, and it is passed directly to TempKey without modification.
No SHA-256 calculation is performed, and TempKey.SourceFlag is set to “Input.” The nonce value in TempKey may not
be used with Read or Write commands. If operated in this mode and with a repeated input number value, the device
provides no protection against replay attacks.
Prior to the configuration section being locked, the random number generator produces a value of 0xFF FF 00 00 FF FF
00 00 to facilitate testing. This test value is combined with the input value in the manner described above.
Table 8-27. Input Parameters
Name
Size
Opcode
Nonce
1
0x16
Param1
Mode
1
Controls the mechanism of the internal random number generator and seed update.
Param2
Zero
2
Must be 0x0000.
Data
NumIn
20,32
Notes
Input value from system.
Table 8-28. Output Parameter
Name
RandOut
Size
1 or 32
Notes
The output of the random number generator or a single byte with a value of zero if Mode[0:1]
is three.
If Mode[0:1] is zero or one, the input NumIn parameter must be 20 bytes long, and the SHA-256 message body used to
create the nonce stored internally in TempKey consists of the following:
56
32 bytes
RandOut
20 bytes
NumIn from input stream
1 byte
Opcode (always 0x16)
1 byte
Mode
1 byte
LSB of Param2 (should always be 0x00)
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Upon completion of the command, TempKey.SourceFlag is set to “Rand.”
If Mode[0:1] is three, this command operates in pass-through mode, the input parameter (NumIn) must be 32 bytes long,
and TempKey is loaded with NumIn. No SHA-256 calculation is performed, no data is returned to the system, and
TempKey.SourceFlag is set to “Input.”
If Mode[0:1] is one, the automatic seed update is suppressed. See Section 3.2, “Random Number Generator (RNG)” for
more details.
Table 8-29. Mode Encoding
Bits
Meaning
2–7
Must be zero.
0–1
0:
Combine new random number with NumIn, store in TempKey. Automatically update EEPROM seed only if
necessary prior to random number generation. Recommended for highest security.
1:
Combine new random number with NumIn, store in TempKey. Generate random number using existing
EEPROM seed, do not update EEPROM seed.
2:
Invalid
3:
Operate in pass-through mode and write TempKey with NumIn.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
57
8.6.13 Pause Command
All devices on the bus for which the configuration Selector byte does not match the input selector parameter will go into
the idle state. This command is used to prevent bus conflicts in a system that includes multiple ATSHA204 devices
sharing the same bus.
This command differs from the idle flag/sequence in that individual devices on the single pin bus may be selected to go
into the idle state, as opposed to the idle flag which causes all the CryptoAuthentication devices on the bus into the idle
state.
If the EEPROM Selector byte does not match the input selector parameter, the device will immediately go to the idle state
and no result information will be available. If the input selector parameter does match the configuration selector byte, the
device returns a success code of 0x00.
The pause command cannot be used to put the devices into the sleep state.
Table 8-30. Input Parameters
Name
Size
Notes
Opcode
PAUSE
1
0x01
Param1
Selector
1
All devices that do not match this value go to idle state.
Param2
Zero
2
Must be 0x0000
Data
—
0
—
Table 8-31. Output Parameter
Name
Success
Size
1
Notes
If the command indicates that some other device should idle, the ATSHA204 returns a value
of 0x00.
If this device goes to idle, no value is returned.
58
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
8.6.14 Random Command
This command generates a random number for use by the system.
Random numbers are generated through a combination of the output of a hardware random number generator and an
internal seed value stored in the EEPROM or SRAM. The external system may choose to update the internally stored
EEPROM seed value prior to the generation of the random number as part of the execution of the nonce or random
command, though the endurance limitations of the EEPROM limit the number of times that this update can be performed.
After the endurance limit has been reached, attempts to update the EEPROM seed return an error.
The random command does not provide a mechanism to integrate an input number with the internal stored seed. If this
functionality is desired, the system should use the Nonce command and ignore the generated nonce.
Prior to the configuration section being locked, the random number generator produces a value of 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00,
0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00 to facilitate testing.
Note:
The same internally stored seeds are used for both the Nonce and Random commands. Use of Mode=0 ensures
that the EEPROM is updated, if necessary.
Table 8-32. Input Parameters
Name
Size
Notes
Opcode
RANDOM
1
0x1B
Param1
Mode
1
Controls the mechanism of the internal random number generator and seed update.
Param2
Zero
2
Must be 0x0000
Data
—
0
—
Table 8-33. Output Parameter
Name
Size
RandOut
32
Notes
The output of the random number generator.
Table 8-34. Mode Encoding
Bits
Meaning
1–7
Must be zero.
0:
Automatically update EEPROM seed only if necessary prior to random number generation
Recommended for highest security.
1:
Generate random number using existing EEPROM seed; do not update EEPROM seed.
0
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
59
8.6.15 Read Command
Reads words (one 4-byte word or an 8-word block of 32 bytes) from one of the memory zones of the device. The data
may optionally be encrypted before being returned to the system. See Section , “” and Section , “” for Data zone byte and
word addressing information.
If reading from a slot in which SlotConfig.EncryptRead is set, the GenDig command must have been run prior to the
execution of this command to generate the key that will be used for encryption. The input nonce to GenDig must have
been a random number, and the key specified in SlotConfig.ReadKey must have been used in the GenDig calculation.
The device encrypts data to be read by XORing each byte read from the EEPROM with the corresponding byte from
TempKey. Encrypted reads of the Configuration and/or OTP zones are not permitted.
The byte addresses to be read should be divided by four (drop the least-significant two bits) before being passed to the
device. If 32 bytes are being read, the least-significant three bits of the input address are ignored. Addresses beyond the
end of the specified zone result in an error.
The following restrictions apply to the three zones:

Data
If the Data zone is unlocked, this command returns an error; otherwise, the values within the corresponding
SlotConfig word control access to the data slot. If SlotConfig.IsSecret is set and a four byte read is attempted, the
device returns an error. If EncryptRead is set, this command encrypts the data as specified above. If IsSecret is set
and EncryptRead is clear, this command returns an error. If IsSecret is clear and EncryptRead is clear, this
command returns the desired slot in the clear.

Config
The words within this zone are always readable using this command, regardless of the value of LockConfig. See
Section 2.1.1, “Data Zone”, as some bytes are unreadable under any circumstances, and any attempt to read
these bytes result in an error.

OTP
If the OTP zone is unlocked, this command returns an error. Once locked, if OTPmode is set to a non-zero value
and the address points to either word zero or one, then the command also returns an error; otherwise, the
corresponding word within the OTP zone is returned in the clear. If OTPmode is Legacy, then only four byte reads
are permitted.
Table 8-35. Input Parameters
Opcode
Name
Size
READ
1
Notes
0x02
Bits 0 and 1: Select among config, OTP, or data. See Section 8.6.3, “Zone
Encoding”.
Param1
Zone
1
Bits 2-6: Must be zero.
Bit 7: If one, 32 bytes are read; otherwise four bytes are read. Must be zero if
reading from OTP zone.
60
Param2
Address
2
Address of first word to be read within the zone. See Section 8.6.4, “Address
Encoding”.
Data
—
0
—
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
Table 8-36. Output Parameter
Name
Contents
Size
4 or 32
Notes
The contents of the specified memory location.
8.6.15.1 Read operations depend on the state of IsSecret and EncryptRead according to the following table:
Table 8-37. Read Operation Permission
IsSecret
EncryptRead
Description
Clear text reads are always permitted from this slot.
0
0
Slots set to this state should never be used as key storage.
Either 4 or 32 bytes may be read at a time.
0
1
1
0
1
1
Prohibited. No security is guaranteed for slots using this code.
Reads are never permitted from this slot.
Slots set to this state can still be used for key storage.
Reads from this slot are encrypted using the encryption algorithm documented in the Read
command description (See Section 8.6.15, “Read Command”).
The encryption key is in the slot specified by ReadKey. 4-byte reads and writes are
prohibited.
If reading the Data zone and the EncryptRead bit is set in the corresponding SlotConfig word, the following actions are
taken to encrypt the data:
All of the TempKey register bits must be properly set as follows, or this command returns an error:
TempKey.Valid == 1
TempKey.GenData == 1
TempKey.SlotID == SlotConfig.ReadKey
TempKey.SourceFlag == “Rand”
XOR the data from the memory zone with TempKey. Return as “Contents.”
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
61
8.6.16 UpdateExtra Command
This command is used to update the values of the two “extra” bytes within the Configuration zone (location 84 and 85)
after the Configuration zone has been locked.
If the mode parameter indicates UserExtra at address 84:

If the current value in UserExtra (byte 84 of Configuration zone) is zero, then UpdateExtra writes this byte with the
LS byte of NewValue and returns success.

If the current value in UserExtra is non-zero, the command returns an execution error.
If the mode parameter indicates selector at address 85:

If SelectorMode (byte 19 of the Configuration zone) is non-zero and Selector (byte 85 of the Configuration zone) is
zero, this command will write Selector with the LS byte of NewValue and return success. Once written to a
non-zero value, it is then locked against further updating.

If SelectorMode has a value of zero, indicating that no check of the current Selector should be made, this
command always updates Selector and always succeeds.
Table 8-38. Input Parameters
Name
Opcode
Param1
Size
UPDATEEXTRA
Mode
Notes
1
0x20
1
Bit 0: If zero, update config byte 84.
If one, update config byte 85.
Bits1 – 7: Must be zero.
Param2
NewValue
2
Data
—
0
LSB: Value to optionally be written to location 84 or 85 in Configuration zone.
MSB: Must be 0x00.
—
Table 8-39. Output Parameter
Name
Success
62
Size
1
Notes
If the memory byte was updated, this command returns a value of 0x00; otherwise, it returns an
Execution error.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
8.6.17 Write Command
Writes either a one 4-byte word or an 8-word block of 32 bytes to one of the EEPROM zones on the device. Depending
on the value of the WriteConfig byte for this slot the data may be required to be encrypted by the system prior to being
sent to the device.
The following restrictions apply to writes within zones using this command:

Data
If the Data zone is unlocked, all bytes in all zones can be written with either plain text or encrypted data. After the
Data zone is locked, the values within the WriteConfig bytes control access to the data slots. If the WriteConfig bits
for this slot are set to “always”, the input data should be passed to the device in the clear. If Bit:14 of SlotConfig is
set to one, the input data should be encrypted and an input MAC calculated.

Configuration
If the Configuration zone is locked or Zone:6 is set, this command returns an error; otherwise the bytes are written
as requested. Any attempt to write any byte for which Writes are permanently prohibited (per Section 2.1.1, “Data
Zone”) results in a command error with no modifications to the EEPROM.

OTP
If the OTP zone is unlocked, all bytes can be written with this command. If the OTP zone is locked and the
OTPmode byte is read-only or legacy, then this command returns an error; otherwise, OTP mode should be
consumption and this command sets to zero those bits in the OTP zone that correspond to the zero bits in the
input parameter value. When the OTP zone is locked, encrypted writes to it are never permitted regardless of
OTPmode.
Four byte writes are only permitted in the Data and OTP zones if all four of the following conditions are met:

SlotConfig.IsSecret must be zero.

SlotConfig.WriteConfig must be “always.”

The input data must not encrypted.

The Data/OTP zones must be locked.
Four byte writes will return an error under all other circumstances.
The least significant three bits of Param2, Address[0:2], indicate the word within the block, or are ignored if an entire 32
byte block is being written. Address[3:6] contains the slot number for writes to the Data zone, or the block number for the
Configuration and OTP zones. Address values beyond the size of the specified zone result in the command returning an
error.
Any attempt to write the OTP and/or Data zones prior to the configuration section being locked results in the device
returning an error code.
8.6.17.1
Input Data Encryption
The input data may be encrypted to prevent snooping on the bus during personalization or system operation. The system
should encrypt the data by XORing the plain text with the current value in TempKey. Upon receipt the device will XOR
the input data with TempKey to restore the plain text prior to writing to the EEPROM.
Whenever the input data is encrypted an authorizing input MAC is always required when writing the Data zone. This
MAC is computed as:
SHA-256(TempKey, Opcode, Param1, Param2, SN[8], SN[0:1], <25 bytes of 0’s>, PlainTextData)
Prior to locking of the OTP/Data zones, Zone:6 is used to indicate to the device whether or not the input data is
encrypted. After locking of the OTP/Data zones, Zone:6 is ignored and only bit 14 of the slotConfig corresponding to the
slot being written is used to determine whether or not the input data is encrypted.
If data encryption is indicated, TempKey must be valid prior to this command being called, it must be the result of
GenDig. Specifically, this means that TempKey.Valid and TempKey.GenDig must both be set to one. Prior to data
locking, any key can be used to generate TempKey. After locking, the last slot used by GenDig for TempKey creation and
stored in TempKey.SlotID must match that in SlotConfig.WriteKey and the random number generator must have been
used to originally generate TempKey prior to GenDig.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
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63
Table 8-40. Input Parameters
Opcode
Name
Size
Notes
Write
1
0x12
Bits 0 and 1: Select among config, OTP or data. See Section 8.6.3, “Zone
Encoding”.
Param1
Zone
1
Bits 2-5: Must be zero.
Bit 6: If one, the input data must be encrypted. Must be zero if Data/OTP
zones are locked.
Bit 7: If one, 32 bytes will be written; otherwise, four bytes are written.
Param2
Address
2
Data_1
Value
4 or 32
Data_2
Mac
0 or 32
Address of first word to be written within the zone. See Section 8.6.4, “Address
Encoding”.
Information to be written to the zone; may be encrypted.
Message authentication code to validate address and data.
Ignored if zone is unlocked.
Table 8-41. Output Parameter
Name
Success
64
Size
1
Notes
Upon successful completion, the ATSHA204 returns a value of zero.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
9.
Compatibility
The ATSHA204 is designed to be upwards compatible with the AT88SA102S for field operation. Most systems designed
to use the AT88SA102S in Client devices will work perfectly with the ATSHA204 in the Client devices without any
modification to the Host system software or hardware.
Host systems that utilize the AT88SA10HS Host device will also interoperate properly with the ATSHA204 Client device
in place of a previously used AT88SA102S Client; however, the AT88SA10HS itself cannot be replaced with the
ATSHA204 without software modifications. With the appropriate software updates, the ATSHA204 can implement all the
functions of an AT8810HS Host device and continue to properly communicate with Client AT88SA102S devices.
For compatibility with the AT88SA102S, the following values should be written to the memory of the ATSHA204:
1.
During configuration, OTPmode should be set to Legacy to hide the values of the first 64 bits of the OTP section,
which contain a secret in the Atmel AT88SA102S.
2.
The same secret and status information that would have been written to the first 88 fuse bits of the Atmel
AT88SA102S should be written to the first 88 bits of the OTP section on the Atmel ATSHA204.
3.
OTP bits 88 through 95 should be written with the value stored in SN[8] within the Configuration zone of the
ATSHA204 device. The Read command on legacy systems will always use the values in the OTP zone while
ATSHA204 always uses the values in the Configuration zone during the computation of cryptographic results.
4.
OTP bits 96 through 127 should be written with copies of the values stored in SN[4:7] within the Configuration
zone of the ATSHA204 device.
5.
The key slot identified by the least significant four bits of the Atmel AT88SA102S SlotID assigned to a particular
customer should be loaded with the Atmel provided value for that key.
6.
The SlotConfig bits for the key slot identified in Step 5. should be set to: CheckOnly=0, SingleUse=0,
EncryptRead=0, IsSecret=1, WriteConfig=1000.
The following compatibility exceptions apply:

Those Atmel AT88SA102S systems using the BurnFuse command on the Client device cannot be replaced with
the Atmel ATSHA204, as the corresponding command is not available on the ATSHA204. The same capability is
implemented with the Write command, but system software modifications are necessary.

Those Atmel AT88SA102S systems in which the system software reads and depends on a fixed value for the
device revision number (RevNum at ROM address one) will find a different value in the ATSHA204.
Note: This value is not guaranteed to be identical for all Atmel AT88SA102S devices.

Systems including multiple Atmel AT88SA102S and/or Atmel AT88SA10HS devices on a shared single-wire bus
cannot be replaced with the ATSHA204, as the Pause command operates differently.

The key diversification strategy implemented by the ATSHA204 (when operating as a Host) is different from the
similar strategy used by the Atmel AT88SA10HS. The ATSHA204 can be used as a Host authentication device for
ATSHA204 Clients that include diversified keys, but those Clients will not work interchangeably with Atmel
AT88SA102S Clients.

Because of the difference in the nonvolatile memory technology and size, the secure personalization mechanism
is different on the ATSHA204 as compared to the Atmel AT88SA10HS and Atmel AT88SA102S. Users will need to
modify their manufacturing processes and procedures accordingly.

The ATSHA204 cannot replace a Client Atmel AT88SA100S device used for batteries and other self-powered
systems.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
65
10.
Mechanical
10.1
Pinout
The device is offered in multiple packages:

3-lead SOT23

8-lead SOIC

8-lead TSSOP

8-pad UDFN

3-lead Contact intended for mechanical, not soldered, connection.
The pinouts are as follows:
Table 10-1. Package Pinouts
66
Name
3-lead SOT23
8-lead SOIC, 8-lead TSSOP, 8-pad UDFN
3-lead Contact
SDA
1
5
1
SCL
—
6
—
VCC
2
8
3
GND
3
4
2
NC
—
1, 2, 3, 7
—
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
11.
Package Drawings
11.1
8-lead SOIC
C
1
E
E1
L
N
Ø
TOP VIEW
END VIEW
e
b
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
A
A1
D
SIDE VIEW
Notes: This drawing is for general information only.
Refer to JEDEC Drawing MS-012, Variation AA
for proper dimensions, tolerances, datums, etc.
SYMBOL MIN
A
1.35
NOM
MAX
–
1.75
A1
0.10
–
0.25
b
0.31
–
0.51
C
0.17
–
0.25
D
4.80
–
5.05
E1
3.81
–
3.99
E
5.79
–
6.20
e
NOTE
1.27 BSC
L
0.40
–
1.27
Ø
0°
–
8°
6/22/11
Package Drawing Contact:
[email protected]
TITLE
8S1, 8-lead (0.150” Wide Body), Plastic Gull Wing
Small Outline (JEDEC SOIC)
GPC
SWB
DRAWING NO.
REV.
8S1
G
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
67
11.2
8-lead TSSOP
C
1
Pin 1 indicator
this corner
E1
E
L1
H
N
L
Top View
End View
A
b
A1
e
A2
MIN
NOM
MAX
A
-
-
1.20
A1
0.05
-
0.15
SYMBOL
D
Side View
Notes:
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
1. This drawing is for general information only. Refer to JEDEC
Drawing MO-153, Variation AA, for proper dimensions,
tolerances, datums, etc.
2. Dimension D does not include mold Flash, protrusions or gate
burrs. Mold Flash, protrusions and gate burrs shall not exceed
0.15mm (0.006in) per side.
3. Dimension E1 does not include inter-lead Flash or protrusions.
Inter-lead Flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm
(0.010in) per side.
4. Dimension b does not include Dambar protrusion. Allowable
Dambar protrusion shall be 0.08mm total in excess of the b
dimension at maximum material condition. Dambar cannot be
located on the lower radius of the foot. Minimum space between
protrusion and adjacent lead is 0.07mm.
5. Dimension D and E1 to be determined at Datum Plane H.
NOTE
A2
0.80
1.00
1.05
D
2.90
3.00
3.10
2, 5
E
6.40 BSC
E1
4.30
4.40
4.50
3, 5
b
0.19
–
0.30
4
e
L
0.65 BSC
0.45
L1
C
0.60
0.75
1.00 REF
0.09
-
0.20
12/8/11
TITLE
Package Drawing Contact:
[email protected]
68
8X, 8-lead 4.4mm Body, Plastic Thin
Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP)
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
GPC
TNR
DRAWING NO.
8X
REV.
E
3-lead SOT23
3
GND
E1
CL
E
SDA
VCC
1
L1
11.3
2
e1
End View
Top View
b
A2
SEATING
PLANE
e
A
A1
D
Side View
Notes:
1. Dimension D does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.
Mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs shall not exceed 0.25mm per
end. Dimension E1 does not include interlead flash or protrusion.
Interlead flash or protrusion shall not exceed 0.25mm per side.
2. The package top may be smaller than the package bottom.
Dimensions D and E1 are determined at the outermost extremes of
the plastic body exclusive of mold flash, tie bar burrs, gate burrs and
interlead flash, but including any mismatch between the top and
bottom of the plastic body.
3. These dimensions apply to the flat section of the lead between 0.08
mm and 0.15mm from the lead tip.
This drawing is for general information only. Refer to JEDEC Drawing
TO-236, Variation AB for additional information.
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
SYMBOL
MIN
A
A1
A2
D
E
E1
L1
e1
b
0.89
0.01
0.88
2.80
2.10
1.20
MAX
NOM
2.90
1.30
0.54 REF
1.90 BSC
0.30
-
1.12
0.10
1.02
3.04
2.64
1.40
0.50
NOTE
1,2
1,2
3
12/11/09
Package Drawing Contact:
[email protected]
TITLE
3TS1, 3-lead, 1.30mm Body, Plastic Thin
Shrink Small Outline Package (Shrink SOT)
GPC
DRAWING NO.
REV.
TBG
3TS1
B
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
69
11.4
8-pad UDFN
E
1
8
Pin 1 ID
2
7
3
6
4
5
D
C
A2
A
A1
E2
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
b (8x)
8
1
7
2
Pin#1 ID
6
D2
3
5
4
e (6x)
K
L (8x)
SYMBOL
MIN
NOM
MAX
D
1.90
2.00
2.10
E
2.90
3.00
3.10
D2
1.40
1.50
1.60
E2
1.20
1.30
1.40
A
0.50
0.55
0.60
A1
0.0
0.02
0.05
A2
–
–
0.55
C
L
NOTE
0.152 REF
0.30
e
0.35
0.40
0.50 BSC
b
0.18
0.25
0.30
K
0.20
–
–
3
9/6/12
Package Drawing Contact:
[email protected]
70
TITLE
8MA2, 8-pad, 2 x 3 x 0.6 mm Body, Thermally
Enhanced Plastic Ultra Thin Dual Flat No
Lead Package (UDFN)
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
GPC
YNZ
DRAWING NO.
8MA2
REV.
C
11.5
3-lead Contact
D
Pin 1
f
Pin 1
h
E
j
b
e (3x)
L (3x)
A
g
BOTTOM VIEW
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
COMMON DIMENSIONS
(Unit of Measure = mm)
SYMBOL
MIN
NOM
MAX
D
2.40
2.50
2.60
E
6.40
6.50
6.60
A
0.45
0.50
0.55
e
1.60
1.70
1.80
b
1.90
2.00
2.10
L
2.10
2.20
2.30
f
0.30
0.40
0.50
g
0.05
0.15
0.25
h
2.30
j
2.40
2.50
4.30
4.40
NOTE
4.50
1/31/11
GPC
TITLE
Package Drawing Contact:
[email protected]
3RB, 3-lead 2.5x6.5mm Body, 2.0 mm pitch,
CONTACT PACKAGE. (Sawn)
RHB
DRAWING NO.
REV.
3RB
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
01
71
12.
Ordering Information
Atmel Ordering Code(1)
Package Type
Interface Configuration
ATSHA204-SH-CZ-T
8-lead SOIC, Tape and Reel
Single-Wire
ATSHA204-SH-DA-T
8-lead SOIC, Tape and Reel
I2C
ATSHA204-SH-DA-B
8-lead SOIC, Bulk in Tubes
I2C
ATSHA204-TH-CZ-T
8-lead TSSOP, Tape and Reel
Single-Wire
ATSHA204-TH-DA-T
8-lead TSSOP, Tape and Reel
I2C
ATSHA204-TSU-T(2)
3-lead SOT23, Tape and Reel
Single-Wire
ATSHA204-MAH-CZ-T(2)
8-pad UDFN, Tape and Reel
Single-Wire
ATSHA204-MAH-DA-T(2)
8-pad UDFN, Tape and Reel
I2C
ATSHA204-RBH-T(2)
3-lead Contact, Tape and Reel
Single-Wire
Notes: 1.
2.
72
The part number (Atmel ordering code) does NOT appear on the package. These packages are marked
only with a manufacturing lot number which will likely change from shipment to shipment. Do not use the
package marking for any incoming inspection process.
The SOT23, UDFN, and Contact Package Options are obsolete.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
13.
Errata
Issue:
I/O pin level limits
Workaround: The design should ensure that all I/O pin levels are within the datasheet limits of VSS-0.5V and
VCC+0.5V. The same power supply signal net should be used for both the I/O driver, the VCC pin
on the SHA204 and any pull-up resistor on the SDA pin.
Warning:
Issue:
Failure to adhere to these requirements may result in increased susceptibility to latchup.
The DeriveKey command only allows a maximum of 120 uses of key 15 when used as a
limited-use parent instead of the expected 128 uses.
Workaround: As usual, LastKeyUse should still be initialized with least significant bits containing ones and most
significant bits containing zeros; however, key usage will be prohibited when there are eight ‘1’ bits
remaining in the counter.
Issue:
Under certain circumstances for part numbers that support the I2C interface, the Idle
command using the Idle word address (0x20) will not put the device into the idle state.
When this occurs, the watchdog timer will not be reset but continue to count and the device
will not consume reduced power. This errata does not apply to those parts using the
Single-Wire Interface. There are three recommended workarounds:
Workaround: Do not use the I2C Idle command. This requires that all commands using a particular TempKey
value be executed within 0.7 seconds of a wake from sleep.
Workaround: Send the I2C Idle command at a minimum frequency of 800kHz. The system must also ensure
that the SDA pin is high for at least 100μs between the falling edge of the ACK bit of the device
address and the rising edge of the first bit of the Idle word address.
Workaround: Resend the I2C Idle command every 0.5 seconds whenever the value of TempKey must be
preserved. The TWI Idle command resets the watchdog timer even when the part does not enter
the idle state. It is not necessary to send a Wake token.
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
73
14.
Reference and Application Notes
The ATSHA204 implements a challenge-response protocol using either SHA-256 or HMAC/SHA-256, details are below.
The response is always a 256-bit digest.
The Nonce command (see Section 8.6.12, “Nonce Command”) accepts an input challenge from the system and
optionally combines it with an internally generated random number to generate a nonce (number used once) for the
calculation. This seed is then combined with a secret key as part of the authentication calculation for any of the crypto
commands (MAC, HMAC, Read, Write, or GenDig). The input challenge can also be passed directly to the MAC
command.
The device can guarantee the uniqueness of the Nonce only if the device has included the output of its random number
generator in the calculation, because the system input may or may not be unique. Every random Nonce is guaranteed to
be unique when compared to all previous nonces, ensuring that each transaction is unique over all time.
14.1
SHA-256
The ATSHA204 MAC command calculates the digest of a secret key concatenated with the challenge or nonce. It
optionally includes various other pieces of information stored on the device within the digested message.
The ATSHA204 computes the SHA-256 digest based on the algorithm documented here:
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips180-2/fips180-2.pdf
The complete SHA-256 message processed by the ATSHA204 is listed in Section 8.6.8, “GenDig Command” and
Section 8.6.12, “Nonce Command” for each of the particular commands (GenDig and Nonce) that use the algorithm.
Most standard software implementations of the algorithm automatically add the appropriate number of pad and length
bits to this message to match the operation the device performs internally.
The SHA-256 algorithm is also used for encryption by taking the output digest of the hash algorithm and XORing it with
the plain text data to produce the ciphertext. Decryption is the reverse — the ciphertext is XORed with the digest, and the
result is the plain text.
14.2
HMAC/SHA-256
The response to the challenge can also be computed using the HMAC algorithm based on SHA-256 documented here:
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips198/fips-198a.pdf
Because of the increased computation complexity, the HMAC command is not as flexible as the MAC command and the
computation time for HMAC is extended. While the HMAC sequence is not necessary to ensure the security of the digest,
it is included for compatibility with various software packages.
14.3
Key Values
All keys within the CryptoAuthentication family are 256 bits long. The ATSHA204 uses these keys as part of the
messages hashed with the MAC, CheckMac, HMAC, and GenDig commands. Any slot in the data zone of the EEPROM
can be used to store a key, though the value will be secret only if the read and write permissions are properly set within
SlotConfig (including the IsSecret bit).
Except for the GenDig command, all but the least-significant four bits of the SlotID parameter are ignored in determining
the source of key data. Only the least-significant four bits are used to select one of the slots of the Data zone. See
Section 14.3.7, “Transport Keys”, for information on how GenDig uses other SlotID values.
In all cases for which a SHA-256 calculation is performed using Param2, the entire 16-bit SlotID as input is included in
the message.
74
ATSHA204 [DATASHEET]
Atmel-8740H-CryptoAuth-ATSHA204-Datasheet_072014
14.3.1 Diversified Keys
If the Host or validating entity has a place to securely store secrets, the key values stored in the EEPROM slot(s) can be
diversified with the serial number embedded in the device (SN[0:8]). In this manner, every Client device can have a
unique key, which can provide extra protection against known plaintext attacks and permit compromised serial numbers
to be identified and blacklisted.
To implement this, a root secret is externally combined with the device serial number during personalization using some
cryptographic algorithm and the result written to the ATSHA204 key slot.
The ATSHA204 CheckMac command provides a mechanism of securely generating and comparing diversified keys,
eliminating this requirement from the Host system.
Consult the following application note for more details:
http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc8666.pdf
14.3.2 Rolled Keys
In order to prevent repeated use of the same key value, the ATSHA204 supports key rolling. Normally, after a certain
number of uses (perhaps as few as one), the current key value is replaced with the SHA-256 digest of its current value
combined with some offset, which may either be a constant, something related to the current system (for example, a
serial number or model number), or a random number.
This capability is implemented using the DeriveKey command. Prior to execution of the DeriveKey command, the Nonce
command must be run to load the offset into TempKey. Each time the roll operation is performed on slots 0 – 7, the
UpdateCount field for that slot is incremented.
One use for this capability is to permanently remove the original key from the device, replacing it with a key that is only
useful in a particular environment. After the key is rolled, there is no possible way to retrieve the old value, which
improves the security of the system.
Note:
Any power interruption during the execution of the DeriveKey command in Roll mode may cause either the key
or the UpdateCount to have an unknown value. If writing to a slot is enabled using bit number 14 of SlotConfig,
such keys can be written in encrypted and authenticated form using the Write command. Alternatively, multiple
copies of the key can be stored in multiple slots so that failure of a single slot does not incapacitate the system.
14.3.3 Created Keys
In order to support unique ephemeral keys for every Client, the ATSHA204 also supports key creation. In this
mechanism, a “parent” key (specified by slotConfig.writeKey) is combined with a fixed or random nonce to create a
unique key, which is then used for any cryptographic purpose.
The ability to create unique keys is especially useful if the parent key has usage restrictions (see Section 14.3.4, “Singleuse Keys” and Section 14.3.5, “Limited-use Key” in the following sections). In this mode, the limited use parent key can
be employed to create an unlimited use child key. Because the child key is useful only for this particular Host-Client pair,
attacks on its value are less valuable.
This capability is also implemented using the DeriveKey command. Prior to execution of the DeriveKey command, the
Nonce command must be run to load the Nonce value into TempKey. Each time the create operation is performed on
slots 0 – 7; the UpdateCount field for that slot is incremented.
14.3.4 Single-use Keys
For the SlotID values corresponding to slots 0 – 7 in the data section of the EEPROM, repeated usage of the key stored
in the slot can be strictly limited. This feature is enabled if the SingleUse bit is set in the SlotConfig field. The SingleUse
bit is ignored for slots 8 – 14. The number of remaining uses is stored as a bit map in the UseFlag byte corresponding to
the slot in question.
Prior to execution of any cryptographic command that uses this slot as a key, the following takes place:

If SlotConfig[SlotID].SingleUse is set and UseFlag[SlotID] is 0x00, the device returns an error.

Starting at bit seven of UseFlag[SlotID], clear to zero the first bit that is currently a one.
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In practice, this procedure permits SingleUse keys to be used eight times between “refreshes” using the DeriveKey
command. If power is lost during the execution of any command referencing a key that has this feature enabled, one of
the use bits in UseFlag may still be cleared even though the command did not complete. For this reason, Atmel
recommends that the key be used a single time only, with the other bits providing a safety margin for errors.
Under normal circumstances, all eight UseFlag bytes should be initialized to 0xFF. If it is the intention to permit fewer
than eight uses of a particular key, these bytes should be initialized to 0x7F (seven uses), 0x3F (six uses), 0x1F (five
uses), 0x0F (four uses), 0x07 (three uses), 0x03 (two uses), or 0x01 (one use). Initialization to any other value besides
these values or 0xFF is prohibited.
The Read, Write, and DeriveKey commands operate slightly differently:

Read and Write
These commands ignore the state of the SingleUse bit and the UseFlag byte does not change as a result of their
execution. SingleUse slots in which the UseFlag is exhausted (value of 0x00) can still be read or written (subject to
the appropriate SlotConfig limitations) although the value in the slot cannot ever be used as a key for cryptographic
commands.
If SlotConfig.WriteKey for slot X points back to X, but UseFlag[X] is exhausted, encrypted writes to the slot will
never succeed because the prior GenDig command will have returned an error due to the usage limitation. A
similar situation occurs with reads and ReadKey. Slots used as keys should never have IsSecret set to zero or
WriteConfig set to always.

DeriveKey
If the parent key is used for either authentication or as the source, then if SingleUse (for the parent) is set and
UseFlag (also for the parent) is 0x00, the DeriveKey command returns an error. The SingleUse and UseFlag bits
are ignored for the target key. When successfully executed, DeriveKey always resets the UseFlag to 0xFF for the
target key — this is the only mechanism to reset the UseFlag bits.
Use of the DeriveKey command is optional. It is legal to be run only if WriteConfig: 13 is set for this slot. In some
situations, it may be advantageous to simply have a key that can be used eight times, in which case the other
crypto commands will clear the bits in UseFlag one at a time until all are cleared, and at which time the key is
disabled.
14.3.5 Limited-use Key
If Slot[15].SingleUse is set, usage of key number 15 is limited through a different mechanism than the single-use
limitation described above, which applies only to slots 0 – 7.
Prior to any use of key 15 by a cryptographic command, the following takes place:

If all bytes in LastKeyUse are 0x00, return error.

Starting at bit 7 of the first byte of LastKeyUse (byte 68 in config zone), clear to zero the first bit that is currently an
one. If byte 68 is 0x00, check bit seven of byte 69, and so on up through byte 83. Only a single bit is cleared each
time prior to using key 15.
There is no reset mechanism for this limitation — after 128 uses (or the number of one bits set in LastKeyUse on
personalization), key 15 is permanently disabled. This capability is not susceptible to power interruptions. Even if the
power is interrupted during execution of the command, only a single bit in LastKeyUse will be unknown; all other bits in
LastKeyUse will be unchanged and the key will remain unchanged.
If fewer than 128 uses are desired for key 15, then some of the bytes within this array should not be initialized to 0xFF. As
with UseFlag, the only legal values for bytes within this field (besides 0xFF) are 0x7F, 0x3F, 0x1F, 0x0F, 0x07, 0x03,
0x01, or 0x00. The total number of bits set to one indicates the number of uses.
Example:
How to set 16 uses is as follows:
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00.
The SingleUse bit is ignored by the Read and Write commands, and lastKeyUse does not change as a result of their
execution. The SingleUse bit is ignored by the copy function of the CheckMac command. The SingleUse bit is honored
for the parent key in the DeriveKey command, but is ignored for the target key.
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14.3.6 Password Checking
Many applications require a user to enter a password to enable features, decrypt stored data, or some other purpose.
Typically, the expected password has to be stored somewhere in memory and is, therefore, subject to discovery. The
ATSHA204 can securely store the expected password and perform a number of useful operations on it. The password is
never passed in the clear to the device, nor can it be read from the device. It is hashed with a random number in the
system software before being passed to the device.
The copy capability of the CheckMac command enables the following types of password checking options:
1.
CheckMac does an internal comparison with the expected password and returns a Boolean to the system to
indicate whether the password was correctly entered or not.
2.
If the device determines that the correct password has been entered, then the value of the password can optionally
be combined with a stored or ephemeral value to create a key that can be used by the system for data protection
purposes.
3.
If the device determines that the correct password has been entered, the device can use this fact to optionally
release a secondary, high entropy secret, which can be used for data protection without risk of any exhaustive
dictionary attack.
4.
If the password has been lost, an entity with knowledge of a parent key value can optionally write a new password
into the slot. Also optionally, the current value can be encrypted with a parent key and read from the device.
Passwords should be stored in even-numbered slots. If the password is to be mapped to a secondary value (use #3.
above), then the target slot containing this value is located in the next higher slot number (the password slot number plus
one); otherwise, the target slot is the same as the password slot.
ReadKey for the target slot must be set to zero to enable this capability. In order to prevent fraudulent or unintended
usage of this capability, do not set ReadKey for any slot to zero unless this CheckMac/copy capability is specifically
required. In particular, do not assume that other bits in the configuration word for a particular slot override the
enablement of this capability specified by ReadKey = 0.
This capability is enabled only if the mode parameter to CheckMac has a value of 0x01, indicating:
a.
The first 32 bytes of the SHA-256 message are stored in a data slot in the EEPROM (the password).
b.
The second 32 bytes of the SHA-256 message must be a randomly generated nonce in the TempKey register.
If the above conditions are met and the input response matches the internally generated digest, then the contents of the
target key are copied to TempKey. The other TempKey register bits are set as follows:

SourceFlag is set to one (not random).

GenData is set to zero (not generate by the GenData command).

CheckFlag is set to zero (TempKey is not restricted to the CheckMac command).

Valid is set to one.
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14.3.7 Transport Keys
The ATSHA204 device includes an internal hardware array of keys (transport keys) that are intended for secure
personalization prior to locking of the data section. The values of the hardware keys are kept secret, and are made
available to qualified customers upon request to Atmel. These keys can be used with the GenDig command only, and are
indicated by a SlotID value  0x8000.
This is the intended personalization command flow:
1.
Write intended values to the Configuration zone, and then lock the Configuration zone.
2.
Write non-secret slots and OTP zone, data should be passed to the device in the clear.
3.
Generate a random personalization key in any one of the secret slots with the following sequence:
4.
5.
a.
Nonce command to generate a random nonce in TempKey.
b.
GenDig specifying a transport key  0x8000.
c.
GenDig using the compliance (default) value stored in the slot to be used for personalization.
d.
Encrypted Write to that same slot (overwrites the compliance value).
Use that personalization key to write all the secret slots, ending with the final value of the personalization key slot
itself, using the following sequence repeated as necessary:
a.
Nonce command to generate a random nonce in TempKey.
b.
GenDig specifying the personalization key.
c.
Encrypted write to the target slot.
Lock the Data zone.
For GenDig and all other commands, SlotID values less than 0x8000 always reference keys that are stored in the Data
zone of the EEPROM. In these cases, only the four least-significant bits of SlotID are used to determine the slot number,
while the entire 16-bit SlotID as input is used in any SHA-256 message calculation.
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15.
Revision History
Doc. Rev.
Date
8740H
07/2014
Comments
Clarify Section, “Reference and Application Notes.”
UDFN, SOT, and RBH package options are obsolete.
Upgate Configuration zone 0x04, Byte 1 to “Must be 0”.
Add Sleep Token.
8740G
01/2014
Update UDFN pinout drawing and figure, AC Timing Diagram — SWI.
Update tTURNAROUND from CryptoAuthentication min/typ/max from 28μs/60μs/95μs to
64μs/80μs/131μs and to CryptoAuthentication min from 15μs to 93μs.
Decrease AC measurement RL condition from 2.0K to 1.2K.
Correct Lock command value from 0xFF to 0X00.
Add CRC to Count parameter in the Command Packets table.
8740F
05/2013
Combine Read and Write commands’s Zone Encoding sections and Address Encoding
sections.
Add OtherData in the CheckMac Command section.
Revised Compatibilty section.
Update disclaimer page.
Correct byte 15 default Word 0x03 from 55 to 00.
Reorder and reword datasheet.
8740E
02/2013
Change “Cryptographic Information” section title to “Reference and Application Notes”.
Add additional errata information.
Update footers and disclaimer page.
8740D
03/2012
Added RBH – 3-lead contact package.
Section Command Opcodes, Short Descriptions, and Execution Times.
– Change Update Extra command for Typ from 4 to 8 and Max from 6 to 12.
8740C
07/2011
Change Mode:6 to Zone:6.
Edit/update Write Command section.
Update template.
8740B
04/2011
Document update.
8740A
03/2011
Initial document release.
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