DCM™ in a VIA Package DC-DC Converter DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz S ® C US C NRTL US Isolated, Regulated DC Converter Features & Benefits Product Ratings • Isolated, regulated DC-to-DC converter • Up to 500 W, 17.86 A continuous • 93.7% peak efficiency • 258 W/in3 Power density VIN = 160 V to 420 V POUT = 500 W VOUT = 28.0 V (16.8 V to 30.8 V Trim) IOUT = 17.86 A Product Description • Wide input range 160 – 420 Vdc • Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) 28.0 V Nominal Output • ZVS high frequency switching • Allows remote sense or local sense operation • Tight regulation over all line and load conditions • Fully operational current limit • OV, OC, UV, short circuit and thermal protection • Available in chassis mount and through hole VIA package n 3.750” x 1.400” x 0.370” (95.13 mm x 35.5 mm x 9.30 mm) The DCM in a VIA package is an Isolated, Regulated DC-to-DC Converter, operating from an unregulated, wide range input to generate an isolated 28.0 Vdc output. With its high frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS) topology, the DCM converter consistently delivers high efficiency across the input line range. The DCM provides tight output voltage regulation and offers a secondary-referenced control interface for trim, enable, and remote sense operation. DCM converters and downstream DC-DC products support efficient power distribution, providing superior power system performance and connectivity from a variety of unregulated power sources to the point-of-load. The VIA package offers flexible thermal management options with very low top and bottom side thermal impedances. Typical Applications • • • • Industrial Process control Automotive Heavy Equipment Size: 3.750 x 1.400 x 0.370 in 95.13 x 35.5 x 9.30 mm Part Ordering Information [1] Product Function Package Length Package Width Package Type Max Input Voltage Range Ratio Max Output Voltage Max Output Power Product Grade (Case Temperature) DCM 37 14 x D2 K 31 E0 y DCM = DC-DC Converter Length in Inches x 10 Width in Inches x 10 B = Board VIA V = Chassis VIA Internal Reference High Temperature Power Derating may apply, see Thermal Specified Operating Area, Figure 1 on Page 4. DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 1 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 C = -20 to 100°C[1] T = -40 to 100°C[1] Option Field z z 01 = Chassis/Analog 05 = Short Pin/Analog 09 = Long Pin/Analog DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Typical Application Load 1 F1 +OUT +IN VIN DCM™ in a VIA package C VDDE EN TR –SENSE CLOAD +SENSE -IN Non-isolated Point-of-Load Regulator Load 2 -OUT Typical Application: Single DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz in Local Sense Operation, to a non-isolated regulator, and direct to load DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 2 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Pin Configuration TOP VIEW +IN 1 –IN 2 3 +OUT 5 6 7 8 9 VDDE EN TR –SENSE +SENSE 4 –OUT 4 –OUT 9 8 7 6 5 +SENSE –SENSE TR EN VDDE 3 +OUT DCM in a VIA package - Chassis Mount TOP VIEW –IN 2 +IN 1 DCM in a VIA package - PCB Mount Note: The dot on the VIA housing indicates the location of the control pin 9 (+SENSE pin). Pin Descriptions Pin Number Signal Name Type 1 +IN INPUT POWER Positive input power terminal 2 –IN INPUT POWER RETURN Negative input power terminal 3 +OUT OUTPUT POWER Positive output power terminal 4 –OUT OUTPUT POWER RETURN Negative output power terminal 5 VDDE POWER INPUT 6 EN CONTROL INPUT Enables and disables DCM. Needs VDDE preapplied 7 TR CONTROL INPUT Enables and disables trim functionality. Adjusts output voltage when trim active. 8 –SENSE CONTROL INPUT Negative sense pin, required for Remote Sense Operation. In Local Sense Operation, it can be tied directly to –OUT to achieve better regulation accuracy. 9 +SENSE CONTROL INPUT Positive sense pin, required for Remote Sense Operation. In Local Sense Operation, it can be tied directly to +OUT to achieve better regulation accuracy. Function External power supply for internal controller Note: All control inputs (EN, TR, –SENSE, +SENSE) are referenced to the secondary of the DCM and isolated from the primary. DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 3 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Absolute Maximum Ratings The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions. Parameter Comments Input Voltage (+IN to –IN) Min Max Unit -0.5 460 V 1 V/µs Input Voltage Slew Rate TR to –OUT -0.3 3.5 V EN to –OUT -0.3 3.5 V VDDE to –OUT 0 12 V –SENSE to –OUT 0 2.225 V +OUT to +SENSE 0 2.225 V +SENSE to –OUT 0 36.4 V -0.5 36.5 V Output Voltage (+Out to –Out) Dielectric withstand (input to output) Internal Operating Temperature Storage Temperature [2] See comment below 4242 Vdc C Grade -20 125 °C T Grade -40 125 °C M Grade -55 125 °C C Grade -20 125 °C T Grade -40 125 °C M Grade -65 125 °C 17.9 A Average Output Current [2] The absolute maximum rating listed above for Dielectric withstand (input to output) refers to the internal safety approved isolating component (VI ChiP) that provides the reinforced insulation from input to output. The VIA package itself can only be tested at a basic insulation value (2121 V). See Dielectric Withstand Test section on page 15 and Dielectric Withstand section on page 18 for more details. Figure 1 — Thermal Specified Operating Area: Max Output Power Figure 2 — Electrical Specified Operating Area vs. Case Temp, Single unit at minimum full load efficiency DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 4 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Electrical Specifications Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit 160 270 420 V 6.0 A Power Input Specification Input voltage range VIN Continuous operation Inrush current (peak) IINRP With maximum COUT-EXT, full resistive load Input capacitance (internal) CIN-INT Effective value at nominal input voltage 0.8 Input capacitance (internal) ESR RCIN-INT At 1 MHz 2.50 Input inductance (external) LIN Differential mode, with no further line bypassing µF mΩ 5 µH 3.0 W 3.5 W 5.2 W 5.5 W No Load Specification Nominal line, see Fig. 3 Input power – disabled PQ 1.0 Worst case line, see Fig. 3 Nominal line, see Fig. 4 Input power – enabled with no load PNL 3.0 Worst case line, see Fig. 4 Power Output Specification Output voltage set point Rated output voltage trim range VOUT accuracy VOUT-NOM VOUT-TRIMMING %VOUTACCURACY VOUT accuracy with Sense Pins floating VOUT accuracy with trim active %VOUTACCURACY-SF %VOUTACCURACY-TRIM VOUT accuracy light load %VOUTACCURACY-LL Rated output power POUT Rated output current IOUT 27.86 28.0 28.14 V 16.8 28.0 30.8 V Total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line conditions and for all load conditions above 10% of rated load, with trim inactive and SENSE pins connected (either at the load for remote sense, or at the DCM output for local sense) 0.5 % Total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line conditions and for all load conditions above 10% of rated load, with trim inactive and Sense Pins floating (Local Sense only) 1.0 % Total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line conditions and for all load conditions above 10% of rated load, with trim active 2.0 % Total output voltage setpoint accuracy for all line and trim conditions, for load conditions below or equal to 10% of rated load 5.0 % Trim range over temp. Specifies the Low, Nominal and High Trim conditions. Continuous, VOUT ≥ 28.0 V Continuous, VOUT ≤ 28.0 V Output current limit IOUT-LM Of rated IOUT max. Fully operational current limit, for nominal trim and below Current limit delay tIOUT-LIM The module will power limit in a fast transient event Efficiency η 500 W 17.86 A 100 120 135 % 1 ms 93.6 % Full load, nominal line, nominal trim 92.6 Full load, over line and temperature, nominal trim 91.0 % 50% load, over rated line, temperature and trim 91.6 % Output voltage ripple VOUT-PP Over all operating steady-state line, load and trim conditions, 20 MHz BW, with minimum COUT-EXT Output capacitance (internal) COUT-INT Effective value at nominal output voltage Output capacitance (internal) ESR RCOUT-INT At 1 MHz DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 5 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 220 mV 63 µF 0.06 mΩ DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Electrical Specifications (cont.) Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit 200 2000 µF 200 2000 µF Power Output Specifications (Cont.) Output capacitance (external) Output capacitance (external) Output capacitance, ESR (ext.) Initialization delay TRANSIENT Excludes component temperature coefficient. For load transients that remain > 10% rated load Excludes component temperature coefficient. For load transients down to 0% rated load RCOUT-EXT At 10 kHz, excludes component tolerances COUT-EXT COUT-EXT- 10 mΩ tINIT See state diagram 25 Output turn-on delay tON From rising edge EN, with VDDE pre-applied. See timing diagram 200 Output turn-off delay tOFF From falling edge EN. See timing diagram Soft start ramp time tSS Full load (soft-start ramp time) with minimum COUT-EXT VOUT threshold for max rated load current IOUT at startup Monotonic soft-start threshold voltage Minimum required disabled duration Minimum required disabled duration for predictable restart Voltage deviation (transient) Settling time VOUT-FL-THRESH IOUT-START VOUT-MONOTONIC is below VOUT-FL-THRESH Output voltage rise becomes monotonic with 1% of preload once it crosses VOUT-MONOTONIC ms µs 600 300 During startup, VOUT must achieve this threshold before output can support full rated current Max load current at startup while VOUT 40 µs ms 10.5 1.78 V A 14.4 V tOFF-MIN This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in the disabled state before it will attempt to start via EN 2 ms tOFF-MONOTONIC This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in the disabled state before it is guaranteed to exhibit monotonic soft-start and have predictable startup timing 100 ms %VOUT-TRANS tSETTLE Minimum COUT_EXT (10 ↔ 90% load step) <10 % 2.0 ms Powertrain Protections Input Voltage Initialization threshold VIN-INIT Threshold to start tINIT delay 75 Input Voltage Reset threshold VIN-RESET Input undervoltage lockout threshold VIN-UVLO- Input undervoltage recovery threshold VIN-UVLO+ Input overvoltage lockout threshold VIN-OVLO+ Input overvoltage recovery threshold VIN-OVLO- See Timing diagram 420 V Output overvoltage threshold VOUT-OVP Latched shutdown 35.0 V Minimum current limited VOUT VOUT-UVP Over all operating steady-state line and trim conditions Overtemperature threshold (internal) TINT-OTP Power limit tOVLO-SW VIN overvoltage response time tOVLO VIN undervoltage response time tUVLO Short circuit, or temperature fault recovery time 50 V 96 See Timing diagram tSC tFAULT 152 V 160 V 455 V 10 130 847 Independent of fault logic 1.5 For fault logic only Powertrain on, operational state See Timing diagram 1 DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 6 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 V °C PLIM VIN overvoltage to cessation of powertrain switching Short circuit response time Latching faults will clear once VIN falls below VIN-RESET V W µs 200 µs 100 ms 200 µs s DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Signal Specifications Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. Please note: For chassis mount models, Vicor part number 42550 will be needed for applications requiring the use of signal pins (Enable, Trim and Sense functions).[3] Enable: EN • The EN pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the unit will be disabled. • The EN pin is activated only if VDDE is preapplied before VIN is applied. Otherwise, EN is inactive and will be ignored until VIN is removed and reapplied. Additonally, if VDDE is removed at any time, EN will return to inactive mode. • The EN pin is referred to the –OUT of the converter and isolated from the primary side SIGNAL TYPE DIGITAL INPUT STATE Any ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL EN enable threshold VENABLE-EN EN disable threshold VENABLE-DIS Internally generated VCC EN internal pull up resistance to VCC CONDITIONS / NOTES Needs VDDE preapplied VCC MIN MAX UNIT 2.31 V 0.99 3.23 RENABLE-INT NOM V 3.30 3.37 0.990 1.000 1.010 V kΩ Trim: TR • The TR pin enables and disables trim functionality when VIN is initially applied to the DCM converter. When Vin first crosses VIN-UVLO+, the voltage on TR determines whether or not trim is active. • If TR is not floating at power up and has a voltage less than TR trim enable threshold, trim is active. • If trim is active, the TR pin provides dynamic trim control with at least 250 Hz of -3dB control bandwidth over the output voltage of the DCM converter. • The TR pin has an internal pull-up to VCC and is referenced to the –OUT pin of the converter. • VTRIM-RANGE represents the trim pin functional limits only. Module performance is guaranteed within rated output voltage trim range VOUT-TRIMMING, see electrical specification on page 5. SIGNAL TYPE DIGITAL INPUT ANALOG INPUT STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES TR trim disable threshold VTRIM-DIS Trim disabled when TR above this threshold at power up TR trim enable threshold VTRIM-EN Trim enabled when TR below this threshold at power up Internally generated VCC VCC TR pin functional range VTRIM-RANGE Startup Operational with Trim enabled VOUT referred TR pin resolution VOUT-RES TR internal pull up resistance to VCC RTRIM-INT Functional limits only MIN NOM MAX UNIT 3.20 V 3.10 V 3.23 3.30 3.37 V 0.00 2.37 3.10 V With VCC = 3.3 V 20.51 mV 0.999 1.000 1.001 kΩ VDDE • VDDE powers the internal controller. • VDDE needs to be preapplied before VIN in order to activate EN functionalities. • If not preapplied, VDDE is derived from VOUT; however, in this case, the enable function is not activated (the unit is always enabled and can be disabled only by removing VIN.) • If VDDE is removed during operation, the unit will return in"always enabled" mode, ignoring the EN pin until VDDE is reapplied and VIN is cycled. SIGNAL TYPE POWER INPUT [3] STATE Any ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL Power input for internal controller VDDE VDDE current consumption IVDDE CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN NOM MAX UNIT 4 5 10 V 35 50 mA Signal cable 42550 is rated for up to 5 insertions and extractions. To avoid unnecessary stress on the connector, the cable should be tied to the chassis. DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 7 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Signal Specifications (Cont.) Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade.Please note: For chassis mount models, Vicor part number 42550 will be needed for applications requiring the use of signal pins (Enable, Trim and Sense functions). +SENSE, –SENSE • Provide Remote Sense capability. • If floating, the DCM automatically implements Local Sense Operation. To achieve maximum regulation accuracy in local sense, the SENSE pins should be connected directly to their respective OUT pins. If SENSE pins are floating, the regulation accuracy degrades (see “VOUT accuracy with Sense Pins floating” on Page 5). RLINE VIA package + + VOUT –SENSE VLOAD COUT – LOAD DCM in a +SENSE LLINE – RLINE LLINE ∆VOUT_TO_LOAD = VOUT - VLOAD • Module performance is guaranteed for ΔVOUT_TO_LOAD within rated limits specified below. For ΔVOUT_TO_LOAD higher than the specified limits, regulation accuracy is not guaranteed. Also, high ΔVOUT_TO_LOAD might trigger OVP (for above nominal trim conditions), and might cause load voltage runaway (which might trigger UVP). ATTRIBUTE Remote Sense rated Voltage Drop SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN ΔVOUT_TO_LOAD Rated voltage drop between DCM output and sense point at the load, in Remote Sense Operation. Module performance is guaranteed for ΔVOUT_TO_LOAD below this threshold. 280 DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 8 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 NOM MAX UNIT mV DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Timing Diagrams tOFF Output DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 9 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 ILOAD FULL LOAD IOUT VOUT VOUT-UVP VOUT-NOM TR VTR-DIS Input EN VIN VIN-UVLO+/VIN-INIT VIN-OVLO+/- tINIT tON 1 Input Power On - Trim Inactive tSS 2 3 Ramp to TR Full Load Ignored 4 EN Low tMIN_OFF 5 EN High tSS tON tOFF 6 Input OVLO tSS tOFF 7 Input UVLO tSS tOFF 8 Input returned to zero Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown. Timing diagrams assume VDDE pre-applied. Without VDDE pre-applied, EN is ignored, EN and Trim will go high after VOUT. All other behaviors (OVLO, UVLO, OVP, etc.) will remain the same. Output Input DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 10 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 ILOAD IOUT FULL LOAD VOUT VOUT-UVP VOUT-NOM TR VTR = nom VTR-EN EN VIN VIN-UVLO+/VIN-INIT VIN-OVLO+/- tINIT tON 9 Input Power On - Trim Active tSS VOUT-OVP 10 Vout based on VTR tOFF 11 Load dump and reverse current tINIT tON tSS 12 Vout OVP (primary sensed) 13 Latched fault cleared RLOAD tIOUT-LIM 14 Current Limit with Resistive Load tFAULT 15 Resistive Load with decresing R tINIT 16 Overload induced Output UVP tON tSS DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Timing Diagrams (Cont.) Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown. Timing diagrams assume VDDE pre-applied. Without VDDE pre-applied, EN is ignored, EN and Trim will go high after VOUT. All other behaviors (OVLO, UVLO, OVP, etc.) will remain the same. DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Typical Performance Characteristics The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data. Figure 3 — Disabled power dissipation vs. VIN Figure 6 — 10% to 100% load transient response, VIN = 270 V, nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 200 µF Figure 4 — No load power dissipation vs. VIN, at nominal trim Figure 7 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, at low trim Figure 5 — 100% to 10% load transient response, VIN = 270 V, Figure 8 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, at nominal trim nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 200 µF DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 11 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.) The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data. Figure 13 — Nominal powertrain switching frequency vs. load, at nominal trim Figure 10 — Efficiency (top three curves) and power dissipation (bottom three curves) vs.load at TCASE = -40°C, nominal trim Figure 12 — Efficiency (top three curves) and power dissipation (bottom three curves) vs.load at TCASE = 70°C, nominal trim Figure 9 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, at high trim Figure 11 — Efficiency (top three curves) and power dissipation (bottom three curves) vs.load at TCASE = 25°C, nominal trim Figure 14 — Effective internal input capacitance vs. applied voltage DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 12 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.) The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data. Figure 15 —Startup from EN, VIN = 270 V, COUT_EXT = 2000 µF, RLOAD = 1.568 Ω Figure 16 — Nominal powertrain switching frequency vs. load, at nominal VIN Figure 17 — Output voltage ripple, VIN = 270 V, VOUT = 28.0 V, COUT_EXT = 200 µF, RLOAD = 1.568 Ω DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 13 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz General Characteristics Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Mechanical [4] Length L 94.88/[3.74] 95.13/[3.75] 95.38/[3.76] mm/[in] Width W 35.29/[1.39] 35.54/[1.4] 35.79/[1.41] mm/[in] Height H 8.919/[0.355] 9.3/[0.37] 9.68/[0.385] mm/[in] Volume Vol Weight W No heat sink 31.44/[1.94] cm3/[in3] 116.0/[4.10] g/[oz] Thermal Operating internal temperature TINT Thermal resistance top side RJC_TOP Thermal resistance housing RHOU Thermal resistance bottom side RJC_BOT C-Grade -20 125 °C T-Grade -40 125 °C M-Grade -55 125 °C Estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal top housing 2.16 °C/W Estimated thermal resistance from top housing to bottom housing 0.78 °C/W Estimated thermal resistance to maximum temperature internal component from isothermal bottom housing 2.44 °C/W 42.0 Ws/°C Thermal capacity Assembly Storage temperature TST HBM ESD rating CDM C-Grade -20 125 °C T-Grade -40 125 °C M-Grade -65 125 °C Method per Human Body Model Test ESDA/JEDEC JDS-001-2012 CLASS 1C Charged Device Model JESD22-C101E CLASS 2 V Soldering [5] Peak temperature top case [4] [5] For further information, please contact factory applications 130 Product appearance may change over time depending upon environmental exposure. This change has no impact on product performance. Product is not intended for reflow solder attach. DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 14 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 °C DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz General Characteristics (Cont.) Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range specified by the product grade. Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit Safety Dielectric Withstand Test VHIPOT IN to OUT 2121 Vdc IN to CASE 2121 Vdc OUT to CASE 707 Vdc Reliability MIL-HDBK-217Plus Parts Count - 25°C Ground Benign, Stationary, Indoors / MTBF 1.52 MHrs 1.90 MHrs Compute Telcordia Issue 2 - Method I Case III; 25°C Ground Benign, Controlled Agency Approvals cTÜVus, EN 60950-1 Agency approvals/standards cURus, CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive, as applicable DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 15 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Pin Functions Design Guidelines +IN, -IN Building Blocks and System Design The DCM converter input accepts the full 160.0 to 420.0 V range, and it generates an isolated trimmable 28.0 Vdc output. Input power pins. +OUT, -OUT Output power pins. –Out also serves as reference for the secondaryreferenced control pins. EN (Enable) This pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the unit will be disabled. It is referenced to the -OUT pin of the converter. EN is active only if VDDE is preapplied before VIN is applied. Otherwise, EN is inactive and will be ignored until VIN is removed and reapplied. n Output enable: When EN is allowed to pull up above the enable threshold, the module will be enabled. If leaving EN floating, it is pulled up to VCC and the module will be enabled. n Output disable: EN may be pulled down externally in order to disable the module. n EN is an input only, it does not pull low in the event of a fault. TR (Trim) The TR pin is used to select the trim mode and to trim the output voltage of the DCM converter. The TR pin has an internal pull-up to VCC. The DCM will latch trim behavior at application of VIN (once VIN exceeds VIN-UVLO+), and persist in that same behavior until loss of input voltage. n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at above VTRIM-DIS, the module will latch in a non-trim mode, and will ignore the TR input for as long as VIN is present. n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at below VTRIM-EN, the TR will serve as an input to control the real time output voltage. It will persist in this behavior until VIN is no longer present. If trim is active when the DCM is operating, the TR pin provides dynamic trim control at a typical 250 Hz of -3dB bandwidth over the output voltage. TR also decreases the current limit threshold when trimming above VOUT-NOM. +SENSE, –SENSE These pins are Remote Sense pins, which allow the users to sense the voltage at the point of load so that the DCM can use the load voltage to regulate its output voltage accordingly. If “+SENSE” and “–SENSE” are floating, Local Sense is implemented automatically. However, when SENSE pins are floating, the regulation accuracy deteriorates (see "VOUT accuracy with Sense pin floating" on Page 5). To achieve maximum regulation accuracy, the SENSE pins should be used also for local sense operation, by connecting them directly to their respective OUT pins (+SENSE to +OUT and -SENSE to -OUT). Please note: For chassis mount models, Vicor part number 42550 will be needed for applications requiring the use of signal pins (Enable, Trim and Sense functions). The DCM converter provides a tightly regulated output voltage. With trim inactive (TR pin floating), regulation accuracy is within 0.5% of the setpoint for all line conditions and for any load above 10% of the rated load. With trim active, regulation accuracy is within 2.0% for all line conditions and for any load condition above 10% of the rated load. The DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz is designed to be used in applications where the output power requirements are up to 500 W. Soft Start When the DCM starts, it will go through a soft start. The soft start routine ramps the output voltage by modulating the internal error amplifier reference. This causes the output voltage to approximate a piecewise linear ramp. The output ramp finishes when the voltage reaches either the nominal output voltage, or the trimmed output voltage in cases where trim mode is active. During soft-start, the maximum load current capability is reduced. Until Vout achieves at least VOUT-FL-THRESH, the output current must be less than IOUT-START in order to guarantee startup. Note that this is current available to the load, above that which is required to charge the output capacitor. Trim Mode and Output Trim Control When the input voltage is initially applied to a DCM, and after tINIT elapses, the trim pin voltage VTR is sampled. The TR pin has an internal pull up resistor to VCC, so unless external circuitry pulls the pin voltage lower, it will pull up to VCC. If the initially sampled trim pin voltage is higher than VTRIM-DIS, then the DCM will disable trimming as long as the VIN remains applied. In this case, for all subsequent operation the output voltage will be programmed to the nominal. This minimizes the support components required for applications that only require the nominal rated VOUT, and also provides the best output setpoint accuracy, as there are no additional errors from external trim components. If at initial application of VIN, the TR pin voltage is prevented from exceeding VTRIM-EN, then the DCM will activate trim mode, and it will remain active for as long as VIN is applied. VOUT set point can be calculated using the equation below: VOUT-TRIMMING = 15.400 + (17.528 • VTR/VCC) (1) Note that the trim mode is not changed when a DCM recovers from any fault condition or being disabled. Module performance is guaranteed through output voltage trim range VOUT-TRIMMING. If VOUT is trimmed above this range, then certain combinations of line and load transient conditions may trigger the output OVP. Output Current Limit The DCM features a fully operational current limit which effectively keeps the module operating inside the Safe Operating Area (SOA) for all valid trim and load profiles. The current limit approximates a “brick wall” limit, where the output current is DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 16 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz prevented from exceeding the current limit threshold by reducing the output voltage via the internal error amplifier reference. The current limit threshold at nominal trim and below is typically 120% of rated output current, but it can vary between 100% to 135%. In order to preserve the SOA, when the converter is trimmed above the nominal output voltage, the current limit threshold is automatically reduced to limit the available output power. When the output current exceeds the current limit threshold, current limit action is held off by 1ms, which permits the DCM to momentarily deliver higher peak output currents to the load. Peak output power during this time is still constrained by the internal Power Limit of the module. The fast Power Limit and relatively slow Current Limit work together to keep the module inside the SOA. Delaying entry into current limit also permits the DCM to minimize droop voltage for load steps. Sustained operation in current limit is permitted, and no derating of output power is required. Current limit can reduce the output voltage to as little as the UVP threshold (VOUT-UVP). Below this minimum output voltage compliance level, further loading will cause the module to shut down due to the output undervoltage fault protection. Line Impedance, Input Slew rate and Input Stability Requirements Connect a high-quality, low-noise power supply to the +IN and –IN terminals. Additional capacitance may have to be added between +IN and –IN to make up for impedances in the interconnect cables as well as deficiencies in the source. Excessive source impedance can bring about system stability issues for a regulated DC-DC converter, and must either be avoided or compensated. A 100 µF input capacitor is the minimum recommended in case the source impedance is insufficient to satisfy stability requirements. Additional information can be found in the filter design application note: www.vicorpower.com/documents/application_notes/vichip_appnote23.pdf Please refer to this input filter design tool to ensure input stability: http://app2.vicorpower.com/filterDesign/intiFilter.do. Ensure that the input voltage slew rate is less than 1V/us, otherwise a pre-charge circuit is required for the DCM input to control the input voltage slew rate and prevent overstress to input stage components. Input Fuse Selection The DCM is not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. Input line fusing is recommended at the system level, in order to provide thermal protection in case of catastrophic failure. The fuse shall be selected by closely matching system requirements with the following characteristics: n Current rating (usually greater than the DCM converter’s maximum current) n Maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage) n Ambient temperature n Breaking capacity per application requirements n Nominal melting I2t n Recommended fuse: See Agency Approvals for Recommended Fuse Fault Handling Input Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVLO) The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input under voltage condition. If the converter is not already running, then it will ignore enable commands until the input voltage is greater than VIN-UVLO+. If the converter is running and the input voltage falls below VIN-UVLO-, the converter recognizes a fault condition, the powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the unit falls. Input voltage transients which fall below UVLO for less than tUVLO may not be detected by the fault protection logic, in which case the converter will continue regular operation. No protection is required in this case. Once the UVLO fault is detected by the fault protection logic, the converter shuts down and waits for the input voltage to rise above VIN-UVLO+. Provided the converter is still enabled, it will then restart. Input Overvoltage Fault Protection (OVLO) The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input over voltage condition. When the input voltage is more than the VIN-OVLO+, a fault is detected, the powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter falls. After an OVLO fault occurs, the converter will wait for the input voltage to fall below VIN-OVLO-. Provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will restart. The powertrain controller itself also monitors the input voltage. Transient OVLO events which have not yet been detected by the fault sequence logic may first be detected by the controller if the input slew rate is sufficiently large. In this case, powertrain switching will immediately stop. If the input voltage falls back in range before the fault sequence logic detects the out of range condition, the powertrain will resume switching and the fault logic will not interrupt operation. Regardless of whether the powertrain is running at the time or not, if the input voltage does not recover from OVLO before tOVLO, the converter fault logic will detect the fault. Output Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVP) The converter determines that an output overload or short circuit condition exists by measuring its output voltage and the output of the internal error amplifier. In general, whenever the powertrain is switching and the output voltage falls below VOUT-UVP threshold, a short circuit fault will be registered. Once an output undervoltage condition is detected, the powertrain immediately stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter falls. The converter remains disabled for a time tFAULT. Once recovered and provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will again enter the soft start sequence after tINIT and tON. Temperature Fault Protections (OTP) The fault logic monitors the internal temperature of the converter. If the measured temperature exceeds TINT-OTP, a temperature fault is registered. As with the under voltage fault protection, once a temperature fault is registered, the powertrain immediately stops switching, the output voltage of the converter falls, and the converter remains disabled for at least time tFAULT. Then, the converter waits for the internal temperature to return to below TINT-OTP before recovering. Provided the converter is still enabled, the DCM will restart after tINIT and tON. http://www.vicorpower.com DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 17 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Output Overvoltage Fault Protection (OVP) The converter monitors the output voltage during each switching cycle. If the output voltage exceeds VOUT-OVP, the OVP fault protection is triggered. The control logic disables the powertrain, and the output voltage of the converter falls. n Single side cooling: the model of Figure 18 can be simplified by calculating the parallel resistor network and using one simple thermal resistance number and the internal power dissipation curves; an example for bottom side cooling only is shown in Figure 19. This type of fault is latched, and the converter will not start again until the latch is cleared. Clearing the fault latch is achieved by either disabling the converter via the EN pin, or else by removing the input power such that the input voltage falls below VIN-INIT. RJC However some DCM models require an increase to the minimum external output capacitor value in certain loading condition. In applications where the load can go below 10% of rated load, the range of output capacitor required is given by COUT-EXT-TRANSIENT in the Electrical Specifications table. Thermal Considerations The VIA package provides effective conduction cooling from either of the two module surfaces. Heat may be removed from the top surface, the bottom surface or both. The extent to which these two surfaces are cooled is a key component for determining the maximum power that can be processed by a DCM in a VIA package, as can be seen from specified thermal operating area on Page 4. Since the VIA package has a maximum internal temperature rating, it is necessary to estimate this internal temperature based on a system-level thermal solution. To this purpose, it is helpful to simplify the thermal solution into a roughly equivalent circuit where power dissipation is modeled as a current source, isothermal surface temperatures are represented as voltage sources and the thermal resistances are represented as resistors. Figure 18 shows the “thermal circuit” for the VIA package. + RJC_TOP TC_TOP – RHOU – PDISS RJC_BOT s TC_BOT + s Figure 18 – Double sided cooling VIA thermal model In this case, the internal power dissipation is PDISS, RJC_TOP and RJC_BOT are thermal resistance characteristics of the VIA package and the top and bottom surface temperatures are represented as TC_TOP, and TC_BOT. It is interesting to notice that the package itself provides a high degree of thermal coupling between the top and bottom case surfaces (represented in the model by the resistor RHOU). This feature enables two main options regarding thermal designs: + TC_BOT – External Output Capacitance The DCM converter internal compensation requires a minimum external output capacitor. An external capacitor in the range of 200 to 2000 µF with ESR of 10 mΩ is required for control loop compensation purposes. s PDISS s Figure 19 – Single-sided cooling VIA thermal model In this case, RJC can be derived as following: RJC = (RJC_TOP + RHOU) • RJC_BOT RJC_TOP + RHOU + RJC_BOT n Double side cooling: while this option might bring limited advantage to the module internal components (given the surface-to-surface coupling provided), it might be appealing in cases where the external thermal system requires allocating power to two different elements, like for example heatsinks with independent airflows or a combination of chassis/air cooling. Grounding Considerations The chassis of the VIA package is required to be connected to Protective Earth when installed in the end application and must satisfy the requirements of IEC 60950-1 for Class I products. Both sides of the housing are required to be connected to Protective Earth to satisfy safety and EMI requirements. Protective earthing can be accomplished through dedicated wiring harness (example: ring terminal clamped by mounting screw) or surface contact (example: pressure contact on bare conductive chassis or PCB copper layer with no solder mask). Dielectric Withstand The VIA package contains an internal safety approved isolating component (VI ChiP) that provides the Reinforced Insulation from Input to Output. The isolating component is individually tested for Reinforced Insulation from Input to Output at 4242 Vdc prior to the final assembly of the VIA. When the VIA assembly is complete the Reinforced Insulation can only be tested at Basic Insulation values as specified in the electric strength Test Procedure noted in clause 5.2.2 of IEC 60950-1. DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 18 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Test Procedure Note from IEC 60950-1 “For equipment incorporating both REINFORCED INSULATION and lower grades of insulation, care is taken that the voltage applied to the REINFORCED INSULATION does not overstress BASIC INSULATION or SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION.” Summary The final VIA assembly contains basic insulation from input to case, reinforced insulation from input to output, and functional insulation from output to case. The output of the VIA complies with the requirements of SELV circuits so only functional insulation is required from the output (SELV) to case (PE) because the case is required to be connected to protective earth in the final installation. The construction of the VIA can be summarized by describing it as a “Class II” component installed in a “Class I” subassembly. The reinforced insulation from input to output can only be tested at a basic insulation value of 2121 Vdc on the completely assembled VIA product. VI ChiP Isolation Input Output SELV RI Figure 20 – VI Chip before final assembly in the VIA VIA DCM Isolation VI ChiP Input Output VIA Input Circuit SELV VIA Output Circuit RI BI PE FI Figure 21 – DCM VIA after final assembly DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 19 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 20 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 .11 2.90 .947±.010 24.058±.254 .112±.010 2.846±.254 1.171 29.750 .080 2.032 (2) PL. .37±.015 9.30±.381 2 1 DIM 'D' ±.010 [.254] DIM 'G' ±.010 [.254] .182 [4.613] .103 [2.607] BOTTOM VEW 11 10 LONG DIM 'L' DIM 'C' DIM 'E' TOP VIEW DIM 'B' (COMPONENT SIDE) SHORT DIM 'F' ±.010 [.254] DIM 'A' 13 12 4 3 0 .15 3.86 (4) PL. .067 1.700 .452±.010 11.475±.254 .150 3.810 (2) PL. .025 .635 (5) PL. .156 3.970 5 6 7 8 9 .947±.003 24.058±.076 .859±.010 21.810±.254 .268 6.800 .201 5.100 .134 3.400 SEATING PLANE DIM 'L' ±.010 [.254] 1.171±.003 29.750±.076 .112±.003 2.846±.076 .120±.003 3.048±.076 PLATED THRU .030 [.762] ANNULAR RING (2) PL 1 2 12 3 4 1.40 35.54 1.61 [40.93] 2.17 [55.15] 1.61 [40.93] 4914 (2 STAGE) 6123 5614 (1 STAGE) 9223 1.61 [40.93] 4414 (1 STAGE) 6123 3714 (1 STAGE) 4623 1.59 [40.34] 1.13 [28.70] 1.59 [40.34] 2814 (1 STAGE) 2223 2914 (0 STAGE) 3623 3414 (1 STAGE) 3623 DIM 'A' 1.13 [28.70] PRODUCT NA NA DIM 'B' 2.970 [75.445] 1.757 [44.625] 1.757 [44.625] 1.150 [29.200] .811 [20.593] .811 [20.593] .067±.003 1.700±.076 .452±.003 11.475±.076 2414 (0 STAGE) 2223 RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN (COMPONENT SIDE) DIM 'D'' ±.003 [.076] 10 13 SEE DETAIL A DIM 'B'' ±.003 [.076] 11 DIM 'G'' ±.003 [.076] .172±.003 4.369±.076 PLATED THRU .064 [1.626] ANNULAR RING (4) PL. DIM 'F' ±.003 [.076] .190±.003 4.826±.076 PLATED THRU .030 [.762] ANNULAR RING (2) PL 5.57 [141.37] 4.91 [124.77] 4.35 [110.55] 3.75 [95.13] 3.38 [85.93] 2.93 [74.30] 2.84 [72.05] 2.38 [60.42] DIM 'C' .046 1.168 (3) PL. .156±.003 3.970±.076 .859±.003 21.810±.076 2.442 [62.017] 2.529 [64.236] 5.171 [131.337] 4.517 [114.741] 3.957 [100.517] 3.350 [85.092] 2.988 [75.897] 5.65 [143.58] 5.00 [126.98] 4.44 [112.76] 3.83 [97.34] 3.47 [88.14] 3.01 [76.51] 2.92 [74.26] 2.47 [62.63] DIM 'E' DETAIL A SCALE 8 : 1 1.984 [50.384] DIM 'D' .023 .584 TYP .023 .584 TYP .040±.003 1.016±.076 PLATED THRU .008 [.203] ANNULAR RING (5) PL .201±.003 5.100±.076 .134±.003 3.400±.076 .268±.003 6.800±.076 9 1.439 [36.554] 1.999 [50.777] 1.439 [36.554] 1.439 [36.554] 1.415 [35.945] .957 [24.304] 1.415 [35.945] .957 [24.304] DIM 'F' 5 6 7 8 DIM 'G' 5.434 [138.026] 4.781 [121.430] 4.221 [107.206 3.613 [91.781] 3.251 [82.586] 2.792 [70.925] 2.705 [68.706] 2.247 [57.073] DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz DCM in a VIA package Module Mechanical Drawing - PCB Mount Type DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 21 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 NA 1.59 [40.34] 1.13 [28.70] 1.59 [40.34] 1.61 [40.93] 1.15 [29.29] 1.15 [29.29] 1.61 [40.93] 1.61 [40.93] 2.17 [55.15] 2.17 [55.15] 1.61 [40.93] 1.61 [40.93] 2814 (1 STAGE) 2223 2914 (0 STAGE) 3623 3414 (1 STAGE) 3623 3714 (1 STAGE) 4623 3914 (0 STAGE) 2361 3914 (0 STAGE) 2361 NBM 4414 (1 STAGE) 2361 4414 (1 STAGE) 6123 4914 (2 STAGE) 2361 4914 (2 STAGE) 6123 5614 (1 STAGE) 2392 5614 (1 STAGE) 9223 2.970 [75.445] 2.490 [63.250] 1.757 [44.625] 1.277 [32.430] 1.757 [44.625] 1.277 [32.430] 1.277 [32.430] 1.277 [32.430] 1.150 [29.200] .811 [20.593] .811 [20.593] NA DIM 'B' DIM 'A' 1.13 [28.70] PRODUCT DIM 'B' 5.57 [141.37] 5.57 [141.37] 4.91 [124.77] 4.91 [124.77] 4.35 [110.55] 4.35 [110.55] 3.89 [98.92] 3.89 [98.92] 3.75 [95.13] 3.38 [85.93] 2.93 [74.30] 2.84 [72.05] 2.38 [60.42] DIM 'C' 86(7<&2/8*25 (48,9)25,1387&211(&7,21 $//352'8&76 DIM 'A' 2414 (0 STAGE) 2223 .11 2.90 1.171 29.750 ,1387 ,16(57 72%( 5(029(' 35,25 7286( .37±.015 9.30±.381 DIM 'C' 127(6 .15 3.86 THRU (4) PL. RED BLACK BLUE 8 WHITE YELLOW )RUFKDVVLVPRXQWPRGHOV 9LFRUSDUWQXPEHUZLOOEHQHHGHGIRU DSSOLFDWLRQVUHTXLULQJWKHXVHRIVLJQDOSLQV (QDEOH7ULPDQG6HQVHIXQFWLRQV 86(7<&2/8*25 (48,9)25287387&211(&7,21 352'8&76$1' 86(7<&2/8*25 (48,9)25287387&211(&7,21 352'8&76$1' 287387 ,16(57 72%( 5(029(' 35,25 7286( 23.98 609.14 1.40 35.54 DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz DCM in a VIA package Module Mechanical Drawing - Chassis Mount Type DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Revision History Revision Date Description 1.0 05/31/16 Intital release n/a 1.1 08/23/16 Updated value of RLOAD in the figure 17 description 13 DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 22 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474 Page Number(s) DCM3714xD2K31E0yzz Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power systems. Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request. Product Warranty In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the “Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER. This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. Vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. Life Support Policy VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages. Intellectual Property Notice Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department. The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers: RE40,072; 7,561,446; 7,920,391; 7,782,639; 8,966,747; 8,427,269; 6,421,262 and other patents pending. Vicor Corporation 25 Frontage Road Andover, MA, USA 01810 Tel: 800-735-6200 Fax: 978-475-6715 email Customer Service: [email protected] Technical Support: [email protected] DCM™ in a VIA Package Rev 1.1 vicorpower.com Page 23 of 23 08/2016 800 927.9474