Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APA18T04 – 3.0-5.5Vin, 18A, Non-isolated DC – DC SIP Converter The single output APA18T04 is a non-isolated, 60W, SIP footprint Point-of-Load (POL) DC/DC converter. The new APA18T04 series can deliver an adjustable output voltage range from 0.75V – 3.3V at 18 Amps (A) with efficiency as high as 93.5%, and the input voltage range is from 3.0 – 5.5V. Electrical Parameters Input Input range Input Surge Efficiency Special Features • • • • • • • • Point of Load (POL) applications High current slew rate at 1A/uS Industry standard footprint Open frame SIP -40°C to +85°C Ambient operating temperature Positive enable function Low output ripple and noise Adjustable output voltage through external resistor programming • Regulation to zero load Environment Specifications -40°C to +85°C Operating temperature -40°C to +125°C Storage temperature MTBF: >1 million hours ROHS Compliant 3.0 to 5.5 VDC 6V / 100ms 95%@3.3Vo (Typical) Output Load current Line Regulation Load Regulation 0.75Vo 0.75 < Vo < 3.3V 3.3V ≤ Vo 18Amax (Po ≤ 60W) < 0.5% 10mV 15mV 30mV Noise / Ripple 50mV p-p max Enable TTL compatible Transient Response 300mV typical deviation For load change of 50% step Between 10% to 100% of load 100uS(max) recovery (with ouput cap 100uF Tantalum + 1uF ceramic) Remote Sense Turn on input voltage Over Temperature Protection +10% Vo 2.7 –3.0V (Typ) 120°C OCP/OTP Hiccup – auto recovery Safety UL, cUL TUV 60950 Recognized EN60950 Licensed Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 1 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APA18T04 SERIES THIS TECHNICAL REFEENCE NOTES COVERS THE SPECIFICATIONS FOR A SINGLE OUTPUT, OPEN-FRAME, NON-ISOLATED DC-DC CONVERTER WITH ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT FROM 0.75V TO 3.3V HAVING 59.4W MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER WHEN OPERATED FROM A NOMINAL 5 VDC SOURCE. THE MECHANICAL OUTLINE IS 50.8MM X 12.7MM X 8.1MM AND OFFERED IN SIP TERMINATION. MODELS IN THE FAMILY ARE OUTLINED BELOW. MODEL NUMBER APA18T04-9 APA18T04-9H SIS CODE APA18T04-9 APA18T04-9H Vin range 3V – 5.5V 3V – 5.5V Vout/Iout 0.75V – 3.3V / 18A* 0.75V – 3.3V / 18A* MODEL ID NO D892 D893 *Options: Suffix Option -9 Vo Trim, Vertical Mounting Pin, RoHS compliance -9H Vo Trim, Horizontal Mounting Pin, RoHS compliance Note: * 18A maximum output current with total power limited to 59.4W.Output voltage is set to 0.7525V (fty default). Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 2 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series Electrical Specifications The product shall comply with the requirements of this specification for all valid conditions of line input voltage, load current, temperature and other environmental conditions, unless otherwise specified in this document. Description External Input Fuse1,2 External Input Capacitance External Output Capacitance +VIN Enable GND Trim +Vout Airflow3 TA (Ambient Temperature) LITTLEFUSE 314025(25A fast acting fuse) As specified by Appendix A2, and 4 As specified by Appendix A3, and 4. 3.3Vdc/5Vdc (nominal Input Voltage) Open Return for both VIN and VO Resistor Programming [See App A6] Output Pin connected to Load 200LFM/300LFM -40ºC to 85ºC NOTE: 1. Refer to Appendix A4 for typical application circuit. 2. The converter is not internally fused; Engineering needs to specify a fuse appropriate to the package size of the converter. 3. Refer to Appendix A1 for correct airflow and module orientation & Appendix B for the derating curves of different airflow. Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 3 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operational sections of this specification. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. The converter shall be designed, labeled and safety approved for maximum continuous rating as follows: Parameter Input Voltage Continuous Transient (100ms) Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Operating Humidity Max Voltage at Enable Pin Max Output Power 4.3 Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit All VIN VIN, trans Ta TSTG - -0.3 -40 -55 10 - - 6 8 85 125 85 12 59.4 Vdc Symbol VIN Min 3.0 Typ 3.3/5.0 Max 5.5 Unit Vdc 2.7 2.4 - 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.7 18.0 Vdc - 0.5 0.3 300 W mAp-p All NA - - V/ms All NA - - Apk All All All All All ºC ºC % Vdc W INPUT SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Operating Input Voltage Range Input Under-Voltage Lock-out T_ON Threshold T_OFF Threshold Input Current (VIN = VIN, Min ; IO = IO, Max) Max Pdiss @ IO = 0A (VIN = VIN, Nom, TA=25°C) Input Ripple Current1 5Hz to 20MHz Input Voltage Rise Time 10% to 90% of Vout Inrush Current dVIN/dt Device All 0.75V=Vo <2.5V T04 Vo:3.3V Vo:0.75V All IIN-MAX II1 A NOTE: 1. External input capacitance required. See Input Ripple Current test measurement setup on Appendix A2. Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 4 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Output Voltage Set point VIN = VIN, MIN to VIN,MAX; IO = IO, max Output Regulation Line: VIN = VIN, min to VIN, max Load: IO = IO, min to IO, max Temp: TA = -40 ºC to +85ºC Ripple and Noise2 Peak-to-Peak: (5Hz to 20MHz) Output Current and output power3 External Load Capacitance Cap ESR = 1 mO Cap ESR = 10 mO Output Current-limit Inception VOUT = 90% VO,SET4,10 Over Temperature Range6 Device Symb ol VO,SET Min 0.74 Typ 0.7525 Max 0.76 Unit Vdc All 0.75V 0.75<Vo<3.3V 3.3V≤Vo All - - - 0.5 10.0 15.0 30.0 1.0 % mV mV mV % All - - 25 55 mVp-p All Io Po 0 0 - 18 59.4 A W µF µF A °C All All IO 18.5 - 1000 5000 50 All - 100 110 120 0.75V 1.20V 1.50V 1.80V 2.50V 3.30V η η η η η η 78.4 83.7 86.4 88 91 93 82 87 89 90 92.5 95 All All - 2.0 - - 6.0 8 ms ms All - - - 20.0 ms All All - 250 - 300 - 350 5 KHz %Vo (AVG. PCB TEMP) Efficiency9 VIN = 5V, IO = IO,MAX ; TA=25°C Turn-On Response Time5 VIN = VIN-MIN to VIN-MAX Enable to Output Turn-ON Delay VIN = VIN-MIN to VIN-MAX IO = IO,MIN to IO,MAX +VIN to Output Turn-On Delay Enable Pin: Active VIN = VIN-MIN to VIN-MAX IO = IO,MIN to IO,MAX Switching Frequency Output Overshoot at T-on / T-off Passive Resistive Full Load Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 5 OF 26 % % % % % % Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Dynamic Response6 (CO = 100uF Tantalum + 1uF ceramic) Load Change of 50% step anywhere between 10% to 100% of rated load Device Symbol ∆IO/∆t - Peak Deviation Settling Time to VO, Nom <5% Peak deviation Dynamic Response 6(CO = 150uF x2 Special Polymer Aluminum Capacitors+10uF Tantalum Cap. +1uF Ceramic Cap.) Load Change of 50% step anywhere between 10% to 100% of rated load All - ∆IO/∆t Min Typ Max Unit - 2.5 - A/µs - 300 100 350 150 mV µs 2.5 A/µs mV Peak Deviation 150 200 All µs Settling Time to VO, Nom <5% 150 200 Peak deviation Output Voltage Trim Range7 All 0.74 3.63 V Remote Sense8 All 10% V Output Enable ON/OFF All Positive Enable * 2.4 12.0 V Enable Pin Voltage: Mod-ON Mod-OFF -0.7 0.8 V * Module is enabled with Enable Pin open NOTE: 2. Refer to Appendix A3 for the Output Ripple and Noise Test Measurement Setup. 3. Output Power Derating applies at elevated temperature. See Appendix B for the Derating Curves. 4. OCP and OTP are in hiccup mode. The converter will auto restart once the fault is removed. OCP is not precise with Vin varying . OTP along with OCP will protect the converter under typical overload condition. 5. Measure output rise time from 10%VO to 90%VO. See Appendix A5. 6. Load step response shall be measured at the load side of the output capacitors. See Appendix A4 for the output and input cap requirement. 7. See appropriate Trim Equation and configuration in Appendix A6. The voltage difference between input and output must be greater than 0.7V. 8. The combination of remote sense and output trim adjust cannot exceed 0.25V. 9. A tested correlation factor may be used to justify the minimum efficiency specification to facilitate manufacturing test for the units under test with contact (non-soldering) type of connections, for example pogo pin’s type of connection. 10.Under 25°C. Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 6 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX A1: CONVERTER ORIENTATION WRT TO AIRFLOW Figure 1. Airflow Orientation and Thermal Test Setup Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 7 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX A2: INPUT REFLECTED RIPPLE TEST SETUP L1 Vin+ Vin Vo Vo+ APA18 Cin 1000uF C1 150uF C2 150uF C3 2.2uF C4 150uF Trim C5 150uF C6 1uF Enable Gnd R1 Vin- Vo- Figure 2. Input Reflected-ripple current Test Setup. Note: Measure input reflected-ripple current with a simulated source inductance (Ltest) of 1uH. Capacitor Cs offsets possible battery impedance. Measure current as shown above. Input capacitors: C1,C2: Use 150uF/6.3V special polymer(Sanyo 6TPE150M ,or Panasonic EEFUE0J151R).C3: 2.2uF/6.3V Ceramic Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 8 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX A3: OUTPUT RIPPLE TEST SETUP Figure 3. Peak-to-Peak Output Noise Measurement Test Setup. Note: (1) Use a 1µF @50V X7R ceramic capacitor and a 10µF @ 10V tantalum capacitor. (2) Use 2 x 150uF/6.3V special polymer(Sanyo 6TPE150M ,or Panasonic EEFUE0J151R) (3) Scope measurement should be made using a BNC socket. Position the load between 51 mm and 76 mm (2 in. and 3 in.) from module. Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 9 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX A4: TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT SENCE F1 Vin+ Vin+ VO+ FUSE APA18T04 Cin1 Cin2 Co1 ENABLE Vsource Co2 TRIM Load R1 S1 GND Rtrim VinFigure 4.Typical Application Circuit F1: Fuse: Use external fuse (Fast-acting type 25A) for each unit. Input capacitors: Cin1: 150uF/6V x 2 special polymer (Sanyo 6TPE150M,or Panasonic EEFUE0J151R) Cin2: 47uF/10V x2 Ceramic Output capacitors: Co1: 150uF/6.3V x2 special polymer(Sanyo 6TPE150M,or Panasonic EEFUE0J151R) Co2: 1uF/6.3V ceramic Figure 5. Dynamic deviation and settling time Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 10 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX A5: TIMING DIAGRAM Figure 6. Timing diagram Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 11 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX A6: OUTPUT TRIM REQUIREMENT Output voltage adjustment is accomplished by connecting an external resistor between the Trim Pin and Ground Pin terminals. Resistance and Output voltage relationship is established by Equation 1. If Trim pin is left open – default VO = 0.7525V Rtrim = ( TRIM-UP EQUATION: 21070 − 5110)Ω Vo − 0.7525 Where Rtrim is the resistance value in ohms and VO is the output voltage desired. Vo SENSE APA18 Co1 Co2 LOAD TRIM Rtrim GND Figure 7. Trim UP test configuration (Pin Side Up) VO, set (V) Rtrim (k? ) from Equation Rtrim (k? ) from E96 0.7525 open 1.2 41.97 1.5 23.08 1.8 15 2.5 6.95 3.3 3.16 open 42.2 23.2 15 6.98 3.16 Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 12 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX B: THERMAL DERATING CURVES NOTE: These curves are limited by OTP. 20 18 Output Current (A) 16 14 12 10 300 LFM 8 200 LFM 6 4 100 LFM 2 0 LFM 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 Ambient Temperature (oC) 0.75Vout @ 5Vin 20 18 Output Current (A) 16 14 12 10 300 LFM 8 6 200 LFM 4 100 LFM 2 0 LFM 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 Ambient Temperature ( oC) 1.2Vout @ 5Vin Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 13 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series 20 18 Output Current (A) 16 14 12 10 8 300 LFM 6 200 LFM 4 100 LFM 2 0 LFM 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 75 85 o Ambient Temperature ( C) 1.5Vout @ 5Vin 20 18 Output Current (A) 16 14 12 10 8 300 LFM 6 200 LFM 4 100 LFM 2 0 LFM 0 25 35 45 55 65 o Ambient Temperature ( C) 1.8Vout @ 5Vin Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 14 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series 20 18 Output Current (A) 16 14 12 10 8 300 LFM 6 200 LFM 4 100 LFM 2 0 LFM 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 o Ambient Temperature ( C) 2.5Vout @ 5Vin 20 18 Output Current (A) 16 14 12 10 300 LFM 8 200 LFM 6 4 100 LFM 2 0 LFM 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 o Ambient Temperature ( C) 3.3Vout @ 5Vin Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 15 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series APPENDIX C: MODULE PIN ASSIGNMENT PIN # +VIN Enable GND Sense DESIGNATION + Input Voltage ON/OFF Return for VIN and VO +Output Sense pin PIN # VO Trim DESIGNATION +Output VO Adjust Note: The pinout assignment of APA18T04-9 and APA18T04-9H are the same. APPENDIX D: MECHANICAL OUTLINE/DRAWING (for reference only) Figure 14. APA18 Mechanical Outline/ Drawing for Vertical type Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 16 OF 26 Technical Reference Note APA18T04 DC - DC Series Figure 15. APA18 Mechanical Outline/ Drawing for Horizontal type Pin Number P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 Pin Connection Vo Vo SENSE Vo GND GND Vin Vin TRIM ENABLE Function Output Voltage Output Voltage Sense Output Voltage Ground Ground Input Voltage Input Voltage Output Voltage Adjustment Output Voltage Enable Model: APA18T04 Series Date: Aug 2005 SH 17 OF 26