FEATURES High efficiency: 93.5% @ 12Vin, 5V/20A out Small size and low profile: (SIP) 50.8 x 12.7 x 9.5mm (2.00” x 0.50” x 0.37”) Standard footprint Voltage and resistor-based trim Pre-bias startup Output voltage tracking No minimum load required Output voltage programmable from 0.75Vdc to 5Vdc via external resistor Fixed frequency operation (300KHz) Input UVLO, output OTP, OCP Remote ON/OFF(default:positive) Remote sense ISO 9001, TL 9000, ISO 14001, QS 9000, OHSAS 18001 certified manufacturing facility UL/cUL 60950-1 (US & Canada), and TUV (EN60950-1) - pending Delphi DNL, Non-Isolated Point of Load DC/DC Power Modules: 8.3-14Vin, 0.75-5.0V/20A out The Delphi series DNL, 8.3~14V input, single output, non-isolated point OPTIONS Negative On/Off logic of load DC/DC converters are the latest offering from a world leader in power systems technology and manufacturing ― Delta Electronics, Inc. The DNL series provides a programmable output voltage from 0.75V to 5.0V through an external trimming resistor. The DNL converters have flexible and programmable tracking and sequencing features to enable a variety of sequencing and tracking between several point of load power modules. This product family is available in a surface mount or SIP package and provides up to 20A of output current in an industry standard APPLICATIONS footprint and pinout. With creative design technology and optimization of Telecom / DataCom component placement, these converters possess outstanding electrical Distributed power architectures and thermal performance and extremely high reliability under highly Servers and workstations LAN / WAN applications Data processing applications stressful operating conditions. PRELIMINARY DATASHEET DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TA = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 8.3Vdc and 14Vdc, nominal Vout unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER NOTES and CONDITIONS DNL10S0A0R20 Min. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage (Continuous) Tracking Voltage Operating Temperature Storage Temperature INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Maximum Input Current No-Load Input Current Off Converter Input Current Inrush Transient Recommended Input Fuse OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point Output Voltage Adjustable Range Output Voltage Regulation Over Line Over Load Over Temperature Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak RMS Output Current Range Output Voltage Over-shoot at Start-up Output DC Current-Limit Inception Output Short-Circuit Current (Hiccup mode) DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Dynamic Load Response Positive Step Change in Output Current Negative Step Change in Output Current Settling Time (Vo < 10% Peak Deviation ) Turn-On Transient Start-Up Time, From On/Off Control Start-Up Time, From Input Output Voltage Rise Time Output Capacitive Load EFFICIENCY Vo=0.75V Vo=1.0V Vo=1.2V Vo=1.5V Vo=1.8V Vo=2.0V Vo=2.5V Vo=3.3V Vo=5.0V FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency ON/OFF Control, (Negative logic) Logic Low Voltage Logic High Voltage Logic Low Current Logic High Current ON/OFF Control, (Positive Logic) Logic High Voltage Logic Low Voltage Logic High Current Logic Low Current Tracking Slew Rate Capability Tracking Delay Time Tracking Accuracy Remote Sense Range GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS MTBF Weight Over-Temperature Shutdown Refer to Figure 41 for the measuring point Vo,set≦3.63Vdc Vo,set＞3.63Vdc Typ. 0 0 -40 -55 8.3 8.3 12 12 Max. Units 15 Vin,max +120 +125 Vdc Vdc °C °C 14 13.2 7.9 7.8 Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max, Io=Io,max 0.4 15 V V A mA mA A2S A +2.0 5 % Vo,set V +3.5 % Vo,set % Vo,set % Vo,set % Vo,set 14.5 100 2 Vin= Vin,min to Vin,max, Io=Io,min to Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max Io=Io,min to Io,max Ta= -40℃ to 85℃ Over sample load, line and temperature 5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth Vin=min to max, Io=min to max.1µF ceramic, 100uF ceramic Vin=min to max, Io=min to max.1µF ceramic, 100uF ceramic -2.0 0.7525 Vo,set 0.3 0.4 0.4 -2.5 30 10 150 3 mV mV A % Vo,set % Io Adc 150 150 60 mVpk mVpk µs 0 Vout=3.3V Io,s/c 470uF poscap & 100µF+1uF ceramic load cap, 5A/µs, 50% Io, max to 100% Io, max 100% Io, max to 50% Io, max Io=Io.max Von/off, Vo=10% of Vo,set Vin=Vin,min, Vo=10% of Vo,set Time for Vo to rise from 10% to 90% of Vo,set Full load; ESR ≧1mΩ Full load; ESR ≧10mΩ, Vin<9.0V Full load; ESR ≧10mΩ, Vin≧9.0V 5 5 4 Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Module On, Von/off Module Off, Von/off Module On, Ion/off Module Off, Ion/off Module On, Von/off Module Off, Von/off Module On, Ion/off Module Off, Ion/off Delay from Vin.min to application of tracking voltage Power-up, subject to 2V/mS Power-down, subject to 1V/mS Io=80%Io, max, Ta=25℃ Refer to Figure 41 for the measuring point PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 V V 65 20 20 5 6 1000 3500 5000 ms ms ms µF µF µF 78.0 82.5 84.5 86.5 88.0 89.0 90.0 91.5 93.5 % % % % % % % % % 300 kHz -0.2 2.5 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.1 10 100 200 TBD 12 125 0.3 Vin,max 10 1 V V uA mA Vin,max 0.3 10 1 2 V V uA mA V/msec ms mV mV V 200 400 0.1 M hours grams °C 2 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES Figure 1: Converter efficiency vs. output current (0.75V output voltage). Figure 2: Converter efficiency vs. output current (1.0V output voltage). Figure 3: Converter efficiency vs. output current (1.2V output voltage). Figure 4: Converter efficiency vs. output current (1.5V output voltage). Figure 5: Converter efficiency vs. output current (1.8V output voltage). Figure 6: Converter efficiency vs. output current (2V output voltage). PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES Figure 7: Converter efficiency vs. output current (2.5V output voltage). Figure 8: Converter efficiency vs. output current (3.3V output voltage). Figure 9: Converter efficiency vs. output current (5.0V output voltage). Figure 10: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 0.75V/20A out. PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 Figure 11: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 1.2V/20A out. 4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES Figure 12: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 2.5V/20A out. Vin Vo Figure 14: Turn on delay time at 12vin, 5.0V/20A out. Figure 13: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 5V/20A out. Remote On/Off Vo Figure 15: Turn on delay time using Remote On/Off, at 12vin, 5.0V/20A out. Vin Remote On/Off Vo Vo Figure 16: Turn on delay with external capacitors (Co= 5000 µF), at 12vin, 5.0V/20A out. PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 Figure 17: Turn on Using Remote On/Off with external capacitors (Co= 5000 µF), 5.0V/20A out. 5 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES Vo Io Figure 18: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin, 0.75V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). Vo Io Figure 20: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin, 1.2V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). Vo Io Figure 22: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin, 2.5V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 Vo Io Figure 19: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 50% to 100% of Io, max at 12Vin, 0.75V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). Vo Io Figure 21: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin, 1.2V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). Vo Io Figure 23: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 50% to 100% of Io, max at 12Vin, 2.5V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). 6 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES Vo Io Figure 24: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin, 5.0V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). Vo Io Figure 25: Typical transient response to step load change at 5A/μS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin, 5.0V out (Cout = 1uF+ 100uF ceramic, 470uF poscap). Vin Vo Figure 26: Output short circuit current 12Vin, 0.75Vout (10A/div). PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 Figure 27: Turn on with Prebias 12Vin, 5V/0A out, Vbias =3.3Vdc. 7 TEST CONFIGURATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Input Source Impedance TO OSCILLOSCOPE L VI(+) 2 100uF Tantalum BATTERY VI(-) Note: Input reflected-ripple current is measured with a simulated source inductance. Current is measured at the input of the module. To maintain low-noise and ripple at the input voltage, it is critical to use low ESR capacitors at the input to the module. The models using 6x47uF low ESR tantalum capacitors (SANYO P/N:16TQC47M, 47uF/16V or equivalent) and 6x22 uF very low ESR ceramic capacitors (TDK P/N:C3225X7S1C226MT, 22uF/16V or equivalent) for example. The input capacitance should be able to handle an AC ripple current of at least: Figure 28: Input reflected-ripple test setup Irms = Iout Vout ⎛ Vout ⎞ ⎜1 − ⎟ Vin ⎝ Vin ⎠ Arms COPPER STRIP Vo 470uF 100uF SCOPE poscap ceramic Resistive Load GND Note: Use a 470μF poscap and 100μF ceramic. Scope measurement should be made using a BNC connector. Figure 29: Peak-peak output noise and startup transient measurement test setup CONTACT AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES VI Vo Io I LOAD SUPPLY GND CONTACT RESISTANCE Figure 30: Output voltage and efficiency measurement test setup Note: All measurements are taken at the module terminals. When the module is not soldered (via socket), place Kelvin connections at module terminals to avoid measurement errors due to contact resistance. η =( Vo × Io ) × 100 % Vi × Ii PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 8 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (CON.) FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS The power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. Highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the module. An input capacitance must be placed close to the modules input pins to filter ripple current and ensure module stability in the presence of inductive traces that supply the input voltage to the module. Remote On/Off Safety Considerations For safety-agency approval the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standards. For the converter output to be considered meeting the requirements of safety extra-low voltage (SELV), the input must meet SELV requirements. The power module has extra-low voltage (ELV) outputs when all inputs are ELV. The input to these units is to be provided with a maximum 18A of fast-acting fuse in the ungrounded lead. The DNL series power modules have an On/Off pin for remote On/Off operation. Both positive and negative On/Off logic options are available in the DNL series power modules. For positive logic module, connect an open collector (NPN) transistor or open drain (N channel) MOSFET between the On/Off pin and the GND pin (see figure 31). Positive logic On/Off signal turns the module ON during the logic high and turns the module OFF during the logic low. When the positive On/Off function is not used, leave the pin floating or tie to Vin (module will be On). For negative logic module, the On/Off pin is pulled high with an external pull-up resistor (see figure 32) Negative logic On/Off signal turns the module OFF during logic high and turns the module ON during logic low. If the negative On/Off function is not used, leave the pin floating or tie to GND. (module will be On) Vo Vin ION/OFF RL On/Off GND Figure 31: Positive remote On/Off implementation Vo Vin Rpull-up ION/OFF On/Off RL GND Figure 32: Negative remote On/Off implementation Over-Current Protection To provide protection in an output over load fault condition, the unit is equipped with internal over-current protection. When the over-current protection is triggered, the unit enters hiccup mode. The units operate normally once the fault condition is removed. PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 9 FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) Over-Temperature Protection The over-temperature protection consists of circuitry that provides protection from thermal damage. If the temperature exceeds the over-temperature threshold the module will shut down. The module will try to restart after shutdown. If the over-temperature condition still exists during restart, the module will shut down again. This restart trial will continue until the temperature is within specification Remote Sense The DNL provide Vo remote sensing to achieve proper regulation at the load points and reduce effects of distribution losses on output line. In the event of an open remote sense line, the module shall maintain local sense regulation through an internal resistor. The module shall correct for a total of 0.1V of loss. The remote sense line impedance shall be < 10Ω. Distribution Losses Distribution Losses Vin Vo For example, to program the output voltage of the DNL module to 3.3Vdc, Rtrim is calculated as follows: ⎛ 10500 − 1000 ⎞ ⋅ Ω ⎟ ⎝ 2.5475 ⎠ Rtrim := ⎜ Rtrim = 3.122 kΩ DNL can also be programmed by applying a voltage between the TRIM and GND pins (Figure 35). The following equation can be used to determine the value of Vtrim needed for a desired output voltage Vo: Vtrim := 0.7 − ⎡⎣( Vo − 0.7525) ⋅ 0.0667⎤⎦ Vtrim is the external voltage in V Vo is the desired output voltage For example, to program the output voltage of a DNL module to 3.3 Vdc, Vtrim is calculated as follows Vtrim := 0.7 − ( 2.5475⋅ 0.0667) Vtrim = 0.530V Sense RL GND Distribution Losses Distribution Losses Figure 33: Effective circuit configuration for remote sense operation Output Voltage Programming The output voltage of the DNL can be programmed to any voltage between 0.75Vdc and 5.0Vdc by connecting one resistor (shown as Rtrim in Figure 34) between the TRIM and GND pins of the module. Without this external resistor, the output voltage of the module is 0.7525 Vdc. To calculate the value of the resistor Rtrim for a particular output voltage Vo, please use the following equation: Figure 34: Circuit configuration for programming output voltage using an external resistor ⎛ 10500 − 1000 ⎞ ⋅ Ω ⎟ ⎝ Vo − 0.7525 ⎠ Rtrim := ⎜ Rtrim is the external resistor in Ω Vo is the desired output voltage PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 Figure 35: Circuit Configuration for programming output voltage using external voltage source 10 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) Table 1 provides Rtrim values required for some common output voltages, while Table 2 provides values of external voltage source, Vtrim, for the same common output voltages. By using a 1% tolerance trim resistor, set point tolerance of ±2% can be achieved as specified in the electrical specification. Table 1 VO (V) 0.7525 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 5.0 Rtrim (KΩ) Open 41.424 22.464 13.047 9.024 7.416 5.009 3.122 1.472 Table 2 VO (V) 0.7525 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 5.0 Vtrim (V) Open 0.6835 0.670 0.650 0.630 0.6168 0.583 0.530 0.4167 The amount of power delivered by the module is the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. When using the trim feature, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. Care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module must not exceed the maximum rated power (Vo.set x Io.max ≤ P max). Voltage Margining Output voltage margining can be implemented in the DNL modules by connecting a resistor, R margin-up, from the Trim pin to the ground pin for margining-up the output voltage and by connecting a resistor, Rmargin-down, from the Trim pin to the output pin for margining-down. Figure 36 shows the circuit configuration for output voltage margining. If unused, leave the trim pin unconnected. A calculation tool is available from the evaluation procedure, which computes the values of Rmargin-up and Rmargin-down for a specific output voltage and margin percentage. Vin Vo Rmargin-down Q1 On/Off Trim Rmargin-up Rtrim Q2 GND Figure 36: Circuit configuration for output voltage margining PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 11 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) PS1 +△V The output voltage tracking feature (Figure 37 to Figure 39) is achieved according to the different external connections. If the tracking feature is not used, the TRACK pin of the module can be left unconnected or tied to Vin. For proper voltage tracking, input voltage of the tracking power module must be applied in advance, and the remote on/off pin has to be in turn-on status. (Negative logic: Tied to GND or unconnected. Positive logic: Tied to Vin or unconnected) PS1 PS1 PS2 PS2 PS1 +ΔV PS2 PS2 PS1 +△V PS1 PS2 PS2 Figure 39: Ratio-metric Figure 37: Sequential start-up PS1 PS1 PS2 PS2 Figure 38: Simultaneous PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 12 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) Ratio-Metric Sequential Start-up Sequential start-up (Figure 37) is implemented by placing an On/Off control circuit between VoPS1 and the On/Off pin of PS2. PS1 For Ratio-Metric applications that need the outputs of PS1 and PS2 reach the regulation set point at the same time PS2 Vin Vin VoPS1 VoPS2 R3 The following equation can be used to calculate the value of R1 and R2. The suggested value of R2 is 10kΩ. On/Off R1 Q1 On/Off R2 Ratio–metric (Figure 39) is implemented by placing the voltage divider on the TRACK pin that comprises R1 and R2, to create a proportional voltage with VoPS1 to the Track pin of PS2. C1 Vo, PS 2 Vo , PS1 Simultaneous = R2 R1 + R2 PS1 Simultaneous tracking (Figure 38) is implemented by using the TRACK pin. The objective is to minimize the voltage difference between the power supply outputs during power up and down. The simultaneous tracking can be accomplished by connecting VoPS1 to the TRACK pin of PS2. Please note the voltage apply to TRACK pin needs to always higher than the VoPS2 set point voltage. PS2 Vin Vin VoPS1 VoPS2 R1 TRACK R2 On/Off On/Off The high for positive logic The low for negative logic PS2 PS1 Vin Vin VoPS1 VoPS2 TRACK On/Off On/Off PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 13 THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Thermal management is an important part of the system design. To ensure proper, reliable operation, sufficient cooling of the power module is needed over the entire temperature range of the module. Convection cooling is usually the dominant mode of heat transfer. Hence, the choice of equipment to characterize the thermal performance of the power module is a wind tunnel. Thermal Testing Setup Delta’s DC/DC power modules are characterized in heated vertical wind tunnels that simulate the thermal environments encountered in most electronics equipment. This type of equipment commonly uses vertically mounted circuit cards in cabinet racks in which the power modules are mounted. The following figure shows the wind tunnel characterization setup. The power module is mounted on a test PWB and is vertically positioned within the wind tunnel. The height of this fan duct is constantly kept at 25.4mm (1’’). Thermal Derating Heat can be removed by increasing airflow over the module. To enhance system reliability, the power module should always be operated below the maximum operating temperature. If the temperature exceeds the maximum module temperature, reliability of the unit may be affected. PWB FACING PWB MODULE AIR VELOCITY AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MEASURED BELOW THE MODULE 50.8 (2.0”) AIR FLOW 12.7 (0.5”) 25.4 (1.0”) Note: Wind Tunnel Test Setup Figure Dimensions are in millimeters and (Inches) Figure 40: Wind tunnel test setup PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 14 THERMAL CURVES DNL10S0A020PFB Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity @ Vin =12V, Vout =3.3V (Either Orientation) Output Current (A) 25 20 Natural Convection 15 100LFM 400LFM 200LFM 500LFM 300LFM 600LFM 10 5 0 25 Figure 41: Temperature measurement location * The allowed maximum hot spot temperature is defined at 120℃. 45 55 65 75 85 Ambient Temperature (℃) Figure 44: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=3.3V(Either Orientation) DNL10S0A020PFB Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity @ Vin =12V, Vout =1.2V (Either Orientation) 25 35 DNL10S0A020PFB Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity @ Vin =12V, Vout =5V (Either Orientation) Output Current (A) 25 Output Current (A) 20 20 Natural Convection 15 10 Natural Convection 300LFM 100LFM 400LFM 200LFM 500LFM 15 100LFM 400LFM 200LFM 500LFM 300LFM 600LFM 10 5 5 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 Ambient Temperature (℃) Figure42: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=1.2V(Either Orientation) 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 Ambient Temperature (℃) Figure 45: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=5.0V(Either Orientation) DNL10S0A020PFB Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity @ Vin =12V, Vout =2.5V (Either Orientation) 25 Output Current (A) 20 15 Natural Convection 10 100LFM 400LFM 200LFM 500LFM 300LFM 600LFM 5 0 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 Ambient Temperature (℃) Figure 43: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=2.5V(Either Orientation) PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 15 MECHANICAL DRAWING SIP PACKAGE PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 16 PART NUMBERING SYSTEM DNL 10 S 0A0 R 20 P Product Series Input Voltage Numbers of Outputs Output Voltage Package Type Output Current On/Off logic DNL - 16/20A 10 - 8.3V ~14V S - Single 0A0 - R - SIP 20 -20A Programmable S - SMD DNM -10A P - Positive N - Negative F D Option Code F - RoHS 6/6 (Lead Free) B - No Tracking Pin D - Standard Functions DNS - 6A MODEL LIST Model Name Packaging Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Current On/Off logic Efficiency 12Vin @ 100% load DNL10S0A0R20PFD SIP 8.3V ~ 14V 0.75V ~ 5.0V 20A Positive 93.5% (5.0V) DNL10S0A0R20PFB SIP 8.3V ~ 14V 0.75V ~ 5.0V 20A Positive 93.5% (5.0V) CONTACT: www.delta.com.tw/dcdc USA: Telephone: East Coast: (888) 335 8201 West Coast: (888) 335 8208 Fax: (978) 656 3964 Email: [email protected] Europe: Phone: +41 31 998 53 11 Fax: +41 31 998 53 53 Email: [email protected] Asia & the rest of world: Telephone: +886 3 4526107 ext 6220 Fax: +886 3 4513485 Email: [email protected] WARRANTY Delta offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our web site or is available upon request from Delta. Information furnished by Delta is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Delta for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties, which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Delta. Delta reserves the right to revise these specifications at any time, without notice. PRELIMINARY DS_DNL10SIP20_10132008 17