Order Now Product Folder Technical Documents Support & Community Tools & Software LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 LM3411-L Precision Secondary Regulator and Driver 1 Features 3 Description • The LM3411-L is a low-power fixed-voltage (3.3 V or 5 V) precision shunt regulator designed specifically for driving an optoisolator to provide feedback isolation in a switching regulator. Fixed Voltages of 3.3 V and 5 V With Initial Tolerance of ±1% for Standard Grade and ±0.5% for A Grade Custom Voltages Available (3 V to 17 V) Wide Output Current Range (20 μA to 15 mA) Low Temperature Coefficient Available in 5-Pin SOT-23 Surface-Mount Package (Tape and Reel) 1 • • • • 2 Applications • Secondary Controller for Isolated DC-DC PWM Switching Regulators Systems Use With LDO Regulator for High-Precision, Fixed-Output Regulators Precision Monitoring Applications Use With Many Types of Regulators to Increase Precision and Improve Performance • • • The LM3411-L circuitry includes an internally compensated operational amplifier, a bandgap reference, NPN output transistor, and voltage setting resistors. A trimmed precision bandgap reference with temperature drift curvature correction provides a ensured 1% precision over the operating temperature range (A grade version). The inverting input of the amplifier is externally accessible for loop frequency compensation when used as part of a larger servo system. The output is an open-emitter NPN transistor capable of driving up to 15 mA of load current. Because of its small die size, the LM3411-L has been made available in the subminiature 5-pin SOT-23 surface-mount package. This package is ideal for use in space-critical applications. Although its main application is to provide a precision output voltage (no trimming required) and maintain very good regulation in isolated DC-DC converters, it can also be used with other types of voltage regulators or power semiconductors to provide a precision output voltage without precision resistors or trimming. Device Information(1) PART NUMBER LM3411-L PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM) SOT-23 (5) 2.90 mm × 1.60 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet. Typical Application Schematic LM3411-L Functional Diagram V+ Isolation Barrier (+) IN + Simplified Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) (Primary Side) + 1.23 V Regulated Output Voltage Output + (+) Feedback OUT IN OUT + 31 k COMP. ± COMP. Rf LM3411-L CC Opto-isolator (-) GND (-) GND Rf, 52 k for 3.3 V 94 k for 5 V Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Features .................................................................. Applications ........................................................... Description ............................................................. Revision History..................................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 1 1 1 2 3 4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... ESD Ratings.............................................................. Recommended Operating Conditions....................... Thermal Information .................................................. Electrical Characteristics: 3.3-V Version................... Electrical Characteristics: 5-V Version...................... Typical Characteristics .............................................. 8.3 Feature Description................................................. 12 8.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 12 9 Application and Implementation ........................ 13 9.1 Application Information............................................ 13 9.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 13 10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 24 11 Layout................................................................... 24 11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 24 11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 24 12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 25 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Parameter Measurement Information .................. 9 Detailed Description ............................................ 11 8.1 Overview ................................................................. 11 8.2 Functional Block Diagrams ..................................... 11 Documentation Support ........................................ Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates Community Resources.......................................... Trademarks ........................................................... Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ Glossary ................................................................ 25 25 25 25 25 25 13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........................................................... 25 4 Revision History NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version. 2 DATE REVISION NOTES June 2017 * Initial release. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 5 Pin Configuration and Functions DBV Package 5-Pin SOT-23 Top View +IN 1 GND 2 ² 3 5 OUT 4 COMP Pin Functions PIN NO. NAME I/O DESCRIPTION 1 +IN I 2 GND I/O Output measurement pin Ground pin 3 — — No internal connection, but must be soldered to printed-circuit board for best heat transfer. 4 COMP I/O Operational amplifier inverting input pin 5 OUT O Optocoupler drive pin Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 3 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com 6 Specifications 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2) MIN MAX UNIT 20 V Input voltage, VIN Output current 20 mA Power dissipation (TA = 25°C) (3) 300 mW Lead temperature Vapor phase (60 s) 215 Infrared (15 s) 220 Junction temperature Storage temperature, Tstg (1) (2) (3) –65 °C 150 °C 150 °C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. See AN-450 Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability (SNOA742) for methods on soldering surface-mount devices. The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), RθJA (junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is (PDmax = TJmax – TA) / RθJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. The typical thermal resistance (RθJA) when soldered to a printed-circuit board is approximately 306°C/W for the DBV package. 6.2 ESD Ratings V(ESD) (1) Electrostatic discharge Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 VALUE UNIT ±1500 V (1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) MIN VI Input voltage IO Output current TA Ambient temperature TJ Operating junction temperature (1) LM3411x 3.3-V NOM MAX 3.3 LM3411x 5-V V 5 0 UNIT 15 mA –40 85 °C –40 125 °C The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), RθJA (junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is (PDmax = TJmax − TA)/RθJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. The typical thermal resistance (RθJA) when soldered to a printed-circuit board is approximately 306°C/W for the DBV package. 6.4 Thermal Information LM3411-L THERMAL METRIC DBV (SOT-23) UNIT 5 PINS RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 178.6 °C/W RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 134.7 °C/W RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 37.3 °C/W ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 24.7 °C/W ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 36.8 °C/W RθJC(bot) Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance — °C/W 4 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 6.5 Electrical Characteristics: 3.3-V Version Specifications are for TJ = 25°C, VIN = VREG, and VOUT = 1.5 V (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER LM3411A 3.3-V Regulation voltage IOUT = 5 mA LM3411-L 3.3-V VREG LM3411-A 3.3-V Regulation voltage tolerance IOUT = 5 mA LM3411-L 3.3-V LM3411-A 3.3-V Iq Quiescent current IOUT = 5 mA LM3411-L 3.3-V LM3411-A 3.3-V 20 μA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1 mA LM3411-L 3.3-V Gm Transconductance ΔIOUT/ΔVREG LM3411-A 3.3-V 1 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 15 mA LM3411-L 3.3-V LM3411-A 3.3-V RL = 140 Ω (3) LM3411-L 3.3-V AV Voltage gain ΔVOUT/ΔVREG LM3411-A 3.3-V RL = 2 kΩ LM3411-L 3.3-V LM3411-A 3.3-V VSAT Output saturation (4) VIN = VREG + 100 mV, IOUT = 15 mA LM3411-L 3.3-V LM3411-A 3.3-V IL Output leakage current VIN = VREG – 100 mV, VOUT = 0 V LM3411-L 3.3-V Rf Internal feedback resistor En Output noise voltage (1) (2) (3) (4) MIN (1) TYP (2) MAX (1) TJ = 25°C 3.284 3.3 3.317 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 3.267 TJ = 25°C 3.267 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 3.234 TEST CONDITIONS 3.333 3.3 3.333 3.366 TJ = 25°C ±1% TJ = 25°C ±1% –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C ±2% TJ = 25°C 85 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 85 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C TJ = 25°C 3.3 0.75 1 0.5 TJ = 25°C 3.3 3.3 mA/mV 6 2 TJ = 25°C 2.5 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1.7 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 550 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 250 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 450 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 200 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 1500 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 900 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 1000 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 700 6 1000 1000 V/V TJ = 25°C 3500 3500 1 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1.2 1.3 TJ = 25°C 1 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1.2 V 1.3 TJ = 25°C 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1 TJ = 25°C –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C μA 1 LM3411-A 3.3-V 39 52 65 LM3411-L 3.3-V 39 52 65 IOUT = 1 mA, 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz μA 125 150 1.5 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 110 115 TJ = 25°C –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C V ±0.5% –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C TJ = 25°C UNIT 50 kΩ μVRMS Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are ensured through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate TIs Averaging Outgoing Level (AOQL). Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely parametric norm. Actual test is done using equivalent current sink instead of a resistor load. VSAT = VIN – VOUT, when the voltage at the IN pin is forced 100 mV above the nominal regulating voltage (VREG). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 5 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com 6.6 Electrical Characteristics: 5-V Version Specifications are for TJ = 25°C, VIN = VREG, and VOUT = 1.5 V (unless otherwise noted). PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM3411-A 5-V Regulation voltage IOUT = 5 mA LM3411-L 5-V VREG LM3411-A 5-V Regulation voltage tolerance IOUT = 5 mA LM3411-L 5-V LM3411-A 5-V Iq Quiescent current IOUT = 5 mA LM3411-L 5-V LM3411-A 5-V 20 μA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1 mA LM3411-L 5-V Gm Transconductance ΔIOUT/ΔVREG LM3411-A 5-V 1 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 15 mA LM3411-L 5-V LM3411-A 5-V RL = 250 Ω (3) LM3411-L 5-V AV Voltage gain ΔVOUT/ΔVREG LM3411-A 5-V RL = 2 kΩ LM3411-L 5-V LM3411-A 5-V VSAT Output saturation (4) VIN = VREG + 100 mV, IOUT = 15 mA LM3411-L 5-V LM3411-A 5-V IL Output leakage current VIN = VREG – 100 mV, VOUT = 0 V LM3411-L 5-V Rf Internal feedback resistor En Output noise voltage (1) (2) (3) (4) 6 TJ = 25°C MIN (1) TYP (2) MAX (1) 4.975 5 5.025 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 4.95 TJ = 25°C 4.95 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 5.05 5 4.9 5.05 5.1 TJ = 25°C ±0.5% –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C ±1% TJ = 25°C ±1% –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 85 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 85 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C TJ = 25°C 125 μA 150 1.5 3.3 0.75 1 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 0.5 TJ = 25°C 3.3 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 110 115 TJ = 25°C –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C V ±2% TJ = 25°C TJ = 25°C UNIT 3.3 mA/mV 6 2 TJ = 25°C 2.5 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1.7 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 750 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 350 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 650 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 300 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 1500 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 900 TJ = 25°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.2 V 1000 −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C, 1 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VREG – 1.3 V 700 6 1000 1000 V/V TJ = 25°C 3500 3500 1 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1.2 1.3 TJ = 25°C 1 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1.2 V 1.3 TJ = 25°C 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C 1 TJ = 25°C –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C μA 1 LM3411-A 5-V 70 94 118 LM3411-L 5-V 70 94 118 IOUT = 1 mA, 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz 80 kΩ μVRMS Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are ensured through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate TIs Averaging Outgoing Level (AOQL). Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely parametric norm. Actual test is done using equivalent current sink instead of a resistor load. VSAT = VIN – VOUT, when the voltage at the IN pin is forced 100 mV above the nominal regulating voltage (VREG). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 6.7 Typical Characteristics Figure 1. Normalized Temperature Drift Figure 2. Quiescent Current Figure 3. Output Saturation Voltage, VSAT Figure 4. Bode Plot Figure 5. Bode Plot Figure 6. Bode Plot Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 7 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) 8 Figure 7. Response Time for 3.3-V Version (CC = 0 pF) Figure 8. Response Time for 3.3-V Version (CC = 10 nF) Figure 9. Response Time for 5-V Version (CC = 0 pF) Figure 10. Response Time for 5-V Version (CC = 10 nF) Figure 11. Tempco of Internal Feedback Resistor (Rf) Figure 12. Regulation Voltage Change vs Output Current Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 Typical Characteristics (continued) Figure 13. Regulation Voltage vs Output Voltage and Load Resistance Figure 14. Regulation Voltage vs Output Voltage and Load Resistance 7 Parameter Measurement Information +VS 5 mA 1k ¨9REG 500 + (+) ¨9OUT 10 µF CC IN 100 mV OUT LM3411-L COMP. 300 50 (-) GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 15. Circuit Used for Bode Plots Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 9 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Parameter Measurement Information (continued) +VS 510 VREG (+) CC IN OUT VOUT LM3411-L COMP. 200 (-) GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 16. Circuit Used for Response Time 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 8 Detailed Description 8.1 Overview The LM3411-L is a shunt regulator specifically designed to be the reference and control section in an overall feedback loop of a regulated power supply. The regulated output voltage is sensed between the IN pin and GROUND pin of the LM3411-L. If the voltage at the IN pin is less than the LM3411-L regulating voltage (VREG), the OUT pin sources no current. As the voltage at the IN pin approaches the VREG voltage, the OUT pin begins sourcing current. This current is then used to drive a feedback device, (optocoupler) or a power device (linear regulator, switching regulator, and so forth) which serves the output voltage to be the same value as VREG. In some applications (even under normal operating conditions), the voltage on the IN pin can be forced above the VREG voltage. In these instances, the maximum voltage applied to the IN pin should not exceed 20 V. In addition, an external resistor may be required on the OUT pin to limit the maximum current to 20 mA. 8.2 Functional Block Diagrams (+) IN 1.23 V + OUT + 31 k COMP. ± Rf (-) GND Rf, 52 k for 3.3 V 94 k for 5 V Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 17. LM3411-L Functional Diagram Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 11 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Functional Block Diagrams (continued) Bandgap Reference trim Q14 Q5 Q6 R10 51 k R4 25.5 k Q1 R12 Q13 110 k Q12 Q21 Q19 R11 60 k Q20 C1 8p C3 3p Q2 R2 130 k R5 20 k C2 5p Q7 R6 10 k R3 69 k Q24 Q15 Q22 Q16 Q23 Q8 R7 45 k R1 30.75 k Q11 Q17 R14 66 k Q18 Q9 R9 40 k Q4 COMP. Q3 Rf R8 6k Q10 R13 3.3 k GND D1 R15 1k OUT Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 18. Detailed Schematic 8.3 Feature Description The LM3411-L device contain an internal operational amplifier, precision reference, feedback resister divider, and a bi-polar transistor suitable for driving an optocoupler. The divider resistor is sized such that the system will regulate the +IN pin to either 3.3 V or 5 V depending on the device version used. By connecting a feedback network from the OUT pin to the COMP pin, local compensation is implemented to stabilize the system. 8.4 Device Functional Modes The primary mode of operation for the LM3411-L is as a shunt regulator. In addition the device has robust overcurrent protection. These features make it applicable to a wide range of applications ranging from isolated feedback control to traditional shunt regulation. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 9 Application and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 9.1 Application Information The LM3411-L is a high-efficiency shunt regulator optimized for driving an opto-coupler in an isolated feedback system. This enables accurate regulation of the output voltage as well as convenient drive to the opto-coupler in a small SOT-23 package. In addition to isolated feedback systems the LM3411-L is also applicable to a wide variety of linear regulator applications. 9.2 Typical Applications 9.2.1 LM3411-L Typical Application Figure 19 shows a typical use case for the LM3411-L. Here, the device is used as a precision shunt regulator to control the output voltage of a switching power supply. The LM3411-L provides the functionality necessary to drive the external opto-coupler, an on-board reference necessary for precision control of the DC output voltage, and an on-board operational amplifier for providing the necessary compensation to optimize the transient performance of the system. V+ Isolation Barrier + Simplified Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) (Primary Side) + Regulated Output Voltage Output (+) Feedback IN OUT COMP. LM3411-L CC (-) Opto-isolator GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 19. LM3411-L Typical Application Schematic 9.2.1.1 Design Requirements The following sections provide a variety of application level design examples. See the following for the basic requirements. ● Isolated flyback converter example is 5 V with 250 mA. ● Isolated flyback converter example is 3.3 V or 5 V with 1.5 A. ● Buck converter example is 5 V with 1 A. ● Flyback converter example is VIN = –20 V to –10 V and VOUT = –5 V with 1 A. ● Low dropout linear regulator example is 5 V with 1 A. ● Low dropout linear regulator example is 3.3 V and 0.5 A. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 13 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) ● Precision positive voltage regulator with accurate current limit is VIN = 9 V to 20 V and VOUT = 5 V. ● Negative voltage regulator example is VIN = –8 V to –20 V and VOUT = –5 V. ● 250-mA shunt regulator example is VOUT = 5 V. 9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure 9.2.1.2.1 Compensation The inverting input of the error amplifier is brought out to allow overall closed-loop compensation. In many of the applications circuits shown in the subsequent sections, compensation is provided by a single capacitor connected from the compensation pin to the out pin of the LM3411-L. The capacitor values shown in the schematics accompanying these sections are adequate under most conditions, but they can be increased or decreased depending on the desired loop response. Applying a load pulse to the output of a regulator circuit and observing the resultant output voltage response is a easy method of determining the stability of the control loop. Analyzing more complex feedback loops requires additional information. The formula for AC gain at a frequency (f) as in Equation 1. Gain (f ) 1 where Z f (f ) Z f (f ) Rf 1 j u 2S u f u C where • • Rf ≈ 52 kΩ for the 3.3-V part Rf ≈ 94 kΩ for the 5-V part (1) The resistor (Rf) in the formula is an internal resistor located on the die. Since this resistor value will affect the phase margin, the worst case maximum and minimum values are important when analyzing closed loop stability. The minimum and maximum room temperature values of this resistor are specified in Electrical Characteristics: 3.3-V Version of this data sheet, and Figure 11 shows the temperature coefficient from Typical Characteristics. In the applications shown in the subsequent sections, the worst case phase margin occurs with minimum values of Rf. 9.2.1.2.2 Test Circuit The test circuit shown in Figure 20 can be used to measure and verify various LM3411-L parameters. Test conditions are set by forcing the appropriate voltage at the VOUT Set test point and selecting the appropriate RL or IOUT as specified in Electrical Characteristics. Use a DVM at the measure test points to read the data. 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 Typical Applications (continued) 100 1N4148 (+) IN 1.23 V 100 pF + + +V op-amp LM6218 (dual) ± V = ± 15 V measure VREG ½ OA OUT ± COMP. ± 100 k + LM3411-L Device Under Test -V VOUT Set (Voltage range from 0 V to VREG ± 1.2 V) ( - ) GND 10 k 10 pF IOUT IN5817 RL +V -V ± ½ OA + 100 measure IQ 100 µA /V -V Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 20. LM3411-L Test Circuit 9.2.1.3 Application Curves Figure 21. Regulation Voltage vs Output Voltage and Load Resistance Figure 22. Regulation Voltage vs Output Voltage and Load Resistance Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 15 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.2 Isolated 250-mA Flyback Switching Regulator Input Voltage +10 V to +20 V 51 k 100 pF -in VIN +in CL Regulated Output +5 V, 250 mA Lp = 100 µH 1N5819 1:1 330 µF 20 pF osc LM3578 GND comm. Col Em + 10 µF 1 nF 100 nF 0.2 (+) 10 nF 510 k 12 k 200 OUT LM3411-L -5.0 (-) Opto-coupler IN COMP. GND 4N28 Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 23. Isolated 250-mA Flyback Switching Regulator Schematic 9.2.2.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this isolated flyback converter example are 5 V with 250 mA. 9.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure The LM3411-L regulator or driver provides the reference and feedback drive functions in a regulated power supply. It can also be used together with many different types of regulators, (both linear and switching) as well as other power semiconductor devices to add precision and improve regulation specifications. Output voltage tolerances better than 0.5% are possible without using trim pots or precision resistors. One of the main applications of the LM3411-L is to drive an opto-isolator to provide feedback signal isolation in a switching regulator circuit. For low current applications (up to 250 mA), see Figure 23 for a circuit that provides good regulation and complete input and output electrical isolation. For an input voltage of 15 V, this circuit can provide an output of either 3.3 V or 5 V with a load current up to 250 mA with excellent regulation characteristics. With the part values shown, this circuit operates at 80 kHz, and can be synchronized to a clock or an additional LM3578. See LM3578A's data sheet (SNVS767) for additional information. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.3 Isolated 1.5-A Flyback Switching Regulator +VIN Lp = 150 µH 1:1 47 µF 1N5821 3.3 V or 5.0 V, 1.5 A + 11DF1 5 + 2 nF 100 10 V - 20 V + V+ 100 k LM2577 -ADJ + 1000 µF 2k Regulated Output 4.7 µF Tant. 4 1 Comm. Switch 100 nF Comp FB 3 2 GND 4N28 5 470 k 0.47 µF Optocoupler 200 OUT 1 6 (+) IN LM3411-L 3.3 / 5.0 Comp. 100 nF ( - ) GND 4 1Ÿ 200 2 100 nF Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 24. Isolated 1.5-A Flyback Switching Regulator Using a LM2577 9.2.3.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this isolated flyback converter example are 3.3 V or 5 V with 1.5 A. 9.2.3.2 Detailed Design Procedure An isolated DC-DC flyback converter capable of higher output current is shown in Figure 24. This circuit uses the LM2577 SIMPLE SWITCHER voltage regulator for the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), power switch, and protection functions, while LM3411-L provides the voltage reference, gain, and opto-coupler drive functions. In this circuit, the reference and error amplifier in the LM2577 are not used (note that the feedback pin is grounded). The gain is provided by LM3411-L. Since the voltage reference is located on the secondary side of the transformer, this circuit provides very good regulation specifications. The output of a switching regulator typically will contain a small ripple voltage at the switching frequency and may also contain voltage transients. These transient voltage spikes can be sensed by the LM3411-L and could give an incorrect regulation voltage. An RC filter consisting of a 1-Ω resistor and a 100-nF capacitor will filter these transients and minimize this problem. The 1-Ω resistor should be located on the ground side of the LM3411-L, and the capacitor should be physically located near the package. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 17 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.4 Precision 1-A Buck Regulator FB Input +7 V to + 40 V +VIN LM2575 Adj 150 µH Output Output +5 V, 1 A 51 k GND ON / OFF (+) + 47 µF 470 µF OUT 1N5818 100 nF 4.7 k IN LM3411-L - 5.0 (-) GND 4.7 nF COMP. 1Ÿ Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 25. Precision 1-A Buck Regulator Schematic 9.2.4.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this precision buck converter example are 5 V with 1 A. 9.2.4.2 Detailed Design Procedure Improved output voltage tolerance and regulation specifications are possible by combining the LM3411A with one of the SIMPLE SWITCHER buck regulator IC's, such as the LM2574, LM2575, or LM2576. Figure 25 shows a circuit capable of providing a 5-V, ±0.5% output (1% over the operating temperature range) without using any trim-pots or precision resistors. Typical line regulation numbers are a 1 mV change on the output for a 8 V to 18 V change on the input, and load regulation of 1 mV with a load change from 100 mA to 1 A. 9.2.5 Negative Input, Negative or Positive Output Flyback Regulator 1N5819 Lp = 150 µH +VIN 1k Output LM2575-Adj + 1:1 GND ON / OFF + (+) 470 µF OUT FB 47 µF 1N 5819 0.1 µF IN LM3411-L - 5.0 4.7 nF COMP. 10 k (-) GND 1 Ÿ Regulated Output -5 V, 1 A + 47 µF 1k 1 k 2N3906 Input Voltage -10 V to -20 V Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 26. Negative Input, Negative or Positive Output Flyback Regulator Schematic 9.2.5.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this flyback converter example are VIN = –20 V to –10 V and VOUT = –5 V with 1 A. 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.5.2 Detailed Design Procedure A DC-DC flyback converter that accepts a negative input voltage, and delivers either a positive or negative output is shown in Figure 26. The circuit uses a buck regulator (such as the LM2574, LM2575, or LM2576, depending on how much output current is needed) operating in a flyback configuration. The LM3411-L provides the reference and the required level shifting circuitry needed to make the circuit work correctly. A unique feature of this circuit is the ability to ground either the high or low side of the output, thus generating either a negative or a positive output voltage. Although no isolation is provided, with the addition of an optoisolator and related components, this circuit could provide input/output isolation. Combining a LM3411A 5-V version with a 1-A low dropout linear regulator results in a 5 V ±0.5% (1% over the operating temperature range) regulator with excellent regulation specifications, with no trimming or 1% resistors needed. An added benefit of this circuit (and also true of many of the other circuits shown) is the high-side and low-side remote output voltage sensing feature. Sensing the output voltage at the load eliminates the voltage drops associated with wire resistance, thus providing near perfect load regulation. 9.2.6 Precision 5-V, 1-A Low Dropout Regulator +VIN VIN > 5.6 V Output Voltage Output ON / OFF +5 V 1A LM2941 100 1 nF GND ADJ. pF + 1 µF (+) 10 k OUT 12 k IN LM3411-L - 5.0 (-) + 22 µF COMP. GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 27. Precision 5-V, 1-A Low Dropout Regulator 9.2.6.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this precision low dropout linear regulator example are 5 V with 1 A. 9.2.6.2 Detailed Design Procedure Figure 27 shows a 5-V, 1-A regulator circuit featuring low dropout, very good regulation specifications, selfprotection features, and allows output voltage sensing. The regulator used is a LM2941 adjustable low dropout positive regulator, which also features an ON/OFF pin to provide a shutdown feature. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 19 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.7 3.3-V, 0.5-A Low Dropout Regulator D41D5 +VIN Output + 3.3 V 500 mA 3.3 k 6.2 k 2N2222 0.1 µF OUT (2) 1N4148 (+) + IN 47 µF COMP. LM3411-L 3.3 1 nF 51 (-) GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 28. 3.3-V, 0.5-A Low Dropout Regulator Schematic 9.2.7.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this low dropout linear regulator example are 3.3 V and 0.5 A. 9.2.7.2 Detailed Design Procedure The circuit in Figure 28 shows a 3.3-V low dropout regulator using the LM3411-3.3 and several discrete components. This circuit is capable of excellent performance with both the dropout voltage and the ground pin current specifications improved over the LM2941 and LM3411-L circuit. 9.2.8 Precision Positive Voltage Regulator With Accurate Current Limit Input Voltage +VIN VOUT Output Voltage +5 V RS LM317 9 V ± 20 V ICL = + 62 k 240 47 µF 300 pF 1.25 RS ADJ. (+) OUT 2N3904 2k IN + LM3411-L COMP. -5.0 (-) 1 µF GND 100 Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 29. Precision Positive Voltage Regulator With Accurate Current Limit Schematic 9.2.8.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this precision positive voltage regulator with accurate current limit are VIN = 9 V to 20 V and VOUT = 5 V. 9.2.8.2 Detailed Design Procedure The standard LM317 three terminal adjustable regulator circuit can greatly benefit by adding a LM3411-L. Performance is increased and features are added. Figure 29 shows a circuit capable of providing further improved line and load regulation, lower temperature drift, and full remote output voltage sensing on both the high and low side. In addition, a precise current limit or constant current feature is simple to add. 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 Typical Applications (continued) Current limit protection in most IC regulators is mainly to protect the IC from gross overcurrent conditions which could otherwise fuse bonding wires or blow IC metalization, therefore not much precision is needed for the actual current limit values. Current limit tolerances can sometimes vary from ±10% to as high as +300% over manufacturing and temperature variations. Often critical circuitry requires a much tighter control over the amount of current the power supply can deliver. For example, a power supply may be needed that can deliver 100% of its design current, but can still limit the maximum current to 110% to protect critical circuitry from high current fault conditions. The circuit in Figure 29 can provide a current limit accuracy that is better than ±4%, over all possible variations, in addition to having excellent line, load, and temperature specifications. 9.2.9 Precision Negative Voltage Regulator 1 nF (+) + 1 µF IN + OUT (-) ADJ. VIN LM3411-L -5.0 1 µF tant. COMP. GND VOUT Output Voltage -5 V, 1.5 A LM337 -VIN = -8 V to -20 V Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 30. Precision Negative Voltage Regulator Schematic (+) IN + + 1 µF OUT LM3411-L -5.0 COMP. 1 µF tant. 300 pF ADJ. 240 ( -) GND RS - 9 V to - 20 V -5 V LM337 -VIN VOUT 1.25 ICL = RS Output Voltage Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 31. Precision Negative Voltage Regulator With Accurate Current Limit 9.2.9.1 Design Requirements The design requirements for this negative voltage regulator example are VIN = –8 V to –20 V and VOUT = –5 V. 9.2.9.2 Detailed Design Procedure Like the positive regulators, the performance of negative adjustable regulators can also be improved by adding the LM3411-L. Output voltages of either 3.3 V or 5 V at currents up to 1.5 A (3 A when using a LM333) are possible. Adding two resistors to the circuit in Figure 30 adds the precision current limit feature as shown in Figure 31. Current limit tolerances of ±4% over manufacturing and temperature variations are possible with this circuit. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 21 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.10 4.7-V Power ON Detector With Hysteresis V+ (+) 100 mV Hysteresis COMP. 2.85 M IN LM3411-L -5.0 (-) OUT GND 1.06 M 100 k 560 100 pF 2N2222 Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 32. 4.7-V Power ON Detector With Hysteresis Schematic 9.2.10.1 Detailed Design Procedure Figure 32 shows a simple 5-V supply monitor circuit. Using the LM3411-L's voltage reference, operational amplifier (as a comparator) and output driver, this circuit provides a LED indication of the presence of the 5-V supply. 9.2.11 ±50-mV External Trim V+ (+) IN COMP. 100 k 2.4 M 100 k LM3411-L -5.0 (-) OUT To Additional Circuitry GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 33. ±50-mV External Trim Schematic 9.2.11.1 Detailed Design Procedure The LM3411-L initial room temperature tolerance is ±1% and ±0.5% for the A grade part. If a tighter tolerance is needed, see Figure 33 for a trim scheme that provides approximately ±1% adjustment range of the regulation voltage (VREG). 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.12 250-mA Shunt Regulator V+ 150 µA to 250 mA R +5 V (+) COMP. IN OUT LM3411-L -5.0 TIP29 1k (-) GND Heat Sink Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 34. 250-mA Shunt Regulator Schematic 9.2.12.1 Design Requirements The design requirement for this 250-mA shunt regulator example is VOUT = 5 V. 9.2.12.2 Detailed Design Procedure The LM3411-L is ensured to drive a 15 mA load, but if more current is needed, a NPN boost transistor can be added. Figure 34 shows a shunt regulator capable of providing excellent regulation over a very wide range of current. 9.2.13 Voltage Detector V+ (+) COMP. IN LM3411-L -5.0 (-) OUT Output R GND Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 35. Voltage Detector Schematic 9.2.13.1 Detailed Design Procedure Perhaps one of the simplest applications for the LM3411-L is the voltage detector circuit shown in Figure 35. The OUT pin is low when the input voltage is less than VREG. When the VIN pin rises above VREG, the OUT pin is pulled high by the internal NPN output resistor. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 23 LM3411-L SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 9.2.14 Overvoltage Crowbar Circuit Breaker V+ (OUT) V+ (IN) 110 k* COMP. (+) IN LM3411-L -5.0 SCR OUT 200 Ÿ ea (-) GND *sets trip voltage to 6 V Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Figure 36. Overvoltage Crowbar Schematic 9.2.14.1 Detailed Design Procedure Also an overvoltage detector, the crowbar circuit shown in Figure 36 is normally located at the output of a power supply to protect the load from an overvoltage condition should the power supply fail with an input/output short. 10 Power Supply Recommendations The output of a switching regulator typically will contain a small ripple voltage at the switching frequency and may also contain voltage transients. These transient voltage spikes can be sensed by the LM3411-L and could give an incorrect regulation voltage. An RC filter consisting of a 1-Ω resistor and a 100-nF capacitor will filter these transients and minimize this problem. 11 Layout 11.1 Layout Guidelines The 1-Ω resistor should be located on the ground side of the LM3411-L, and the 100-nF capacitor should be physically located near the package. 11.2 Layout Example OUT 5 2 GND 3 200 Q Connect to ground plane 1 +IN 100 nF 100 nF Connect to Output COMP 4 Connect to Optocoupler Figure 37. LM3411-L Layout Schematic 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L LM3411-L www.ti.com SNVSAX5 – JUNE 2017 12 Device and Documentation Support 12.1 Documentation Support 12.1.1 Related Documentation For related documentation see the following: • AN-450 Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability, SNOA742 • AN-1095 Design of Isolated Converters Using Simple Switchers, SNVA005 • AN-1305 LM5030 Evaluation Board, SNVA078 • Versatility of the LM5030 PWM Push-Pull Controller, SNVA548 • LM2578A/LM3578A Switching Regulator, SNVS767 12.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document. 12.3 Community Resources The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use. TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help solve problems with fellow engineers. Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and contact information for technical support. 12.4 Trademarks E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 12.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. 12.6 Glossary SLYZ022 — TI Glossary. This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. 13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LM3411-L 25 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 29-Jun-2017 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) LM3411AM5X-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) -40 to 85 D00A (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may reference these types of products as "Pb-Free". RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption. Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement. (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. 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Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 29-Jun-2017 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing LM3411AM5X-3.3/NOPB SOT-23 DBV 5 SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 3000 178.0 8.4 Pack Materials-Page 1 3.2 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) 3.2 1.4 4.0 W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 8.0 Q3 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 29-Jun-2017 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LM3411AM5X-3.3/NOPB SOT-23 DBV 5 3000 210.0 185.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) reserves the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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