LM56 Dual Output Low Power Thermostat General Description Features The LM56 is a precision low power thermostat. Two stable temperature trip points (VT1 and VT2) are generated by dividing down the LM56 1.250V bandgap voltage reference using 3 external resistors. The LM56 has two digital outputs. OUT1 goes LOW when the temperature exceeds T1 and goes HIGH when the the temperature goes below (T1–THYST). Similarly, OUT2 goes LOW when the temperature exceeds T2 and goes HIGH when the temperature goes below (T2–THYST). THYST is an internally set 5˚C typical hysteresis. The LM56 is available in an 8-lead Mini-SO8 surface mount package and an 8-lead small outline package. n n n n n n Key Specifications n Power Supply Voltage 2.7V–10V n Power Supply Current 230 µA (max) 1.250V ± 1% (max) n VREF Applications n n n n n n n n Digital outputs support TTL logic levels Internal temperature sensor 2 internal comparators with hysteresis Internal voltage reference Currently available in 8-pin SO plastic package Future availability in the 8-pin Mini-SO8 package n Hysteresis Temperature Microprocessor Thermal Management Appliances Portable Battery Powered 3.0V or 5V Systems Fan Control Industrial Process Control HVAC Systems Remote Temperature Sensing Electronic System Protection 5˚C n Internal Temperature Sensor Output Voltage (+6.20 mV/˚C x T) +395 mV n Temperature Trip Point Accuracy: LM56BIM ± 2˚C (max) ± 2˚C (max) ± 3˚C (max) +25˚C +25˚C to +85˚C −40˚C to +125˚C LM56CIM ± 3˚C (max) ± 3˚C (max) ± 4˚C (max) Simplified Block Diagram and Connection Diagram DS012893-2 DS012893-1 Order Number NS Package Number Transport Media Package Marking LM56BIM LM56BIMX LM56CIM LM56CIMX LM56BIMM LM56BIMMX LM56CIMM LM56CIMMX M08A M08A M08A M08A MUA08A MUA08A MUA08A MUA08A SOP-8 SOP-8 SOP-8 SOP-8 MSOP-8 MSOP-8 MSOP-8 MSOP-8 2500 Units 2500 Units 3500 Units 3500 Units Rail Tape & Reel Rail Tape & Reel Rail Tape & Reel Rail Tape & Reel LM56BIM LM56BIM LM56CIM LM56CIM T02B T02B T02C T02C © 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012893 www.national.com LM56 Dual Output Low Power Thermostat April 2000 LM56 Typical Application DS012893-3 VT1 = 1.250V x (R1)/(R1 + R2 + R3) VT2 = 1.250V x (R1 + R2)/(R1 + R2 + R3) where: (R1 + R2 + R3) = 27 kΩ and VT1 or T2 = [6.20 mV/˚C x T] + 395 mV therefore: R1 = VT1/(1.25V) x 27 kΩ R2 = (VT2/(1.25V) x 27 kΩ) − R1 R3 = 27 kΩ − R1 − R2 FIGURE 1. Microprocessor Thermal Management www.national.com 2 Input Voltage Input Current at any pin (Note 2) Package Input Current(Note 2) Package Dissipation at TA = 25˚C (Note 3) ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) Human Body Model Machine Model Soldering Information SO Package (Note 5) : Vapor Phase (60 seconds) Infrared (15 seconds) Storage Temperature 12V 5 mA 20 mA 215˚C 220˚C −65˚C to + 150˚C Operating Ratings(Note 1) 900 mW Operating Temperature Range LM56BIM, LM56CIM Positive Supply Voltage (V+) Maximum VOUT1 and VOUT2 1000V 200V TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX −40˚C ≤ TA ≤ +125˚C +2.7V to +10V +10V LM56 Electrical Characteristics The following specifications apply for V+ = 2.7 VDC, and VREF load current = 50 µA unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical LM56BIM LM56CIM Units (Note 6) Limits Limits (Limits) (Note 7) (Note 7) ±2 ±2 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±4 3 3 ˚C (min) 6 6 ˚C (max) 3.5 ˚C (min) ˚C (max) Temperature Sensor Trip Point Accuracy (Includes VREF, Comparator Offset, and +25˚C ≤ TA ≤ +85˚C Temperature Sensitivity errors) −40˚C ≤ TA ≤ +125˚C Trip Point Hysteresis TA = −40˚C 4 ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) TA = +25˚C 5 3.5 6.5 6.5 TA = +85˚C 6 4.5 4.5 ˚C (min) 7.5 7.5 ˚C (max) 4 4 ˚C (min) 8 8 ˚C (max) TA = +125˚C Internal Temperature 6 +6.20 mV/˚C Sensitivity Temperature Sensitivity Error ±2 ±3 ±3 ±4 ˚C (max) ˚C (max) Output Impedance −1 µA ≤ IL ≤ +40 µA 1500 1500 Ω (max) Line Regulation + +3.0V ≤ V ≤ +10V, +25 ˚ C ≤ TA ≤ +85 ˚ C ± 0.36 ± 0.36 mV/V (max) +3.0V ≤ V+ ≤ +10V, −40 ˚ C ≤ TA < 25 ˚ C ± 0.61 ± 0.61 mV/V (max) +2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ +3.3V ± 2.3 ± 2.3 mV (max) 300 300 nA (max) VT1 and VT2 Analog Inputs IBIAS VIN Analog Input Bias Current 150 Analog Input Voltage Range + V −1 V GND VOS Comparator Offset 2 V 8 8 mV (max) ±1 ±1 % (max) ± 12.5 ± 12.5 mV (max) VREF Output VREF VREF Nominal 1.250V VREF Error ∆VREF/∆V + ∆VREF/∆IL Line Regulation Load Regulation Sourcing V +3.0V ≤ V ≤ +10V 0.13 0.25 0.25 mV/V (max) +2.7V ≤ V+ ≤ +3.3V 0.15 1.1 1.1 mV (max) 0.15 0.15 mV/µA (max) + +30 µA ≤ IL ≤ +50 µA 3 www.national.com LM56 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) LM56 LM56 Electrical Characteristics The following specifications apply for V+ = 2.7 VDC, and VREF load current = 50 µA unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25˚C unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical Limits Units (Note 6) (Note 7) (Limits) V+ = +10V 230 µA (max) V+ = +2.7V 230 µA (max) V+ = +5.0V 1 µA (max) 0.4 V (max) V+ Power Supply IS Supply Current Digital Outputs IOUT(“1”) Logical “1” Output Leakage VOUT(“0”) Logical “0” Output Voltage Current IOUT = +50 µA Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2: When the input voltage (VI) at any pin exceeds the power supply (VI < GND or VI > V+), the current at that pin should be limited to 5 mA. The 20 mA maximum package input current rating limits the number of pins that can safely exceed the power supplies with an input current of 5 mA to four. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJmax (maximum junction temperature), θJA (junction to ambient thermal resistance) and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PD = (TJmax–TA)/θJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For this device, TJmax = 125˚C. For this device the typical thermal resistance (θJA) of the different package types when board mounted follow: Package Type θJA M08A 110˚C/W MUA08A 250˚C/W Note 4: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharge through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. Note 5: See AN450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effects on Product Reliability” or the section titled “Surface Mount” found in any post 1986 National Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices. Note 6: Typicals are at TJ = TA = 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). www.national.com 4 LM56 Typical Performance Characteristics Quiescent Current vs Temperature VREF Output Voltage vs Load Current DS012893-4 OUT1 and OUT2 Voltage Levels vs Load Current DS012893-5 DS012893-32 Trip Point Hysteresis vs Temperature Temperature Sensor Output Voltage vs Temperature DS012893-7 Trip Point Accuracy vs Temperature Temperature Sensor Output Accuracy vs Temperature DS012893-8 Comparator Bias Current vs Temperature DS012893-10 OUT1 and OUT2 Leakage Current vs Temperature DS012893-11 5 DS012893-9 DS012893-12 www.national.com LM56 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) VTEMP Output Line Regulation vs Temperature DS012893-31 VREF Start-Up Response VTEMP Start-Up Response DS012893-13 DS012893-14 www.national.com 6 LM56 Functional Description DS012893-15 1.0 V+ PIN DESCRIPTION GND VREF VTEMP OUT1 OUT2 This is the positive supply voltage pin. This pin should be bypassed with 0.1 µF capacitor to ground. This is the ground pin. This is the 1.250V bandgap voltage reference output pin. In order to maintain trip point accuracy this pin should source a 50 µA load. This is the temperature sensor output pin. This is an open collector digital output. OUT1 is active LOW. It goes LOW when the temperature is greater than T1 and goes HIGH when the temperature drops below T1–5˚C. This output is not intended to directly drive a fan motor. This is an open collector digital output. OUT2 is active LOW. It goes LOW when the temperature is greater than the T2 set point and goes HIGH when the temperature is less than T2–5˚C. This output is not intended to directly drive a fan motor. VT1 This is the input pin for the temperature trip point voltage for OUT1. VT2 This is the input pin for the low temperature trip point voltage for OUT2. DS012893-16 VT1 = 1.250V x (R1)/(R1 + R2 + R3) VT2 = 1.250V x (R1 + R2)/(R1 + R2 + R3) where: (R1 + R2 + R3) = 27 kΩ and VT1 or T2 = [6.20 mV/˚C x T] + 395 mV therefore: R1 = VT1/(1.25V) x 27 kΩ R2 = (VT2/(1.25V) x 27 k)Ω–R1 R3 = 27 kΩ − R1 − R2 7 www.national.com LM56 range of −40˚C to +125˚C, for example, is specified at ± 3˚C for the LM56BIM. Note this trip point error specification does not include any error introduced by the tolerance of the actual resistors used, nor any error introduced by power supply variation. Application Hints 2.0 LM56 TRIP POINT ACCURACY SPECIFICATION For simplicity the following is an analysis of the trip point accuracy using the single output configuration show in Figure 2 with a set point of 82˚C. If the resistors have a ± 0.5% tolerance, an additional error of ± 0.4˚C will be introduced. This error will increase to ± 0.8˚C when both external resistors have a ± 1% tolerance. Trip Point Error Voltage = VTPE, Comparator Offset Error for VT1E 3.0 BIAS CURRENT EFFECT ON TRIP POINT ACCURACY Bias current for the comparator inputs is 300 nA (max) each, over the specified temperature range and will not introduce considerable error if the sum of the resistor values are kept to about 27 kΩ as shown in the typical application of Figure 1 . This bias current of one comparator input will not flow if the temperature is well below the trip point level. As the temperature approaches trip point level the bias current will start to flow into the resistor network. When the temperature sensor output is equal to the trip point level the bias current will be 150 nA (max). Once the temperature is well above the trip point level the bias current will be 300 nA (max). Therefore, the first trip point will be affected by 150 nA of bias current. The leakage current is very small when the comparator input transistor of the different pair is off (see Figure 3) . The effect of the bias current on the first trip point can be defined by the following equations: Temperature Sensor Error = VTSE Reference Output Error = VRE DS012893-17 FIGURE 2. Single Output Configuration 1. VTPE = ± VT1E − VTSE + VRE Where: 2. VT1E = ± 8 mV (max) 3. VTSE = (6.20 mV/˚C) x ( ± 3˚C) = ± 18.6 mV 4. VRE = 1.250V x ( ± 0.01) R2/(R1 + R2) where IB = 300 nA (the maximum specified error). The effect of the bias current on the second trip point can be defined by the following equations: Using Equations from page 1 of the datasheet. VT1 =1.25VxR2/(R1+R2)=(6.20 mV/˚C)(82˚C) +395 mV Solving for R2/(R1 + R2) = 0.7227 then, 5. VRE = 1.250V x ( ± 0.01) R2/(R1 + R2) = (0.0125) x (0.7227) = ± 9.03 mV The individual errors do not add algebraically because, the odds of all the errors being at their extremes are rare. This is proven by the fact the specification for the trip point accuracy stated in the Electrical Characteristic for the temperature www.national.com where IB = 300 nA (the maximum specified error). The closer the two trip points are to each other the more significant the error is. Worst case would be when VT1 = VT2 = VREF/2. 8 LM56 Application Hints (Continued) DS012893-18 FIGURE 3. Simplified Schematic As with any IC, the LM56 and accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially true if the cirucit may operate at cold temperatures where condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and varnishes such as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often used to ensure that moisture cannot corrode the LM56 or its connections. 4.0 MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS The majority of the temperature that the LM56 is measuring is the temperature of its leads. Therefore, when the LM56 is placed on a printed circuit board, it is not sensing the temperature of the ambient air. It is actually sensing the temperature difference of the air and the lands and printed circuit board that the leads are attached to. The most accurate temperature sensing is obtained when the ambient temperature is equivalent to the LM56’s lead temperature. 9 www.national.com LM56 Application Hints 5.0 (Continued) VREF AND VTEMP CAPACTIVE LOADING DS012893-19 FIGURE 4. Loading of VREF and VTEMP The circuit shown inFigure 5 will reduce the effective bias current error for VT2 as discussed in Section 3.0 to be equivalent to the error term of VT1. For this circuit the effect of the bias current on the first trip point can be defined by the following equations: The LM56 VREF and VTEMP outputs handle capacitive loading well. Without any special precautions, these outputs can drive any capacitive load as shown in Figure 4 . 6.0 NOISY ENVIRONMENTS Over the specified temperature range the LM56 VTEMPoutput has a maximum output impedance of 1500Ω. In an extremely noisy environment it may be necessary to add some filtering to minimize noise pickup. It is recommended that 0.1 µF be added from V+ to GND to bypass the power supply voltage, as shown in Figure 4 . In a noisy environment it may be necessary to add a capacitor from the VTEMP output to ground. A 1 µF output capacitor with the 1500Ω output impedance will form a 106 Hz lowpass filter. Since the thermal time constant of the VTEMP output is much slower than the 9.4 ms time constant formed by the RC, the overall response time of the VTEMP output will not be significantly affected. For much larger capacitors this additional time lag will increase the overall response time of the LM56. 7.0 where IB = 300 nA (the maximum specified error). Similarly, bias current affect on VT2 can be defined by: APPLICATIONS CIRCUITS where IB = 300 nA (the maximum specified error). The current shown in Figure 6 is a simple overtemperature detector for power devices. In this example, an audio power amplifier IC is bolted to a heat sink and an LM56 Celsius temperature sensor is mounted on a PC board that is bolted to the heat sink near the power amplifier. To ensure that the sensing element is at the same temperature as the heat sink, the sensor’s leads are mounted to pads that have feed throughs to the back side of the PC board. Since the LM56 is sensing the temperature of the actual PC board the back side of the PC board also has large ground plane to help conduct the heat to the device. The comparator’s output goes low if the heat sink temperature rises above a threshold set by R1, R2, and the voltage reference. This fault detection output from the comparator now can be used to turn on a cooling fan. The circuit as shown in design to turn the fan on when heat sink temperature exceeds about 80˚C, and to turn the fan off when the heat sink temperature falls below approximately 75˚C. DS012893-20 FIGURE 5. Reducing Errors Caused by Bias Current www.national.com 10 LM56 Application Hints (Continued) DS012893-21 FIGURE 6. Audio Power Amplifier Overtemperature Detector DS012893-22 FIGURE 7. Simple Thermostat 11 www.national.com LM56 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Lead (0.150" Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC Order Number LM56BIM, LM56BIMX, LM56CIM or LM56CIMX NS Package Number M08A www.national.com 12 LM56 Dual Output Low Power Thermostat Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 8-Lead Molded Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) (JEDEC REGISTRATION NUMBER M0-187) Order Number LM56BIMM, LM56BIMMX, LM56CIMM, or LM56CIMMX NS Package Number MUA08A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Tel: 1-800-272-9959 Fax: 1-800-737-7018 Email: [email protected] www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: [email protected] Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. 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