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FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Features Description ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 96% Efficiency, Synchronous Operation Adjustable Output Voltage Options from 0.8V to VIN 2.5V to 5.5V Input Voltage Range Up to 1A Output Current Fixed Frequency 1.3MHz PWM Operation High Efficiency Power Save Mode 100% Duty Cycle Low Dropout Operation Designed for use in battery-powered applications, the FAN2001/ FAN2002 is a high-efficiency, low-noise synchronous PWM current mode and Pulse Skip (Power Save) mode DC-DC converter. It can provide up to 1A of output current over a wide input range from 2.5V to 5.5V. The output voltage can be externally adjusted over a wide range of 0.8V to 5.5V by means of an external voltage divider. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Soft Start Output Over-Voltage Protection Dynamic Output Voltage Positioning 25µA Quiescent Current Thermal Shutdown and Short Circuit Protection Pb-Free 3x3mm 6-Lead MLP Package At moderate and light loads, pulse skipping modulation is used. Dynamic voltage positioning is applied, and the output voltage is shifted 0.8% above nominal value for increased headroom during load transients. At higher loads the system automatically switches over to current mode PWM control, operating at 1.3 MHz. A current mode control loop with fast transient response ensures excellent line and load regulation. To achieve high efficiency and ensure long battery life, the quiescent current is reduced to 25µA in Power Save mode, and the supply current drops below 1µA in shut-down mode. The FAN2001/FAN2002 is available in a 3x3mm 6-lead MLP package. Applications ■ ■ ■ ■ Pocket PCs, PDAs Cell Phones Battery-Powered Portable Devices Digital Cameras ■ ■ ■ ■ Hard Disk Drives Set-Top-Boxes Point-of-Load Power Notebook Computers ■ Communications Equipment Typical Application VIN CIN PGND SW 1 2 10µF EN 6 P1 (AGND) 3 5 4 VOUT 1.2V (1A) 3.3µH NC R1 5KΩ FB R2 FB R2 10KΩ COUT 2 x 10µF R1 5KΩ VOUT 1.2V (1A) 10KΩ L1 3.3µH PGND SW 1 2 3 6 P1 (AGND) 5 4 EN VIN PVIN 10µF 2 x 10µF FAN2001 FAN2002 Figure 1. Typical Application FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 ©2005 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation 1 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter April 2005 Top View VIN 1 6 P1 PGND 2 EN 3 (AGND) SW FB 1 6 EN 5 VIN 4 PVIN P1 5 NC PGND 2 4 FB SW 3 FAN2001 (AGND) FAN2002 3x3mm 6-Lead MLP Figure 2. Pin Assignment Pin Description FAN2001 (3x3mm 6-Lead MLP) Pin No. Pin Name P1 AGND 1 VIN 2 PGND 3 EN Pin Description Analog Ground. P1 must be soldered to the PCB ground. Supply Voltage Input. Power Ground. This pin is connected to the internal MOSFET switches. This pin must be externally connected to AGND. Enable Input. Logic high enables the chip and logic low disables the chip, reducing the supply current to less than 1µA. Do not float this pin. 4 FB Feedback Input. Adjustable voltage option, connect this pin to the resistor divider. 5 NC No Connection Pin. 6 SW Switching Node. This pin is connected to the internal MOSFET switches. FAN2002 (3x3mm 6-Lead MLP) Pin No. Pin Name P1 AGND 1 FB 2 PGND Pin Description Analog Ground. P1 must be soldered to the PCB ground. Feedback Input. Adjustable voltage option, connect this pin to the resistor divider. Power Ground. This pin is connected to the internal MOSFET switches. This pin must be externally connected to AGND. 3 SW Switching Node. This pin is connected to the internal MOSFET switches. 4 PVIN Supply Voltage Input. This pin is connected to the internal MOSFET switches. 5 VIN Supply Voltage Input. 6 EN Enable Input. Logic high enables the chip and logic low disables the chip, reducing the supply current to less than 1µA. Do not float this pin. FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 2 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Pin Assignment Parameter Min Max Unit VIN, PVIN -0.3 7 V Voltage On Any Other Pin -0.3 VIN V Lead Soldering Temperature (10 seconds) 260 °C Junction Temperature 150 °C Storage Temperature -65 Thermal Resistance-Junction to Tab (θJC), 3x3mm 6-lead MLP (Note 2) Electrostatic Discharge Protection (ESD) Level (Note 3) HBM 4 CDM 1 Min Typ 150 °C 8 °C/W kV Recommended Operating Conditions Max Unit Supply Voltage Range Parameter 2.5 5.5 V Output Voltage Range, Adjustable Version 0.8 VIN V 1 A Output Current Inductor (Note 4) µH 3.3 Input Capacitor (Note 4) Output Capacitor (Note 4) 10 µF 2 x 10 µF Operating Ambient Temperature Range -40 +85 °C Operating Junction Temperature Range -40 +125 °C Notes: 1. Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute maximum ratings apply individually only, not in combination. Unless otherwise specified, all other voltages are referenced to AGND. 2. Junction to ambient thermal resistance, θJA, is a strong function of PCB material, board thickness, thickness and number of copper planes, number of via used, diameter of via used, available copper surface, and attached heat sink characteristics. 3. Using Mil Std. 883E, method 3015.7(Human Body Model) and EIA/JESD22C101-A (Charge Device Model). 4. Refer to the applications section for further details. FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 3 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note1) VIN = VOUT + 0.6V(min. 2.5V) to 5.5V, IOUT = 350mA, VOUT =1.2V, EN = VIN, TA = -40°C to +85°C, Unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C. Symbol VIN IQ Parameter Input Voltage Quiescent Current Conditions Enable High Input Voltage VENL Enable Low Input Voltage Units 2.5 5.5 V 2.7 5.5 V 35 µA 20 R2 =10KΩ µA 50 R2 =100KΩ 0.1 1 µA µA 2.1 2.3 V 25 EN = GND Lockout VIN Rising Hysteresis VENH Max. 0 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1000 mA IOUT = 0mA, Device is not switching Shutdown Supply Current Typ. 0 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 600 mA IOUT = 0mA, Device is switching (Note 5) Undervoltage Threshold Min. 1.9 150 mV 1.3 V 0.4 V IEN EN input bias current EN = VIN or GND 0.01 0.1 µA RDS-ON PMOS On Resistance VIN = VGS = 5.5V 250 350 mΩ VIN = VGS = 2.5V 300 400 VIN = VGS = 5.5V 200 300 VIN = VGS = 2.5V 250 350 NMOS On Resistance ILIM P-channel current limit 2.5V < VIN < 5.5V Oscillator frequency mΩ 1300 1500 2000 mA 1000 1300 1500 KHz 0.1 1 1 µA µA Ilkg_(N) N-channel leakage current VDS = 5.5V Ilkg_(P) P-channel leakage current VDS = 5.5V 0.1 Line regulation IOUT ≤ 10 mA 0.16 %/V Load regulation 350 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1000 mA 0.15 % 0.8 V Vref Reference Voltage Output DC Voltage Accuracy 0 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1000 mA (Note 6) -3 Rising Over-Temperature Protection PWM Mode Only 350 mA ≤ IOUT ≤ 1000 mA Temperature Hysteresis Start-Up Time IOUT = 1000 mA, COUT = 20 µF +3 150 % °C 20 °C 800 µS Notes: 5. Refer to the application section for further details. 6. For output voltages ≤ 1.2V a 40µF output capacitor value is required to achieve a maximum output accuracy of 3% while operating in power save mode (PFM mode). FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 4 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Electrical Characteristics TA = 25°C, CIN = 10µF, COUT = 20µF, L = 3.3µH, R2 = 10KΩ, unless otherwise noted. Efficiency vs. Load Current Efficiency vs. Load Current 100 95 Efficiency (%) Efficiency (%) 90 85 VIN = 5V 80 V OUT = 3.3V VIN = 3.6V 75 VIN = 3.6V V OUT = 3V VOUT = 1.2V 70 65 60 1 10 100 1000 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 V OUT = 3.3V VIN = 3.9V VIN = 5.5V 0.1 1 10 Load Current (mA) 100 1000 Load Current (mA) Efficiency vs. Load Current Output Voltage vs. Load Current 100 1.214 V OUT = 1.2V 1.212 R 2 = 100KΩ 1.210 90 Output Voltage (V) 80 Efficiency (%) R 2 = 100KΩ 70 V IN = 5.5V 60 VIN = 2.5V 50 V IN = 3. 6V 40 VIN = 5V 1.208 1.206 1.204 1.202 1.200 1.198 1.196 1.194 30 1.192 0.1 1 10 100 1000 0 200 400 Load Current (mA) 1000 1400 80 Oscillator Frequency (kHz) V OUT = 1. 2V 70 Quiescent Current (µA) 800 Frequency vs. Temperature Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage 60 50 40 600 Load Current (mA) R 2 = 10KΩ 30 20 10 0 2.5 R 2 = 100KΩ 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 1360 1340 5.5 VIN = 5.5V 1320 1300 1280 V IN = 3.6V 1260 1240 1220 1200 -40 VIN = 2.5V -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (°C) Input Voltage (V) FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 1380 5 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Typical Performance Characteristics FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Typical Performance Characteristics (Contd.) TA = 25°C, CIN = 10µF, COUT = 20µF, L = 3.3µH, R2 = 10KΩ, unless otherwise noted. Power Save Mode Inductor Current (200mA/div) Time (1µs/div) Inductor Load Current Current Step (500mA/div) Load Transient Response 600mA 100mA VOUT = 1.2V Time (10µs/div) Load Transient Response 100mA 600mA VOUT = 1.2V Time (10µs/div) Voltage at Inductor Output Enable Pin Current Voltage (5V/Div) (500mV/div) (500mA/div) Start-Up Response Inductor Output Current Voltage (200mA/div) (500mV/div) Voltage at Enable Pin (5V/Div) Time (5µs/div) Output Voltage (50mV/div) Inductor Load Current Output Current Step Voltage (50mV/div) (500mA/div) Inductor Output Voltage Current (200mA/div) (5mV/div) Output SW Node Voltage Voltage (20mV/div) (2V/div) SW Node Voltage (2V/div) PWM Mode VOUT = 1.2V IOUT = 10mA VOUT = 1.2V IOUT = 1000mA Time (200µs/div) Time (100µs/div) FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 Start-Up Response 6 www.fairchildsemi.com VIN EN DIGITAL SOFT START UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT IS REF PFM COMP IS CURRENT SENSE FB ERROR AMP MOSFET LOGIC CONTROL COMP SW DRIVER 0.8V GND IS OVER VOLTAGE COMP OSC SLOPE COMPENSATION REF FB NEG. LIMIT COMP NEG. LIMIT SENSE GND Figure 3. Block Diagram Detailed Operation Description PFM mode the device operates with a variable frequency and constant peak current, thus reducing the quiescent current to minimum. Consequently, the high efficiency is maintained at light loads. As soon as the output voltage falls below a threshold, set at 0.8% above the nominal value, the P-channel transistor is turned on and the inductor current ramps up. The Pchannel switch turns off and the N-channel turns on as the peak inductor current is reached (typical 450mA). The FAN2001/FAN2002 is a step-down converter operating in a current-mode PFM/PWM architecture with a typical switching frequency of 1.3MHz. At moderate to heavy loads, the converter operates in pulse-width-modulation (PWM) mode. At light loads the converter enters a power-save mode (PFM pulse skipping) to keep the efficiency high. PWM Mode The N-channel transistor is turned off before the inductor current becomes negative. At this time the P-channel is switched on again starting the next pulse. The converter continues these pulses until the high threshold (typical 1.6% above nominal value) is reached. A higher output voltage in PFM mode gives additional headroom for the voltage drop during a load transient from light to full load. The voltage overshoot during this load transient is also minimized due to active regulation during turn on of the N-channel rectifier switch. The device stays in sleep mode until the output voltage falls below the low threshold. The FAN2001/FAN2002 enters the PWM mode as soon as the output voltage can no longer be regulated in PFM with constant peak current. In PWM mode, the device operates at a fixed frequency of 1.3MHz. At the beginning of each clock cycle, the P-channel transistor is turned on. The inductor current ramps up and is monitored via an internal circuit. The P-channel switch is turned off when the sensed current causes the PWM comparator to trip when the output voltage is in regulation or when the inductor current reaches the current limit (set internally to typically 1500mA). After a minimum dead time the N-channel transistor is turned on and the inductor current ramps down. As the clock cycle is completed, the N-channel switch is turned off and the next clock cycle starts. PFM (Power Save) Mode 100% Duty Cycle Operation As the load current decreases and the inductor current reaches negative value, the converter enters pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) mode. The transition point for the PFM mode is given by the equation: I OUT = V OUT As the input voltage approaches the output voltage and the duty cycle exceeds the typical 95%, the converter turns the P-channel transistor continuously on. In this mode the output voltage is equal to the input voltage minus the voltage drop across the Pchannel transistor: 1 – ( V OUT ⁄ V IN ) × ----------------------------------------2×L×f VOUT = VIN – ILOAD × (RdsON + RL), where RdsON = P-channel switch ON resistance ILOAD = Output current RL = Inductor DC resistance The typical output current when the device enters PFM mode is 150mA for input voltage of 3.6V and output voltage of 1.2V. In FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 7 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Block Diagram This is calculated as follows: 1 – ( V OUT ⁄ V IN ) ∆I L = V OUT × ----------------------------------------L×f The reference and the circuit remain reset until the VIN crosses its UVLO threshold. The FAN2001/FAN2002 has an internal soft-start circuit that limits the in-rush current during start-up. This prevents possible voltage drops of the input voltage and eliminates the output voltage overshoot. The soft-start is implemented as a digital circuit increasing the switch current in four steps to the P-channel current limit (1500mA). Typical start-up time for a 20µF output capacitor and a load current of 1000mA is 800µs. where: ∆IL = Inductor Ripple Current f = Switching Frequency L = Inductor Value Some recommended inductors are suggested in the table below: Short Circuit Protection The switch peak current is limited cycle-by-cycle to a typical value of 1500mA. In the event of an output voltage short circuit, the device operates with a frequency of 400kHz and minimum duty cycle, therefore the average input current is typically 200mA. Inductor Value Vendor Part Number 3.3µH Panasonic ELL6PM3R3N 3.3µH Murata LQS66C3R3M04 Table 1: Recommended Inductors Thermal Shutdown Capacitors Selection When the die temperature exceeds 150°C, a reset occurs and will remain in effect until the die cools to 130°C, at that time the circuit will be allowed to restart. For best performances, a low ESR input capacitor is required. A ceramic capacitor of at least 10µF, placed as close to the VIN and AGND pins of the device is recommended. The output capacitor determines the output ripple and the transient response. Applications Information Setting the Output Voltage Capacitor Value The internal reference is 0.8V (Typical). The output voltage is divided by a resistor divider, R1 and R2 to the FB pin. The output voltage is given by: 10µF Vendor Part Number Taiyo Yuden JMK212BJ106MG TDK C2012X5ROJ106K JMK316BJ106KL R1 V OUT = V REF 1 + ------- R 2 C3216X5ROJ106M Where R1 + R2 < 800KΩ. Murata According to this equation, and assuming desired output voltage of 1.5096V, and given R2 = 10KΩ, the calculated value of R1 is 8.87KΩ. If quiescent current is a key design parameter a higher value feedback resistor can be used (e.g. R2 = 100KΩ) and a small bypass capacitor of 10pF is required in parallel with the upper resistor as shown in Figure 4. VIN CIN PGND 2 10µF EN 6 P1 (AGND) 3 5 4 3.3µH NC Table 2: Recommended Capacitors PCB Layout Recommendations The recommended PCB layout is shown in Figures 5 and 6. The inherently high peak currents and switching frequency of power supplies require a careful PCB layout design. VOUT SW 1 GRM32ER61C106K R1 Cf 50KΩ 1.2V (1A) COUT 2 x 10µF FB R2 100KΩ Figure 4. Setting the Output Voltage Inductor Selection The inductor parameters directly related to the device’s performances are saturation current and dc resistance. The FAN2001/ FAN2002 operates with a typical inductor value of 3.3µH. The lower the dc resistance, the higher the efficiency. For saturation current, the inductor should be rated higher than the maximum load current plus half of the inductor ripple current. FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 Figure 5. Recommended PCB Layout (FAN2001) 8 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter UVLO and Soft Start For more board layout recommendations download the application note “PCB Grounding System and FAN2001/FAN2011 High Performance DC-DC Converters” (AN-42036). Figure 6. Recommended PCB Layout (FAN2002) FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 9 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Therefore, use wide traces for high current paths and place the input capacitor, the inductor, and the output capacitor as close as possible to the integrated circuit terminals. In order to minimize voltage stress to the device resulting from ever present switching spikes, use an input bypass capacitor with low ESR. Note that the peak amplitude of the switching spikes depends upon the load current; the higher the load current, the higher the switching spikes. The resistor divider that sets the output voltage should be routed away from the inductor to avoid RF coupling. The ground plane at the bottom side of the PCB acts as an electromagnetic shield to reduce EMI. FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter Mechanical Dimensions 3x3mm 6-Lead MLP Ordering Information Product Number Output Voltage Package Type Order Code FAN2001 Adjustable 3x3mm 6-Lead MLP FAN2001MPX FAN2002 Adjustable 3x3mm 6-Lead MLP FAN2002MPX FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 10 www.fairchildsemi.com The following are registered and unregistered trademarks Fairchild Semiconductor owns or is authorized to use and is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all such trademarks. ACEx™ FAST ActiveArray™ FASTr™ Bottomless™ FPS™ CoolFET™ FRFET™ CROSSVOLT™ GlobalOptoisolator™ DOME™ GTO™ EcoSPARK™ HiSeC™ E2CMOS™ I2C™ EnSigna™ i-Lo™ FACT™ ImpliedDisconnect™ FACT Quiet Series™ IntelliMAX™ ISOPLANAR™ LittleFET™ MICROCOUPLER™ MicroFET™ MicroPak™ MICROWIRE™ MSX™ MSXPro™ OCX™ OCXPro™ Across the board. Around the world.™ OPTOLOGIC OPTOPLANAR™ The Power Franchise PACMAN™ Programmable Active Droop™ POP™ Power247™ PowerEdge™ PowerSaver™ PowerTrench QFET QS™ QT Optoelectronics™ Quiet Series™ RapidConfigure™ RapidConnect™ µSerDes™ SILENT SWITCHER SMART START™ SPM™ Stealth™ SuperFET™ SuperSOT™-3 SuperSOT™-6 SuperSOT™-8 SyncFET™ TinyLogic TINYOPTO™ TruTranslation™ UHC™ UltraFET UniFET™ VCX™ DISCLAIMER FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 2. A critical component is any component of a life 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or support device or system whose failure to perform can systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life the body, or (b) support or sustain life, or (c) whose support device or system, or to affect its safety or failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be effectiveness. reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user. PRODUCT STATUS DEFINITIONS Definition of Terms Datasheet Identification Product Status Definition Advance Information Formative or In Design This datasheet contains the design specifications for product development. Specifications may change in any manner without notice. Preliminary First Production This datasheet contains preliminary data, and supplementary data will be published at a later date. Fairchild Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design. No Identification Needed Full Production This datasheet contains final specifications. Fairchild Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design. Obsolete Not In Production This datasheet contains specifications on a product that has been discontinued by Fairchild semiconductor. The datasheet is printed for reference information only. Rev. I15 FAN2001/FAN2002 Rev. 1.0.2 11 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN2001/FAN2002 1A High-Efficiency Step-Down DC-DC Converter TRADEMARKS ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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