RoHS Compliant Serial ATA Flash Drive Specifications for SAFD 18P June 26th, 2013 Version 1.4 Apacer Technology Inc. th 4 Fl., 75 Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Sec.1, Xizhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan 221 Tel: +886-2-2698-2888 www.apacer.com Fax: +886-2-2698-2889 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX Features: Standard Serial ATA Interface – Serial ATA Revision 2.6 – SATA 3.0 Gbps – ATA-compatible command set Capacities – 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 GB Performance* – Burst read/write: 300 MB/sec – Sustained read: up to 260 MB/sec – Sustained write: up to 215 MB/sec Intelligent endurance design – Built-in hardware ECC, enabling up to 16/24 bit correction per 1024 bytes – Static wear-leveling scheme together with dynamical block allocation to significantly increase the lifetime of a flash device and optimize the disk performance – Flash bad-block management – S.M.A.R.T. – Power Failure Management – ATA Secure Erase – TRIM Temperature ranges – Operating: Standard: 0°C to 70°C (32 ~ 158°F) Extended: -40°C to 85°C (-40° ~ 185°F) – Storage: -40°C to 100°C (-40° ~ 212°F) Supply voltage – 3.3V & 5V Power consumption (typical)* – Active mode: 978 mA – Idle mode: 303 mA Form factor – 1.8 inch (78.5 x 54 x 5, unit: mm) Connector – 7-pin SATA male connector – 9-pin SATA power connector Shock & Vibration** – Shock: 1500 G – Vibration: 15 G MTBF > 2,000,000 hours RoHS compliant NAND Flash Type: SLC *Varies from capacities. The values addressed for performance and power consumption are typical and may vary depending on settings and platforms. **Non-operating 1 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX Table of Contents 1. Product Description ................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................3 1.2 Functional Block Diagram..........................................................................................................................3 1.3 ATA Mode Support.....................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Capacity Specification.................................................................................................................................4 1.5 Performance.................................................................................................................................................4 1.6 Pin Assignments ..........................................................................................................................................5 2. Software Interface .................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Command Set ..............................................................................................................................................7 2.2 S.M.A.R.T. ...................................................................................................................................................8 3. Flash Management ................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Error Correction/Detection ........................................................................................................................9 3.2 Flash Block Management ...........................................................................................................................9 3.3 Wear Leveling..............................................................................................................................................9 3.4 Power Failure Management .......................................................................................................................9 3.5 ATA Secure Erase .......................................................................................................................................9 3.6 TRIM..........................................................................................................................................................10 4. Environmental Specifications ............................................................................... 11 4.1 Environments.............................................................................................................................................11 4.2 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)....................................................................................................11 4.3 Certification and Compliance ..................................................................................................................11 5. Electrical Characteristics ...................................................................................... 12 5.1 Operating Voltage .....................................................................................................................................12 5.2 Power Consumption..................................................................................................................................12 6. Physical Characteristics........................................................................................ 13 7. Product Ordering Information ............................................................................... 15 7.1 Product Code Designations ......................................................................................................................15 7.2 Valid Combinations...................................................................................................................................16 2 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 1. Product Description 1.1 Introduction Apacer’s Serial ATA Flash Drive (SAFD) is a solid-state disk (SSD) drive that contains a controller, embedded firmware, and flash media along with a male connector. Using NAND flash memory devices, the drive transfers data between the host and the storage devices at a radical high speed, making it a great partner for embedded systems and servers. SAFD 18P drive is designed with a single-chip controller, offering capacities of up to 128 gigabytes and providing full support for the SATA 3.0 Gbps high-speed interface standard. It can operate at sustained access rates of up to higher than 260 megabytes per second, providing an ideal solution for industrial applications. In addition, SAFD 18P adopts the Apacer-specific static wear-leveling scheme to allow uniform use of all storage blocks, ensuring that the lifetime of a flash media can be significantly increased and the disk performance is optimized as well. SAFD 18P provides the S.M.A.R.T. feature that follows the SATA Rev. 2.6, ATA/ATAPI specifications and uses the standard SMART command B0h to read data from the drive. This feature protects the user from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and storing critical drive performance. 1.2 Functional Block Diagram SAFD 18P drive includes a single-chip SATA Controller and the flash media, as well as the SATA standard interface. The controller integrates the flash management unit with the controller itself to support multi-channel, multi-bank flash arrays. Figure 1-1 shows the functional block diagram. Figure 1-1 Apacer SAFD 18P block diagram 3 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 1.3 ATA Mode Support SAFD 18P provides ATA mode support as follows: 1.4 Up to PIO mode-4 Up to Multiword DMA mode-2 Up to UDMA mode-4 Capacity Specification Capacity specification of SAFD 18P product family is available as shown in Table 1-1. It lists the specific capacity, the default numbers of logical cylinders and heads, and the number of logical sectors per track for each product line. Table 1-1 Capacity specification Capacity Total Bytes* Cylinders Heads Sectors Max LBA** 8 GB 7,012,196,352 13,587 16 63 13,695,696 16 GB 16,013,942,784 16383 16 63 31,277,232 32 GB 32,017,047,552 16,383 16 63 62,533,296 64 GB 64,023,257,088 16383 16 63 125,045,44 128 GB 128,035,676,10 16383 16 63 250,069,60 *Display of total bytes varies from file systems. **Cylinders, heads or sectors are not applicable for these capacities. Only LBA addressing applies. ***Notes: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes; 1 sector = 512 bytes. LBA count addressed in the table above indicates total user storage capacity and will remain the same throughout the lifespan of the device. However, the total usable capacity of the SSD is most likely to be less than the total physical capacity because a small portion of the capacity is reserved for device maintenance usages. 1.5 Performance Performance of SAFD 18P is shown in Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Performance specifications Capacity Performance Sustained Read (MB/s) Sustained Write (MB/s) 8 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 128 GB 255 260 260 260 245 100 205 190 215 165 Note: Performances vary from flash configurations and host system configurations. Read/write performance is measured using CrystalDiskMark under Windows XP operating sytem. 4 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 1.6 Pin Assignments Table 1-3 describes SAFD 18P signal segment, and Table1-4, its power segment. Figure 1-2 Micro-SATA Connectors Power Segment Pin P1 Table 1-3 Signal segment Name Type S1 GND S2 RxP + Differential Receive Signal S3 RxN - Differential Receive Signal S4 GND S5 TxN S6 TxP S7 GND Signal Segment Pin S1 Table 1-4 Power segment Pin Type Signal/Description P1 V33 3.3 V Power P2 V33 3.3 V Power P3 GND P4 GND - Differential Transmit Signal P5 V5 5 V Power + Differential Transmit Signal P6 V5 5 V Power P7 GND Reserved P8 Optional NC P9 Optional NC Description 5 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX Figure 1-3 SATA Cable/Connector Connection Diagram The connector on the left represents the Host with TX/RX differential pairs connected to a cable. The connector on the right shows the Device with TX/RX differential pairs also connected to the cable. Notice also the ground path connecting the shielding of the cable to the Cable Receptacle. 6 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 2. Software Interface 2.1 Command Set Table 2-1 summarizes the ATA commands supported by SAFD 18P-M. Table 2-1 Command set Command Code Check-Power-Mode E5H Execute-Drive-Diagnostic 90H Flush-Cache E7H Identify-Drive ECH Idle E3H Idle-Immediate E1H Initialize-Drive-Parameters 91H Read-DMA C8H or C9H Read-Multiple C4H Read-Sector(s) 20H or 21H Read-Verify-Sector(s) 40H or 41H Recalibrate 10H Security-Disable-Password F6H Security-Erase-Prepare F3H Security-Erase-Unit F4H Security-Freeze-Lock F5H Security-Set-Password F1H Security-Unlock F2H Seek 7XH Set-Features EFH Set-Multiple-Mode C6H Sleep E6H SMART B0H Standby E2H Standby-lmmediate E0H Write-DMA CAH Write-Multiple C5H Write-Sector(s) 30H 7 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 2.2 S.M.A.R.T. S.M.A.R.T. is an abbreviation for Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, a self-monitoring system that provides indicators of drive health as well as potential disk problems. It serves as a warning for users from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and displaying critical drive information. Ideally, this should allow taking proactive actions to prevent drive failure and make use of S.M.A.R.T. information for future product development reference. Apacer devices use the standard SMART command B0h to read data out from the drive to activate our S.M.A.R.T. feature that complies with the ATA/ATAPI specifications. S.M.A.R.T. Attribute IDs shall include initial bad block count, total later bad block count, maximum erase count, average erase count, power on hours and power cycle. When the S.M.A.R.T. Utility running on the host, it analyzes and reports the disk status to the host before the device reaches in critical condition. Note: attribute IDs may vary from product models due to various solution design and supporting capabilities. 8 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 3. Flash Management 3.1 Error Correction/Detection SAFD 18P implements hardware ECC scheme based on the BCH algorithm which can detect and correct up to 16 bits or 24 bits error in 1024 bytes. 3.2 Flash Block Management Current production technology is unable to guarantee total reliability of NAND flash memory array. When a flash memory device leaves factory, it comes with a minimal number of initial bad blocks during production or out-of-factory as there is no currently known technology that produce flash chips free of bad blocks. In addition, bad blocks may develop during program/erase cycles. When host performs program/erase command on a block, bad block may appear in Status Register. Since bad blocks are inevitable, the solution is to keep them in control. Apacer flash devices are programmed with ECC, block mapping technique and S.M.A.R.T to reduce invalidity or error. Once bad blocks are detected, data in those blocks will be transferred to free blocks and error will be corrected by designated algorithms. 3.3 Wear Leveling Flash memory devices differ from Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in terms of how blocks are utilized. For HDDs, when a change is made to stored data, like erase or update, the controller mechanism on HDDs will perform overwrites on blocks. Unlike HDDs, flash blocks cannot be overwritten and each P/E cycle wears down the lifespan of blocks gradually. Repeatedly program/erase cycles performed on the same memory cells will eventually cause some blocks to age faster than others. This would bring flash storages to their end of service term sooner. Wear leveling is an important mechanism that level out the wearing of blocks so that the wearing-down of blocks can be almost evenly distributed. This will increase the lifespan of SSDs. Commonly used wear leveling types are Static and Dynamic. 3.4 Power Failure Management Power Failure Management plays a crucial role when experiencing unstable power supply. Power disruption may occur when users are storing data into the SSD. In this urgent situation, the controller would run multiple write-to-flash cycles to store the metadata for later block rebuilding. This urgent operation requires about several milliseconds to get it done. At the next power up, the firmware will perform a status tracking to retrieve the mapping table and resume previously programmed NAND blocks to check if there is any incompleteness of transmission. Note: The controller unit of this product model is designed with a DRAM as a write cache for improved performance and data efficiency. Though unlikely to happen in most cases, the data cached in the volatile DRAM might be potentially affected if a sudden power loss takes place before the cached data is flushed into non-volatile NAND flash memory. 3.5 ATA Secure Erase ATA Secure Erase is an ATA disk purging command currently embedded in most of the storage drives. Defined in ATA specifications, (ATA) Secure Erase is part of Security Feature Set that allows storage drives to erase all user data areas. The erase process usually runs on the firmware level as most of the ATA-based storage media currently in the market are built-in with this command. ATA Secure Erase can securely wipe out the user data in the drive and protects it from malicious attack. 9 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 3.6 TRIM TRIM, though in capital letters usually, is a memory computation command rather than an abbreviation. It is mainly a SATA command that enables the operating system to inform the SSD (Solid State Drive) which blocks of previously stored data are no longer valid, due to erases by the host or operating system, such as file deletions or disk formatting. Once notified, SSD will begin the discard of the invalid LBAs and retain more space for itself, in fact, the discarded is no longer recoverable. When an LBA is replaced by the operating system, as with overwrite of a file, the SSD is informed that the originally occupied LBA is determined as no longer in use or invalid. The SSD will not save those blocks in garbage collected sectors. Noticeably, a file deletion command by host or operating system never actually erases the actual content, rather, just the file is marked as deleted. This issue is even specifically noticeable for flash based memory devices, such as SSDs. In fact, an SSD will keep garbage collecting the invalid, previously occupied LBAs, if it is not informed that these LBAs can be erased. Thus, the SSD would experience a significant performance downfall. 10 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 4. Environmental Specifications 4.1 Environments SAFD 18P environmental specifications follow the US Military Standard MIL-STD-810F, as shown in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 SAFD 18P environmental specifications Environment Temperature Vibration** Shock** Specification 0°C to 70°C (Operating – Standard); -40°C to 85°C (Operating – ET*) -40°C to 100°C (Non-operating) Sine wave, 10 ~ 2000Hz Acceleration 15 G, X, Y, Z axis Half sine wave 1500 G, ± X, ±Y, ±Z axis *Extended Temperature **Non-operating conditions 4.2 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is predicted based on reliability data for the individual components in SAFD drive. Serving as statistical reference, the prediction result for SAFD 18P is more than 2,000,000 hours. Notes about the MTBF: The MTBF is predicated and calculated based on “Telcordia Technologies Special Report, SR-332, Issue 2” method. 4.3 Certification and Compliance SAFD 18P drive complies with the following standards: CE FCC RoHS MIL-STD-810F 11 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.1 Operating Voltage Table 5-1 lists the supply voltage for SAFD 18P. Table 5-1 SAFD 18P operating voltage Parameter Conditions Supply voltage 5.2 3.3V ±5% (3.135-3.465V) / 5V ±5% (4.75-5.25V) Power Consumption Table 5-2 lists SAFD 18P power consumption. Table 5-2 SAFD 18P power consumption (Typical) Capacity Mode Active Mode (mA) Idle Mode (mA) 8 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 128 GB 610 920 978 800 600 290 300 303 300 250 Note: power consumptions may vary depending on different flash configurations or platforms. 12 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 6. Physical Characteristics Pin S1 Pin P1 ㎜ Unit: Tolerance: ± 0.2 13 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX Pin S1 ㎜ Unit: Tolerance: ± 0.2 14 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 7. Product Ordering Information 7.1 Product Code Designations A P S 18P 6 A xxxx –5 X XX Voltage Blank: 5V L: 3.3V Temperature Range Blank: Standard W: Extended Temperature Flash Type T: Toshiba C: Micron Version Control Capacities: 008G: 016G: 032G: 064G: 128G: 08 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 128 GB Apacer Brand Solution version 1.8 inch Form Factor Serial ATA Flash Drive Apacer Product Code 15 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX 7.2 Valid Combinations SAFD18P (voltage: 5V) Capacity Standard Extended Temperature 8 GB APS18P6A008G-5T APS18P6A008G-5TW 16 GB APS18P6A016G-5T APS18P6A016G-5TW 32 GB APS18P6A032G-5T APS18P6A032G-5TW 64 GB APS18P6A064G-5C APS18P6A064G-5CW 128 GB APS18P6A0128G-5C APS18P6A128G-5CW SAFD18P (voltage: 3.3V) Capacity Standard Extended Temperature 8 GB APS18P6A008G-5TL APS18P6A008G-5TWL 16 GB APS18P6A016G-5TL APS18P6A016G-5TWL 32 GB APS18P6A032G-5TL APS18P6A032G-5TWL 64 GB APS18P6A064G-5CL APS18P6A064G-5CWL 128 GB APS18P6A128G-5CL APS18P6A128G-5CWL Note: Please consult with Apacer sales representatives for availabilities. 16 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX Revision History Revision Description Date 0.1 Preliminary release 09/02/2011 0.2 Added 64GB & 128GB capacities 10/17/2011 Updated Product Ordering Information 0.3 Updated Product Ordering Information 11/17/2011 1.0 Official release 11/30/2011 1.1 Revised S.M.A.R.T information 03/23/2012 1.2 Added Endurance subsection 05/24/2012 Revised Environmental section 1.3 Updated Product Ordering Information due to firmware upgrade 11/09/2012 1.4 Updated Product Ordering Information due to firmware upgrade 06/26/2013 17 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS18P6Axxxx-5XXX Global Presence Taiwan (Headquarters) Apacer Technology Inc. th 4 Fl., 75 Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Sec.1 Xizhi, New Taipei City Taiwan 221 R.O.C. Tel: +886-2-2698-2888 Fax: +886-2-2698-2889 [email protected] U.S.A. Apacer Memory America, Inc. 386 Fairview Way, Suite102, Milpitas, CA 95035 Tel: 1-408-518-8699 Fax: 1-408-935-9611 [email protected] Japan Apacer Technology Corp. 5F, Matsura Bldg., Shiba, Minato-Ku Tokyo, 105-0014, Japan Tel: 81-3-5419-2668 Fax: 81-3-5419-0018 [email protected] Europe Apacer Technology B.V. Science Park Eindhoven 5051 5692 EB Son, The Netherlands Tel: 31-40-267-0000 Fax: 31-40-267-0000#6199 [email protected] China Apacer Electronic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd 1301, No.251,Xiaomuqiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, China Tel: 86-21-5529-0222 Fax: 86-21-5206-6939 [email protected] India Apacer Technologies Pvt Ltd, # 535, 1st Floor, 8th cross, JP Nagar 3rd Phase, Bangalore – 560078, India Tel: 91-80-4152-9061 [email protected] 18 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 1.4