LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
www.ti.com
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fixed 3.3-V, 5-V, 12-V, and 15-V Options With
±5% Regulation (Max) Over Line, Load, and
Temperature Conditions
Adjustable Option With a Range of 1.23 V to
37 V and ±4% Regulation (Max) Over Line,
Load, and Temperature Conditions
Specified 1-A Output Current
Wide Input Voltage Range…4.75 V to 40 V
Requires Only Four External Components
(Fixed Versions) and Uses Readily Available
Standard Inductors
52-kHz (Typ) Fixed-Frequency Internal
Oscillator
TTL Shutdown Capability With 50-µA (Typ)
Standby Current
High Efficiency…as High as 88% (Typ)
Thermal Shutdown and Current-Limit
Protection With Cycle-by-Cycle Current
Limiting
KTT (TO-263) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
5
4
3
GND
•
ON/OFF
FEEDBACK
GND
OUTPUT
VIN
2
1
N (PDIP) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
NC
NC
OUTPUT
NC
GND
NC
FB
NC
1
16
2
15
3
14
4
13
5
12
6
11
7
10
8
9
VIN
NC
GND
GND
GND
GND
NC
ON/OFF
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
Simple High-Efficiency Step-Down (Buck)
Regulator
Pre-Regulator for Linear Regulators
On-Card Switching Regulators
Positive-to-Negative Converter (Buck-Boost)
DESCRIPTION/ORDERING INFORMATION
The LM2575 greatly simplifies the design of switching power supplies by conveniently providing all the active
functions needed for a step-down (buck) switching regulator in an integrated circuit. Accepting a wide input
voltage range and available in fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V, 15 V, or an adjustable output version,
the LM2575 has an integrated switch capable of delivering 1 A of load current, with excellent line and load
regulation. The device also offers internal frequency compensation, a fixed-frequency oscillator, cycle-by-cycle
current limiting, and thermal shutdown. In addition, a manual shutdown is available via an external ON/OFF pin.
The LM2575 represents a superior alternative to popular three-terminal linear regulators. Due to its high
efficiency, it significantly reduces the size of the heat sink and, in many cases, no heat sink is required.
Optimized for use with standard series of inductors available from several different manufacturers, the LM2575
greatly simplifies the design of switch-mode power supplies by requiring a minimal addition of only four to six
external components for operation.
The LM2575 is characterized for operation over the virtual junction temperature range of –40°C to 125°C.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2005, Texas Instruments Incorporated
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
www.ti.com
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
ORDERING INFORMATION
TJ
VO
(NOM)
PACKAGE (1)
LM2575-33IN
PREVIEW
5V
LM2575-05IN
PREVIEW
LM2575-12IN
PREVIEW
15 V
LM2575-15IN
PREVIEW
ADJ
LM2575IN
LM2575IN
PDIP – N
3.3 V
5V
12 V
15 V
ADJ
(1)
2
TOP-SIDE MARKING
3.3 V
12 V
–40°C to 125°C
ORDERABLE PART NUMBER
TO-263 – KTT
Tube of 25
Tube of 50
LM2575-33IKTT
Reel of 2000
LM2575-33IKTTR
Tube of 50
LM2575-05IKTT
Reel of 2000
LM2575-05IKTTR
Tube of 50
LM2575-12IKTT
Reel of 2000
LM2575-12IKTTR
Tube of 50
LM2575-15IKTT
Reel of 2000
LM2575-15IKTTR
Tube of 50
LM2575IKTT
Reel of 2000
LM2575IKTTR
PREVIEW
PREVIEW
PREVIEW
PREVIEW
PREVIEW
Package drawings, standard packing quantities, thermal data, symbolization, and PCB design guidelines are available at
www.ti.com/sc/package.
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
www.ti.com
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN
Unregulated
DC Input
Internal
Regulator
1
+
ON/OFF
On/Off
5
CIN
FEEDBACK
4
R2
R1
1 k
Fixed-Gain
Error Amp
+
_
Comparator
+
_
Driver
1-A
Switch
OUTPUT
L1
2
+
D1
1.23-V
Band-Gap
Reference
VOUT
COUT
GND
52-kHz
Oscillator
Reset
Thermal
Shutdown
Current
Limit
3
L
O
A
D
3.3 V: R2 = 1.7 k
5 V: R2 = 3.1 k
12 V: R2 = 8.84 k
15 V: R2 = 11.3 k
ADJ: R1 = Open, R2 = 0 Ω
A.
Pin numbers are for the KTT (TO-263) package.
FEEDBACK
4
7-V to 40-V
Unregulated
DC Input
+VIN
LM2575-05
1
3
+
GND
5
OUTPUT
2
L1
L2
330 µH
20 µH
5-V
Regulated
Output
1-A Load
ON/OFF
CIN
100 µF
D1
1N5819
+
COUT
330 µF
C1
100 µF
+
Optional Output Ripple Filter
A.
Pin numbers are for the KTT (TO-263) package.
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit (Fixed Version)
3
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
www.ti.com
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
Absolute Maximum Ratings (1)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
VIN
Supply voltage
ON/OFF pin input voltage
–0.3
Output voltage to GND (steady state)
TJ
Maximum junction temperature
Tstg
Storage temperature range
(1)
–65
MAX
UNIT
42
V
VIN
V
–1
V
150
°C
150
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating
conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Package Thermal Data (1)
(1)
PACKAGE
BOARD
θJC
PDIP (N)
High K, JESD 51-7
51°C/W
TO-263 (KTT)
High K, JESD 51-5
θJCB
θJA
67°C/W
TBD
TBD
Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.
Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
MAX
VIN
Supply voltage
4.75
40
V
TJ
Operating virtual junction temperature
–40
125
°C
4
UNIT
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
www.ti.com
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
Electrical Characteristics
ILOAD = 200 mA, VIN = 12 V for 3.3-V, 5-V, and adjustable versions, VIN = 25 V for 12-V version, VIN = 30 V for 15-V version
(unless otherwise noted) (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 0.2 A
LM2575-33
LM2575-05
VOUT
Output voltage
LM2575-15
η
Efficiency
LM2575-ADJ
3.366
25°C
3.168
3.3
3.432
Full range
3.135
25°C
4.9
5
8 V ≤ VIN ≤ 40 V,
0.2 A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1 A
25°C
4.8
5
Full range
4.75
25°C
11.76
12
12.24
12
12.48
15 V ≤ VIN ≤ 40 V,
0.2 A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1 A
25°C
11.52
11.4
VIN = 30 V, ILOAD = 0.2 A
25°C
14.7
15
18 V ≤ VIN ≤ 40 V,
0.2 A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1 A
25°C
14.4
15
15.6
Full range
14.25
15
15.75
25°C
1.217
1.23
1.243
25°C
1.193
1.23
1.267
Full range
1.18
8 V ≤ VIN ≤ 40 V, VOUT = 5 V,
0.2 A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1 A
77
VIN = 15 V, ILOAD = 1 A
LM2575-15
VIN = 18 V, ILOAD = 1 A
88
LM2575-ADJ
VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 5 V,
ILOAD = 1 A
77
Saturation voltage
Maximum duty cycle
ICL
Peak current
IL
Output leakage current
IQ
Quiescent current
ISTBY
Standby quiescent current
VIH
VOUT = 5 V (ADJ version only)
(1)
IOUT = 1 A (2)
(3)
(1) (2)
VIN = 40 (4), Output = 0 V
VIN = 40 (4), Output = –1 V
(4)
OFF (ON/OFF pin = 5 V)
OFF (VOUT = 0 V)
ON/OFF logic input level
VIL
ON (VOUT = nominal voltage)
IIH
OFF (ON/OFF pin = 5 V)
ON/OFF input current
OFF (ON/OFF pin = 0 V)
15.3
88
25°C
50
Full range
%
100
500
25°C
47
Full range
42
25°C
52
58
63
0.9
Full range
1.2
1.4
25°C
93
98
25°C
1.7
2.8
Full range
1.3
4
7.5
nA
kHz
V
%
3.6
2
25°C
V
1.28
LM2575-12
25°C
V
12.6
75
VSAT
5.2
5.25
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 1 A
Oscillator frequency
5.1
Full range
VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 5 V,
ILOAD = 0.2 A
UNIT
3.465
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 1 A
fo
(2)
(3)
(4)
MAX
3.3
LM2575-05
Feedback bias current
(1)
TYP
3.234
LM2575-33
IIB
IIL
TJ
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 0.2 A
VIN = 25 V, ILOAD = 0.2 A
LM2575-12
Feedback voltage
4.75 V ≤ VIN ≤ 40 V,
0.2 A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1 A
MIN
25°C
30
A
mA
25°C
5
10
mA
25°C
50
200
µA
25°C
2.2
Full range
2.4
25°C
1.4
1.2
Full range
25°C
1
V
0.8
12
30
0
10
µA
In the event of an output short or an overload condition, self-protection features lower the oscillator frequency to ∼18 kHz and the
minimum duty cycle from 5% to ∼2%. The resulting output voltage drops to ∼40% of its nominal value, causing the average power
dissipated by the IC to lower.
Output is not connected to diode, inductor, or capacitor. Output is sourcing current.
Feedback is disconnected from output and connected to 0 V.
To force the output transistor off, FEEDBACK is disconnected from output and connected to 12 V for the adjustable, 3.3-V, and 5-V
versions; and 25 V for the 12-V and 15-V versions.
5
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
GRAPH PREVIEWS
Figure 2. Normalized Output Voltage
Figure 3. Line Regulation
Figure 4. Dropout Voltage
Figure 5. Current Limit
Figure 6. Quiescent Current
Figure 7. Standby Quiescent Current
Figure 9. Quiescent Current vs Duty Cycle
Figure 0. Oscillator Frequency
Figure 10. Switch Saturation Voltage
Figure 11. Efficiency
Figure 12. Minimum Operating Voltage (Adjustable Version)
Figure 13. Feedback Voltage vs Duty Cycle
Figure 14. Feedback Pin Current (Adjustable Version)
Figure 15. Switching Waveforms
Figure 16. Load Transient Response
6
www.ti.com
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
www.ti.com
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Layout Guidelines
With any switching regulator, circuit layout plays an important role in circuit performance. Wiring and parasitic
inductances, as well as stray capacitances, are subjected to rapidly switching currents, which can result in
unwanted voltage transients. To minimize inductance and ground loops, the length of the leads indicated by
heavy lines should be minimized. Optimal results can be achieved by single-point grounding (see Figure 2) or by
ground-plane construction. For the same reasons, the two programming resistors used in the adjustable version
should be located as close as possible to the regulator to keep the sensitive feedback wiring short.
Fixed Output Voltage Versions
FEEDBACK
4
+VIN
LM2575-xx
Fixed Output
1
OUTPUT
3
+
GND
VOUT
330 µH
2
VIN
Unregulated
DC Input
L1
5 ON/OFF
L
O
A
D
D1
CIN
100 µF
+
COUT
330 µF
CIN = 100 µF, Aluminum Electrolytic
COUT = 330 µF, Aluminum Electrolytic
D1 = Schottky
L1 = 330 µH
Adjustable Output Voltage Versions
+VIN
1
FEEDBACK
4
LM2575
(ADJ)
OUTPUT
2
7-V to 60-V
Unregulated
DC Input
L1
VOUT
330 µH
R2
+
CIN
100 µF
3 GND
5
ON/OFF
D1
11DQ06
+
L
O
A
D
COUT
330 µF
R1
VOUT = VREF(1 + R2/R1) = 5 V
Where,
VREF = 1.23 V
R1 = 2 k
R2 = 6.12 k
A.
Pin numbers are for the KTT (TO-263) package.
Figure 2. Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines
7
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
www.ti.com
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)
Input Capacitor (CIN)
For stability concerns, an input bypass capacitor (electrolytic, CIN ≥ 47 µF) needs to be located as close as
possible to the regulator. For operating temperatures below –25°C, CIN may need to be larger in value. In
addition, since most electrolytic capacitors have decreasing capacitances and increasing ESR as temperature
drops, adding a ceramic or solid tantalum capacitor in parallel increases the stability in cold temperatures.
To extend the capacitor operating lifetime, the capacitor RMS ripple current rating should be:
I C,RMS 1.2(
t on
)I
, where:
T LOAD
V
ton
OUT {buck regulator}, and
T
VIN
|VOUT|
ton
{buck−boost regulator}
(|V OUT| V IN)
T
Output Capacitor (COUT)
For both loop stability and filtering of ripple voltage, an output capacitor also is required, again in close proximity
to the regulator. For best performance, low-ESR aluminum electrolytics are recommended, although standard
aluminum electrolytics may be adequate for some applications. Based on the following equation:
Output Ripple Voltage = (ESR of COUT) × (inductor ripple current)
Output ripple of 50 mV to 150 mV typically can be achieved with capacitor values of 220 µF to 680 µF. Larger
COUT can reduce the ripple 20 mV to 50 mV peak-to-peak. To improve further on output ripple, paralleling of
standard electrolytic capacitors may be used. Alternatively, higher-grade capacitors such as “high frequency”,
“low inductance”, or “low ESR” can be used.
The following should be taken into account when selecting COUT:
• At cold temperatures, the ESR of the electrolytic capacitors can rise dramatically (typically 3× nominal value
at –25°C). Because solid tantalum capacitors have significantly better ESR specifications at cold
temperatures, they should be used at operating temperature lower than –25°C. As an alternative, tantalums
also can be paralleled to aluminum electrolytics and should contribute 10% to 20% to the total capacitance.
• Low ESR for COUT is desirable for low output ripple. However, the ESR should be greater than 0.05 Ω to
avoid the possibility of regulator instability. Hence, a sole tantalum capacitor used for COUT is most
susceptible to this occurrence.
• The capacitor’s ripple current rating of 52 kHz should be at least 50% higher than the peak-to-peak inductor
ripple current.
Catch Diode
As with other external components, the catch diode should be placed close to the output to minimize unwanted
noise. Schottky diodes have fast switching speeds and low forward voltage drops and, thus, offer the best
performance, especially for switching regulators with low output voltages (VOUT < 5 V). If a high-efficiency,
fast-recovery, or ultra-fast-recovery diode is used in place of a Schottky, it should have a soft recovery (versus
abrupt turn-off characteristics) to avoid the chance of causing instability and EMI. Standard 50-/60-Hz diodes,
such as the 1N4001 or 1N5400 series, are NOT suitable.
Inductor
Proper inductor selection is key to the performance-switching power-supply designs. One important factor to
consider is whether the regulator will be used in continuous (inductor current flows continuously and never drops
to zero) or in discontinuous mode (inductor current goes to zero during the normal switching cycle). Each mode
has distinctively different operating characteristics and, therefore, can affect the regulator performance and
requirements. In many applications, the continuous mode is the preferred mode of operation, since it offers
greater output power with lower peak currents, and also can result in lower output ripple voltage. The advantages
of continuous mode of operation come at the expense of a larger inductor required to keep inductor current
continuous, especially at low output currents and/or high input voltages.
8
www.ti.com
LM2575
1-A SIMPLE STEP-DOWN SWITCHING VOLTAGE REGULATOR
SLVS569D – JANUARY 2005 – REVISED JULY 2005
APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)
The LM2575 can operate in either continuous or discontinuous mode. With heavy load currents, the inductor
current flows continuously and the regulator operates in continuous mode. Under light load, the inductor fully
discharges and the regulator is forced into the discontinuous mode of operation. For light loads (approximately
200 mA or less), this discontinuous mode of operation is perfectly acceptable and may be desirable solely to
keep the inductor value and size small. Any buck regulator eventually will operate in discontinuous mode when
the load current is light enough.
The type of inductor chosen can have advantages and disadvantages. If high performance/quality is a concern,
then more-expensive toroid core inductors are the best choice, as the magnetic flux is contained completely
within the core, resulting in less EMI and noise in nearby sensitive circuits. Inexpensive bobbin core inductors,
however, generate more EMI as the open core will not confine the flux within the core. Multiple switching
regulators located in proximity to each other are particularly susceptible to mutual coupling of magnetic fluxes
from each other’s open cores. In these situations, closed magnetic structures (such as a toroid, pot core, or
E-core) are more appropriate.
Regardless of the type and value of inductor used, the inductor never should carry more than its rated current.
Doing so may cause the inductor to saturate, in which case the inductance quickly drops, and the inductor looks
like a low-value resistor (from the dc resistance of the windings). As a result, switching current rises dramatically
(until limited by the current-by-current limiting feature of the LM2575) and can result in overheating of the
inductor and the IC itself. Note that different types of inductors have different saturation characteristics.
Output Voltage Ripple and Transients
As with any switching power supply, the output of the LM2575 will have a sawtooth ripple voltage at the switching
frequency. Typically about 1% of the output voltage, this ripple is due mainly to the inductor sawtooth ripple
current and the ESR of the output capacitor (see note on COUT). Furthermore, the output also may contain small
voltage spikes at the peaks of the sawtooth waveform. This is due to the fast switching of the output switch and
the parasitic inductance of COUT. These voltage spikes can be minimized through the use of low-inductance
capacitors.
There are several ways to reduce the output ripple voltage: a larger inductor, a larger COUT, or both. Another
method is to use a small LC filter (20 µH and 100 µF) at the output. This filter can reduce the output ripple
voltage by a factor of 10 (see Figure 2).
Feedback Connection
For fixed voltage options, FEEDBACK must be wired to VOUT. For the adjustable version, FEEDBACK must be
connected between the two programming resistors. Again, both of these resistors should be in close proximity to
the regulator, and each should be less than 100 kΩ to minimize noise pickup.
ON/OFF Input
ON/OFF should be grounded or be a low-level TTL voltage (typically <1.6 V) for normal operation. To shut down
the LM2575 and put it in standby mode, a high-level TTL or CMOS voltage should be supplied to this pin.
ON/OFF should not be left open and safely can be pulled up to VIN with or without a pullup resistor.
Grounding
The power and ground connections of the LM2575 must be low impedance to help maintain output stability. For
the 5-pin packages, both pin 3 and tab are ground, and either connection can be used as they are both part of
the same lead frame. With the 16-pin and 24-pin packages, all the ground pins (including signal and power
grounds) should be soldered directly to wide PCB copper traces to ensure low-inductance connections and good
thermal dissipation.
9
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
17-Oct-2005
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package Eco Plan (2)
Qty
LM2575-33IN
PREVIEW
PDIP
N
16
25
TBD
Call TI
LM2575IN
ACTIVE
PDIP
N
16
25
Pb-Free
(RoHS)
CU NIPD
Level-NC-NC-NC
LM2575INE4
ACTIVE
PDIP
N
16
25
Pb-Free
(RoHS)
CU NIPD
Level-NC-NC-NC
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp (3)
Call TI
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS) or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the
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to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 1
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