Renesas HI7191IB 24-bit, high precision, sigma delta a/d converter Datasheet

DATASHEET
HI7191
FN4138
Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
24-Bit, High Precision, Sigma Delta A/D Converter
The Intersil HI7191 is a monolithic instrumentation, sigma
delta A/D converter which operates from 5V supplies. Both
the signal and reference inputs are fully differential for
maximum flexibility and performance. An internal
Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier (PGIA)
provides input gains from 1 to 128 eliminating the need for
external pre-amplifiers. The on-demand converter
auto-calibrate function is capable of removing offset and gain
errors existing in external and internal circuitry. The on-board
user programmable digital filter provides over 120dB of
60/50Hz noise rejection and allows fine tuning of resolution
and conversion speed over a wide dynamic range. The
HI7190 and HI7191 are functionally the same device, but the
HI7190 has tighter linearity specs.
Features
The HI7191 contains a serial I/O port and is compatible with
most synchronous transfer formats including both the
Motorola 6805/11 series SPI and Intel 8051 series SSR
protocols. A sophisticated set of commands gives the user
control over calibration, PGIA gain, device selection, standby
mode, and several other features. The On-chip Calibration
Registers allow the user to read and write calibration data.
• Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)
PART
NUMBER
PART
MARKING
• 20mV to 2.5V Full Scale Input Ranges
• Internal PGIA with Gains of 1 to 128
• Serial Data I/O Interface, SPI Compatible
• Differential Analog and Reference Inputs
• Internal or System Calibration
• 120dB Rejection of 60/50Hz Line Noise
• Settling Time of 4 Conversions (Max) for a Step Input
Applications
• Process Control and Measurement
• Industrial Weight Scales
• Part Counting Scales
• Seismic Monitoring
PACKAGE
PKG.
DWG. #
• Magnetic Field Monitoring
Related Literature
HI7191IP
HI7191IP
-40 to 85 20 Ld PDIP
E20.3
HI7191IPZ
(See Note)
HI7191IPZ
-40 to 85 20 Ld PDIP*
(Pb-free)
E20.3
HI7191IB
HI7191IB
-40 to 85 20 Ld SOIC
M20.3
HI7191IBZ
(See Note)
HI7191IBZ
-40 to 85 20 Ld SOIC
(Pb-free)
M20.3
HI7191IBZ-T HI7191IBZ
(See Note)
• 0.0015% Integral Non-Linearity (Typ)
• Laboratory Instrumentation
Ordering Information
TEMP.
RANGE
(°C)
• 20-Bit Resolution with No Missing Code
M20.3
-40 to 85 20 Ld SOIC
Tape and Reel
(Pb-free)
HI7190EVAL Evaluation Kit
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free
material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100%
matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and
compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow
temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of
IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
• Technical Brief TB363 “Guidelines for Handling and
Processing Moisture Sensitive Surface Mount Devices
(SMDs)”
• TB348 “HI7190/1 Negative Full Scale Error vs
Conversion Frequency”
• AN9504 “A Brief Intro to Sigma Delta Conversion”
• TB329 “Intersil Sigma Delta Calibration Technique”
• AN9505 “Using the HI7190 Evaluation Kit”
• TB331 “Using the HI7190 Serial Interface”
• AN9527 “Interfacing HI7190 to a Microcontroller”
• AN9532 “Using HI7190 in a Multiplexed System”
• AN9601 “Using HI7190 with a Single +5V Supply”
*Pb-free PDIPs can be used for through hole wave solder processing
only. They are not intended for use in Reflow solder processing
applications.
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Page 1 of 25
HI7191
Pinout
HI7191 (PDIP, SOIC)
TOP VIEW
SCLK
1
SDO
2
19 SYNC
SDIO
3
18 RESET
CS
4
17 OSC1
20 MODE
DRDY
5
16 OSC2
DGND
6
15 DVDD
AVSS
7
14 AGND
VRLO
8
13 AVDD
VRHI
9
12 VINHI
11 VINLO
VCM 10
Functional Block Diagram
VRHI
AVDD
REFERENCE
INPUTS
TRANSDUCER
BURN-OUT
CURRENT
VINHI

MODULATOR
PGIA

VINLO
VRLO



DIGITAL FILTER
1
1-BIT
D/A
VCM
CONTROL AND SERIAL INTERFACE UNIT
SERIAL INTERFACE
UNIT
CLOCK
GENERATOR
OSC1
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
OSC2
CONTROL REGISTER
DRDY RESET SYNC
CS
MODE
SCLK SDIO
SDO
Page 2 of 25
HI7191
Typical Application Schematic
10MHz
17
13
+5V
+
16
15
OSC1 OSC2
DVDD
AVDD
4.7F
4.7F
0.1F
INPUT
+
INPUT
-
12
11
10
R1
+5V
+
SCLK
VINHI
VINLO
SDIO
VCM
SDO
0.1F
1
3
2
DATA I/O
DATA OUT
19
SYNC
+2.5V
REFERENCE
9
8
7
-5V
+
0.1F
VRHI
CS
VRLO
DRDY
AVSS
CS
5
18
RESET
4.7F
AGND
14
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
SYNC
4
MODE
DGND
DRDY
RESET
20
6
Page 3 of 25
HI7191
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage
AVDD to AGND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +5.5V
AVSS to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.5V
DVDD to DGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +5.5V
DGND to AGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3V
Analog Input Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AVSS to AVDD
Digital Input, Output and I/O Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DGND to DVDD
ESD Tolerance (No Damage)
Human Body Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500V
Machine Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+100V
Charged Device Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1000V
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1)
JA (°C/W)
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125
SOIC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
Maximum Junction Temperature
Plastic Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . -65°C to 150°C
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s). . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C
(SOIC - Lead Tips Only)
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to 85°C
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE:
1. JA is measured with the component mounted on a low effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
Electrical Specifications
AVDD = +5V, AVSS = -5V, DVDD = +5V, VRHI = +2.5V, VRLO = AGND = 0V, VCM = AGND,
PGIA Gain = 1, OSCIN = 10MHz, Bipolar Input Range Selected, fN = 10Hz
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.0015
0.003
%FS
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Integral Non-Linearity, INL
End Point Line Method (Notes 3, 5, 6)
-
Differential Non-Linearity
(Note 2)
No Missing codes to 20-Bits
LSB
Offset Error, VOS
(See Table 1)
-
-
-
-
Offset Error Drift
VINHI = VINLO (Notes 3, 8)
-
1
-
V/ °C
Full Scale Error, FSE
VINHI - VINLO = +2.5V (Notes 3, 5, 8, 10)
-
-
-
-
Noise, eN
(See Table 1)
-
-
-
-
Common Mode Rejection Ratio, CMRR
VCM = 0V, VINHI = VINLO from -2V to +2V
-
70
-
dB
Normal Mode 50Hz Rejection
Filter Notch = 10Hz, 25Hz, 50Hz (Note 2)
120
-
-
dB
Normal Mode 60Hz Rejection
Filter Notch = 10Hz, 30Hz, 60Hz (Note 2)
120
-
-
dB
-
2
4
Conversions
0
-
VREF
V
- VREF
-
VREF
V
AVSS
-
AVDD
V
-
-
1.0
nA
Step Response Settling Time
ANALOG INPUTS
Input Voltage Range
Unipolar Mode (Note 9)
Input Voltage Range
Bipolar Mode (Note 9)
Common Mode Input Range
(Note 2)
Input Leakage Current, IIN
VIN = AVDD (Note 2)
Input Capacitance, CIN
-
5.0
-
pF
2.5
-
5
V
-
200
-
nA
Positive Full Scale Calibration Limit
-
-
1.2(VREF/Gain)
-
Negative Full Scale Calibration Limit
-
-
1.2(VREF/Gain)
-
Offset Calibration Limit
-
-
1.2(VREF/Gain)
-
0.2(VREF/Gain)
-
2.4(VREF/Gain)
-
2.0
-
-
V
-
-
0.8
V
Reference Voltage Range, VREF
(VREF = VRHI - VRLO)
Transducer Burn-Out Current, IBO
CALIBRATION LIMITS
Input Span
DIGITAL INPUTS
Input Logic High Voltage, VIH
Input Logic Low Voltage, VIL
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
(Note 11)
Page 4 of 25
HI7191
Electrical Specifications
AVDD = +5V, AVSS = -5V, DVDD = +5V, VRHI = +2.5V, VRLO = AGND = 0V, VCM = AGND,
PGIA Gain = 1, OSCIN = 10MHz, Bipolar Input Range Selected, fN = 10Hz (Continued)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Input Logic Current, II
VIN = 0V, +5V
-
1.0
10
A
Input Capacitance, CIN
VIN = 0V
-
5.0
-
pF
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
Output Logic High Voltage, VOH
IOUT = -100A (Note 7)
Output Logic Low Voltage, VOL
IOUT = 3mA (Note 7)
Output Three-State Leakage Current,
IOZ
VOUT = 0V, +5V (Note 7)
2.4
-
-
V
-
-
0.4
V
-10
1
10
A
-
10
-
pF
SCLK Minimum Cycle Time, tSCLK
200
-
-
ns
SCLK Minimum Pulse Width, tSCLKPW
50
-
-
ns
CS to SCLK Precharge Time, tPRE
50
-
-
ns
500
-
-
ns
Data Setup to SCLK Rising Edge
(Write), tDSU
50
-
-
ns
Data Hold from SCLK Rising Edge
(Write), tDHLD
0
-
-
ns
Data Read Access from Instruction Byte (Note 7)
Write, tACC
-
-
40
ns
Read Bit Valid from SCLK Falling Edge,
tDV
(Note 7)
-
-
40
ns
Last Data Transfer to Data Ready
Inactive, tDRDY
(Note 7)
-
35
-
ns
RESET Low Pulse Width
(Note 2)
100
-
-
ns
SYNC Low Pulse Width
(Note 2)
100
-
-
ns
Oscillator Clock Frequency
(Note 2)
0.1
-
10
MHz
Output Rise/Fall Time
(Note 2)
-
-
30
ns
Input Rise/Fall Time
(Note 2)
-
-
1
s
-
-
1.5
mA
Digital Output Capacitance, COUT
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
DRDY Minimum High Pulse Width
(Notes 2, 7)
POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
IAVDD
IAVSS
-
-
2.0
mA
IDVDD
SCLK = 4MHz
-
-
3.0
mA
Power Dissipation, Active PDA
SB = ‘0’
-
15
32.5
mW
Power Dissipation, Standby PDS
SB = ‘1’
-
5
-
mW
PSRR
(Note 3)
-
70
-
dB
NOTES:
2. Parameter guaranteed by design or characterization, not production tested.
3. Applies to both bipolar and unipolar input ranges.
4. These errors can be removed by re-calibrating at the desired operating temperature.
5. Applies after system calibration.
6. Fully differential input signal source is used.
7. See Load Test Circuit, Figure 10, R1 = 10k, CL = 50pF.
8. 1 LSB = 298nV at 24 bits for a Full Scale Range of 5V.
9. VREF = VRHI - VRLO.
10. These errors are on the order of the output noise shown in Table 1.
11. All inputs except OSC1. The OSC1 input VIH is 3.5V minimum.
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Page 5 of 25
HI7191
Timing Diagrams
tPRE
CS
tSCLK
tDSU
SCLK
tDHLD
1ST BIT
SDIO
tSCLKPW
tSCLKPW
2ND BIT
FIGURE 1. DATA WRITE TO HI7191
CS
SCLK
SDIO
1ST BIT
2ND BIT
SDO
tACC
tDV
FIGURE 2. DATA READ FROM HI7191
tDRDY
DRDY
CS
SCLK
SDIO
1
5
6
7
8
FIGURE 3. DATA READ FROM HI7191
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Page 6 of 25
HI7191
Pin Descriptions
20 LEAD
DIP, SOIC
PIN NAME
1
SCLK
Serial Interface Clock. Synchronizes serial data transfers. Data is input on the rising edge and output on the
falling edge.
2
SDO
Serial Data OUT. Serial data is read from this line when using a 3-wire serial protocol such as the
Motorola Serial Peripheral Interface.
3
SDIO
Serial Data IN or OUT. This line is bidirectional programmable and interfaces directly to the Intel Standard Serial
Interface using a 2-wire serial protocol.
4
CS
5
DRDY
An Active Low Interrupt indicating that a new data word is available for reading.
6
DGND
Digital Supply Ground.
7
AVSS
Negative Analog Power Supply (-5V).
8
VRLO
External Reference Input. Should be negative referenced to VRHI .
9
VRHI
External Reference Input. Should be positive referenced to VRLO .
10
VCM
Common Mode Input. Should be set to halfway between AVDD and AVSS .
11
VINLO
Analog Input LO. Negative input of the PGIA.
12
VINHI
Analog Input HI. Positive input of the PGIA. The VINHI input is connected to a current source that can be used to check the
condition of an external transducer. This current source is controlled via the Control Register.
13
AVDD
Positive Analog Power Supply (+5V).
14
AGND
Analog Supply Ground.
15
DVDD
Positive Digital Supply (+5V).
DESCRIPTION
Chip Select Input. Used to select the HI7191 for a serial data transfer cycle. This line can be tied to DGND.
16
OSC2
Used to connect a crystal source between OSC1 and OSC2 . Leave open otherwise.
17
OSC1
Oscillator Clock Input for the device. A crystal connected between OSC1 and OSC2 will provide a clock to the device,
or an external oscillator can drive OSC1 . The oscillator frequency should be 10MHz (Typ).
18
RESET
Active Low Reset Pin. Used to initialize the HI7191 registers, filter and state machines.
19
SYNC
Active Low Sync Input. Used to control the synchronization of a number of HI7191s. A logic ‘0’ initializes the converter.
20
MODE
Mode Pin. Used to select between Synchronous Self Clocking (Mode = 1) or Synchronous External Clocking
(Mode = 0) for the Serial Port.
Load Test Circuit
V1
R1
DUT
CL (INCLUDES STRAY
CAPACITANCE)
FIGURE 4.
ESD Test Circuits
R1
V

R2
CESD
HUMAN BODY
CESD = 100pF
R1 = 10M
R2 = 1.5k
DUT
R1
V
MACHINE MODEL
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006

R2
R1 = 1G
R2 = 1
DIELECTRIC
CESD = 200pF
R1 = 10M
R2 = 0
FIGURE 5A.
CHARGED DEVICE MODEL
DUT
FIGURE 5.
FIGURE 5B.
Page 7 of 25
HI7191
TABLE 1. NOISE PERFORMANCE WITH INPUT CONNECTED TO ANALOG GROUND
HERTZ
SNR
ENOB
P-P NOISE
(V)
RMS NOISE
(V)
GAIN = 1
HERTZ
SNR
ENOB
P-P NOISE
(V)
RMS NOISE
(V)
GAIN = 16
10
132.3
21.7
9.8
1.5
10
120.1
19.7
39.8
6.0
25
129.5
21.2
13.6
2.1
25
114.8
18.8
73.4
11.1
30
127.7
20.9
16.6
2.5
30
113.5
18.6
85.1
12.9
50
126.3
20.7
19.5
3.0
50
111.0
18.1
114.4
17.3
60
125.6
20.6
21.2
3.2
60
109.6
17.9
134.0
20.3
100
122.4
20.0
30.7
4.6
100
105.5
17.2
214.8
32.5
250
107.7
17.6
166.7
25.3
250
95.2
15.5
699.1
105.9
500
98.1
16.0
505.3
76.6
500
89.1
14.5
1417.7
214.8
1000
85.7
13.9
2101.8
318.5
1000
83.5
13.6
2686.0
407.0
2000
68.8
11.1
14661.6
2221.4
2000
62.6
10.1
30110.0
4562.1
GAIN = 2
GAIN = 32
10
129.2
21.2
14.0
2.1
10
113.2
18.5
88.8
13.5
25
125.7
20.6
20.9
3.2
25
109.0
17.8
142.7
21.6
30
124.5
20.4
24.1
3.7
30
108.2
17.7
157.4
23.8
50
123.4
20.2
27.3
4.1
50
104.7
17.1
235.8
35.7
60
122.5
20.1
30.3
4.6
60
105.0
17.1
227.8
34.5
100
118.1
19.3
50.0
7.6
100
102.3
16.7
310.5
47.0
250
106.1
17.3
199.5
30.2
250
93.4
15.2
861.1
130.5
500
96.9
15.8
580.1
87.9
500
87.1
14.2
1782.7
270.1
1000
84.4
13.7
2435.6
369.0
1000
78.2
12.7
4990.4
756.1
2000
67.8
11.0
16469.7
2495.4
2000
57.0
9.2
57311.1
8683.5
GAIN = 4
GAIN = 64
10
125.9
20.6
20.5
3.1
10
106.7
17.4
186.2
28.2
25
123.1
20.1
28.4
4.3
25
102.9
16.8
288.4
43.7
30
121.8
19.9
32.8
5.0
30
101.9
16.6
325.8
49.4
50
119.9
19.6
40.9
6.2
50
98.5
16.1
479.8
72.7
60
119.9
19.6
40.9
6.2
60
98.9
16.1
459.8
69.7
100
116.1
19.0
63.2
9.6
100
96.3
15.7
620.2
94.0
250
105.7
17.3
209.7
31.8
250
85.5
13.9
2133.5
323.3
500
96.6
15.8
597.8
90.6
500
78.1
12.7
5025.0
761.4
1000
84.3
13.7
2469.5
374.2
1000
66.7
10.8
18693.5
2832.3
2000
68.2
11.0
15656.1
2372.1
2000
50.5
8.1
120163.0
18206.5
10
124.7
20.4
23.4
3.5
101.1
16.5
356.5
54.0
25
120.6
19.7
37.8
5.7
25
96.0
15.7
638.3
96.7
30
119.2
19.5
44.3
6.7
30
95.2
15.5
704.8
106.8
50
117.5
19.2
53.8
8.2
50
93.2
15.2
882.2
133.7
60
116.8
19.1
58.6
8.9
60
92.2
15.0
996.7
151.0
GAIN = 8
GAIN = 128
10
100
112.1
18.3
100.0
15.2
100
91.4
14.9
1086.6
164.6
250
101.4
16.5
345.2
52.3
250
79.4
12.9
4346.4
658.5
500
95.3
15.5
691.1
104.7
500
71.8
11.6
10439.2
1581.7
1000
83.1
13.5
2838.6
430.1
1000
60.1
9.7
39923.0
6048.9
2000
68.3
11.1
15494.7
2347.7
2000
44.8
7.1
233238.2
35339.1
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Page 8 of 25
HI7191
Definitions
Integral Non-Linearity, INL, is the maximum deviation of
any digital code from a straight line passing through the
endpoints of the transfer function. The endpoints of the
transfer function are zero scale (a point 0.5 LSB below the
first code transition 000...000 and 000...001) and full scale (a
point 0.5 LSB above the last code transition 111...110 to
111...111).
Differential Non-Linearity, DNL, is the deviation from the
actual difference between midpoints and the ideal difference
between midpoints (1 LSB) for adjacent codes. If this
difference is equal to or more negative than 1 LSB, a code
will be missed.
Offset Error, VOS , is the deviation of the first code transition
from the ideal input voltage (VIN - 0.5 LSB). This error can
be calibrated to the order of the noise level shown in Table 1.
Full Scale Error, FSE, is the deviation of the last code
transition from the ideal input full scale voltage
(VIN- + VREF/Gain - 1.5 LSB). This error can be calibrated
to the order of the noise level shown in Table 1.
Input Span, defines the minimum and maximum input
voltages the device can handle while still calibrating properly
for gain.
Noise, eN , Table 1 shows the peak-to-peak and RMS noise
for typical notch and -3dB frequencies. The device
programming was for bipolar input with a VREF of +2.5V. This
implies the input range is 5V. The analysis was performed on
100 conversions with the peak-to-peak output noise being
the difference between the maximum and minimum readings
over a rolling 10 conversion window. The equation to convert
the peak-to-peak noise data to ENOB is:
ENOB = Log2 (VFS/VNRMS)
where: VFS = 5V, VNRMS = VNP-P/CF and
CF = 6.6 (Imperical Crest Factor)
The noise from the part comes from two sources, the
quantization noise from the analog-to-digital conversion
process and device noise. Device noise (or Wideband
Noise) is independent of gain and essentially flat across the
frequency spectrum. Quantization noise is ratiometric to
input full scale (and hence gain) and its frequency response
is shaped by the modulator.
Looking at Table 1, as the cutoff frequency increases the
output noise increases. This is due to more of the
quantization noise of the part coming through to the output
and, hence, the output noise increases with increasing
-3dB frequencies. For the lower notch settings, the output
noise is dominated by the device noise and, hence, altering
the gain has little effect on the output noise. At higher notch
frequencies, the quantization noise dominates the output
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
noise and, in this case, the output noise tends to decrease
with increasing gain.
Since the output noise comes from two sources, the effective
resolution of the device (i.e., the ratio of the input full scale to
the output RMS noise) does not remain constant with
increasing gain or with increasing bandwidth. It is possible to
do post-filtering (such as brick wall filtering) on the data to
improve the overall resolution for a given -3dB frequency
and also to further reduce the output noise.
Circuit Description
The HI7191 is a monolithic, sigma delta A/D converter which
operates from 5V supplies and is intended for
measurement of wide dynamic range, low frequency signals.
It contains a Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier
(PGIA), sigma delta ADC, digital filter, bidirectional serial port
(compatible with many industry standard protocols), clock
oscillator, and an on-chip controller.
The signal and reference inputs are fully differential for
maximum flexibility and performance. Normally VRHI and
VRLO are tied to +2.5V and AGND respectively. This allows
for input ranges of 2.5V and 5V when operating in the
unipolar and bipolar modes respectively (assuming the PGIA
is configured for a gain of 1). The internal PGIA provides
input gains from 1 to 128 and eliminates the need for
external pre-amplifiers. This means the device will convert
signals ranging from 0V to +20mV and 0V to +2.5V when
operating in the unipolar mode or signals in the range of
20mV to 2.5V when operating in the bipolar mode.
The input signal is continuously sampled at the input to the
HI7191 at a clock rate set by the oscillator frequency and the
selected gain. This signal then passes through the sigma
delta modulator (which includes the PGIA) and emerges as a
pulse train whose code density contains the analog signal
information. The output of the modulator is fed into the sinc3
digital low pass filter. The filter output passes into the
calibration block where offset and gain errors are removed.
The calibrated data is then coded (2’s complement, offset
binary or binary) before being stored in the Data Output
Register. The Data Output Register update rate is
determined by the first notch frequency of the digital filter.
This first notch frequency is programmed into HI7191 via the
Control Register and has a range of 10Hz to 1.953kHz which
corresponds to -3dB frequencies of 2.62Hz and 512Hz
respectively.
Output data coding on the HI7191 is programmable via the
Control Register. When operating in bipolar mode, data
output can be either 2’s complement or offset binary. In
unipolar mode output is binary.
The DRDY signal is used to alert the user that new output
data is available. Converted data is read via the HI7191
serial I/O port which is compatible with most synchronous
Page 9 of 25
HI7191
transfer formats including both the Motorola 6805/11 series
SPI and Intel 8051 series SSR protocols. Data Integrity is
always maintained at the HI7191 output port. This means
that if a data read of conversion N is begun but not finished
before the next conversion (conversion N + 1) is complete,
the DRDY line remains active (low) and the data being read
is not overwritten.
The HI7191 provides many calibration modes that can be
initiated at any time by writing to the Control Register. The
device can perform system calibration where external
components are included with the HI7191 in the calibration
loop or self-calibration where only the HI7191 itself is in the
calibration loop. The On-chip Calibration Registers are
read/write registers which allow the user to read calibration
coefficients as well as write previously determined
calibration coefficients.
Circuit Operation
The analog and digital supplies and grounds are separate
on the HI7191 to minimize digital noise coupling into the
analog circuitry. Nominal supply voltages are AVDD = +5V,
DVDD = +5V, and AVSS = -5V. If the same supply is used
for AVDD and DVDD it is imperative that the supply is
separately decoupled to the AVDD and DVDD pins on the
HI7191. Separate analog and digital ground planes should
be maintained on the system board and the grounds should
be tied together back at the power supply.
When the HI7191 is powered up it needs to be reset by
pulling the RESET line low. The reset sets the internal
registers of the HI7191 as shown in Table 2 and puts the part
in the bipolar mode with a gain of 1 and offset binary coding.
The filter notch of the digital filter is set at 30Hz while the I/O
is set up for bidirectional I/O (data is read and written on the
SDIO line and SDO is three-stated), descending byte order,
and MSB first data format. A self calibration is performed
before the device begins converting. DRDY goes low when
valid data is available at the output.
TABLE 2. REGISTER RESET VALUES
REGISTER
VALUE (HEX)
Data Output Register
XXXX (Undefined)
Control Register
28B300
Offset Calibration Register
Self Calibration Value
Positive Full Scale Calibration
Register
Self Calibration Value
Negative Full Scale Calibration
Register
Self Calibration Value
synchronized. If the configuration is changed such that the
device is in any one of the calibration modes, a new
calibration is performed before normal conversions continue.
If the device is written to the conversion mode, a new
calibration is NOT performed (A new calibration is
recommended any time data is written to the Control
Register). In either case, DRDY goes low when valid data is
available at the output.
If a single data byte is written to byte 0 of the Control
Register, the device assumes the gain has NOT been
changed. It is up to the user to re-calibrate the device if the
gain is changed in this manner. For this reason it is
recommended that the entire Control Register be written
when changing the gain of the device. This ensures that the
part is re-calibrated (if in a calibration mode) before the
DRDY output goes low indicating that valid data is available.
The calibration registers can be read via the serial interface
at any time. However, care must be taken when writing data
to the calibration registers. If the HI7191 is internally
updating any calibration register the user can not write to
that calibration register. See the Operational Modes section
for details on which calibration registers are updated for the
various modes.
Since access to the calibration registers is asynchronous to
the conversion process the user is cautioned that new
calibration data may not be used on the very next set of
“valid” data after a calibration register write. It is guaranteed
that the new data will take effect on the second set of output
data. Non-calibrated data can be obtained from the device
by writing 000000 (h) to the Offset Calibration Register,
800000 (h) to the Positive Full Scale Calibration Register,
and 800000 (h) to the Negative Full Scale Calibration
Register. This sets the offset correction factor to 0 and the
positive and negative gain slope factors to 1.
If several HI7191s share a system master clock the SYNC
pin can be used to synchronize their operation. A common
SYNC input to multiple devices will synchronize operation
such that all output registers are updated simultaneously. Of
course the SYNC pin would normally be activated only after
each HI7191 has been calibrated or has had calibration
coefficients written to it.
The SYNC pin can also be used to control the HI7191 when
an external multiplexer is used with a single HI7191. The
SYNC pin in this application can be used to guarantee a
maximum settling time of 3 conversion periods when
switching channels on the multiplexer.
Analog Section Description
The configuration of the HI7191 is changed by writing new
setup data to the Control Register. Whenever data is written
to byte 2 and/or byte 1 of the Control Register the part
assumes that a critical setup parameter is being changed
which means that DRDY goes high and the device is re-
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Figure 6 shows a simplified block diagram of the analog
modulator front end of a sigma delta A/D Converter. The
input signal VIN comes into a summing junction (the PGIA in
this case) where the previous modulator output is subtracted
from it. The resulting signal is then integrated and the output
Page 10 of 25
HI7191
of the integrator goes into the comparator. The output of the
comparator is then fed back via a 1-bit DAC to the summing
junction. The feedback loop forces the average of the fed
back signal to be equal to the input signal VIN .
PGIA
+
VIN
-
INTEGRATOR


COMPARATOR
+
-
DAC
VRHI
VRLO
FIGURE 6. SIMPLE MODULATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM
Analog Inputs
The analog input on the HI7191 is a fully differential input
with programmable gain capabilities. The input accepts both
unipolar and bipolar input signals and gains range from 1 to
128. The common mode range of this input is from AVSS to
AVDD provided that the absolute value of the analog input
voltage lies within the power supplies. The input impedance
of the HI7191 is dependent upon the modulator input
sampling rate and the sampling rate varies with the selected
PGIA gain. Table 3 below shows the sampling rates and
input impedances for the different gain settings of the
HI7191. Note that this table is valid only for a 10MHz master
clock. If the input clock frequency is changed then the input
impedance will change accordingly. The equation used to
calculate the input impedance is:
on the VINHI input is +1.25V to +3.75V. If VINLO is +1.25V
and the HI7191 is configured for bipolar mode with gain of 1
and a VREF of +2.5V, the analog input range on the VINHI
input is -1.25V to +3.75V.
Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier
The Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier allows the
user to directly interface low level sensors and bridges directly
to the HI7191. The PGIA has 4 selectable gain options of 1, 2,
4, 8 which are implemented by multiple sampling of the input
signal. Input signals can be gained up further to 16, 32, 64 or
128. These higher gains are implemented in the digital section
of the design to maintain a high signal to noise ratio through
the front end amplifiers. The gain is digitally programmable in
the Control Register via the serial interface. For optimum
PGIA performance the VCM pin should be tied to the mid point
of the analog supplies.
Differential Reference Input
The reference inputs of the of the HI7191, VRHI and VRLO ,
provide a differential reference input capability. The nominal
differential voltage (VREF = VRHI - VRLO) is +2.5V and the
common mode voltage cab be anywhere between AVSS and
AVDD . Larger values of VREF can be used without
degradation in performance with the maximum reference
voltage being VREF = +5V. Smaller values of VREF can also
be used but performance will be degraded since the LSB
size is reduced.
The full scale range of the HI7191 is defined as:
FSRBIPOLAR = 2 x VREF /GAIN
ZIN = 1/(CIN x fS),
FSRUNIPOLAR = VREF /GAIN
where Cin is the nominal input capacitance (8pF) and fS is
the modulator sampling rate.
and VRHI must always be greater than VRLO for proper
operation of the device.
TABLE 3. EFFECTIVE INPUT IMPEDANCE vs GAIN
GAIN
SAMPLING RATE
(kHz)
INPUT IMPEDANCE
(M)
1
78.125
1.6
2
156.25
0.8
4
312.5
0.4
8, 16, 32, 64, 128
625
0.2
The reference inputs provide a high impedance dynamic
load similar to the analog inputs and the effective input
impedance for the reference inputs can be calculated in the
same manner as it is for the analog input impedance. The
only difference in the calculation is that CIN for the reference
inputs is 10.67pF. Therefor, the input impedance range for
the reference inputs is from 149k in a gain of 8 or higher
mode to 833k in the gain of 1 mode.
VCM Input
Bipolar/Unipolar Input Ranges
The input on the HI7191 can accept either unipolar or bipolar
input voltages. Bipolar or unipolar options are chosen by
programming the B/U bit of the Control Register.
Programming the part for either unipolar or bipolar operation
does not change the input signal conditioning.
The inputs are differential, and as a result are referenced to
the voltage on the VINLO input. For example, if VINLO is
+1.25V and the HI7191 is configured for unipolar operation
with a gain of 1 and a VREF of +2.5V, the input voltage range
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
The voltage at the VCM input is the voltage that the internal
analog circuitry is referenced to and should always be tied to
the midpoint of the AVDD and AVSS supplies. This point
provides a common mode input voltage for the internal
operational amplifiers and must be driven from a low noise,
low impedance source if it is not tied to analog ground.
Failure to do so will result in degraded HI7191 performance.
It is recommended that VCM be tied to analog ground when
operating off of AVDD = +5V and AVSS = -5V supplies.
VCM also determines the headroom at the upper and lower ends
of the power supplies which is limited by the common mode input
Page 11 of 25
HI7191
range where the internal operational amplifiers remain in the
linear, high gain region of operation. The HI7191 is designed to
have a range of AVSS +1.8V < VCM < AVDD - 1.8V. Exceeding
this range on the VCM pin will compromise the device
performance.
Digital Filtering
Transducer Burn-Out Current Source
One advantage of digital filtering is that it occurs after the
conversion process and can remove noise introduced during
the conversion. It can not, however, remove noise present
on the analog signal prior to the ADC (which an analog filter
can).
The VINHI input of the HI7191 contains a 500nA (Typ) current
source which can be turned on/off via the Control Register.
This current source can be used in checking whether a
transducer has burnt-out or become open before attempting
to take measurements on that channel. When the current
source is turned on an additional offset will be created
indicating the presence of a transducer. The current source is
controlled by the BO bit (Bit 4) in the Control Register and is
disabled on power up. See Figure 7 for an applications circuit.
One problem with the modulator/digital filter combination is
that excursions outside the full scale range of the device
could cause the modulator and digital filter to saturate. This
device has headroom built in to the modulator and digital
filter which tolerates signal deviations up to 33% outside of
the full scale range of the device. If noise spikes can drive
the input signal outside of this extended range, it is
recommended that an input analog filter is used or the
overall input signal level is reduced.
Low Pass Decimation Filter
HI7191
The digital low-pass filter is a Hogenauer (sinc3) decimating
filter. This filter was chosen because it is a cost effective low
pass decimating filter that minimizes the need for internal
multipliers and extensive storage and is most effective when
used with high sampling or oversampling rates. Figure 9
shows the frequency characteristics of the filter where fC is
the -3dB frequency of the input signal and fN is the
programmed notch frequency. The analog modulator sends
a one bit data stream to the filter at a rate of that is
determined by:
AVDD
RATIOMETRIC
CONFIGURATION
CURRENT
SOURCE
LOAD CELL
VRHI
VRLO
VINHI
fMODULATOR = fOSC/128
VINLO
fMODULATOR = 78.125kHz for fOSC = 10MHz.
AVSS
The filter then converts the serial modulator data into 40-bit
words for processing by the Hogenauer filter. The data is
decimated in the filter at a rate determined by the CODE
word FP10-FP0 (programed by the user into the Control
Register) and the external clock rate. The equation is:
FIGURE 7. BURN-OUT CURRENT SOURCE CIRCUIT
Digital Section Description
A block diagram of the digital section of the HI7191 is shown
in Figure 8. This section includes a low pass decimation
filter, conversion controller, calibration logic, serial interface,
and clock generator.
MODULATOR OUTPUT
MODULATOR
CLOCK
DIGITAL
FILTER
CLOCK
GENERATOR
CALIBRATION
AND CONTROL
SERIAL I/O
OSC2
OSC1
SDO
SDIO
SCLK
CS
DRDY
fNOTCH = fOSC /(512 x CODE).
The Control Register has 11 bits that select the filter cutoff
frequency and the first notch of the filter. The output data
update rate is equal to the notch frequency. The notch
frequency sets the Nyquist sampling rate of the device while
the -3dB point of the filter determines the frequency
spectrum of interest (fS). The FP bits have a usable range of
10 through 2047 where 10 yields a 1.953kHz Nyquist rate.
The Hogenauer filter contains alias components that reflect
around the notch frequency. If the spectrum of the frequency
of interest reaches the alias component, the data has been
aliased and therefore undersampled.
Filter Characteristics
SYNC
RESET
FIGURE 8. DIGITAL SECTION BLOCK DIAGRAM
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Please note: We have recently discovered a
performance anomaly with the HI7191. The problem
occurs when the digital code for the notch filter is
programmed within certain frequencies. We believe the
error is caused by the calibration logic and the digital
Page 12 of 25
HI7191
notch code NOT the absolute frequency. The error is
seen when the user applies mid-scale (0V input, Bipolar
mode). With this input, the expected digital output
should be mid-scale (800000h). Instead, there is a small
probability, of an erroneous negative full scale (000000h)
output. Refer to Technical Brief TB348 for complete
details.
The FP10 to FP0 bits programmed into the Control Register
determine the cutoff (or notch) frequency of the digital filter.
The allowable code range is 00AH . This corresponds to a
maximum and minimum cutoff frequency of 1.953kHz and
10Hz, respectively when operating at a clock frequency of
10MHz. If a 1MHz clock is used then the maximum and
minimum cutoff frequencies become 195.3kHz and 1Hz,
respectively. A plot of the (sinx/x)3 digital filter characteristics
is shown in Figure 10. This filter provides greater than 120dB
of 50Hz or 60Hz rejection. Changing the clock frequency or
the programming of the FP bits does not change the shape
of the filter characteristics, it merely shifts the notch
frequency. This low pass digital filter at the output of the
converter has an accompanying settling time for step inputs
just as a low pass analog filter does. New data takes
between 3 and 4 conversion periods to settle and update on
the serial port with a conversion period tCONV being equal to
1/fN .
0
gain errors in the system. The DC input impedance at the
inputs is >1G but it is a dynamic load that changes with
clock frequency and selected gain. The input sample rate,
also dependent upon clock frequency and gain, determines
the allotted time for the input capacitor to charge. The
addition of external components may cause the charge time
of the capacitor to increase beyond the allotted time. The
result of the input not settling to the proper value is a system
gain error which can be eliminated by system calibration of
the HI7191.
Clocking/Oscillators
The master clock into the HI7191 can be supplied by either a
crystal connected between the OSC1 and OSC2 pins as
shown in Figure 10A or a CMOS compatible clock signal
connected to the OSC1 pin as shown in Figure 10B. The
input sampling frequency, modulator sampling frequency,
filter -3dB frequency, output update rate, and calibration time
are all directly related to the master clock frequency, fOSC .
For example, if a 1MHz clock is used instead of a 10MHz
clock, what is normally a 10Hz conversion rate becomes a
1Hz conversion rate. Lowering the clock frequency will also
lower the amount of current drawn from the power supplies.
Please note that the HI7191 specifications are written for a
10MHz clock only.
10MHz
ALIAS BAND
fN fC
AMPLITUDE (dB)
-20
17
16
OSC1
OSC2
HI7191
-40
-60
FIGURE 10A.
-80
10MHz
NO
CONNECTION
-100
17
-120
fC
fN
2fN
3fN
OSC1
4fN
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 9. LOW PASS FILTER FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS
Input Filtering
The digital filter does not provide rejection at integer
multiples of the modulator sampling frequency. This implies
that there are frequency bands where noise passes to the
output without attenuation. For most cases this is not a
problem because the high oversampling rate and noise
shaping characteristics of the modulator cause this noise to
become a small portion of the broadband noise which is
filtered. However, if an anti-alias filter is necessary a single
pole RC filter is usually sufficient.
If an input filter is used the user must be careful that the
source impedance of the filter is low enough not to cause
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
16
HI7191
OSC2
FIGURE 10B.
FIGURE 10. OSCILLATOR CONFIGURATIONS
Operational Modes
The HI7191 contains several operational modes including
calibration modes for cancelling offset and gain errors of
both internal and external circuitry. A calibration routine
should be initiated whenever there is a change in the
ambient operating temperature or supply voltage. Calibration
should also be initiated if there is a change in the gain, filter
notch, bipolar, or unipolar input range. Non-calibrated data
can be obtained from the device by writing 000000 to the
Offset Calibration Register, 800000 (h) to the Positive Full
Page 13 of 25
HI7191
Scale Calibration Register, and 800000 (h) to the Negative
Full Scale Calibration Register. This sets the offset
correction factor to 0 and both the positive and negative gain
slope factors to 1.
The HI7191 offers several different modes of Self-Calibration
and System Calibration. For calibration to occur, the on-chip
microcontroller must convert the modulator output for three
different input conditions - “zero-scale,” “positive full scale,”
and “negative full scale”. With these readings, the HI7191
can null any offset errors and calculate the gain slope factor
for the transfer function of the converter. It is imperative that
the zero-scale calibration be performed before either of the
gain calibrations. However, the order of the gain calibrations
is not important.
The calibration modes are user selectable in the Control
Register by using the MD bits (MD2-MD0) as shown in
Table 6. DRDY will go low indicating that the calibration is
complete and there is valid data at the output.
TABLE 4. HI7191 OPERATIONAL MODES
MD2
MD1
MD0
OPERATIONAL MODE
0
0
0
Conversion
0
0
1
Self Calibration (Gain of 1 only)
0
1
0
System Offset Calibration
0
1
1
System Positive Full Scale Calibration
1
0
0
System Negative Full Scale Calibration
1
0
1
System Offset/Internal Gain Calibration
(Gain of 1 only)
1
1
0
System Gain Calibration
1
1
1
Reserved
Conversion Mode
For Conversion Mode operation the HI7191 converts the
differential voltage between VINHI and VINLO . From
switching into this mode it takes 3 conversion periods (3 x
1/fN) for DRDY to go low and new data to be valid. No
calibration coefficients are generated when operating in
Conversion Mode as data is calibrated using the existing
calibration coefficients.
Self-Calibration Mode
Please note: Self-calibration is only valid when
operating in a gain of one. In addition, the offset and
gain errors are not reduced as with the full system
calibration.
The Self-Calibration Mode is a three step process that
updates the Offset Calibration Register, the Positive Full
Scale Calibration Register, and the Negative Full Scale
Calibration Register. In this mode an internal offset
calibration is done by disconnecting the external inputs and
shorting the inputs of the PGIA together. After 3 conversion
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
periods the Offset Calibration Register is updated with the
value that corrects any internal offset errors.
After the offset calibration is completed the Positive and
Negative Full Scale Calibration Registers are updated. The
inputs VINHI and VINLO are disconnected and the external
reference is applied across the modulator inputs. The
HI7191 then takes 3 conversion cycles to sample the data
and update the Positive Full Scale Calibration Register. Next
the polarity of the reference voltage across the modulator
input terminals is reversed and after 3 conversion cycles the
Negative Full Scale Calibration Register is updated. The
values stored in the Positive and Negative Full Scale
Calibration Registers correct for any internal gain errors in
the A/D transfer function. After 3 more conversion cycles the
DRDY line will activate signaling that the calibration is
complete and valid data is present in the Data Output
Register.
System Offset Calibration Mode
The System Offset Calibration Mode is a single step process
that allows the user to lump offset errors of external circuitry
and the internal errors of the HI7191 together and null them
out. This mode will convert the external differential signal
applied to the VIN inputs and then store that value in the
Offset Calibration Register. The user must apply the zero
point or offset voltage to the HI7191 analog inputs and allow
the signal to settle before selecting this mode. After 4
conversion periods the DRDY line will activate signaling that
the calibration is complete and valid data is present in the
Data Output Register.
System Positive Full Scale Calibration Mode
The System Positive Full Scale Calibration Mode is a single
step process that allows the user to lump gain errors of
external circuitry and the internal errors of the HI7191
together and null them out. This mode will convert the
external differential signal applied to the VIN inputs and
stores the converted value in the Positive Full Scale
Calibration Register. The user must apply the +Full Scale
voltage to the HI7191 analog inputs and allow the signal to
settle before selecting this mode. After 4 conversion periods
the DRDY line will activate signaling the calibration is
complete and valid data is present in the Data Output
Register.
System Negative Full Scale Calibration Mode
The System Negative Full Scale Calibration Mode is a
single-step process that allows the user to lump gain errors
of external circuitry and the internal errors of the HI7191
together and null them out. This mode will convert the
external differential signal applied to the VIN inputs and
stores the converted value in the Negative Full Scale
Calibration Register. The user must apply the -Full Scale
voltage to the HI7191 analog inputs and allow the signal to
settle before selecting this mode. After 4 conversion periods
the DRDY line will activate signaling the calibration is
complete and valid data is present in the Data Output
Register.
Page 14 of 25
HI7191
System Offset/Internal Gain Calibration Mode
Please note: System Offset/Internal Gain is only valid
when operating in a gain of one. In addition, the offset
and gain errors are not reduced as with the full system
calibration.
The System Offset/Internal Gain Calibration Mode is a single
step process that updates the Offset Calibration Register,
the Positive Full Scale Calibration Register, and the
Negative Full Scale Calibration Register. First the external
differential signal applied to the VIN inputs is converted and
that value is stored in the Offset Calibration Register. The
user must apply the zero point or offset voltage to the
HI7191 analog inputs and allow the signal to settle before
selecting this mode.
After this is completed the Positive and Negative Full Scale
Calibration Registers are updated. The inputs VINHI and VINLO
are disconnected and the external reference is switched in. The
HI7191 then takes 3 conversion cycles to sample the data and
update the Positive Full Scale Calibration Register. Next the
polarity of the reference voltage across the VINHI and VINLO
terminals is reversed and after 3 conversion cycles the
Negative Full Calibration Register is updated. The values
stored in the Positive and Negative Full Scale Calibration
Registers correct for any internal gain errors in the A/D transfer
function. After 3 more conversion cycles, the DRDY line will
activate signaling that the calibration is complete and valid data
is present in the Data Output Register.
System Gain Calibration Mode
The Gain Calibration Mode is a single step process that
updates the Positive and Negative Full Scale Calibration
Registers. This mode will convert the external differential
signal applied to the VIN inputs and then store that value in
the Negative Full Scale Calibration Register. Then the
polarity of the input is reversed internally and another
conversion is performed. This conversion result is written to
the Positive Full Scale Calibration Register. The user must
apply the +Full Scale voltage to the HI7191 analog inputs
and allow the signal to settle before selecting this mode.
After 1 more conversion period the DRDY line will activate
signaling the calibration is complete and valid data is present
in the data output register.
Reserved
This mode is not used in the HI7191 and should not be
selected. There is no internal detection logic to keep this
condition from being selected and care should be taken not
to assert this bit combination.
Offset and Span Limits
There are limits to the amount of offset and gain which can
be adjusted out for the HI7191. For both bipolar and unipolar
modes the minimum and maximum input spans are
0.2 x VREF /GAIN and 1.2 x VREF /GAIN respectively.
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
In the unipolar mode the offset plus the span cannot exceed
the 1.2 x VREF /GAIN limit. So, if the span is at its minimum
value of 0.2 x VREF /GAIN, the offset must be less than 1 x
VREF /GAIN. In bipolar mode the span is equidistant around
the voltage used for the zero scale point. For this mode the
offset plus half the span cannot exceed 1.2 x VREF /GAIN. If
the span is at 0.2 x VREF /GAINthen the offset can not be
greater than 2 x VREF /GAIN.
Serial Interface
The HI7191 has a flexible, synchronous serial communication
port to allow easy interfacing to many industry standard
microcontrollers and microprocessors. The serial I/O is
compatible with most synchronous transfer formats, including
both the Motorola 6805/11 SPI and Intel 8051 SSR protocols.
The Serial Interface is a flexible 2-wire or 3-wire hardware
interface where the HI7191 can be configured to read and
write on a single bidirectional line (SDIO) or configured for
writing on SDIO and reading on the SDO line.
The interface is byte organized with each register byte having
a specific address and single or multiple byte transfers are
supported. In addition, the interface allows flexibility as to the
byte and bit access order. That is, the user can specify
MSB/LSB first bit positioning and can access bytes in
ascending/descending order from any byte position.
The serial interface allows the user to communicate with 5
registers that control the operation of the device.
Data Output Register - a 24-bit, read only register
containing the conversion results.
Control Register - a 24-bit, read/write register containing
the setup and operating modes of the device.
Offset Calibration Register - a 24-bit, read/write register
used for calibrating the zero point of the converter or system.
Positive Full Scale Calibration Register - a 24-bit,
read/write register used for calibrating the Positive Full Scale
point of the converter or system.
Negative Full Scale Calibration Register - a 24-bit,
read/write register used for calibrating the Negative Full
Scale point of the converter or system.
Two clock modes are supported. The HI7191 can accept the
serial interface clock (SCLK) as an input from the system or
generate the SCLK signal as an output. If the MODE pin is
logic low the HI7191 is in external clocking mode and the
SCLK pin is configured as an input. In this mode the user
supplies the serial interface clock and all interface timing
specifications are synchronous to this input. If the MODE pin
is logic high the HI7191 is in self-clocking mode and the
SCLK pin is configured as an output. In self-clocking mode,
SCLK runs at FSCLK = OSC1 /8 and stalls high at byte
boundaries. SCLK does NOT have the capability to stall low
in this mode. All interface timing specifications are
synchronous to the SCLK output.
Page 15 of 25
HI7191
Normal operation in self-clocking mode is as follows (See
Figure 12): CS is sampled low on falling OSC1 edges. The first
SCLK transition output is delayed 29 OSC1 cycles from the
next rising OSC1. SCLK transitions eight times and then stalls
high for 28 OSC1 cycles. After this stall period is completed
SCLK will again transition eight times and stall high. This
sequence will repeat continuously while CS is active.
The extra OSC1 cycle required when coming out of the CS
inactive state is a one clock cycle latency required to
properly sample the CS input. Note that the normal stall at
byte boundaries is 28 OSC1 cycles thus giving a SCLK rising
to rising edge stall period of 32 OSC1 cycles.
The effects of CS on the I/O are different for self-clocking
mode (MODE = 1) than for external mode (MODE = 0). For
external clocking mode CS inactive disables the I/O state
machine, effectively freezing the state of the I/O cycle. That
is, an I/O cycle can be interrupted using chip select and the
HI7191 will continue with that I/O cycle when re-enabled via
CS. SCLK can continue toggling while CS is inactive. If CS
goes inactive during an I/O cycle, it is up to the user to
ensure that the state of SCLK is identical when reactivating
CS as to what it was when CS went inactive. For read
operations in external clocking mode, the output will go
three-state immediately upon deactivation of CS.
For self-clocking mode (MODE = 1), the effects of CS are
different. If CS transitions high (inactive) during the period when
data is being transferred (any non stall time) the HI7191 will
complete the data transfer to the byte boundary. That is, once
SCLK begins the eight transition sequence, it will always
complete the eight cycles. If CS remains inactive after the byte
has been transferred it will be sampled and SCLK will remain
stalled high indefinitely. If CS has returned to active low before
the data byte transfer period is completed the HI7191 acts as if
CS was active during the entire transfer period.
It is important to realize that the user can interrupt a data
transfer on byte boundaries. That is, if the Instruction
Register calls for a 3 byte transfer and CS is inactive after
only one byte has been transferred, the HI7191, when
reactivated, will continue with the remaining two bytes before
looking for the next Instruction Register write cycle.
Note that the outputs will NOT go three-state immediately upon
CS inactive for read operations in self-clocking mode. In the
case of CS going inactive during a read cycle the outputs
remain driving until after the last data bit is transferred. In the
case of CS inactive during the clock stall time it takes 1 OSC1
cycle plus prop delay (Max) for the outputs to be disabled.
I/O Port Pin Descriptions
The serial I/O port is a bidirectional port which is used to
read the data register and read or write the control register
and calibration registers. The port contains two data lines, a
synchronous clock, and a status flag. Figure 11 shows a
diagram of the serial interface lines.
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
DATA OUT
BIDIRECTIONAL DATA
PORT CLOCK
CHIP SELECT
DEVICE STATUS
CLOCK MODE
SDO
SDIO
SCLK
HI7191
CS
DRDY
MODE
FIGURE 11. HI7191 SERIAL INTERFACE
SDO - Serial Data out. Data is read from this line using those
protocols with separate lines for transmitting and receiving
data. An example of such a standard is the Motorola Serial
Peripheral Interface (SPI) using the 68HC05 and 68HC11
family of microcontrollers, or other similar processors. In the
case of using bidirectional data transfer on SDIO, SDO does
not output data and is set in a high impedance state.
SDIO - Serial Data in or out. Data is always written to the
device on this line. However, this line can be used as a
bidirectional data line. This is done by properly setting up the
Control Register. Bidirectional data transfer on this line can
be used with Intel standard serial interfaces (SSR, Mode 0)
in MCS51 and MCS96 family of microcontrollers, or other
similar processors.
SCLK - Serial clock. The serial clock pin is used to
synchronize data to and from the HI7191 and to run the port
state machines. In Synchronous External Clock Mode, SCLK
is configured as an input, is supplied by the user, and can
run up to a 5MHz rate. In Synchronous Self Clocking Mode,
SCLK is configured as an output and runs at OSC1/8.
CS - Chip select. This signal is an active low input that
allows more than one device on the same serial
communication lines. The SDO and SDIO will go to a high
impedance state when this signal is high. If driven high
during any communication cycle, that cycle will be
suspended until CS reactivation. Chip select can be tied low
in systems that maintain control of SCLK.
DRDY - Data Ready. This is an output status flag from the
device to signal that the Data Output Register has been
updated with the new conversion result. DRDY is useful as an
edge or level sensitive interrupt signal to a microprocessor or
microcontroller. DRDY low indicates that new data is available
at the Data Output Register. DRDY will return high upon
completion of a complete Data Output Register read cycle.
MODE - Mode. This input is used to select between
Synchronous Self Clocking Mode (‘1’) or the Synchronous
External Clocking Mode (‘0’). When this pin is tied to VDD the
serial port is configured in the Synchronous Self Clocking
mode where the synchronous shift clock (SCLK) for the serial
port is generated by the HI7191 and has a frequency of
OSC1/8. When the pin is tied to DGND the serial port is
configured for the Synchronous External Clocking Mode
where the synchronous shift clock for the serial port is
generated by an external device up to a maximum frequency
of 5MHz.
Page 16 of 25
HI7191
29
33
37
41
45
89
121
125
OSC1
CS
SCLK
FIGURE 12. SCLK OUTPUT IN SELF-CLOCKING MODE
Programming the Serial Interface
It is useful to think of the HI7191 interface in terms of
communication cycles. Each communication cycle happens
in 2 phases. The first phase of every communication cycle
is the writing of an instruction byte. The second phase is
the data transfer as described by the instruction byte. It is
important to note that phase 2 of the communication cycle
can be a single byte or a multi-byte transfer of data. For
example, the 3-byte Data Output Register can be read
using one multi-byte communication cycle rather than three
single-byte communication cycles. It is up to the user to
maintain synchronism with respect to data transfers. If the
system processor “gets lost” the only way to recover is to
reset the HI7191. Figure 13 shows both a 2-wire and a
3-wire data transfer.
Several formats are available for reading from and writing to
the HI7191 registers in both the 2-wire and 3-wire protocols.
A portion of these formats is controlled by the CR<2:1> (BD
and MSB) bits which control the byte direction and bit order
of a data transfer respectively. These two bits can be written
in any combination but only the two most useful will be
discussed here.
The first combination is to reset both the BD and MSB bits
(BD = 0, MSB = 0). This sets up the interface for descending
byte order and MSB first format. When this combination is
used the user should always write the Instruction Register
such that the starting byte is the most significant byte
address. For example, read three bytes of DR starting with
the most significant byte. The first byte read will be the most
significant in MSB to LSB format. The next byte will be the
next least significant (recall descending byte order) again in
MSB to LSB order. The last byte will be the next lesser
significant byte in MSB to LSB order. The entire word was
read MSB to LSB format.
The second combination is to set both the BD and MSB bits
to 1. This sets up the interface for ascending byte order and
LSB first format. When this combination is used the user
should always write the Instruction Register such that the
starting byte is the least significant byte address. For
example, read three bytes of DR starting with the least
significant byte. The first byte read will be the least
significant in LSB to MSB format. The next byte will be the
next greater significant (recall ascending byte order) again in
LSB to MSB order. The last byte will be the next greater
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
significant byte in LSB to MSB order. The entire word was
read MSB to LSB format.
After completion of each communication cycle, The HI7191
interface enters a standby mode while waiting to receive a
new instruction byte.
CS
INSTRUCTION
BYTE
DATA
BYTE 1
DATA
BYTE 2
DATA
BYTE 3
SDIO
INSTRUCTION
CYCLE
DATA TRANSFER
FIGURE 13A. 2-WIRE, 3-BYTE READ OR WRITE TRANSFER
CS
INSTRUCTION
BYTE
SDIO
SDO
INSTRUCTION
CYCLE
DATA
BYTE 1
DATA
BYTE 2
DATA
BYTE 3
DATA TRANSFER
FIGURE 13B. 3-WIRE, 3-BYTE READ TRANSFER
Instruction Byte Phase
The instruction byte phase initiates a data transfer
sequence. The processor writes an 8-bit byte (Instruction
Byte) to the Instruction Register. The instruction byte informs
the HI7191 about the Data transfer phase activities and
includes the following information:
• Read or Write cycle
• Number of Bytes to be transferred
• Which register and starting byte to be accessed
Data Transfer Phase
In the data transfer phase, data transfer takes place as set
by the Instruction Register contents. See Write Operation
and Read Operation sections for detailed descriptions.
Page 17 of 25
HI7191
Instruction Register
Write Operation
The Instruction Register is an 8-bit register which is used during
a communications cycle for setting up read/write operations.
Data can be written to the Control Register, Offset
Calibration Register, Positive Full Scale Calibration Register,
and the Negative Full Scale Calibration Register. Write
operations are done using the SDIO, CS and SCLK lines
only, as all data is written into the HI7191 via the SDIO line
even when using the 3-wire configuration. Figures 14 and 15
show typical write timing diagrams.
MSB
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
R/W
MB1
MB0
FSC
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W - Bit 7 of the Instruction Register determines whether a
read or write operation will be done following the instruction
byte load. 0 = READ, 1 = WRITE.
MB1, MB0 - Bits 6 and 5 of the Instruction Register
determine the number of bytes that will be accessed
following the instruction byte load. See Table 5 for the
number of bytes to transfer in the transfer cycle.
TABLE 5. MULTIPLE BYTE ACCESS BITS
MB1
MB0
DESCRIPTION
0
0
Transfer 1 Byte
0
1
Transfer 2 Bytes
1
0
Transfer 3 Bytes
1
1
Transfer 4 Bytes
FSC - Bit 4 is used to determine whether a Positive Full
Scale Calibration Register I/O transfer (FSC = 0) or a
Negative Full Scale Calibration Register I/O transfer
(FSC = 1) is being performed (see Table 6).
A3, A2, A1, A0 - Bits 3 and 2 (A3 and A2) of the Instruction
Register determine which internal register will be accessed
while bits 1 and 0 (A1 and A0) determine which byte of that
register will be accessed first. See Table 6 for the address
decode.
TABLE 6. INTERNAL DATA ACCESS DECODE STARTING BYTE
FSC A3 A2 A1 A0
DESCRIPTION
X
0
0
0
0
Data Output Register, Byte 0
X
0
0
0
1
Data Output Register, Byte 1
X
0
0
1
0
Data Output Register, Byte 2
X
0
1
0
0
Control Register, Byte 0
X
0
1
0
1
Control Register, Byte 1
X
0
1
1
0
Control Register, Byte 2
X
1
0
0
0
Offset Cal Register, Byte 0
X
1
0
0
1
Offset Cal Register, Byte 1
X
1
0
1
0
Offset Cal Register, Byte 2
0
1
1
0
0
Positive Full Scale Cal Register, Byte 0
0
1
1
0
1
Positive Full Scale Cal Register, Byte 1
0
1
1
1
0
Positive Full Scale Cal Register, Byte 2
1
1
1
0
0
Negative Full Scale Cal Register, Byte 0
1
1
1
0
1
Negative Full Scale Cal Register, Byte 1
1
1
1
1
0
Negative Full Scale Cal Register, Byte 2
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
The communication cycle is started by asserting the CS line
low and starting the clock from its idle state. To assert a write
cycle, during the instruction phase of the communication
cycle, the Instruction Byte should be set to a write transfer
(R/W = 1).
When writing to the serial port, data is latched into the
HI7191 on the rising edge of SCLK. Data can then be
changed on the falling edge of SCLK. Data can also be
changed on the rising edge of SCLK due to the 0ns hold time
required on the data. This is useful in pipelined applications
where the data is latched on the rising edge of the clock.
Read Operation - 3-Wire Transfer
Data can be read from the Data Output Register, Control
Register, Offset Calibration Register, Positive Full Scale
Calibration Register, and the Negative Full Scale Calibration
Register. When configured in 3-wire transfer mode, read
operations are done using the SDIO, SDO, CS and SCLK
lines. All data is read via the SDO line. Figures 16 and 17
show typical 3-wire read timing diagrams.
The communication cycle is started by asserting the CS line
and starting the clock from its idle state. To assert a read
cycle, during the instruction phase of the communication
cycle, the Instruction Byte should be set to a read transfer
(R/W = 0).
When reading the serial port, data is driven out of the HI7191
on the falling edge of SCLK. Data can be registered
externally on the next rising edge of SCLK.
Read Operation - 2-Wire Transfer
Data can be read from the Data Output Register, Control
Register, Offset Calibration Register, Positive Full Scale
Calibration Register, and the Negative Full Scale Calibration
Register. When configured in two-wire transfer mode, read
operations are done using the SDIO, CS and SCLK lines. All
data is read via the SDIO line. Figures 18 and 19 show
typical 2-wire read timing diagrams.
The communication cycle is started by asserting the CS line
and starting the clock from its idle state. To assert a read cycle,
during the instruction phase of the communication cycle, the
Instruction Byte should be set to a read transfer (R/W = 0).
When reading the serial port, data is driven out of the HI7191
on the falling edge of SCLK. Data can be registered
externally on the next rising edge of SCLK.
Page 18 of 25
HI7191
Detailed Register Descriptions
BYTE 1
Data Output Register
The Data Output Register contains 24 bits of converted data.
This register is a read only register.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
BYTE 0
BYTE 2
MSB
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
D23
D22
D21
D20
D19
D18
D17
D16
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
IR WRITE PHASE
CS
DATA TRANSFER PHASE - TWO-BYTE WRITE
SCLK
SDIO
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
THREE-STATE
SDO
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15
THREE-STATE
FIGURE 14. DATA WRITE CYCLE, SCLK IDLE LOW
IR WRITE PHASE
CS
DATA TRANSFER PHASE - TWO-BYTE WRITE
SCLK
B15
SDIO
I0
I1
I2
SDO
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11 B12 B13 B14
THREE-STATE
THREE-STATE
FIGURE 15. DATA WRITE CYCLE, SCLK IDLE HIGH
IR WRITE PHASE
CS
DATA TRANSFER PHASE - TWO-BYTE READ
SCLK
SDIO
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
B15
SDO
B1
B0
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B8
B7
B9
B10 B11 B12 B13 B14
FIGURE 16. DATA READ CYCLE, 3-WIRE CONFIGURATION, SCLK IDLE LOW
IR WRITE PHASE
CS
DATA TRANSFER PHASE - TWO-BYTE READ
SCLK
SDIO
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
B15
SDO
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11 B12 B13 B14
FIGURE 17. DATA READ CYCLE, 3-WIRE CONFIGURATION, SCLK IDLE HIGH
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Page 19 of 25
HI7191
IR WRITE PHASE
CS
DATA TRANSFER PHASE - TWO-BYTE READ
SCLK
B15
SDIO
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
THREE-STATE
SDO
B8
B9
B10
B11 B12 B13 B14
THREE-STATE
FIGURE 18. DATA READ CYCLE, 2-WIRE CONFIGURATION, SCLK IDLE LOW
IR WRITE PHASE
CS
DATA TRANSFER PHASE - TWO-BYTE READ
SCLK
B15
I0
SDIO
I1
SDO
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
B0
B1
THREE-STATE
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11 B12 B13 B14
THREE-STATE
FIGURE 19. DATA READ CYCLE, 2-WIRE CONFIGURATION, SCLK IDLE HIGH
Control Register
The Control Register contains 24-bits to control the various
sections of the HI7191. This register is a read/write register.
BYTE 2
MSB
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
DC
FP10
FP9
FP8
FP7
FP6
FP5
FP4
BYTE 1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
FP3
FP2
FP1
FP0
MD2
MD1
MD0
B/U
BYTE 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
G2
G1
G0
BO
SB
BD
MSB
SDL
DC - Bit 23 is the Data Coding Bit used to select between
two’s complementary and offset binary data coding. When
this bit is set (DC = 1) the data in the Data Output Register
will be two’s complement. When cleared (DC = 0) this data
will be offset binary. When operating in the unipolar mode
the output data is available in straight binary only (the DC bit
is ignored). This bit is cleared after a RESET is applied to the
part.
FP10 through FP0 - Bits 22 through 12 are the Filter
programming bits that determine the frequency response of
the digital filter. These bits determine the filter cutoff
frequency, the position of the first notch and the data rate of
the HI7191. The first notch of the filter is equal to the
decimation rate and can be determined by the formula:
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
fNOTCH = fOSC /(512 x CODE)
where CODE is the decimal equivalent of the value in FP10
through FP0. The values that can be programmed into these
bits are 10 to 2047 decimal, which allows a conversion rate
range of 9.54Hz to 1.953kHz when using a 10MHz clock.
Changing the filter notch frequency, as well as the selected
gain, impacts resolution. The output data rate (or effective
conversion time) for the device is equal to the frequency
selected for the first notch to the filter. For example, if the
first notch of the filter is selected at 50Hz then a new word is
available at a 50Hz rate or every 20ms. If the first notch is at
1kHz a new word is available every 1ms.
The settling-time of the converter to a full scale step input
change is between 3 and 4 times the data rate. For example,
with the first filter notch at 50Hz, the worst case settling time
to a full scale step input change is 80ms. If the first notch is
1kHz, the settling time to a full scale input step is 4ms
maximum.
The -3dB frequency is determined by the programmed first
notch frequency according to the relationship:
f -3dB = 0.262 x fNOTCH .
MD2 through MD0 - Bits 11 through 9 are the Operational
Modes of the converter. See Table 4 for the Operational
Modes description. After a RESET is applied to the part
these bits are set to the self calibration mode.
B/U - Bit 8 is the Bipolar/Unipolar select bit. When this bit is
set the HI7191 is configured for bipolar operation. When this
bit is reset the part is in unipolar mode. This bit is set after a
RESET is applied to the part.
Page 20 of 25
HI7191
G2 through G0 - Bits 7 through 5 select the gain of the
input analog signal. The gain is accomplished through a
programmable gain instrumentation amplifier that gains up
incoming signals from 1 to 8. This is achieved by using a
switched capacitor voltage multiplier network preceding the
modulator. The higher gains (i.e., 16 to 128) are achieved
through a combination of a PGIA gain of 8 and a digital
multiply after the digital filter (see Table 7). The gain will
affect noise and Signal to Noise Ratio of the conversion.
These bits are cleared to a gain of 1 (G2, G1, G0 = 000) after
a RESET is applied to the part.
TABLE 7. GAIN SELECT BITS
G2
G1
G0
GAIN
GAIN ACHIEVED
0
0
0
1
PGIA = 1, Filter Multiply = 1
0
0
1
2
PGIA = 2, Filter Multiply = 1
0
1
0
4
PGIA = 4, Filter Multiply = 1
0
1
1
8
PGIA = 8, Filter Multiply = 1
1
0
0
16
PGIA = 8, Filter Multiply = 2
1
0
1
32
PGIA = 8, Filter Multiply = 4
1
1
0
64
PGIA = 8, Filter Multiply = 8
1
1
1
128
PGIA = 8, Filter Multiply = 16
BO - Bit 4 is the Transducer Burn-Out Current source
enable bit. When this bit is set (BO = 1) the burn-out current
source connected to VINHI internally is enabled. This current
source can be used to detect the presence of an external
connection to VINHI . This bit is cleared after a RESET is
applied to the part.
SB - Bit 3 is the Standby Mode enable bit used to put the
HI7191 in a lower power/standby mode. When this bit is set
(SB = 1) the filter nodes are halted, the DRDY line is set high
and the modulator clock is disabled. When this bit is cleared
the HI7191 begins operation as described by the contents of
the Control Register. For example, if the Control Register is
programmed for Self Calibration Mode and a notch
frequency to 10Hz, the HI7191 will perform the self
calibration before providing the data at the 10Hz rate. This
bit is cleared after a RESET is applied to the part.
BD - Bit 2 is the Byte Direction bit used to select the multibyte access ordering. The bit determines the either
ascending or descending order access for the multi-byte
registers. When set (BD = 1) the user can access multi-byte
registers in ascending byte order and when cleared (BD = 0)
the multi-byte registers are accessed in descending byte
order. This bit is cleared after a RESET is applied to the part.
MSB - Bit 1 is used to select whether a serial data transfer
is MSB or LSB first. This bit allows the user to change the
order that data can be transmitted or received by the
HI7191. When this bit is cleared (MSB = 0) the MSB is the
first bit in a serial data transfer. If set (MSB = 1), the LSB is
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
the first bit transferred in the serial data stream. This bit is
cleared after a RESET is applied to the part.
SDL - Bit 0 is the Serial Data Line control bit. This bit selects
the transfer protocol of the serial interface. When this bit is
cleared (SDL = 0), both read and write data transfers are
done using the SDIO line. When set (SDL = 1), write
transfers are done on the SDIO line and read transfers are
done on the SDO line. This bit is cleared after a RESET is
applied to the part.
Reading the Data Output Register
The HI7191 generates an active low interrupt (DRDY)
indicating valid conversion results are available for reading. At
this time the Data Output Register contains the latest
conversion result available from the HI7191. Data integrity is
maintained at the serial output port but it is possible to miss a
conversion result if the Data Output Register is not read within a
given period of time. Maintaining data integrity means that if a
Data Output Register read of conversion N is begun but not
finished before the next conversion (conversion N + 1) is
complete, the DRDY line remains active low and the data being
read is not overwritten.
In addition to the Data Output Register, the HI7191 has a one
conversion result storage buffer. No conversion results will be
lost if the following constraints are met.
1) A Data Output Register read cycle is started for a given
conversion (conversion X) 1/fN - (128*1/fOSC) after DRDY
initially goes active low. Failure to start the read cycle may
result in conversion X + 1 data overwriting conversion X results.
For example, with fOSC = 10MHz, fN = 2kHz, the read cycle
must start within 1/2000 - 128(1/106) = 487s after DRDY went
low.
2) The Data Output Register read cycle for conversion X must
be completed within 2(1/fN)-1440(1/fOSC) after DRDY initially
goes active low. If the read cycle for conversion X is not
complete within this time the results of conversion X + 1 are lost
and results from conversion X + 2 are now stored in the data
output word buffer.
Completing the Data Output Register read cycle inactivates the
DRDY interrupt. If the one word data output buffer is full when
this read is complete this data will be immediately transferred to
the Data Output Register and a new DRDY interrupt will be
issued after the minimum DRDY pulse high time is met.
Writing the Control Register
If data is written to byte 2 and/or byte 1 of the Control Register
the DRDY output is taken high and the device re-calibrates if
written to a calibration mode. This action is taken because it is
assumed that by writing byte 2 or byte 1 that the user either
reprogrammed the filter or changed modes of the part.
However, if a single data byte is written to byte 0, it is assumed
that the gain has NOT been changed. It is up to the user to recalibrate the HI7191 after the gain has been changed by this
method. It is recommended that the entire Control Register be
written to when changing the selected gain. This ensures that
the part is re-calibrated before the DRDY signal goes low
indicating valid data is available.
Page 21 of 25
HI7191
Offset Calibration Register
The Offset Calibration Register is a 24-bit register containing
the offset correction factor. This register is indeterminate on
power-up but will contain a Self Calibration correction value
after a RESET has been applied.
BYTE 1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
BYTE 0
BYTE 2
MSB
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
O23
O22
O21
O20
O19
O18
O17
O16
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
Negative Full Scale Calibration Register
BYTE 1
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
O15
O14
O13
O12
O11
O10
O9
O8
BYTE 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
O7
O6
O5
O4
O3
O2
O1
O0
The Offset Calibration Register holds the value that corrects
the filter output data to all 0’s when the analog input is 0V.
The Negative Full Scale Calibration Register is a 24-bit
register containing the Negative Full Scale correction
coefficient. This coefficient is used to determine the negative
gain slope factor. This register is indeterminate on power-up
but will contain a Self Calibration correction coefficient after
a RESET has been applied.
BYTE 2
MSB
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
N23
N22
N21
N20
N19
N18
N17
N16
Positive Full Scale Calibration Register
BYTE 1
The Positive Full Scale Calibration Register is a 24-bit
register containing the Positive Full Scale correction
coefficient. This coefficient is used to determine the positive
gain slope factor. This register is indeterminate on power-up
but will contain a Self Calibration correction coefficient after
a RESET has been applied.
BYTE 2
MSB
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
N15
N14
N13
N12
N11
N10
N9
N8
BYTE 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
LSB
N7
N6
N5
N4
N3
N2
N1
N0
Page 22 of 25
HI7191
Die Characteristics
DIE DIMENSIONS:
SUBSTRATE POTENTIAL (POWERED UP):
3550m x 6340m
AVSS
PASSIVATION:
METALLIZATION:
Type: Sandwich
Thickness: Nitride 8kÅ
USG 1kÅ
Type: AlSiCu
Thickness: Metal 2, 16kÅ
Metal 1, 6kÅ
Metallization Mask Layout
RESET
SYNC
MODE
SCLK
SDO
SDIO
HI7191
OSC1
CS
DRDY
OSC2
DGND
DVDD
AVSS
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
AVDD
VINHI
VINLO
VCM
VRHI
VRLO
AGND
Page 23 of 25
HI7191
Dual-In-Line Plastic Packages (PDIP)
N
E20.3 (JEDEC MS-001-AD ISSUE D)
E1
INDEX
AREA
1 2 3
20 LEAD DUAL-IN-LINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
N/2
INCHES
-B-
SYMBOL
-AD
E
BASE
PLANE
-C-
SEATING
PLANE
A2
A
L
D1
e
B1
D1
B
0.010 (0.25) M
C
L
eA
A1
eC
C A B S
C
eB
NOTES:
1. Controlling Dimensions: INCH. In case of conflict between English
and Metric dimensions, the inch dimensions control.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2
of Publication No. 95.
4. Dimensions A, A1 and L are measured with the package seated in
JEDEC seating plane gauge GS-3.
5. D, D1, and E1 dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions.
Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
6. E and eA are measured with the leads constrained to be perpendicular to datum -C- .
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
-
0.210
-
5.33
4
A1
0.015
-
0.39
-
4
A2
0.115
0.195
2.93
4.95
-
B
0.014
0.022
0.356
0.558
-
B1
0.045
0.070
1.55
1.77
8
C
0.008
0.014
0.204
0.355
-
D
0.980
1.060
24.89
26.9
5
D1
0.005
-
0.13
-
5
E
0.300
0.325
7.62
8.25
6
E1
0.240
0.280
6.10
7.11
5
e
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
-
eA
0.300 BSC
7.62 BSC
6
eB
-
0.430
-
10.92
7
L
0.115
0.150
2.93
3.81
4
N
20
20
9
Rev. 0 12/93
7. eB and eC are measured at the lead tips with the leads unconstrained. eC must be zero or greater.
8. B1 maximum dimensions do not include dambar protrusions. Dambar protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
9. N is the maximum number of terminal positions.
10. Corner leads (1, N, N/2 and N/2 + 1) for E8.3, E16.3, E18.3, E28.3,
E42.6 will have a B1 dimension of 0.030 - 0.045 inch (0.76 - 1.14mm).
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Page 24 of 25
HI7191
Small Outline Plastic Packages (SOIC)
M20.3 (JEDEC MS-013-AC ISSUE C)
20 LEAD WIDE BODY SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
N
INDEX
AREA
H
0.25(0.010) M
B M
INCHES
E
-B-
1
2
3
L
SEATING PLANE
-A-
A
D
h x 45°
-C-
e
A1
B
0.25(0.010) M
C
0.10(0.004)
C A M
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
NOTES
A
0.0926
0.1043
2.35
2.65
-
A1
0.0040
0.0118
0.10
0.30
-
B
0.014
0.019
0.35
0.49
9
C
0.0091
0.0125
0.23
0.32
-
D
0.4961
0.5118
12.60
13.00
3
E
0.2914
0.2992
7.40
7.60
4
e

B S
0.050 BSC
1.27 BSC
-
H
0.394
0.419
10.00
10.65
-
h
0.010
0.029
0.25
0.75
5
L
0.016
0.050
0.40
1.27
6
N

NOTES:
MILLIMETERS
20
0°
20
8°
0°
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section
2.2 of Publication Number 95.
7
8°
Rev. 2 6/05
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate
burrs. Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed
0.15mm (0.006 inch) per side.
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protrusions.
Interlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010
inch) per side.
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual
index feature must be located within the crosshatched area.
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
9. The lead width “B”, as measured 0.36mm (0.014 inch) or greater
above the seating plane, shall not exceed a maximum value of
0.61mm (0.024 inch)
10. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch
dimensions are not necessarily exact.
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For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil may modify the circuit design and/or specifications of products at any time without notice, provided that such
modification does not, in Intersil's sole judgment, affect the form, fit or function of the product. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that datasheets are
current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its
subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
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For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
FN4138 Rev 8.00
June 1, 2006
Page 25 of 25
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