TI1 LDC2112 Inductive touch solution for low-power hmi and button application Datasheet

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LDC2112, LDC2114
SNOSD15 – DECEMBER 2016
LDC2112, LDC2114 Inductive Touch Solution for Low-Power HMI and Button Applications
1 Features
3 Description
•
Inductive sensing technology enables touch button
design on a wide variety of materials such as metal,
glass, plastic, and wood, by measuring small
deflections of conductive targets. The sensor for an
inductive touch system is a coil that can be
implemented on a small, compact PCB located
behind the panel and protected from the environment.
The LDC2112/LDC2114 can reliably detect material
deflections of less than 200 nm.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Low Power Consumption:
– One Button: 6 µA at 0.625 SPS
– Two Buttons: 85 µA at 20 SPS
Configurable Button Scan Rates
– 0.625 SPS to 80 SPS
Force Level Measurement of Touch Buttons
Independent Channel Operation
– Two Channels for LDC2112
– Four Channels for LDC2114
Integrated Algorithms to Enable:
– Adjustable Force Threshold per Button
– Environmental Shift Compensation
– Simultaneous Button Press Detection
Supports Independent Operation without MCU
Robust EMI Performance
– CISPR 22 Class B and CISPR 24 Compliant
Supply Voltage: 1.8 V ± 5%
Temperature Range: –40 °C to +85 °C
Interface:
– I2C
– Dedicated Logic Output per Button
2 Applications
Touch buttons and force level measurements on
different materials, including metal, plastic, and
glass for:
•
•
Consumer electronics:
– Smartphones
– Smart watches and other wearable devices
– Smart speakers
– Tablets/PCs
– Virtual reality headsets
– Sound bars
Industrial applications:
– Televisions
– Handheld devices
– Home appliances
– HMI panels and keypads
The LDC2112/LDC2114 is a multi-channel low-noise
inductance to digital converter with integrated
algorithms to implement inductive touch applications.
The device employs an innovative LC resonator that
offers high rejection of noise and interference.
The LDC2112/LDC2114 includes an ultra-low power
mode intended for power on/off buttons in battery
powered applications.
The LDC2112/LDC2114 is available in a 16-pin
WCSP or TSSOP package. The 0.4 mm pitch WCSP
package has a very small 1.6 × 1.6 mm nominal body
size. The 1.2 mm pitch TSSOP package has a 5.0 ×
4.4 mm nominal body size.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
LDC2112/LDC2114
WCSP (16)
1.6 mm × 1.6 mm
LDC2112/LDC2114
TSSOP (16)
5.0 mm × 4.4 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
Simplified Schematic
VDD
LDC2114
OUT0
Digital
Algorithm
IN0
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
IN1
IN2
Resonant
Circuit
Driver
Inductive
Sensing Core
INTB
Logic
LPWRB
IN3
COM
I2C
SCL
SDA
GND
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. ADVANCE INFORMATION for pre-production products; subject to
change without notice.
ADVANCE INFORMATION
1
LDC2112, LDC2114
SNOSD15 – DECEMBER 2016
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
5
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
5
5
5
5
6
7
7
8
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Digital Interface .........................................................
I2C Interface ..............................................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 15
7.5 Register Maps ......................................................... 15
8
Application and Implementation ........................ 27
8.1 Application Information............................................ 27
8.2 Typical Application .................................................. 38
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 40
10 Layout................................................................... 40
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 40
10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 41
10.3 WCSP Light Sensitivity ........................................ 41
11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 42
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
Detailed Description ............................................ 10
ADVANCE INFORMATION
7.1 Overview ................................................................. 10
7.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 10
7.3 Feature Description................................................. 11
Related Links ........................................................
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Export Control Notice ...........................................
Glossary ................................................................
42
42
42
42
42
42
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 42
4 Revision History
2
DATE
REVISION
NOTES
December 2016
*
Initial release.
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
LDC2112
16-Pin WCSP
Top View (Bumps Down)
A
NC
B
NC
C
VDD
2
3
IN0
IN1
ADDR
INTB
LPW
SDA
4
COM
1
16
SCL
GND
2
15
OUT0
LPWRB
3
14
SDA
VDD
4
13
OUT1
GND
NC
OUT1
RB
GND
D
COM
SCL
LDC2112
INTB
5
12
NC
NC
6
11
ADDR
NC
7
10
GND
IN1
8
9
IN0
OUT0
ADVANCE INFORMATION
1
LDC2112
16-Pin TSSOP
Top View
Pin Functions - LDC2112
PIN
NAME
NO.
VDD
C1
GND
D1
A4
I/O (1)
DESCRIPTION
P
Power supply
G
Ground (2)
INTB
B2
O
Interrupt output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x11. Default is active low.
LPWRB
C2
I
Normal / Low Power Mode select
Set LPWRB to VDD for Normal Power Mode or ground for Low Power Mode.
COM
D2
A
Common return current path for all LC resonator sensors
A capacitor should be connected from this pin to GND. Refer to Setting COM Pin Capacitor.
IN0
A3
A
Channel 0 LC sensor input
IN1
A2
A
Channel 1 LC sensor input
OUT0
D4
O
Channel 0 logic output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x1C.
OUT1
C4
O
Channel 1 logic output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x1C.
ADDR
B3
I
I2C address
When ADDR = Low, I2C address = 0x2A. When ADDR = High, I2C address = 0x2B.
SCL
D3
I
I2C clock
SDA
C3
I/O
I2C data
—
No connect
Leave them floating.
A1
NC
B1
B4
(1)
(2)
I = Input, O = Output, P=Power, G=Ground, A=Analog
Both pins should be connected to the system ground on the PCB.
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LDC2114
16-Pin WCSP
Top View (Bumps Down)
A
B
1
2
3
4
IN2
IN1
IN0
GND
IN3
INTB
OUT3
LDC2114
16-Pin TSSOP
Top View
COM
1
16
SCL
GND
2
15
OUT0
LPWRB
3
14
SDA
VDD
4
13
OUT1
OUT2
LDC2114
C
VDD
LPW
SDA
OUT1
RB
GND
D
COM
SCL
OUT0
INTB
5
12
OUT2
IN3
6
11
OUT3
IN2
7
10
GND
IN1
8
9
IN0
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Pin Functions - LDC2114
PIN
NAME
NO.
VDD
C1
D1
GND
A4
I/O (1)
DESCRIPTION
P
Power supply
G
Ground (2)
INTB
B2
O
Interrupt output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x11. Default is active low.
LPWRB
C2
I
Normal / Low Power Mode select
Set LPWRB to VDD for Normal Power Mode or ground for Low Power Mode.
COM
D2
A
Common return current path for all LC resonator sensors
A capacitor should be connected from this pin to GND. Refer to Setting COM Pin Capacitor.
IN0
A3
A
Channel 0 LC sensor input
IN1
A2
A
Channel 1 LC sensor input
IN2
A1
A
Channel 2 LC sensor input
IN3
B1
A
Channel 3 LC sensor input
OUT0
D4
O
Channel 0 logic output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x1C.
OUT1
C4
O
Channel 1 logic output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x1C.
OUT2
B4
O
Channel 2 logic output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x1C.
OUT3
B3
O
Channel 3 logic output
Polarity can be configured in Register 0x1C.
SCL
D3
I
I2C clock
SDA
C3
I/O
(1)
(2)
4
I2C data
I2C address = 0x2A.
I = Input, O = Output, P=Power, G=Ground, A=Analog
Both pins should be connected to the system ground on the PCB.
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted. (1)
MAX
UNIT
Supply voltage
MIN
2
V
Vi
Voltage on any pin
–0.3
2
(2)
V
TJ
Junction temperature
–40
85
℃
Tstg
Storage temperature
–65
125
°C
VDD
(1)
(2)
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Maximum voltage across any two pins is VDD + 0.3 V
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic
discharge
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001
UNIT
±1000
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 (2)
V
±250
ADVANCE INFORMATION
V(ESD)
(1)
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
Over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted.
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
VDD
Supply voltage
1.71
1.89
V
TJ
Junction temperature
–40
85
°C
6.4 Thermal Information
LDC2112/LDC2114
THERMAL METRIC (1)
YFD (WCSP)
(TSSOP)
16 PINS
16 PINS
UNIT
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
81.8
105.1
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
0.4
40.3
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
18.2
50.2
°C/W
ΨJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
0.3
3.6
°C/W
ΨJB
Junction-to-board characterization
parameter
18
49.6
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal
resistance
—
—
°C/W
(1)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics
Over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted. VDD = 1.8 V, TJ = 25 °C.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
1.71
1.8
1.89
V
POWER
VDD
Supply voltage
Normal power mode supply current (1)
IDDNP
(1)
4 buttons, 40 SPS per button, 1 ms
sampling window, LPRWB = 1,
QSENSOR = 11, LSENSOR = 0.85 µH,
CSENSOR = 58 pF, RP = 0.7 kΩ
0.47
mA
1 button, 1.25 SPS, 1 button, 1.25
SPS, 1 ms sampling window, LPRWB
= 0, QSENSOR = 11, LSENSOR = 0.85
µH, CSENSOR = 58 pF, RP = 0.7 kΩ
9
µA
5
IDDLP
Low power mode supply current
IDDSB
Standby supply current
No button active (EN = 0x00)
ISENSORMAX
Sensor maximum current drive
Registers SENSORn_CONFIG: RPn =
0 (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3)
RP,
min
Minimum sensor RP
RP,
max
Maximum sensor RP
10
µA
SENSOR
ADVANCE INFORMATION
fSENSOR
MIN
Minimum sensor quality factor
QSENSOR,
MAX
Maximum sensor quality factor
mA
350
Ω
10
Sensor resonant frequency
QSENSOR,
2.5
1
kΩ
30
MHz
5
30
VSENSOR
Sensor oscillation amplitude (peak-topeak)
CIN
Sensor pin input capacitance
Measured on the INn (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3)
pins with reference to COM.
0.9
V
17
pF
CONVERTER
SRNP,
min
Minimum normal power mode scan
rate (2)
SRNP,
max
Maximum normal power mode scan
rate (2)
SRLP, min
Minimum low power mode scan rate
SRLP, max
Maximum low power mode scan
rate (2)
Resolution
Output code width
(1)
(2)
6
(2)
LPWRB = 1
7
10
13
SPS
LPWRB = 1
56
80
104
SPS
LPWRB = 0
0.438
0.625
0.813
SPS
LPWRB = 0
3.5
5
6.5
SPS
12
Bits
2
I C read/write communication and pull-up resistors current through SCL, SDA not included.
For typical percentage offset distribution of the scan rates, refer to Figure 8.
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6.6 Digital Interface
Over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted). VDD = 1.8 V, TA = 25 °C. Pins: LPWRB, INTB, OUT0,
OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
VOLTAGE LEVELS
VIH
Input high voltage
VIL
Input low voltage
0.8 × VDD
VOH
Output high voltage
ISOURCE = 400 µA
VOL
Output low voltage
ISINK = 400 µA
IL
Digital input leakage current
V
0.2 × VDD
0.7 × VDD
V
V
0.3 × VDD
V
500
nA
MAX
UNIT
–500
6.7 I2C Interface
MIN
TYP
VOLTAGE LEVELS
Input high voltage
VIL
Input low voltage
VOL
Output low voltage
HYS
Hysteresis (1)
0.7 × VDD
V
2-mA sink current
0.3 × VDD
V
0.2 × VDD
V
0.05 × VDD
ADVANCE INFORMATION
VIH
V
I2C TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
fSCL
Clock frequency
tLOW
Clock low time
1.3
µs
tHIGH
Clock high time
0.6
µs
tHD;STA
Hold time repeated START condition
0.6
µs
tSU;STA
Set-up time for a repeated START
condition
0.6
µs
tHD;DAT
Data hold time
0
µs
tSU;DAT
Data set-up time
100
µs
tSU;STO
Set-up time for STOP condition
0.6
µs
tBUF
Bus free time between a STOP and
START condition
1.3
µs
tVD;DAT
Data valid time
0.9
µs
tVD;ACK
Data valid acknowledge time
0.9
µs
tSP
Pulse width of spikes that must be
suppressed by the input filter (1)
50
ns
(1)
400
After this period, the first
clock pulse is generated
kHz
This parameter is specified by design and/or characterization and is not tested in production.
SDA
tLOW
tf
tHD;STA
tr
tf
tr
tBUF
tSP
SCL
tSU;STA
tHD;STA
tHIGH
tHD;DAT
START
tSU;STO
tSU;DAT
REPEATED
START
STOP
START
Figure 1. I2C Timing Diagram
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6.8 Typical Characteristics
Over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise. VDD = 1.8 V, TJ = 25 °C.
1600
25
Average Supply Current (PA)
1400
1200
Average Supply Current (PA)
10 SPS
20 SPS
40 SPS
80 SPS
1000
800
600
400
0.625 SPS
1.25 SPS
2.5 SPS
5 SPS
20
15
10
5
200
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sensor RP (k:)
7
8
9
10
0
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Figure 2. Supply Current vs Sensor RP for Normal Power
Mode.
Average Supply Current (PA)
Average Supply Current (PA)
120
110
100
90
8
9
10
D002
130
120
110
100
90
-20
0
20
40
Temperature (qC)
60
80
9
8
7
7
6
5
4
3
-40qC
-25qC
0qC
85qC
0
1.7
1.75
D005
Figure 6. Standby Current vs Temperature
D004
3
1
100
1.9
4
1
80
1.85
5
2
60
85qC
6
2
20
40
Temperature (qC)
1.8
VDD (V)
0qC
25qC
Figure 5. Supply Current vs VDD, Sensor RP = 650 Ω
8
0
1.75
D003
9
-20
-40qC
-25qC
80
1.7
100
Standby Current (PA)
Standby Current (PA)
7
140
Figure 4. Supply Current vs Temperature, Sensor RP = 650
Ω
8
4
5
6
Sensor RP (k:)
150
130
0
-40
3
160
VDD = 1.71 V
VDD = 1.8 V
VDD = 1.89 V
140
80
-40
2
Figure 3. Supply Current vs Sensor RP for Low Power Mode.
160
150
1
D001
1.8
VDD (V)
1.85
1.9
D006
Figure 7. Standby Current vs VDD
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise. VDD = 1.8 V, TJ = 25 °C.
450
400
350
Occurences
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Percentage Offset ( )
1
2
3
4
D007
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Figure 8. Scan Rate Percentage Offset Distribution at 30 °C
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The LDC2112/LDC2114 is a multi-channel, low-noise, high-resolution inductance-to-digital converter (LDC)
optimized for inductive touch applications constructed of monolithic surfaces. Button presses form surface microdeflections which cause frequency shifts in the resonant sensors. The LDC2112/LDC2114 can measure such
frequency shifts and determines when button presses have occurred. With adjustable sensitivity per input
channel, the LDC2112/LDC2114 can reliably operate with a wide range of physical button structures and
materials. The high resolution measurement enables the implementation of multi-level buttons. The
LDC2112/LDC2114 incorporates customizable post-processing algorithms for enhanced robustness.
The LDC2112/LDC2114 can operate in an ultra-low power mode for optimal battery life, or can be toggled into a
higher scan rate for more responsive button press detection for game play or other low latency applications. The
LDC2112/LDC2114 is operational from –40 °C to +85 °C with a 1.8 V ± 5% power supply voltage.
The LDC2112/LDC2114 is configured through 400 kHz I2C. Button presses can be reported through the I2C
interface or with configurable polarity dedicated push-pull outputs. The only external components necessary for
operation are supply bypassing capacitors and a COM pin capacitor to ground.
ADVANCE INFORMATION
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
VDD
LDC2112
OUT0
Digital
Algorithm
OUT1
IN0
Resonant
Circuit
Driver
Inductive
Sensing Core
INTB
Logic
LPWRB
IN1
COM
ADDR
I2C
SCL
SDA
GND
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Figure 9. Block Diagram of LDC2112
10
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Functional Block Diagram (continued)
VDD
LDC2114
OUT0
OUT1
Digital
Algorithm
IN0
OUT2
OUT3
IN1
IN2
Resonant
Circuit
Driver
Inductive
Sensing Core
INTB
Logic
LPWRB
IN3
SCL
I2C
COM
SDA
GND
Figure 10. Block Diagram of LDC2114
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Multi-Button and Single-Button Operation
The LDC2112 provides two independent sensing channels; the LDC2114 provides four independent sensing
channels. In the following sections, some parameters, such as DATAn and SENSORn_CONFIG, contain a
channel index n. In those instances, n = 0 or 1 for LDC2112, and n = 0, 1, 2, or 3 for LDC2114.
Any of LDC2112/LDC2114’s available channels can be independently enabled by setting the ENn and LPENn (n
= 0, 1, 2, or 3) bit fields in Register EN (Address 0x0C). The low-power-enable bit LPENn only takes effect if the
corresponding ENn bit is also set. If only one channel is set active, the LDC2112/LDC2114 periodically samples
the single active channel. When several channels are set active, the LDC2112/LDC2114 operates in multichannel mode, and the LDC2112/LDC2114 will sequentially sample the active channels at the configured scan
rate. Each button can be enabled independently to be active in Low Power Mode and Normal Power Mode.
7.3.2 Button Output Interfaces
Button events may be reported by using two methods. The first method is to monitor the OUTn pins (n = 0, 1, 2,
or 3), which are push-pull outputs and can be used as interrupts to a micro-controller. The polarities of these pins
are programmable through Register OPOL_DPOL (Address 0x1C). Any button press or error condition is also
reported by the interrupt pin, INTB. Its polarity is configurable through Register INTPOL (Address 0x11).
The second method is by use of the LDC2112/LDC2114’s I2C interface. The Register OUT (Address 0x01)
contains the fields OUT0, OUT1, OUT2, and OUT3, which indicate when a button press has been detected. For
more advanced button press measurements, the output DATAn registers (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3, Addresses 0x02
through 0x09), which are 12-bit two’s complements, can be retrieved for all active buttons, and processed on a
micro-controller. A valid button push is represented by a positive value. The polarity is configurable in Register
OPOL_DPOL (Address 0x1C). The DATAn values can be used to implement multi-level buttons, where the data
value is correlated to the amount of force applied to the button.
7.3.3 Programmable Button Sensitivity
The GAINn registers (Addresses 0x0E, 0x10, 0x12, and 0x14) enable sensitivity enhancement of individual
buttons to ensure consistent behavior of different mechanical structures. The sensitivity has a tunable 64-level
gain factor over a range of 232 times. Each gain step increases the gain by a factor of between 1.06 and 1.12.
The gain required for an application is primarily determined by the mechanical rigidity of each individual button.
The individual gain steps are listed in the Gain Table.
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.4 Baseline Tracking
The LDC2112/LDC2114 incorporates a baseline tracking algorithm to automatically compensate for any slow
change in the sensor output caused by environmental variations, such as temperature drift. The baseline tracking
is configured independently for Normal Power Mode and Low Power Mode. For more information, refer to
Tracking Baseline.
7.3.5 Integrated Button Algorithms
The LDC2112/LDC2114 features several algorithms that can mitigate false button detections due to mechanical
non-idealities. The algorithms look for correlated button responses, for example, similar or opposite responses
between two neighboring buttons, to determine if there is any undesirable mechanical crosstalk. For more
information, refer to Mitigating False Button Detections.
7.3.6 I2C Interface
ADVANCE INFORMATION
The LDC2112/LDC2114 features an I2C Interface that can be used to program the internal registers and read
channel data. Before reading the OUT (Address 0x01) or channel DATAn (n = 0, 1, 2 or 3, Addresses 0x02
through 0x05) registers, the user should always read Register STATUS (Address 0x00) first to lock the data. The
LDC2112/LDC2114 supports burst mode with auto-incrementing register addresses.
For the write sequence, there is a special handshake process that has to take place to ensure data integrity. The
sequence of register write is illustrated as follows:
• Set CONFIG_MODE (Register RESET, Address 0x0A) bit = 1 to start the register write session
• Poll for RDY_TO_WRITE (Register STATUS, Address 0x00) bit = 1
• I2C write to configure registers
• Set CONFIG_MODE (Register RESET, Address 0x0A) bit = 0 to terminate the register write session
After CONFIG_MODE is de-asserted, the new scan cycle will start in less than 1 ms. The waveform of the above
process is shown in Figure 11.
25 ms scan cycle
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
Sampling
STATE_RESET
< 1 ms
(Register RESET)
RDY_TO_WRITE
(Register STATUS)
Program registers only after
confirming RDY_TO_WRITE = 1
Figure 11. Timing Diagram Representing the States of the CONFIG_MODE and RDY_TO_WRITE Bits for
an I2C Write Handshake
7.3.6.1 Selectable I2C Address (LDC2112 Only)
The LDC2112 provides an I2C address select pin, ADDR. Connecting this pin to ground will set the LDC2112 I2C
address to 0x2A. Connecting ADDR to VDD will set the LDC2112 I2C address to 0x2B. The LDC2114 has a fixed
I2C address of 0x2A.
7.3.6.2 I2C Interface Specifications
The maximum speed of the I2C interface is 400 kHz. This sequence uses the standard I2C 7-bit slave address
followed by an 8-bit pointer to set the register address. For both write and read, the address pointer will autoincrement as long as the master acknowledges.
12
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Feature Description (continued)
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
D7
Start by
Master
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Ack
by
Slave
Ack
by
Slave
Frame 1
Serial Bus Address Byte
from Master
Frame 2
Slave Register Address
1
9
SCL
(continued)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Stop by
Master
Ack
by
Slave
ADVANCE INFORMATION
SDA
(continued)
Frame 3
Data Byte
Figure 12. I2C Sequence of Writing a Single Register
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
Start by
Master
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Ack
by
Slave
Ack
by
Slave
Frame 1
Serial Bus Address Byte
from Master
Frame 2
Slave Register Address (ADDR) from
Master
1
9
1
9
SCL
(continued)
SDA
(continued)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D7
D0
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
Ack
by
Slave
D1
D0
Ack
by
Slave
Frame 3
Data Byte to
Register ADDR
Frame 4
Data Byte to
Register ADDR+1
1
9
SCL
(continued)
SDA
(continued)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Ack
by
Slave
Stop by
Master
Frame N+3
Data Byte to Register
ADDR+N
Figure 13. I2C Sequence of Writing Consecutive Registers
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Feature Description (continued)
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Ack
by
Slave
Start by
Master
Ack
by
Slave
Frame 1
Serial Bus Address Byte
from Master
Frame 2
Slave Register Address from Master
1
1
9
9
SCL
(continued)
SDA
(continued)
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
R/W
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
No Ack
by
Master
Ack
by
Slave
Repeat
Start by
Master
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Frame 3
Serial Bus Address Byte
from Master
Stop
by
Master
Frame 4
Data Byte from Slave
Figure 14. I2C Sequence of Reading a Single Register
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
Start by
Master
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Ack
by
Slave
Ack
by
Slave
Frame 1
Serial Bus Address Byte
from Master
Frame 2
Slave Register Address (ADDR) from
Master
1
9
1
9
SCL
(continued)
SDA
(continued)
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
R/W
Repeat
Start by
Master
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Ack
by
Master
Ack
by
Slave
Frame 3
Serial Bus Address Byte
from Master
Frame 4
Data Byte from Slave Register ADDR
1
9
1
9
SCL
(continued)
SDA
(continued)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D7
D0
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
No Ack
by
Master
Ack
by
Master
Frame 5
Data Byte from Slave Register ADDR+1
D0
Stop
by
Master
Frame N+4
Data Byte from Slave Register
ADDR+N
Figure 15. I2C Sequence of Reading Consecutive Registers
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.6.3 I2C Bus Control
In the unlikely event where the clock (SCL) is stuck LOW, power cycle the device to activate the mandatory
internal Power-On Reset (POR) circuit. For POR timing constraint, refer to Defining Power-On Timing. If the data
line (SDA) is stuck LOW, the master should send nine clock pulses. The device that held the bus LOW should
release it sometime within those nine clocks. If not, then power cycle to clear the bus.
The LDC2112/LDC2114 has built-in monitors to check that the device is currently working. In the unlikely event
of a device fault, the device state will be reset internally, and all the registers will be reset with default settings.
The user should check the value of a modified register periodically to monitor the device status and reload the
register settings if needed.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
The LDC2112/LDC2114 supports two power modes of operation, a Normal Power Mode for active sampling at
10, 20, 40, or 80 SPS, and a Low Power Mode for reduced current consumption at 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, or 5 SPS.
Refer to for details.
When the LPWRB input pin is HIGH, all enabled channels operate in Normal Power Mode. Each channel can be
enabled independently through Register EN (Address 0x0C). For the electrical specification of Normal Power
Mode Scan Rate, refer to Electrical Characteristics.
7.4.2 Low Power Mode
When the LPWRB input pin is LOW, only the low-power-enabled channels are active. Each channel can be
enabled independently to operate in Low Power Mode through Register EN (Address 0x0C). For a channel to
operate in the Low Power Mode, both the LPENn and ENn bits (n is the channel index) must be set to 1. The
Low Power Mode allows for energy-saving monitoring of button activity. In this mode, the device is in an inactive
power-saving state for the majority of the time. To achieve the lowest current possible, the lowest scan rate, i.e.,
0.625 SPS should be used. In addition, the individual button sampling window should be set to the lowest
effective setting (this is system dependent, but typically 1 ms). For the electrical specification of the configurable
Low Power Mode Scan Rate, refer to Electrical Characteristics.
7.4.3 Configuration Mode
Before configuring any register settings, the device must be put into the configuration mode first. Setting
CONFIG_MODE = 1 through Register RESET (Address 0x0A) stops data conversion and holds the device in
configuration mode. Any device configuration changes can then be made. The current consumption in this mode
is typically 0.3 mA. After all changes have been written, set CONFIG_MODE = 0 for normal operation. Refer to
I2C Interface for more information.
7.5 Register Maps
Registers indicated with Reserved must be written only with indicated values. Improper device operation may
occur otherwise.
Table 1. Register List
ADDRESS
NAME
DEFAULT VALUE
DESCRIPTION
0x00
STATUS
0x00
Device status.
0x01
OUT
0x00
Channel output logic states.
0x02
DATA0_LSB
0x00
The lower 8 bits of the Button 0 data
(Two’s complement).
0x03
DATA0_MSB
0x00
The upper 4 bits of the Button 0 data
(Two’s complement).
0x04
DATA1_LSB
0x00
The lower 8 bits of the Button 1 data
(Two’s complement).
0x05
DATA1_MSB
0x00
The upper 4 bits of the Button 1 data
(Two’s complement).
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ADVANCE INFORMATION
7.4.1 Normal Power Mode
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Register Maps (continued)
Table 1. Register List (continued)
ADDRESS
ADVANCE INFORMATION
16
NAME
DEFAULT VALUE
DESCRIPTION
0x06
DATA2_LSB
0x00
The lower 8 bits of the Button 2 data
(Two’s complement).
0x07
DATA2_MSB
0x00
The upper 4 bits of the Button 2 data
(Two’s complement).
0x08
DATA3_LSB
0x00
The lower 8 bits of the Button 3 data
(Two’s complement).
0x09
DATA3_MSB
0x00
The upper 4 bits of the Button 3 data
(Two’s complement).
0x0A
RESET
0x00
Reset device and register configurations.
0x0B
RESERVED
0x00
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x0C
EN
0x1F
Enable channels and low power modes.
0x0D
NP_SCAN_RATE
0x01
Normal Power Mode scan rate.
0x0E
GAIN0
0x28
Gain for Channel 0 sensitivity adjustment.
0x0F
LP_SCAN_RATE
0x02
Low Power Mode scan rate.
0x10
GAIN1
0x28
Gain for Channel 1 sensitivity adjustment.
0x11
INTPOL
0x01
Interrupt polarity.
0x12
GAIN2
0x28
Gain for Channel 2 sensitivity adjustment.
0x13
LP_BASE_INC
0x06
Low power base increment.
0x14
GAIN3
0x28
Gain for Channel 3 sensitivity adjustment.
0x15
NP_BASE_INC
0x04
Normal power base increment.
0x16
MAXWIN
0x00
Max-win.
0x17
LC_DIVIDER
0x03
LC oscillation frequency divider.
0x18
HYST
0x08
Hysteresis for threshold.
0x19
TWIST
0x00
Anti-twist.
0x1A
COMMON_DEFORM
0x00
Anti-common and anti-deformation.
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x1B
RESERVED
0x00
0x1C
OPOL_DPOL
0x0F
Output polarity.
0x1D
RESERVED
0x00
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x1E
CNTSC
0x55
Counter scale.
0x1F
RESERVED
0x00
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
Sensor 0 cycle count, frequency, RP
range.
0x20
SENSOR0_CONFIG
0x04
0x21
RESERVED
0x00
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x22
SENSOR1_CONFIG
0x04
Sensor 1 cycle count, frequency, RP
range.
0x23
RESERVED
0x00
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x24
SENSOR2_CONFIG
0x04
Sensor 2 cycle count, frequency, RP
range.
0x25
FTF0
0x00
Sensor 0 fast tracking factor.
0x26
SENSOR3_CONFIG
0x04
Sensor 3 cycle count, frequency, RP
range.
0x27
RESERVED
0x00
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x28
FTF1_2
0x00
Sensors 1 and 2 fast tracking factors.
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x29
RESERVED
0x00
0x2A
RESERVED
0x00
Reserved. Set to 0x00.
0x2B
FTF3
0x00
Sensor 3 fast tracking factor.
0xFC
MANUFACTURER_ID_LSB
0x49
Manufacturer ID lower byte
0xFD
MANUFACTURER_ID_MSB
0x54
Manufacturer ID upper byte
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Register Maps (continued)
Table 1. Register List (continued)
ADDRESS
NAME
DEFAULT VALUE
DESCRIPTION
0xFE
DEVICE_ID_LSB
0x00
Device ID lower byte
0xFF
DEVICE_ID_MSB
0x00
Device ID upper byte
7.5.1 Individual Register Listings
Fields indicated with Reserved must be written only with indicated values. Improper device operation may occur
otherwise. The R/W column indicates the Read-Write status of the corresponding field. A ‘R/W’ entry indicates
read and write capability, a ‘R’ indicates read-only, and a ‘W’ indicates write-only.
Before reading the OUT (Address 0x01) or channel DATAn (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3, Addresses 0x02 through 0x05)
registers, the user should always read the STATUS register (Address 0x00) first to lock the data. The LDC2114
supports burst mode with auto-incrementing register addresses.
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7
OUT_STATUS
R
0
Output Status
Logic OR of output bits from Register OUT (Address 0x01). This
field is cleared by reading this register.
6
CHIP_READY
R
1
Chip Ready Status
b0: chip not ready after internal reset.
b1: chip ready after internal reset.
5
RDY_TO_WRITE
R
0
Ready to Write
Indicates if registers are ready to be written. See I2C Interface
for more information.
b0: registers not ready.
b1: registers ready.
4
MAXOUT
R
0
Max-Out Error
Indicates button max-out. Reports an error when output data
reaches maximum value (±0x7FF). Cleared by a read of the
status register.
b0: no max-out error.
b1: max-out error.
3
FSM_WD
R
0
Finite-State Machine Watchdog Error
Reports an error has occurred and conversions have been
halted. Cleared by a read of the status register.
b0: no error in finite state machine.
b1: error in finite state machine.
2
LC_WD
R
0
LC Sensor Watchdog Error
Reports an error when any LC oscillator fails to start. Cleared by
a read of the status register.
b0: no error in LC oscillator initialization.
b1: error in LC oscillator initialization.
1
TIMEOUT
R
0
Button Timeout
Reports when any button is asserted for more than 50 seconds.
Cleared by a read of the status register.
b0: no timeout error.
b1: timeout error.
0
RESERVED
R
0
Reserved. Set to b0.
Table 3. Register OUT – Address 0x01
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:4
RESERVED
R
0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
3
OUT3
R
0
Output Logic State for Channel 3 (LDC2114 Only)
b0: No button press detected on Channel 3.
b1: Button press detected on Channel 3.
2
OUT2
R
0
Output Logic State for Channel 2 (LDC2114 Only)
b0: No button press detected on Channel 2.
b1: Button press detected on Channel 2.
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ADVANCE INFORMATION
Table 2. Register STATUS – Address 0x00
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Table 3. Register OUT – Address 0x01 (continued)
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
1
OUT1
R
0
Output Logic State for Channel 1
b0: No button press detected on Channel 1.
b1: Button press detected on Channel 1.
0
OUT0
R
0
Output Logic State for Channel 0
b0: No button press detected on Channel 0.
b1: Button press detected on Channel 0.
Table 4. Register DATA0_LSB – Address 0x02
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
7:0
DATA0[7:0]
R
0000 0000 The lower 8 bits of Channel 0 data (Two’s complement).
DESCRIPTION
Table 5. Register DATA0_MSB – Address 0x03
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:4
RESERVED
R
0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
3:0
DATA0[11:8]
R
0000
The upper 4 bits of Channel 0 data (Two’s complement).
Table 6. Register DATA1_LSB – Address 0x04
ADVANCE INFORMATION
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
7:0
DATA1[7:0]
R
0000 0000 The lower 8 bits of Channel 1 data (Two’s complement).
DESCRIPTION
Table 7. Register DATA1_MSB – Address 0x05
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:4
RESERVED
R
0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
3:0
DATA1[11:8]
R
0000
The upper 4 bits of Channel 1 data (Two’s complement).
Table 8. Register DATA2_LSB – Address 0x06
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
7:0
DATA2[7:0]
R
0000 0000 The lower 8 bits of Channel 2 data (Two’s complement).
(LDC2114 Only)
DESCRIPTION
Table 9. Register DATA2_MSB – Address 0x07
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:4
RESERVED
R
0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
3:0
DATA2[11:8]
R
0000
The upper 4 bits of Channel 2 data (Two’s complement).
(LDC2114 Only)
Table 10. Register DATA3_LSB – Address 0x08
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
7:0
DATA3[7:0]
R
0000 0000 The lower 8 bits of Channel 3 data (Two’s complement).
(LDC2114 Only)
DESCRIPTION
Table 11. Register DATA3_MSB – Address 0x09
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:4
RESERVED
R
0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
3:0
DATA3[11:8]
R
0000
The upper 4 bits of Channel 3 data (Two’s complement).
(LDC2114 Only)
Table 12. Register RESET – Address 0x0A
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:5
RESERVED
R
000
Reserved. Set to b000.
FULL_RESET
R/W
0
Device Reset
b0: Normal operation.
b1: Resets the device and register configurations. All registers
will be returned to default values. Normal operation will not
resume until STATUS:CHIP_READY = 1.
RESERVED
R
000
Reserved. Set to b000.
4
3:1
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Table 12. Register RESET – Address 0x0A (continued)
BIT
0
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
CONFIG_MODE
R/W
0
Configuration Mode
b0: Normal operation.
b1: Holds the device in configuration mode (no data conversion),
but maintains current register configurations. Any device
configuration changes should be made with this bit set to 1.
After all configuration changes have been written, set this bit to
0 for normal operation.
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7
LPEN3
R/W
0
Channel 3 Low-Power-Enable (LDC2114 Only)
b0: Disable Channel 3 in Low Power Mode.
b1: Enable Channel 3 in Low Power Mode. EN3 must also be
set to 1.
6
LPEN2
R/W
0
Channel 2 Low-Power-Enable (LDC2114 Only)
b0: Disable Channel 2 in Low Power Mode.
b1: Enable Channel 2 in Low Power Mode. EN2 must also be
set to 1.
5
LPEN1
R/W
0
Channel 1 Low-Power-Enable
b0: Disable Channel 1 in Low Power Mode.
b1: Enable Channel 1 in Low Power Mode. EN1 must also be
set to 1.
4
LPEN0
R/W
1
Channel 0 Low-Power-Enable
b0: Disable Channel 0 in Low Power Mode.
b1: Enable Channel 0 in Low Power Mode. EN0 must also be
set to 1.
3
EN3
R/W
1
Channel 3 Enable
b0: Disable Channel 3.
b1: Enable Channel 3.
2
EN2
R/W
1
Channel 2 Enable
b0: Disable Channel 2.
b1: Enable Channel 2.
1
EN1
R/W
1
Channel 1 Enable
b0: Disable Channel 1.
b1: Enable Channel 1.
0
EN0
R/W
1
Channel 0 Enable
b0: Disable Channel 0.
b1: Enable Channel 0.
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Table 13. Register EN – Address 0x0C
Table 14. Register NP_SCAN_RATE – Address 0x0D
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:2
RESERVED
R
b00 0000
Reserved. Set to b00 0000.
1:0
NPSR
R/W
01
Normal Power Mode Scan Rate
Refer to Configuring Button Scan Rate for more information.
b00: 80 SPS
b01: 40 SPS (Default)
b10: 20 SPS
b11: 10 SPS
Table 15. Register GAIN0 – Address 0x0E
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:6
RESERVED
R
00
Reserved. Set to b00.
5:0
GAIN0
R/W
b10 1000
Gain for Channel 0
Refer to the Gain Table for detailed configuration.
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Table 16. Register LP_SCAN_RATE – Address 0x0F
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:2
RESERVED
R
b00 0000
Reserved. Set to b00 0000.
1:0
LPSR
R/W
10
Low Power Mode Scan Rate
Refer to Configuring Button Scan Rate for more information.
b00: 5 SPS
b01: 2.5 SPS
b10: 1.25 SPS (Default)
b11: 0.625 SPS
Table 17. Register GAIN1 – Address 0x10
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:6
RESERVED
R
00
Reserved. Set to b00.
5:0
GAIN1
R/W
b10 1000
Gain for Channel 1
Refer to the Gain Table for detailed configuration.
Table 18. Register INTPOL – Address 0x11
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:3
RESERVED
R
b0 0000
Reserved. Set to b0 0000.
INTPOL
R/W
0
Interrupt Polarity
b0: Set INTB pin polarity to active low.
b1: Set INTB pin polarity to active high.
R
01
Reserved. Set to b01.
2
ADVANCE INFORMATION
1:0
RESERVED
Table 19. Register GAIN2 – Address 0x12
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:6
RESERVED
R
00
Reserved. Set to b00.
5:0
GAIN2
R/W
b10 1000
Gain for Channel 2 (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to the Gain Table for detailed configuration.
Table 20. Register LP_BASE_INC – Address 0x13
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:3
RESERVED
R
b0 0000
Reserved. Set to b0 0000.
2:0
LPBI
R/W
b100
Baseline Tracking Increment in Low Power Mode
Refer to Baseline Tracking for more information. Valid values:
[b000 : b111].
b110: LPBI = 6 (Default)
Table 21. Register GAIN3 – Address 0x14
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:6
RESERVED
R
00
Reserved. Set to b00.
5:0
GAIN3
R/W
b10 1000
Gain for Channel 3 (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to the Gain Table for detailed configuration.
Table 22. Register NP_BASE_INC – Address 0x15
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:3
RESERVED
R
b0 0000
Reserved. Set to b0 0000.
2:0
NPBI
R/W
b100
Baseline Tracking Increment in Normal Power Mode
Refer to Baseline Tracking for more information. Valid values:
[b000 : b111].
b100: NPBI = 4 (Default)
Table 23. Register MAXWIN – Address 0x16
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:4
RESERVED
R
b0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
MAXWIN3
R/W
0
Max-Win Algorithm Setting for Channel 3 (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to Resolving Simultaneous Button Presses (Max-Win) for
more information.
b0: Channel 3 is excluded from the max-win group.
b1: Channel 3 is included in the max-win group.
3
20
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Table 23. Register MAXWIN – Address 0x16 (continued)
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
2
MAXWIN2
R/W
0
Max-Win Algorithm Setting for Channel 2 (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to Resolving Simultaneous Button Presses (Max-Win) for
more information.
b0: Channel 2 is excluded from the max-win group.
b1: Channel 2 is included in the max-win group.
1
MAXWIN1
R/W
0
Max-Win Algorithm Setting for Channel 1
Refer to Resolving Simultaneous Button Presses (Max-Win) for
more information.
b0: Channel 1 is excluded from the max-win group.
b1: Channel 1 is included in the max-win group.
0
MAXWIN0
R/W
0
Max-Win Algorithm Setting for Channel 0
Refer to Resolving Simultaneous Button Presses (Max-Win) for
more information.
b0: Channel 0 is excluded from the max-win group.
b1: Channel 0 is included in the max-win group.
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:3
RESERVED
R
b0 0000
Reserved. Set to b0 0000.
2:0
LCDIV
R/W
b011
LC Oscillation Frequency Divider
The frequency divider sets the button sampling window in
conjunction with SENCYCn. Valid values: [b000:b111].
Refer to Programming Button Sampling Window for more
information.
b011: LCDIV = 3 (Default)
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Table 24. Register LC_DIVIDER – Address 0x17
Table 25. Register HYST – Address 0x18
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:4
RESERVED
R
b0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
3:0
HYST
R/W
b1000
Hysteresis
Defines the hysteresis for button triggering threshold. Valid
values: [b0000:b1111].
Hysteresis = HYST × 4
b1000: HYST = 8, Hysteresis = 32 (Default)
Refer to Setting Button Triggering Threshold for more
information.
Table 26. Register TWIST – Address 0x19
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:3
RESERVED
R
b0 0000
Reserved. Set to b0 0000.
2:0
ANTITWIST
R/W
b000
Anti-Twist
When set to 0, the anti-twist algorithm is not enabled.
When greater than 0, all buttons are enabled for the anti-twist
algorithm. The validation of all buttons is void if any button’s
DATA is negative by a threshold.
Anti-twist Threshold = ANTITWIST × 4.
Refer to Overcoming Case Twisting (Anti-Twist) for more
information.
Table 27. Register COMMON_DEFORM – Address 0x1A
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7
ANTICOM3
R/W
0
Anti-Common Algorithm Setting for Channel 3 (LDC2114
Only)
Refer to Eliminating Common-Mode Change (Anti-Common) for
more information.
b0: Exclude Channel 3 from the anti-common group.
b1: Include Channel 3 in the anti-common group.
6
ANTICOM2
R/W
0
Anti-Common Algorithm Setting for Channel 2 (LDC2114
Only)
Refer to Eliminating Common-Mode Change (Anti-Common) for
more information.
b0: Exclude Channel 2 from the anti-common group.
b1: Include Channel 2 in the anti-common group.
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Table 27. Register COMMON_DEFORM – Address 0x1A (continued)
BIT
ADVANCE INFORMATION
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
5
ANTICOM1
R/W
0
Anti-Common Algorithm Setting for Channel 1
Refer to Eliminating Common-Mode Change (Anti-Common) for
more information.
b0: Exclude Channel 1 from the anti-common group.
b1: Include Channel 1 in the anti-common group.
4
ANTICOM0
R/W
0
Anti-Common Algorithm Setting for Channel 0
Refer to Eliminating Common-Mode Change (Anti-Common) for
more information.
b0: Exclude Channel 0 from the anti-common group.
b1: Include Channel 0 in the anti-common group.
3
ANTIDFORM3
R/W
0
Anti-Deform Algorithm Setting for Channel 3 (LDC2114
Only)
Refer to Mitigating Metal Deformation (Anti-Deform) for more
information.
b0: Exclude Channel 3 from the anti-deform group.
b1: Include Channel 3 in the anti-deform group.
2
ANTIDFORM2
R/W
0
Anti-Deform Algorithm Setting for Channel 2 (LDC2114
Only)
Refer to Mitigating Metal Deformation (Anti-Deform) for more
information.
b0: Exclude Channel 2 from the anti-deform group.
b1: Include Channel 2 in the anti-deform group.
1
ANTIDFORM1
R/W
0
Anti-Deform Algorithm Setting for Channel 1
Refer to Mitigating Metal Deformation (Anti-Deform) for more
information.
b0: Exclude Channel 1 from the anti-deform group.
b1: Include Channel 1 in the anti-deform group.
0
ANTIDFORM0
R/W
0
Anti-Deform Algorithm Setting for Channel 0
Refer to Mitigating Metal Deformation (Anti-Deform) for more
information.
b0: Exclude Channel 0 from the anti-deform group.
b1: Include Channel 0 in the anti-deform group.
Table 28. Register OPOL_DPOL – Address 0x1C
22
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7
OPOL3
R/W
0
Output Polarity for OUT3 Pin (LDC2114 Only)
b0: Active low (Default)
b1: Active high
6
OPOL2
R/W
0
Output Polarity for OUT2 Pin (LDC2114 Only)
b0: Active low (Default)
b1: Active high
5
OPOL1
R/W
0
Output Polarity for OUT1 Pin
b0: Active low (Default)
b1: Active high
4
OPOL0
R/W
0
Output Polarity for OUT0 Pin
b0: Active low (Default)
b1: Active high
3
DPOL3
R/W
1
Data Polarity for Channel 3 (LDC2114 Only)
b0: DATA3 decreases as fSENSOR3 increases.
b1: DATA3 increases as fSENSOR3 increases. (Default)
2
DPOL2
R/W
1
Data Polarity for Channel 2 (LDC2114 Only)
b0: DATA2 decreases as fSENSOR2 increases.
b1: DATA2 increases as fSENSOR2 increases. (Default)
1
DPOL1
R/W
1
Data Polarity for Channel 1
b0: DATA1 decreases as fSENSOR1 increases.
b1: DATA1 increases as fSENSOR1 increases. (Default)
0
DPOL0
R/W
1
Data Polarity for Channel 0
b0: DATA0 decreases as fSENSOR0 increases.
b1: DATA0 increases as fSENSOR0 increases. (Default)
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(1)
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:6
CNTSC3
R/W
01
Counter Scale for Channel 3 (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to Scaling Frequency Counter Output for more
information.
b00: CNTSC3 = 0
b01: CNTSC3 = 1 (Default)
b10: CNTSC3 = 2
b11: CNTSC3 = 3
5:4
CNTSC2
R/W
01
Counter Scale for Channel 2 (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to Scaling Frequency Counter Output for more
information.
b00: CNTSC2 = 0
b01: CNTSC2 = 1 (Default)
b10: CNTSC2 = 2
b11: CNTSC2 = 3
3:2
CNTSC1
R/W
01
Counter Scale for Channel 1
Refer to Scaling Frequency Counter Output for more
information.
b00: CNTSC1 = 0
b01: CNTSC1 = 1 (Default)
b10: CNTSC1 = 2
b11: CNTSC1 = 3
1:0
CNTSC0
R/W
01
Counter Scale for Channel 0
Refer to Scaling Frequency Counter Output for more
information.
b00: CNTSC0 = 0
b01: CNTSC0 = 1 (Default)
b10: CNTSC0 = 2
b11: CNTSC0 = 3
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Table 29. Register CNTSC – Address 0x1E (1)
The Counter Scale sets a scaling factor for the internal frequency counter. The formula for calculating counter scale is CNTSCn =
LCDIV + ceiling(log2 (0.0861×(SENCYCn+1)/fSENSORn)), where n = 0, 1, 2, or 3
Table 30. Register SENSOR0_CONFIG – Address 0x20
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
RP0
R/W
0
Channel 0 Sensor RP Range Select
Set based on the actual sensor RP physical parameter.
RP = 1/RS × L/C
where RS is the AC series resistance in the LC resonator, L is
the inductance, and C is the capacitance.
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b0: 350Ω ≤ RP ≤ 4kΩ (Default)
b1: 800Ω ≤ RP ≤ 10kΩ
6:5
FREQ0
R/W
00
Channel 0 Sensor Frequency Range Select
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b00: 1 MHz to 3.3 MHz (Default)
b01: 3.3 MHz to 10 MHz
b10: 10 MHz to 30 MHz
b11: Reserved
4:0
SENCYC0
R/W
b0 0100
Channel 0 Sensor Cycle Count
SENCYC0 sets the Channel 0 button sampling window in
conjunction with LCDIV.
Refer to Programming Button Sampling Window for more
information.
7
Table 31. Register SENSOR1_CONFIG – Address 0x22
BIT
7
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
RP1
R/W
0
Channel 1 Sensor RP Range Select
Set based on the actual sensor RP physical parameter.
RP = 1/RS × L/C
where RS is the AC series resistance in the LC resonator, L is
the inductance, and C is the capacitance.
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b0: 350 Ω ≤ RP ≤ 4 kΩ (Default)
b1: 800 Ω ≤ RP ≤ 10 kΩ
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Table 31. Register SENSOR1_CONFIG – Address 0x22 (continued)
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
6:5
FREQ1
R/W
00
Channel 1 Sensor Frequency Range Select
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b00: 1 MHz to 3.3 MHz (Default)
b01: 3.3 MHz to 10 MHz
b10: 10 MHz to 30 MHz
b11: Reserved
4:0
SENCYC1
R/W
b0 0100
Channel 1 Sensor Cycle Count
SENCYC1 sets the Channel 1 button sampling window in
conjunction with LCDIV.
Refer to Programming Button Sampling Window for more
information.
Table 32. Register SENSOR2_CONFIG – Address 0x24
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
RP2
R/W
0
Channel 2 Sensor RP Range Select (LDC2114 Only)
Set based on the actual sensor RP physical parameter.
RP = 1/RS × L/C
where RS is the AC series resistance in the LC resonator, L is
the inductance, and C is the capacitance.
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b0: 350 Ω ≤ RP ≤ 4 kΩ (Default)
b1: 800 Ω ≤ RP ≤ 10 kΩ
6:5
FREQ2
R/W
00
Channel 2 Sensor Frequency Range Select (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b00: 1 MHz to 3.3 MHz (Default)
b01: 3.3 MHz to 10 MHz
b10: 10 MHz to 30 MHz
b11: Reserved
4:0
SENCYC2
R/W
b0 0100
Channel 2 Sensor Cycle Count (LDC2114 Only)
SENCYC2 sets the Channel 2 button sampling window in
conjunction with LCDIV.
Refer to Programming Button Sampling Window for more
information.
7
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Table 33. Register FTF0 – Address 0x25
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:3
RESERVED
R
b0 0000
Reserved. Set to b0 0000.
2:1
FTF0
R/W
00
Fast Tracking Factor for Channel 0
Defines baseline tracking speed for negative values of DATA0.
Refer to Tracking Baseline for more information.
b00: FTF0 = 0 (Default)
b01: FTF0 = 1
b10: FTF0 = 2
b11: FTF0 = 3
R
0
Reserved. Set to b0.
0
RESERVED
Table 34. Register SENSOR3_CONFIG – Address 0x26
BIT
7
6:5
24
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
RP3
R/W
0
Channel 3 Sensor RP Range Select (LDC2114 Only)
Set based on the actual sensor RP physical parameter.
RP = 1/RS × L/C
where RS is the AC series resistance in the LC resonator, L is
the inductance, and C is the capacitance.
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b0: 350 Ω ≤ RP ≤ 4 kΩ (Default)
b1: 800 Ω ≤ RP ≤ 10 kΩ
FREQ3
R/W
00
Channel 3 Sensor Frequency Range Select (LDC2114 Only)
Refer to Designing Sensor Parameters for more information.
b00: 1 MHz to 3.3 MHz (Default)
b01: 3.3 MHz to 10 MHz
b10: 10 MHz to 30 MHz
b11: Reserved
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Table 34. Register SENSOR3_CONFIG – Address 0x26 (continued)
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
4:0
SENCYC3
R/W
b0 0100
Channel 3 Sensor Cycle Count (LDC2114 Only)
SENCYC3 sets the Channel 3 button sampling window in
conjunction with LCDIV.
Refer to Programming Button Sampling Window for more
information.
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:6
FTF2
R/W
00
Fast Tracking Factor for Channel 2 (LDC2114 Only)
Defines baseline tracking speed for negative values of DATA2.
Refer to Tracking Baseline for more information.
b00: FTF2 = 0 (Default)
b01: FTF2 = 1
b10: FTF2 = 2
b11: FTF2 = 3
5:4
FTF1
R/W
00
Fast Tracking Factor for Channel 1
Defines baseline tracking speed for negative values of DATA1.
Refer to Tracking Baseline for more information.
b00: FTF1 = 0 (Default)
b01: FTF1 = 1
b10: FTF1 = 2
b11: FTF1 = 3
3:0
RESERVED
R
b0000
Reserved. Set to b0000.
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Table 35. Register FTF1_2 – Address 0x28
Table 36. Register FTF3 – Address 0x2B
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:2
RESERVED
R
b00 0000
Reserved. Set to b00 0000.
1:0
FTF3
R/W
00
Fast Tracking Factor for Channel 3 (LDC2114 Only)
Defines baseline tracking speed for negative values of DATA3.
Refer to Tracking Baseline for more information.
b00: FTF3 = 0 (Default)
b01: FTF3 = 1
b10: FTF3 = 2
b11: FTF3 = 3
Table 37. Register MANUFACTURER_ID_LSB – Address 0xFC
BIT
FIELD
7:0
MANUFACTURER_ID [7:0]
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
R
0x49
Manufacturer ID [7:0]
Table 38. Register MANUFACTURER_ID_MSB – Address 0xFD
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:0
MANUFACTURER_ID [15:8]
R
0x54
Manufacturer ID [15:8]
Table 39. Register DEVICE_ID_LSB – Address 0xFE
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:0
DEVICE_ID [7:0]
R
0x00
Device ID [7:0]
Table 40. Register DEVICE_ID_MSB – Address 0xFF
BIT
FIELD
TYPE
RESET
DESCRIPTION
7:0
DEVICE_ID [15:8]
R
0x00
Device ID [15:8]
7.5.1.1 Gain Table for Registers GAIN0, GAIN1, GAIN2, and GAIN3
Table 41. GAINn Bit Values in Decimal and Corresponding Normalized Gain Factors
BIT VALUE IN DECIMAL
NORMALIZED GAIN FACTOR
BIT VALUE IN DECIMAL
NORMALIZED GAIN FACTOR
0
1.0
32
16
1
1.0625
33
17
2
1.1875
34
19
3
1.3125
35
21
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Table 41. GAINn Bit Values in Decimal and Corresponding Normalized Gain Factors (continued)
ADVANCE INFORMATION
26
BIT VALUE IN DECIMAL
NORMALIZED GAIN FACTOR
BIT VALUE IN DECIMAL
NORMALIZED GAIN FACTOR
4
1.4375
36
23
5
1.5625
37
25
6
1.6875
38
27
7
1.8125
39
29
8
2.0
40
32
9
2.125
41
34
10
2.375
42
38
11
2.625
43
42
12
2.875
44
46
13
3.125
45
50
14
3.375
46
54
15
3.625
47
58
16
4.0
48
64
17
4.25
49
68
18
4.75
50
76
19
5.25
51
84
20
5.75
52
92
21
6.25
53
100
22
6.75
54
108
23
7.25
55
116
24
8.0
56
128
25
8.5
57
136
26
9.5
58
152
27
10.5
59
168
28
11.5
60
184
29
12.5
61
200
30
13.5
62
216
31
14.5
63
232
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The LDC2112/LDC2114 supports multiple buttons. Each button can be configured in various ways for optimal
operation.
8.1.1 Understanding Theory of Operation
ADVANCE INFORMATION
An AC current flowing through an inductor will generate an AC magnetic field. If a conductive material, such as a
metal object, is deflected toward the inductor as shown in Figure 16, the magnetic field will induce a circulating
current (eddy current) on the surface of the conductor. The eddy current is a function of the distance, size, and
composition of the conductor.
Figure 16. Metal Deflection
The eddy current generates its own magnetic field, which opposes the original field generated by the inductor.
This effect reduces the effective inductance of the system, resulting in an increase in sensor frequency.
Figure 17 shows the inductance and frequency response of an example sensor. As the sensitivity of an inductive
sensor increases with closer targets, the conductive plate should be placed quite close to the sensor—typically
10% of the sensor diameter for circular coils. For rectangular or race-track-shaped coils, the target to sensor
distance should typically be less than 10% of the shorter side of the coil.
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Application Information (continued)
7
5
6.5
4.75
4.5
5.5
4.25
5
4
4.5
3.75
4
Sensor Frequency (MHz)
Sensor Inductance (PH)
6
3.5
3.5
3.25
Sensor Inductance (PH)
Sensor Frequency (MHz)
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Distance between Sensor and Target (mm)
7
8
9
3
10
D010
Figure 17. Sensor Inductance and Frequency vs Target Distance
ADVANCE INFORMATION
The output DATAn registers (Addresses 0x02 through 0x09) of the LDC2112/LDC2114 contain the processed
values of the changes in sensor frequencies.
8.1.2 Designing Sensor Parameters
Each inductive touch button uses an LC resonator sensor, as illustrated in Figure 18, where L is the inductor, C
is the capacitor, and RS is the AC series resistance of the sensor at the frequency of operation. The key
parameters of the LC sensor include its frequency, effective parallel resistance RP, and quality factor Q. These
parameters must be within the ranges as specified in the Sensor section of the Electrical Characteristics table.
L
C
RS
Figure 18. LC Resonator
The LC sensor frequency, as defined by the equation below, must be between 1 MHz and 30 MHz.
1
fSENSOR
2S LC
(1)
The sensor quality factor, as defined by the equation below, must be between 5 and 30.
QSENSOR
1
RS
L
C
(2)
The series resistance can be represented as an equivalent parallel resistance, RP, which is given by
L
RP
RS C
28
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Application Information (continued)
L
RP
C
Figure 19. Equivalent Parallel Circuit
In summary, the LDC2112/LDC2114 requires that the sensor parameters are within the following ranges:
• 1 MHz ≤ fSENSOR ≤ 30 MHz
• 5 ≤ Q ≤ 30
• 350 Ω ≤ RP ≤ 10 kΩ
8.1.3 Setting COM Pin Capacitor
The COM pin requires a bypass capacitor to ground. The capacitor must be a low ESL, low ESR type. CCOM
must be sized so that:
100 × CSENSORn/QSENSORn < CCOM < 1250 × CSENSORn/QSENSORn
(4)
is valid for all channels. The value of QSENSORn when the sensor is at the minimum target distance should be
used. The maximum acceptable value for CCOM is 20 nF. The CCOM range for a particular sensor configuration
can be obtained with the Spiral_Inductor_Designer tab of the LDC Tools Spreadsheet.
8.1.4 Defining Power-On Timing
The low power architecture of the LDC2112/LDC2114 makes it possible for the device to be active all the time.
When not being used, the LDC2112/LDC2114 can operate in Low Power Mode with a single standby power
button, which typically consumes less than 10 µA. If additional power-saving is desired, or in the rare event
where a power-on reset becomes necessary (see I2C Interface), the output data will become ready after 50 ms
startup time, about 1 ms optional register loading time, and two sampling windows for all active channels. The
power-on timing of the LDC2112/LDC2114 is illustrated in Figure 20 below.
Only Channels 0 and 1 are enabled. Scan rate:
40 SPS.
1 ms
25 ms scan cycle
25 ms scan cycle
50 ms startup time
Sampling
Sampling
VDD
IN0
IN1
Events
Power up
50 ms startup time is
independent of scan
rate.
Optional
register
loading
DATA is ready
after all active channels
finish two conversions.
Figure 20. Power-On Timing
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ADVANCE INFORMATION
RP can be viewed as the load on the sensor driver. This load corresponds to the current drive needed to maintain
the oscillation amplitude. RP must be between 350 Ω and 10 kΩ.
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Application Information (continued)
8.1.5 Configuring Button Scan Rate
The LDC2112/LDC2114 periodically samples all active channels at the selected scan rate. The device can
operate at eight different scan rates to meet various power consumption requirements, where a lower scan rate
achieves lower power consumption. In Normal Power Mode, the scan rate can be programmed to 80, 40, 20, or
10 SPS through Register NP_SCAN_RATE (Address 0x0D). In Low Power Mode, the scan rate can be
programmed to 5, 2.5, 1.25, or 0.625 SPS through Register LP_SCAN_RATE (Address 0x0F). The mode is
selected by setting the LPWRB pin to VDD (Normal Power) or ground (Low Power). In either mode, each button
can be independently enabled through a bit in Register EN (Address 0x0C).
Table 42. Button Scan Rates
ADVANCE INFORMATION
SCAN RATE (SPS)
LPSR (0x0F) SETTING
NPSR (0x0D) SETTING
LPWRB PIN SETTING
0.625
b11
Not Applicable
Low (0)
1.25
b10
Not Applicable
Low (0)
2.5
b01
Not Applicable
Low (0)
5
b00
Not Applicable
Low (0)
10
Not Applicable
b11
High (1)
20
Not Applicable
b10
High (1)
40
Not Applicable
b01
High (1)
80
Not Applicable
b00
High (1)
8.1.6 Programming Button Sampling Window
The button sampling window (BSW) is the actual duration per scan cycle for active data sampling of the sensor
frequency. It is programmed with the global divider, LCDIV, in Register LC_DIVIDER (Address 0x17), and the
individual sensor cycle counter SENCYCn (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3) in Registers SENSORn_CONFIG (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3,
Addresses 0x20, 0x22, 0x24, 0x26). For most touch button applications, the button sampling window should be
set to between 1 ms and 8 ms. The recommended minimum sensor conversion time is 1 ms. Longer conversion
time can be used to achieve better signal-to-noise ratio if needed. If multiple channels are enabled, the active
channels will sample sequentially, as illustrated in Figure 21.
Button Sampling Window: set by
LCDIV, SENCYCn, and fSENSORn
IN0
IN1
IN2
IN3
Scan Rate: set by NPSR,
LPSR, and LPWRP pin
Figure 21. Configurable Scan Rate and Button Sampling Window
The LDC2112/LDC2114 is designed to work with LC resonator sensors with oscillation frequencies ranging from
1 MHz to 30 MHz. The exact definition of the button sampling window is given by the equation below.
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Number of Sensor Oscillation Cycles
Sensor Frequency
Button Sampling Window
tSAMPLE
128 u SENCYCn 1 u 2LCDIV
fSENSORn , n
0, 1, 2, or 3
where :
tSAMPLE is the sampling window in Ps,
SENCYCn and LCDIV are the linear and exponential scalers that set the number of sensor oscillation cycles,
fSENSORn is the sensor frequency in MHz.
(5)
In the equation above, LCDIV (0 to 7, default 3) is the exponential LC divider that sets the approximate ranges
for all channels, and SENCYCn (0 to 31, default 4) is the linear sensor cycle scaler that fine-tunes each
individual channel. Together they set the number of sensor oscillation cycles used to determine the button
sampling window.
Alternatively, from the button sampling window and sensor frequency, the LCDIV can be read off from Figure 22.
For example, 1 ms button sampling window and 9.2 MHz sensor frequency intersect at the region where LCDIV
= 2. Then SENCYCn can be calculated accordingly.
30
LCDIV=7
Maximum fSENSOR (MHz)
25
LCDIV=6
20
LCDIV=5
15
LCDIV=4
10
LCDIV=3
LCDIV=2
5
LCDIV=1
LCDIV=0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sample Interval (ms)
7
8
9
D008
Figure 22. LCDIV as a Function of Sensor Frequency and Button Sampling Window
8.1.7 Scaling Frequency Counter Output
The LDC2112/LDC2114 requires this internal frequency counter scaler to be set based on the button sampling
window to avoid data overflow. The scaler in Register CNTSC (Address 0x1E) must be set by the following
formula
§
0.0861u SENCYCn 1 ·
LCDIV ceiling ¨¨ log2
¸¸ , n
fSENSORn
©
¹
where fSENSORn is the sensor frequency in MHz.
CNTSCn
0, 1, 2, or 3
(6)
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ADVANCE INFORMATION
For example, if the LC sensor frequency is 9.2 MHz, and it is desirable to get 1 ms button sampling window, then
this can be achieved by setting SENCYCn = 17 and LCDIV = 2.
LDC2112, LDC2114
SNOSD15 – DECEMBER 2016
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8.1.8 Setting Button Triggering Threshold
Every material shows some hysteresis when it deforms then returns to the original state. The amount of
hysteresis is a function of material properties and physical parameters, such as size and thickness. This feature
modifies the hysteresis of the button signal threshold according to different materials and various button shapes
and sizes. Hysteresis can be programmed in Register HYST (Address 0x18). By default, the button triggering
hysteresis is set to 32. The nominal button triggering threshold is 128. With hysteresis, the effective on-threshold
is 128 + 32 = 160. This means if the DATAn (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3) reaches 160, the LDC considers that as a button
press. When the DATAn decreases to 128 – 32 = 96, the LDC considers the button to be released.
ThresholdON = 128 + Hysteresis
ThresholdOFF = 128 – Hysteresis
(7)
(8)
OUTn
Logic High
(Button asserted)
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Logic Low
(Not asserted)
DATAn
128-HYSTx4
128
128+HYSTx4
Figure 23. Button Triggering Threshold with Hysteresis
8.1.9 Tracking Baseline
The LDC2112/LDC2114 automatically tracks slow changes in the baseline signal and compensates for
environmental drifts and variations. In Normal Power Mode, the effective baseline increment per scan cycle is
approximately 2NPBI / 72, where NPBI is configured in Register NP_BASE_INC (Address 0x15). In Low Power
Mode, the effective baseline increment per scan cycle is approximately 2LPBI / 9, where LPBI is configured in
Register LP_BASE_INC (Address 0x13).
As a result of baseline tracking, a button press with a constant force only lasts for a finite amount of time. The
duration of a button press is defined by the equation below (DATAn > ThresholdON).
Duration of Button Press
DATAn ThresholdOFF
BINC
where :
Duration of Button Press is the number of scan cycles that a button is asserted,
DATA n is the button press signal at the beginning of a press,
BINC is the baseline increment per scan cycle.
(9)
If DATAn is negative, the tracking speed will be scaled by the fast tracking factor as specified in Registers FTF0
(Address 0x25), FTF1_2 (Address 0x28), or FTF3 (Address 0x2B). The scaling factors for various FTFn settings
are shown in Table 43.
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Button Pressed
Button Released
Baseline
DATAn
Base Increment
Figure 24. Baseline Tracking in the Presence of a Button Press
Table 43. Fast Tracking Factor Settings
FTFn Setting
Fast Tracking Factor
b00
1
b01
4
b10
8
b11
16
8.1.10 Mitigating False Button Detections
The LDC2112/LDC2114 offers several algorithms that can mitigate false button detections due to mechanical
non-idealities. These are listed below.
8.1.10.1 Eliminating Common-Mode Change (Anti-Common)
This algorithm eliminates false detection when a user presses the middle of two or more buttons, which could
lead to a common-mode response on multiple buttons. All the buttons can be individually enabled to have this
feature by programming Register COMMON_DEFORM (Address 0x1A).
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ADVANCE INFORMATION
Fast tracking if DATAn is
negative
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Common-mode change to both
Buttons 0 and 1.
Button 0
Button 1
Intentional Press of
Button 1
DATA
Threshold = 128+HYST×4
Time
Button 0
OUTPUT without
Anti-common
(High = Button Press
Detected)
Button 1
Button 0
OUTPUT with
Anti-common
(High = Button
Press Detected)
Button 1
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Figure 25. Illustration of the Anti-Common Feature
8.1.10.2 Resolving Simultaneous Button Presses (Max-Win)
This algorithm enables the system to select the button pressed with maximum force when multiple buttons are
pressed at the same time. This could happen when two buttons are physically very close to each other, and
pressing one causes a residual reaction on the other. Buttons can be individually enabled to join the “max-win”
group by configuring Register MAXWIN (Address 0x16).
Intentional Press of Button 0 with
coupled response of Button 1
Intentional Press of
Button 1
Button 0
Button 1
DATA
Threshold = 128+HYST×4
Time
Button 0
OUTPUT without
Max-Win
(High = Button Press
Detected)
Button 1
Button 0
OUTPUT with
Max-Win
(High = Button
Press Detected)
Button 1
Figure 26. Illustration of the Max-Win Feature
8.1.10.3 Overcoming Case Twisting (Anti-Twist)
The anti-twist algorithm reduces the likelihood of false detection when the case is twisted, which could cause
unintended mechanical activation of the buttons, or an opposite reaction in two adjacent buttons. When this
algorithm is enabled, detection of button presses is suppressed if any button’s output data is negative by a
configurable threshold. The anti-twist algorithm can be enabled by configuring Register TWIST (Address 0x19).
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Button 0
Button 1
Intentional Press of Button 1.
Twisting effect of Buttons 0 and 1.
DATA
Threshold = 128+HYST×4
Time
Button 0
OUTPUT without
Anti-twist
(High = Button
Press Detected)
Button 1
Button 1
Figure 27. Illustration of the Anti-Twist Feature
8.1.10.4 Mitigating Metal Deformation (Anti-Deform)
This function filters changes due to metal deformation in the vicinity of one or more buttons. Such metal
deformation can be accidentally caused by pressing a neighboring button that does not have sufficient
mechanical isolation. The user can specify which buttons to join the anti-deform group by configuring Register
COMMON_DEFORM (Address 0x1A).
8.1.11 Reporting Interrupts for Button Presses and Error Conditions
INTB, the LDC2112/LDC2114 interrupt pin, is asserted when a button press or an error condition occurs. The
default polarity is active low and can be configured through Register INTPOL (Address 0x11).
Figure 28 shows the LDC2112/LDC2114 response to a single button press on Channel 0. At the end of the
button sampling window following a press of Button 0, the OUT0 pin and INTB pin are asserted. The
OUT_STATUS bit changes from 0 to 1, and remains so until a read of the STATUS register clears it. The OUTn
(n = 0, 1, 2, or 3) and INTB pins are asserted until the end of the button sampling window following the release of
the button.
OUTn DQG ,17% DUH SURJUDPPHG WR ³$FWLYH /RZ´. Scan Rate: 40 SPS.
25 ms scan cycle
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
Sampling
OUT0
Pin
INTB
Pin
STATUS
Register
Events
Button 0
pressed
OUT0 and
INTB asserted,
OUT_STATUS
bit asserted
Reading the Status
Register clears the
OUT_STATUS bit.
Button 0
released
OUT0 de-asserted
Figure 28. Timing Diagram of a Single Button Press
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ADVANCE INFORMATION
Button 0
OUTPUT with
Anti-twist
(High = Button
Press Detected)
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Figure 29 shows the LDC2112/LDC2114 response to multiple button presses. In this example, after Button 0 is
pressed, the OUT0 pin is asserted. After that, Button 1 is also pressed, following which Button 0 is released. The
OUT0 pin is de-asserted and OUT1 pin asserted at the end of the next button sampling window. The INTB pin
remains continuously asserted as long as at least one of the buttons is pressed. The OUT_STATUS bit only
changes from 0 to 1 after the first button assertion.
OUTn DQG ,17% DUH SURJUDPPHG WR ³$FWLYH /RZ´. Scan Rate: 40 SPS.
25 ms scan cycle
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
Sampling
OUT0
Pin
OUT1
Pin
INTB
Pin
ADVANCE INFORMATION
STATUS
Register
Events
Button 0
pressed
OUT0 and
INTB asserted
Button 1 Button 0
pressed released
OUT0 de-asserted
OUT1 asserted
Button 1
released
OUT1 and INTB
de-asserted
Reading the Status Register
clears the OUT_STATUS bit.
Figure 29. Timing Diagram of Multiple Button Presses
Figure 30 shows the INTB pin asserting due to an error condition. At the end of the next button sampling window,
the INTB pin is asserted and the error is reported in the STATUS register (Address 0x00). Refer to Register
STATUS (Address 0x00) for possible error conditions.
,17% LV SURJUDPPHG WR ³$FWLYH /RZ´. Scan Rate: 40 SPS.
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
INTB
Pin
STATUS
Register
Events
Error
Error reported in Reading the Status Register
clears the error bit.
occurred the Status Register
Figure 30. Timing Diagram of INTB Pin Triggered by an Error Condition
Figure 31 shows the error condition in the presence of a button press. For example, this can be caused by
pressing the button with excessive force, which triggers a max-out error.
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OUTn DQG ,17% DUH SURJUDPPHG WR ³$FWLYH /RZ´. Scan Rate: 40 SPS.
25 ms scan cycle
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
Sampling
25 ms scan cycle
Sampling
OUT0
Pin
INTB
Pin
STATUS
Register
Events
Button 0
pressed
Max-out error MAXOUT bit changes
Button 0
from 0 to 1.
ocurred.
released
OUT_STATUS bit
changes from 0 to 1. Reading the Status Register
Reading the Status Register
clears the OUT_STATUS bit.
clears the MAXOUT bit.
OUT0 and INTB
de-asserted
8.1.12 Estimating Supply Current
When the LDC2112/LDC2114 is active (in either Normal Power Mode or Low Power Mode), its current
consumption has several components, which include the static current (independent of sensor frequency),
dynamic current (linear with sensor frequency), LC sensor current, and current during the transitional period
while channels switching on and off.
IACTIVE = ISTATIC + IDYNAMIC + ISENSOR + ITRANS
(10)
The static current is about 1.45 mA.
ISTATIC = 1.45 mA
(11)
The dynamic current is a function of the supply voltage and sensor frequency.
IDYNAMIC = ((7.644 × VDD – 3.53) × fSENSOR + 19) × 1000 (mA)
(12)
where:
VDD is the supply voltage,
fSENSOR is the sensor frequency in MHz.
The sensor current is inversely proportional to the sensor RP.
ISENSOR = A / RP
(13)
where:
A is an empirical parameter dependent on the sensor RP in kΩ and supply voltage VDD in V.
A = 0.72 × exp(0.1 × RP) + (1.11 × VDD – 2)
(14)
The current during the transitional period is characterized by the following equation:
ITRANS × tTRANS = 260 × VDD2 – 212 × VDD + 69 (mQ)
(15)
The LDC2112/LDC2114 is only actively sampling the enabled channels during a fraction of the scan window. So
the average supply current is:
IDD = ((IACTIVE × NCH × tSAMPLE) + ITRANS × tTRANS) / tSCAN + 0.005 (mA)
(16)
where:
IACTIVE is the current consumed when the device is active as defined by Equation 10,
NCH is the number of channels enabled,
tSAMPLE is the button sampling window in ms,
ITRANS × tTRANS is the charge transferred during the transition period as defined by Equation 15,
tSCAN is the button scan window in ms.
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Figure 31. Timing Diagram of an Error Condition in the Presence of a Button Press
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8.2 Typical Application
8.2.1 Touch Button Design
The low power architecture of LDC2112/LDC2114 makes them ideal for driving button sensors in consumer
electronics, such as mobile phones. Most mobile phones today have three buttons along the edges, namely the
power button, volume up, and volume down. The LDC2112 can support two buttons, and LDC2114 can support
four.
On a typical smartphone, the two volume buttons are next to each other, so they may be susceptible to false
detections such as simultaneous button presses. To prevent such mis-triggers, they can be grouped together to
take advantage of the various features that mitigate false detections as explained in Mitigating False Button
Detections. For example, if MAXWIN is applied to the two volume buttons, only the one with the greater force will
be triggered.
The phone case does not require any mechanical cutouts at the button locations. This can support reduced
manufacturing cost for the case and enhance the case’s resistance to moisture intrusion, dust and dirt. This is a
great advantage compared to mechanical buttons in the market today.
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
ADVANCE INFORMATION
The sensor parameters, including frequency, RP, and Q factor have to be within the design space of the
LDC2112/LDC2114 as specified in Electrical Characteristics.
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The LDC2112/LDC2114 is a multi-channel device. The italic n in the parameters below refers to the nth channel,
that is, n = 0 or 1 for LDC2112, and n = 0, 1, 2, or 3 for LDC2114.
1. Select system-based options:
• Select Normal or Low Power Mode of operation by connecting the LPWRB pin to VDD or GND, respectively.
Configure the enable bits for all channels in Register EN (Address 0x0C).
• Select polarities of OUTn and INTB pins by configuring Register OPOL_DPOL (Address 0x1C) and Register
INTPOL (Address 0x11).
• Configure sensor frequency setting in Registers SENSORn_CONFIG (Addresses 0x20, 0x22, 0x24, 0x26).
2. Choose sampling rate (80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, or 0.625 SPS) based on system power consumption
requirement, and configure Register NP_SCAN_RATE (Address 0x0D) or Register LP_SCAN_RATE (Address
0x0F).
3. Choose button sampling window based on power consumption and noise requirements (recommended: 1 ms
to 8 ms). While a longer button sampling window provides better noise performance, 1 ms is typically sufficient
for most applications. Set SENCYCn and LCDIV in Registers SENSORn_CONFIG (Addresses 0x20, 0x22, 0x24,
0x26) and Register LC_DIVIDER (Address 0x17) in the following steps:
• Calculate LCDIV = ceiling (log2 (fSENSORn × tSAMPLE) – 12), where fSENSORn is sensor frequency in MHz, tSAMPLE
is button sampling window in µs
• If LCDIV < 0, set it to 0
• Adjust SENCYCn to get desired tSAMPLE according to tSAMPLE = 128 × (SENCYCn + 1) × 2LCDIV / fSENSORn
4. Calibrate gain in the appropriate Registers GAINn (Addresses 0x0E, 0x10, 0x12, 0x14). The gain setting can
be used to tune the sensitivity of the touch button. GAINn is a 6-bit field with 64 different gain levels
corresponding to a relative gain of 1 to 232. A good mechanical and sensor design typically requires a gain level
of around 32 to 50, corresponding to relative gains of 16 to 76 (normalized to gain level of 0). Use the following
sequence to determine the appropriate gain for each button:
• Apply minimum desired force to the button.
• Read initial DATAn value after the button press. Note that the baseline tracking will affect this value.
• Calculate gain factor needed to increase DATAn to the programmed threshold (default is 160).
• Look up the Gain Table to find the required gain setting.
5. Enable special features to mitigate button interference if there is any. Registers MAXWIN, TWIST,
COMMON_DEFORM (Addresses 0x16, 0x19, 0x1A).
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Typical Application (continued)
8.2.1.3 Application Curves
400
Channel 0
Channel 1
Threshold
350
Conversion DATA
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
0
2
4
Time (s)
6
8
D009
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Figure 32. Conversion DATA vs Time for Channels 0 and 1
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
The LDC2114 power supply should be bypassed with a 1-μF and a 0.1-μF pair of capacitors in parallel to ground.
The smaller value 0.1-µF capacitor should be placed closer to the VDD pin than the 1-μF capacitor. The
capacitors should be a low ESL, low ESR type. To enable close positioning of the capacitors, use of 0201
footprint devices for the bypass capacitors is recommended.
Refer to Recommended Operating Conditions for more details.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
The COM pin must be bypassed to ground with an appropriate value capacitor. CCOM must be placed as close as
possible to the COM pin. The COM signal must be tied to a small copper fill placed underneath the INn signals.
To enable closer positioning of the capacitors, use of 0201 footprint devices for the bypass capacitors is
recommended.
ADVANCE INFORMATION
Each active channel needs to have an LC resonator connected to the corresponding INn pins. The sensor
capacitor must be placed within 10 mm of the corresponding INn pin, and the inductor (NOT shown in Figure 33)
must be placed at the appropriate location next to (but not touching) the metal target. The INn traces must be at
least 6 mil (0.15 mm) wide to minimize parasitic inductances.
For the chip-scale package, the inner 4 device pads (INTB, OUT3, LPWRB, and SDA) must be routed out on an
inner layer through vias, with the traces offset to reduce coupling with other signals. For many layouts, these 4
vias may need to use blind vias or microvias to bring the signals out. The PCB layer stackup must use a thinner
(4 mil or 0.1 mm thickness) dielectric between the top copper and next copper layer so that microvias can be
used.
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Figure 33. Layout of LDC2114 (WCSP-16) With Decoupling Capacitors and Sensor Capacitors
10.3 WCSP Light Sensitivity
Exposing the WCSP device to direct light may cause incorrect operation of the device. Light sources such as
halogen lamps can affect electrical performance if they are situated in proximity to the device. Light with
wavelengths in the red and infrared part of the spectrum have the most detrimental effect.
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ADVANCE INFORMATION
10.2 Layout Example
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 44. Related Links
PARTS
PRODUCT FOLDER
SAMPLE & BUY
TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS
TOOLS &
SOFTWARE
SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
LDC2112
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
LDC2114
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
11.2 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
ADVANCE INFORMATION
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.3 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.5 Export Control Notice
Recipient agrees to not knowingly export or re-export, directly or indirectly, any product or technical data (as
defined by the U.S., EU, and other Export Administration Regulations) including software, or any controlled
product restricted by other applicable national regulations, received from Disclosing party under this Agreement,
or any direct product of such technology, to any destination to which such export or re-export is restricted or
prohibited by U.S. or other applicable laws, without obtaining prior authorization from U.S. Department of
Commerce and other competent Government authorities to the extent required by those laws.
11.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OUTLINE
YFD0016
DSBGA - 0.4 mm max height
SCALE 8.000
DIE SIZE BALL GRID ARRAY
B
A
E
BALL A1
CORNER
ADVANCE INFORMATION
D
0.4 MAX
C
SEATING PLANE
0.175
0.125
BALL TYP
0.05 C
1.2
TYP
SYMM
D
1.2
TYP
C
SYMM
B
0.4
TYP
16X
0.015
C A
0.285
0.185
B
A
1
2
3
4
0.4
TYP
4222547/A 12/2015
NOTES:
1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Any dimensions in parenthesis are for reference only. Dimensioning and tolerancing
per ASME Y14.5M.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
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EXAMPLE BOARD LAYOUT
YFD0016
DSBGA - 0.4 mm max height
DIE SIZE BALL GRID ARRAY
16X (
(0.4) TYP
0.225)
A
(0.4) TYP
B
SYMM
ADVANCE INFORMATION
C
D
2
1
3
4
SYMM
LAND PATTERN EXAMPLE
SCALE:40X
0.05 MAX
( 0.225)
METAL
METAL UNDER
SOLDER MASK
0.05 MIN
( 0.225)
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
SOLDER MASK
OPENING
NON-SOLDER MASK
DEFINED
(PREFERRED)
SOLDER MASK
DEFINED
SOLDER MASK DETAILS
NOT TO SCALE
4222547/A 12/2015
NOTES: (continued)
3. Final dimensions may vary due to manufacturing tolerance considerations and also routing constraints.
Refer to Texas Instruments Literature No. SNVA009 (www.ti.com/lit/snva009).
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EXAMPLE STENCIL DESIGN
YFD0016
DSBGA - 0.4 mm max height
DIE SIZE BALL GRID ARRAY
(0.4) TYP
(R0.05) TYP
16X ( 0.25)
ADVANCE INFORMATION
A
(0.4)
TYP
B
SYMM
METAL
TYP
C
D
1
3
2
4
SYMM
SOLDER PASTE EXAMPLE
BASED ON 0.1 mm THICK STENCIL
SCALE:40X
4222547/A 12/2015
NOTES: (continued)
4. Laser cutting apertures with trapezoidal walls and rounded corners may offer better paste release.
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45
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
21-Dec-2016
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(2)
(6)
(3)
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(4/5)
LDC2112PWR
PREVIEW
TSSOP
PW
16
2000
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
LDC2112PWT
PREVIEW
TSSOP
PW
16
250
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
LDC2112YFDR
PREVIEW
DSBGA
YFD
16
3000
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
LDC2112YFDT
PREVIEW
DSBGA
YFD
16
250
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
LDC2114PWR
PREVIEW
TSSOP
PW
16
2000
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
LDC2114PWT
PREVIEW
TSSOP
PW
16
250
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
LDC2114YFDR
PREVIEW
DSBGA
YFD
16
3000
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
LDC2114YFDT
PREVIEW
DSBGA
YFD
16
250
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
PLDC2114YFDT
ACTIVE
DSBGA
YFD
16
250
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 85
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
21-Dec-2016
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 2
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