DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die DDR SDRAM Specification 60Ball FBGA (x4/x8) INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN RELATION TO SAMSUNG PRODUCTS, AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. NOTHING IN THIS DOCUMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN SAMSUNG PRODUCTS OR TECHNOLOGY. ALL INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED ON AS "AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT GUARANTEE OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. 1. For updates or additional information about Samsung products, contact your nearest Samsung office. 2. Samsung products are not intended for use in life support, critical care, medical, safety equipment, or similar applications where Product failure couldresult in loss of life or personal or physical harm, or any military or defense application, or any governmental procurement to which special terms or provisions may apply. * Samsung Electronics reserves the right to change products or specification without notice. Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die Revision History Revision 1.0 (June, 2003) - First release Revision 1.1 (August, 2003) - Corrected typo Revision1.2 (October, 2004) - Corrected typo. Revision1.3 (April, 2005) - Added notice and corrected typo. Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Key Features • Double-data-rate architecture; two data transfers per clock cycle • Bidirectional data strobe [DQ] (x4,x8) Four banks operation • Differential clock inputs(CK and CK) • DLL aligns DQ and DQS transition with CK transition • MRS cycle with address key programs -. Read latency 2, 2.5 (clock) -. Burst length (2, 4, 8) -. Burst type (sequential & interleave) • All inputs except data & DM are sampled at the positive going edge of the system clock(CK) • Data I/O transactions on both edges of data strobe • Edge aligned data output, center aligned data input • DM for write masking only (x4, x8) • Auto & Self refresh • 7.8us refresh interval(8K/64ms refresh) • Maximum burst refresh cycle : 8 • 60Ball FBGA package Ordering Information Part No. Org. K4H560438E-GC/LB3 Max Freq. Interface Package SSTL2 60 FBGA SSTL2 60 FBGA B3(DDR333@CL=2.5) K4H560438E-GC/LA2 64M x 4 A2(DDR266@CL=2) K4H560438E-GC/LB0 B0(DDR266@CL=2.5) K4H560838E-GC/LB3 B3(DDR333@CL=2.5) K4H560838E-GC/LA2 32M x 8 K4H560838E-GC/LB0 A2(DDR266@CL=2) B0(DDR266@CL=2.5) Operating Frequencies B3(DDR333@CL=2.5) A2(DDR266@CL=2) B0(DDR266@CL=2.5) CL-tRCD-tRP 2.5-3-3 2-3-3 2.5-3-3 Speed @CL2 133MHz 133MHz 100MHz Speed @CL2.5 166MHz 133MHz 133MHz *CL : CAS Latency Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Ball Description (Bottom View) 64M x 4bit 1 VSSQ NC NC NC NC VREF 2 NC VDDQ VSSQ VDDQ VSSQ VSS CK A12 A11 A8 A6 A4 3 VSS DQ3 NC DQ2 DQS DM CK CKE A9 A7 A5 VSS A B C D E F G H J K L M VDD DQ0 NC DQ1 NC NC WE RAS BA1 A0 A2 VDD 8 NC VSSQ VDDQ VSSQ VDDQ VDD CAS CS BA0 A10/AP A1 A3 9 VDDQ NC NC NC NC NC 7 32M x 8bit 1 VSSQ NC NC NC NC VREF 2 DQ7 VDDQ VSSQ VDDQ VSSQ VSS CK A12 A11 A8 A6 A4 3 VSS DQ6 DQ5 DQ4 DQS DM CK CKE A9 A7 A5 VSS A B C D E F G H J K L M 7 VDD DQ1 DQ2 DQ3 NC NC WE RAS BA1 A0 A2 VDD 8 DQ0 VSSQ VDDQ VSSQ VDDQ VDD CAS CS BA0 A10/AP A1 A3 9 VDDQ NC NC NC NC NC Organization Row Address Column Address 64Mx4 A0~A12 A0-A9, A11 32Mx8 A0~A12 A0-A9 DM is internally loaded to match DQ and DQS identically. Row & Column address configuration Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) Package Physical Dimension DDR SDRAM ( Unit : mm ) 0.10 Max 8.00 ± 0.10 0.80 x 8 = 6.40 ENCAPSULANT AREA 0.80 x 4 = 3.20 1.60 1.60 8.0 0± 0.10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.80 1.00 A B 0.50 5.50 0.45 ± 0.05 H J 14.00 ± 0.10 F G 1.00 x 11 = 11.00 0.50 E 14.0 ± 0.10 14.00 ± 0.10 D 5.50 C K L M 0.35 ± 0.05 TOP VIEW 60 - 0.45 π ± 0.05 (0.90) (0.90) (1.80) 1.10± 0.10 BOTTOM VIEW 60Ball FBGA Package Dimension Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Block Diagram (64Mbit x 4 / 32Mbit x 8 I/O x 4 Banks) CK, CK LWE I/O Control x4/8 Data Input Register LDM (x4x8) Serial to parallel Bank Select x8/16 8Mx8/ 4Mx16 x4/8 Output Buffer x8/16 2-bit prefetch 8Mx8/ 4Mx16 Sense AMP Row Decoder Refresh Counter Row Buffer ADD Address Register CK, CK 8Mx8/ 4Mx16 x4/8 DQi 8Mx8/ 4Mx16 Column Decoder Col. Buffer LCBR LRAS Latency & Burst Length Strobe Gen. DLL Programming Register Data Strobe LCKE LRAS LCBR LWE LDM (x4x8) LCAS LWCBR Timing Register CK, CK CKE CS RAS CAS WE CK, CK DM Input Register LDM (x4x8) Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Input/Output Function Description SYMBOL TYPE DESCRIPTION Input Clock : CK and CK are differential clock inputs. All address and control input signals are sampled on the positive edge of CK and negative edge of CK. Output (read) data is referenced to both edges of CK. Internal clock signals are derived from CK/CK. CKE Input Clock Enable : CKE HIGH activates, and CKE LOW deactivates internal clock signals, and device input buffers and output drivers. Taking CKE Low provides PRECHARGE POWERDOWN and SELF REFRESH operation (all banks idle), or ACTIVE POWER-DOWN (row ACTIVE in any bank). CKE is synchronous for POWER-DOWN entry and exit, and for SELF REFRESH entry. CKE is asynchronous for SELF REFRESH exit, and for output disable. CKE must be maintained high throughput READ and WRITE accesses. Input buffers, excluding CK, CK and CKE are disabled during POWER-DOWN. Input buffers, excluding CKE are disabled during SELF REFRESH. CKE is an SSTL_2 input, but will detect an LVCMOS Low level after Vdd is applied upon 1st power up, After VREF has become stable during the power on and initialization sequence, it must be maintained for proper operation of the CKE receiver. For proper SELF-REFRESH entry and exit, VREF must be maintained to this input. CS Input Chip Select : CS enables(registered LOW) and disables(registered HIGH) the command decoder. All commands are masked when CS is registered HIGH. CS provides for external bank selection on systems with multiple banks. CS is considered part of the command code. RAS, CAS, WE Input Command Inputs : RAS, CAS and WE (along with CS) define the command being entered. DM Input Input Data Mask : DM is an input mask signal for write data. Input data is masked when DM is sampled HIGH along with that input data during a WRITE access. DM is sampled on both edges of DQS. Although DM pins are input only, the DM loading matches the DQ and DQS loading. DM may be driven high, low, or floating during READs. BA0, BA1 Input Bank Addres Inputs : BA0 and BA1 define to which bank an ACTIVE, READ, WRITE or PRECHARGE command is being applied. A [0 : 12] Input Address Inputs : Provide the row address for ACTIVE commands, and the column address and AUTO PRECHARGE bit for READ/WRITE commands, to select one location out of the memory array in the respective bank. A10 is sampled during a PRECHARGE command to determine whether the PRECHARGE applies to one bank (A10 LOW) or all banks (A10 HIGH). If only one bank is to be precharged, the bank is selected by BA0, BA1. The address inputs also provide the op-code during a MODE REGISTER SET command. BA0 and BA1 define which mode register is loaded during the MODE REGISTER SET command (MRS or EMRS). DQ I/O Data Input/Output : Data bus DQS I/O Data Strobe : Output with read data, input with write data. Edge-aligned with read data, centered in write data. Used to capture write data. NC - VDDQ Supply DQ Power Supply : +2.5V ± 0.2V. VSSQ Supply DQ Ground. VDD Supply Power Supply : +2.5V ± 0.2V (device specific). VSS Supply Ground. VREF Input CK, CK No Connect : No internal electrical connection is present. SSTL_2 reference voltage. Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Command Truth Table (V=Valid, X=Don′t Care, H=Logic High, L=Logic Low) COMMAND CKEn-1 CKEn CS RAS CAS WE BA0,1 A10/AP A0 ~ A9, A11,A12 Register Extended MRS H X L L L L OP CODE Register Mode Register Set H X L L L L OP CODE Auto Refresh Refresh Entry Self Refresh Exit H H L L L L H L H H H H H X X X Bank Active & Row Addr. H X L L H H V Read & Column Address Auto Precharge Disable H X L H L H V Write & Column Address Auto Precharge Disable Auto Precharge Enable Auto Precharge Enable Burst Stop Precharge Bank Selection X L H L L H X L H H L H All Banks Active Power Down H X Entry H L Exit L H Entry H L Precharge Power Down Mode Exit DM(UDM/LDM for x16 only) No operation (NOP) : Not defined L H L L H L H X X X L V V V X X X X H X X X L H H H H X X X L V V V H X X X L H H H H H X X 1, 2 1, 2 3, 10 X L 3, 10 3, 10 X V Note 3, 10 Row Address L Column Address H L Column Address H X V L X H 4 4 4 4, 6 7 X 5 X X X X 8 9 9 Note :1. OP Code : Operand Code. A0 ~ A12 & BA0 ~ BA1 : Program keys. (@EMRS/MRS) 2. EMRS/MRS can be issued only at all banks precharge state. A new command can be issued 2 clock cycles after EMRS or MRS. 3. Auto refresh functions are same as the CBR refresh of DRAM. The automatical precharge without row precharge command is meant by "Auto". Auto/self refresh can be issued only at all banks precharge state. 4. BA0 ~ BA1 : Bank select addresses. If both BA0 and BA1 are "Low" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank A is selected. If BA0 is "High" and BA1 is "Low" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank B is selected. If BA0 is "Low" and BA1 is "High" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank C is selected. If both BA0 and BA1 are "High" at read, write, row active and precharge, bank D is selected. 5. If A10/AP is "High" at row precharge, BA0 and BA1 are ignored and all banks are selected. 6. During burst write with auto precharge, new read/write command can not be issued. Another bank read/write command can be issued after the end of burst. New row active of the associated bank can be issued at tRP after the end of burst. 7. Burst stop command is valid at every burst length. 8. DM(x4/8) sampled at the rising and falling edges of the DQS and Data-in are masked at the both edges (Write DM latency is 0). 9. This combination is not defined for any function, which means "No Operation(NOP)" in DDR SDRAM. 10. VREF must be maintained during Self Refresh operation. Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM 16M x 4Bit x 4 Banks / 8M x 8Bit x 4 Banks Banks Double Data Rate SDRAM General Description The K4H560438E / K4H560838E / is 268,435,456 bits of double data rate synchronous DRAM organized as 4x 16,785,216 / 4x 8,388,608 words by 4/ 8bits, fabricated with SAMSUNG′s high performance CMOS technology. Synchronous features with Data Strobe allow extremely high performance up to 333Mb/s per pin. I/O transactions are possible on both edges of DQS. Range of operating frequencies, programmable burst length and programmable latencies allow the device to be useful for a variety of high performance memory system applications. Absolute Maximum Rating Parameter Symbol Value Unit Voltage on any pin relative to VSS VIN, VOUT -0.5 ~ 3.6 V Voltage on VDD & VDDQ supply relative to VSS VDD, VDDQ -1.0 ~ 3.6 V Storage temperature TSTG -55 ~ +150 °C Power dissipation PD 1.5 W Short circuit current IOS 50 mA Note : Permanent device damage may occur if ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS are exceeded. Functional operation should be restricted to recommend operation condition. Exposure to higher than recommended voltage for extended periods of time could affect device reliability. DC Operating Conditions Recommended operating conditions(Voltage referenced to VSS=0V, TA=0 to 70°C) Parameter Supply voltage(for device with a nominal VDD of 2.5V) Symbol Min Max VDD 2.3 2.7 Unit Note I/O Supply voltage VDDQ 2.3 2.7 V I/O Reference voltage VREF 0.49*VDDQ 0.51*VDDQ V 1 2 VTT VREF-0.04 VREF+0.04 V VIH(DC) VREF+0.15 VDDQ+0.3 V Input logic low voltage VIL(DC) -0.3 VREF-0.15 V Input Voltage Level, CK and CK inputs VIN(DC) -0.3 VDDQ+0.3 V I/O Termination voltage(system) Input logic high voltage Input Differential Voltage, CK and CK inputs VID(DC) 0.36 VDDQ+0.6 V 3 V-I Matching: Pullup to Pulldown Current Ratio VI(Ratio) 0.71 1.4 - 4 II -2 2 uA 5 Input leakage current Output leakage current IOZ -5 Output High Current(Normal strengh driver) ;VOUT = VTT + 0.84V IOH -16.8 mA uA Output High Current(Normal strengh driver) ;VOUT = VTT - 0.84V IOL 16.8 mA Output High Current(Half strengh driver) ;VOUT = VTT + 0.45V IOH -9 mA Output High Current(Half strengh driver) ;VOUT = VTT - 0.45V IOL 9 mA Note : 1.VREF is expected to be equal to 0.5*VDDQ of the transmitting device, and to track variations in the dc level of same. Peak-to peak noise on VREF may not exceed +/-2% of the dc value. 2. VTT is not applied directly to the device. VTT is a system supply for signal termination resistors, is expected to be set equal to VREF, and must track variations in the DC level of VREF 3. VID is the magnitude of the difference between the input level on CK and the input level on CK. 4. The ratio of the pullup current to the pulldown current is specified for the same temperature and voltage, over the entire temperature and voltage range, for device drain to source voltages from 0.25V to 1.0V. For a given output, it represents the maximum difference between pullup and pulldown drivers due to process variation. The full variation in the ratio of the maximum to minimum pullup and pulldown current will not exceed 1/7 for device drain to source voltages from 0.1 to 1.0. Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM DDR SDRAM Spec Items & Test Conditions Conditions Symbol Operating current - One bank Active-Precharge; tRC=tRCmin; tCK=10ns for DDR200, 7.5ns for DDR266, 6ns for DDR333; DQ,DM and DQS inputs changing once per clock cycle; address and control inputs changing once every two clock cycles. IDD0 Operating current - One bank operation ; One bank open, BL=4, Reads - Refer to the following page for detailed test condition IDD1 Percharge power-down standby current; All banks idle; power - down mode; CKE = <VIL(max); tCK=10ns for DDR200,7.5ns for DDR266, 6ns for DDR333; Vin = Vref for DQ,DQS and DM. IDD2P Precharge Floating standby current; CS# > =VIH(min);All banks idle; CKE > = VIH(min); tCK=10ns for DDR200, 7.5ns for DDR266, 6ns for DDR333; Address and other control inputs changing once per clock cycle; Vin = Vref for DQ,DQS and DM IDD2F Precharge Quiet standby current; CS# > = VIH(min); All banks idle; CKE > = VIH(min); tCK=10ns for DDR200, 7.5ns for DDR266, 6ns for DDR333; Address and other control inputs stable at >= VIH(min) or =<VIL(max); Vin = Vref for DQ ,DQS and DM IDD2Q Active power - down standby current ; one bank active; power-down mode; CKE=< VIL (max); tCK=10ns for DDR200, 7.5ns for DDR266, 6ns for DDR333; Vin = Vref for DQ,DQS and DM IDD3P Active standby current; CS# >= VIH(min); CKE>=VIH(min); one bank active; active - precharge; tRC=tRASmax; tCK=10ns for DDR200, 7.5ns for DDR266, 6ns for DDR333; DQ, DQS and DM inputs changing twice per clock cycle; address and other control inputs changing once per clock cycle IDD3N Operating current - burst read; Burst length = 2; reads; continguous burst; One bank active; address and control inputs changing once per clock cycle; CL=2 at tCK=10ns for DDR200, CL=2 at 7.5ns for DDR266(A2), CL=2.5 at 7.5ns for DDR266(B0), 6ns for DDR333; 50% of data changing on every transfer; lout = 0 m A IDD4R Operating current - burst write; Burst length = 2; writes; continuous burst; One bank active address and control inputs changing once per clock cycle; CL=2 at tCK= 10ns for DDR200, CL=2 at tCK=7.5ns for DDR266(A2), CL=2.5 at tCK=7.5ns for DDR266(B0), 6ns for DDR333; DQ, DM and DQS inputs changing twice per clock cycle, 50% of input data changing at every burst IDD4W Auto refresh current; tRC = tRFC(min) - 8*tCK for DDR200 at tCK=10ns; 10*tCK for DDR266 at tCK=7.5ns; 12*tCK for DDR333 at tCK=6ns; distributed refresh IDD5 Self refresh current; CKE =< 0.2V; External clock on; tCK = 10ns for DDR200, tCK=7.5ns for DDR266, 6ns for DDR333. IDD6 Orerating current - Four bank operation ; Four bank interleaving with BL=4 -Refer to the following page for detailed test condition Input/Output Capacitance IDD7A (VDD=2.5, VDDQ=2.5V, TA= 25°C, f=100MHz) Symbol Min Max Delta Unit Note CIN1 1.5 2.5 0.5 pF 4 Input capacitance( CK, CK ) CIN2 1.5 2.5 0.25 pF 4 Data & DQS input/output capacitance COUT 3.5 4.5 pF 1,2,3,4 Input capacitance (DM) CIN3 3.5 4.5 pF 1,2,3,4 Parameter Input capacitance (A0 ~ A12, BA0 ~ BA1, CKE, CS, RAS,CAS, WE) 0.5 Note : 1.These values are guaranteed by design and are tested on a sample basis only. 2. Although DM is an input -only pin, the input capacitance of this pin must model the input capacitance of the DQ and DQS pins. This is required to match signal propagation times of DQ, DQS, and DM in the system. 3. Unused pins are tied to ground. 4. This parameteer is sampled. VDDQ = +2.5V +0.2V, VDD = +3.3V +0.3V or +0.25V+0.2V, f=100MHz, tA=25°C, Vout(dc) = VDDQ/2, Vout(peak to peak) = 0.2V. DM inputs are grouped with I/O pins - reflecting the fact that they are matched in loading (to facilitate trace matching at the board level). Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM < Detailed test conditions for DDR SDRAM IDD1 & IDD7A > IDD1 : Operating current: One bank operation 1. Only one bank is accessed with tRC(min), Burst Mode, Address and Control inputs on NOP edge are changing once per clock cycle. lout = 0mA 2. Timing patterns - B0(133Mhz, CL=2.5) : tCK = 7.5ns, CL=2.5, BL=4, tRCD = 3*tCK, tRC = 9*tCK, tRAS = 6*tCK Read : A0 N N R0 N N P0 N N A0 N - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst - A2 (133Mhz, CL=2) : tCK = 7.5ns, CL=2, BL=4, tRCD = 3*tCK, tRC = 9*tCK, tRAS = 6*tCK Read : A0 N N R0 N N P0 N N A0 N - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst - AA (133Mhz, CL=2) : tCK = 7.5ns, CL=2, BL=4, tRCD = 2*tCK, tRC = 8*tCK, tRAS = 6*tCK Read : A0 N R0 N N N P0 N A0 N - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst - B3(166Mhz, CL=2.5) : tCK=6ns, CL=2.5, BL=4, tRCD=3*tCK, tRC = 10*tCK, tRAS=7*tCK Read : A0 N N R0 N N P0 N N A0 N - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst Legend : A=Activate, R=Read, W=Write, P=Precharge, N=NOP IDD7A : Operating current: Four bank operation 1. Typical Case : Vdd = 2.5V, T=25’ C 2. Worst Case : Vdd = 2.7V, T= 10’ C 3. Four banks are being interleaved with tRC(min), Burst Mode, Address and Control inputs on NOP edge are not changing. lout = 0mA 4. Timing patterns - B0(133Mhz, CL=2.5) : tCK = 7.5ns, CL=2.5, BL=4, tRRD = 2*tCK, tRCD = 3*tCK, Read with autoprecharge Read : A0 N A1 R0 A2 R1 A3 R2 N R3 A0 N A1 R0 - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst - AA(133Mhz, CL=2) : tCK = 7.5ns, CL2=2, BL=4, tRRD = 2*tCK, tRCD = 3*tCK, Read with autoprecharge Read : A0 N A1 R0 A2 R1 A3 R2 A0 R3 A1 R0 - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst - A2(133Mhz, CL=2) : tCK = 7.5ns, CL2=2, BL=4, tRRD = 2*tCK, tRCD = 3*tCK, Read with autoprecharge Read : A0 N A1 R0 A2 R1 A3 R2 N R3 A0 N A1 R0 - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst - B3(166Mhz,CL=2.5) : tCK=6ns, CL=2.5, BL=4, tRRD=2*tCK, tRCD=3*tCK, Read with autoprecharge Read : A0 N A1 R0 A2 R1 A3 R2 N R3 A0 N A1 R0 - repeat the same timing with random address changing *50% of data changing at every burst Legend : A=Activate, R=Read, W=Write, P=Precharge, N=NOP Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM DDR SDRAM IDD spec table (VDD=2.7V, T = 10°C) Symbol IDD6 B3(DDR333@CL=2.5) A2(DDR266@CL=2.0) B0(DDR266@CL=2.5) Unit IDD0 90 80 80 mA IDD1 110 100 100 mA IDD2P 3 3 3 mA IDD2F 25 20 20 mA IDD2Q 20 18 18 mA IDD3P 35 30 30 mA IDD3N 55 45 45 mA mA IDD4R 140 120 120 IDD4W 160 135 135 mA IDD5 170 160 160 mA mA Normal 3 3 3 Low power 1.5 1.5 1.5 mA 260 240 240 mA IDD7A Symbol IDD6 64Mx4 (K4H560438E) 32Mx8 (K4H560838E) Unit B3(DDR333@CL=2.5) A2(DDR266@CL=2.0) B0(DDR266@CL=2.5) IDD0 90 80 80 mA mA IDD1 115 105 105 IDD2P 3 3 3 mA IDD2F 25 20 20 mA IDD2Q 20 18 18 mA IDD3P 35 30 30 mA IDD3N 55 45 45 mA mA IDD4R 160 140 140 IDD4W 160 135 135 mA IDD5 170 160 160 mA mA Normal 3 3 3 Low power 1.5 1.5 1.5 mA 280 250 250 mA IDD7A Notes Optional Notes Optional Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM AC Operating Conditions Symbol Min Input High (Logic 1) Voltage, DQ, DQS and DM signals Parameter/Condition VIH(AC) VREF + 0.31 Max-10 Unit Note Input Low (Logic 0) Voltage, DQ, DQS and DM signals. VIL(AC) Input Differential Voltage, CK and /CK inputs VID(AC) 0.7 VDDQ+0.6 V 1 Input Crossing Point Voltage, CK and /CK inputs VIX(AC) 0.5*VDDQ-0.2 0.5*VDDQ+0.2 V 2 V VREF - 0.31 V Notes : 1. VID is the magnitude of the difference between the input level on CK and the input level on /CK. 2. The value of VIX is expected to equal 0.5*VDDQ of the transmitting device and must track variations in the dc level of the same. AC Overshoot/Undershoot specification for Address and Control Pins Specification Parameter DDR333 DDR200/266 Maximum peak amplitude allowed for overshoot 1.5 V 1.5 V Maximum peak amplitude allowed for undershoot 1.5 V 1.5 V The area between the overshoot signal and VDD must be less than or equal to 4.5 V-ns 4.5 V-ns The area between the undershoot signal and GND must be less than or equal to 4.5 V-ns 4.5 V-ns VDD Overshoot 5 Maximum Amplitude = 1.5V 4 3 Volts (V) 2 Area = 4.5V-ns 1 0 -1 -2 -3 Maximum Amplitude = 1.5V GND -4 -5 0 0.6875 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.3125 7.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.5 Tims(ns) undershoot AC overshoot/Undershoot Definition Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Overshoot/Undershoot specification for Data, Strobe, and Mask Pins Specification Parameter DDR333 DDR200/266 Maximum peak amplitude allowed for overshoot 1.2 V 1.2 V Maximum peak amplitude allowed for undershoot 1.2 V 1.2 V The area between the overshoot signal and VDD must be less than or equal to 2.4 V-ns 2.4 V-ns The area between the undershoot signal and GND must be less than or equal to 2.4 V-ns 2.4 V-ns VDDQ Overshoot 5 Maximum Amplitude = 1.2V 4 3 Volts (V) 2 1 Area = 2.4V-ns 0 -1 -2 -3 Maximum Amplitude = 1.2V GND -4 -5 0 0.5 1.0 1.42 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.68 6.0 6.5 7.0 Tims(ns) undershoot DQ/DM/DQS AC overshoot/Undershoot Definition Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM AC Timming Parameters & Specifications Symbol Parameter Row cycle time Refresh row cycle time B3 (DDR333@CL=2.5) A2 (DDR266@CL=2.0) B0 (DDR266@CL=2.5) Min Min Min Max Max Unit tRC 60 65 65 ns tRFC 72 75 75 ns Row active time tRAS 42 RAS to CAS delay tRCD 18 20 20 ns ns Row precharge time 70K 45 70K 45 70K ns tRP 18 20 20 Row active to Row active delay tRRD 12 15 15 ns Write recovery time tWR 15 15 15 ns Last data in to Read command tWTR 1 1 1 tCK Col. address to Col. address delay tCCD 1 1 1 tCK Clock cycle time CL=2.0 CL=2.5 tCK 7.5 12 7.5 12 10 12 ns 6 12 7.5 12 7.5 12 ns Clock high level width tCH 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.55 tCK Clock low level width tCL 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.55 0.45 0.55 tCK DQS-out access time from CK/CK tDQSCK -0.6 +0.6 -0.75 +0.75 -0.75 +0.75 ns Output data access time from CK/CK tAC -0.7 +0.7 -0.75 +0.75 -0.75 +0.75 ns Data strobe edge to ouput data edge tDQSQ - 0.45 - 0.5 - 0.5 ns Read Preamble tRPRE 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 tCK Read Postamble tRPST 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 tCK CK to valid DQS-in tDQSS 0.75 1.25 0.75 1.25 0.75 1.25 tCK DQS-in setup time tWPRES 0 0 0 ns DQS-in hold time tWPRE 0.25 0.25 0.25 tCK tDSS 0.2 0.2 0.2 tCK DQS falling edge to CK rising-setup time DQS falling edge from CK rising-hold time Note Max 12 3 tDSH 0.2 0.2 0.2 tCK DQS-in high level width tDQSH 0.35 0.35 0.35 tCK DQS-in low level width tDQSL 0.35 DQS-in cycle time tDSC 0.9 Address and Control Input setup time(fast) tIS 0.75 0.9 0.9 ns i,5.7~9 Address and Control Input hold time(fast) tIH 0.75 0.9 0.9 ns i,5.7~9 Address and Control Input setup time(slow) tIS 0.8 1.0 1.0 ns i, 6~9 0.35 1.1 0.9 0.35 1.1 tCK 1.1 1.0 tCK Address and Control Input hold time(slow) tIH 0.8 ns i, 6~9 Data-out high impedence time from CK/CK tHZ -0.7 +0.7 -0.75 +0.75 -0.75 +0.75 ns 1 Data-out low impedence time from CK/CK tLZ -0.7 +0.7 -0.75 +0.75 -0.75 +0.75 ns 1 tSL(I) 0.5 Input Slew Rate(for input only pins) 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 V/ns Input Slew Rate(for I/O pins) tSL(IO) 0.5 Output Slew Rate(x4,x8) tSL(O) 1.0 4.5 1.0 4.5 0.5 1.0 4.5 V/ns Output Slew Rate Matching Ratio(rise to fall) tSLMR 0.67 1.5 0.67 1.5 0.67 1.5 V/ns Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) Parameter Symbol DDR SDRAM B3 (DDR333@CL=2.5)) Min Max A2 (DDR266@CL=2.0) Min Max B0 (DDR266@CL=2.5)) Min Unit Note Max Mode register set cycle time tMRD 12 15 15 ns DQ & DM setup time to DQS tDS 0.45 0.5 0.5 ns j, k DQ & DM hold time to DQS tDH 0.45 0.5 0.5 ns j, k Control & Address input pulse width tIPW 2.2 2.2 2.2 ns 8 tDIPW 1.75 1.75 1.75 ns 8 DQ & DM input pulse width Power down exit time tPDEX 6 7.5 7.5 ns Exit self refresh to non-Read command tXSNR 75 75 75 ns Exit self refresh to read command tXSRD 200 Refresh interval time tREFI Output DQS valid window tQH tHP -tQHS Clock half period tHP tCLmin or tCHmin Data hold skew factor DQS write postamble time Active to Read with Auto precharge command Autoprecharge write recovery + Precharge time 200 7.8 tQHS 200 7.8 - tHP -tQHS - tHP -tQHS - tCLmin or tCHmin - tCLmin or tCHmin 0.55 0.6 0.75 tWPST 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 tRAP 18 20 20 tDAL (tWR/tCK) + (tRP/tCK) (tWR/tCK) + (tRP/tCK) (tWR/tCK) + (tRP/tCK) tCK 7.8 us 4 - ns 11 - ns 10, 11 0.75 ns 11 0.6 tCK 2 tCK 13 Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM System Characteristics for DDR SDRAM The following specification parameters are required in systems using DDR333, DDR266 & DDR200 devices to ensure proper system performance. these characteristics are for system simulation purposes and are guaranteed by design. Table 1 : Input Slew Rate for DQ, DQS, and DM AC CHARACTERISTICS DDR333 DDR266 DDR200 PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX Units Notes DQ/DM/DQS input slew rate measured between VIH(DC), VIL(DC) and VIL(DC), VIH(DC) DCSLEW TBD TBD TBD TBD 0.5 4.0 V/ns a, m Table 2 : Input Setup & Hold Time Derating for Slew Rate Input Slew Rate ∆tIS ∆tIH Units Notes 0.5 V/ns 0 0 ps i 0.4 V/ns +50 0 ps i 0.3 V/ns +100 0 ps i Table 3 : Input/Output Setup & Hold Time Derating for Slew Rate Input Slew Rate ∆tDS ∆tDH Units Notes 0.5 V/ns 0 0 ps k 0.4 V/ns +75 +75 ps k 0.3 V/ns +150 +150 ps k Table 4 : Input/Output Setup & Hold Derating for Rise/Fall Delta Slew Rate Delta Slew Rate ∆tDS ∆tDH Units Notes +/- 0.0 V/ns 0 0 ps j +/- 0.25 V/ns +50 +50 ps j +/- 0.5 V/ns +100 +100 ps j Table 5 : Output Slew Rate Characteristice (X4, X8 Devices only) Slew Rate Characteristic Typical Range (V/ns) Minimum (V/ns) Maximum (V/ns) Notes Pullup Slew Rate 1.2 ~ 2.5 1.0 4.5 a,c,d,f,g,h Pulldown slew 1.2 ~ 2.5 1.0 4.5 b,c,d,f,g,h Table 6 : Output Slew Rate Characteristice (X16 Devices only) Slew Rate Characteristic Typical Range (V/ns) Minimum (V/ns) Maximum (V/ns) Notes Pullup Slew Rate 1.2 ~ 2.5 0.7 5.0 a,c,d,f,g,h Pulldown slew 1.2 ~ 2.5 0.7 5.0 b,c,d,f,g,h Table 7 : Output Slew Rate Matching Ratio Characteristics AC CHARACTERISTICS DDR266B DDR200 PARAMETER MIN MAX MIN MAX Notes Output Slew Rate Matching Ratio (Pullup to Pulldown) TBD TBD 0.67 1.5 e,m Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Component Notes 1. All voltages referenced to Vss. 2. Tests for ac timing, IDD, and electrical, ac and dc characteristics, may be conducted at nominal reference/supply voltage levels, but the related specifications and device operation are guaranteed for the full voltage range specified. 3. Figure 1 represents the timing reference load used in defining the relevant timing parameters of the part. It is not intended to be either a precise representation of the typical system environment nor a depiction of the actual load presented by a production tester. System designers will use IBIS or other simulation tools to correlate the timing reference load to a system environment. Manufacturers will correlate to their production test conditions (generally a coaxial transmission line terminated at the tester electronics). VDDQ 50Ω Output (Vout) 30pF Figure 1 : Timing Reference Load 4. AC timing and IDD tests may use a VIL to VIH swing of up to 1.5 V in the test environment, but input timing is still referenced to VREF (or to the crossing point for CK/CK), and parameter specifications are guaranteed for the specified ac input levels under normal use conditions. The minimum slew rate for the input signals is 1 V/ns in the range between VIL(ac) and VIH(ac). 5. The ac and dc input level specifications are as defined in the SSTL_2 Standard (i.e., the receiver will effectively switch as a result of the signal crossing the ac input level and will remain in that state as long as the signal does not ring back above (below) the dc input LOW (HIGH) level. 6. Inputs are not recognized as valid until VREF stabilizes. Exception: during the period before VREF stabilizes, CKE ≤ 0.2VDDQ is recognized as LOW. 7. Enables on.chip refresh and address counters. 8. IDD specifications are tested after the device is properly initialized. 9. The CK/CK input reference level (for timing referenced to CK/CK) is the point at which CK and CK cross; the input reference level for signals other than CK/CK, is VREF. 10. The output timing reference voltage level is VTT. 11. tHZ and tLZ transitions occur in the same access time windows as valid data transitions. These parameters are not referenced to a specific voltage level but specify when the device output is no longer driving (HZ), or begins driving (LZ). 12. The maximum limit for this parameter is not a device limit. The device will operate with a greater value for this parameter, but sys tem performance (bus turnaround) will degrade accordingly. 13. The specific requirement is that DQS be valid (HIGH, LOW, or at some point on a valid transition) on or before this CK edge. A valid transition is defined as monotonic and meeting the input slew rate specifications of the device. when no writes were previ ously in progress on the bus, DQS will be tran sitioning from High- Z to logic LOW. If a previous write was in progress, DQS could be HIGH, LOW, or transitioning from HIGH to LOW at this time, depending on tDQSS. 14. A maximum of eight AUTO REFRESH commands can be posted to any given DDR SDRAM device. 15. For command/address input slew rate ≥ 1.0 V/ns 16. For command/address input slew rate ≥ 0.5 V/ns and < 1.0 V/ns Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Component Notes 17. For CK & CK slew rate ≥ 1.0 V/ns 18. These parameters guarantee device timing, but they are not necessarily tested on each device. They may be guaranteed by device design or tester correlation. 19. Slew Rate is measured between VOH(ac) and VOL(ac). 20. Min (tCL, tCH) refers to the smaller of the actual clock low time and the actual clock high time as provided to the device (i.e. this value can be greater than the minimum specification limits for tCL and tCH).....For example, tCL and tCH are = 50% of the period, less the half period jitter (tJIT(HP)) of the clock source, and less the half period jitter due to crosstalk (tJIT(crosstalk)) into the clock traces. 21. tQH = tHP - tQHS, where: tHP = minimum half clock period for any given cycle and is defined by clock high or clock low (tCH, tCL). tQHS accounts for 1) The pulse duration distortion of on-chip clock circuits; and 2) The worst case push-out of DQS on one tansition followed by the worst case pull-in of DQ on the next transition, both of which are, separately, due to data pin skew and output pattern effects, and pchannel to n-channel variation of the output drivers. 22. tDQSQ Consists of data pin skew and output pattern effects, and p-channel to n-channel variation of the output drivers for any given cycle. 23. tDAL = (tWR/tCK) + (tRP/tCK) For each of the terms above, if not already an integer, round to the next highest integer. Example: For DDR266B at CL=2.5 and tCK=7.5ns tDAL = (15 ns / 7.5 ns) + (20 ns/ 7.5ns) = (2) + (3) tDAL = 5 clocks Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM System Notes : a. Pullup slew rate is characteristized under the test conditions as shown in Figure 2. Test point Output 50Ω VSSQ Figure 2 : Pullup slew rate test load b. Pulldown slew rate is measured under the test conditions shown in Figure 3. VDDQ 50Ω Output Test point Figure 3 : Pulldown slew rate test load c. Pullup slew rate is measured between (VDDQ/2 - 320 mV +/- 250 mV) Pulldown slew rate is measured between (VDDQ/2 + 320 mV +/- 250 mV) Pullup and Pulldown slew rate conditions are to be met for any pattern of data, including all outputs switching and only one output switching. Example : For typical slew rate, DQ0 is switching For minmum slew rate, all DQ bits are switching from either high to low, or low to high. The remaining DQ bits remain the same as for previous state. d. Evaluation conditions Typical : 25 °C (T Ambient), VDDQ = 2.5V(for DDR266/333) and 2.6V(for DDR400), typical process Minimum : 70 °C (T Ambient), VDDQ = 2.3V(for DDR266/333) and 2.5V(for DDR400), slow - slow process Maximum : 0 °C (T Ambient), VDDQ = 2.7V(for DDR266/333) and 2.7V(for DDR400), fast - fast process e. The ratio of pullup slew rate to pulldown slew rate is specified for the same temperature and voltage, over the entire temperature and voltage range. For a given output, it represents the maximum difference between pullup and pulldown drivers due to process variation. f. Verified under typical conditions for qualification purposes. g. TSOPII package divices only. h. Only intended for operation up to 266 Mbps per pin. i. A derating factor will be used to increase tIS and tIH in the case where the input slew rate is below 0.5V/ns as shown in Table 2. The Input slew rate is based on the lesser of the slew rates detemined by either VIH(AC) to VIL(AC) or VIH(DC) to VIL(DC), similarly for rising transitions. j. A derating factor will be used to increase tDS and tDH in the case where DQ, DM, and DQS slew rates differ, as shown in Tables 3 & 4. Input slew rate is based on the larger of AC-AC delta rise, fall rate and DC-DC delta rise, Input slew rate is based on the lesser of the slew rates determined by either VIH(AC) to VIL(AC) or VIH(DC) to VIL(DC), similarly for rising transitions. The delta rise/fall rate is calculated as: {1/(Slew Rate1)} - {1/(Slew Rate2)} For example : If Slew Rate 1 is 0.5 V/ns and slew Rate 2 is 0.4 V/ns, then the delta rise, fall rate is - 0.5ns/V . Using the table given, this would result in the need for an increase in tDS and tDH of 100 ps. k. Table 3 is used to increase tDS and tDH in the case where the I/O slew rate is below 0.5 V/ns. The I/O slew rate is based on the lesser on the lesser of the AC - AC slew rate and the DC- DC slew rate. The inut slew rate is based on the lesser of the slew rates deter mined by either VIH(ac) to VIL(ac) or VIH(DC) to VIL(DC), and similarly for rising transitions. m. DQS, DM, and DQ input slew rate is specified to prevent double clocking of data and preserve setup and hold times. Signal transi tions through the DC region must be monotonic. Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM IBIS :I/V Characteristics for Input and Output Buffers DDR SDRAM Output Driver V-I Characteristics DDR SDRAM Output driver characteristics are defined for full and half strength operation as selected by the EMRS bit A1. Figures 3 and 4 show the driver characteristics graphically, and tables 8 and 9 show the same data in tabular format suitable for input into simulation tools. The driver characteristcs evaluation conditions are: Typical Minimum Maximum 25×C 70×C 0×C Vdd/Vddq = 2.5V, typical process Vdd/Vddq = 2.3V, slow-slow process Vdd/Vddq = 2.7V, fast-fast process Output Driver Characteristic Curves Notes: 1. The full variation in driver current from minimum to maximum process, temperature and voltage will lie within the outer bounding lines the of the V-I curve of Figure 3 and 4. 2. It is recommended that the "typical" IBIS V-I curve lie within the inner bounding lines of the V-I curves of Figure 3 and 4. 3. The full variation in the ratio of the "typical" IBIS pullup to "typical" IBIS pulldown current should be unity +/- 10%, for device drain to source voltages from 0.1 to1.0. This specification is a design objective only. It is not guaranteed. Iout(mA) 160 Maximum 140 120 Typical High 100 80 Typical Low 60 Minimum 40 20 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Pullup Characteristics for Full Strength Output Driver 0 .0 1 .0 2.5 Vout(V) 2 .0 0 -20 Minumum Typical Low Iout(mA) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 Typical High -160 -180 Maximum -200 -220 Pulldown Characteristics for Full Strength Output Driver Vout(V) Figure 3. I/V characteristics for input/output buffers:Pull up(above) and pull down(below) Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Pulldown Current (mA) Voltage (V) Typical Typical Low High 0.1 6.0 6.8 0.2 12.2 13.5 0.3 18.1 20.1 0.4 24.1 26.6 0.5 29.8 33.0 0.6 34.6 0.7 0.8 pullup Current (mA) Typical Typical Low High 9.6 -6.1 -7.6 9.2 18.2 -12.2 13.8 26.0 -18.1 18.4 33.9 23.0 41.8 39.1 27.7 39.4 44.2 43.7 49.8 0.9 47.5 1.0 1.1 Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum 4.6 -4.6 -10.0 -14.5 -9.2 -20.0 -21.2 -13.8 -29.8 -24.0 -27.7 -18.4 -38.8 -29.8 -34.1 -23.0 -46.8 49.4 -34.3 -40.5 -27.7 -54.4 32.2 56.8 -38.1 -46.9 -32.2 -61.8 36.8 63.2 -41.1 -53.1 -36.0 -69.5 55.2 39.6 69.9 -41.8 -59.4 -38.2 -77.3 51.3 60.3 42.6 76.3 -46.0 -65.5 -38.7 -85.2 54.1 65.2 44.8 82.5 -47.8 -71.6 -39.0 -93.0 1.2 56.2 69.9 46.2 88.3 -49.2 -77.6 -39.2 -100.6 1.3 57.9 74.2 47.1 93.8 -50.0 -83.6 -39.4 -108.1 1.4 59.3 78.4 47.4 99.1 -50.5 -89.7 -39.6 -115.5 1.5 60.1 82.3 47.7 103.8 -50.7 -95.5 -39.9 -123.0 1.6 60.5 85.9 48.0 108.4 -51.0 -101.3 -40.1 -130.4 1.7 61.0 89.1 48.4 112.1 -51.1 -107.1 -40.2 -136.7 1.8 61.5 92.2 48.9 115.9 -51.3 -112.4 -40.3 -144.2 1.9 62.0 95.3 49.1 119.6 -51.5 -118.7 -40.4 -150.5 2.0 62.5 97.2 49.4 123.3 -51.6 -124.0 -40.5 -156.9 2.1 62.9 99.1 49.6 126.5 -51.8 -129.3 -40.6 -163.2 2.2 63.3 100.9 49.8 129.5 -52.0 -134.6 -40.7 -169.6 2.3 63.8 101.9 49.9 132.4 -52.2 -139.9 -40.8 -176.0 2.4 64.1 102.8 50.0 135.0 -52.3 -145.2 -40.9 -181.3 2.5 64.6 103.8 50.2 137.3 -52.5 -150.5 -41.0 -187.6 2.6 64.8 104.6 50.4 139.2 -52.7 -155.3 -41.1 -192.9 2.7 65.0 105.4 50.5 140.8 -52.8 -160.1 -41.2 -198.2 Table 8. Full Strength Driver Characteristics Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM 90 Maximum 80 70 Typical High 50 Iout(mA) Iout(mA) 60 40 Typical Low Minimum 30 20 10 0 0.0 1.0 2.0 Pullup Characteristics for Weak Output Driver 0.0 1.0 Vout(V) 2.0 0 Iout(mA) -10 Minumum Typical Low -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 Typical High -70 -80 Maximum -90 Pulldown Characteristics for Weak Output Driver Vout(V) Figure 4. I/V characteristics for input/output buffers:Pull up(above) and pull down(below) Rev. 1.3 April, 2005 DDR SDRAM 256Mb E-die (x4, x8) DDR SDRAM Pulldown Current (mA) Voltage (V) Typical Typical Low High 0.1 3.4 3.8 pullup Current (mA) Minimum Maximum 2.6 5.0 Typical Typical Low High -3.5 -4.3 Minimum Maximum -2.6 -5.0 0.2 6.9 7.6 5.2 9.9 -6.9 -8.2 -5.2 -9.9 0.3 10.3 11.4 7.8 14.6 -10.3 -12.0 -7.8 -14.6 0.4 13.6 15.1 10.4 19.2 -13.6 -15.7 -10.4 -19.2 0.5 16.9 18.7 13.0 23.6 -16.9 -19.3 -13.0 -23.6 0.6 19.6 22.1 15.7 28.0 -19.4 -22.9 -15.7 -28.0 0.7 22.3 25.0 18.2 32.2 -21.5 -26.5 -18.2 -32.2 0.8 24.7 28.2 20.8 35.8 -23.3 -30.1 -20.4 -35.8 0.9 26.9 31.3 22.4 39.5 -24.8 -33.6 -21.6 -39.5 1.0 29.0 34.1 24.1 43.2 -26.0 -37.1 -21.9 -43.2 1.1 30.6 36.9 25.4 46.7 -27.1 -40.3 -22.1 -46.7 1.2 31.8 39.5 26.2 50.0 -27.8 -43.1 -22.2 -50.0 1.3 32.8 42.0 26.6 53.1 -28.3 -45.8 -22.3 -53.1 1.4 33.5 44.4 26.8 56.1 -28.6 -48.4 -22.4 -56.1 1.5 34.0 46.6 27.0 58.7 -28.7 -50.7 -22.6 -58.7 1.6 34.3 48.6 27.2 61.4 -28.9 -52.9 -22.7 -61.4 1.7 34.5 50.5 27.4 63.5 -28.9 -55.0 -22.7 -63.5 1.8 34.8 52.2 27.7 65.6 -29.0 -56.8 -22.8 -65.6 1.9 35.1 53.9 27.8 67.7 -29.2 -58.7 -22.9 -67.7 2.0 35.4 55.0 28.0 69.8 -29.2 -60.0 -22.9 -69.8 2.1 35.6 56.1 28.1 71.6 -29.3 -61.2 -23.0 -71.6 2.2 35.8 57.1 28.2 73.3 -29.5 -62.4 -23.0 -73.3 2.3 36.1 57.7 28.3 74.9 -29.5 -63.1 -23.1 -74.9 2.4 36.3 58.2 28.3 76.4 -29.6 -63.8 -23.2 -76.4 2.5 36.5 58.7 28.4 77.7 -29.7 -64.4 -23.2 -77.7 2.6 36.7 59.2 28.5 78.8 -29.8 -65.1 -23.3 -78.8 2.7 36.8 59.6 28.6 79.7 -29.9 -65.8 -23.3 -79.7 Table 9. Weak Driver Characteristics Rev. 1.3 April, 2005