Allegro A4936MET-T 3-phase brushless dc motor pre-driver Datasheet

A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
Features and Benefits
Description
• Drives 6 N-channel MOSFETs
• Synchronous rectification for low power dissipation
• Internal UVLO and thermal shutdown circuitry
• Hall element inputs
• PWM current limiting
• Dead time protection
• FG outputs
• Standby mode
• Lock detect protection
• Overvoltage protection
The A4936 is a complete 3-phase brushless DC motor pre-driver,
supplying up to 28 V output for direct, high-current gate drive
of an all N-channel power MOSFET 3-phase bridge. The device
has three Hall-element inputs, a sequencer for commutation
control, fixed off-time pulse width modulation (PWM) current
control, and locked-rotor detection.
Package: 32-contact QFN (suffix ET)
Output current is scaled by the capability of the external
MOSFETs. Locked rotor detection delay is set by an external
capacitor on the CLD terminal. The PWM, DIR, and BRAKE
and STOP inputs can be used to control motor speed, position,
and torque. Motor speed can be determined using the FG output
from an FG coil amplifier and comparator.
The external MOSFETS can be PWMed using an external
signal on the PWM input, or using the internal PWM current
regulator. In either case, the A4936 synchronous rectification
feature reduces power dissipation by turning-on the appropriate
MOSFETs during current decay.
The Hall elements can be inexpensive types, when used with
noise filtering to prevent false commutation signals. The
A4936 provides a regulated 7.5 V supply to power the three
Hall elements.
Not to scale
Continued on the next page…
Typical Application Diagram
V+
System
Control
Logic
A4936-DS
BLDC
Motor
A4936
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
Description (continued)
Internal circuit protection includes thermal shutdown with hysteresis,
undervoltage lockout, and dead time protection. Special power-up
sequencing is not required. Operating temperature range is –20°C
to 105°C.
The device package is a 32-contact, 5 mm × 5 mm, 0.90 mm
nominal overall height QFN, with exposed pad for enhanced thermal
dissipation. This small-footprint package is lead (Pb) free, with 100%
matte tin leadframe plating.
Selection Guide
Part Number
Packing*
Package
A4936MET-T
73 pieces per tube
A4936METTR-T
1500 pieces per reel
*Contact Allegro® for additional packing options
32-pin QFN, 5 mm × 5 mm,
0.90 mm nominal overall height
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristic
Load Supply Voltage
Symbol
Notes
Motor Phase Output
Sx
tw< 500 ns
Hall Input
VHx
DC
Logic Input Voltage Range
VIN
Ambient Operating Temperature
TA
Maximum Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature
Rating
Unit
38
V
–3
V
–0.3 to 7
V
VBB
–0.3 to 7
V
–20 to 105
°C
TJ(max)
150
°C
Tstg
–40 to 150
°C
Range M
Thermal Characteristics may require derating at maximum conditions, see application information
Characteristic
Symbol
Package Thermal Resistance
(Junction to Ambient)
RθJA
Package Thermal Resistance
(Junction to Exposed Pad)
RθJP
Test Conditions*
On 4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
Value
Unit
32
ºC/W
2
ºC/W
*Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
2
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
Functional Block Diagram
100 nF
CP1
100 nF
HA+
BRAKE
STOP
PWM
DIR
CLD
FGS
SA
HALL
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
GHA
SB
GHB
SC
GHC
GLA
GLB
GLC
Phase A
Control
Logic
System
Logic
VIN
SA
GLA
HC+
HC–
200 mV
SENSE
Phase A of three
phases shown
GHB
SB
GLB
GHC
SC
GLC
STOP
FGFB
DIR
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
100 nF
GHA
Gate
Drive
BRAKE
NC
GND
HBIAS
CP1
CP2
VBB
VCP
SENSE
9
HALL
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
PAD
Enable
HA+
HA–
HB+
HB–
100 nF
VCP
VREG
–
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
OVP
Communication
Logic
VCP
VBB
+
HA–
HB+
HB–
HC+
HC–
FG+
FGFB
FG–
Charge
Pump
VREG
HBIAS
2 kΩ
HALL
Pin-out Diagram
Lock
Detect
CLD
100 nF
CP2
PWM
–
FGS
+
FG–
FG+
GND
Terminal List Table
Number
Name
Function
Number
Name
Function
1
HA-
Hall input A
18
GLB
Low-side gate drive B
2
HB+
Hall input B
19
GLA
Low-side gate drive A
High-side gate drive C
3
HB-
Hall input B
20
GHC
4
HC+
Hall input C
21
SC
5
HC-
Hall input C
22
GHB
6
FG+
FG input
23
SB
7
FGFB
FG amplifier feedback output
24
GHA
8
FG-
FG input
25
SA
9
NC
No internal connection
26
FGS
FG output
Ground
27
CLD
Locked rotor detect timing capacitor
Hall bias power supply output
28
DIR
Logic input: motor direction
High-side source connection C
High-side gate drive B
High-side source connection B
High-side gate drive A
High-side source connection A
10
GND
11
HBIAS
12
CP1
Charge pump capacitor terminal
29
PWM
Logic input: external PWM control
13
CP2
Charge pump capacitor terminal
30
STOP
Logic input: output disable
14
VBB
Supply voltage
31
BRAKE
15
VCP
Reservoir capacitor terminal
32
HA+
Hall input A
16
SENSE
17
GLC
–
PAD
Exposed Thermal Pad
Sense resistor connection
Low-side gate drive C
Logic input: motor brake
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
3
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1,2 Valid at TA = 25°C, VIN = 24 V; unless otherwise noted
Characteristics
Symbol
Test Conditions
Typ.3
Max.
8.5
–
VBBOV
V
–
5.1
6.5
mA
Min.
Unit
General
Supply Voltage Range
Motor Supply Current
VBB
IBB
Operating
fPWM < 30 kHz, CLOAD = 1000 pF
–
3
4
mA
7.2
7.5
7.8
V
IHBIASlim
30
–
–
mA
VIN(1)
2
–
–
V
HBIAS
VHBIAS
HBIAS Current Limit
Standby mode
0 mA ≤ IHBIAS ≤ 24 mA
Control Logic
Logic Input Voltage
Logic Input Current
–
–
0.8
V
IIN(1)
VIN = 2 V
–1.0
<1.0
1.0
μA
IIN(0)
VIN = 0.8 V
–1.0
<–1.0
1.0
μA
PWM pin
350
500
650
ns
DIR, BRAKE, and STOP pins
VIN(0)
Input Pin Glitch Reject
tGLITCH
700
1000
1300
ns
HBIAS Wake-up Delay, Standby Mode
tdHBIAS
CHBIAS = 0.1 μF
–
15
25
μs
High-Side Gate Drive Output
VGS(H)
Relative to VBB, IGATE = 2 mA
7
–
–
V
Gate Drive
Low-Side Gate Drive Output
VGS(L)
IGATE = 2 mA
7
–
–
V
Gate Drive Current (Sourcing)
IGATE
GHx = GLx = 4 V
20
30
–
mA
Gate Drive Pull-Down Resistance
RGATE
10
28
40
Ω
Dead Time
tDEAD
700
1000
1300
ns
Current Limit Input Threshold
VREF
180
200
220
mV
Fixed Off-Time
tOFF
18
25
37
μs
TJTSD
155
170
185
°C
TJTSDhys
–
20
–
°C
6.2
7
7.85
V
0.4
0.75
1
V
V
Protection
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
VBB UVLO Enable Threshold
VBB UVLO Hysteresis
VCP UVLO
Lock Detect Duration
VBB Overvoltage Threshold
VBBUV
Rising VBB
VBBUVhys
VCPUV
Relative to VBB , VCP falling
4.6
–
6
tlock
C = 0.1 μF
1.5
2
2.5
s
VBBOV
Rising VBB
30
33
37.5
V
VIN = 0.2 to 3.5 V
–1
0
1
μA
Hall Logic
Hall Input Current
IHALL
Common Mode Input Range
VCMR
0.2
–
3.5
V
AC Input Voltage Range
VHALL
60
–
–
mVp-p
Difference between Hall inputs at transitions
–
+10, –10
–
mV
TJ = 25°C
10
20
30
mV
TJ = –20°C to 125°C
5
20
40
mV
–
2
–
μs
Hall Thresholds
Vth
Hall Threshold Hysteresis
VHYS
Pulse Reject Filter
tpulse
Continued on the next page…
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
4
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1,2 (continued) Valid at TA = 25°C, VIN = 24 V; unless otherwise noted
Characteristics
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.3
Max.
Unit
FG
FG Input Bias Current
FG Input Offset Voltage
IBFG
–1
–
1
μA
VOSFG
–15
–
15
mV
FGS Output High Leakage
IOH
VOH = 5 V
–1
–
1
μA
FGS Output Low Voltage
VOL
IOL = 2 mA
–
0.2
0.4
V
FG Amp Open Loop Gain
AFG
45
60
–
dB
FG Amp Bias Voltage
VBFG
2.2
2.5
2.8
V
VFGhys
40
110
160
mV
FG Comparator Hysteresis
1For
input and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device pin.
2Specifications throughout the allowed operating temperature range are guaranteed by design and characterization.
3Typical data are for initial design estimations only, and assume optimum manufacturing and application conditions. Performance may vary for
individual units, within the specified maximum and minimum limits.
Logic States Table* (See timing charts, below)
Condition
A
B
C
Forward
D
E
F
A
B
C
Reverse
D
E
F
HA
HB
HC
DIR
STOP
+
–
+
1
0
+
–
–
1
0
+
+
–
1
0
–
+
–
1
0
–
+
+
1
0
–
–
+
1
0
+
–
+
0
0
+
–
–
0
0
+
+
–
0
0
–
+
–
0
0
–
+
+
0
0
–
–
+
0
0
–
–
–
X
X
Fault
+
+
+
X
X
Brake
X
X
X
X
0
Coast
X
X
X
X
1
Standby
X
X
X
X
1
*X = Don’t care (can be 1 or 0), Z = High impedance
BRAKE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
X
X
1
0
1
PWM
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
GHA
GLA
GHB
GLB
GHC
GLC
SA
SB
SC
HI
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
HI
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
LO
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
HI
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
LO
HI
HI
LO
LO
HI
LO
LO
HI
HI
Z
LO
LO
Z
LO
LO
Z
HI
HI
Z
Z
Z
LO
Z
Z
LO
Z
HI
HI
Z
LO
HI
Z
LO
LO
Z
HI
Z
Z
LO
Z
Z
Z
LO
LO
Z
HI
HI
Z
HI
HI
Z
LO
LO
Z
Z
LO
Z
Z
DIR = 1 = Forward
A
B
C
D
DIR = 0 = Reverse
E
F
A
HA
HA
HB
HB
HC
HC
SA
SA
SB
SB
SC
SC
B
C
D
E
F
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
5
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
Power-Up and Standby Mode Timing Diagram
VBB
VBBUV
Charge
Pump
VCPUV
HBIAS
Voltage
VHBIAS
Standby Mode
(Turn-off Hall bias supply)
STOP
BRAKE
Don’t Care
Don’t Care
Outputs Enabled
Outputs Disabled
Outputs Enabled
Power-Down Timing Diagram
VBB
VBBUV
Charge
Pump
VCPUV
HBIAS
Voltage
VHBIAS
Outputs Enabled
Outputs Disabled
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
6
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
Functional Description
Current Regulation Load current is regulated by an internal
fixed off-time PWM control circuit. When the outputs of the full
bridge are turned on, current increases in the motor winding until
it reaches a value, ITRIP , given by:
ITRIP = 200 mV / RSENSE
When ITRIP is reached, the sense comparator resets the source
enable latch, turning off the source driver. At this point, load
inductance causes the current to recirculate for the fixed off-time
period.
PWM Logic The PWM input terminal allows external PWM.
PWM high turns on the selected sink-source pair. PWM low
switches off the appropriate drivers and the load current decays.
If PWM is held high, the current will rise until it reaches the
level set by the internal current control circuit. Typically PWM
frequency is in the 20 to 30 kHz range. The PWM logic is summarized in the following table:
PWM
Outputs
Outputs State
1
On
Drive
0
Source
chopped
Slow decay with
synchronous rectification
Fixed Off-Time The A4936 fixed off-time is set to 25 μs,
nominal.
PWM Blank Timer When a source driver turns on, a current
spike occurs due to the reverse recovery currents of the clamp
diodes as well as switching transients related to distributed capacitance in the load. To prevent this current spike from erroneously
resetting the source enable latch, the sense comparator is blanked.
The blanking timer runs after the off-time counter completes,
in order to provide the blanking function. The blanking timer is
reset when PWM is low or DIR is changed. With external PWM
control, a DIR change or a PWM-on triggers the blanking function. The duration is fixed at 1.5 μs.
Synchronous Rectification When a PWM-off cycle is triggered, either by a low input on PWM or by an internal fixed
off-time cycle, load current recirculates. The A4936 synchronous
rectification feature turns-on the appropriate MOSFETs during
the current decay, and effectively shorts-out the body diodes with
the low RDS(on) driver. This lowers power dissipation significantly and can eliminate the need for external Schottky diodes.
Run Mode The motor phases are only energized when the STOP
input is low. When the STOP input is high, all MOSFETs are held
in the off state and the phase connections to the motor are high
impedance. In this state a running motor will coast to stop. The
STOP input overrides the PWM input. When STOP is high and
BRAKE is high, the A4936 enters Standby mode.
Brake Mode A logic high on the BRAKE pin activates Brake
mode. A logic low allows normal operation. Braking turns on all
three sink drivers, effectively shorting out the motor-generated
BEMF. The BRAKE input overrides the PWM input and also the
Lock Detect function. The STOP input must be low for Brake
mode to operate.
It is important to note that the internal PWM current control circuit does not limit the current when braking, because the current
does not flow through the sense resistor. The maximum current
can be approximated by VBEMF / RLOAD . Care should be taken to
insure that the maximum ratings of the A4396 are not exceeded
in the worse case braking situation of high speed and high inertial
load.
Standby Mode The reduced power Standby mode is provided
to reduce current consumption when the motor is not required to
be driven. The Hall bias supply and the charge pump are disabled
and all MOSFETs are turned-off. The A4936 enters Standby
mode when STOP and BRAKE are held high together. All other
control inputs are ignored when in Standby mode.
HBIAS Function This provides a power supply of 7.5 V,
current-limited to 30 mA. This reference voltage is used to power
the logic sections of the A4936 and also to power the external
Hall elements.
Charge Pump The internal charge pump is used to generate a
supply above VBB to drive the high-side MOSFETs. The voltage
on the VCP pin is internally monitored, and in case of a fault
condition, the outputs of the device are disabled.
Fault Shutdown In the event of a fault due to excessive junction temperature or due to low voltage on VCP or VBB, the
outputs of the device are disabled until the fault condition is
removed. At power-up the UVLO circuit disables the drivers.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
7
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
Overvoltage Protection VBB is monitored to determine if a
hazardous voltage is present due to the motor generator pumping up the supply bus. When the voltage exceeds VBBOV , the
synchronous rectification feature is disabled.
Overtemperature Protection If die temperature exceeds
approximately 165°C, the Thermal Shutdown function will disable the outputs until the internal temperature falls below the
threshold, by the hysteresis.
Lock Detect Function The A4936 monitors the Hall inputs
and the control inputs to determine if a locked rotor condition is
present. A locked rotor is determined to be present under either of
these two different conditions:
• The Hall inputs are not consistently changing.
• The proper commutation sequence is not being followed. The
motor can be locked in a condition in which it toggles between
two specific Hall device states.
If there are no Hall input changes within the lock time, tlock , or
the Hall inputs toggle between two adjacent states for longer then
tlock , then the outputs are disabled, and the fault is latched.
The fault remains latched until cleared by any one of the following actions:
• Rising or falling edge on the DIR pin.
• VBB UVLO threshold exceeded (during power-up cycle).
• PWM pin held low for > tlock / 2.
The lock time, tlock , is set by a capacitor connected to the CLD
pin. CLD produces a triangle waveform (1.67 V peak-to-peak)
with frequency linearly related to the capacitor value. tlock is
defined as 127 cycles of this triangle waveform, or:
tlock = CLD × 20
where:
tlock is the lock time in μs, and
CLD is the value of the capacitor in μF.
The Lock Detect function is disabled by connecting CLD to
GND.
When BRAKE is high, lock detection is disabled. It also is disabled if the PWM input remains low for the duration of the Hall
input lock detection.
FG Amplifier and Comparator A differential amplifier and
a comparator are integrated into the A4936 to amplify and shape
the FG signal from the FG coil underneath the motor. This coil
is typically created with a copper PCB trace, and as the motor
spins, the coil creates a low amplitude sinusoidal voltage with a
frequency proportional to the motor speed.
The FG input differential amplifier is biased at 2.5 V, and the gain
is set by the impedance between the FGFB pin and the FG– input.
This amplified signal is then compared to 2.5 V to create the
FGS output signal. The recommended value for the gain setting
feedback resistor is 50 to 500 kΩ. The recommended value for
the capacitor between FB+ and GND is 10 nF to 10 μF.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
8
A4936
3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Pre-Driver
Package ET 32-Contact QFN
0.30
5.00 ±0.15
32
32
1
2
0.50
1.00
1
2
A
5.00 ±0.15
3.40
5.00
1
33X
D
SEATING
PLANE
0.08 C
+0.05
0.25 –0.07
0.90 ±0.10
0.50 BSC
3.40
C
5.00
C
PCB Layout Reference View
Concept Drawing For Reference Only; not for tooling use
(reference JEDEC MO-220VHHD-6)
Dimensions in millimeters
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
0.50±0.05
3.40
B
2
1
32
3.40
A Terminal #1 mark area
B Exposed thermal pad (reference only, terminal #1
identifier appearance at supplier discretion)
C Reference land pattern layout (reference
IPC7351 QFN50P500X500X100-33V6M);
All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as
necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout
tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the
exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal dissipation (reference
EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
D Coplanarity includes exposed thermal pad and terminals
Copyright ©2010, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
The products described here are manufactured under one or more U.S. patents or U.S. patents pending.
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the
information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the
failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use;
nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.
115 Northeast Cutoff
Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 U.S.A.
1.508.853.5000; www.allegromicro.com
9
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