Maxim MAX198 Multirange, single %v, 12-bit das with 12-bit bus interface Datasheet

19-0435; Rev 0; 9/95
KIT
ATION
EVALU
E
L
B
A
IL
AVA
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
________________________Applications
Industrial-Control Systems
Robotics
Data-Acquisition Systems
Automatic Testing Systems
Medical Instruments
Telecommunications
Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet.
____________________________Features
♦ 12-Bit Resolution, 1/2LSB Linearity
♦ Single +5V Supply Operation
♦ Software-Selectable Input Ranges:
±10V, ±5V, 0V to +10V, 0V to +5V (MAX196)
±VREF, ±VREF/2, 0V to +VREF, 0V to +VREF/2
(MAX198)
♦ Internal 4.096V or External Reference
♦ Fault-Protected Input Multiplexer
♦ 6 Analog Input Channels
♦ 6µs Conversion Time, 100ksps Sampling Rate
♦ Internal or External Acquisition Control
♦ Two Power-Down Modes
♦ Internal or External Clock
______________Ordering Information
PART
TEMP. RANGE
MAX196ACNI
0°C to +70°C
PIN-PACKAGE
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX196BCNI
MAX196ACWI
MAX196BCWI
MAX196ACAI
MAX196BCAI
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
28 Wide SO
28 Wide SO
28 SSOP
28 SSOP
Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet.
__________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
CLK 1
28 DGND
CS 2
27 V DD
D11 3
26 WR
D10 4
25 RD
D9 5
D8 6
MAX196
MAX198
D7 7
24 INT
23 REF
22 REFADJ
D6 8
21 CH5
D5 9
20 CH4
D4 10
19 CH3
D3 11
18 CH2
D2 12
17 CH1
D1 13
16 CH0
D0 14
15 AGND
DIP/SO/SSOP/Ceramic SB
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
Call toll free 1-800-722-8266 for free samples or literature.
1
MAX196/MAX198
_______________General Description
The MAX196/MAX198 multirange, 12-bit data-acquisition systems (DAS) require only a single +5V supply for
operation, yet convert analog signals at their inputs up
to ±10V (MAX196) and ±4V (MAX198). These systems
provide six analog input channels that are independently software programmable for a variety of ranges:
±10V, ±5V, 0V to +10V, and 0V to +5V for the MAX196;
±VREF, ±VREF/2, 0V to +VREF, and 0V to +VREF/2 for
the MAX198. This range switching increases the effective dynamic range to 14 bits and provides the flexibility
to interface ±12V, ±15V, and 4mA to 20mA powered
sensors to a single +5V system. In addition, these converters are fault protected to ±16.5V; a fault condition
on any channel will not affect the conversion result of
the selected channel. Other features include a 5MHz
bandwidth track/hold, 100ksps throughput rate, software-selectable internal/external clock, internal/external
acquisition control, 12-bit parallel interface, and internal
4.096V or external reference.
Two programmable power-down modes (STBYPD,
FULLPD) provide low-current shutdown between conversions. In STBYPD mode, the reference buffer
remains active, eliminating start-up delays.
The MAX196/MAX198 employ a standard microprocessor (µP) interface. A three-state data I/O port is configured to operate with 16-bit data buses, and dataaccess and bus-release timing specifications are compatible with most popular µPs. All logic inputs and outputs are TTL/CMOS compatible.
These devices are available in 28-pin DIP, wide SO,
SSOP (55% smaller in area than wide SO), and ceramic
SB packages. For 8+4 bus interface, see the MAX197
and the MAX199 data sheets. An evaluation kit will be
available after December 1995 (MAX196EVKIT-DIP).
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VDD to AGND............................................................-0.3V to +7V
AGND to DGND.....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
REF to AGND..............................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
REFADJ to AGND.......................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Digital Inputs to DGND...............................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Digital Outputs to DGND ............................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
CH0–CH5 to AGND ..........................................................±16.5V
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
Narrow Plastic DIP (derate 14.29mW/°C above +70°C)....1143mW
Wide SO (derate 12.50mW/°C above +70°C)..............1000mW
SSOP (derate 9.52mW/°C above +70°C) ......................762mW
Narrow Ceramic SB (derate 20.00mW/°C above +70°C)..1600mW
Operating Temperature Ranges
MAX196_C_ I/MAX198_C_ I .................................0°C to +70°C
MAX196_E_ I/MAX198_E_ I ...............................-40°C to +85°C
MAX196_MYI/MAX198_MYI.............................-55°C to +125°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 5V ±5%; unipolar/bipolar range; external reference mode, VREF = 4.096V; 4.7µF at REF pin; external clock, fCLK = 2.0MHz
with 50% duty cycle; TA = TMIN to TMAX; unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ACCURACY (Note 1)
Resolution
12
Integral Nonlinearity
INL
Differential Nonlinearity
DNL
±1/2
MAX196B/MAX198B
±1
±1
Unipolar
Offset Error
Bipolar
Channel-to-Channel Offset
Error Matching
MAX196A/MAX198A
±3
MAX196B/MAX198B
±5
MAX196A/MAX198A
±5
MAX196B/MAX198B
±0.1
Bipolar
±0.5
Unipolar
Bipolar
LSB
LSB
LSB
±10
Unipolar
Gain Error
(Note 2)
Gain Temperature Coefficient
(Note 2)
Bits
MAX196A/MAX198A
LSB
MAX196A/MAX198A
±7
MAX196B/MAX198B
±10
MAX196A/MAX198A
±7
MAX196B/MAX198B
LSB
±10
Unipolar
3
Bipolar
5
ppm/°C
DYNAMIC SPECIFICATIONS (10kHz sine-wave input, ±10Vp-p (MAX196) or ±4.096Vp-p (MAX198), fSAMPLE = 100ksps)
Signal-to-Noise + Distortion Ratio
SINAD
Total Harmonic Distortion
THD
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
SFDR
MAX196A/MAX198A
70
MAX196B/MAX198B
69
Up to the 5th harmonic
dB
-85
80
-78
dB
dB
Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk
50kHz, VIN = ±5V (MAX196) or ±4V (MAX198)
(Note 3)
Aperture Delay
External CLK mode/external acquisition control
15
ns
External CLK mode/external acquisition control
<50
ps
10
ns
Aperture Jitter
2
Internal CLK mode/internal acquisition
control (Note 4)
-86
_______________________________________________________________________________________
dB
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
(VDD = 5V ±5%; unipolar/bipolar range; external reference mode, VREF = 4.096V; 4.7µF at REF pin; external clock, fCLK = 2.0MHz
with 50% duty cycle; TA = TMIN to TMAX; unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
3
µs
ANALOG INPUT
Track/Hold Acquisition Time
fCLK = 2.0MHz
-3dB
rolloff
Small-Signal Bandwidth
±10V or ±VREF range
5
±5V or ±VREF/2 range
2.5
0V to 10V or 0V to VREF range
2.5
0V to 5V or 0V to VREF/2 range
Unipolar
MAX198
Input Voltage Range
(see Table 3)
VIN
MAX196
Bipolar
MAX198
Unipolar
MAX196
1.25
0
MAX196
IIN
MAX196
Bipolar
MAX198
∆VIN
∆IIN
Input Resistance
Input Capacitance
10
0
5
0
VREF
0
VREF/2
-10
10
-5
5
-VREF
VREF
-VREF/2
VREF/2
V
720
0V to 10V range
0V to 5V range
360
MAX198
Input Current
MHz
0.1
10
±10V range
-1200
720
±5V range
-600
360
±VREF range
-1200
10
±VREF/2 range
-600
10
Unipolar
21
Bipolar
16
(Note 5)
µA
kΩ
40
pF
4.116
V
INTERNAL REFERENCE
REF Output Voltage
REF Output Tempco
(Contact Maxim Applications for
guaranteed temperature drift
specifications)
Output Short-Circuit Current
Load Regulation
VREF
TC VREF
TA = +25°C
4.096
15
MAX196_E/MAX198_E
30
MAX196_M/MAX198_M
40
0mA to 0.5mA output current (Note 6)
Capacitive Bypass at REF
REFADJ Adjustment Range
ppm/°C
30
mA
10
mV
4.7
REFADJ Output Voltage
Buffer Voltage Gain
4.076
MAX196_C/MAX198_C
2.465
With recommended circuit (Figure 1)
µF
2.500
2.535
V
±1.5
%
1.6384
V/V
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX196/MAX198
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VDD = 5V ±5%; unipolar/bipolar range; external reference mode, VREF = 4.096V; 4.7µF at REF pin; external clock, fCLK = 2.0MHz
with 50% duty cycle; TA = TMIN to TMAX; unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
4.18
V
REFERENCE INPUT (buffer disabled, reference input applied to REF pin)
Input Voltage Range
2.4
VREF =
4.18V
Input Current
Input Resistance
Normal, or STANDBY
power-down mode
FULL power-down mode
10
kΩ
FULL power-down mode
5
MΩ
VDD - 50mV
VDD
V
4.75
5.25
Normal mode, bipolar ranges
Supply Current
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
(Note 8)
IDD
PSRR
µA
1
Normal, or STANDBY power-down mode
REFADJ Threshold for
Buffer Disable
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Supply Voltage
400
18
Normal mode, unipolar ranges
6
10
STANDBY power-down mode
700
850
FULL power-down mode (Note 7)
60
120
External reference = 4.096V
±0.1
±1/2
Internal reference
±1/2
V
mA
µA
LSB
TIMING
Internal Clock Frequency
fCLK
External Clock Frequency Range
fCLK
tACQI
Acquisition Time
tACQE
Conversion Time
tCONV
CCLK = 100pF
1.25
1.56
0.1
Internal acquisition
External CLK
3.0
Internal CLK
3.0
External acquisition (Note 9)
After FULLPD or STBYPD
6.0
Internal CLK, CCLK = 100pF
6.0
5.0
7.7
Power-up (Note 10)
Reference Buffer Settling
10.0
100
Internal CLK, CCLK = 100pF
To 0.1mV REF bypass
capacitor fully discharged
MHz
µs
5
External CLK
Bandgap Reference
Start-Up Time
MHz
2.0
3.0
External CLK
Throughput Rate
2.00
62
CREF = 4.7µF
CREF = 33µF
µs
ksps
200
µs
8
60
ms
DIGITAL INPUTS (D7–D0, CLK, RD, WR, CS) (Note 11)
Input High Voltage
VINH
Input Low Voltage
VINL
2.4
Input Leakage Current
IIN
VIN = 0V or VDD
Input Capacitance
CIN
(Note 5)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
V
0.8
V
±10
µA
15
pF
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
(VDD = 5V ±5%; unipolar/bipolar range; external reference mode, VREF = 4.096V; 4.7µF at REF pin; external clock, fCLK = 2.0MHz
with 50% duty cycle; TA = TMIN to TMAX; unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.4
V
15
pF
DIGITAL OUTPUTS (D11–D0, INT)
Output Low Voltage
VOL
VDD = 4.75V, ISINK = 1.6mA
Output High Voltage
VOH
VDD = 4.75V, ISOURCE = 1mA
Three-State Output Capacitance
COUT
(Note 5)
VDD - 1
V
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 5V ±5%; unipolar/bipolar range; external reference mode, VREF = 4.096V; 4.7µF at REF pin; external clock, fCLK = 2.0MHz
with 50% duty cycle; TA = TMIN to TMAX; unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
CS Pulse Width
tCS
80
ns
WR Pulse Width
tWR
80
ns
CS to WR Setup Time
tCSWS
0
ns
CS to WR Hold Time
tCSWH
0
ns
CS to RD Setup Time
tCSRS
0
ns
CS to RD Hold Time
tCSRH
0
CLK to WR Setup Time
tCWS
100
ns
CLK to WR Hold Time
tCWH
50
ns
ns
Data Valid to WR Setup
tDS
60
Data Valid to WR Hold
tDH
0
RD Low to Output Data Valid
tDO
Figure 2, CL = 100pF (Note 12)
120
ns
RD High to Output Disable
tTR
(Note 13)
70
ns
RD Low to INT High Delay
tINT1
120
ns
Note 1:
Note 2:
Note 3:
Note 4:
Note 5:
Note 6:
Note 7:
Note 8:
Note 9:
Note 10:
Note 11:
Note 12:
Note 13:
ns
ns
Accuracy specifications tested at VDD = 5.0V. Performance at power-supply tolerance limits guaranteed by Power-Supply
Rejection test. Tested for the ±10V (MAX196) and ±4.096V (MAX198) input ranges.
External reference: VREF = 4.096V, offset error nulled, ideal last code transition = FS - 3/2LSB.
Ground “on” channel; sine wave applied to all “off” channels.
Maximum full-power input frequency for 1LSB error with 10ns jitter = 3kHz.
Guaranteed by design. Not tested.
Use static loads only.
Tested using internal reference.
PSRR measured at full-scale.
External acquisition timing: starts at data valid at ACQMOD = low control byte; ends at rising edge of WR with ACQMOD
= high control byte.
Not subject to production testing. Provided for design guidance only.
All input control signals specified with tR = tF = 5ns from a voltage level of 0.8V to 2.4V.
tDO is measured with the load circuits of Figure 2 and defined as the time required for an output to cross 0.8V or 2.4V.
tTR is defined as the time required for the data lines to change by 0.5V.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX196/MAX198
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
fTONE = 10kHz
fSAMPLE = 100kHz
-20
fSAMPLE = 100kHz
0.050
0
-40
-60
-80
-0.050
-100
-0.100
-120
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
25
MAX196/8-4
0.4
VDD = 5V ±0.25V
0.2
VREF (V)
PSRR (LSB)
REF
CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL
OFFSET-ERROR MATCHING vs. TEMPERATURE
100Hz
-0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
-70 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL
GAIN-ERROR MATCHING vs. TEMPERATURE
0.33
CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL
GAIN-ERROR MATCHING (LSB)
MAX196/8-6
CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL
OFFSET-ERROR MATCHING (LSB)
0
-0.6
-70 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
TEMPERATURE (°C)
5 25 45 65 85 105 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
120Hz
-0.4
4.080
0.20
100
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs. TEMPERATURE
4.090
-55 -35 -15
10
INPUT FREQUENCY (kHz)
4.095
AV = 1.6384
+2.5V
INTERNAL
REFERENCE
REFADJ
10.5
1
50
FREQUENCY (kHz)
REFERENCE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (VREF)
vs. TEMPERATURE
4.085
11.0
10.0
0
DIGITAL CODE
4.100
11.5
MAX196/8-5
0.100
MAX196/8-7
AMPLITUDE (dB)
0.150
-0.150
6
12.0
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS
0.200
MAX196/8-2
0
MAX196/8-1
0.250
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS
vs. INPUT FREQUENCY
FFT PLOT
MAX196/8-3
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY
vs. DIGITAL CODE
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY (LSB)
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
-70 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
TEMPERATURE (°C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
CLK
Clock Input. In external clock mode, drive CLK with a TTL/CMOS-compatible clock. In internal clock mode,
place a capacitor (CCLK) from this pin to ground to set the internal clock frequency; fCLK = 1.56MHz typical
with CCLK = 100pF.
Chip Select, active low
1
2
CS
3–14
D11–D0
15
AGND
16–21
CH0–CH5
Analog Input Channels
22
REFADJ
Bandgap Voltage-Reference Output/External Adjust Pin. Bypass with a 0.01µF capacitor to AGND. Connect
to VDD when using an external reference at the REF pin.
23
REF
Reference Buffer Output/ADC Reference Input. In internal reference mode, the reference buffer provides a
4.096V nominal output, externally adjustable at REFADJ. In external reference mode, disable the internal
buffer by pulling REFADJ to VDD.
24
INT
INT goes low when conversion is complete and output data is ready.
25
RD
If CS is low, a falling edge on RD will enable a read operation on the data bus.
26
WR
In the internal acquisition mode, when CS is low, a rising edge on WR latches in configuration data and starts an
acquisition plus a conversion cycle. In the external acquisition mode, when CSis low, the first rising edge on WR
starts an acquisition, and a second rising edge on WR ends acquisition and starts a conversion cycle.
27
VDD
+5V Supply. Bypass with 0.1µF capacitor to AGND.
28
DGND
Three-State Digital I/O, D11 = MSB
Analog Ground
Digital Ground
_______________Detailed Description
+5V
Converter Operation
510k
100k
The MAX196/MAX198 multirange, fault-tolerant ADCs
use successive approximation and internal input
track/hold (T/H) circuitry to convert an analog signal to
a 12-bit digital output. The 12-bit parallel-output format
provides easy interface to microprocessors (µPs).
Figure 3 shows the MAX196/MAX198 in the simplest
operational configuration.
REFADJ
0.01µF
MAX196
MAX198
24k
Figure 1. Reference-Adjust Circuit
Analog-Input Track/Hold
+5V
3k
DOUT
3k
CLOAD
DOUT
CLOAD
a) High-Z to VOH and VOL to VOH
b) High-Z to VOL and VOH to VOL
Figure 2. Load Circuits for Enable Time
In the internal acquisition control mode (control bit D5
set to 0), the T/H enters its tracking mode on WR’s rising edge, and enters its hold mode when the internally
timed (6 clock cycles) acquisition interval ends. In bipolar mode and unipolar mode (MAX196 only), a lowimpedance input source, which settles in less than
1.5µs, is required to maintain conversion accuracy at
the maximum conversion rate.
When the MAX198 is configured for unipolar mode, the
input does not need to be driven from a low-impedance
source. The acquisition time (tAZ) is a function of the
source output resistance (RS), the channel input resistance (RIN), and the T/H capacitance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX196/MAX198
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
Acquisition time is calculated as follows:
For 0V to VREF: tAZ = 9 x (RS + RIN) x 16pF
For 0V to VREF/2: tAZ = 9 x (RS + RIN) x 32pF
where RIN = 7kΩ and tAZ is never less than 2µs (0V to
VREF range) or 3µs (0V to VREF/2 range).
In the external acquisition control mode (D5 = 1), the
T/H enters its tracking mode on the first WR rising edge
and enters its hold mode when it detects the second
WR rising edge with D5 = 0 (see External Acquisition
section).
Input Bandwidth
The ADC’s input tracking circuitry has a 5MHz smallsignal bandwidth. When using the internal acquisition
mode with an external clock frequency of 2MHz, a
100ksps throughput rate can be achieved. It is possible
to digitize high-speed transient events and measure
periodic signals with bandwidths exceeding the ADC’s
sampling rate by using undersampling techniques. To
avoid high-frequency signals being aliased into the frequency band of interest, anti-alias filtering is recommended (MAX274/MAX275 continuous-time filters).
Input Range and Protection
1
CLK
DGND
28
100pF
µP
CONTROL
INPUTS
25
RD
26
WR
2
CS
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
MAX196
MAX198
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
27
VDD
23
REF
22 4.7µF
REFADJ
4.7µF
0.01µF
0.01µF
INT
CH5
CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
AGND
24
+5V
OUTPUT STATUS
21
20
19
18
17
16
ANALOG
INPUTS
15
µP DATA BUS
Figure 4 shows the equivalent input circuit. The fullscale input voltage depends on the voltage at the reference (VREF). The MAX196 uses a scaling factor, which
allows input voltage ranges of ±10V, ±5V, 0V to +10V,
or 0V to +5V with a 4.096V voltage reference (Table 1).
Program the desired range by setting the appropriate
control bits (D3, D4) in the control byte (Tables 2 and
3). The MAX198 does not use a scaling factor, so its
input voltage range directly corresponds with the reference voltage. It can be programmed for input voltages
of ±VREF, ±VREF/2, 0V to VREF, or 0V to VREF/2 (Table
3). When an external reference is applied at REFADJ,
the voltage at REF is given by VREF = 1.6384 x VREFADJ
(2.4V < VREF < 4.18V).
The input channels are overvoltage protected to
±16.5V. This protection is active even if the device is in
power-down mode.
Even with VDD = 0V, the input resistive network provides
current-limiting that adequately protects the device.
Digital Interface
Figure 3. Operational Diagram
BIPOLAR
VOLTAGE
REFERENCE
S1
UNIPOLAR
5.12k
OFF
R1
CH_
Input data (control byte) and output data are multiplexed on a three-state parallel interface. This parallel
I/O can easily be interfaced with a µP. CS, WR, and RD
control the write and read operations. CS is the standard chip-select signal, which enables a µP to address
the MAX196/MAX198 as an I/O port. When high, it disables the WR and RD inputs and forces the interface
into a high-Z state.
CHOLD
S2
T/H
OUT
ON
S3
R2
HOLD
TRACK
TRACK
HOLD
S4
S1 = BIPOLAR/UNIPOLAR SWITCH R1 = 12.5kΩ (MAX196) OR 5.12kΩ (MAX198)
S2 = INPUT MUX SWITCH
R2 = 8.67kΩ (MAX196) OR ∞ (MAX198)
S3, S4 = T/H SWITCH
Table 1. Full Scale and Zero Scale
(MAX196 only)
RANGE (V) ZERO SCALE (V) -FULL SCALE +FULL SCALE
0 to +5
0
—
VREF x 1.2207
0 to +10
0
—
VREF x 2.4414
±5
—
-VREF x 1.2207 VREF x 1.2207
±10
—
-VREF x 2.4414 VREF x 2.4414
Figure 4. Equivalent Input Circuit
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
MAX196/MAX198
Table 2. Control-Byte Format
D7 (MSB)
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0 (LSB)
PD1
PD0
ACQMOD
RNG
BIP
A2
A1
A0
BIT
NAME
7, 6
PD1, PD0
These two bits select the clock and power-down modes (Table 4).
5
ACQMOD
0 = internally controlled acquisition (6 clock cycles), 1 = externally controlled acquisition
4
RNG
3
BIP
2, 1, 0
A2, A1, A0
DESCRIPTION
Selects the full-scale voltage magnitude at the input (Table 3).
Selects unipolar or bipolar conversion mode (Table 3).
These are address bits for the input mux to select the “on” channel (Table 5).
Table 3. Range and Polarity Selection
INPUT RANGE (V)
(MAX196)
INPUT RANGE (V)
(MAX198)
0
0 to 5
1
0 to 10
0
±5
±VREF/2
1
±10
±VREF
BIP
RNG
0
0
1
1
Table 4. Clock and Power-Down Selection
PD1 PD0
DEVICE MODE
0
0
Normal Operation / External Clock Mode
0 to VREF/2
0
1
Normal Operation / Internal Clock Mode
0 to VREF
1
0
Standby Power-Down (STBYPD); clock mode
is unaffected
1
1
Full Power-Down (FULLPD); clock mode is
unaffected
Table 5. Channel Selection
A2
A1
A0
CH0
0
0
0
∗
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
∗
∗
∗
∗
∗
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
Input Format
The control byte is latched into the device, on pins
D7–D0, during a write cycle. Table 2 shows the controlbyte format.
duration is internally timed. Conversion starts when this
six-clock-cycle acquisition interval (3µs with f CLK =
2MHz) ends (see Figure 5).
External Acquisition
Use the external acquisition timing mode for precise control of the sampling aperture and/or independent control
of acquisition and conversion times. The user controls
acquisition and start-of-conversion with two separate
write pulses. The first pulse, written with ACQMOD = 1,
starts an acquisition interval of indeterminate length. The
second write pulse, written with ACQMOD = 0, terminates acquisition and starts conversion on WR’s rising
edge (Figure 6). However, if the second control byte
contains ACQMOD = 1, an indefinite acquisition interval
is restarted.
The address bits for the input mux must have the same
values on the first and second write pulses. Power-down
mode bits (PD0, PD1) can assume new values on the
second write pulse (see Power-Down Mode section).
Output Data Format
The output data format is binary in unipolar mode and
twos-complement binary in bipolar mode. When reading
the output data, CS and RD must be low.
How to Start a Conversion
Conversions are initiated with a write operation, which
selects the mux channel and configures the MAX196/
MAX198 for either a unipolar or bipolar input range. A
write pulse (WR + CS) can either start an acquisition interval or initiate a combined acquisition plus conversion. The
sampling interval occurs at the end of the acquisition
interval. The ACQMOD bit in the input control byte offers
two options for acquiring the signal: internal or external.
The conversion period lasts for 12 clock cycles in either
internal or external clock or acquisition mode.
Writing a new control byte during a conversion cycle will
abort the conversion and start a new acquisition interval.
How to Read a Conversion
A standard interrupt signal, INT, is provided to allow the
device to flag the µP when the conversion has ended
and a valid result is available. INT goes low when conversion is complete and the output data is ready
(Figures 5 and 6). It returns high on the first read cycle
or if a new control byte is written.
Internal Acquisition
Select internal acquisition by writing the control byte with
the ACQMOD bit cleared (ACQMOD = 0). This causes
the write pulse to initiate an acquisition interval whose
tCS
CS
tACQI
tCSWS
tCSRH
tCSRS
tCSWH
tWR
tCONV
WR
tDH
tDS
CONTROL
BYTE
D7–D0
ACQMOD ="0"
tINT1
INT
RD
tTR
tD0
HIGH-Z
DOUT
DATA VALID
Figure 5. Conversion Timing Using Internal Acquisition Mode
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
HIGH-Z
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
MAX196/MAX198
tCSRS
tCS
tCSRH
CS
tCSWS
tWR
tACQI
tCSHW
tCONV
WR
tDH
tDS
D7–D0
CONTROL
BYTE
ACQMOD = "1"
CONTROL
BYTE
ACQMOD = "0"
tINT1
INT
RD
tD0
tTR
DATA VALID
DOUT
Figure 6. Conversion Timing Using External Acquisition Mode
Internal Clock Mode
Select internal clock mode to free the µP from the
burden of running the SAR conversion clock. To select
this mode, write the control byte with D7 = 0 and D6 =
1. A 100pF capacitor between the CLK pin and ground
sets this frequency to 1.56MHz nominal. Figure 7
shows a linear relationship between the internal clock
period and the value of the external capacitor used.
INTERNAL CLOCK PERIOD (ns)
Clock Modes
The MAX196/MAX198 operate with either an internal or
an external clock. Control bits (D6, D7) select either
internal or external clock mode. Once the desired clock
mode is selected, changing these bits to program
power-down will not affect the clock mode. In each
mode, internal or external acquisition can be used. At
power-up, external clock mode is selected.
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
50
100 150 200
250 300 350
CLOCK PIN CAPACITANCE (pF)
External Clock Mode
Select external clock mode by writing the control byte
with D7 = 0 and D6 = 0. Figure 8 shows CLK and WR
timing relationships in internal and external acquisition
modes, with an external clock. A 100kHz to 2.0MHz
external clock with 45% to 55% duty cycle is required for
proper operation. Operating at clock frequencies lower
than 100kHz will cause a voltage droop across the hold
capacitor, and subsequently degrade performance.
Figure 7. Internal Clock Period vs. Clock Pin Capacitance
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
ACQUISITION STARTS
ACQUISITION ENDS
CONVERSION STARTS
CLK
tCWS
WR
ACQMOD = "0"
tCWH
WR GOES HIGH WHEN CLK IS HIGH
ACQUISITION ENDS
ACQUISITION STARTS
CONVERSION STARTS
CLK
WR
ACQMOD = "0"
WR GOES HIGH WHEN CLK IS LOW
Figure 8a. External Clock and WR Timing (Internal Acquisition Mode)
ACQUISITION ENDS
ACQUISITION STARTS
CONVERSION STARTS
CLK
tCWS
tDH
WR
ACQMOD = "0"
ACQMOD = "1"
WR GOES HIGH WHEN CLK IS HIGH
ACQUISITION STARTS
ACQUISITION ENDS
CONVERSION STARTS
CLK
tCWH
tDH
WR
ACQMOD = "1"
WR GOES HIGH WHEN CLK IS LOW
ACQMOD = "0"
Figure 8b. External Clock and WR Timing (External Acquisition Mode)
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
REF
Power-On Reset
At power-up, the internal power-on reset circuitry sets
INT high and puts the device in normal operation/external clock mode. This state is selected to keep the internal clock from loading the external clock driver when
the part is used in external clock mode.
4.096V
26
4.7µF
CREF
MAX196
MAX198
AV = 1.638
REFADJ
25
Internal or External Reference
The MAX196/MAX198 can operate with either an internal or external reference. An external reference can be
connected to either the REF pin or the REFADJ pin
(Figure 9).
To use the REF input directly, disable the internal buffer
by tying REFADJ to VDD. Using the REFADJ input eliminates the need to buffer the reference externally. When
the reference is applied at REFADJ, bypass REFADJ with
a 0.01µF capacitor to AGND.
The REFADJ internal buffer gain is trimmed to 1.6384 to
provide 4.096V at the REF pin from a 2.5V reference.
Internal Reference
The internally trimmed 2.50V reference is gained
through the REFADJ buffer to provide 4.096V at REF.
Bypass the REF pin with a 4.7µF capacitor to AGND
and the REFADJ pin with a 0.01µF capacitor to AGND.
The internal reference voltage is adjustable to ±1.5%
(±65 LSBs) with the reference-adjust circuit of Figure 1.
External Reference
At REF and REFADJ, the input impedance is a minimum of 10kΩ for DC currents. During conversions, an
external reference at REF must be able to deliver
400µA DC load currents, and must have an output
impedance of 10Ω or less. If the reference has higher
output impedance or is noisy, bypass it close to the
REF pin with a 4.7µF capacitor to AGND.
With an external reference voltage of less than 4.096V
at the REF pin or less than 2.5V at the REFADJ pin, the
increase in the ratio of the RMS noise to the LSB value
(FS / 4096) results in performance degradation (loss of
effective bits).
0.01µF
10k
2.5V
Figure 9a. Internal Reference
REF
26
4.096V
4.7µF
CREF
MAX196
MAX198
AV = 1.638
VDD
REFADJ
25
10k
2.5V
Figure 9b. External Reference, Reference at REF
REF
26
4.096V
4.7µF
CREF
MAX196
MAX198
AV = 1.638
REFADJ
Power-Down Mode
To save power, you can put the converter into lowcurrent shutdown mode between conversions. Two
programmable power-down modes are available:
STBYPD and FULLPD. Select STBYPD or FULLPD by
programming PD0 and PD1 in the input control byte.
When power-down is asserted, it becomes effective
only after the end of conversion. In all power-down
modes, the interface remains active and conversion
MAX196/MAX198
__________Applications Information
10k
25
2.5V
0.01µF
2.5V
Figure 9c. The external reference overdrives the internal reference.
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
results may be read. Input overvoltage protection is
active in all power-down modes. The device returns to
normal operation on the first WR falling edge during
write operation.
Choosing Power-Down Modes
The bandgap reference and reference buffer remain
active in STBYPD mode, maintaining the voltage on the
4.7µF capacitor at the REF pin. This is a “DC” state that
does not degrade after power-down of any duration.
Therefore, you can use any sampling rate with this
mode, without regard to start-up delays.
However, in FULLPD mode, only the bandgap reference is active. Connect a 33µF capacitor between REF
and AGND to maintain the reference voltage between
conversions and to reduce transients when the buffer is
enabled and disabled. Throughput rates down to 1ksps
can be achieved without allotting extra acquisition time
for reference recovery prior to conversion. This allows
conversion to begin immediately after power-down
ends. If the discharge of the REF capacitor during
FULLPD exceeds the desired limits for accuracy (less
OUTPUT CODE
FULL-SCALE
TRANSITION
11... 111
1 LSB =
FS
4096
than a fraction of an LSB), run a STBYPD power-down
cycle prior to starting conversions. Take into account
that the reference buffer recharges the bypass capacitor at an 80mV/ms slew rate, and add 50µs for settling
time. Throughput rates of 10ksps offer typical supply
currents of 470µA, using the recommended 33µF
capacitor value.
Auto-Shutdown
Selecting STBYPD on every conversion automatically
shuts the MAX196/MAX198 down after each conversion
without requiring any start-up time on the next conversion.
Transfer Function
Output data coding for the MAX196/MAX198 is binary
in unipolar mode with 1LSB = (FS / 4096) and twoscomplement binary in bipolar mode with 1LSB = [(2 x
|FS|) / 4096]. Code transitions occur halfway between
successive-integer LSB values. Figures 10 and 11
show the input/output (I/O) transfer functions for unipolar and bipolar operations, respectively. For full-scale
(FS) values, refer to Table 1.
OUTPUT CODE
1 LSB =
011... 111
011... 110
11... 110
11... 101
000... 001
000... 000
111... 111
00... 011
100... 010
00... 010
100... 001
00... 001
100... 000
00... 000
0
1
2
FS
3
INPUT VOLTAGE (LSB)
Figure 10. Unipolar Transfer Function
14
FS - 3/2 LSB
-FS
0V
INPUT VOLTAGE (LSB)
Figure 11. Bipolar Transfer Function
______________________________________________________________________________________
+FS - 1 LSB
2FS
4096
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
MAX196/MAX198
Layout, Grounding, and Bypassing
Careful printed circuit board layout is essential for best
system performance. For best performance, use a
ground plane. To reduce crosstalk and noise injection,
keep analog and digital signals separate. Digital
ground lines can run between digital signal lines to
minimize interference. Connect analog grounds and
DGND in a star configuration to AGND. For noise-free
operation, ensure the ground return from AGND to the
supply ground is low impedance and as short as possible. Connect the logic grounds directly to the supply
ground. Bypass VDD with 0.1µF and 4.7µF capacitors
to AGND to minimize high- and low-frequency fluctuations. If the supply is excessively noisy, connect a 5Ω
resistor between the supply and V DD , as shown in
Figure 12.
SUPPLY
GND
+5V
4.7µF
R* = 5Ω
0.1µF
**
VDD
AGND
DGND
+5V
DGND
DIGITAL
CIRCUITRY
MAX196
MAX198
* OPTIONAL
** CONNECT AGND AND DGND WITH A GROUND PLANE OR A SHORT TRACE
Figure 12. Power-Supply Grounding Connection
_________________________________________________________Functional Diagram
REF
CH5
CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
SIGNAL
CONDITIONING
BLOCK
&
OVERVOLTAGE
TOLERANT
MUX
REFADJ
AV =
1.638
10k
+2.5V
REFERENCE
T/H
CHARGE REDISTRIBUTION
12-BIT DAC
COMP
12
CLK
CS
WR
RD
CLOCK
SUCCESSIVEAPPROXIMATION
REGISTER
CONTROL LOGIC
&
LATCHES
8
INT
12
THREE-STATE, BIDIRECTIONAL
I/O INTERFACE
MAX196
MAX198
VDD
AGND
DGND
D0–D11
12-BIT DATA BUS
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
MAX196/MAX198
Multirange, Single +5V, 12-Bit DAS
with 12-Bit Bus Interface
_Ordering Information (continued)
PART
TEMP. RANGE
___________________Chip Topography
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX196BC/D
0°C to +70°C
MAX196AENI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX196BENI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX196AEWI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Wide SO
MAX196BEWI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Wide SO
MAX196AEAI
-40°C to +85°C
28 SSOP
MAX196BEAI
-40°C to +85°C
28 SSOP
MAX196AMYI
-55°C to +125°C
28 Narrow Ceramic SB**
MAX196BMYI
-55°C to +125°C
28 Narrow Ceramic SB**
MAX198ACNI
0°C to +70°C
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX198BCNI
0°C to +70°C
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX198ACWI
0°C to +70°C
28 Wide SO
MAX198BCWI
0°C to +70°C
28 Wide SO
MAX198ACAI
0°C to +70°C
28 SSOP
MAX198BCAI
0°C to +70°C
28 SSOP
MAX198BC/D
0°C to +70°C
Dice*
MAX198AENI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX198BENI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Narrow Plastic DIP
MAX198AEWI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Wide SO
MAX198BEWI
-40°C to +85°C
28 Wide SO
MAX198AEAI
-40°C to +85°C
28 SSOP
MAX198BEAI
-40°C to +85°C
28 SSOP
MAX198AMYI
-55°C to +125°C
28 Narrow Ceramic SB**
MAX198BMYI
-55°C to +125°C
28 Narrow Ceramic SB**
D11 CLK
V DD
CS
DGND
Dice*
V CC
WR
D10
RD
D9
INT
D8
REF
D7
0.231"
(5.870mm)
REFADJ
CH5
D6
CH4
D5
D4
CH3
D3
CH2
D1
D2
CH0
D0
AGND
CH1
0.144"
(3.659mm)
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 2956
SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO GND
* Dice are specified at TA = +25°C, DC parameters only.
** Contact factory for availability and processing to MIL-STD-883.
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
16 __________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
© 1995 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.