TECHNICAL DATA Switching Voltage Regulators IL2595-xx Features TO-220-5L • 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and adjustable output versions • Adjustable version output voltage range, 1.2V to 37V ± 3% max over line and load conditions • Guaranteed 1A output load current • Input voltage range up to 40V • Requires only 4 external components • Excellent line and load regulation specifications • 150kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator • TTL shutdown capability • Low power standby mode, IQ typically 100µA • Thermal shutdown and current limit protection Functions • Simple high-efficiency step-down regulator • On-card switching regulators • Positive to negative converter TO-220-5L TO-263-5L ORDERING INFORMATION IL2595Q IL2595S IL2595D2 TO-220-5L TO-220-5L TO-263-5L TA = -40° to 125° C for all packages Pin Discription Bent and Staggered Leads, Through Hole Package 5–Lead TO-220 Surface Mount Package 5-Lead TO-263 Description The IL2595 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down switching regulator, capable of driving a 3A load with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output version. Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use. The IL2595 series operates at a switching frequency of 150kHz. Available in standard 5-lead TO-220 and TO-263 package. Other features include a guaranteed ± 4% tolerance on output voltage under specified input voltage and output load conditions, and ± 15% on the oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring typically 100µA standby current. Self protection features include a two stage frequency reducing current limit for output switch and an over temperature shutdown for complete protection under fault conditions. The over temperature shutdown level is about 145oC with 5oC hysteresis. Rev. 00 1 IL2595-xx Absolute Maximum Rating (TA = 25oC) Characteristic Maximum Input Supply Voltage ON/OFF Pin Input Voltage Symbol Value Unit VI VIN 45 V V Feedback Pin Voltage Output Voltage to Ground Power Dissipation Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range VO PD Tstg TJ Operating Supply Voltage VIN Typical Aplication -0.3 ≤ V ≤ +25 -0.3 ≤ V ≤ +25 -1 Internally limited -65 to +150 40 ≤ TJ ≤ +125 4.5 to 40 V V W o C o C V (Fixed Output Voltage Versions) Rev. 00 2 IL2595-xx Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, TJ = 25 oC VIN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version and VIN = 25V for the 12V version. Characteristic Output Voltage Symbol VOUT Efficiency η Feedback Voltage VFB Feedback Bias Current ID Oscillator Frequency fO Test Condition Min Typ Max IL2595–3 4.75V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.1A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A 3.168 3.3 3.432 IL2595–5 7V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.1A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A 4.8 5.0 5.2 IL2595–12 15V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.1A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A 11.52 12.0 12.48 IL2595–3 IL2595–5 ILOAD = 1A ILOAD = 1A 78 82 % IL2595–12 IL2595–A VIN = 25V, ILOAD = 1A VOUT = 3V, ILOAD = 1A 90 78 % 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.1A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A VOUT programmed for 3V IL2595-A; VFB = 1.3V IL2595–A 1.193 127 1.267 V 10 50 nA 150 173 kHz 1.2 V VSAT IOUT = 1A 1 Max Duty Cycle (ON) Max Duty Cycle (OFF) Current Limit DC (Note 1,2) (Note 2) 100 (Note 3) Peak Current V 1.230 Saturation Voltage ICL Unit % 0 1.2 1.5 2.4 A 50 µA (Note 1,2) Output Leakage Current IL Output = 0V (Note 1,3) Output = -1V, VIN = 40V 2 15 mA (Note 3) 5 10 mA ON/OFF pin = 5V (OFF), VIN = 40V 85 200 µA 1.3 0.6 V µA Quiescent Current IQ Standby Quiescent Current ISTBY ON/OFF Pin Logic Input Threshold Voltage VIH Low (Regulator ON) VIL High (Regulator OFF) ON/OFF Pin Input IH VLOGIC = 2.5V (regulator OFF) 5 15 Current IL VLOGIC = 0.5V (regulator ON) 0.02 5 2.0 Rev. 00 3 IL2595-xx Electrical Characteristics (continue) Characteristic Thermal Resistance Symbol θJC θJA θJA θJA θJA Test Condition TO-220 or TO-263 Package Junction to Case TO-220 Package Junction to Ambient (Note 4) TO-263 Package Junction to Ambient (Note 5) TO-263 Package Junction to Ambient (Note 6) TO-263 Package Junction to Ambient (Note 7) Min Typ Max Unit 2 °C/W 50 °C/W 50 °C/W 30 °C/W 20 °C/W Note 1: No elements connected to output pin. Note 2: Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 0V to force the output transistor switch ON. Note 3: Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and the A version, and 15V for the 12V version. To force the output transistor switch OFF. Note 4: Junction to ambient thermal resistance (no external heat sink) for the TO-220 package mounted vertically, with the leads soldered to a printed circuit board with (1 oz.) copper area of approximately 1 in2. Note 5: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with the TO-263 package tab soldered to a single printed circuit board with 0.5 in2 of (1 oz.) copper area. Note 6: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with the TO-263 package tab soldered to a single sided printed circuit board with 2.5 in2 of (1 oz.) copper area. Note 7: Junction to ambient thermal resistance with the TO-263 package tab soldered to a double sided printed circuit board with 3 in2 of (1 oz.) copper area on the IL2595S side of the board, and approximately 16 in2 of copper on the other side of the p-c board. Typical Performance Characteristics (circuit of Figure 1) Rev. 00 4 IL2595-xx Typical Performance Characteristics (circuit of Figure 1) (continue) Rev. 00 5 IL2595-xx Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines CIN —120 µF, 50V, Aluminum Electrolytic Nichicon “PL Series” COUT —120 µF, 25V Aluminum Electrolytic, Nichicon “PL Series” D1 —3A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, 1N5822 L1 —100 µH, L29 Figure1. Standard Test Circuits and Layout Guides As in any switching regulator, layout is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance can generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground loops, the wires indicated by heavy lines should be wide printed circuit traces and should be kept as short as possible. For best results, external components should be located as close to the switcher lC as possible using ground plane construction or single point grounding. If open core inductors are used, special care must be taken as to the location and positioning of this type of inductor. Allowing the inductor flux to intersect sensitive feedback, lC groundpath and COUT wiring can cause problems. When using the adjustable version, special care must be taken as to the location of the feedback resistors and the associated wiring. Physically locate both resistors near the IC, and route the wiring away from the inductor, especially an open core type of inductor. Rev. 00 6 IL2595-xx Application Information FIGURE 2. Delayed Startup FIGURE 3. Undervoltage Lockout for Buck Regulator DELAYED STARTUP The circuit in Figure 2 uses the the ON /OFF pin to provide a time delay between the time the input voltage is applied and the time the output voltage comes up (only the circuitry pertaining to the delayed start up is shown). As the input voltage rises, the charging of capacitor C1 pulls the ON /OFF pin high, keeping the regulator off. Once the input voltage reaches its final value and the capacitor stops charging, and resistor R2 pulls the ON /OFF pin low, thus allowing the circuit to start switching. Resistor R1 is included to limit the maximum voltage applied to the ON /OFF pin (maximum of 25V), reduces power supply noise sensitivity, and also limits the capacitor, C1, discharge current. When high input ripple voltage exists, avoid long delay time, because this ripple can be coupled into the ON /OFF pin and cause problems. This delayed startup feature is useful in situations where the input power source is limited in the amount of current it can deliver. It allows the input voltage to rise to a higher voltage before the regulator starts operating. Buck regulators require less input current at higher input voltages. UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT Some applications require the regulator to remain off until the input voltage reaches a predetermined voltage. An undervoltage lockout feature applied to a buck regulator is shown in Figure 3, while Figure 4 and Figure 5 applies the same feature to an inverting circuit. The circuit in Figure 4 features a constant threshold voltage for turn on and turn off (zener voltage plus approximately one volt). If hysteresis is needed, the circuit in Figure 5 has a turn ON voltage which is different than the turn OFF voltage. The amount of hysteresis is approximately equal to the value of the output voltage. If zener voltages greater than 25V are used, an additional 47 kW resistor is needed from the ON /OFF pin to the ground pin to stay within the 25V maximum limit of the ON /OFF pin. This circuit has an ON/OFF threshold of approximately 13V. FIGURE 4. Undervoltage Lockout for Inverting Regulator INVERTING REGULATOR The circuit in Figure 6 converts a positive input voltage to a negative output voltage with a common ground. The circuit operates by bootstrapping the regulator’s ground pin to the negative output voltage, then grounding the feedback pin, the regulator senses the inverted output voltage and regulates it. This example uses the IL2595-5.0 to generate a −5V output, but other output voltages are possible by selecting other output voltage versions, including the adjustable version. Since this regulator topology can produce an output voltage that is either greater than or less than the input voltage, the maximum output current greatly depends on both the input and output voltage. The curve shown in Figure 7provides a guide as to the amount of output load current possible for the different input and output voltage conditions. The maximum voltage appearing across the regulator is the absolute sum of the input and output voltage, and this must be limited to a maximum of 40V. For example, when converting +20V to −12V, the regulator would see 32V between the input pin and ground pin. The IL2595 has a maximum input voltage spec of 40V. Rev. 00 7 IL2595-xx Additional diodes are required in this regulator configuration. Diode D1 is used to isolate input voltage ripple or noise from coupling through the CIN capacitor to the output, under light or no load conditions. Also, this diode isolation changes the topology to closley resemble a buck configuration thus providing good closed loop stability. A Schottky diode is recommended for low input voltages, (because of its lower voltage drop) but for higher input voltages, a fast recovery diode could be used. Without diode D3, when the input voltage is first applied, the charging current of CIN can pull the output positive by several volts for a short period of time. Adding D3 prevents the output from going positive by more than a diode voltage. This circuit has hysteresis Regulator starts switching at VIN = 13V Regulator stops switching at VIN = 8V FIGURE 5. Undervoltage Lockout with Hysteresis for Inverting Regulator FIGURE 6. Inverting −5V Regulator with Delayed Startup FIGURE 7. Inverting Regulator Typical Load Current Because of differences in the operation of the inverting regulator, the standard design procedure is not used to select the inductor value. In the majority of designs, a 68 µH, 1.5A inductor is the best choice. Capacitor selection can also be narrowed down to just a few values. Using the values shown in Figure 6 will provide good results in the majority of inverting designs. This type of inverting regulator can require relatively large amounts of input current when starting up, even with light loads. Input currents as high as the IL2595 current limit (approx 1.5A) are needed for at least 2 ms or more, until the output reaches its nominal output voltage. The actual time depends on the output voltage and the size of the output capacitor. Rev. 00 8 IL2595-xx Input power sources that are current limited or sources that can not deliver these currents without getting loaded down, may not work correctly. Because of the relatively high startup currents required by the inverting topology, the delayed startup feature (C1, R1 and R2) shown in Figure 6 is recommended. By delaying the regulator startup, the input capacitor is allowed to charge up to a higher voltage before the switcher begins operating. A portion of the high input current needed for startup is now supplied by the input capacitor (CIN). For severe start up conditions, the input capacitor can be made much larger than normal. INVERTING REGULATOR SHUTDOWN METHODS To use the ON /OFF pin in a standard buck configuration is simple, pull it below 1.3V (@25°C, referenced to ground) to turn regulator ON, pull it above 1.3V to shut the regulator OFF. With the inverting configuration, some level shifting is required, because the ground pin of the regulator is no longer at ground, but is now setting at the negative output voltage level. Two different shutdown methods for inverting regulators are shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9. FIGURE 8. Inverting Regulator Ground Referenced Shutdown FIGURE 9. Inverting Regulator Ground Referenced Shutdown using Opto Device Rev. 00 9 IL2595-xx TO-220-5L Rev. 00 10 IL2595-xx TO-220-5L (Bent Staggered) Rev. 00 11 IL2595-xx TO-263-5L Rev. 00 12