ATMEL AT83C5103XXX-IBSAL Low-pin count 8-bit microcontroller Datasheet

Features
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80C51 Compatible CPU Core High-speed Architecture
X2 Speed Improvement Capability (6 Clocks/Machine Cycle)
16 MHz in Standard or X2 mode
256 Bytes RAM
256 Bytes XRAM
12K Bytes ROM/OTP Program Memory
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters T0, T1
5 Channels Programmable Counter Array with High-speed Output, Compare/Capture,
Pulse Width Modulation and Watchdog Timer Capabilities
SPI Interface (Master and Slave mode)
Interrupt Structure with:
– 6 Interrupt Sources
– 4 Interrupt Priority Levels
Power Supply: 3 - 5.5V
Temperature Range: Industrial (-40oC to 85oC), Automotive (-40oC to 125oC)
Package: SSOP16, SSOP24
Description
The AT8xC5103 is a high-performance ROM/OTP version of the 80C51 8-bit Microcontroller in 16 and 24-pin packages.
Low-pin Count
8-bit
Microcontroller
AT87C5103
AT83C5103
The AT8xC5103 contains a standard C51 CPU core with 12 Kbytes ROM/OTP program memory, 256 bytes of internal RAM, 256 bytes of extended internal RAM, a 5sources 4-level interrupt system, two timer/counters and a SPI serial bus controller.
The AT8xC5103 is also dedicated for analog interfacing applications. For this, it has a
five channels Programmable Counter Array.
In addition, the AT8xC5103 implements the X2 speed improvement mechanism. The
X2 feature allows to keep the same CPU power at a divided by two oscillator
frequency.
The fully static design of the AT8xC5103 allows to reduce system power consumption
by bringing the clock frequency down to any value, even DC, without loss of data.
Rev. 4134B–8051–06/03
1
MISO
MOSI
SPSCK
SS
(1) (1)
(1)(1)(3)(1)
Vcc
Vss
ECI
CEX0-4
Block Diagram
XTAL1
XTAL2
Xtal
Osc
EXRAM
RAM
256x8
256x8
C51
CORE
ROM
12 K *8
SPI
PCA
IB-bus
CPU
Notes:
Parallel I/O Ports
Port 1Port 3 Port 4
P4
P3
(3) (3)
P1
T0
T1
RST
(3) (3)
INT
Ctrl
INT0
INT1
Timer 0
Timer 1
1. Alternate function of Port 1.
2. Alternate function of Port 3.
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Pin Configurations
P3.2/DIG0/INT0
P3.4/DIG1/T0
1
16
2
P3.6/SPICK
VSS
VCC
RST/VPP
3
4
15
14
XTAL2
XTAL1
P3.2/DIG0/INT0
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/DIG1/T0
P3.5/T1
P3.6/SPICK
VSS
VCC
5
SSOP16
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RST/VPP
XTAL2 9
XTAL1 10
P4.0 11
P4.1 12
SSOP24
13
12
11
10
P1.7/CEX4/SS
P1.6/CEX3
P1.5/CEX2
P1.4/CEX1
P1.3/CEX0
P1.2/ECI/DIG2
P1.1/MOSI
9
P1.0/MISO
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
P3.1
P3.0
P1.7/CEX4/SS
P1.6/CEX3
P1.5/CEX2
P1.4/CEX1
P3.7
P1.3/CEX0
P1.2/ECI/DIG2
P4.2
P1.1/MOSI
P1.0/MISO
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4134B–8051–06/03
Pin Description
Mnemonic
Type
Name and Function
VSS
I
Ground: 0V reference
VCC
I
Power Supply: 3.0V or 5.5V
P1.0 - P1.7
I/O
Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit programmable I/O port with internal pull-up
Alternate functions for Port 1 include:
I/O
MISO (P1.0): Master IN, Slave OUT of the SPI controller
I/O
MOSI (P1.1): Master OUT, Slave IN of the SPI controller
I/O
DIG2 (P1.2): Programmable as Output with Push-pull
ECI: External Clock for PCA
I/O
CEX0 (P1.3): Capture/Compare External I/O for PCA module 0
I/O
CEX1 (P1.4): Capture/Compare External I/O for PCA module 1
I/O
CEX2 (P1.5): Capture/Compare External I/O for PCA module 2
I/O
CEX3 (P1.6): Capture/Compare External I/O for PCA module 3
I/O
SS (P1.7): Slave select input of the SPI controller
CEX4: Capture/Compare External I/O for PCA module 3
XTAL1
I
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier
XTAL2
O
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier
I
RST: Negative Reset input
A low on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running,
resets the device.
This pin will include a pull-down to reset the circuit if no external reset
level is applied.
VPP: High voltage input for OTP programming
RST/VPP
P3.0 - P3.7
P4.0-P4.2
I/O
Port 3: Port 3 is a 8-bit programmable I/O port with internal pull-up.
I/O
P3.0: Programmable as Output with Push-pull.
I/O
P3.1: Programmable as Output with Push-pull.
I/O
DIG0 (P3.2): Programmable as Output with Push-pull.
INT0: External Interrupt 0
I/O
P3.3: Programmable as Output with Push-pull.
INT1: External Interrupt 1
I/O
DIG1 (P3.4): Programmable as Output with Push-pull.
T0: Timer 0 external Input
I/O
P3.5: Programmable as Output with Push-pull.
T1: Timer 1 external Input
I/O
SPICK (P3.6): Clock I/O of the SPI controller
I/O
P3.7: Programmable as Output with Push-pull.
I/O
Port 4: Port 4 is an 3-bit I/O port with internal pull-up
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Clock
The Errata Sheet core needs only 6 clock periods per machine cycle. This feature,
called ”X2”, provides the following advantages:
•
Divides frequency crystals by 2 (cheaper crystals) while keeping the same CPU
power.
•
Saves power consumption while keeping the same CPU power (oscillator power
saving).
•
Saves power consumption by dividing dynamic operating frequency by 2 in
operating and idle modes.
•
Increases CPU power by 2 while keeping the same crystal frequency.
In order to keep the original C51 compatibility, a divider-by-2 is inserted between the
XTAL1 signal and the main clock input of the core (phase generator). This divider may
be disabled by the software.
Description
The clock for the whole circuit and peripheral is first divided by 2 before being used by
the CPU core and peripherals. This allows any cyclic ratio to be accepted on the XTAL1
input. In X2 Mode, as this divider is bypassed, the signals on XTAL1 must have a cyclic
ratio between 40 to 60%. Figure 1. shows the clock generation block diagram. The X2
bit is validated on the XTAL1 ÷ 2 rising edge to avoid glitches when switching from the
X2 to the STD mode. Figure 2 shows the mode switching waveforms.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 1. Clock CPU Generation Diagram
PCON.0
IDL
X2
CKCON.0
÷2
XTAL1
FCLK_PERIPH
FCPU
0
1
XTAL2
PD
PCON.1
÷2
1
FT0 Clock
0
÷2
1
FT1 Clock
0
÷2
1
FPCA Clock
0
÷2
1
FSPI Clock
0
X2
CKCON0.0
Peripheral
Clock Symbol
PCAX2
T1X2
T0X2
CKCON0.7 CKCON0.6 CKCON0.5 CKCON0.4 CKCON0.3 CKCON0.2 CKCON0.1
SPIX2
CKCON1.7 CKCON1.6 CKCON1.5 CKCON1.4 CKCON1.3 CKCON1.2 CKCON1.1 CKCON1.0
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Figure 2. Mode Switching Waveforms
XTAL1
XTAL2
X2 Bit
CPU Clock
STD Mode
X2 Mode
STD Mode
The X2 bit in the CKCON register (See Table 1) allows switching from 12 clock cycles
per instruction to 6 clock cycles and vice versa. At reset, the standard speed is activated
(STD mode). Setting this bit activates the X2 feature (X2 Mode).
Note:
In order to prevent any incorrect operation while operating in the X2 Mode, users must be
aware that all peripherals using the clock frequency as a time reference (timers, PCA,
SPI) will have their time reference divided by 2. For example, a free running timer generating an interrupt every 20 ms will then generate an interrupt every 10 ms.
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Registers
Table 1. CKCON0 Register
CKCON0 (S:8Fh)
Clock Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
PCAX2
Bit
Number
2
1
0
T1X2
T0X2
X2
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Programmable Counter Array clock (1)
5
PCAX2
4
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
T1X2
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Timer1 Clock (1)
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Timer0 Clock (1)
1
0
Note:
T0X2
X2
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
CPU Clock
Clear to select 12 clock periods per machine cycle (STD mode) for CPU and all
the peripherals.
Set to select 6 clock periods per machine cycle (X2 Mode) and to enable the
individual peripherals "X2" bits.
1. This control bit is validated when the CPU clock bit X2 is set; when X2 is low, this bit
has no effect.
Reset Value = XX0X X000b
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Table 2. CKCON1 Register
CKCON1 (S:AFh)
Clock Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SPIX2
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
1
–
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
SPIX2
SPI clock (1)
Note:
Clear to select 6 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
Set to select 12 clock periods per peripheral clock cycle.
1. This control bit is validated when the CPU clock bit X2 is set; when X2 is low, this bit
has no effect.
Reset Value = XXXX XXX0b
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4134B–8051–06/03
SFR Mapping
The Special Function Registers (SFRs) of the AT8xC5103 belong to the following
categories:
•
C51 core registers: ACC, B, DPH, DPL, PSW, SP, AUXR1
•
I/O port registers: P1, P3, P4, P1M1, P1M2, P3M1, P3M2
•
Timer registers: TCON, TH0, TH1, TMOD, TL0, TL1
•
Power and clock control registers: CKCON0, CKCON1, PCON
•
Interrupt system registers: IE, IE1, IPL0, IPL1, IPH0, IPH1
•
SPI: SPCON, SPSTA, SPDAT
•
PCA: CCAP0L, CCAP1L, CCAP2L, CCAP3L, CCAP4L, CCAP0H, CCAP1H,
CCAP2H, CCAP3H, CCAP4H, CCAPM0, CCAPM1, CCAPM2, CCAPM3,
CCAPM4, CL, CH, CMOD, CCON
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4134B–8051–06/03
Table 3. SFR Addresses and Reset Values
0/8
F8h
F0h
1/9
2/A
3/B
4/C
5/D
6/E
CH
0000 0000
CCAP0H
0000 0000
CCAP1H
0000 0000
CCAP2H
0000 0000
CCAP3H
0000 0000
CCAP4H
0000 0000
7/F
FFh
B
0000 0000
F7h
CL
0000 0000
E8h
E0h
ACC
0000 0000
D8h
CCON
00X0 0000
D0h
PSW
0000 0000
CCAP0L
0000 0000
CCAP1L
0000 0000
P1M2
0000 0000
CMOD
00XX X000
CCAPM0
X000 0000
CCAP2L
0000 0000
CCAP3L
0000 0000
CCAP4L
0000 0000
EFh
P3M2
0000 0000
CCAPM1
X000 0000
E7h
CCAPM2
X000 0000
CCAPM3
X000 0000
P1M1
P3M1
0000 0000
0000 0000
DF
h
CCAPM4
X000 0000
D7h
CF
h
C8h
C0h
P4
XXXX X111
B8h
IPL0
X0XX 0000
B0h
P3
1111 1111
A8h
IE0
00XX 0000
SPCON
0001 0100
SPSTA
SPDAT
00X0 XXXX
XXXX XXXX
C7h
BFh
IE1
XXXX X0XX
IPL1
XXXX X0XX
IPH1
XXXX X0XX
IPH0
X0XX 0000
B7h
CKCON1
XXXX XXX0
AFh
AUXR1
XXXXX0X0
A0h
A7h
98h
90h
88h
9Fh
P1
97h
1111 1111
TCON
0000 0000
80h
0/8
TMOD
0000 0000
TL0
0000 0000
TL1
0000 0000
SP
0000 0111
DPL
0000 0000
DPH
0000 0000
1/9
2/A
3/B
TH0
0000 0000
TH1
0000 0000
CKCON0
XX0X X000b
PCON
XXX1 0000
4/C
5/D
6/E
8Fh
87h
7/F
Reserved
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4134B–8051–06/03
Ports
The AT8xC5103 has 3 I/O ports, port 1, port 3 and port 4.
Except RST, and port 4, all port 1 and port 3 I/O port pins on the AT8xC5103 may be
software configured to one of four types on a bit-by-bit basis, as shown in Table 2 These
are: quasi-bi-directional (standard 80C51 port outputs), push-pull, open drain, and input
only. Two configuration registers for each port choose the output type for each port pin.
PxM1.y BIt
PxM2.y Bit
Port Output Mode
0
0
Quasi bi-directional
0
1
Push-pull
1
0
Input Only (High Impedance)
1
1
Open Drain
Port Types
Quasi-Bi-directional Output
Configuration
The default port output configuration for standard AT8xC5103 I/O ports is the quasi-bidirectional output that is common on the 80C51 and most of its derivatives. This output
type can be used as both an input and output without the need to reconfigure the port.
This is possible because when the port outputs a logic high, it is weakly driven, allowing
an external device to pull the pin low. When the pin is pulled low, it is driven strongly and
able to sink a fairly large current. These features are somewhat similar to an open drain
output except that there are three pull-up transistors in the quasi-bi-directional output
that serve different purposes. One of these pull-ups, called the ‘very weak’ pull-up, is
turned on whenever the port latch for the pin contains a logic 1. The very weak pull-up
sources a very small current that will pull the pin high if it is left floating. A second pullup, called the ‘weak’ pull-up, is turned on when the port latch for the pin contains a logic
1 and the pin itself is also at a logic 1 level. This pull-up provides the primary source current for a quasi-bi-directional pin that is outputting a 1. If a pin that has a logic 1 on it is
pulled low by an external device, the weak pull-up turns off, and only the very weak pullup remains on. In order to pull the pin low under these conditions, the external device
has to sink enough current to overpower the weak pull-up and take the voltage on the
port pin below its input threshold.
The third pull-up is referred to as the ‘strong’ pull-up. This pull-up is used to speed up
low-to-high transitions on a quasi-bi-directional port pin when the port latch changes
from a logic 0 to a logic 1. When this occurs, the strong pull-up turns on for a brief time,
two CPU clocks, in order to pull the port pin high quickly. Then it turns off again.
The quasi-bi-directional port configuration is shown in Figure 3.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 3. Quasi-Bi-directional Output
2 CPU
Clock Delay
P
Strong
P
Very
Weak
P
Weak
Pin
Port latch
Data
N
Input
Data
Open Drain Output
Configuration
The open-drain output configuration turns off all pull-ups and only drives the pull-down
transistor of the port driver when the port latch contains a logic 0. To be used as a logic
output, a port configured in this manner must have an external pull-up, typically a resistor tied to VDD. The pull-down for this mode is the same as for the quasi-bi-directional
mode. The open drain port configuration is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Open Drain Output
Pin
Port latch
Data
N
Input
Data
Push-Pull Output
Configuration
The push-pull output configuration has the same pull-down structure as both the open
drain and the quasi-bi-directional output modes, but provides a continuous strong pullup when the port latch contains a logic 1. The push-pull mode may be used when more
source current is needed from a port output. The push-pull port configuration is shown in
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Push-pull Output
P
Strong
Pin
Port Latch
Data
N
Input
Data
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Input Only Configuration
The input only configuration is a pure input with neither pull-up nor pull-down.
The input only configuration is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Input Only
Input
Data
Pin
Ports Description
Ports P1 and P3
The inputs of each I/O port of the AT8xC5103 are TTL level Schmitt triggers with
hysteresis.
Registers
Table 4. P1M1 Register
P1M1 Address (D4h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1M1.7
P1M1.6
P1M1.5
P1M1.4
P1M1.3
P1M1.2
P1M1.1
P1M1.0
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
0-7
P1M1.x
Description
Port Output configuration Bit
See Table 2 for configuration definition
Reset Value = 0000 0000
Table 5. P1M2 Register
P1M2 Address (E2h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P1M2.7
P1M2.6
P1M2.5
P1M2.4
P1M2.3
P1M2.2
P1M2.1
P1M2.0
Bit Number
Bit
Mnemonic
0-7
P1M2.x
Description
Port Output configuration bit
See Table 2 for configuration definition
Reset Value = 0000 0000
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Table 6. P3M1 Register
P3M1 Address (D5h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3M1.7
P3M1.6
P3M1.5
P3M1.4
P3M1.3
P3M1.2
P3M1.1
P3M1.0
Bit Number
Bit
Mnemonic
0-7
P3M1.x
Description
Port Output configuration bit
See Table 2 for configuration definition
Reset Value = 0000 0000
Table 7. P3M2 Register
P3M2 Address (E4h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P3M2.7
P3M2.6
P3M2.5
P3M2.4
P3M2.3
P3M2.2
P3M2.1
P3M2.0
Bit Number
Bit
Mnemonic
Description
0-7
P3M2.x
Port Output configuration bit
See Table 2 for configuration definition
Reset Value = 0000 0000
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Dual-data Pointer
Register (DPTR)
The additional data pointer can be used to speed up code execution and reduce code
size in a number of ways.
The dual DPTR structure is a way by which the device will specify the address of an
external data memory location. There are two 16-bit DPTR registers that address the
external memory, and a single bit called DPS = AUXR1/bit0 (see Table 8) that allows
the program code to switch between them (Refer to Figure 7).
Figure 7. Use of Dual-data Pointer
External Data Memory
7
0
DPS
DPTR1
DPTR0
AUXR1(A2H)
DPH(83H) DPL(82H)
Table 8. AUXR1: Auxiliary Register 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
DPS
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7-3
-
Reserved(1)
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
0
always stuck at 0
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
DPS
Data Pointer Selection
Clear to select DPTR0.
Set to select DPTR1.
Reset Value = XXXX X0X0
Note:
1. User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future
8051 family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset value of the new
bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a reserved bit is
indeterminate.
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Application
Software can take advantage of the additional data pointers to both increase speed and
reduce code size, for example, block operations (copy, compare, search...) are well
served by using one data pointer as a ’source’ pointer and the other one as a "destination" pointer.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
; Block move using dual data pointers
; Destroys DPTR0, DPTR1, A and PSW
; note: DPS exits opposite of entry state
; unless an extra INC AUXR1 is added
;
00A2 AUXR1 EQU 0A2H
;
0000 909000MOV DPTR,#SOURCE ; address of SOURCE
0003 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; switch data pointers
0005 90A000 MOV DPTR,#DEST ; address of DEST
0008 LOOP:
0008 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; switch data pointers
000A E0 MOVX A,@DPTR ; get a byte from SOURCE
000B A3 INC DPTR ; increment SOURCE address
000C 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; switch data pointers
000E F0 MOVX @DPTR,A ; write the byte to DEST
000F A3 INC DPTR ; increment DEST address
0010 70F6JNZ LOOP ; check for 0 terminator
0012 05A2 INC AUXR1 ; (optional) restore DPS
INC is a short (2 bytes) and fast (12 clocks) way to manipulate the DPS bit in the AUXR1
SFR. However, note that the INC instruction does not directly force the DPS bit to a particular state, but simply toggles it. In simple routines, such as the block move example,
only the fact that DPS is toggled in the proper sequence matters, not its actual value. In
other words, the block move routine works the same whether DPS is “0” or “1” on entry.
Observe that without the last instruction (INC AUXR1), the routine will exit with DPS in
the opposite state.
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Serial Port Interface
(SPI)
The Serial Peripheral Interface module (SPI) which allows full-duplex, synchronous,
serial communication between the MCU and peripheral devices, including other MCUs.
Features
Features of the SPI module include the following:
Signal Description
•
Full-duplex, three-wire synchronous transfers
•
Master or Slave operation
•
Eight programmable Master clock rates
•
Serial clock with programmable polarity and phase
•
Master Mode fault error flag with MCU interrupt capability
•
Write collision flag protection
Figure 8 shows a typical SPI Bus configuration using one Master controller and many
Slave peripherals. The bus is made of three wires connecting all the devices.
Figure 8. Typical SPI Bus
Slave 1
MISO
MOSI
SCK
SS
MISO
MOSI
SCK
SS
VDD
Slave 4
Slave 3
MISO
MOSI
SCK
SS
MISO
MOSI
SCK
SS
0
1
2
3
MISO
MOSI
SCK
SS
PORT
Master
Slave 2
The Master device selects the individual Slave devices by using four pins of a parallel
port to control the four SS pins of the Slave devices.
Master Output Slave Input
(MOSI)
This 1-bit signal is directly connected between the Master device and a Slave device.
The MOSI line is used to transfer data in series from the Master to the Slave. Therefore,
it is an output signal from the Master, and an input signal to a Slave. A byte (8-bit word)
is transmitted most significant bit (MSB) first, least significant bit (LSB) last.
Master Input Slave Output
(MISO)
This 1-bit signal is directly connected between the Slave device and a Master device.
The MISO line is used to transfer data in series from the Slave to the Master. Therefore,
it is an output signal from the Slave, and an input signal to the Master. A byte (8-bit
word) is transmitted most significant bit (MSB) first, least significant bit (LSB) last.
SPI Serial Clock (SCK)
This signal is used to synchronize the data movement both in and out the devices
through their MOSI and MISO lines. It is driven by the Master for eight clock cycles
which allows to exchange one byte on the serial lines.
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Slave Select (SS)
Each Slave peripheral is selected by one Slave Select pin (SS). This signal must stay
low for any message for a Slave. It is obvious that only one Master (SS high level) can
drive the network. The Master may select each Slave device by software through port
pins (Figure 8). To prevent bus conflicts on the MISO line, only one slave should be
selected at a time by the Master for a transmission.
In a Master configuration, the SS line can be used in conjunction with the MODF flag in
the SPI Status register (SPSTA) to prevent multiple masters from driving MOSI and
SCK (See Error Conditions).
A high level on the SS pin puts the MISO line of a Slave SPI in a high-impedance state.
The SS pin could be used as a general purpose if the following conditions are met:
Baud Rate
•
The device is configured as a Master and the SSDIS control bit in SPCON is set.
This kind of configuration can be found when only one Master is driving the network
and there is no way that the SS pin will be pulled low. Therefore, the MODF flag in
the SPSTA will never be set (1).
•
The Device is configured as a Slave with CPHA and SSDIS control bits set (2). This
kind of configuration can happen when the system comprises one Master and one
Slave only. Therefore, the device should always be selected and there is no reason
that the Master uses the SS pin to select the communicating Slave device.
In Master Mode, the baud rate can be selected from a baud rate generator which is controlled by three bits in the SPCON register: SPR2, SPR1 and SPR0. The Master clock is
chosen from one of six clock rates resulting from the division of the internal clock by 4, 8,
16, 32, 64 or 128.
Table 9 gives the different clock rates selected by SPR2:SPR1:SPR0:
Table 9. SPI Master Baud Rate Selection
SPR2:SPR1:SPR0
Clock Rate
Baud Rate Divisor (BD)
000
Don’t Use
No BRG
001
FCLK_PERIPH /4
4
010
FCLK_PERIPH/8
8
011
FCLK_PERIPH /16
16
100
FCLK_PERIPH /32
32
101
FCLK_PERIPH /64
64
110
FCLK_PERIPH /128
128
111
Don’t Use
No BRG
1.
Clearing SSDIS control bit does not clear MODF.
2.
Special care should be taken not to set SSDIS control bit when CPHA = “0” because in
this mode, the SS is used to start the transmission.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Functional Description
Figure 9 shows a detailed structure of the SPI module.
Figure 9. SPI Module Block Diagram
Internal Bus
SPDAT
Shift Register
IntClk
Clock
Divider
7
/4
/8
/16
/32
/64
/128
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Receive Data Register
Pin
Control
Logic
Clock
Logic
MOSI
MISO
M
S
Clock
Select
SCK
SS
SPR2 SPEN SSDIS MSTR CPOL CPHA SPR1 SPR0
SPCON
SPI Interrupt Request
SPI
Control
8-bit bus
1-bit signal
SPSTA
SPIF WCOL
Operating Modes
-
MODF
-
-
-
-
The Serial Peripheral Interface can be configured as one of the two modes: Master
Mode or Slave Mode. The configuration and initialization of the SPI module is made
through one register:
•
The Serial Peripheral Control register (SPCON)
Once the SPI is configured, the data exchange is made using:
•
SPCON
•
The Serial Peripheral Status register (SPSTA)
•
The Serial Peripheral Data register (SPDAT)
During an SPI transmission, data is simultaneously transmitted (shifted out serially) and
received (shifted in serially). A serial clock line (SCK) synchronizes shifting and sampling on the two serial data lines (MOSI and MISO). A Slave Select line (SS) allows
individual selection of a Slave SPI device; Slave devices that are not selected do not
interfere with SPI bus activities.
When the Master device transmits data to the Slave device via the MOSI line, the Slave
device responds by sending data to the Master device via the MISO line. This implies
full-duplex transmission with both data out and data in synchronized with the same clock
(Figure 10).
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4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 10. Full-Duplex Master-Slave Interconnection
8-bit Shift Register
SPI
Clock Generator
MISO
MISO
MOSI
MOSI
SCK
SS
Master MCU
Master Mode
8-bit Shift Register
SCK
VDD
SS
VSS
Slave MCU
The SPI operates in Master Mode when the Master bit, MSTR (1), in the SPCON register
is set. Only one Master SPI device can initiate transmissions. Software begins the transmission from a Master SPI module by writing to the Serial Peripheral Data Register
(SPDAT). If the shift register is empty, the byte is immediately transferred to the shift
register. The byte begins shifting out on MOSI pin under the control of the serial clock,
SCK. Simultaneously, another byte shifts in from the Slave on the Master’s MISO pin.
The transmission ends when the Serial Peripheral transfer data flag, SPIF, in SPSTA
becomes set. At the same time that SPIF becomes set, the received byte from the Slave
is transferred to the receive data register in SPDAT. Software clears SPIF by reading
the Serial Peripheral Status register (SPSTA) with the SPIF bit set, and then reading the
SPDAT.
When the pin SS is pulled down during a transmission, the data is interrupted and when
the transmission is established again, the data present in the SPDAT is resent.
Slave Mode
The SPI operates in Slave Mode when the Master bit, MSTR (2), in the SPCON register is
cleared. Before a data transmission occurs, the Slave Select pin, SS, of the Slave
device must be set to “0”. SS must remain low until the transmission is complete.
In a Slave SPI module, data enters the shift register under the control of the SCK from
the Master SPI module. After a byte enters the shift register, it is immediately transferred
to the receive data register in SPDAT, and the SPIF bit is set. To prevent an overflow
condition, Slave software must then read the SPDAT before another byte enters the
shift register (3). A Slave SPI must complete the write to the SPDAT (shift register) at
least one bus cycle before the Master SPI starts a transmission. If the write to the data
register is late, the SPI transmits the data already in the shift register from the previous
transmission.
Transmission Formats
Software can select any of four combinations of serial clock (SCK) phase and polarity
using two bits in the SPCON: the Clock POLarity (CPOL (4) ) and the Clock PHAse
(CPHA(4)). CPOL defines the default SCK line level in idle state. It has no significant
effect on the transmission format. CPHA defines the edges on which the input data are
sampled and the edges on which the output data are shifted (Figure 11 and Figure 12).
The clock phase and polarity should be identical for the Master SPI device and the communicating Slave device.
1.
The SPI module should be configured as a Master before it is enabled (SPEN set). Also
the Master SPI should be configured before the Slave SPI.
2.
The SPI module should be configured as a Slave before it is enabled (SPEN set).
3.
The maximum frequency of the SCK for an SPI configured as a Slave is the bus clock
speed.
4.
Before writing to the CPOL and CPHA bits, the SPI should be disabled (SPEN = "0").
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4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 11. Data Transmission Format (CPHA = 0)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
MSB
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
LSB
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
LSB
SCK Cycle Number
SPEN (Internal)
SCK (CPOL = 0)
SCK (CPOL = 1)
MOSI (from Master)
MISO (from Slave)
MSB
SS (to Slave)
Capture Point
Figure 12. Data Transmission Format (CPHA = 1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
MOSI (from Master)
MSB
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
LSB
MISO (from Slave)
MSB
bit6
bit5
bit4
bit3
bit2
bit1
SCK Cycle Number
SPEN (Internal)
SCK (CPOL = 0)
SCK (CPOL = 1)
LSB
SS (to Slave)
Capture Point
As shown in Figure 11, the first SCK edge is the MSB capture strobe. Therefore, the
Slave must begin driving its data before the first SCK edge, and a falling edge on the SS
pin is used to start the transmission. The SS pin must be toggled high and then low
between each byte transmitted (Figure 13).
Figure 13. CPHA/SS Timing
MISO/MOSI
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Master SS
Slave SS
(CPHA = 0)
Slave SS
(CPHA = 1)
Figure 12 shows an SPI transmission in which CPHA is “1”. In this case, the Master
begins driving its MOSI pin on the first SCK edge. Therefore the Slave uses the first
SCK edge as a start transmission signal. The SS pin can remain low between transmissions (Figure 13). This format may be preferable in systems having only one Master and
only one Slave driving the MISO data line.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Error Conditions
The following flags in the SPSTA signal SPI error conditions.
Mode Fault (MODF)
Mode Fault error in Master Mode SPI indicates that the level on the Slave Select (SS)
pin is inconsistent with the actual mode of the device. MODF is set to warn that there
may have a multi-master conflict for system control. In this case, the SPI system is
affected in the following ways:
•
An SPI receiver/error CPU interrupt request is generated.
•
The SPEN bit in SPCON is cleared. This disable the SPI.
•
The MSTR bit in SPCON is cleared.
When SS DISable (SSDIS) bit in the SPCON register is cleared, the MODF flag is set
when the SS signal becomes “0”.
However, as stated before, for a system with one Master, if the SS pin of the Master
device is pulled low, there is no way that another Master is attempting to drive the network. In this case, to prevent the MODF flag from being set, software can set the SSDIS
bit in the SPCON register and therefore making the SS pin as a general-purpose I/O pin.
Clearing the MODF bit is accomplished by a read of SPSTA register with MODF bit set,
followed by a write to the SPCON register. SPEN Control bit may be restored to its original set state after the MODF bit has been cleared.
Write Collision (WCOL)
A Write Collision (WCOL) flag in the SPSTA is set when a write to the SPDAT register is
done during a transmit sequence.
WCOL does not cause an interruption, and the transfer continues uninterrupted.
Clearing the WCOL bit is done through a software sequence of an access to SPSTA
and an access to SPDAT.
Overrun Condition
An overrun condition occurs when the Master device tries to send several data bytes
and the Slave device has not cleared the SPIF bit issuing from the previous data byte
transmitted. In this case, the receiver buffer contains the byte sent after the SPIF bit was
last cleared. A read of the SPDAT returns this byte. All others bytes are lost.
This condition is not detected by the SPI peripheral.
SS Error Flag (SSERR)
A Synchronous Serial Slave Error occurs when SS goes high before the end of a
received data in Slave Mode. SSERR does not cause in interruption, this bit is cleared
by writing 0 to SPEN bit (reset of the SPI state machine).
Interrupts
Two SPI status flags can generate a CPU interrupt requests (See Table 10)
Table 10. SPI Interrupts
Flag
Request
SPIF (SP data transfer)
SPI Transmitter Interrupt request
MODF (Mode Fault)
SPI Receiver/Error Interrupt Request (if SSDIS = "0")
Serial Peripheral data transfer flag, SPIF: This bit is set by hardware when a transfer
has been completed. SPIF bit generates transmitter CPU interrupt requests.
Mode Fault flag, MODF: This bit becomes set to indicate that the level on the SS is
inconsistent with the mode of the SPI. MODF with SSDIS reset, generates receiver/error
CPU interrupt requests.
Figure 14 gives a logical view of the above statements.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 14. SPI Interrupt Requests Generation
SPIF
SPI Transmitter
CPU Interrupt Request
SPI
CPU Interrupt Request
MODF
SPI Receiver/Error
CPU Interrupt Request
SSDIS
Registers
There are three registers in the module that provide control, status and data storage
functions. These registers are describes in the following paragraphs.
Serial Peripheral Control
Register (SPCON)
The Serial Peripheral Control Register does the following:
•
Selects one of the Master clock rates
•
Configure the SPI module as Master or Slave
•
Selects serial clock polarity and phase
•
Enables the SPI module
•
Frees the SS pin for a general purpose
Table 11 describes this register and explains the use of each bit.
Table 11. SPCON Register: Serial Peripheral Control Register - SPCON (S:C3h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SPR2
SPEN
SSDIS
MSTR
CPOL
CPHA
SPR1
SPR0
Bit
Number
Bit Mnemonic
7
SPR2
R/W
6
SPEN
R/W
R/W Mode Description
Serial Peripheral Rate 2
Bit with SPR1 and SPR0 define the clock rate
Serial Peripheral Enable
Clear to disable the SPI interface (internal reset of the SPI)
Set to enable the SPI interface
SS Disable
5
SSDIS
R/W
Clear to enable SS in both Master and Slave Modes
Set to disable SS in both Master and Slave Modes. In Slave Mode, this bit has no effect if CPHA = "0"
Serial Peripheral Master
4
MSTR
R/W
Clear to configure the SPI as a Slave
Set to configure the SPI as a Master
Clock Polarity
3
CPOL
R/W
Clear to have the SCK set to ‘0’ in idle state
Set to have the SCK set to ’1’ in idle low
Clock Phase
2
CPHA
R/W
Clear to have the data sampled when the SPSCK leaves the idle state (see CPOL)
Set to have the data sampled when the SPSCK returns to idle state (see CPOL)
Serial Peripheral Rate (SPR2:SPR1:SPR0)
000: N.A.
1
SPR1
R/W
001: FCLK PERIPH /4
010: FCLK PERIPH /8
011: FCLK PERIPH /16
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4134B–8051–06/03
Bit
Number
Bit Mnemonic
R/W Mode Description
100: FCLK PERIPH /32
0
SPR0
101: FCLK PERIPH /64
R/W
110: FCLK PERIPH /128
111: Don’t Use
Reset Value = 00010100b
Serial Peripheral Status Register
(SPSTA)
The Serial Peripheral Status Register contains flags to signal the following conditions:
•
Data transfer complete
•
Write collision
•
Inconsistent logic level on SS pin (mode fault error)
Table 12 describes the SPSTA register and explains the use of every bit in the register.
Table 12. SPSTA: Serial Peripheral Status and Control Register - SPSTA (S:C4h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SPIF
WCOL
SSERR
MODF
-
-
-
-
Bit
Number
Bit Mnemonic R/W Mode Description
Serial Peripheral Data Transfer Flag
7
SPIF
R
Clear by hardware to indicate data transfer is in progress or has been approved by a clearing sequence.
Set by hardware to indicate that the data transfer has been completed.
Write Collision Flag
6
WCOL
R
Cleared by hardware to indicate that no collision has occurred or has been approved by a clearing sequence.
Set by hardware to indicate that a collision has been detected.
Synchronous Serial Slave Error Flag
5
SSERR
R
Set by hardware when SS is deasserted before the end of a received data.
Cleared by disabling the SPI (clearing SPEN bit in SPCON).
Mode Fault
4
MODF
R
Cleared by hardware to indicate that the SS pin is at appropriate logic level, or has been approved by a
clearing sequence.
Set by hardware to indicate that the SS pin is at inappropriate logic level
3
-
R/W
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
-
R/W
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
1
-
R/W
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
-
R/W
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Reset Value = 00X0XXXXb
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4134B–8051–06/03
Serial Peripheral Data Register
(SPDAT)
The Serial Peripheral Data Register (Table 13) is a read/write buffer for the receive data
register. A write to SPDAT places data directly into the shift register. No transmit buffer
is available in this model.
A Read of the SPDAT returns the value located in the receive buffer and not the content
of the shift register.
Table 13. SPDAT (S:C5h): Serial Peripheral Data Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
R0
Reset Value = XXXX XXXXb
R7:R0: Receive data bits
SPCON, SPSTA and SPDAT registers may be read and written at any time while there
is no on-going exchange. However, special care should be taken when writing to them
while a transmission is on-going:
•
Do not change SPR2, SPR1 and SPR0
•
Do not change CPHA and CPOL
•
Do not change MSTR
•
Clearing SPEN would immediately disable the peripheral
•
Writing to the SPDAT will cause an overflow
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4134B–8051–06/03
Timers/Counters
The Errata Sheet implements two general-purpose, 16-bit Timers/Counters. They are
identified as Timer 0 and Timer 1, and can be independently configured to operate in a
variety of modes as a Timer or as an event Counter. When operating as a Timer, the
Timer/Counter runs for a programmed length of time, then issues an interrupt request.
When operating as a Counter, the Timer/Counter counts negative transitions on an
external pin. After a preset number of counts, the Counter issues an interrupt request.
The various operating modes of each Timer/Counter are described in the following
sections.
Timer/Counter
Operations
For instance, a basic operation is Timer registers THx and TLx (x = 0, 1) connected in
cascade to form a 16-bit Timer. Setting the run control bit (TRx) in TCON register (see
Figure 14) turns the Timer on by allowing the selected input to increment TLx. When
TLx overflows it increments THx; when THx overflows it sets the Timer overflow flag
(TFx) in TCON register. Setting the TRx does not clear the THx and TLx Timer registers.
Timer registers can be accessed to obtain the current count or to enter preset values.
They can be read at any time but TRx bit must be cleared to preset their values,
other/wise the behavior of the Timer/Counter is unpredictable.
The C/Tx# control bit selects Timer operation or Counter operation by selecting the
divided-down peripheral clock or external pin Tx as the source for the counted signal.
TRx bit must be cleared when changing the mode of operation, other/wise the behavior
of the Timer/Counter is unpredictable.
For Timer operation (C/Tx# = 0), the Timer register counts the divided-down peripheral
clock. The Timer register is incremented once every peripheral cycle (6 peripheral clock
periods). The Timer clock rate is FPER/6, i.e. FOSC/12 in standard mode or FOSC/6 in X2
Mode.
For Counter operation (C/Tx# = 1), the Timer register counts the negative transitions on
the Tx external input pin. The external input is sampled every peripheral cycles. When
the sample is high in one cycle and low in the next one, the Counter is incremented.
Since it takes 2 cycles (12 peripheral clock periods) to recognize a negative transition,
the maximum count rate is FPER/12, i.e. FOSC/24 in standard mode or FOSC/12 in X2
Mode. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to
ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, it should be held for
at least one full peripheral cycle.
Timer 0
Timer 0 functions as either a Timer or event Counter in four modes of operation.
Figure 15 through Figure 18 show the logical configuration of each mode.
Timer 0 is controlled by the four lower bits of TMOD register (See Figure 15) and bits 0,
1, 4 and 5 of TCON register (see Figure 14). TMOD register selects the method of Timer
gating (GATE0), Timer or Counter operation (T/C0#) and mode of operation (M10 and
M00). TCON register provides Timer 0 control functions: overflow flag (TF0), run control
bit (TR0), interrupt flag (IE0) and interrupt type control bit (IT0).
For normal Timer operation (GATE0 = 0), setting TR0 allows TL0 to be incremented by
the selected input. Setting GATE0 and TR0 allows external pin INT0# to control Timer
operation.
Timer 0 overflow (count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s) sets TF0 flag generating an interrupt request.
It is important to stop Timer/Counter before changing mode.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Mode 0 (13-bit Timer)
Mode 0 configures Timer 0 as an 13-bit Timer which is set up as an 8-bit Timer (TH0
register) with a modulo 32 prescaler implemented with the lower five bits of TL0 register
(see Figure 15). The upper three bits of TL0 register are indeterminate and should be
ignored. Prescaler overflow increments TH0 register.
Figure 15. Timer/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 0
PERIPH
CLOCK
÷6
0
THx
(8 Bits)
1
TLx
(5 Bits)
Overflow
TFx
TCON Reg
Tx
Timer x
Interrupt
Request
C/Tx#
TMOD Reg
INTx#
GATEx
TRx
TMOD Reg
TCON Reg
Mode 1 (16-bit Timer)
Mode 1 configures Timer 0 as a 16-bit Timer with TH0 and TL0 registers connected in
cascade (see Figure 16). The selected input increments TL0 register.
Figure 16. Timer/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 1
PERIPH
CLOCK
÷6
0
THx
(8 Bits)
1
TLx
(8 Bits)
Overflow
TFx
TCON Reg
Tx
Timer x
Interrupt
Request
C/Tx#
TMOD Reg
INTx#
GATEx
TRx
TMOD Reg
TCON Reg
Mode 2 (8-bit Timer with AutoReload)
Mode 2 configures Timer 0 as an 8-bit Timer (TL0 register) that automatically reloads
from TH0 register (see Figure 17). TL0 overflow sets TF0 flag in TCON register and
reloads TL0 with the contents of TH0, which is preset by software. When the interrupt
request is serviced, hardware clears TF0. The reload leaves TH0 unchanged. The next
reload value may be changed at any time by writing it to TH0 register.
Figure 17. Timer/Counter x (x = 0 or 1) in Mode 2
PERIPH
CLOCK
÷6
0
TLx
(8 Bits)
1
Tx
Overflow
TFx
TCON Reg
Timer x
Interrupt
Request
C/Tx#
TMOD Reg
INTx#
GATEx
TMOD Reg
TRx
THx
(8 Bits)
TCON Reg
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4134B–8051–06/03
Mode 3 (Two 8-bit Timers)
Mode 3 configures Timer 0 such that registers TL0 and TH0 operate as separate 8-bit
Timers (see Figure 18). This mode is provided for applications requiring an additional 8bit Timer or Counter. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits C/T0# and GATE0 in TMOD register, and TR0 and TF0 in TCON register in the normal manner. TH0 is locked into a
Timer function (counting FPER /6) and takes over use of the Timer 1 interrupt (TF1) and
run control (TR1) bits. Thus, operation of Timer 1 is restricted when Timer 0 is in Mode
3.
Figure 18. Timer/Counter 0 in Mode 3: Two 8-bit Counters
PERIPH
CLOCK
÷6
0
1
TL0
(8 Bits)
Overflow
TH0
(8 Bits)
Overflow
TF0
TCON.5
T0
Timer 0
Interrupt
Request
C/T0#
TMOD.2
INT0#
GATE0
TR0
TMOD.3
PERIPH
CLOCK
TCON.4
÷6
TF1
TCON.7
Timer 1
Interrupt
Request
TR1
TCON.6
Timer 1
Timer 1 is identical to Timer 0 excepted for Mode 3 which is a hold-count mode. The following comments help to understand the differences:
•
Timer 1 functions as either a Timer or event Counter in three modes of operation.
Figure 15 through Figure 17 show the logical configuration for modes 0, 1, and 2.
Timer 1’s Mode 3 is a hold-count mode.
•
Timer 1 is controlled by the four high-order bits of TMOD register (see Figure 15)
and bits 2, 3, 6 and 7 of TCON register (see Figure 14). TMOD register selects the
method of Timer gating (GATE1), Timer or Counter operation (C/T1#) and mode of
operation (M11 and M01). TCON register provides Timer 1 control functions:
overflow flag (TF1), run control bit (TR1), interrupt flag (IE1) and interrupt type
control bit (IT1).
•
Timer 1 can serve as the Baud Rate Generator for the Serial Port. Mode 2 is best
suited for this purpose.
•
For normal Timer operation (GATE1 = 0), setting TR1 allows TL1 to be incremented
by the selected input. Setting GATE1 and TR1 allows external pin INT1# to control
Timer operation.
•
Timer 1 overflow (count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s) sets the TF1 flag generating
an interrupt request.
•
When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, it uses Timer 1’s overflow flag (TF1) and run control bit
(TR1). For this situation, use Timer 1 only for applications that do not require an
interrupt (such as a Baud Rate Generator for the Serial Port) and switch Timer 1 in
and out of Mode 3 to turn it off and on.
•
It is important to stop Timer/Counter before changing mode.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Mode 0 (13-bit Timer)
Mode 0 configures Timer 1 as a 13-bit Timer, which is set up as an 8-bit Timer (TH1 register) with a modulo-32 prescaler implemented with the lower 5 bits of the TL1 register
(see Figure 15). The upper 3 bits of TL1 register are ignored. Prescaler overflow increments TH1 register.
Mode 1 (16-bit Timer)
Mode 1 configures Timer 1 as a 16-bit Timer with TH1 and TL1 registers connected in
cascade (see Figure 16). The selected input increments TL1 register.
Mode 2 (8-bit Timer with AutoReload)
Mode 2 configures Timer 1 as an 8-bit Timer (TL1 register) with automatic reload from
TH1 register on overflow (see Figure 17). TL1 overflow sets TF1 flag in TCON register
and reloads TL1 with the contents of TH1, which is preset by software. The reload
leaves TH1 unchanged.
Mode 3 (Halt)
Placing Timer 1 in Mode 3 causes it to halt and hold its count. This can be used to halt
Timer 1 when TR1 run control bit is not available i.e. when Timer 0 is in Mode 3.
Interrupt
Each Timer handles one interrupt source that is the timer overflow flag TF0 or TF1. This
flag is set every time an overflow occurs. Flags are cleared when vectoring to the Timer
interrupt routine. Interrupts are enabled by setting ETx bit in IE0 register. This assumes
interrupts are globally enabled by setting EA bit in IE0 register.
Figure 19. Timer Interrupt System
Timer 0
Interrupt Request
TF0
TCON.5
ET0
IE0.1
Timer 1
Interrupt Request
TF1
TCON.7
ET1
IE0.3
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4134B–8051–06/03
Registers
Table 14. TCON Register
TCON (S:88h)
Timer/Counter Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7
TF1
Timer 1 Overflow Flag
Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine.
Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow, when Timer 1 register overflows.
6
TR1
Timer 1 Run Control Bit
Clear to turn off Timer/Counter 1.
Set to turn on Timer/Counter 1.
5
TF0
Timer 0 Overflow Flag
Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine.
Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow, when Timer 0 register overflows.
4
TR0
Timer 0 Run Control Bit
Clear to turn off Timer/Counter 0.
Set to turn on Timer/Counter 0.
3
IE1
Interrupt 1 Edge Flag
Cleared by hardware when interrupt is processed if edge-triggered (see IT1).
Set by hardware when external interrupt is detected on INT1# pin.
2
IT1
Interrupt 1 Type Control Bit
Clear to select low level active (level triggered) for external interrupt 1 (INT1#).
Set to select falling edge active (edge triggered) for external interrupt 1.
1
IE0
Interrupt 0 Edge Flag
Cleared by hardware when interrupt is processed if edge-triggered (see IT0).
Set by hardware when external interrupt is detected on INT0# pin.
0
IT0
Interrupt 0 Type Control Bit
Clear to select low level active (level triggered) for external interrupt 0 (INT0#).
Set to select falling edge active (edge triggered) for external interrupt 0.
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
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4134B–8051–06/03
Table 15. TMOD Register
TMOD (S:89h)
Timer/Counter Mode Control Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GATE1
C/T1#
M11
M01
GATE0
C/T0#
M10
M00
Bit Number
Bit Mnemonic
Description
7
GATE1
Timer 1 Gating Control Bit
Clear to enable Timer 1 whenever TR1 bit is set.
Set to enable Timer 1 only while INT1# pin is high and TR1 bit is set.
6
C/T1#
Timer 1 Counter/Timer Select Bit
Clear for Timer operation: Timer 1 counts the divided-down system clock.
Set for Counter operation: Timer 1 counts negative transitions on external pin T1.
5
M11
4
M01
3
GATE0
Timer 0 Gating Control Bit
Clear to enable Timer 0 whenever TR0 bit is set.
Set to enable Timer/Counter 0 only while INT0# pin is high and TR0 bit is set.
2
C/T0#
Timer 0 Counter/Timer Select Bit
Clear for Timer operation: Timer 0 counts the divided-down system clock.
Set for Counter operation: Timer 0 counts negative transitions on external pin T0.
1
M10
0
M00
Timer 1 Mode Select Bits
M11 M01 Operating Mode
0
0 Mode 0: 8-bit Timer/Counter (TH1) with 5-bit prescaler (TL1).
0
1 Mode 1: 16-bit Timer/Counter.
1
0 Mode 2: 8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter (TL1). Reloaded from TH1 at overflow.
1
1 Mode 3: Timer 1 halted. Retains count.
Timer 0 Mode Select Bit
M10 M00 Operating Mode
0
0 Mode 0: 8-bit Timer/Counter (TH0) with 5-bit prescaler (TL0).
0
1 Mode 1: 16-bit Timer/Counter.
1
0 Mode 2: 8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter (TL0). Reloaded from TH0 at overflow.
1
1 Mode 3: TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter.
TH0 is an 8-bit Timer using Timer 1’s TR0 and TF0 bits.
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 16. TH0 Register
TH0 (S:8Ch)
Timer 0 High Byte Register
7
Bit
Number
7:0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
High Byte of Timer 0
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
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4134B–8051–06/03
Table 17. TL0 Register
TL0 (S:8Ah)
Timer 0 Low Byte Register
7
6
Bit
Number
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
Bit
Mnemonic Description
7:0
Low Byte of Timer 0
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 18. TH1 Register
TH1 (S:8Dh)
Timer 1 High Byte Register
7
6
Bit Number
5
Bit Mnemonic
7:0
4
Description
High Byte of Timer 1
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
Table 19. TL1 Register
TL1 (S:8Bh)
Timer 1 Low Byte Register
7
Bit Number
7:0
6
Bit
Mnemonic
5
4
Description
Low Byte of Timer 1
Reset Value = 0000 0000b
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4134B–8051–06/03
Power Management
Table 20. PCON Register
PCON - Power Control Register (87h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
Bit
Bit
Number
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
GF1
General-purpose Flag
Cleared by user for general purpose usage.
Set by user for general purpose usage.
2
GF0
General-purpose Flag
Cleared by user for general purpose usage.
Set by user for general purpose usage.
1
PD
Power-Down Mode Bit
Cleared by hardware when reset occurs.
Set to enter Power-down Mode.
0
IDL
Idle Mode Bit
Cleared by hardware when interrupt or reset occurs.
Set to enter Idle Mode.
Description
Reset Value = XXX1 0000b
Not bit addressable
Idle Mode
An instruction that sets PCON.0 indicates that it is the last instruction to be executed
before going into the Idle Mode. In the Idle Mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to
the CPU, but not to the interrupt, Timer, and Serial Port functions. The CPU status is
preserved in its entirety: the Stack Pointer, Program Counter, Program Status Word,
Accumulator and all other registers maintain their data during Idle. The port pins hold
the logical states they had at the time Idle was activated.
There are two ways to terminate the Idle Mode. Activation of any enabled interrupt will
cause PCON.0 to be cleared by hardware, terminating the Idle Mode. The interrupt will
be serviced, and following RETI the next instruction to be executed will be the one following the instruction that put the device into idle.
The flag bits GF0 and GF1 can be used to give an indication if an interrupt occurred during normal operation or during an Idle. For example, an instruction that activates Idle
can also set one or both flag bits. When Idle is terminated by an interrupt, the interrupt
service routine can examine the flag bits.
The other way of terminating the Idle Mode is with a hardware reset. Since the clock
oscillator is still running, the hardware reset needs to be held active for only two
machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) to complete the reset.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Power-down Mode
To save maximum power, a power-down mode can be invoked by software (refer to
Table 20, PCON register).
In power-down mode, the oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invoked powerdown mode is the last instruction executed. The internal RAM and SFRs retain their
value until the power-down mode is terminated. VCC can be lowered to save further
power. Either a hardware reset or an external interrupt can cause an exit from powerdown. To properly terminate power-down mode, the reset or external interrupt should
not be executed before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held
active long enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize.
Only external interrupts INT0, INT1 are useful for exiting from power-down. For that,
interrupt must be enabled and configured as level or edge sensitive interrupt input.
Holding the pin low restarts the oscillator but bringing the pin high completes the exit as
detailed in Figure 20. When both interrupts are enabled, the oscillator restarts as soon
as one of the two inputs is held low and power-down exit will be completed when the first
input is released. In this case the higher priority interrupt service routine is executed.
Once the interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be executed after RETI will be the
one following the instruction that put AT8xC5103 into power-down mode.
Figure 20. Power-Down Exit Waveform
INT0
INT1
XTALA
or
XTALB
Active Phase
Power-down Phase
Oscillator Restart Phase
Active Phase
Exiting from power-down by reset redefines all the SFRs, exiting from power-down by
external interrupt does no affect the SFRs.
Exiting from power-down by either reset or external interrupt does not affect the internal
RAM content.
Note:
If idle mode is activated with power-down mode (IDL and PD bits set), the exit sequence
is unchanged, when execution is vectored to interrupt, PD and IDL bits are cleared and
idle mode is not entered.
Table 21 shows the state of ports during idle and power-down modes.
Table 21. State of Ports(1)
Note:
Mode
Program Memory
PORT1
PORT3
Idle
Internal
Port Data
Port Data
Power-down
Internal
Port Data
Port Data
1. Port 0 can force a 0 level. A ‘one’ will leave port floating.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Programmable
Counter Array (PCA)
The PCA provides more timing capabilities with less CPU intervention than the standard
timer/counters. Its advantages include reduced software overhead and improved accuracy. The PCA consists of a dedicated timer/counter which serves as the time base for
an array of five compare/capture modules. Its clock input can be programmed to count
any one of the following signals:
•
Oscillator frequency ÷ 12 (÷ 6 in X2 Mode)
•
Oscillator frequency ÷ 4 (÷ 2 in X2 Mode)
•
Timer 0 overflow
•
External input on ECI (P1.2)
Each compare/capture modules can be programmed in any one of the following modes:
•
Rising and/or falling edge capture,
•
Software timer
•
High-speed output
•
Pulse width modulator
Module 4 can also be programmed as a watchdog timer.
When the compare/capture modules are programmed in the capture mode, software
timer, or high speed output mode, an interrupt can be generated when the module executes its function. All five modules and the PCA timer overflow share one interrupt
vector.
The PCA timer/counter and compare/capture modules share Port 1 for external I/O.
These pins are listed below. If the port is not used for the PCA, it can still be used for
standard I/O.
PCA Component
External I/O Pin
16-bit Counter
P1.2/ECI
16-bit Module 0
P1.3/CEX0
16-bit Module 1
P1.4/CEX1
16-bit Module 2
P1.5/CEX2
16-bit Module 3
P1.6/CEX3
16-bit Module 4
P1.7/CEX4
The PCA timer is a common time base for all five modules (See Figure 21). The timer
count source is determined from the CPS1 and CPS0 bits in the CMOD SFR (see
Table 21) and can be programmed to run at:
•
1/12 the oscillator frequency (or 1/6 in X2 Mode)
•
1/4 the oscillator frequency (or 1/2 in X2 Mode)
•
The Timer 0 overflow
•
The input on the ECI pin (P1.2)
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4134B–8051–06/03
PCA Timer
Figure 21. PCA Timer/Counter
To PCA
Modules
Fosc/12
Overflow
Fosc/4
CH
T0 OVF
It
CL
16-bit Up/Down Counter
P1.2
CIDL
WDTE
CF
CR
CPS1
CPS0
ECF
CMOD
0xD9
CCF2
CCF1
CCF0
CCON
0xD8
Idle
CCF4 CCF3
Table 22. CMOD: PCA Counter Mode Register
CMOD
Address 0D9H
Reset value
Symbol
CIDL
WDTE
-
WDTE
-
-
-
CPS1
CPS0
ECF
0
0
X
X
X
0
0
0
Function
Counter Idle control: CIDL = 0 programs the PCA Counter to continue functioning during idle Mode. CIDL = 1 programs it to be
gated off during idle.
Watchdog Timer Enable: WDTE = 0 disables Watchdog Timer function on PCA Module 4. WDTE = 1 enables it.
Not implemented, reserved for future use. (1)
CPS1
PCA Count Pulse Select bit 1.
CPS0
PCA Count Pulse Select bit 0.
ECF
CIDL
Selected PCA input. (2)
CPS1
CPS0
0
0
Internal clock fosc/12 (Or fosc/6 in X2 Mode).
0
1
Internal clock fosc/4 (Or fosc/2 in X2 Mode).
1
0
Timer 0 Overflow
1
1
External clock at ECI/P1.2 pin (max rate = fosc/ 8)
PCA Enable Counter Overflow interrupt: ECF = 1 enables CF bit in CCON to generate an interrupt. ECF = 0 disables that
function of CF.
1.
User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 8051 family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value of the new bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a
reserved bit is indeterminate.
2.
fosc = oscillator frequency
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4134B–8051–06/03
The CMOD SFR includes three additional bits associated with the PCA (See Figure 21
and Table 21).
•
The CIDL bit which allows the PCA to stop during idle mode.
•
The WDTE bit which enables or disables the watchdog function on module 4.
•
The ECF bit which when set causes an interrupt and the PCA overflow flag CF (in
the CCON SFR) to be set when the PCA timer overflows.
The CCON SFR contains the run control bit for the PCA and the flags for the PCA timer
(CF) and each module (Refer to Table 23).
•
Bit CR (CCON.6) must be set by software to run the PCA. The PCA is shut off by
clearing this bit.
•
Bit CF: The CF bit (CCON.7) is set when the PCA counter overflows and an
interrupt will be generated if the ECF bit in the CMOD register is set. The CF bit can
only be cleared by software.
•
Bits 0 through 4 are the flags for the modules (bit 0 for module 0, bit 1 for module 1,
etc.) and are set by hardware when either a match or a capture occurs. These flags
also can only be cleared by software.
•
Table 23. CCON: PCA Counter Control Register
CCON
Address 0D8H
Reset Value
Symbol
CR
-
CCF4
CCF3
CCF2
CCF1
CCF0
0
0
X
0
0
0
0
0
Function
CF
PCA Counter Overflow flag. Set by hardware when the counter rolls over. CF flags
an interrupt if bit ECF in CMOD is set. CF may be set by either hardware or software but
can only be cleared by software.
CR
PCA Counter Run control bit. Set by software to turn the PCA counter on. Must be cleared
by software to turn the PCA counter off.
Not implemented, reserved for future use. (1)
-
1.
CF
CCF4
PCA Module 4 interrupt flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be
cleared by software.
CCF3
PCA Module 3 interrupt flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be
cleared by software.
CCF2
PCA Module 2 interrupt flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be
cleared by software.
CCF1
PCA Module 1 interrupt flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be
cleared by software.
CCF0
PCA Module 0 interrupt flag. Set by hardware when a match or capture occurs. Must be
cleared by software.
User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 8051
family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value of the
new bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a reserved bit is
indeterminate.
The watchdog timer function is implemented in module 4 (See Figure 24).
The PCA interrupt system is shown in Figure 22.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 22. PCA Interrupt System
CF
CR
CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0
CCON
0xD8
PCA Timer/Counter
Module 0
Module 1
To Interrupt
Priority Decoder
Module 2
Module 3
Module 4
CMOD.0
ECF
ECCFn CCAPMn.0
IE.6
EC
IE.7
EA
PCA Modules: each one of the five compare/capture modules has six possible functions. It can perform:
•
16-bit Capture, positive-edge triggered
•
16-bit Capture, negative-edge triggered
•
16-bit Capture, both positive and negative-edge triggered
•
16-bit Software Timer
•
16-bit High Speed Output
•
8-bit Pulse Width Modulator
In addition, module 4 can be used as a Watchdog Timer.
Each module in the PCA has a special function register associated with it. These registers are: CCAPM0 for module 0, CCAPM1 for module 1, etc. (See Table 24). The
registers contain the bits that control the mode that each module will operate in.
•
The ECCF bit (CCAPMn.0 where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the module)
enables the CCF flag in the CCON SFR to generate an interrupt when a match or
compare occurs in the associated module.
•
PWM (CCAPMn.1) enables the pulse width modulation mode.
•
The TOG bit (CCAPMn.2) when set causes the CEX output associated with the
module to toggle when there is a match between the PCA counter and the module's
capture/compare register.
•
The match bit MAT (CCAPMn.3) when set will cause the CCFn bit in the CCON
register to be set when there is a match between the PCA counter and the module's
capture/compare register.
•
The next two bits CAPN (CCAPMn.4) and CAPP (CCAPMn.5) determine the edge
that a capture input will be active on. The CAPN bit enables the negative edge, and
the CAPP bit enables the positive edge. If both bits are set both edges will be
enabled and a capture will occur for either transition.
•
The last bit in the register ECOM (CCAPMn.6) when set enables the comparator
function.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Table 24 shows the CCAPMn settings for the various PCA functions.
Table 24. CCAPMn: PCA Modules Compare/Capture Control Registers
CCAPMn
Address
n=0-4
CCAPM0 (0DAH)
CCAPM1 (0DBH)
CCAPM2 (0DCH)
CCAPM3 (0DDH)
CCAPM4 (0DEH)
Reset value
Symbol
X
ECOMn CAPPn
0
CAPNn
0
0
MATn
TOGn
0
0
PWMm
ECCFn
0
0
Function
Not implemented, reserved for future use. (1)
ECOMn
Enable Comparator. ECOMn = 1 enables the comparator function.
CAPPn
Capture Positive, CAPPn = 1 enables positive edge capture.
CAPNn
Capture Negative, CAPNn = 1 enables negative edge capture.
MATn
Match. When MATn = 1, a match of the PCA counter with this module’s compare/capture
register causes the CCFn bit in CCON to be set, flagging an interrupt.
TOGn
Toggle. When TOGn = 1, a match of the PCA counter with this module’s compare/capture
register causes the CEXn pin to toggle.
PWMn
Pulse Width Modulation Mode. PWMn = 1 enables the CEXn pin to be used as a pulse
width modulated output.
ECCFn
Enable CCF interrupt. Enables compare/capture flag CCFn in the CCON register to
generate an interrupt.
1.
User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 8051
family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value of the
new bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a reserved bit is
indeterminate.
Table 25. PCA Module Modes (CCAPMn Registers)
ECOMn CAPPn
CAPNn
MATn
TOGn
PWMm
ECCFn Module Function
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
No Operation
X
1
0
0
0
0
X
16-bit capture by a positive-edge
trigger on CEXn
X
0
1
0
0
0
X
16-bit capture by a negative trigger
on CEXn
X
1
1
0
0
0
X
16-bit capture by a transition on
CEXn
1
0
0
1
0
0
X
16-bit Software Timer/Compare
mode.
1
0
0
1
1
0
X
16-bit High Speed Output
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
8-bit PWM
1
0
0
1
X
0
X
Watchdog Timer (module 4 only)
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4134B–8051–06/03
There are two additional registers associated with each of the PCA modules. They are
CCAPnH and CCAPnL and these are the registers that store the 16-bit count when a
capture occurs or a compare should occur. When a module is used in the PWM mode
these registers are used to control the duty cycle of the output (See Table 26 &
Table 27)
Table 26. CCAPnH: PCA Modules Capture/Compare Registers High
CCAPnH
Address
n=0-4
CCAP0H (0FAH)
CCAP1H (0FBH)
CCAP2H (0FCH)
CCAP3H (0FDH)
CCAP4H (0FEH)
Reset value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 27. CCAPnL: PCA Modules Capture/Compare Registers Low
CCAPnL
Address
n=0-4
CCAP0L (0EAH)
CCAP1L (0EBH)
CCAP2L (0ECH)
CCAP3L (0EDH)
CCAP4L (0EEH)
Reset value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 28. CH: PCA Counter High
CH
Address
0F9H
Reset value
Table 29. CL: PCA Counter Low
CL
Address
0E9H
Reset value
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4134B–8051–06/03
PCA Capture Mode
To use one of the PCA modules in the capture mode either one or both of the CCAPM
bits CAPN and CAPP for that module must be set. The external CEX input for the module (on port 1) is sampled for a transition. When a valid transition occurs the PCA
hardware loads the value of the PCA counter registers (CH and CL) into the module’s
capture registers (CCAPnL and CCAPnH). If the CCFn bit for the module in the CCON
SFR and the ECCFn bit in the CCAPMn SFR are set then an interrupt will be generated
(see Figure 23).
Figure 23. PCA Capture Mode
CF
CR
CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0 CCON
0xD8
PCA IT
PCA Counter/Timer
Cex.n
CH
CL
CCAPnH
CCAPnL
Capture
ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4
0xDA to 0xDE
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4134B–8051–06/03
16-bit Software Timer/
Compare Mode
The PCA modules can be used as software timers by setting both the ECOM and MAT
bits in the modules CCAPMn register. The PCA timer will be compared to the module’s
capture registers and when a match occurs an interrupt will occur if the CCFn (CCON
SFR) and the ECCFn (CCAPMn SFR) bits for the module are both set (see Figure 24).
Figure 24. PCA Compare Mode and PCA Watchdog Timer
CCON
CF
Write to
CCAPnL
CR
CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0
0xD8
Reset
PCA IT
Write to
CCAPnH
1
CCAPnH
0
CCAPnL
Enable
Match
16 bit comparator
CH
RESET(1)
CL
PCA counter/timer
ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn
CIDL
Note:
WDTE
CPS1 CPS0
ECF
CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4
0xDA to 0xDE
CMOD
0xD9
1. Only for Module 4
Before enabling ECOM bit, CCAPnL and CCAPnH should be set with a non zero value,
other/wise an unwanted match could happen. Writing to CCAPnH will set the ECOM bit.
Once ECOM set, writing CCAPnL will clear ECOM so that an unwanted match doesn’t
occur while modifying the compare value. Writing to CCAPnH will set ECOM. For this
reason, user software should write CCAPnL first, and then CCAPnH. Of course, the
ECOM bit can still be controlled by accessing to CCAPMn register.
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4134B–8051–06/03
High Speed Output Mode In this mode the CEX output (on port 1) associated with the PCA module will toggle
each time a match occurs between the PCA counter and the module’s capture registers.
To activate this mode the TOG, MAT, and ECOM bits in the module’s CCAPMn SFR
must be set (see Figure 25).
A prior write must be done to CCAPnL and CCAPnH before writing the ECOMn bit.
Figure 25. PCA High Speed Output Mode
CCON
CF
CR
CCF4 CCF3 CCF2 CCF1 CCF0
0xD8
Write to
CCAPnL Reset
PCA IT
Write to
CCAPnH
1
CCAPnH
0
CCAPnL
Enable
16-bit Comparator
CH
Match
CL
CEXn
PCA Counter/Timer
ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn
CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4
0xDA to 0xDE
Before enabling ECOM bit, CCAPnL and CCAPnH should be set with a non zero value,
other/wise an unwanted match could happen.
Once ECOM set, writing CCAPnL will clear ECOM so that an unwanted match doesn’t
occur while modifying the compare value. Writing to CCAPnH will set ECOM. For this
reason, user software should write CCAPnL first, and then CCAPnH. Of course, the
ECOM bit can still be controlled by accessing to CCAPMn register.
Pulse Width Modulator
Mode
All of the PCA modules can be used as PWM outputs. Figure 26 shows the PWM function. The frequency of the output depends on the source for the PCA timer. All of the
modules will have the same frequency of output because they all share the PCA timer.
The duty cycle of each module is independently variable using the module's capture
register CCAPLn. When the value of the PCA CL SFR is less than the value in the module's CCAPLn SFR the output will be low, when it is equal to or greater than the output
will be high. When CL overflows from FF to 00, CCAPLn is reloaded with the value in
CCAPHn. This allows updating the PWM without glitches. The PWM and ECOM bits in
the module's CCAPMn register must be set to enable the PWM mode.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 26. PCA PWM Mode
CCAPnH
Overflow
CCAPnL
“0”
Enable
8-bit Comparator
CEXn
<
≥
“1”
CL
PCA Counter/Timer
ECOMn CAPPn CAPNn MATn TOGn PWMn ECCFn
CCAPMn, n = 0 to 4
0xDA to 0xDE
PCA Watchdog Timer
An on-board watchdog timer is available with the PCA to improve the reliability of the
system without increasing chip count. Watchdog timers are useful for systems that are
susceptible to noise, power glitches, or electrostatic discharge. Module 4 is the only
PCA module that can be programmed as a watchdog. However, this module can still be
used for other modes if the watchdog is not needed. Figure 24 shows a diagram of how
the watchdog works. The user pre-loads a 16-bit value in the compare registers. Just
like the other compare modes, this 16-bit value is compared to the PCA timer value. If a
match is allowed to occur, an internal reset will be generated. This will not cause the
RST pin to be driven high.
In order to hold off the reset, the user has three options:
1. Periodically change the compare value so it will never match the PCA timer.
2. Periodically change the PCA timer value so it will never match the compare
values.
3. Disable the watchdog by clearing the WDTE bit before a match occurs and then
re-enable it.
The first two options are more reliable because the watchdog timer is never disabled as
in option #3. If the program counter ever goes astray, a match will eventually occur and
cause an internal reset. The second option is also not recommended if other PCA modules are being used. Remember, the PCA timer is the time base for all modules;
changing the time base for other modules would not be a good idea. Thus, in most applications the first solution is the best option.
This watchdog timer won’t generate a reset out on the reset pin.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Interrupt System
The AT8xC5103 has a total of 5 interrupt vectors: one external interrupt INT0, two timer
interrupts (timers 0, 1), PCA and SPI. These interrupts are shown in Figure 27..
Figure 27. Interrupt Control System
High Priority
Interrupt
IPH, IP
3
INT0
IE0
0
3
TF0
0
Interrupt
Polling
Sequence
3
INT1
IE1
0
3
TF1
0
CF
3
PCA
0
CCFx
NC
NC
3
NC
3
NC
0
0
3
SPI
0
3
NC
0
Individual
Enable
Global
Disable
Low Priority
Interrupt
Each of the interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in the Interrupt Enable register (see Table 31). This register also contains a
global disable bit, which must be cleared to disable all interrupts at once.
Each interrupt source can also be individually programmed to one of four priority levels
by setting or clearing a bit in the Interrupt Priority register (see Table 33) and in the Interrupt Priority High register (see Table 35). Table 30 shows the bit values and priority
levels associated with each combination.
46
4134B–8051–06/03
Table 30. Priority Level Bit Values
IPH.x
IPL.x
Interrupt Level Priority
0
0
0 (Lowest)
0
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
3 (Highest)
A low-priority interrupt can be interrupted by a high priority interrupt, but not by another
low-priority interrupt. A high-priority interrupt can’t be interrupted by any other interrupt
source.
If two interrupt requests of different priority levels are received simultaneously, the
request of higher priority level is serviced. If interrupt requests of the same priority level
are received simultaneously, an internal polling sequence determines which request is
serviced. Thus within each priority level there is a second priority structure determined
by the polling sequence.
Interrupt Name
Interrupt Address Vector
Priority Number
External Interrupt (INT0)
0003h
1
Timer0 (TF0)
000Bh
2
External Interrupt (INT1)
0013h
3
Timer1 (TF1)
001Bh
4
PCA (CF or CCFn)
0033h
5
SPI
004Bh
6
.
47
4134B–8051–06/03
Table 31. IE0 Register
IE0 (S:A8h)
Interrupt Enable Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EA
EC
-
-
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic
Description
7
EA
Enable All Interrupt Bit
Clear to disable all interrupts.
Set to enable all interrupts.
If EA=1, each interrupt source is individually enabled or disabled by setting or
clearing its interrupt enable bit.
6
EC
PCA Interrupt Enable
Clear to disable the PCA interrupt.
Set to enable the PCA interrupt.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
ET1
Timer 1 overflow interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable timer 1 overflow interrupt.
Set to enable timer 1 overflow interrupt.
2
EX1
External Interrupt 1 Enable bit
Clear to disable external interrupt 0.
Set to enable external interrupt 0.
1
ET0
Timer 0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable timer 0 overflow interrupt.
Set to enable timer 0 overflow interrupt.
0
EX0
External Interrupt 0 Enable bit
Clear to disable external interrupt 0.
Set to enable external interrupt 0.
Reset Value = 00XX 0000b
Bit addressable
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4134B–8051–06/03
Table 32. IE1 Register
IE1 (S:B1h)
Interrupt Enable Register
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
ESPI
-
-
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic
7
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
ESPI
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Description
SPI Interrupt Enable bit
Clear to disable the SPI interrupt.
Set to enable the SPI interrupt.
Reset Value = XXXX X0XXb
No Bit addressable
49
4134B–8051–06/03
Table 33. IPL0 Register
IPH0 - Interrupt Priority Low Register 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
PPCL
-
-
PT1L
PX1L
PT0L
PX0L
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic
7
-
6
PPCL
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
PT1L
Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
Refer to PT1H for priority level.
2
PX1L
External Interrupt 1Priority bit
Refer to PX1H for priority level.
1
PT0L
Timer 0 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
Refer to PT0H for priority level.
0
PX0L
External Interrupt 0 Priority bit
Refer to PX0H for priority level.
Description
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
PCA Counter Interrupt Priority bit
Refer to PPCH for priority level
Reset Value = X0XX 0000b
Bit addressable.
50
4134B–8051–06/03
Table 34. IPL1 Register
IPL1 (S:B2h)
IPL1 - Interrupt Priority Low Register 1
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
PSPIL
-
-
Bit Number
Bit
Mnemonic
Description
7
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
2
PSPIL
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
SPI Interrupt Priority Level Less Significant bit.
Refer to PSPIH for priority level.
Reset Value = XXXX X0XXb
Not Bit addressable.
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4134B–8051–06/03
Table 35. IPH0 Register
IPH0 (S:B7h)
IPH0 - Interrupt Priority High Register 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
PPCH
-
-
PT1H
PX1H
PT0H
PX0H
Bit
Number
Bit
Mnemonic
7
-
Description
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
PCA Counter Interrupt Priority Level Most Significant bit
PPCH
PPCL Priority level
0
0
Lowest
0
1
1
0
1
1
Highest priority
6
PPCH
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
3
2
1
0
PT1H
Timer 1 overflow interrupt Priority High bit
PT1H
PT1L Priority Level
0
0
Lowest
0
1
1
0
1
1
Highest
PX1H
External interrupt 1Priority High bit
PX1H
PX1L Priority Level
0
0
Lowest
0
1
1
0
1
1
Highest
PT0H
Timer 0 overflow interrupt Priority High bit
PT0L Priority Level
PT0H
0
0
Lowest
0
1
1
0
1
1
Highest
PX0H
External interrupt 0 Priority High bit
PX0L Priority Level
PX0H
0
0
Lowest
0
1
1
0
1
1
Highest
Reset Value = X0XX 0000b
Not bit addressable
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4134B–8051–06/03
Table 36. IPH1 Register
IPH1 - Interrupt Priority High Register 1 (B3h)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
-
-
PSPIH
-
-
Bit Number
Bit
Mnemonic
Description
7
6
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
5
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
4
-
3
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
SPI Interrupt Priority Level Most Significant bit
PSPIH PSPIL Priority level
0
0
Lowest
0
1
1
0
1
1
Highest
2
PSPIH
1
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
0
-
Reserved
The value read from this bit is indeterminate. Do not set this bit.
Reset Value = XXXX X0XXb
Not bit addressable
53
4134B–8051–06/03
Hardware Byte: Lock bit
Table 37. Hardware Byte (HSB)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-
LB
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bit Number
Bit Mnemonic
7
-
6
LB
Description
Reserved
Do not write this bit
User Program EPROM Lock Bit
Programmed (1) to protect memory from external read
Unprogrammed (0), read or write is allowed
5:0
-
Reserved
Do not write these bits
The Lock system, when programmed, protects the on-chip program against software
piracy. Only one level of protection for the on-chip code which when programmed are
provided. If lock bit program, no read operation can be done, only CRC check.
This security bit is accessible only with hardware programmer.
54
4134B–8051–06/03
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
*NOTICE:
Ambiant Temperature Under Bias:
A = automotive................................................. -40°C to 125°C
Storage Temperature ................................... -55°C to + 150°C
Voltage on VCC to VSS ..........................................-0.5V to + 6V
Voltage on Any Pin to VSS ..........................-0.5V to VCC + 0.5V
Power Consumption
Measurement
Stresses at or above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent
damage to the device. This is a stress rating only
and functional operation of the device at these or
any other conditions above those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions may affect device reliability.
Since the introduction of the first C51 device, every manufacturer made operating ICC
measurements under reset, which made sense for the designs were the CPU was running under reset. In our new devices, the CPU is no more active during reset, so the
power consumption is very low but is not really representative of what will happen in the
customer system. That’s why, while keeping measurements under Reset, we present a
new way to measure the operating ICC:
Using an internal test ROM, the following code is executed:
Label:
SJMP Label (80 FE)
Ports 1 and 4 are disconnected, RST = V CC, XTAL2 is not connected and XTAL1 is
driven by the clock.
This is much more representative of the real operating ICC.
55
4134B–8051–06/03
DC Parameters
TA = -40°C to +125°C; VSS = 0V; VCC = 2.7 to 5.5V; F = 0 to 16 MHz
Table 38. DC Parameters
Symbol
Parameter
Min
VIL
Input Low Voltage
VIH
Input High Voltage except XTAL1, RST
VIH1
Input High Voltage, XTAL1, RST
Vhy
Input hysteresis Voltage
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
-0.5
0.2 VCC - 0.1
V
0.7 VCC
VCC + 0.5
V
0.5
1.1
V
VCC = 3.6V
0.8
1.8
V
VCC = 5.5V
0.3
V
IOL = 100 µA(4)
0.45
V
IOL = 1.6 mA(4)
1.0
V
IOL = 3.5 mA(4)
0.3
V
IOL = 100 µA(4)
1.0
V
IOL = 1.6 mA(4)
VCC - 0.3
V
IOH = -10 µA
VCC - 0.7
V
IOH = -30 µA
VCC - 1.5
V
IOH = -60 µA
VCC - 0.3
V
VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V
VOL
Output Low Voltage, ports 1and 4 (6)
VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V
VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V
VOH
Output High Voltage, ports 1 and 4.(6)
Pseudo Bi-directional Mode
VCC = 2.7V to 5.5V
VOH
Output High Voltage, ports 1 and 4.(6)
Push-pull Mode
VCC - 1
V
VCC - 0.5
IOH = -10 µA
IOH = -1 mA
IOH = -100 µA
Tr
Ouput Rise time (Push-pull mode)
8
1000
ns
Cload = 10 pF
Tf
Ouput Fall time (Push-pull mode)
6
500
ns
Cload = 10 pF
ILI
Input Leakage Current
±10
µA
0.45V < Vin < VCC
30
RRST
90(5)
Capacitance of I/O Buffer
ICC
AT87C5103
200
15
100
(OTP version)
pF
Fc = 1 MHz
TA = 25°C
µA
VCC = 5.5 V
µA
VCC = 3.6V
mA
mA
VCC > 4.5V
Power Down Current
10 (3)
operating
(ROM version)
kΩ
10 (3)
IPD
AT83C5103
150
RST Pulldown Resistor
50
CIO
60 (5)
Power Supply Current Maximum values, X1 mode: (1)
50
0.8xF+0.8
1.2xF+1.5
VCC < 4.5V
56
4134B–8051–06/03
Table 38. DC Parameters (Continued)
Symbol
ICC
Min
Typ
Power Supply Current Maximum values, X1 mode:
idle
VRET
Notes:
Parameter
Max
Unit
0.6xF+0.8
mA
mA
1.0xF+1.5
Supply voltage during power-down mode
2
Test Conditions
VCC < 4.5V(2)
VCC > 4.5V(2)
V
1. Operating ICC is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 driven with TCLCH, TCHCL = 5 ns (see Figure 32.), VIL =
VSS + 0.5V,
VIH = VCC - 0.5V; XTAL2 N.C.; RST= VCC;. The internal ROM runs the code 80 FE (label: SJMP label). ICC would be slightly
higher if a crystal oscillator is used.
2. Idle ICC is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL1 driven with TCLCH, TCHCL = 5 ns, VIL = VSS + 0.5V, VIH = VCC 0.5V; XTAL2 N.C; RST = VSS (see Figure 30.).
3. Power Down ICC is measured with all output pins disconnected; XTAL2 NC.; RST = VSS (see Figure 31.).
4. Capacitance loading on Ports 0 and 2 may cause spurious noise pulses to be superimposed on the VOLs of ALE and Ports 1
and 3. The noise is due to external bus capacitance discharging into the Port 0 and Port 2 pins when these pins make 1 to 0
transitions during bus operation. In the worst cases (capacitive loading 100 pF), the noise pulse on the ALE line may exceed
0.45V with maxi VOL peak 0.6V. A Schmitt Trigger use is not necessary.
5. Typicals are based on a limited number of samples and are not guaranteed. The values listed are at room temperature and
5V.
6. If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater
than the listed test conditions.
Figure 28. ICC Test Condition, Under Reset
VCC
ICC
VCC
RST
(NC)
CLOCK
SIGNAL
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
All other pins are disconnected.
Figure 29. Operating ICC Test Condition
VCC
ICC
VCC
Reset = VSS after a low pulse
during at least 24 clock cycles
VCC
RST
(NC)
CLOCK
SIGNAL
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
All other pins are disconnected.
57
4134B–8051–06/03
Figure 30. ICC Test Condition, Idle Mode
VCC
ICC
Reset = Vcc after a low pulse
during at least 24 clock cycles
VCC
VCC
RST
(NC)
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
CLOCK
SIGNAL
All other pins are disconnected
Figure 31. ICC Test Condition, Power-Down Mode
VCC
ICC
VCC
Reset = Vcc after a low pulse
during at least 24 clock cyclesVCC
RST
All other pins are disconnected.
XTAL2
XTAL1
VSS
Figure 32. Clock Signal Waveform for ICC Tests in Active and Idle Modes
VCC-0.5V
0.7VCC
0.45V
TCHCL
TCLCH
0.2VCC-0.1
TCLCH = TCHCL = 5ns
AC Parameters
Explanation of the AC
Symbols
Each timing symbol has 5 characters. The first character is always a “T” (stands for
Time). The other characters, depending on their positions, stand for the name of a signal or the logical status of that signal. The following is a list of all the characters and
what they stand for.
Example: TXHDV = Time from clock rising edge to input data valid.
TA = -40°C to +125°C (Automotive temperature range); VSS = 0V; 3.135V < VCC < 3.465V
The maximum applicable load capacitance for Port 1 and 3 is 80 pF. Timings will be
guaranteed if these capacitances are respected. Higher capacitance values can be
used, but timings will then be degraded.
58
4134B–8051–06/03
AC Testing Input/Output
Waveforms
Figure 33. AC Testing Input/Output Waveforms
VCC-0.5V
INPUT/OUTPUT
0.2VCC+0.9
0.2VCC-0.1
0.45 V
AC inputs during testing are driven at VCC - 0.5 for a logic “1” and 0.45V for a logic “0”.
Timing measurement are made at VIH min for a logic “1” and VIL max for a logic “0”.
Float Waveforms
Figure 34. Float Waveforms
FLOAT
VOH-0.1 V VLOAD
VLOAD+0.1V
VLOAD-0.1V
VOL+0.1 V
For timing purposes as port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mV change from load
voltage occurs and begins to float when a 100 mV change from the loaded VOH/VOL level
occurs. IOL/IOH ≥ ± 20 mA.
Clock Waveforms
Valid in normal clock mode. In X2 Mode XTAL2 signal must be changed to XTAL2
divided by 2.
Figure 35. Clock Waveforms
INTERNAL
CLOCK
STATE4
P1P2
STATE5
P1P2
STATE1
STATE6
P1P2
P1P2
OLD DATA
NEW DATA
STATE2
P1P2
STATE3
P1P2
STATE4
P1P2
STATE5
P1P2
XTAL2
PORT OPERATION
MOV DEST PORT (P1, P3, P4)
(INCLUDES INT0, INT1, TO, T1)
P1, P3, P4 PINS
SERIAL PORT SHIFT CLOCK
TXD (MODE 0)
RXD SAMPLED
P1, P3, P4 PINS SAMPLED
RXD SAMPLED
This diagram indicates when signals are clocked internally. The time it takes the signals
to propagate to the pins, however, ranges from 25 to 125 ns. This propagation delay is
dependent on variables such as temperature and pin loading. Propagation also varies
from output to output and component. Typically though (TA=25°C fully loaded) RD and
WR propagation delays are approximately 50 ns. The other signals are typically 85 ns.
Propagation delays are incorporated in the AC specifications.
59
4134B–8051–06/03
Ordering Information
Code Memory Size
(Bytes)
Supply Voltage
Temperature
Range
Max Frequency
Packing
Package
AT87C5103-IBSIL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP16
AT87C5103-IBRIL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP16
AT87C5103-ICSIL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP24
AT87C5103-ICRIL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP24
AT83C5103xxx-IBSIL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP16
AT83C5103xxx-IBRIL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP16
AT83C5103xxx-ICSIL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP24
AT83C5103xxx-ICRIL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Industrial
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP24
AT87C5103-IBSAL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP16
AT87C5103-IBRAL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP16
AT87C5103-ICSAL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP24
AT87C5103-ICRAL
12K OTP
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP24
AT83C5103xxx-IBSAL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP16
AT83C5103xxx-IBRAL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP16
AT83C5103xxx-ICSAL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Stick
SSOP24
AT83C5103xxx-ICRAL
12K ROM
3.0 - 5.5V
Automotive
16 MHz
Reel
SSOP24
Part Number
60
4134B–8051–06/03
Package Drawings
SSOP 16 Leads
61
4134B–8051–06/03
SSOP 24 Leads
62
4134B–8051–06/03
Datasheet Change
Log for AT8C5103
Changes from 4134A05/02 to 4134B-04/03
1. Changed the Reset Pulldown resistor for ROM version (See AC/DC
parameters).
63
4134B–8051–06/03
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Printed on recycled paper.
4134B–8051–06/03
0M