ams AS1977-T Ultra-low current, 1.8v comparator Datasheet

AS1976, AS1977
D a ta S he e t
U l t r a - L o w C u r r e n t , 1 . 8 V C o m pa r a t o r s
1 General Description
2 Key Features
The AS1976/AS1977 are very low-current comparators
that can operate beyond the rail voltages and are guaranteed to operate down to 1.8V
!
CMOS Push/Pull Output Sinks and Sources 8mA
(AS1976)
Low input bias current, current-limiting output circuitry,
and ultra-small packaging make these comparators
ideal for low-power 2-cell applications including powermanagement and power-monitoring systems.
!
CMOS Open-Drain Output Voltage Extends Beyond
VCC (AS1977)
!
Ultra-Low Supply Current: 200nA
!
Internal Hysteresis: 3mV
!
3V-to5V Logiv-Level Translation
!
Guaranteed to Operate Down to +1.8V
!
Input Voltage Range Operates 200mV Beyond the
Rails
!
Crowbar Current-Free Switching
!
No Phase Reversal for Overdriven Inputs
!
5-pin SOT23 Package
The comparators are available as the standard products
listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Standard Products
Model
Output Type
Current
AS1976
Push/Pull
200nA
AS1977
Open-Drain
200nA
The AS1976 push/pull output can sink or source current.
The AS1977 open-drain output can be pulled beyond
VCC to a maximum of 6V > VEE. This open-drain model
is ideal for use as a logic-level translator or bipolar-tounipolar converter.
Large internal output drivers provide rail-to-rail output
swings with loads up to 8mA. Both devices feature builtin battery power-management and power-monitoring circuitry.
The AS1976/AS1977 are available in a 5-pin SOT23
package.
3 Applications
The devices are ideal for battery monitoring/management, mobile communication devices, laptops and
PDAs, ultra-low-power systems, threshold detectors/discriminators, telemetry and remote systems, medical
instruments, or any other space-limited application with
low power-consumption requirements.
Figure 1. Block Diagram
5
VCC
AS1976/
AS1977
3
IN+
4
+
–
1
OUT
IN2
VEE
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Revision 1.01
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - P i n o u t
4 Pinout
Pin Assignments
Figure 2. Pin Assignments (Top View)
5 VCC
OUT 1
VEE 2
AS1976/
AS1977
IN+ 3
4 IN-
Pin Descriptions
Table 2. Pin Descriptions
Pin
Number
Pin Name
1
OUT
Comparator Output
2
VEE
Negative Supply Voltage
3
IN+
Comparator Non-Inverting Input
4
IN-
Comparator Inverting Input
5
VCC
Positive Supply Voltage
Description
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - A b s o l u t e M a x i m u m R a t i n g s
5 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed in Table 3 may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only,
and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in Section 6 Electrical
Characteristics on page 4 is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may
affect device reliability.
Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Min
Supply Voltage VCC to VEE
Max
Units
+7
V
Voltage Inputs IN+, IN-
VEE
- 0.3
VCC
+ 0.3
V
Output Voltage AS1976, AS1978
VEE
- 0.3
VCC
+ 0.3
V
Output Current
-50
+50
mA
Output Short-Circuit Duration
10
s
Continuous Power Dissipation
571
mW
Operating Temperature Range
-40
+85
ºC
Storage Temperature Range
-65
+150
ºC
Package Body Temperature
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+260
ºC
Revision 1.01
Comments
Derate at 7.31mW/ºC above +70ºC
The reflow peak soldering temperature (body
temperature) specified is in accordance with IPC/
JEDEC J-STD-020C “Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity
Classification for Non-Hermetic Solid State
Surface Mount Devices”.
The lead finish for Pb-free leaded packages is
matte tin (100% Sn).
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - E l e c t r i c a l C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
6 Electrical Characteristics
VCC = +5V, VEE = 0, VCM = 0, TAMB = -40 to +85ºC (unless otherwise specified). Typ values are at TAMB = +25ºC.
Table 4. AS1976/AS1977 Electrical Characteristics
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
VCC
Supply Voltage Range
Inferred from the PSRR test
1.8
ICC
Supply Current
Typ
VCC = 1.8V
0.2
VCC = 5V, TAMB = +25ºC
0.21
VCC = 5V, TAMB = TMIN to TMAX
VCM
VOS
VHB
IB
Input Common-Mode
Voltage Range
Input Offset Voltage
Input-Referred
Hysteresis
Input Bias Current
-0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V),
1
TAMB = +25ºC
3
2
TAMB = +25ºC
5.5
V
0.5
µA
VCC
+ 0.2
1
V
5
mV
-0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V),
TAMB = TMIN to TMAX
-0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V)
Units
0.9
VEE
- 0.2
Inferred from CMRR test
Max
10
3
0.15
TAMB = TMIN to TMAX
mV
1
2
IOS
Input Offset Current
PSRR
Power-Supply
Rejection Ratio
VCC = 1.8 to 5.5V, TAMB = +25ºC
0.05
1
mV/V
CMRR
Common-Mode
Rejection Ratio
(VEE - 0.2V) ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V),
TAMB = +25ºC
0.2
3
mV/V
TAMB = +25ºC,
AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA
220
500
VCC - VOH
Output Voltage Swing
High
10
nA
TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,
AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA
TAMB = +25ºC
AS1976 only VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA
650
mV
80
TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,
AS1976 only VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA
TAMB = +25ºC,
AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA
VOL
Output Voltage Swing
Low
220
ISC
tPD-
Output Leakage
Current
Output Short-Circuit
Current
High-to-Low
4
Propagation Delay
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mV
70
200
300
AS1977 only, VOUT = 5.5V
0.001
Sourcing, VOUT = VEE, VCC = 5.5V
50
Sourcing, VOUT = VEE, VCC = 1.8V
6
Sinking, VOUT = VCC, VCC = 5.5V
70
Sinking, VOUT = VCC, VCC = 1.8V
5
VCC = 1.8V
10
VCC = 5.5V
12
Revision 1.01
500
650
TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,
VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA
ILEAK
200
300
TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,
AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA
TAMB = +25ºC,
VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA
pA
1
µA
mA
µs
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - E l e c t r i c a l C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
Table 4. AS1976/AS1977 Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
AS1976 only, VCC = 1.8V
13
AS1976 only, VCC = 5.5V
15
AS1977 only, VCC = 1.8V, RPULUP = 100kΩ
16
Max
Units
tPD+
Low-to-High
4
Propagation Delay
AS1977 only, VCC = 3.6V, RPULUP = 100kΩ
18
tRISE
Rise Time
AS1976 only, CLOAD = 15pF
10
ns
tFALL
Fall Time
CLOAD = 15pF
10
ns
tON
Power-Up Time
100
ns
µs
1. VOS is defined as the center of the hysteresis band at the input.
2. The hysteresis-related trip points are defined as the edges of the hysteresis band, measured with respect to the
center of the band (i.e., VOS) (see Figure 26 on page 11).
3. Guaranteed by design.
4. Specified with an input overdrive voltage (VOVERDRIVE) = 100mV, and load capacitance (CLOAD) = 15pF. VOVERDRIVE is defined above and beyond the offset voltage and hysteresis of the comparator input. A reference voltage error should also be added.
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a t i n g C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
7 Typical Operating Characteristics
Figure 3. ICC vs. VCC and Temperature
Figure 4. ICC vs. Temperature
500
300
400
275
300
Supply Current (nA) .
Supply Current (nA) .
VCC = 3V
+85ºC
+25ºC
200
-40ºC
100
0
250
225
VCC = 5V
200
175
150
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
-40
-15
Supply Voltage (V)
35
60
85
Figure 6. VOL vs. ISINK
50
600
Output Voltage Low (mV) .
Supply Current (µA) .
10
Temperature (°C)
Figure 5. ICC vs. Output Transition Frequency
40
VCC = 5V
30
20
VCC = 3V
VCC = 1.8V
10
500
VCC = 3V
400
VCC = 1.8V
VCC = 5V
300
200
100
0
0
1
10
100
1000
10000 100000
2
4
6
Output Transition Frequency (Hz)
8
10
12
14
16
Sink Current (mA)
Figure 7. VOL vs. ISINK and Temperature
Figure 8. VOH vs. ISOURCE
600
0.8
500
VCC-VOH (mV) .
Output Voltage Low (mV) .
VCC = 1.8V
+25ºC
400
+85ºC
300
-40ºC
200
0.6
VCC = 1.8V
VCC = 3V
0.4
VCC = 5V
0.2
100
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
10
15
20
Source Current (mA)
Sink Current (mA)
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a t i n g C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
Figure 9. VOH vs. ISOURCE and Temperature
Figure 10. Short Circuit Sink Current vs. Temperature
100
Sink Current (mA) .
VCC-VOH (mV) .
0.8
0.6
+25ºC
+85ºC
0.4
-40ºC
0.2
75
VCC = 5V
50
VCC = 3V
25
VCC = 1.8V
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
-40
-15
Source Current (mA)
35
60
85
60
85
Temperature (°C)
Figure 11. Short Circuit Source Current vs. Temperature
Figure 12. tPD+ vs. Temperature
25
80
20
60
VCC = 5V
tPD+ (µs) .
Source Current (mA) .
10
40
VCC = 3V
VCC = 5V
15
VCC = 1.8V
VCC = 3V
10
20
5
VCC = 1.8V
0
0
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
-40
-15
10
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 13. tPD- vs. Temperature
Figure 14. tPD- vs. Capacitive Load
150
20
125
16
VCC = 5V
VCC = 3V
100
tPD- (µs) .
tPD- (µs) .
35
12
VCC = 1.8V
8
75
VCC = 1.8V
50
VCC = 3V
4
25
VCC = 5V
0
-40
-15
10
35
60
0
0.01
85
Temperature (°C)
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0.1
1
10
100
1000
Capacitive Load (nF)
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a t i n g C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
Figure 15. tPD+ vs. Capacitive Load
Figure 16. tPD+ 5V
In+
100
50
2V/Div
VCC = 1.8V
Out
VCC = 3V
VCC = 5V
1
10
100
1000
4µs/Div
Capacitive Load (nF)
Figure 17. tPD- 5V
100mV/Div
In+
Out
4µs/Div
2V/Div
100mV/Div
2V/Div
Out
In+
Figure 18. tPD+ 3V
4µs/Div
100mV/Div
In+
Out
Out
2V/Div
Figure 20. tPD+ 1.8V
In+
Figure 19. tPD- 3V
4µs/Div
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100mV/Div
0.1
1V/Div
tPD+ (µs) .
150
0
0.01
100mV/Div
200
4µs/Div
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a t i n g C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
20µs/Div
2V/Div
VCC
Out
2V/Div
In+
2V/Div
Figure 24. Powerup/Powerdown Response
100mV/Div
Figure 23. 1kHz Response @ 5V
Out
1V/Div
In+
Out
1V/Div
In+
Out
4µs/Div
200µs/Div
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100mV/Div
Figure 22. 10kHz Response @ 1.8V
100mV/Div
Figure 21. tPD- 1.8V
40µs/Div
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - D e t a i l e d D e s c r i p t i o n
8 Detailed Description
The AS1976/AS1977 are ultra low-current comparators and are guaranteed to operate with voltages as low as +1.8V.
The common-mode input voltage range extends 200mV beyond the rail voltages, and internal hysteresis ensures
clean output switching, even with slow input signals.
The AS1976 push/pull output stage sinks and sources-current. The AS1977 open-drain output stage can be pulled
beyond VCC to an absolute maximum of 3.6V > VEE. The AS1979/AS1977 are perfect for implementing wired-OR output logic functions.
For all comparators, large internal output drivers allow rail-to-rail output swings with loads of up to 8mA. The output
stage design minimizes supply-current surges during switching, eliminating most power supply transients.
Input Stage
The input common-mode voltage range extends from (VEE - 0.2V) to (VCC + 0.2V), and the comparators can operate at
any differential input voltage within this range. The comparators have very low input bias current (±0.15nA, typ) if the
input voltage is within the common-mode voltage range.
Inputs are protected from over-voltage conditions by internal ESD protection diodes connected to the supply rails. As
the input voltage exceeds the supply rails, these ESD protection diodes are forward biased and begin to conduct.
Output Stage
The break-before-make output stage is capable of rail-to-rail operation with loads up to 8mA. Many comparators consume orders of magnitude more current during switching than during steady-state operation.
Even at loads of up to 8mA, changes in supply-current during an output transition are extremely small (see Figure 5 on
page 6). As shown in Figure 5, the minimal supply current increases as the output switching frequency approaches
1kHz. This characteristic reduces the need for power-supply filter capacitors to reduce transients created by comparator switching currents.
Because of the unique design of its output stage, the AS1976/AS1977 can dramatically increase battery life, even in
high-speed applications.
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - A p p l i c a t i o n I n f o r m a t i o n
9 Application Information
The AS1976/AS1977 comparators are perfect for use with all 2-cell battery-powered applications. Figure 25 shows a
typical application for the AS1977.
Figure 25. AS1977 Typical Application Circuit
VIN
5
4
VCC
IN-
AS1977
RPULLUP
1
OUT
3
2
IN+
VEE
Internal Hysteresis
The comparators were designed with 3mV of internal hysteresis to neutralize the effects of parasitic feedback, i.e., to
prevent unwanted rapid changes between the two output states.
The internal hysteresis in the AS1976/AS1977 creates two trip points:
!
Rising Input Voltage (VTHR) – The comparator switches its output from low to high as VIN rises above this trip point.
!
Falling Input Voltage (VTHF) – The comparator switches its output from high to low as VIN falls below this trip point.
The area between the trip points is the hysteresis band (VHB) (see Figure 26). When the AS1976/AS1977 input voltages are equivalent, the hysteresis effectively causes one input to move quickly past the other, thus taking the input
out of the region where oscillation occurs. In Figure 26 IN- has a fixed voltage applied and IN+ is varied.
Note: If the inputs are reversed the output will be inverted.
Figure 26. Threshold Hysteresis Band
Thresholds
IN+
VTHR
IN-
VHB
Hysteresis
Band
VTHF
OUT
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - A p p l i c a t i o n I n f o r m a t i o n
Additional Hysteresis (AS1976)
Additional hysteresis can be added to the AS1976 and AS1978 with three resistors and positive feedback (see Figure
27), however, this positive feedback method slows hysteresis response time.
Figure 27. AS1976 Additional Hysteresis
VCC
R3
R1
VIN
+
–
R2
VCC
VEE
OUT
VREF
Resistor Selection Example
For the circuit shown in Figure 27, use the following steps to calculate values for R1, R2, and R3.
1. First select the value for R3. Leakage current at IN is less than 2nA, thus the current through R3 should be at least
0.2µA to minimize errors due to leakage current. The current through R3 at the trip point is:
(VREF - VOUT)/R3
(EQ 1)
Taking into consideration the two possible output states, solving for R3 yields two formulas:
R3 = VREF/IR3
(EQ 2)
R3 = (VCC - VREF)/IR3
(EQ 3)
Use the smaller of the two resulting values for R3. For example, for VREF = 1.245V, VCC = 3.3V, and IR3 = 1µA, the
two resistor values are 1.2MΩ and 2.0MΩ, therefore choose a 1.2MΩ standard resistor for R3.
2. Choose the required hysteresis band (VHB). For this example, choose 33mV.
3. Calculate R1 as:
R1 = R3(VHB/VCC)
(EQ 4)
Substituting the R1 and VHB example values gives:
R1 = 1.2MΩ(50mV/3.3V) = 12kΩ
4. Choose the trip point for VIN rising (VTHR) such that VTHR > VREF(R1 + R3)/R3. For this example, choose 3V.
5. Calculate R2 as:
R2 = 1/[VTHR/(VREF x R1) - (1/R1) - (1/R3)]
(EQ 5)
Substituting the R1 and R3 example values gives:
R2 = 1/[3.0V/(1.2V x 12kΩ) - (1/12kΩ) - (1/1.2MΩ)] = 8.05kΩ
In this example, a standard 8.2kΩ resistor should be used for R2.
6. Verify the trip voltages and hysteresis as:
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VTHR = VREF x R1[(1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/R3)]
(EQ 6)
VTHF = VTHR - (R1 x VCC/R3)
(EQ 7)
Hysteresis = VTHR - VTHF
(EQ 8)
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - A p p l i c a t i o n I n f o r m a t i o n
Additional Hysteresis (AS1977)
Additional hysteresis can be added to the AS1977 and AS1979 with 4 resistors and positive feedback (see Figure 28).
Figure 28. AS1977 Additional Hysteresis
VCC
R3
R4
R1
VIN
+
–
R2
VCC
OUT
VEE
VREF
Resistor Selection Example
For the circuit shown in Figure 28, use the following steps to calculate values for R1, R2, R3, and R4.
1. Select R3 according to one of these formulas:
R3 = VREF/1µA
(EQ 9)
R3 = (VCC - VREF)/1µA - R4
(EQ 10)
Use the smaller of the two resulting resistor values for R3.
2. Choose the hysteresis band required (VHB).
3. Calculate R1 as:
R1 = (R3 + R4)(VHB/VCC)
(EQ 11)
4. Choose the trip point for VIN rising (VTHR).
5. Calculate R2 as:
R2 = 1/[VTHR/(VREF x R1) - (1/R1) - 1/R3]
(EQ 12)
6. Verify the trip voltages and hysteresis as:
VIN rising: VTHR = VREF[R1(1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3)]
(EQ 13)
VIN falling: VTHF = VREF[R1(1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/(R3+R4))] - [1/(R3+R4)]VCC
(EQ 14)
Hysteresis = VTHR - VTHF
(EQ 15)
Zero-Crossing Detector
Figure 29 shows the AS1976 in a zero-crossing detector circuit. The inverting input (IN-) is connected to ground, and
the non-inverting input (IN+) is connected to a 100mVp-p signal source. When the signal at IN- crosses 0V, the signal
at OUT changes states.
Figure 29. Zero Crossing Detector
100mVp-p
3
IN+
4
+
–
1
OUT
IN5
AS1976
2
VCC
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VEE
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - A p p l i c a t i o n I n f o r m a t i o n
Logic-Level Translation
The AS1977 can be used as a 5V-to-3V logic translator. Figure 30 shows an application that converts 5V- to 3V-logic
levels, and provides the full 5V logic-swing without creating overvoltage on the 3V logic inputs.
Note: When the comparator is powered by a 5V supply, RPULUP for the open-drain output should be connected to the
+3V supply voltage.
For 3V-to-5V logic-level translations, connect the +3V supply voltage to VCC and the +5V supply voltage to RPULUP.
Figure 30. AS1977 Logic-Level Translation Circuit
+3/+5V
5
+3/+5V
VCC
RPullup
100kΩ
4
REF
100kΩ
+5/+3V
Logic In
1
AS1977
3
OUT
+5/+3V
Logic Out
2
IN+
VEE
Logic-Level Translator
Layout Considerations
The AS1976/AS1977 requires proper layout and design techniques for optimum performance.
!
!
!
!
Power-supply bypass capacitors are not typically required, although 100nF bypass capacitors should be placed
close to the AS1976/AS1977 supply pins when supply impedance is high, leads are long, or for excessive noise on
the supply lines.
Minimize signal trace lengths to reduce stray capacitance.
A ground plane should be used.
Surface-mount components should be used whenever practical.
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - P a c k a g e D r a w i n g s a n d M a r k i n g s
10 Package Drawings and Markings
The AS1976/AS1977 are available in a 5-pin SOT23 package.
Figure 31. 5-pin SOT23 Package
Symbol
A
A1
A2
b
C
D
E
E1
L
e
e1
α
Min
Max
0.90
1.45
0.00
0.15
0.90
1.30
0.30
0.50
0.09
0.20
2.80
3.05
2.60
3.00
1.50
1.75
0.30
0.55
0.95 REF
1.90 REF
0º
8º
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Controlling dimension is millimeters.
Foot length measured at intercept point between datum A and lead surface.
Package outline exclusive of mold flash and metal burr.
Package outline inclusive of solder plating.
Meets JEDEC MO178.
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet - O r d e r i n g I n f o r m a t i o n
11 Ordering Information
The devices are available as the standard products shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Ordering Information
Type
Marking
Description
Output Type
Delivery Form
Package
AS1976
ASI9
Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator
Push/Pull
Tube
5-pin SOT23
AS1976-T
ASI9
Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator
Push/Pull
Tape and Reel
5-pin SOT23
AS1977
ASJA
Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator
Open-Drain
Tube
5-pin SOT23
AS1977-T
ASJA
Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator
Open-Drain
Tape and Reel
5-pin SOT23
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AS1976/AS1977
Data Sheet
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Copyright © 1997-2007, austriamicrosystems AG, Schloss Premstaetten, 8141 Unterpremstaetten, Austria-Europe.
Trademarks Registered ®. All rights reserved. The material herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner.
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Disclaimer
Devices sold by austriamicrosystems AG are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing
in its Term of Sale. austriamicrosystems AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding
the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. austriamicrosystems AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior
to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with austriamicrosystems AG for current information.
This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature
range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or lifesustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by austriamicrosystems AG for
each application. For shipments of less than 100 parts the manufacturing flow might show deviations from the standard
production flow, such as test flow or test location.
The information furnished here by austriamicrosystems AG is believed to be correct and accurate. However,
austriamicrosystems AG shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to
personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or indirect, special, incidental or
consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of
austriamicrosystems AG rendering of technical or other services.
Contact Information
Headquarters
austriamicrosystems AG
A-8141 Schloss Premstaetten, Austria
Tel: +43 (0) 3136 500 0
Fax: +43 (0) 3136 525 01
For Sales Offices, Distributors and Representatives, please visit:
http://www.austriamicrosystems.com/contact
www.austriamicrosystems.com
Revision 1.01
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