NCP7800 1.0 A Positive Voltage Regulators The NCP7800 series consists of 3 pin, fixed output, positive linear voltage regulators, suitable for a wide variety of applications. These regulators are extremely rugged, incorporating internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe-area compensation. With adequate heat sinking they can deliver output currents in excess of 1.0 A. Designed as direct replacements for the popular MC7800 family, these products offer enhanced ESD protection. http://onsemi.com Features • • • • • • • • • • Output Current in Excess of 1.0 A No External Components Required Internal Thermal Overload Protection Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Output Transistor Safe−Area Compensation Output Voltage Offered in 4% Tolerance Available in Standard 3−Lead Transistor Packages For Tighter Tolerances and Extended Operating Range Refer to MC7800 Enhanced ESD Tolerance: HBM Exceeds 4 kV and MM Exceeds 400 V These are Pb−Free Devices Input NCP78XX Cin* 0.33 mF 1 2 3 TO−220−3 T SUFFIX CASE 221AB PIN CONNECTIONS Pin 1. Input 2. Ground 3. Output Heatsink surface connected to Pin 2 Output CO** MARKING DIAGRAM A common ground is required between the input and the output voltages. The input voltage must remain typically 2.0 V above the output voltage even during the low point on the input ripple voltage. 78xxT AWLYWWG XX These two digits of the type number indicate nominal voltage. * Cin is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter. xx A WL, L Y WW G = 05 = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week = Pb−Free Device ORDERING INFORMATION ** CO is not needed for stability; however, it does improve transient response. Values of less than 0.1 mF could cause instability. See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 8 of this data sheet. Figure 1. Application Schematic © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2009 October, 2009 − Rev. 0 1 Publication Order Number: NCP7800/D NCP7800 Figure 2. Simplified Block Diagram Table 1. PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION Pin No. Pin Name Description 1 Vin 2 GND Power Supply Ground; Device Substrate. 3 Vout Regulated Output Voltage. Positive Power Supply Input. http://onsemi.com 2 NCP7800 Table 2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) Rating Input Voltage Range Symbol Value Unit Vin −0.3 to 35 V PD Internally Limited W TJ(max) 150 °C (for Vout: 5.0 − 15 V) Power Dissipation Maximum Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Tstg −65 to +150 °C ESD Capability, Human Body Model (Note 2) ESDHBM 4 kV ESD Capability, Machine Model (Note 2) ESDMM 400 V Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. 1. Refer to ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS and APPLICATION INFORMATION for Safe Operating Area. 2. This device series incorporates ESD protection and is tested by the following methods: ESD Human Body Model tested per EIA/JESD22−A114 ESD Machine Model tested per EIA/JESD22−A115 Latchup Current Maximum Rating: ≤150 mA per JEDEC standard: JESD78 Table 3. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Rating Symbol Value RqJC RqJA 7.5 65 Thermal Characteristics, TO220 (Note 3) Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Case Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Air (Note 4) Unit °C/W 3. Refer to ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS and APPLICATION INFORMATION for Safe Operating Area. 4. Value based on thermal measurement in a test socket. Table 4. OPERATING RANGES (Note 5) Rating Input Voltage (Note 6) Symbol Min Vin 7.0 35 V TJ 0 125 °C (for Vout: 5.0 − 15 V) Junction Temperature 5. Refer to ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS and APPLICATION INFORMATION for Safe Operating Area. 6. Minimum Vin = 7.0 V or (Vout + VDO), whichever is higher. http://onsemi.com 3 Max Unit NCP7800 Table 5. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Vin = 10 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = °C to 125°C, unless otherwise noted) (Note 7) NCP7805 Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage (TJ = 25°C) VO 4.8 5.0 5.2 Vdc Output Voltage (5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1.0 A, PD ≤ 15 W) 7.0 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 20 Vdc VO 4.75 5.0 5.25 − − 1.1 0.6 100 50 − − 1.5 2.9 50 100 − 3.0 8 − − 0.28 0.07 1.3 0.5 Characteristic Line Regulation (TJ = 25°C) 7.5 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 20 Vdc 8.0 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 12 Vdc Regline Load Regulation (TJ = 25°C) 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1.0 A 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1.5 A Regload Quiescent Current (TJ = 25°C) IB Vdc mV mV mA Quiescent Current Change 7.0 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 25 Vdc 5.0 mA ≤ IO ≤ 1.0 A DIB Ripple Rejection (Note 8) 8.0 Vdc ≤ Vin ≤ 18 Vdc, f = 120 Hz RR 62 75 − VI − VO − 2.0 − Vdc Vn − 6.8 − mV/VO Output Resistance f = 1.0 kHz (Note 8) rO − 0.9 − mW Short Circuit Current Limit (TJ = 25°C) (Note 8) Vin = 35 Vdc ISC − 0.3 − A Peak Output Current (TJ = 25°C) (Note 8) Imax − 2.4 − A TCVO − 0.13 − mV/°C Dropout Voltage (IO = 1.0 A, TJ = 25°C) (Note 8) Output Noise Voltage (TJ = 25°C) (Note 8) 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz Average Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage (Note 8) mA dB 7. Performance guaranteed over the indicated operating temperature range by design and/or characterization, production tested at TJ = TA = 25°C. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during testing to maintain the junction temperature as close to ambient as possible. 8. Value based on design and/or characterization. http://onsemi.com 4 NCP7800 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 80 2.5 RR, RIPPLE REJECTION (dB) IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 3.0 TJ = 0°C 2.0 TJ = 25°C 1.5 TJ = 125°C 1.0 0.5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 35 30 60 Vin = 8.0 V to 18 V IO = 500 mA TA = 25°C 50 40 30 40 0.01 0.1 1 10 Vin − Vout, INPUT/OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) f, FREQUENCY (kHz) Figure 3. Peak Output Current as a Function of Input/Output Differential Voltage Figure 4. Ripple Rejection as a Function of Frequency 5.10 6 IB, QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) VO, OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 70 Vin = 20 V IO = 5.0 mA 5.05 5.00 4.95 4.90 4.85 4.80 −60 −20 20 60 100 140 Vin = 10 V VO = 5.0 V IL = 20 mA 5 4 3 2 1 0 −50 180 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 5. Output Voltage as a Function of Junction Temperature (NCP7805) Figure 6. Quiescent Current as a Function of Temperature http://onsemi.com 5 NCP7800 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Design Considerations input bypass capacitor should be selected to provide good high−frequency characteristics to insure stable operation under all load conditions. A 0.33 mF or larger tantalum, mylar, or other capacitor having low internal impedance at high frequencies should be chosen. The bypass capacitor should be mounted with the shortest possible leads directly across the regulators input terminals. Normally good construction techniques should be used to minimize ground loops and lead resistance drops since the regulator has no external sense lead. The NCP7800 Series of fixed voltage regulators are designed with Thermal Overload Protection that shuts down the circuit when subjected to an excessive power overload condition, Internal Short Circuit Protection that limits the maximum current the circuit will pass, and Output Transistor Safe−Area Compensation that reduces the output short circuit current as the voltage across the pass transistor is increased. In many low current applications, compensation capacitors are not required. However, it is recommended that the regulator input be bypassed with a capacitor if the regulator is connected to the power supply filter with long wire lengths, or if the output load capacitance is large. An NCP7805 Input 0.33 mF R IO Constant Current to Grounded Load Output NCP7805 Input 0.33 mF The NCP7800 regulators can also be used as a current source when connected as above. In order to minimize dissipation the NCP7805 is chosen in this application. Resistor R determines the current as follows: 0.1 mF + 1.0 k 5.0V I + )I B O R 10 k MC34072V VO = 7.0 V to 20 V VIN ≥ VO + 2.0 V IB ^ 3.2 mA over line and load changes. For example, a 1.0 A current source would require R to be a 5.0 W, 10 W resistor and the output voltage compliance would be the input voltage less 7.0 V. The addition of an operational amplifier allows adjustment to higher or intermediate values while retaining regulation characteristics. The minimum voltage obtainable with this arrangement is 2.0 V greater than the regulator voltage. Figure 7. Current Regulator Figure 8. Adjustable Output Regulator RSource MJ2955 or Equiv. Input Input 0.33 mF R RSC RSource NCP78XX 0.33 mF 2N6049 or Equiv. Output R ≥ 10 mF 1.0 mF MJ2955 or Equiv. 1.0 mF ≥ 10 mF NCP78XX 1.0 mF Output XX = 2 digits of type number indicating voltage. XX = 2 digits of type number indicating voltage. The NCP7800 series can be current boosted with a PNP transistor. The MJ2955 provides current to 5.0 A. Resistor R in conjunction with the VBE of the PNP determines when the pass transistor begins conducting; this circuit is not short circuit proof. Input/output differential voltage minimum is increased by VBE of the pass transistor. The circuit of Figure 9 can be modified to provide supply protection against short circuits by adding a short circuit sense resistor, RSC, and an additional PNP transistor. The current sensing PNP must be able to handle the short circuit current of the three-terminal regulator. Therefore, a four-ampere plastic power transistor is specified. Figure 9. Current Boost Regulator Figure 10. Short Circuit Protection http://onsemi.com 6 NCP7800 2.5 20 PD , POWER DISSIPATION (W) Vin - Vout , INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V) qHS = 0°C/W 16 qHS = 5°C/W 12 qHS = 15°C/W 8.0 4.0 0 -50 qJC = 7.5°C/W qJA = 65°C/W TJ(max) = 150°C No Heatsink -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 IO = 500 mA IO = 200 mA IO = 20 mA 1.5 IO = 0 mA 1.0 DVO = 2% of VO 0.5 0 -75 150 IO = 1.0 A 2.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 11. Worst Case Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature (TO−220) Figure 12. Input Output Differential as a Function of Junction Temperature Protection Diode several milliseconds. In this case a damage may occur to the regulator. To protect the regulator the external bypass diode connected between output and input is recommended. The protection diode should be rated for sufficient peak current. The NCP7800 Series has internal low impedance (about 1 W) diode path that normally does not require protection when used in the typical regulator applications. The path connects between output and input and it can withstand a peak surge current of about 5 A for a reasonable time (several milliseconds). Normal cycling of Vin cannot generate a current surge of this magnitude for too long time since output capacitor discharges from output to input and follows input voltage therefore the magnitude of reverse current is not so high. However, when Vin is shorted or crowbarred to ground and output cap is too large and moreover if higher voltage option is used then the peak of reverse current is much higher than 5 A and lasts more than Protection Diode Input Cin NCP78XX Output Cout Figure 13. Protection Diode Placement http://onsemi.com 7 NCP7800 DEFINITIONS Quiescent Current − That part of the input current that is not delivered to the load. Output Noise Voltage − The rms ac voltage at the output, with constant load and no input ripple, measured over a specified frequency range. Long Term Stability − Output voltage stability under accelerated life test conditions with the maximum rated voltage listed in the devices’ electrical characteristics and maximum power dissipation. Line Regulation − The change in output voltage for a change in the input voltage. The measurement is made under conditions of low dissipation or by using pulse techniques such that the average chip temperature is not significantly affected. Load Regulation − The change in output voltage for a change in load current at constant chip temperature. Maximum Power Dissipation − The maximum total device dissipation for which the regulator will operate within specifications. ORDERING INFORMATION Device NCP7805TG Nominal Voltage Operating Temperature Range 5.0 V TJ = 0°C to +125°C Package Shipping† TO 220 (Pb−Free) 50 Units / Rail †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. http://onsemi.com 8 NCP7800 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TO−220, SINGLE GAUGE T SUFFIX CASE 221AB−01 ISSUE O −T− B F T SEATING PLANE C S 4 DIM A B C D F G H J K L N Q R S T U V Z A Q U 1 2 3 H K Z L R V NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION Z DEFINES A ZONE WHERE ALL BODY AND LEAD IRREGULARITIES ARE ALLOWED. J G D N INCHES MIN MAX 0.570 0.620 0.380 0.405 0.160 0.190 0.025 0.035 0.142 0.147 0.095 0.105 0.110 0.155 0.018 0.025 0.500 0.562 0.045 0.060 0.190 0.210 0.100 0.120 0.080 0.110 0.020 0.055 0.235 0.255 0.000 0.050 0.045 ----0.080 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 14.48 15.75 9.66 10.28 4.07 4.82 0.64 0.88 3.61 3.73 2.42 2.66 2.80 3.93 0.46 0.64 12.70 14.27 1.15 1.52 4.83 5.33 2.54 3.04 2.04 2.79 0.508 1.39 5.97 6.47 0.00 1.27 1.15 ----2.04 ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. 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