[ /Title (80C88 ) /Subject (CMO S 8/16Bit Microprocessor) /Autho r () /Keywords (Intersil Corporation, 8/16 Bit uP, microprocessor, 8 bit, 16 bit, 8bit, 16bit, 8088, PC) /Creator () 80C88 CMOS 8/16-Bit Microprocessor March 1997 Features Description • Compatible with NMOS 8088 The Intersil 80C88 high performance 8/16-bit CMOS CPU is manufactured using a self-aligned silicon gate CMOS process (Scaled SAJI IV). Two modes of operation, MINimum for small systems and MAXimum for larger applications such as multiprocessing, allow user configuration to achieve the highest performance level. • Direct Software Compatibility with 80C86, 8086, 8088 • 8-Bit Data Bus Interface; 16-Bit Internal Architecture • Completely Static CMOS Design - DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5MHz (80C88) - DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8MHz (80C88-2) • Low Power Operation - ICCSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500µA Maximum - ICCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10mA/MHz Maximum • 1 Megabyte of Direct Memory Addressing Capability Full TTL compatibility (with the exception of CLOCK) and industry-standard operation allow use of existing NMOS 8088 hardware and Intersil CMOS peripherals. Complete software compatibility with the 80C86, 8086, and 8088 microprocessors allows use of existing software in new designs. • 24 Operand Addressing Modes • Bit, Byte, Word, and Block Move Operations • 8-Bit and 16-Bit Signed/Unsigned Arithmetic • Bus-Hold Circuitry Eliminates Pull-up Resistors • Wide Operating Temperature Ranges - C80C88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to + 70oC - I80C88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC - M80C88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC Ordering Information PACKAGE Plastic DIP PLCC CERDIP SMD# LCC SMD# TEMPERATURE RANGE 5MHz 8MHz PKG. NO. 0oC to +70oC CP80C88 CP80C88-2 E40.6 -40oC to +85oC IP80C88 IP80C88-2 E40.6 0oC to +70oC CS80C88 CS80C88-2 N44.65 -40oC to +85oC lS80C88 IS80C88-2 N44.65 0oC to +70oC CD80C88 CD80C88-2 F40.6 -40oC to +85oC ID80C88 ID80C88-2 F40.6 -55oC to +125oC MD80C88/B MD80C88-2/B F40.6 -55oC to +125oC 5962-8601601QA - F40.6 -55oC to +125oC MR80C88/B MR80C88-2/B J44.A -55oC to +125oC 5962-8601601XA - J44.A CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. http://www.intersil.com or 407-727-9207 | Copyright © Intersil Corporation 1999 3-1 File Number 2949.1 80C88 Pinouts 80C88 (DIP) TOP VIEW GND 1 MIN MODE 40 VCC MAX MODE A14 2 39 A15 A13 3 38 A16/S3 A12 4 37 A17/S4 A11 5 36 A18/S5 A10 6 35 A19/S6 A9 7 34 SS0 A8 8 33 MN/MX AD7 9 32 RD AD6 10 31 HOLD (RQ/GT0) AD5 11 30 HLDA (RQ/GT1) AD4 12 29 WR (LOCK) AD3 13 28 IO/M (S2) AD2 14 27 DT/R (S1) AD1 15 26 DEN (S0) AD0 16 25 ALE (QS0) NMI 17 24 INTA (QS1) INTR 18 23 TEST CLK 19 22 READY GND 20 21 RESET (HIGH) A10 A9 A10 A9 NC VCC A17/S4 A18/S5 GND A17/S4 A18/S5 NC VCC A14 A15 A14 GND A13 A16/S3 A13 A12 A15 A11 A12 A11 6 5 4 3 2 1 44 43 42 41 40 MAX MODE 80C88 MIN MODE 80C88 A16/S3 80C88 (PLCC/LCC) TOP VIEW 7 39 8 38 NC A19/S6 NC A19/S6 A8 A8 9 37 SS0 (HIGH) AD7 AD7 10 36 MN/MX MN/MX AD6 AD6 11 35 RD RD AD5 AD5 12 34 HOLD RQ/GT0 AD4 AD4 13 33 HLDA RQ/GT1 AD3 AD3 14 32 WR LOCK AD2 AD2 15 31 IO/M S2 AD1 AD0 AD1 AD0 16 30 17 29 DT/R DEN S1 S0 READY TEST INTA ALE READY TEST QS1 QS0 NC GND GND RESET CLK CLK NC 3-2 RESET INTR INTR NC NMI NC NMI 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 MIN MODE 80C88 MAX MODE 80C88 80C88 Functional Diagram EXECUTION UNIT REGISTER FILE BUS INTERFACE UNIT RELOCATION REGISTER FILE DATA POINTER AND INDEX REGS (8 WORDS) SEGMENT REGISTERS AND INSTRUCTION POINTER (5 WORDS) SSO/HIGH 16-BIT ALU 4 A19/S6. . . A16/S3 8 AD7-AD0 8 A8-A15 3 INTA, RD, WR 4 DT/R, DEN, ALE, IO/M FLAGS BUS INTERFACE UNIT 4-BYTE INSTRUCTION QUEUE TEST INTR NMI RQ/GT0, 1 LOCK CONTROL AND TIMING 2 HOLD HLDA CLK 2 QS0, QS1 3 S2, S1, S0 3 RESET READY MN/MX GND VCC MEMORY INTERFACE C-BUS B-BUS INSTRUCTION STREAM BYTE QUEUE ES CS BUS INTERFACE UNIT SS DS IP EXECUTION UNIT CONTROL SYSTEM A-BUS AH BH AL BL CL CH EXECUTION UNIT ARITHMETIC/ LOGIC UNIT DL DH SP BP SI FLAGS DI 3-3 80C88 Pin Description The following pin function descriptions are for 80C88 systems in either minimum or maximum mode. The “local bus” in these descriptions is the direct multiplexed bus interface connection to the 80C88 (without regard to additional bus buffers). SYMBOL PIN NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION AD7-AD0 9-16 I/O ADDRESS DATA BUS: These lines constitute the time multiplexed memory/IO address (T1) and data (T2,T3,Tw and T4) bus. These lines are active HIGH and are held at high impedance to the last valid level during interrupt acknowledge and local bus “hold acknowledge” or “grant sequence” A15-A8 2-8, 39 O ADDRESS BUS: These lines provide address bits 8 through 15 for the entire bus cycle (T1-T4). These lines do not have to be latched by ALE to remain valid. A15-A8 are active HIGH and are held at high impedance to the last valid logic level during interrupt acknowledge and local bus “hold acknowledge” or “grant sequence”. A19/S6, A18/S5, A17/S4, A16/S3 35 36 37 38 O O O O ADDRESS/STATUS: During T1, these are the four most significant address lines for memory operations. During I/O operations, these lines are LOW. During memory and I/O operations, status information is available on these lines during T2, T3, TW and T4. S6 is always LOW. The status of the interrupt enable flag bit (S5) is updated at the beginning of each clock cycle. S4 and S3 are encoded as shown. This information indicates which segment register is presently being used for data accessing. These lines are held at high impedance to the last valid logic level during local bus “hold acknowledge” or “grant Sequence”. S4 S3 CHARACTERISTICS 0 0 Alternate Data 0 1 Stack 1 0 Code or None 1 1 Data RD 32 O READ: Read strobe indicates that the processor is performing a memory or I/O read cycle, depending on the state of the IO/M pin or S2. This signal is used to read devices which reside on the 80C88 local bus. RD is active LOW during T2, T3, Tw of any read cycle, and is guaranteed to remain HIGH in T2 until the 80C88 local bus has floated. This line is held at a high impedance logic one state during “hold acknowledge” or “grant sequence”. READY 22 I READY: is the acknowledgment from the address memory or I/O device that it will complete the data transfer. The RDY signal from memory or I/O is synchronized by the 82C84A clock generator to from READY. This signal is active HIGH. The 80C88 READY input is not synchronized. Correct operation is not guaranteed if the set up and hold times are not met. INTR 18 I INTERRUPT REQUEST: is a level triggered input which is sampled during the last clock cycle of each instruction to determine if the processor should enter into an interrupt acknowledge operation. A subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup table located in system memory. It can be internally masked by software resetting the interrupt enable bit. INTR is internally synchronized. This signal is active HIGH. TEST 23 I TEST: input is examined by the “wait for test” instruction. If the TEST input is LOW, execution continues, otherwise the processor waits in an “idle” state. This input is synchronized internally during each clock cycle on the leading edge of CLK. NMI 17 I NONMASKABLE INTERRUPT: is an edge triggered input which causes a type 2 interrupt. A subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup table located in system memory. NMI is not maskable internally by software. A transition from a LOW to HIGH initiates the interrupt at the end of the current instruction. This input is internally synchronized. RESET 21 I RESET: cases the processor to immediately terminate its present activity. The signal must transition LOW to HIGH and remain active HIGH for at least four clock cycles. It restarts execution, as described in the instruction set description, when RESET returns LOW. RESET is internally synchronized. CLK 19 I CLOCK: provides the basic timing for the processor and bus controller. It is asymmetric with a 33% duty cycle to provide optimized internal timing. VCC 40 VCC: is the +5V power supply pin. A 0.1µF capacitor between pins 20 and 40 recommended for decoupling. GND 1, 20 GND: are the ground pins (both pins must be connected to system ground). A 0.1µF capacitor between pins 1 and 20 is recommended for decoupling. MN/MX 33‘ I MINIMUM/MAXIMUM: indicates the mode in which the processor is to operate. The two modes are discussed in the following sections. 3-4 80C88 Pin Description (Continued) The following pin function descriptions are for 80C88 system in minimum mode (i.e., MN/MX = VCC). Only the pin functions which are unique to the minimum mode are described; all other pin functions are as described above. MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM SYMBOL PIN NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION IO/M 28 O STATUS LINE: is an inverted maximum mode S2. It is used to distinguish a memory access from an I/O access. IO/M becomes valid in the T4 preceding a bus cycle and remains valid until the final T4 of the cycle (I/O = HIGH, M = LOW). IO/M is held to a high impedance logic one during local bus “hold acknowledge”. WR 29 O Write: strobe indicates that the processor is performing a write memory or write I/O cycle, depending on the state of the IO/M signal. WR is active for T2, T3, and Tw of any write cycle. It is active LOW, and is held to high impedance logic one during local bus “hold acknowledge”. INTA 24 O INTA: is used as a read strobe for interrupt acknowledge cycles. It is active LOW during T2, T3 and Tw of each interrupt acknowledge cycle. Note that INTA is never floated. ALE 25 O ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE: is provided by the processor to latch the address into the 82C82/82C83 address latch. It is a HIGH pulse active during clock low of T1 of any bus cycle. Note that ALE is never floated. DT/R 27 O DATA TRANSMIT/RECEIVE: is needed in a minimum system that desires to use an 82C86/82C87 data bus transceiver. It is used to control the direction of data flow through the transceiver. Logically, DT/R is equivalent to S1 in the maximum mode, and its timing is the same as for IO/M (T = HIGH, R = LOW). This signal is held to a high impedance logic one during local bus “hold acknowledge”. DEN 26 O DATA ENABLE: is provided as an output enable for the 82C86/82C87 in a minimum system which uses the transceiver. DEN is active LOW during each memory and I/O access, and for INTA cycles. For a read or INTA cycle, it is active from the middle of T2 until the middle of T4, while for a write cycle, it is active from the beginning of T2 until the middle of T4. DEN is held to high impedance logic one during local bus “hold acknowledge”. HOLD, HLDA 31 30 I O HOLD: indicates that another master is requesting a local bus “hold”. To be acknowledged, HOLD must be active HIGH. The processor receiving the “hold” request will issue HLDA (HIGH) as an acknowledgment, in the middle of a T4 or T1 clock cycle. Simultaneous with the issuance of HLDA the processor will float the local bus and control lines. After HOLD is detected as being LOW, the processor lowers HLDA, and when the processor needs to run another cycle, it will again drive the local bus and control lines. Hold is not an asynchronous input. External synchronization should be provided if the system cannot otherwise guarantee the set up time. SS0 34 O STATUS LINE: is logically equivalent to S0 in the maximum mode. The combination of SS0, IO/M and DT/R allows the system to completely decode the current bus cycle status. SS0 is held to high impedance logic one during local bus “hold acknowledge”. 3-5 IO/M DT/R SS0 CHARACTERISTICS 1 0 0 Interrupt Acknowledge 1 0 1 Read I/O Port 1 1 0 Write I/O Port 1 1 1 Halt 0 0 0 Code Access 0 0 1 Read Memory 0 1 0 Write Memory 0 1 1 Passive 80C88 Pin Description (Continued) The following pin function descriptions are for 80C88 system in maximum mode (i.e., MN/MX = GND). Only the pin functions which are unique to the maximum mode are described; all other pin functions are as described above. MAXIMUM MODE SYSTEM SYMBOL PIN NUMBER TYPE S0 S1 S2 26 27 28 O O O DESCRIPTION STATUS: is active during clock high of T4, T1 and T2, and is returned to the passive state (1, 1, 1) during T3 or during Tw when READY is HIGH. This status is used by the 82C88 bus controller to generate all memory and I/O access control signals. Any change by S2, S1 or S0 during T4 is used to indicate the beginning of a bus cycle, and the return to the passive state in T3 or Tw is used to indicate the end of a bus cycle. These signals are held at a high impedance logic one state during “grant sequence”. S2 S1 S0 CHARACTERISTICS 0 0 0 Interrupt Acknowledge 0 0 1 Read I/O Port 0 1 0 Write I/O Port 0 1 1 Halt 1 0 0 Code Access 1 0 1 Read Memory 1 1 0 Write Memory 1 1 1 Passive RQ/GT0, RQ/GT1 31 30 I/O REQUEST/GRANT: pins are used by other local bus masters to force the processor to release the local bus at the end of the processor’s current bus cycle. Each pin is bidirectional with RQ/GT0 having higher priority than RQ/GT1. RQ/GT has internal bus-hold high circuitry and, if unused, may be left unconnected. The request/grant sequence is as follows (see RQ/GT Timing Sequence): 1. A pulse of one CLK wide from another local bus master indicates a local bus request (“hold”) to the 80C88 (pulse 1). 2. During a T4 or T1 clock cycle, a pulse one clock wide from the 80C88 to the requesting master (pulse 2), indicates that the 80C88 has allowed the local bus to float and that it will enter the “grant sequence” state at the next CLK. The CPUs bus interface unit is disconnected logically from the local bus during “grant sequence”. 3. A pulse one CLK wide from the requesting master indicates to the 80C88 (pulse 3) that the “hold” request is about to end and that the 80C88 can reclaim the local bus at the next CLK. The CPU then enters T4 (or T1 if no bus cycles pending). Each master-master exchange of the local bus is a sequence of three pulses. There must be one idle CLK cycle after bus exchange. Pulses are active LOW. If the request is made while the CPU is performing a memory cycle, it will release the local bus during T4 of the cycle when all the following conjugations are met: 1. Request occurs on or before T2. 2. Current cycle is not the low bit of a word. 3. Current cycle is not the first acknowledge of an interrupt acknowledge sequence. 4. A locked instruction is not currently executing. If the local bus is idle when the request is made the two possible events will follow: 1. Local bus will be released during the next clock. 2. A memory cycle will start within 3 clocks. Now the four rules for a currently active memory cycle apply with condition number 1 already satisfied. LOCK 29 O LOCK: indicates that other system bus masters are not to gain control of the system bus while LOCK is active (LOW). The LOCK signal is activated by the “LOCK” prefix instruction and remains active until the completion of the next instruction. This signal is active LOW, and is held at a high impedance logic one state during “grant sequence”. In Max Mode, LOCK is automatically generated during T2 of the first INTA cycle and removed during T2 of the second INTA cycle. QS1, QS0 24, 25 O QUEUE STATUS: provide status to allow external tracking of the internal 80C88 instruction queue. The queue status is valid during the CLK cycle after which the queue operation is performed. Note that the queue status never goes to a high impedance statue (floated). - 34 O QS1 QS0 CHARACTERISTICS 0 0 No Operation 0 1 First Byte of Opcode from Queue 1 0 Empty the Queue 1 1 Subsequent Byte from Queue Pin 34 is always a logic one in the maximum mode and is held at a high impedance logic one during a “grant sequence”. 3-6 80C88 Functional Description Static Operation All 80C88 circuitry is static in design. Internal registers, counters and latches are static and require not refresh as with dynamic circuit design. This eliminates the minimum operating frequency restriction placed on other microprocessors. The CMOS 80C88 can operate from DC to the specified upper frequency limit. The processor clock may be stopped in either state (high/low) and held there indefinitely. This type of operation is especially useful for system debug or power critical applications. as a linear array of up to 1 million bytes, addressed as 00000(H) to FFFFF(H). The memory is logically divided into code, data, extra, and stack segments of up to 64K bytes each, with each segment falling on 16 byte boundaries. (See Figure 1). 7 0 FFFFFH 64K-BIT CODE SEGMENT XXXXOH The 80C88 can be single stepped using only the CPU clock. This state can be maintained as long as is necessary. Single step clock operation allows simple interface circuitry to provide critical information for start-up. STACK SEGMENT + OFFSET SEGMENT REGISTER FILE Static design also allows very low frequency operation (as low as DC). In a power critical situation, this can provide extremely low power operation since 80C88 power dissipation is directly related to operation frequency. As the system frequency is reduced, so is the operating power until, at a DC input frequency, the power requirement is the 80C88 standby current. SS LSB BYTE DS MSB CS WORD DATA SEGMENT ES EXTRA SEGMENT Internal Architecture 00000H The internal functions of the 80C88 processor are partitioned logically into two processing units. The first is the Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and the second is the Execution Unit (EU) as shown in the CPU block diagram. These units can interact directly but for the most part perform as separate asynchronous operational processors. The bus interface unit provides the functions related to instruction fetching and queuing, operand fetch and store, and address relocation. This unit also provides the basic bus control. The overlap of instruction pre-fetching provided by this unit serves to increase processor performance through improved bus bandwidth utilization. Up to 4 bytes of the instruction stream can be queued while waiting for decoding and execution. FIGURE 14. MEMORY ORGANIZATION All memory references are made relative to base addresses contained in high speed segment registers. The segment types were chosen based on the addressing needs of programs. The segment register to be selected is automatically chosen according to specific rules as shown in Table 1. All information in one segment type share the same logical attributes (e.g., code or data). By structuring memory into relocatable areas of similar characteristics and by automatically selecting segment registers, programs are shorter, faster, and more structured. TABLE 6. The instruction stream queuing mechanism allows the BIU to keep the memory utilized very efficiently. Whenever there is space for at least 1 byte in the queue, the BIU will attempt a byte fetch memory cycle. This greatly reduces “dead time”: on the memory bus. The queue acts as a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) buffer, from which the EU extracts instruction bytes as required. If the queue is empty (following a branch instruction, for example), the first byte into the queue immediately becomes available to the EU. The processor provides a 20-bit address to memory which locates the byte being referenced. The memory is organized SEGMENT REGISTER USED Instructions CODE (CS) Automatic with all instruction prefetch. Stack STACK (SS) All stack pushes and pops. Memory references relative to BP base register except data references. Local Data The execution unit receives pre-fetched instructions from the BIU queue and provides unrelocated operand addresses to the BIU. Memory operands are passed through the BIU for processing by the EU, which passes results to the BIU for storage. Memory Organization MEMORY REFERENCE NEED External Data (Global) DATA (DS) EXTRA (ES) SEGMENT SELECTION RULE Data references when: relative to stack, destination of string operation, or explicitly overridden. Destination of string operations: Explicitly selected using a segment override. Word (16-bit) operands can be located on even or odd address boundaries. For address and data operands, the least significant byte of the word is stored in the lower valued address location and the most significant byte in the next higher address location. 3-7 80C88 The BIU will automatically execute two fetch or write cycles for 16-bit operands. Certain locations in memory are reserved for specific CPU operations. (See Figure 2). Locations from addresses FFFF0H through FFFFFH are reserved for operations including a jump to initial system initialization routine. Following RESET, the CPU will always begin execution at location FFFF0H where the jump must be located. Locations 00000H through 003FFH are reserved for interrupt operations. Each of the 256 possible interrupt service routines is accessed through its own pair of 16-bit pointers - segment address pointer and offset address pointer. The first pointer, used as the offset address, is loaded into the IP, and the second pointer, which designates the base address, is loaded into the CS. At this point program control is transferred to the interrupt routine. The pointer elements are assumed to have been stored at their respective places in reserved memory prior to the occurrence of interrupts. Minimum and Maximum Modes The requirements for supporting minimum and maximum 80C88 systems are sufficiently different that they cannot be done efficiently with 40 uniquely defined pins. Consequently, the 80C88 is equipped with a strap pin (MN/MX) which defines the system configuration. The definition of a certain subset of the pins changes, dependent on the condition of FFFFFH FFFF0H RESERVED INTERRUPT POINTERS (27) DEDICATED INTERRUPT POINTERS (5) The minimum mode 80C88 can be used with either a muliplexed or demultiplexed bus. This architecture provides the 80C88 processing power in a highly integrated form. The demultiplexed mode requires one latch (for 64K addressability) or two latches (for a full megabyte of addressing). An 82C86 or 82C87 transceiver can also be used if data bus buffering is required. (See Figure 3). The 80C88 provides DEN and DT/R to control the transceiver, and ALE to latch the addresses. This configuration of the minimum mode provides the standard demultiplexed bus structure with heavy bus buffering and relaxed bus timing requirements. The maximum mode employs the 82C88 bus controller (See Figure 4). The 82C88 decode status lines S0, S1 and S2, and provides the system with all bus control signals. Moving the bus control to the 82C88 provides better source and sink current capability to the control lines, and frees the 80C88 pins for extended large system features. Hardware lock, queue status, and two request/grant interfaces are provided by the 80C88 in maximum mode. These features allow coprocessors in local bus and remote bus configurations. RESET BOOTSTRAP PROGRAM JUMP 3FCH TYPE 255 POINTER (AVAILABLE) 084H TYPE 33 POINTER (AVAILABLE) 080H TYPE 32 POINTER (AVAILABLE) 07FH TYPE 31 POINTER (AVAILABLE) 014H TYPE 5 POINTER (RESERVED) 010H TYPE 4 POINTER OVERFLOW 00CH TYPE 3 POINTER 1 BYTE INT INSTRUCTION 008H TYPE 2 POINTER NON MASKABLE 004H TYPE 1 POINTER SINGLE STEP 000H TYPE 0 POINTER DIVIDE ERROR 3FFH AVAILABLE INTERRUPT POINTERS (224) the strap pin. When the MN/MX pin is strapped to GND, the 80C88 defines pins 24 through 31 and 34 in maximum mode. When the MN/MX pins is strapped to VCC, the 80C88 generates bus control signals itself on pins 24 through 31 and 34. CS BASE ADDRESS 16-BITS FIGURE 15. RESERVED MEMORY LOCATIONS 3-8 IP OFFSET 80C88 VCC CLK RES RESET RDY GND CLOCK GENERATOR WR INTA 80C88 DT/R CPU DEN GND C1 20 STB ALE 1 VCC VCC MN/MX IO/M READY RD 82C84A/85 GND AD0-AD7 A8-A19 GND OE ADDR/DATA ADDRESS 82C82 LATCH (1, 2 OR 3) C2 40 C1 = C2 = 0.1µF VCC T INTR OE DATA 82C86 TRANSCEIVER EN 82C59A INTERRUPT CONTROL OE HM-65162 CMOS PROM HS-6616 CMOS PROM CS RD WR 82CXX PERIPHERALS INT IR0-7 FIGURE 16. DEMULTIPLEXED BUS CONFIGURATION VCC 82C84A/85 CLK RES RDY READY S1 RESET S2 CLK GND MN/MX S0 MRDC MWTC S0 82C88 AMWC S1 IORC S2 IOWC DEN DT/R AIOWC ALE INTA GND NC NC 80C88 CPU STB 1 GND VCC C1 20 GND AD0-AD7 A8-A19 GND ADDR/DATA OE ADDRESS 82C82 LATCH (1, 2 OR 3) C2 40 C1 = C2 = 0.1µF VCC T INT OE DATA 82C86 TRANSCEIVER OE 82C59A INTERRUPT CONTROL HM-65162 CMOS PROM IR0-7 FIGURE 17. FULLY BUFFERED SYSTEM USING BUS CONTROLLER 3-9 HS-6616 CMOS PROM CS RD WR 82CXX PERIPHERALS 80C88 Bus Operation The 80C88 address/data bus is broken into three parts: the lower eight address/data bits (AD0-AD7), the middle eight address bits (A8-A15), and the upper four address bits (A16A19). The address/data bits and the highest four address bits are time multiplexed. This technique provides the most efficient use of pins on the processor, permitting the use of standard 40 lead package. The middle eight address bits are not multiplexed, i.e., they remain valid throughout each bus cycle. In addition, the bus can be demultiplexed at the processor with a single address latch if a standard, nonmultiplexed bus is desired for the system. Each processor bus cycle consists of at least four CLK cycles. These are referred to as T1, T2, T3 and T4. (See Figure 5). The address is emitted from the processor during T1 and data transfer occurs on the bus during T3 and T4. T2 is used primarily for changing the direction of the bus during read operations. In the event that a “Not Ready” indication is given by the addressed device, “wait” states (TW) are inserted between T3 and T4. Each inserted “wait” state is of the same duration as a CLK cycle. Periods can occur between 80C88 driven bus cycles. These are referred to as “idle” states (TI), or inactive CLK cycles. The processor uses these cycles for internal housekeeping. During T1 of any bus cycle, the ALE (Address latch enable) signal is emitted (by either the processor or the 82C88 bus controller, depending on the MN/MX strap). At the trailing edge of this pulse, a valid address and certain status information for the cycle may be latched. Status bits S0, S1, and S2 are used by the bus controller, in maximum mode, to identify the type of bus transaction according to Table 2. Status bits S3 through S6 are multiplexed with high order address bits and are therefore valid during T2 through T4. S3 and S4 indicate which segment register was used to this bus cycle in forming the address according to Table 3. S5 is a reflection of the PSW interrupt enable bit. S6 is always equal to 0. (4 + NWAIT) = TCY T1 T2 T3 (4 + NWAIT) = TCY TWAIT T4 T1 T2 T3 TWAIT T4 CLK GOES INACTIVE IN THE STATE JUST PRIOR TO T4 ALE S2-S0 ADDR STATUS A19-A16 S6-S3 A15-A8 ADDR ADDR DATA A19-A16 S6-S3 A7-A0 BUS RESERVED FOR DATA IN A15-A8 D15-D0 VALID A7-A0 DATA OUT (D7-D0) RD, INTA READY READY READY WAIT WAIT DT/R DEN MEMORY ACCESS TIME WP FIGURE 18. BASIC SYSTEM TIMING 3-10 80C88 Bus Hold Circuitry TABLE 7. S2 S1 S0 0 0 0 Interrupt Acknowledge 0 0 1 Read I/O 0 1 0 Write I/O 0 1 1 Halt 1 0 0 Instruction Fetch 1 0 1 Read Data from Memory 1 1 0 Write Data to Memory 1 1 1 Passive (No Bus Cycle) To avoid high current conditions caused by floating inputs to CMOS devices and to eliminate the need for pull-up/down resistors, “bus-hold” circuitry has been used on 80C88 pins 2-16, 26-32 and 34-39 (see Figure 6A and 6B). These circuits maintain a valid logic state if no driving source is present (i.e., an unconnected pin or a driving source which goes to a high impedance state). CHARACTERISTICS To override the “bus hold” circuits, an external driver must be capable of supplying 400µA minimum sink or source current at valid input voltage levels. Since this “bus hold” circuitry is active and not a “resistive” type element, the associated power supply current is negligible. Power dissipation is significantly reduced when compared to the use of passive pullup resistors. TABLE 8. S4 S3 0 0 Alternate Data (Extra Segment) 0 1 Stack 1 0 Code or None 1 1 Data BOND PAD CHARACTERISTICS EXTERNAL PIN OUTPUT DRIVER INPUT BUFFER INPUT PROTECTION CIRCUITRY I/O Addressing In the 80C88, I/O operations can address up to a maximum of 64K I/O registers. The I/O address appears in the same format as the memory address on bus lines A15-A0. The address lines A19-A16 are zero in I/O operations. The variable I/O instructions, which use register DX as a pointer, have full address capability, while the direct I/O instructions directly address one or two of the 256 I/O byte locations in page 0 of the I/O address space. I/O ports are addressed in the same manner as memory locations. FIGURE 19A. BUS HOLD CIRCUITRY PIN 2-16, 35-39 BOND PAD OUTPUT DRIVER P INPUT BUFFER Designers familiar with the 8085 or upgrading an 8085 design should note that the 8085 addresses I/O with an 8-bit address on both halves of the 16-bit address bus. The 80C88 uses a full 16-bit address on its lower 16 address lines. External Interface VCC EXTERNAL PIN INPUT PROTECTION CIRCUITRY FIGURE 19B. BUS HOLD CIRCUITRY PIN 26-32, 34 Interrupt Operations Processor Reset and Initialization Processor initialization or start up is accomplished with activation (HIGH) of the RESET pin. The 80C88 RESET is required to be HIGH for greater than four clock cycles. The 80C88 will terminate operations on the high-going edge of RESET and will remain dormant as long as RESET is HIGH. The low-going transition of RESET triggers an internal reset sequence for approximately 7 clock cycles. After this interval the 80C88 operates normally, beginning with the instruction in absolute location FFFFOH (see Figure 2). The RESET input is internally synchronized to the processor clock. At initialization, the HIGH to LOW transition of RESET must occur no sooner than 50µs after power up, to allow complete initialization of the 80C88. NMI will not be recognized if asserted prior to the second CLK cycle following the end of RESET. Interrupt operations fall into two classes: software or hardware initiated. The software initiated interrupts and software aspects of hardware interrupts are specified in the instruction set description. Hardware interrupts can be classified as nonmaskable or maskable. Interrupts result in a transfer of control to a new program location. A 256 element table containing address pointers to the interrupt service program locations resides in absolute locations 0 through 3FFH (see Figure 2), which are reserved for this purpose. Each element in the table is 4 bytes in size and corresponds to an interrupt “type”. An interrupting device supplies an 8-bit type number, during the interrupt acknowledge sequence, which is used to vector through the appropriate element to the new interrupt service program location. 3-11 80C88 Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) T1 The processor provides a single non-maskable interrupt (NMI) pin which has higher priority than the maskable interrupt request (INTR) pin. A typical use would be to activate a power failure routine. The NMI is edge-triggered on a LOW to High transition. The activation of this pin causes a type 2 interrupt. NMI is required to have a duration in the HIGH state of greater than two clock cycles, but is not required to be synchronized to the clock. An high going transition of NMI is latched on-chip and will be serviced at the end of the current instruction or between whole moves (2 bytes in the case of word moves) of a block type instruction. Worst case response to NMI would be for multiply, divide, and variable shift instructions. There is no specification on the occurrence of the low-going edge; it may occur before, during, or after the servicing of NMI. Another high-going edge triggers another response if it occurs after the start of the NMI procedure. The signal must be free of logical spikes in general and be free of bounces on the low-going edge to avoid triggering extraneous responses. Maskable Interrupt (INTR) The 80C88 provides a singe interrupt request input (INTR) which can be masked internally by software with the resetting of the interrupt enable (IF) flag bit. The interrupt request signal is level triggered. It is internally synchronized during each clock cycle on the high-going edge of CLK. To be responded to, INTR must be present (HIGH) during the clock period preceding the end of the current instruction or the end of a whole move for a block type instruction. INTR may be removed anytime after the falling edge of the first INTA signal. During interrupt response sequence, further interrupts are disabled. The enable bit is reset as part of the response to any interrupt (INTR, NMI, software interrupt, or single step). The FLAGS register, which is automatically pushed onto the stack, reflects the state of the processor prior to the interrupt. The enable bit will be zero until the old FLAGS register is restored, unless specifically set by an instruction. During the response sequence (see Figure 7), the processor executes two successive (back-to-back) interrupt acknowledge cycles. The 80C88 emits to LOCK signal (maximum mode only) from T2 of the first bus cycle until T2 of the second. A local bus “hold” request will not be honored until the end of the second bus cycle. In the second bus cycle, a byte is fetched from the external interrupt system (e.g., 82C59A PIC) which identifies the source (type) of the interrupt. This byte is multiplied by four and used as a pointer into the interrupt vector lookup table. An INTR signal left HIGH will be continually responded to within the limitations of the enable bit and sample period. INTR may be removed anytime after the falling edge of the first INTA signal. The interrupt return instruction includes a flags pop which returns the status of the original interrupt enable bit when it restores the flags. T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 T3 T4 ALE LOCK INTA AD0AD7 TYPE VECTOR FIGURE 20. INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE Halt When a software HALT instruction is executed, the processor indicates that it is entering the HALT state in one of two ways, depending upon which mode is strapped. In minimum mode, the processor issues ALE, delayed by one clock cycle, to allow the system to latch the halt status. Halt status is available on IO/M, DT/R, and SS0. In maximum mode, the processor issues appropriate HALT status on S2, S1 and S0, and the 82C88 bus controller issues one ALE. The 80C88 will not leave the HALT state when a local bus hold is entered while in HALT. In this case, the processor reissues the HALT indicator at the end of the local bus hold. An interrupt request or RESET will force the 80C88 out of the HALT state. Read/Modify/Write (Semaphore) Operations Via LOCK The LOCK status information is provided by the processor when consecutive bus cycles are required during the execution of an instruction. This allows the processor to perform read/modify/write operations on memory (via the “exchange register with memory” instruction), without another system bus master receiving intervening memory cycles. This is useful in multiprocessor system configurations to accomplish “test and set lock” operations. The LOCK signal is activated (LOW) in the clock cycle following decoding of the LOCK prefix instruction. It is deactivated at the end of the last bus cycle of the instruction following the LOCK prefix. While LOCK is active, a request on a RQ/GT pin will be recorded, and then honored at the end of the LOCK. External Synchronization Via TEST As an alternative to interrupts, the 80C88 provides a single software-testable input pin (TEST). This input is utilized by executing a WAIT instruction. The single WAIT instruction is repeatedly executed until the TEST input goes active (LOW). The execution of WAIT does not consume bus cycles once the queue is full. If a local bus request occurs during WAIT execution, the 80C88 three-states all output drivers while inputs and I/O pins are held at valid logic levels by internal bus-hold circuits. If interrupts are enabled, the 80C88 will recognize interrupts and process them when it regains control of the bus. 3-12 80C88 Basic System Timing In minimum mode, the MN/MX pin is strapped to VCC and the processor emits bus control signals (RD, WR, IO/M, etc.) directly. In maximum mode, the MN/MX pin is strapped to GND and the processor emits coded status information which the 82C88 bus controller uses to generate MULTIBUS compatible bus control signals. System Timing - Minimum System The read cycle begins in T1 with the assertion of the address latch enable (ALE) signal (see Figure 5). The trailing (low going) edge of this signal is used to latch the address information, which is valid on the address data bus (ADO-AD7) at this time, into the 82C82/82C83 latch. Address lines A8 through A15 do not need to be latched because they remain valid throughout the bus cycle. From T1 to T4 the IO/M signal indicates a memory or I/O operation. At T2 the address is removed from the address data bus and the bus is held at the last valid logic state by internal bus-hold devices. The read control signal is also asserted at T2. The read (RD) signal causes the addressed device to enable its data bus drivers to the local bus. Some time later, valid data will be available on the bus and the addressed device will drive the READY line HIGH. When the processor returns the read signal to a HIGH level, the addressed device will again three-state its bus drivers. If a transceiver (82C86/82C87) is required to buffer the local bus, signals DT/R and DEN are provided by the 80C88. A write cycle also begins with the assertion of ALE and the emission of the address. The IO/M signal is again asserted to indicate a memory or I/O write operation. In T2, immediately following the address emission, the processor emits the data to be written into the addressed location. This data remains valid until at least the middle of T4. During T2, T3, and Tw, the processor asserts the write control signal. The write (WR) signal becomes active at the beginning of T2, as opposed to the read, which is delayed somewhat into T2 to provide time for output drivers to become inactive. The basic difference between the interrupt acknowledge cycle and a read cycle is that the interrupt acknowledge (INTA) signal is asserted in place of the read (RD) signal and the address bus is held at the last valid logic state by internal bus-hold devices (see Figure 6). In the second of two successive INTA cycles, a byte of information is read from the data bus, as supplied by the interrupt system logic (i.e., 82C59A priority interrupt controller). This byte identifies the source (type) of the interrupt. It is multiplied by four and used as a pointer into the interrupt vector lookup table, as described earlier. Bus Timing - Medium Complexity Systems For medium complexity systems, the MN/MX pin is connected to GND and the 82C88 bus controller is added to the system, as well as an 82C82/82C83 latch for latching the system address, and an 82C86/82C87 transceiver to allow for bus loading greater than the 80C88 is capable of handling (see Figure 8). Signals ALE, DEN, and DT/R are generated by the 82C88 instead of the processor in this configuration, although their timing remains relatively the same. The 80C88 status outputs (S2, S1 and S0) provide type of cycle information and become 82C88 inputs. This bus cycle information specifies read (code, data or I/O), write (data or I/O), interrupt acknowledge, or software halt. The 82C88 thus issues control signals specifying memory read or write, I/O read or write, or interrupt acknowledge. The 82C88 provides two types of write strobes, normal and advanced, to be applied as required. The normal write strobes have data valid at the leading edge of write. The advanced write strobes have the same timing as read strobes, and hence, data is not valid at the leading edge of write. The 82C86/82C87 transceiver receives the usual T and OE inputs from the 82C88 DT/R and DEN outputs. The pointer into the interrupt vector table, which is passed during the second INTA cycle, can derive from an 82C59A located on either the local bus or the system bus. If the master 82C59A priority interrupt controller is positioned on the local bus, the 82C86/82C87 transceiver must be disabled when reading from the master 82C59A during the interrupt acknowledge sequence and software “poll”. The 80C88 Compared to the 80C86 The 80C88 CPU is a 8-bit processor designed around the 8086 internal structure. Most internal functions of the 80C88 are identical to the equivalent 80C86 functions. The 80C88 handles the external bus the same way the 80C86 does with the distinction of handling only 8-bits at a time. Sixteen-bit operands are fetched or written in two consecutive bus cycles. Both processors will appear identical to the software engineer, with the exception of execution time. The internal register structure is identical and all instructions have the same end result. Internally, there are three differences between the 80C88 and the 80C86. All changes are related to the 8-bit bus interface. • The queue length is 4 bytes in the 80C88, whereas the 80C86 queue contains 6 bytes, or three words. The queue was shortened to prevent overuse of the bus by the BIU when prefetching instructions. This was required because of the additional time necessary to fetch instructions 8-bits at a time. • To further optimize the queue, the prefetching algorithm was changed. The 80C88 BIU will fetch a new instruction to load into the queue each time there is a 1 byte space available in the queue. The 80C86 waits until a 2 byte space is available. • The internal execution time of the instruction set is affected by the 8-bit interface. All 16-bit fetches and writes from/to memory take an additional four clock cycles. The CPU is also limited by the speed of instruction fetches. This latter problem only occurs when a series of simple operations occur. When the more sophisticated instructions of the 80C88 are being used, the queue has time to fill the execution proceeds as fast as the execution unit will allow. MULTIBUS is a patented Intel bus. 3-13 80C88 The 80C88 and 80C86 are completely software compatible by virtue of their identical execution units. Software that is system dependent may not be completely transferable, but software that is not system dependent will operate equally as well on an 80C88 or an 80C86. The hardware interface of the 80C88 contains the major differences between the two CPUs. The pin assignments are nearly identical, however, with the following functional changes: • A8-A15: These pins are only address outputs on the 80C88. These address lines are latched internally and remain valid throughout a bus cycle in a manner similar to the 8085 upper address lines. • BHE has no meaning on the 80C88 and has been eliminated. • SS0 provides the S0 status information in the minimum mode. This output occurs on pin 34 in minimum mode only. DT/R, IO/M and SS0 provide the complete bus status in minimum mode. • IO/M has been inverted to be compatible with the 8085 bus structure. • ALE is delayed by one clock cycle in the minimum mode when entering HALT, to allow the status to be latched with ALE. T1 T2 T3 CLK QS1, QS0 80C88 S2, S1, S0 A19/S6 - A16/S3 S6 - S3 A19 - A16 ALE RDY 82C84 READY 80C88 80C88 AD7 - AD0 80C88 DATA OUT A7-A0 DATA IN A15 - A8 A15 - A8 RD DT/R 80C88 MRDC DEN FIGURE 21. MEDIUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM TIMING 3-14 T4 80C88 Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +8.0V Input, Output or I/O Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . GND -0.5V to VCC +0.5V ESD Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class 1 Thermal Resistance (Typical) θJA (oC/W) θJC (oC/W) PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 PLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 SBDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 N/A CLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 N/A Maximum Junction Temperature Ceramic Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +175oC Plastic Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150oC Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65oC to +150oC Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . +300oC (Lead tips only for surface mount packages) Operating Conditions Operating Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.5V to +5.5V M80C88-2 Only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.75V to +5.25V Operating Temperature Range C80C88/-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to +70oC I80C88/-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC M80C88/-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC Die Characteristics Gate Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9750 Gates CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. DC Electrical Specifications SYMBOL VCC = 5.0V, ±10%; VCC = 5.0V, ±10%; VCC = 5.0V, ±10%; VCC = 5.0V, ±5%; PARAMETER VlH Logical One Input Voltage VIL Logical Zero Input Voltage TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (l80C88, I80C88-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2) MIN MAX UNITS 2.0 2.2 - V V - 0.8 V TEST CONDITION C80C88, I80C88 (Note 4) M80C88 (Note 4) VIHC CLK Logical One Input Voltage VCC -0.8 - V VILC CLK Logical Zero Input Voltage - 0.8 V VOH Output High Voltage 3.0 VCC -0.4 - V V lOH = -2.5mA lOH = -100µA VOL Output Low Voltage - 0.4 V lOL = +2.5mA Input Leakage Current -1.0 1.0 µA VIN = 0V or VCC Pins 17-19, 21-23, 33 lBHH Input Current-Bus Hold High -40 -400 µA VIN = - 3.0V (Note 1) lBHL Input Current-Bus Hold Low 40 400 µA VIN = - 0.8V (Note 2) Output Leakage Current - -10.0 µA VOUT = 0V (Note 5) ICCSB Standby Power Supply Current - 500 µA VCC = 5.5V (Note 3) ICCOP Operating Power Supply Current - 10 mA/MHz II IO FREQ = Max, VIN = VCC or GND, Outputs Open NOTES: 1. lBHH should be measured after raising VIN to VCC and then lowering to 3.0V on the following pins 2-16, 26-32, 34-39. 2. IBHL should be measured after lowering VIN to GND and then raising to 0.8V on the following pins: 2-16, 35-39. 3. lCCSB tested during clock high time after HALT instruction executed. VIN = VCC or GND, VCC = 5.5V, Outputs unloaded. 4. MN/MX is a strap option and should be held to VCC or GND. 5. IO should be measured by putting the pin in a high impedance state and then driving VOUT to GND on the following pins: 26-29 and 32. Capacitance SYMBOL CIN COUT CI/O TA = 25oC PARAMETER TYPICAL UNITS TEST CONDITIONS Input Capacitance 25 pF FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND Output Capacitance 25 pF FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND I/O Capacitance 25 pF FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND 3-15 80C88 AC Electrical Specifications VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±100%; VCC = 5.0V ±100%; VCC = 5.0V ±5%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2) MINIMUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM 80C88 SYMBOL PARAMETER 80C88-2 MIN MAX MIN MAX UNITS TEST CONDITIONS TIMING REQUIREMENTS (1) TCLCL CLK Cycle Period 200 - 125 - ns (2) TCLCH CLK Low Time 118 - 68 - ns (3) TCHCL CLK High Time 69 - 44 - ns (4) TCH1CH2 CLK Rise Time - 10 - 10 ns From 1.0V to 3.5V (5) TCL2CL1 CLK FaIl Time - 10 - 10 ns From 3.5V to 1.0V (6) TDVCL Data In Setup Time 30 - 20 - ns (7) TCLDX1 Data In Hold Time 10 - 10 - ns (8) TR1VCL RDY Setup Time into 82C84A (Notes 6, 7) 35 - 35 - ns (9) TCLR1X RDY Hold Time into 82C84A (Notes 6, 7) 0 - 0 - ns (10) TRYHCH READY Setup Time into 80C88 118 - 68 - ns (11) TCHRYX READY Hold Time into 80C88 30 - 20 - ns (12) TRYLCL READY Inactive to CLK (Note 8) -8 - -8 - ns (13) THVCH HOLD Setup Time 35 - 20 - ns (14) TINVCH lNTR, NMI, TEST Setup Time (Note 7) 30 - 15 - ns (15) TILIH Input Rise Time (Except CLK) - 15 - 15 ns From 0.8V to 2.0V (16) TIHIL Input FaIl Time (Except CLK) - 15 - 15 ns From 2.0V to 0.8V TIMING RESPONSES (17) TCLAV Address Valid Delay 10 110 10 60 ns CL = 100pF (18) TCLAX Address Hold Time 10 - 10 - ns CL = 100pF (19) TCLAZ Address Float Delay TCLAX 80 TCLAX 50 ns CL = 100pF (20) TCHSZ Status Float Delay - 80 - 50 ns CL = 100pF (21) TCHSV Status Active Delay 10 110 10 60 ns CL = 100pF (22) TLHLL ALE Width TCLCH-20 - TCLCH-10 - ns CL = 100pF (23) TCLLH ALE Active Delay - 80 - 50 ns CL = 100pF (24) TCHLL ALE Inactive Delay - 85 - 55 ns CL = 100pF 3-16 80C88 AC Electrical Specifications VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±100%; VCC = 5.0V ±100%; VCC = 5.0V ±5%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2) (Continued) MINIMUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM 80C88 SYMBOL PARAMETER 80C88-2 TEST CONDITIONS MIN MAX MIN MAX UNITS TCHCL-10 - TCHCL-10 - ns CL = 100pF (25) TLLAX Address Hold Time to ALE Inactive (26) TCLDV Data Valid Delay 10 110 10 60 ns CL = 100pF (27) TCLDX2 Data Hold Time 10 - 10 - ns CL = 100pF (28) TWHDX Data Hold Time After WR TCLCL-30 - TCLCL-30 - ns CL = 100pF (29) TCVCTV Control Active Delay 1 10 110 10 70 ns CL = 100pF (30) TCHCTV Control Active Delay 2 10 110 10 60 ns CL = 100pF (31) TCVCTX Control Inactive Delay 10 110 10 70 ns CL = 100pF (32) TAZRL Address Float to READ Active 0 - 0 - ns CL = 100pF (33) TCLRL RD Active Delay 10 165 10 100 ns CL = 100pF (34) TCLRH RD Inactive Delay 10 150 10 80 ns CL = 100pF (35) TRHAV RD Inactive to Next Address Active TCLCL-45 - TCLCL-40 - ns CL = 100pF (36) TCLHAV HLDA Valid Delay 10 160 10 100 ns CL = 100pF (37) TRLRH RD Width 2TCLCL-75 - 2TCLCL-50 - ns CL = 100pF (38) TWLWH WR Width 2TCLCL-60 - 2TCLCL-40 - ns CL = 100pF (39) TAVAL Address Valid to ALE Low TCLCH-60 - TCLCH-40 - ns CL = 100pF (40) TOLOH Output Rise Time - 15 - 15 ns From 0.8V to 2.0V (41) TOHOL Output Fall Time - 15 - 15 ns From 2.0V to 0.8V NOTES: 6. Signal at 82C84A shown for reference only. 7. Setup requirement for asynchronous signal only to guarantee recognition at next CLK. 8. Applies only to T2 state (8ns into T3). 3-17 80C88 Waveforms T1 T2 T3 TW (5) TCL2CL1 (1) TCLCL T4 TCH1CH2 (4) CLK (82C84A OUTPUT) (3) (2) TCLCH TCHCL (30) TCHCTV TCHCTV (30) IO/M, SSO (17) TCLAV A15-A8 A15-A8 (FLOAT DURING INTA) (17) TCLAV (17) TCLAV (26) TCLDV (18) TCLAX S6-S3 A19-A16 A19/S6-A16/S3 TLHLL (22) (23) TCLLH TLLAX (25) ALE (24) TR1VCL (8) TCHLL RDY (82C84A INPUT) SEE NOTE 9, 10 VIH TAVAL (39) VIL TCLR1X (9) (12) TRYLCL (11) TCHRYX READY (80C88 INPUT) (19) TCLAZ (10) TRYHCH (16) TDVCL DATA IN AD7-AD0 AD7-AD0 (32) TAZRL (7) TCLDX1 (34) TCLRH TRHAV (35) RD (30) TCHCTV READ CYCLE (WR, INTA = VOH) TRLRH (37) TCLRL (33) DT/R (29) TCVCTV TCVCTX (31) DEN FIGURE 22. BUS TIMING - MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM NOTES: 9. RDY is sampled near the end of T2, T3, TW to determine if TW machine states are to be inserted. 10. Signals at 82C84A are shown for reference only. 3-18 (30) TCHCTV 80C88 Waveforms (Continued) T1 T2 (4) TCH1CH2 T3 TW CLK (82C84A OUTPUT) (26) TCLDV TCLAX (17) TCLAV TCVCTV (27) TCLDX2 (18) AD7-AD0 AD7-AD0 WRITE CYCLE DATA OUT TWHDX (29) (28) (31) TCVCTX DEN (29) TCVCTV (38) TWLWH WR TCVCTX TDVCL (19) TCLAZ (31) (6) TCLDX1 (7) POINTER AD7-AD0 TCHCTV (30) TCHCTV (30) INTA CYCLE (NOTE 11) RD, WR = VOH T4 TW (5) TCL2CL1 DT/R (29) TCVCTV INTA TCVCTX (31) (29) TCVCTV DEN SOFTWARE HALT DEN, RD, WR, INTA = VOH INVALID ADDRESS AD7-AD0 TCLAV (17) SOFTWARE HALT TCHLL (24) ALE IO/M DT/R SSO TCLLH (23) TCHCTV (30) TCVCTX (31) FIGURE 23. BUS TIMING - MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM (Continued) NOTES: 11. Two INTA cycles run back-to-back. The 80C88 local ADDR/DATA bus is floating during both INTA cycles. Control signals are shown for the second INTA cycle. 12. Signals at 82C84A are shown for reference only. 3-19 80C88 AC Electrical Specifications VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±5%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2) MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88 BUS CONTROLLER) 80C88 SYMBOL PARAMETER 80C88-2 MIN MAX MIN MAX UNITS TEST CONDITIONS TIMING REQUIREMENTS (1) TCLCL CLK Cycle Period 200 - 125 - ns (2) TCLCH CLK Low Time 118 - 68 - ns (3) TCHCL CLK High Time 69 - 44 - ns (4) TCH1CH2 CLK Rise Time - 10 - 10 ns From 1.0V to 3.5V (5) TCL2CL1 CLK Fall Time - 10 - 10 ns From 3.5V to 1.0V (6) TDVCL Data in Setup Time 30 - 20 - ns (7) TCLDX1 Data In Hold Time 10 - 10 - ns (8) TR1VCL RDY Setup Time into 82C84 (Notes 13, 14) 35 - 35 - ns (9) TCLR1X RDY Hold Time into 82C84 (Notes 13, 14) 0 - 0 - ns (10) TRYHCH READY Setup Time into 80C88 118 - 68 - ns (11) TCHRYX READY Hold Time into 80C88 30 - 20 - ns (12) TRYLCL READY Inactive to CLK (Note 15) -8 - -8 - ns (13) TlNVCH Setup Time for Recognition (lNTR, NMl, TEST) (Note 14) 30 - 15 - ns (14) TGVCH RQ/GT Setup Time 30 - 15 - ns (15) TCHGX RQ Hold Time into 80C88 (Note 16) 40 TCHCL+ 10 30 TCHCL+ 10 ns (16) TILlH Input Rise Time (Except CLK) - 15 - 15 ns From 0.8V to 2.0V (17) TIHIL Input Fall Time (Except CLK) - 15 - 15 ns From 2.0V to 0.8V TIMING RESPONSES (18) TCLML Command Active Delay (Note 13) 5 35 5 35 ns (19) TCLMH Command Inactive (Note 13) 5 35 5 35 ns (20) TRYHSH READY Active to Status Passive (Notes 15, 17) - 110 - 65 ns (21) TCHSV Status Active Delay 10 110 10 60 ns (22) TCLSH Status Inactive Delay (Note 17) 10 130 10 70 ns (23) TCLAV Address Valid Delay 10 110 10 60 ns (24) TCLAX Address Hold Time 10 - 10 - ns (25) TCLAZ Address Float Delay TCLAX 80 TCLAX 50 ns (26) TCHSZ Status Float Delay - 80 - 50 ns (27) TSVLH Status Valid to ALE High (Note 13) - 20 - 20 ns (28) TSVMCH Status Valid to MCE High (Note 13) - 30 - 30 ns (29) TCLLH CLK Low to ALE Valid (Note 13) - 20 - 20 ns (30) TCLMCH CLK Low to MCE High (Note 13) - 25 - 25 ns (31) TCHLL ALE Inactive Delay (Note 13) 4 18 4 18 ns 3-20 CL = 100pF for all 80C88 outputs in addition to internal loads. 80C88 AC Electrical Specifications VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±10%; VCC = 5.0V ±5%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C88, C80C88-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C88, I80C88-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C88-2) (Continued) MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88 BUS CONTROLLER) 80C88 SYMBOL PARAMETER MCE Inactive Delay (Note 13) 80C88-2 MIN MAX MIN MAX UNITS - 15 - 15 ns (32) TCLMCL (33) TCLDV Data Valid Delay 10 110 10 60 ns (34) TCLDX2 Data Hold Time 10 - 10 - ns (35) TCVNV Control Active Delay (Note 13) 5 45 5 45 ns (36) TCVNX Control Inactive Delay (Note 13) 10 45 10 45 ns (37) TAZRL Address Float to Read Active 0 - 0 - ns TEST CONDITIONS (38) TCLRL RD Active Delay 10 165 10 100 ns (39) TCLRH RD Inactive Delay 10 150 10 80 ns (40) TRHAV RD Inactive to Next Address Active TCLCL -45 - TCLCL -40 - ns (41) TCHDTL Direction Control Active Delay (Note 13) - 50 - 50 ns (42) TCHDTH Direction Control Inactive Delay (Note 1) - 30 - 30 ns (43) TCLGL GT Active Delay 0 85 0 50 ns (44) TCLGH GT Inactive Delay 0 85 0 50 ns (45) TRLRH RD Width 2TCLC L -75 - 2TCLC L -50 - ns (46) TOLOH Output Rise Time - 15 - 15 ns From 0.8V to 2.0V (47) TOHOL Output Fall Time - 15 - 15 ns From 2.0V to 0.8V NOTES: 13. Signal at 82C84A or 82C88 shown for reference only. 14. Setup requirement for asynchronous signal only to guarantee recognition at next CLK. 15. Applies only to T2 state (8ns into T3). 16. The 80C88 actively pulls the RQ/GT pin to a logic one on the following clock low time. 17. Status lines return to their inactive (logic one) state after CLK goes low and READY goes high. 3-21 CL = 100pF for all 80C88 outputs in addition to internal loads. 80C88 Waveforms T1 T2 (4) TCH1CH2 (1) TCLCL T3 T4 (5) TCL2CL1 TW CLK (23) TCLAV TCLCH (2) TCHCL (3) QS0, QS1 (21) TCHSV TCLSH (22) S2, S1, S0 (EXCEPT HALT) (SEE NOTE 20) A15-A8 A15-A8 TCLAV A19-A16 A19/S6-A16/S3 TSVLH (27) ALE (82C88 OUTPUT) (33) (24) TCLDV TCLAX (23) TCLAV (23) S6-S3 TCHLL (31) TCLLH (29) NOTES 18, 19 (8) TR1VCL RDY (82C84 INPUT) TCLR1X (9) (12) TRYLCL READY 80C86 INPUT) (11) TCHRYX TRYHSH (20) (24) TCLAX (10) TRYHCH TCLAV READ CYCLE (23) (25) TCLAZ (6) TDVCL AD7-AD0 AD7-AD0 (7) TCLDX1 DATA IN (37) TAZRL (39) TCLRH TRHAV RD (42) TCHDTH (41) TCHDTL TCLRL (38) DT/R TCLML 82C88 OUTPUTS SEE NOTES 19, 21 (18) (40) TRLRH (45) TCLMH (19) TCVNX (36) MRDC OR IORC (35) TCVNV DEN FIGURE 24. BUS TIMING - MAXIMUM MODE (USING 82C88) NOTES: 18. RDY is sampled near the end of T2, T3, TW to determine if TW machine states are to be inserted. 19. Signals at 82C84A or 82C88 are shown for reference only. 20. Status inactive in state just prior to T4. 21. The issuance of the 82C88 command and control signals (MRDC, MWTC, AMWC, IORC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA, and DEN) lags the active high 82C88 CEN. 3-22 80C88 Waveforms (Continued) T1 T2 T3 T4 TW CLK TCHSV (21) (SEE NOTE 24) S2, S1, S0 (EXCEPT HALT) WRITE CYCLE (33) (24) TCLDV TCLAX TCLAV (23) TCLSH (22) AD7-AD0 TCLDX2 DATA TCVNV (35) TCVNX (36) DEN 82C88 OUTPUTS SEE NOTES 22, 23 (34) TCLMH (19) (18) TCLML AMWC OR AIOWC TCLMH (19) (18)TCLML MWTC OR IOWC INTA CYCLE A15-A8 (SEE NOTES 25, 26) RESERVED FOR CASCADE ADDR (25) TCLAZ (6) AD7-AD0 TDVCL TCLDX1 (7) POINTER (32) TCLMCL (28) TSVMCH (41) TCHDTL MCE/PDEN (30) TCLMCH DT/R 82C88 OUTPUTS SEE NOTES 22, 23, 25 (42) TCHDTH (18) TCLML INTA TCVNV (35) (19) TCLMH DEN SOFTWARE HALT - RD, MRDC, IORC, MWTC, AMWC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA, S0, S1 = VOH AD7-AD0 A15-A8 TCVNX (36) INVALID ADDRESS TCLAV (23) S2, S1, S0 TCHSV (21) TCLSH (22) FIGURE 25. BUS TIMING - MAXIMUM MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88) (Continued) NOTES: 22. Signals at 82C84A or 82C86 are shown for reference only. 23. The issuance of the 82C88 command and control signals (MRDC, MWTC, AMWC, IORC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA and DEN) lags the active high 82C88 CEN. 24. Status inactive in state just prior to T4. 25. Cascade address is valid between first and second INTA cycles. 26. Two INTA cycles run back-to-back. The 80C88 local ADDR/DATA bus is floating during both INTA cycles. Control for pointer address is shown for second INTA cycle. 3-23 80C88 Waveforms (Continued) > 0-CLK CYCLES ANY CLK CYCLE CLK TCLGH (44) TGVCH (14) (1) TCLCL RQ/GT PULSE 1 COPROCESSOR RQ PREVIOUS GRANT AD7-AD0 TCLGH (44) TCLGL (43) PULSE 2 80C88 GT TCHGX (15) PULSE 3 COPROCESSOR RELEASE TCLAZ (25) COPROCESSOR 80C88 TCHSV (21) (SEE NOTE) TCHSZ (26) RD, LOCK A19/S6-A16/S3 S2, S1, S0 FIGURE 26. REQUEST/GRANT SEQUENCE TIMING (MAXIMUM MODE ONLY) NOTE: The coprocessor may not drive the busses outside the region shown without risking contention. ≥ 1CLK CYCLE 1 OR 2 CYCLES CLK THVCH (13) THVCH (13) (SEE NOTE) HOLD TCLHAV (36) TCLHAV (36) HLDA TCLAZ (19) A15-A8 80C88 COPROCESSOR 80C88 AD7-AD0 TCHSV (21) TCHSZ (20) A19/S6-A16/S3 RD, WR, I/O/M, DT/R, DEN, SSO FIGURE 27. HOLD/HOLD ACKNOWLEDGE TIMING (MINIMUM MODE ONLY) NOTE: Setup requirements for asynchronous signals only to guarantee recognition at next CLK. CLK ANY CLK CYCLE (13) TINVCH (SEE NOTE) NMI INTR ANY CLK CYCLE CLK TCLAV (23) TCLAV (23) SIGNAL LOCK TEST FIGURE 28. ASYNCHRONOUS SIGNAL RECOGNITION NOTE: Setup requirements for asynchronous signals only to guarantee recognition at next CLK. FIGURE 29. BUS LOCK SIGNAL TIMING (MAXIMUM MODE ONLY) 3-24 80C88 Waveforms (Continued) ≥ 50µs VCC CLK (7) TCLDX1 (6) TDVCL RESET ≥ 4 CLK CYCLES FIGURE 30. RESET TIMING AC Test Circuit AC Testing Input, Output Waveform INPUT VIH + 20% VIH TEST POINT OUTPUT FROM DEVICE UNDER TEST CL (NOTE) OUTPUT 1.5V 1.5V VOH VOL VIL - 50% VIL AC Testing: All input signals (other than CLK) must switch between VILMAX -50% VIL and VIHMIN +20% VIH. CLK must switch between 0.4V and VCC -0.4V. Input rise and fall times are driven at 1ns/V. NOTE: Includes stay and jig capacitance. Burn-In Circuits MD80C88 (CERDIP) C 1 GND VCC 40 2 A14 A15 39 3 A13 A16 38 4 A12 A17 37 5 A11 A18 36 6 A10 A19 35 7 A9 BHE 34 8 A8 MX 33 9 AD7 RD 32 10 AD6 RQ0 31 11 AD5 RQ1 30 12 AD4 LOCK 29 OPEN 13 AD3 S2 28 OPEN 14 AD2 S1 27 OPEN 15 AD1 S0 26 RO OPEN 16 AD0 QS0 25 RO GND 17 NMI QS2 24 GND 18 INTR TEST 23 19 CLK READY 22 RI 20 GND RESET 21 RI GND GND VCL GND GND VCL GND GND GND VCL VCL VCL F0 GND RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RC 3-25 RIO RO RO RO RO RO GND VCC VCL VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 GND RO RI VIL VCL RO RO RO RO RO VCL VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 GND VCL NODE A FROM PROGRAM CARD 80C88 Burn-In Circuits (Continued) MR80C88 (CLCC) VCC VCL 6 RIO RIO RIO 3 2 RO RO RO RIO RIO RIO 4 1 44 43 42 41 40 39 8 38 9 37 10 36 11 35 12 34 13 33 14 32 15 31 16 30 17 29 RIO RIO 5 7 RIO RIO RIO RIO C RO RO RO RI RI RO RO RO RO RO RO RI RI RC 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 VCC/2 GND F0 NOTES: 1. VCC = 5.5V ±0.5V, GND = 0V. 2. Input voltage limits (except clock): VIL (Maximum) = 0.4V VIH (Minimum) = 2.6V, VIH (Clock) = VCC - 0.4V) minimum. 3. VCC/2 is external supply set to 2.7V ±10%. A (FROM PROGRAM CARD) COMPONENTS: 1. RI = 10kΩ ±5%, 1/4W 2. RO = 1.2kΩ ±5%, 1/4W 3. RIO = 2.7kΩ ±5%, 1/4W 4. RC = 1kΩ ±5%, 1/4W 5. C = 0.01µF (Minimum) 4. VCL is generated on program card (VCC - 0.65V). 5. Pins 13 - 16 input sequenced instructions from internal hold devices, (DIP Only). 6. F0 = 100kHz ±10%. 7. Node A = a 40µs pulse every 2.56ms. 3-26 80C88 Die Characteristics DIE DIMENSIONS: 249.2 x 290.9 x 19 ±1mils GLASSIVATION: Type: SiO2 Thickness: 8kÅ ±1kÅ METALLIZATION: Type: Silicon - Aluminum Thickness: 11kÅ ±2kÅ WORST CASE CURRENT DENSITY: 1.5 x 105 A/cm2 Metallization Mask Layout 80C88 A11 A12 A13 A14 GND VCC A15 A16/S3 A17/S4 A18/S5 A19/S6 A10 A9 SSO MN/MX A8 RD AD7 HOLD AD6 AD5 HLDA AD4 AD3 WR AD2 IO/M AD1 DT/R AD0 NMI INTR CLK GND RESET READY TEST INTA ALE DEN All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification. Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site http://www.intersil.com 3-27 80C88 Instruction Set Summary INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION 76543210 76543210 76543210 76543210 Register/Memory to/from Register 100010dw mod reg r/m Immediate to Register/Memory 1100011w 1 0 1 1 w reg mod 0 0 0 r/m data data if w 1 data data if w 1 Memory to Accumulator 1010000w addr-low addr-high Accumulator to Memory 1010001w addr-low addr-high Register/Memory to Segment Register †† 10001110 mod 0 reg r/m Segment Register to Register/Memory 10001100 mod 0 reg r/m 11111111 mod 1 1 0 r/m DATA TRANSFER MOV = MOVE: Immediate to Register PUSH = Push: Register/Memory Register Segment Register 0 1 0 1 0 reg 0 0 0 reg 1 1 0 POP = Pop: Register/Memory Register Segment Register 10001111 mod 0 0 0 r/m 0 1 0 1 1 reg 0 0 0 reg 1 1 1 XCHG = Exchange: Register/Memory with Register Register with Accumulator 1000011w mod reg r/m 1 0 0 1 0 reg IN = Input from: Fixed Port 1110010w Variable Port 1110110w port OUT = Output to: Fixed Port 1110011w Variable Port 1110111w XLAT = Translate Byte to AL 11010111 LEA = Load EA to Register2 10001101 mod reg r/m LDS = Load Pointer to DS 11000101 mod reg r/m LES = Load Pointer to ES 11000100 mod reg r/m LAHF = Load AH with Flags 10011111 SAHF = Store AH into Flags 10011110 PUSHF = Push Flags 10011100 POPF = Pop Flags 10011101 port ARITHMETIC ADD = Add: Register/Memory with Register to Either 000000dw mod reg r/m Immediate to Register/Memory 100000sw mod 0 0 0 r/m data Immediate to Accumulator 0000010w data data if w = 1 000100dw mod reg r/m ADC = Add with Carry: Register/Memory with Register to Either 3-28 data if s:w = 01 80C88 Instruction Set Summary (Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION 76543210 76543210 76543210 76543210 Immediate to Register/Memory 100000sw mod 0 1 0 r/m data data if s:w = 01 Immediate to Accumulator 0001010w data data if w = 1 1111111w mod 0 0 0 r/m INC = Increment: Register/Memory Register 0 1 0 0 0 reg AAA = ASCll Adjust for Add 00110111 DAA = Decimal Adjust for Add 00100111 SUB = Subtract: Register/Memory and Register to Either 001010dw mod reg r/m Immediate from Register/Memory 100000sw mod 1 0 1 r/m data Immediate from Accumulator 0010110w data data if w = 1 Register/Memory and Register to Either 000110dw mod reg r/m Immediate from Register/Memory 100000sw mod 0 1 1 r/m data Immediate from Accumulator 0001110w data data if w = 1 1111111w mod 0 0 1 r/m data if s:w = 01 SBB = Subtract with Borrow data if s:w = 01 DEC = Decrement: Register/Memory Register NEG = Change Sign 0 1 0 0 1 reg 1111011w mod 0 1 1 r/m Register/Memory and Register 001110dw mod reg r/m Immediate with Register/Memory 100000sw mod 1 1 1 r/m data Immediate with Accumulator 0011110w data data if w = 1 AAS = ASCll Adjust for Subtract 00111111 DAS = Decimal Adjust for Subtract 00101111 MUL = Multiply (Unsigned) 1111011w mod 1 0 0 r/m IMUL = Integer Multiply (Signed) 1111011w mod 1 0 1 r/m AAM = ASCll Adjust for Multiply 11010100 00001010 DlV = Divide (Unsigned) 1111011w mod 1 1 0 r/m IDlV = Integer Divide (Signed) 1111011w mod 1 1 1 r/m AAD = ASClI Adjust for Divide 11010101 00001010 CBW = Convert Byte to Word 10011000 CWD = Convert Word to Double Word 10011001 CMP = Compare: LOGIC NOT = Invert 1111011w mod 0 1 0 r/m SHL/SAL = Shift Logical/Arithmetic Left 110100vw mod 1 0 0 r/m SHR = Shift Logical Right 110100vw mod 1 0 1 r/m SAR = Shift Arithmetic Right 110100vw mod 1 1 1 r/m ROL = Rotate Left 110100vw mod 0 0 0 r/m ROR = Rotate Right 110100vw mod 0 0 1 r/m RCL = Rotate Through Carry Flag Left 110100vw mod 0 1 0 r/m 3-29 data if s:w = 01 80C88 Instruction Set Summary (Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION 76543210 76543210 110100vw mod 0 1 1 r/m Reg./Memory and Register to Either 0010000dw mod reg r/m Immediate to Register/Memory 1000000w Immediate to Accumulator 0010010w Register/Memory and Register 1000010w mod reg r/m Immediate Data and Register/Memory 1111011w mod 0 0 0 r/m data Immediate Data and Accumulator 1010100w data data if w = 1 Register/Memory and Register to Either 000010dw mod reg r/m Immediate to Register/Memory 1000000w mod 1 0 1 r/m data Immediate to Accumulator 0000110w data data if w = 1 Register/Memory and Register to Either 001100dw mod reg r/m Immediate to Register/Memory 1000000w mod 1 1 0 r/m data Immediate to Accumulator 0011010w data data if w = 1 disp-high RCR = Rotate Through Carry Right 76543210 76543210 mod 1 0 0 r/m data data if w = 1 data data if w = 1 AND = And: TEST = And Function to Flags, No Result: data if w = 1 OR = Or: data if w = 1 XOR = Exclusive or: STRING MANIPULATION REP = Repeat 1111001z MOVS = Move Byte/Word 1010010w CMPS = Compare Byte/Word 1010011w SCAS = Scan Byte/Word 1010111w LODS = Load Byte/Word to AL/AX 1010110w STOS = Stor Byte/Word from AL/A 1010101w CONTROL TRANSFER CALL = Call: Direct Within Segment 11101000 disp-low Indirect Within Segment 11111111 mod 0 1 0 r/m Direct Intersegment 10011010 offset-low offset-high seg-low seg-high Indirect Intersegment 11111111 mod 0 1 1 r/m Direct Within Segment 11101001 disp-low Direct Within Segment-Short 11101011 disp Indirect Within Segment 11111111 mod 1 0 0 r/m Direct Intersegment 11101010 offset-low offset-high seg-low seg-high JMP = Unconditional Jump: Indirect Intersegment 11111111 disp-high mod 1 0 1 r/m RET = Return from CALL: Within Segment 11000011 Within Seg Adding lmmed to SP 11000010 3-30 data-low data-high data if w = 1 80C88 Instruction Set Summary (Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION 76543210 76543210 76543210 11001010 data-low data-high JE/JZ = Jump on Equal/Zero 01110100 disp JL/JNGE = Jump on Less/Not Greater or Equal 01111100 disp JLE/JNG = Jump on Less or Equal/ Not Greater 01111110 disp JB/JNAE = Jump on Below/Not Above or Equal 01110010 disp JBE/JNA = Jump on Below or Equal/Not Above 01110110 disp Intersegment 11001011 Intersegment Adding Immediate to SP JP/JPE = Jump on Parity/Parity Even 01111010 disp JO = Jump on Overflow 01110000 disp JS = Jump on Sign 01111000 disp JNE/JNZ = Jump on Not Equal/Not Zero 01110101 disp JNL/JGE = Jump on Not Less/Greater or Equal 01111101 disp JNLE/JG = Jump on Not Less or Equal/Greater 01111111 disp JNB/JAE = Jump on Not Below/Above or Equal 01110011 disp JNBE/JA = Jump on Not Below or Equal/Above 01110111 disp JNP/JPO = Jump on Not Par/Par Odd 01111011 disp JNO = Jump on Not Overflow 01110001 disp JNS = Jump on Not Sign 01111001 disp LOOP = Loop CX Times 11100010 disp LOOPZ/LOOPE = Loop While Zero/Equal 11100001 disp LOOPNZ/LOOPNE = Loop While Not Zero/Equal 11100000 disp JCXZ = Jump on CX Zero 11100011 disp Type Specified 11001101 type Type 3 11001100 INTO = Interrupt on Overflow 11001110 IRET = Interrupt Return 11001111 INT = Interrupt PROCESSOR CONTROL CLC = Clear Carry 11111000 CMC = Complement Carry 11110101 STC = Set Carry 11111001 CLD = Clear Direction 11111100 STD = Set Direction 11111101 CLl = Clear Interrupt 11111010 ST = Set Interrupt 11111011 HLT = Halt 11110100 WAIT = Wait 10011011 ESC = Escape (to External Device) 11011xxx LOCK = Bus Lock Prefix 11110000 3-31 mod x x x r/m 76543210 80C88 Instruction Set Summary (Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION 76543210 NOTES: AL = 8-bit accumulator AX = 16-bit accumulator CX = Count register DS= Data segment ES = Extra segment Above/below refers to unsigned value. Greater = more positive; Less = less positive (more negative) signed values if d = 1 then “to” reg; if d = 0 then “from” reg if w = 1 then word instruction; if w = 0 then byte instruction if mod = 11 then r/m is treated as a REG field if mod = 00 then DISP = 0†, disp-low and disp-high are absent if mod = 01 then DISP = disp-low sign-extended 16-bits, disp-high is absent if mod = 10 then DISP = disp-high:disp-low if r/m = 000 then EA = (BX) + (SI) + DISP if r/m = 001 then EA = (BX) + (DI) + DISP if r/m = 010 then EA = (BP) + (SI) + DISP if r/m = 011 then EA = (BP) + (DI) + DISP if r/m = 100 then EA = (SI) + DISP if r/m = 101 then EA = (DI) + DISP if r/m = 110 then EA = (BP) + DISP † if r/m = 111 then EA = (BX) + DISP DISP follows 2nd byte of instruction (before data if required) † except if mod = 00 and r/m = 110 then EA = disp-high: disp-low. †† MOV CS, REG/MEMORY not allowed. 76543210 76543210 76543210 if s:w = 01 then 16-bits of immediate data form the operand. if s:w = 11 then an immediate data byte is sign extended to form the 16-bit operand. if v = 0 then “count” = 1; if v = 1 then “count” in (CL) x = don't care z is used for string primitives for comparison with ZF FLAG. SEGMENT OVERRIDE PREFIX 001 reg 11 0 REG is assigned according to the following table: 16-BIT (w = 1) 8-BIT (w = 0) SEGMENT 000 AX 000 AL 00 ES 001 CX 001 CL 01 CS 010 DX 010 DL 10 SS 011 BX 011 BL 11 DS 100 SP 100 AH 101 BP 101 CH 110 SI 110 DH 111 DI 111 BH Instructions which reference the flag register file as a 16-bit object use the symbol FLAGS to represent the file: FLAGS = X:X:X:X:(OF):(DF):(IF):(TF):(SF):(ZF):X:(AF):X:(PF):X:(CF) Mnemonics Intel, 1978 3-32