Ultralow Noise,200 mA, CMOS Linear Regulator ADP151 TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT VIN = 2.3V 1 VIN 2 GND 3 EN VOUT 5 VOUT = 1.8V 1µF 1µF ON NC 4 08627-001 Ultralow noise: 9 μV rms No noise bypass capacitor required Stable with 1 μF ceramic input and output capacitors Maximum output current: 200 mA Input voltage range: 2.2 V to 5.5 V Low quiescent current IGND = 10 μA with 0 load IGND = 265 μA with 200 mA load Low shutdown current: <1 μA Low dropout voltage: 140 mV at 200 mA load Initial accuracy: ±1% Accuracy over line, load, and temperature: ±2.5% 16 fixed output voltage options: 1.1 V to 3.3 V PSRR performance of 70 dB at 10 kHz Current limit and thermal overload protection Logic controlled enable Internal pull-down resistor on EN input 5-lead TSOT package 4-ball, 0.4mm pitch WLCSP OFF NC = NO CONNECT Figure 1. TSOT ADP151 with Fixed Output Voltage, 1.8 V VIN = 2.3V 1 2 VIN VOUT VOUT = 1.8V CIN A TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) ON OFF EN GND B COUT 1µF 08627-002 FEATURES Figure 2. WLCSP ADP151 with Fixed Output Voltage, 1.8 V APPLICATIONS RF, VCO, and PLL power supplies Mobile phones Digital camera and audio devices Portable and battery-powered equipment Post dc-to-dc regulation Portable medical devices GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ADP151 is an ultralow noise, low dropout, linear regulator that operates from 2.2 V to 5.5 V and provides up to 200 mA of output current. The low 140 mV dropout voltage at 200 mA load improves efficiency and allows operation over a wide input voltage range. Using an innovative circuit topology, the ADP151 achieves ultralow noise performance without the necessity of a bypass capacitor, making it ideal for noise-sensitive analog and RF applications. The ADP151 also achieves ultralow noise performance without compromising PSRR or transient line and load performance. The low 265 μA of quiescent current at 200 mA load makes the ADP151 suitable for battery-operated portable equipment. The ADP151 is specifically designed for stable operation with tiny 1 μF, ±30% ceramic input and output capacitors to meet the requirements of high performance, space constrained applications. The ADP151 is capable of 16 fixed output voltage options, ranging from 1.1 V to 3.3 V. Short-circuit and thermal overload protection circuits prevent damage in adverse conditions. The ADP151 is available in tiny 5-lead TSOT and 4-ball, 0.4 mm pitch, halide-free WLCSP packages for the smallest footprint solution to meet a variety of portable power application requirements. The ADP151 also includes an internal pull-down resistor on the EN input. Rev. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADP151 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Typical Performance Characteristics ..............................................7 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 11 Typical Application Circuit ............................................................. 1 Applications Information .............................................................. 12 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Capacitor Selection .................................................................... 12 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Enable Feature ............................................................................ 13 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Adjustable Output Voltage Operation ..................................... 13 Input and Output Capacitor, Recommended Specifications .. 4 Current Limit and Thermal Overload Protection ................. 15 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................ 5 Thermal Considerations............................................................ 15 Thermal Data ................................................................................ 5 Printed Circuit Board Layout Considerations ............................ 19 Thermal Resistance ...................................................................... 5 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 20 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 5 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 21 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 6 REVISION HISTORY 3/10—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 24 ADP151 SPECIFICATIONS VIN = (VOUT + 0.4 V) or 2.2 V, whichever is greater; EN= VIN, IOUT = 10 mA, CIN = COUT = 1 μF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT SHUTDOWN CURRENT Symbol VIN IGND IGND-SD Conditions TJ = −40°C to +125°C IOUT = 0 μA IOUT = 0 μA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C IOUT = 100 μA IOUT = 100 μA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 10 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C IOUT = 200 mA IOUT = 200 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C EN = GND EN = GND, TJ = −40°C to +125°C Min 2.2 IOUT = 10 mA TJ = −40°C to +125°C VOUT < 1.8 V 100 μA < IOUT < 200 mA, VIN = (VOUT + 0.4 V) to 5.5 V VOUT ≥1.8 V 100 μA < IOUT < 200 mA, VIN = (VOUT + 0.4 V) to 5.5 V TJ = −40°C to +125°C VOUT < 1.8 V 100 μA < IOUT < 200 mA, VIN = (VOUT + 0.4 V) to 5.5 V VOUT ≥1.8 V 100 μA < IOUT < 200 mA, VIN = (VOUT + 0.4 V) to 5.5 V Typ Max 5.5 1.0 Unit V μA μA μA μA μA μA μA μA μA μA −1 +1 % −3 +2 % −2.5 +1.5 % −2.5 +2 % −2 +1.5 % −0.05 +0.05 %/V 0.012 %/mA %/mA %/mA 10 20 20 40 60 90 265 350 0.2 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY TSOT WLCSP REGULATION Line Regulation Load Regulation (TSOT)1 Load Regulation (WLCSP)1 DROPOUT VOLTAGE2 TSOT WLCSP VOUT VOUT VOUT ∆VOUT/∆VIN VIN = (VOUT + 0.4 V) to 5.5 V, TJ = −40°C to +125°C ∆VOUT/∆IOUT VOUT < 1.8 V IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C VOUT ≥ 1.8 V IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C VOUT < 1.8 V IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C VOUT ≥1.8 V IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA IOUT = 100 μA to 200 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C IOUT = 10 mA IOUT = 10 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C IOUT = 200 mA IOUT = 200 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C IOUT = 200 mA IOUT = 200 mA, TJ = −40°C to +125°C ∆VOUT/∆IOUT VDROPOUT Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 24 0.006 0.003 0.008 0.004 0.009 0.002 0.006 10 30 150 230 135 200 %/mA %/mA %/mA %/mA %/mA %/mA %/mA mV mV mV mV mV mV ADP151 Parameter START-UP TIME3 CURRENT LIMIT THRESHOLD4 UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT Input Voltage Rising Input Voltage Falling Hysteresis THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown Threshold Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis EN INPUT EN Input Logic High EN Input Logic Low EN Input Pull-Down Resistance OUTPUT NOISE POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO VIN = VOUT + 0.5 V Symbol TSTART-UP ILIMIT Conditions VOUT = 3.3 V TJ = −40°C to +125°C TJ = −40°C to +125°C UVLORISE UVLOFALL UVLOHYS Min 220 Typ 180 300 Max 400 1.96 120 V V mV 150 15 °C °C 1.28 TSSD TSSD-HYS TJ rising VIH VIL REN OUTNOISE 2.2 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V 2.2 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V VIN = VEN = 5.5 V 10 Hz to 100 kHz, VIN = 5 V, VOUT = 3.3 V 10 Hz to 100 kHz, VIN = 5 V, VOUT = 2.5 V 10 Hz to 100 kHz, VIN = 5 V, VOUT = 1.1 V Unit µs mA 1.2 2.6 9 9 9 V V MΩ µV rms µV rms µV rms 70 55 70 55 70 55 dB dB dB dB dB dB 0.4 PSRR 10 kHz, VIN = 3.8 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 10 mA 100 kHz, VIN = 3.8 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 10 mA 10 kHz, VIN = 4.3 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 10 mA 100 kHz, VIN = 4.3 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 10 mA 10 kHz, VIN = 2.2 V, VOUT = 1.1 V, IOUT = 10 mA 100 kHz, VIN = 2.2 V, VOUT = 1.1 V, IOUT = 10 mA VIN = VOUT + 1 V Based on an end-point calculation using 0.1 mA and 200 mA loads. See Figure 6 for typical load regulation performance for loads less than 1 mA. Dropout voltage is defined as the input-to-output voltage differential when the input voltage is set to the nominal output voltage. This applies only for output voltages above 2.2 V. 3 Start-up time is defined as the time between the rising edge of EN and VOUT being at 90% of its nominal value. 4 Current limit threshold is defined as the current at which the output voltage drops to 90% of the specified typical value. For example, the current limit for a 3.0 V output voltage is defined as the current that causes the output voltage to drop to 90% of 3.0 V (that is, 2.7 V). 1 2 INPUT AND OUTPUT CAPACITOR, RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Minimum Input and Output Capacitance1 Capacitor ESR 1 Symbol CMIN Conditions TA = −40°C to +125°C Min 0.7 RESR TA = −40°C to +125°C 0.001 Typ Max Unit µF 0.2 Ω The minimum input and output capacitance should be greater than 0.7 μF over the full range of operating conditions. The full range of operating conditions in the application must be considered during device selection to ensure that the minimum capacitance specification is met. X7R and X5R type capacitors are recommended; Y5V and Z5U capacitors are not recommended for use with any LDO. Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 24 ADP151 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter VIN to GND VOUT to GND EN to GND Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Operating Ambient Temperature Range Soldering Conditions Rating −0.3 V to +6.5 V −0.3 V to VIN −0.3 V to +6.5V −65°C to +150°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C JEDEC J-STD-020 Stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. THERMAL DATA Absolute maximum ratings apply individually only, not in combination. The ADP151 can be damaged when the junction temperature limits are exceeded. Monitoring ambient temperature does not guarantee that TJ is within the specified temperature limits. In applications with high power dissipation and poor thermal resistance, the maximum ambient temperature may have to be derated. In applications with moderate power dissipation and low PCB thermal resistance, the maximum ambient temperature can exceed the maximum limit as long as the junction temperature is within specification limits. The junction temperature (TJ) of the device is dependent on the ambient temperature (TA), the power dissipation of the device (PD), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the package (θJA). Maximum junction temperature (TJ) is calculated from the ambient temperature (TA) and power dissipation (PD) using the formula specified values of θJA are based on a 4-layer, 4 in. × 3 in. circuit board. See JESD51-7 and JESD51-9 for detailed information on the board construction. For additional information, see the AN-617 Application Note, MicroCSP™ Wafer Level Chip Scale Package, available at www.analog.com. ΨJB is the junction-to-board thermal characterization parameter with units of °C/W. ΨJB of the package is based on modeling and calculation using a 4-layer board. The JESD51-12, Guidelines for Reporting and Using Electronic Package Thermal Information, states that thermal characterization parameters are not the same as thermal resistances. ΨJB measures the component power flowing through multiple thermal paths rather than a single path as in thermal resistance, θJB. Therefore, ΨJB thermal paths include convection from the top of the package as well as radiation from the package, factors that make ΨJB more useful in real-world applications. Maximum junction temperature (TJ) is calculated from the board temperature (TB) and power dissipation (PD) using the formula TJ = TB + (PD × ΨJB) See JESD51-8 and JESD51-12 for more detailed information about ΨJB. THERMAL RESISTANCE θJA and ΨJB are specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages. Table 3. Thermal Resistance Package Type 5-Lead TSOT 4-Ball, 0.4 mm Pitch WLCSP ESD CAUTION TJ = TA + (PD × θJA) Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θJA) of the package is based on modeling and calculation using a 4-layer board. The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly dependent on the application and board layout. In applications where high maximum power dissipation exists, close attention to thermal board design is required. The value of JθA may vary, depending on PCB material, layout, and environmental conditions. The Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 24 θJA 170 260 ΨJB 43 58 Unit °C/W °C/W ADP151 PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 5 VOUT A ADP151 EN 3 VIN VOUT TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 4 NC = NO CONNECT NC 08627-003 GND 2 2 B Figure 3. 5-Lead TSOT Pin Configuration EN GND 08627-004 VIN 1 1 Figure 4. 4-Ball WLCSP Pin Configuration Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. TSOT WLCSP 1 A1 2 B2 3 B1 Mnemonic VIN GND EN 4 5 NC VOUT N/A A2 Description Regulator Input Supply. Bypass VIN to GND with a 1 µF or greater capacitor. Ground. Enable Input. Drive EN high to turn on the regulator; drive EN low to turn off the regulator. For automatic startup, connect EN to VIN. No Connect. Not connected internally. Regulated Output Voltage. Bypass VOUT to GND with a 1 µF or greater capacitor. Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 24 ADP151 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 5 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 1 mA, CIN = COUT = 1 µF, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. 3.35 300 3.29 LOAD = 10µA LOAD = 100µA LOAD = 1mA LOAD = 10mA LOAD = 100mA LOAD = 200mA 3.27 3.25 –40 –5 25 85 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 200 100 LOAD = 10µA LOAD = 100µA LOAD = 1mA LOAD = 10mA LOAD = 100mA LOAD = 200mA 0 –40 –5 25 85 08627-008 GROUND CURRENT (µA) 3.31 08627-005 VOUT (V) 3.33 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 5. Output Voltage vs. Junction Temperature Figure 8. Ground Current vs. Junction Temperature 3.35 1k GROUND CURRENT (µA) VOUT (V) 3.33 3.31 3.29 100 0.1 1 10 100 10 0.01 08627-006 3.25 0.01 1000 ILOAD (mA) 0.1 1 10 100 08627-009 3.27 1000 ILOAD (mA) Figure 6. Output Voltage vs. Load Current Figure 9. Ground Current vs. Load Current 1k 3.35 LOAD = 10mA LOAD = 100mA LOAD = 200mA LOAD = 10µA LOAD = 100µA LOAD = 1mA 3.29 3.27 3.25 3.6 LOAD = 10µA LOAD = 100µA LOAD = 1mA LOAD = 10mA LOAD = 100mA LOAD = 200mA 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 VIN (V) 5.4 100 10 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 VIN (V) Figure 7. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage Figure 10. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 24 5.4 08627-010 GROUND CURRENT (µA) 3.31 08627-007 VOUT (V) 3.33 ADP151 0.35 0.30 700 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 600 500 400 300 200 100 0.05 –25 0 25 50 75 100 0 3.10 08627-011 0 –50 125 TEMPERATURE (°C) 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 VIN (V) Figure 11. Shutdown Current vs. Temperature at Various Input Voltages Figure 14. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (in Dropout) 120 0 –10 100 –20 200mA 100mA 10mA 1mA 100µA –30 80 PSRR (dB) DROPOUT (mA) IOUT = 1mA IOUT = 5mA IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 50mA IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 200mA 08627-014 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) 0.40 800 VIN = 3.6V VIN = 3.8V VIN = 4.2V VIN = 4.4V VIN = 4.8V VIN = 5.5V GROUND CURRENT (µA) 0.45 60 –40 –50 –60 40 –70 –80 20 10 100 1000 ILOAD (mA) –100 10 08627-012 1 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 12. Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current 08627-015 –90 0 Figure 15. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency, VOUT = 1.2 V 0 3.40 –10 3.35 –20 3.30 200mA 100mA 10mA 1mA 100µA –30 PSRR (dB) 3.20 3.15 IOUT = 1mA IOUT = 5mA IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 50mA IOUT = 100mA IOUT = 200mA 3.05 3.00 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.50 VIN (V) 3.55 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 –100 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 16. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency, VOUT = 2.8 V Figure 13. Output Voltage vs. Input Voltage (in Dropout) Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 24 08627-016 3.10 08627-013 VOUT (V) 3.25 ADP151 0 –10 –20 14 200mA 100mA 10mA 1mA 100µA 12 11 10 –30 9 NOISE (µV rms) PSRR (dB) 3.3V 2.8V 1.2V 1.1V 13 –40 –50 –60 8 7 6 5 –70 4 –80 3 2 –90 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 0 0.001 0 –20 1 10 100 1k Figure 20. Output Noise vs. Load Current and Output Voltage, VIN = 5 V, COUT = 1 μF 1 IOUT = 200mA IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 200mA IOUT = 10mA IOUT = 200mA IOUT = 10mA –40 (nV/ Hz) PSRR (dB) –30 VOUT = 3.3V, VOUT = 3.3V, VOUT = 2.8V, VOUT = 2.8V, VOUT = 1.1V, VOUT = 1.1V, 0.1 LOAD CURRENT (mA) Figure 17. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency, VOUT = 3.3 V –10 0.01 08627-020 1 08627-017 –100 10 –50 3.3V 2.8V 1.2V 1.1V 0.1 –60 –70 –80 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) –10 –20 IOUT IOUT IOUT IOUT 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 21. Output Noise Spectrum, VIN = 5 V, ILOAD = 10 mA, COUT = 1 μF Figure 18. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency at Various Output Voltages and Load Currents 0 0.01 10 08627-018 100 08627-021 –90 –100 10 T = 200mA, VIN = 3.3V = 10mA, VIN =3.3V = 200mA, VIN = 3.8V = 10mA, VIN = 3.8V LOAD CURRENT 1 PSRR (dB) –30 –40 –50 –60 2 VOUT –70 –80 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 10M Figure 19. Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs. Frequency at Various Voltages and Load Currents, VOUT = 2.8 V CH1 200mA CH2 50mV M20µs T 10.00% A CH1 64.0mA 08627-022 –100 10 08627-019 –90 Figure 22. Load Transient Response, CIN, COUT = 1 μF, ILOAD = 1 mA to 200 mA Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 24 ADP151 T T INPUT VOLTAGE INPUT VOLTAGE 2 2 VOUT VOUT CH1 1V CH2 2mV M10µs T 10.80% A CH1 4.56V CH1 1V Figure 23. Line Transient Response, CIN, COUT = 1 μF, ILOAD = 200 mA CH2 2mV M10µs T 10.80% A CH1 4.56V 08627-024 1 08627-023 1 Figure 24. Line Transient Response, CIN, COUT =1 μF, ILOAD = 1 mA Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 24 ADP151 THEORY OF OPERATION The ADP151 is an ultralow noise, low quiescent current, low dropout linear regulator that operates from 2.2 V to 5.5 V and can provide up to 200 mA of output current. Drawing a low 265 μA of quiescent current (typical) at full load makes the ADP151 ideal for battery-operated portable equipment. Shutdown current consumption is typically 200 nA. Using new innovative design techniques, the ADP151 provides superior noise performance for noise-sensitive analog and RF applications without the need for a noise bypass capacitor. The ADP151 is also optimized for use with small 1 µF ceramic capacitors. VIN VOUT R1 SHUTDOWN REN REFERENCE R2 08627-025 EN An internal pull-down resistor on the EN input holds the input low when the pin is left open. The ADP151 is available in 16 output voltage options, ranging from 1.1 V to 3.3 V. The ADP151 uses the EN pin to enable and disable the VOUT pin under normal operating conditions. When EN is high, VOUT turns on; when EN is low, VOUT turns off. For automatic startup, EN can be tied to VIN. SHORT CIRCUIT, UVLO, AND THERMAL PROTECT GND Internally, the ADP151 consists of a reference, an error amplifier, a feedback voltage divider, and a PMOS pass transistor. Output current is delivered via the PMOS pass device, which is controlled by the error amplifier. The error amplifier compares the reference voltage with the feedback voltage from the output and amplifies the difference. If the feedback voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the gate of the PMOS device is pulled lower, allowing more current to pass and increasing the output voltage. If the feedback voltage is higher than the reference voltage, the gate of the PMOS device is pulled higher, allowing less current to pass and decreasing the output voltage. Figure 25. Internal Block Diagram Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 24 ADP151 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Output Capacitor The ADP151 is designed for operation with small, space-saving ceramic capacitors but functions with most commonly used capacitors as long as care is taken with regard to the effective series resistance (ESR) value. The ESR of the output capacitor affects the stability of the LDO control loop. A minimum of 1 µF capacitance with an ESR of 1 Ω or less is recommended to ensure the stability of the ADP151. Transient response to changes in load current is also affected by output capacitance. Using a larger value of output capacitance improves the transient response of the ADP151 to large changes in load current. Figure 26 shows the transient responses for an output capacitance value of 1 µF. T LOAD CURRENT Figure 27 depicts the capacitance vs. voltage bias characteristic of an 0402, 1 µF, 10 V, X5R capacitor. The voltage stability of a capacitor is strongly influenced by the capacitor size and voltage rating. In general, a capacitor in a larger package or higher voltage rating exhibits better stability. The temperature variation of the X5R dielectric is ~±15% over the −40°C to +85°C temperature range and is not a function of package or voltage rating. 1.2 1.0 CAPACITANCE (µF) CAPACITOR SELECTION 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 0 2 4 6 8 VOLTAGE 2 10 08627-027 0.2 Figure 27. Capacitance vs. Voltage Characteristic VOUT CH2 50mV M20µs T 10.00% A CH1 64mA 08627-026 CH1 200mA Use Equation 1 to determine the worst-case capacitance accounting for capacitor variation over temperature, component tolerance, and voltage. CEFF = CBIAS × (1 − TEMPCO) × (1 − TOL) Figure 26. Output Transient Response, COUT = 1 µF Input Bypass Capacitor (1) where: CBIAS is the effective capacitance at the operating voltage. TEMPCO is the worst-case capacitor temperature coefficient. TOL is the worst-case component tolerance. Connecting a 1 µF capacitor from VIN to GND reduces the circuit sensitivity to printed circuit board (PCB) layout, especially when long input traces or high source impedance are encountered. If greater than 1 µF of output capacitance is required, the input capacitor should be increased to match it. In this example, the worst-case temperature coefficient (TEMPCO) over −40°C to +85°C is assumed to be 15% for an X5R dielectric. The tolerance of the capacitor (TOL) is assumed to be 10%, and CBIAS is 0.94 μF at 1.8 V, as shown in Figure 27. Input and Output Capacitor Properties Substituting these values in Equation 1 yields Any good quality ceramic capacitors can be used with the ADP151, as long as they meet the minimum capacitance and maximum ESR requirements. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior over temperature and applied voltage. Capacitors must have a dielectric adequate to ensure the minimum capacitance over the necessary temperature range and dc bias conditions. X5R or X7R dielectrics with a voltage rating of 6.3 V or 10 V are recommended. Y5V and Z5U dielectrics are not recommended, due to their poor temperature and dc bias characteristics. CEFF = 0.94 μF × (1 − 0.15) × (1 − 0.1) = 0.719 μF Therefore, the capacitor chosen in this example meets the minimum capacitance requirement of the LDO over temperature and tolerance at the chosen output voltage. To guarantee the performance of the ADP151, it is imperative that the effects of dc bias, temperature, and tolerances on the behavior of the capacitors be evaluated for each application. Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 24 ADP151 ENABLE FEATURE 3.5 3.0 3.0 ENABLE VOLTAGE The ADP151 uses the EN pin to enable and disable the VOUT pin under normal operating conditions. As shown in Figure 28, when a rising voltage on EN crosses the active threshold, VOUT turns on. When a falling voltage on EN crosses the inactive threshold, VOUT turns off. 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 ENABLE 3.3V 2.8V 1.1V 0.5 VOUT 2.0 0 0 1.5 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 TIME (µs) 08627-030 2.5 Figure 30. Typical Start-Up Behavior 1.0 ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE OPERATION 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 ENABLE VOLTAGE Figure 28. ADP151 Typical EN Pin Operation As shown in Figure 28, the EN pin has hysteresis built in. This prevents on/off oscillations that can occur due to noise on the EN pin as it passes through the threshold points. The EN pin active/inactive thresholds are derived from the VIN voltage. Therefore, these thresholds vary with changing input voltage. Figure 29 shows typical EN active/inactive thresholds when the input voltage varies from 2.2 V to 5.5 V. The unique architecture of the ADP151 makes an adjustable version difficult to implement in silicon. However, it is possible to create an adjustable regulator at the expense of increasing the quiescent current of the regulator circuit. The ADP151, and similar LDOs, are designed to regulate the output voltage, VOUT, appearing at the VOUT pin with respect to the GND pin. If the GND pin is at a potential other than 0 V (for example, at VOFFSET), the ADP151 output voltage is VOUT + VOFFSET. By taking advantage of this behavior, it is possible to create an adjustable ADP151 circuit that retains most of the desirable characteristics of the ADP151. VIN 1 2 GND 3 EN VOUT C2 NC 4 VOFFSET VEN RISE 800 VOUT 5 U1 1000 ENABLE VOLTAGE VIN C1 1200 R2 VEN FALL R1 C3 VOUT = VLDO × (1 + R1/R2) 600 08627-131 0 08627-028 0.5 Figure 31. Adjustable LDO Using the ADP151 400 0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 INPUT VOLTAGE 5.5 08627-029 200 Figure 29. Typical EN Pin Thresholds vs. Input Voltage The ADP151 uses an internal soft start to limit the inrush current when the output is enabled. The start-up time for the 3.3 V option is approximately 160 μs from the time the EN active threshold is crossed to when the output reaches 90% of its final value. As shown in Figure 30, the start-up time is dependent on the output voltage setting. The circuit shown in Figure 31 is an example of an adjustable LDO using the ADP151. A stable VOFFSET voltage is created by passing a known current through R2. The current through R2 is determined by the voltage across R1. Because the voltage across R1 is set by the voltage between VOUT and GND, the current passing through R2 is fixed, and VOFFSET is stable. To minimize the effect variation of the ADP151 ground current, IGND, with load, it is best to keep R1 as small as possible. It is also best to size the current passing through R2 to at least 20× greater than the maximum expected ground current. To create a 4 V LDO circuit, start with the 3.3 V version of the ADP151 to minimize the value of R2. Because VOUT is 4 V, VOFFSET must be 0.7 V, and the current through R2 must be 7 mA. R1 is, therefore, 3.3 V/7 mA or 471 Ω. A 470 Ω standard value introduces less than 1% error. Capacitor C3 is necessary to stabilize the LDO; a value of 1 μF is adequate. Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 24 ADP151 Figure 32 through Figure 36 show the typical performance of the 4 V LDO circuit. 11 10 9 8 1 10 100 1k LOAD CURRENT (mA) 08627-134 The PSRR of the 4 V circuit is as much as 10 dB poorer than the 3.3. V LDO with 500 mV of headroom because the ground current of the LDO varies somewhat with input voltage. This, in turn, modulates VOFFSET and reduces the PSRR of the regulator. By increasing the headroom to 1 V, the PSRR performance is nearly restored to the performance of the fixed output LDO. NOISE (µV rms) The noise performance of the 4 V LDO circuit is only about 1 μV worse than the same LDO used at 3.3 V because the output noise of the circuit is almost solely determined by the LDO and not the external components. The small difference may be attributed to the internally generated noise in the LDO ground current working with R2. By keeping R2 small, this noise contribution can be minimized. Figure 34. 4 V Load Circuit, Typical RMS Output Noise, 10 Hz to 100 kHz T 4.04 4.03 1 4.02 VOUT (V) 4.01 4.00 2 3.97 3.96 LOAD = 10mA LOAD = 20mA LOAD = 50mA LOAD = 100mA LOAD = 150mA LOAD = 200mA –40 CH1 100mA –5 25 85 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) 08627-132 3.98 4.035 4.030 M40µs T 10.20% A CH1 52.0mA Figure 35. 4 V Load Circuit, Typical PSRR vs. Load Current, 1 V Headroom Figure 32. 4 V LDO Circuit, Typical Load Regulation over Temperature 4.040 CH2 50mV 08627-135 3.99 T LOAD = 10mA LOAD = 20mA LOAD = 50mA LOAD = 100mA LOAD = 150mA LOAD = 200mA 1 VOUT (V) 4.025 4.020 2 4.015 4.005 4.6 4.8 5.0 VIN (V) 5.2 5.4 08627-133 CH1 100mA 4.000 4.4 CH2 50mV M40µs T 10.20% A CH1 52.0mA 08627-136 4.010 Figure 36. 4 V Load Circuit, Typical PSRR vs. Load Current, 500 mV Headroom Figure 33. 4 V LDO Circuit, Typical Line Regulation over Load Current Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 24 ADP151 CURRENT LIMIT AND THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION The ADP151 is protected against damage due to excessive power dissipation by current and thermal overload protection circuits. The ADP151 is designed to current limit when the output load reaches 300 mA (typical). When the output load exceeds 300 mA, the output voltage is reduced to maintain a constant current limit. Thermal overload protection is included, which limits the junction temperature to a maximum of 150°C (typical). Under extreme conditions (that is, high ambient temperature and power dissipation) when the junction temperature starts to rise above 150°C, the output is turned off, reducing the output current to 0. When the junction temperature drops below 135°C, the output is turned on again, and output current is restored to its nominal value. Consider the case where a hard short from VOUT to ground occurs. At first, the ADP151 current limits, so that only 300 mA is conducted into the short. If self-heating of the junction is great enough to cause its temperature to rise above 150°C, thermal shutdown activates, turning off the output and reducing the output current to 0. As the junction temperature cools and drops below 135°C, the output turns on and conducts 300 mA into the short, again causing the junction temperature to rise above 150°C. This thermal oscillation between 135°C and 150°C causes a current oscillation between 300 mA and 0 mA that continues as long as the short remains at the output. Current and thermal limit protections are intended to protect the device against accidental overload conditions. For reliable operation, device power dissipation must be externally limited so that junction temperatures do not exceed 125°C. THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS In most applications, the ADP151 does not dissipate much heat due to its high efficiency. However, in applications with high ambient temperature, high supply voltage to output voltage differential, the heat dissipated in the package is large enough that it can cause the junction temperature of the die to exceed the maximum junction temperature of 125°C. When the junction temperature exceeds 150°C, the converter enters thermal shutdown. It recovers only after the junction temperature has decreased below 135°C to prevent any permanent damage. Therefore, thermal analysis for the chosen application is very important to guarantee reliable performance over all conditions. The junction temperature of the die is the sum of the ambient temperature of the environment and the temperature rise of the package due to the power dissipation, as shown in Equation 2. changes. These parameters include ambient temperature, power dissipation in the power device, and thermal resistances between the junction and ambient air (θJA). The θJA number is dependent on the package assembly compounds that are used and the amount of copper used to solder the package GND pins to the PCB. Table 5 shows typical θJA values of the 5-lead TSOT package for various PCB copper sizes. Table 6 shows the typical ΨJB values of the 5-lead TSOT and 4-ball WLCSP. Table 5. Typical θJA Values Copper Size (mm2) 01 50 100 300 500 1 TSOT 170 152 146 134 131 θJA (°C/W) WLCSP 260 159 157 153 151 Device soldered to minimum size pin traces. Table 6. Typical ΨJB Values Model TSOT WLCSP ΨJB (°C/W) 43 58 The junction temperature of the ADP151 can be calculated from the following equation: TJ = TA + (PD × θJA) (2) where: TA is the ambient temperature. PD is the power dissipation in the die, given by PD = [(VIN − VOUT) × ILOAD] + (VIN × IGND) (3) where: ILOAD is the load current. IGND is the ground current. VIN and VOUT are input and output voltages, respectively. Power dissipation due to ground current is quite small and can be ignored. Therefore, the junction temperature equation simplifies to the following: TJ = TA + {[(VIN − VOUT) × ILOAD] × θJA} (4) As shown in Equation 4, for a given ambient temperature, inputto-output voltage differential, and continuous load current, there exists a minimum copper size requirement for the PCB to ensure that the junction temperature does not rise above 125°C. Figure 37 to Figure 50 show junction temperature calculations for different ambient temperatures, load currents, VIN-to-VOUT differentials, and areas of PCB copper. To guarantee reliable operation, the junction temperature of the ADP151 must not exceed 125°C. To ensure that the junction temperature stays below this maximum value, the user must be aware of the parameters that contribute to junction temperature Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 24 ADP151 140 140 MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 Figure 37. WLCSP 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 140 MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 100 80 60 40 20 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 Figure 38. WLCSP 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 Figure 41. WLCSP 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C 140 140 MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 120 100 80 60 40 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 08627-033 20 0 0.3 1.3 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA Figure 39. WLCSP 50 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 Figure 42. WLCSP 50 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 24 4.8 08627-036 0 0.3 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 120 08627-035 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 120 08627-032 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 1.8 Figure 40. WLCSP 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C 140 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 1.3 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 08627-034 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 120 08627-031 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE ADP151 140 140 MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 100 80 60 40 20 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 Figure 43. TSOT 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 4.3 4.8 80 60 40 20 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 08627-041 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 100 08627-038 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 3.8 MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 120 Figure 44. TSOT 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C Figure 47. TSOT 100 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C 140 140 MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 120 100 80 60 40 20 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 08627-039 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 140 MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE 0 0.3 1.8 Figure 46. TSOT 500 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C 140 0 0.3 1.3 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA Figure 45. TSOT 50 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 25°C ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 Figure 48. TSOT 50 mm2 of PCB Copper, TA = 50°C Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 24 4.8 08627-042 0 0.3 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 120 08627-040 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) 120 08627-037 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE ADP151 In the case where the board temperature is known, use the thermal characterization parameter, ΨJB, to estimate the junction temperature rise (see Figure 49 and Figure 50). Maximum junction temperature (TJ) is calculated from the board temperature (TB) and power dissipation (PD) using the following formula: MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE The typical value of ΨJB is 58°C/W for the 4-ball WLCSP package and 43°C/W for the 5-lead TSOT package. 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 120 0 0.3 100 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) Figure 50. TSOT, TA = 85°C 80 60 40 20 0 0.3 ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 10mA ILOAD = 50mA 0.8 1.3 1.8 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 150mA ILOAD = 200mA 2.3 2.8 3.3 VIN – VOUT (V) 3.8 4.3 4.8 08627-043 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) MAXIMUM JUNCTION TEMPERATURE Figure 49. WLCSP, TA = 85°C Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 24 3.8 4.3 4.8 08627-044 (5) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE, TJ (°C) TJ = TB + (PD × ΨJB) 140 ADP151 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS Heat dissipation from the package can be improved by increasing the amount of copper attached to the pins of the ADP151. However, as listed in Table 5, a point of diminishing returns is eventually reached, beyond which an increase in the copper size does not yield significant heat dissipation benefits. 08627-046 Place the input capacitor as close as possible to the VIN and GND pins. Place the output capacitor as close as possible to the VOUT and GND pins. Use of 0402 or 0603 size capacitors and resistors achieves the smallest possible footprint solution on boards where area is limited. 08627-045 Figure 52. Example WLCSP PCB Layout Figure 51. Example TSOT PCB Layout Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 24 ADP151 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 2.90 BSC 5 4 2.80 BSC 1.60 BSC 1 2 3 0.95 BSC 1.90 BSC *1.00 MAX 0.10 MAX 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.08 SEATING PLANE 8° 4° 0° 0.60 0.45 0.30 100708-A *0.90 MAX 0.70 MIN *COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-193-AB WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PACKAGE HEIGHT AND THICKNESS. Figure 53. 5-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package [TSOT] (UJ-5) Dimensions show in millimeters 0.660 0.600 0.540 SEATING PLANE 2 1 A 0.280 0.260 0.240 BALL A1 IDENTIFIER B 0.40 BALL PITCH TOP VIEW (BALL SIDE DOWN) 0.230 0.200 0.170 BOTTOM VIEW (BALL SIDE UP) 0.050 NOM COPLANARITY Figure 54. 4-Ball Wafer Level Chip Scale Package [WLCSP] (CB-4-3) Dimensions show in millimeters Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 24 011509-A 0.430 0.400 0.370 0.800 0.760 SQ 0.720 ADP151 ORDERING GUIDE Model1 ADP151ACBZ-1.2-R7 ADP151ACBZ-1.5-R7 ADP151ACBZ-1.8-R7 ADP151ACBZ-2.5-R7 ADP151ACBZ-2.75-R7 ADP151ACBZ-2.8-R7 ADP151ACBZ-2.85-R7 ADP151ACBZ-3.0-R7 ADP151ACBZ-3.3-R7 ADP151ACBZ-2.1-R7 ADP151AUJZ-1.2-R7 ADP151AUJZ-1.5-R7 ADP151AUJZ-1.8-R7 ADP151AUJZ-2.5-R7 ADP151AUJZ-2.8-R7 ADP151AUJZ-3.0-R7 ADP151AUJZ-3.3-R7 Temperature Range –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C –40°C to +125°C Output Voltage (V) 2 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.75 2.8 2.85 3.0 3.3 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 Package Description 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 4-Ball WLCSP 5-Lead TSOT 5-Lead TSOT 5-Lead TSOT 5-Lead TSOT 5-Lead TSOT 5-Lead TSOT 5-Lead TSOT Z = RoHS Compliant Part. For additional voltage options, contact a local Analog Devices, Inc., sales or distribution representative. 3 This package option is halide free. 1 2 Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 24 Package Option CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 CB-4-33 UJ-5 UJ-5 UJ-5 UJ-5 UJ-5 UJ-5 UJ-5 Branding 4R 4S 4T 4U 4V 4X 4Y 4Z 50 5E LF6 LF7 LF8 LF9 LFG LFH LFJ ADP151 NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 24 ADP151 NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 24 ADP151 NOTES ©2010 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D08627-0-3/10 Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 24