Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR Features Description 5.0A minimum guaranteed output current The GM66500 series is 5.0A low-dropout linear voltage regulators that provide a low-voltage, high-current output with a minimum of external components. 400mV dropout voltage Designed for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion The GM66500 series offers extremely low dropout (typically 400mV at 5.0A) and low ground current (typically 70mA at 5.0A). Designed for 2.5V to 1.8V conversion 1% initial accuracy Low ground current The GM66500 series is ideal for PC add-in cards that need Current limiting and Thermal shutdown to convert from standard 3.0V to 2.5V and 2.5V to 1.8V, down to new, lower core voltages. A guaranteed maximum Reversed-battery and reversed-lead insertion dropout voltage of 500mV over all operating conditions protection allows the GM66500 series to provide 2.5V from a supply Reversed-leakage protection as low as 3V. The GM66500 series also has fast transient response, for heavy switching applications. The Fast transient response device requires only 47µF of output capacitance to TO-220 and TO-263 packages maintain stability and achieve fast transient response. TTL/CMOS compatible enable pin (GM66501 only) The GM66500 series is fully protected with overcurrent limiting, thermal shutdown, reversed-battery protection, reversed-lead insertion protection, and reversed-leakage protection. Error flag output (GM66501 only) Ceramic capacitor stable (See Application Information) Application The GM66501 series offers a TTL-logic-compatible enable pin and an error flag that indicates undervoltage and overcurrent conditions. Offered in a fixed voltages, 1.8V and 2.5V, the GM66500 series comes in the TO-220 and TO-263 packages and is an ideal upgrade to older, NPNbased linear voltage regulators. TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS 100kW VIN 3.3V VOUT 2.5V VOUT VIN GM66501 - 2.5 ENABLE SHUTDOWN VEN ERROR FLAG OUTPUT FLG GM66500 - 2.5 + 1.0µF + 47µF VOUT VIN VIN 3.3V GND VOUT 2.5V GND + 1.0µF + 47µF GM 431 www.gammamicro.com GM66500 SERIES V0.2 Low Voltage Digital ICs LDO linear regulator for PC add-in cards High-efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Multimedia and PC processor supplies Low-voltage microcontrollers Strong ARMTM processor supply 1 Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR MARKING INFORMATION & PIN CONFIGURATIONS (TOP VIEW) 2 GM66500 GM66500 VVAYWW VVAYWW VIN VIN GND TO-263-5(D PAK) GM66501 GM66501 VVAYWW VVAYWW VOUT GND 2 TO-220- 5 TO-220 TO-263-2 (D PAK) VOUT EN VIN FLG GND EN VIN VOUT FLG GND VOUT Pinout On all devices, the Tab is grounded. VV A Y WW = Output Voltage (18=1.8V , 25=2.5V) = Assembly Location = Year = Weekly GM66500/ Three Terminal Pin 1 = Input, 2 = Ground, 3 = Output GM66501/ Five Terminal (Fixed Voltage Devices) Pin 1 = Enable, 2 = Input, 3 = Ground, 4 = Output, 5 = Flag ORDERING INFORMATION OUTPUT VOLTAGE PACKAGE SHIPPING GM66500-1.8TA3T 1.8V TO-263-2 50 Units/ Tube GM66500-1.8TA3R 1.8V TO-263-2 800 Units/ Tape & Reel GM66500-1.8TB3T 1.8V TO-220 GM66500-2.5TA3T 2.5V TO-263-2 50 Units/ Tube GM66500-2.5TA3R 2.5V TO-263-2 800 Units/ Tape & Reel GM66500-2.5TB3T 2.5V TO-220 50 Units/ Tube GM66500-3.3TA3T 3.3V TO-263-2 50 Units/ Tube GM66500-3.3TA3R 3.3V TO-263-2 800 Units/ Tape & Reel GM66500-3.3TB3T 3.3V TO-220 GM66500-5.0TA3T ORDERING NUMBER GM66500 SERIES GM66500 2 50 Units/ Tube 50 Units/ Tube 5.0V TO-263-2 50 Units/ Tube GM66500-5.0TA3R 5.0V TO-263-2 800 Units/ Tape & Reel GM66500-5.0TB3T 5.0V TO-220 50 Units/ Tube GM66501-1.8TA5T 1.8V TO-263-5 50 Units/ Tube GM66501-1.8TA5R 1.8V TO-263-5 800 Units/ Tape & Reel GM66501-1.8TB5T 1.8V TO-220-5 50 Units/ Tube GM66501-2.5TA5T 2.5V TO-263-5 50 Units/ Tube GM66501-2.5TA5R 2.5V TO-263-5 800 Units/ Tape & Reel GM66501-2.5TB5T 2.5V TO-220-5 50 Units/ Tube GM66501 * For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page. Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR PIN DESCRIPTION PIN number GM66500 PIN Number GM66501 PIN Name 1 VEN Enable (Input): TTL/CMOS compatible input. Logic high=enable; logic low or open=shutdown. 1 2 VIN Unregulated Input: +16V maximum supply. 2, TAB 3, TAB GND Ground: Ground pin and TAB are internally connected. 3 4 VOUT Regulator Output. 5 FLG Error Flag (Output): Open collector output. Active low indicates an output fault condition. PIN Function ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Symbol Value Unit Power Dissipation PD Internally limited W Input Supply Voltage (Note 1) VIN -20 to +20 V Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 sec ) TLEAD 260 °C Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 to +150 °C Symbol Value Unit Parameter EDS, Note 3 OPERATING RATINGS Parameter Supply Voltage VIN + 2.25 to +16 V Enable Voltage VEN +16 V Operating junction Temperature Range TJ -40 to +125 °C Thermal Resistance (TO-263-2 ,TO-220) qJC 2.0 °C/W BLOCK DIAGRAM IN OUT O.V. ILimit 18V + FLAG* - 1.18V Ref. 1.24V + - EN* Thermal Shut-down GND * GM66501 ONLY GM66500 SERIES Maximum Power Dissipation, Note 4 3 Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TJ = 25°C, bold values indicate -40°C Parameter Conditions Min IO = 10 mA -1 Output Voltage 10mA TJ +125°C; unless noted IOUT 5A, VOUT + 1.0V 16V Typ Max Unit 1 % 2 % Line Regulation IOUT = 10mA,VOUT + 1.0V VIN 16V 0.06 0.5 % Load Regulation VIN = VOUT + 1.0V, 10mA IOUT 5A 0.20 1.0 % DVOUT / DT 20 100 ppm/°C 125 320 400 250 mV Output Voltage change with Temperature Coef. Note 5 Dropout Voltage Note 6 Ground Current Note 7 V IN -2 DVOUT = -2% (Note 3) IOUT = 250mA IOUT = 2.5A IOUT = 5A IOUT = 2.5A, VIN = VOUT + 0.8V IOUT = 5A, VIN = VOUT + 0.8V Charactize 575 15 70 mA mA Ground Pin Current at Dropout IGNDDO VIN VOUT(nominal) -0.5V, IOUT=10mA 2.1 Current Limit VOUT= 0V, VIN = VOUT + 1.0V (Note 4) 7.5 A 260 µV (rms) Output Noise Voltage COUT = 47µF, lOUT = 100mA, 10Hz to 100kHz Enable Input (GM66501) Logic Low (off) 0.8 V Enable Input Voltage Logic high (on) Enable Input Current 2.25 V 30 VEN = VIN VEN = 0.8V Shutdown Output Current (Note 8) 35 75 µA 2 4 µA µA 10 Flag Output (GM66501) VOH = 16V 0.01 Output Low Voltage VIN = 2.25V, IOL= 250µA (Note 9) 220 Low Threshold 1% of VOUT High Threshold 1% of VOUT Output Leakage Current GM66500 SERIES Hysteresis 4 Note Note Note Note 1 2 300 400 µA mV % 93 99.2 % % 1 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handing precautions recommended. 4. P D(max) =(T J(max) -T A ) ÷ q JA , where q JA depends upon the printed circuit layout. See "Applications Information". Note 5. Output voltage temperature coefficient is DV OUT(worst case) ÷ (TJ(max) - TJ(min) ) where T J(max) is +125°C and T J(min) is -40°C. Note 6. V DO =V IN -V OUT when VOUT decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with V IN =V OUT +1V. For voltages below 2.25V, dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage being 2.25V. Minimum input operating voltage is 2.25V. Note 7. I GND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT Note 8. V EN 0.8V, V IN 8V, and VOUT = 0V Note 9. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.25V(device is in dropout). Note 10.Design with proper heat sink to dissapate heat to keep chip from thermal protection when V IN -V OUT 0.6V Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS VOUT = 1.8V VOUT = 1.8V 250 VOUT = 2.5V 150 400 VOUT = 2.5V 300 200 100 100 50 2.4 ILOAD = 2.5A 2.2 ILOAD = 5A 2 1.8 1.6 9 VOUT = 1.8V 3 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 0 -40 -20 80 100 120 140 ILOAD = 5A VIN = VOUT = 1V 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (°C) Figure 7. Ground Current vs. Temperature Typical 1.8V Device 6 5 4 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 VIN = VOUT + 1V 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (°C) Figure 8. Short Circuit Current vs. Temperature Flag Low (Fault) 0 Resistance (k ) Figure 9. Error Flag Pull-up Resistor 100000 20 7 Flag High (OK) 5 10000 30 Typical 2.5V Device 8 Flag Voltage(V) Short Circuit Current (A) 40 0 -40 -20 2.2 6 9 VOUT = 1.8V 60 80 100 120 140 Figure 6. Ground Current vs. Temperature 10 60 20 40 Temperature (°C) Figure 5. Ground Current vs. Temperature 80 VOUT = 2.5V 0 Temperature (°C) Figure 4. Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage 10 ILOAD = 2.5A VIN = VOUT + 1V 10 10 Supply Voltage (V) 50 1.8 5 1 8 1.6 10 0.1 6 VOUT = 1.8V 15 0.01 4 4 20 0.001 2 5 VOUT = 2.5V 1 0 0 6 2 ILOAD = 2.0A 20 VOUT = 2.5V 7 1000 ILOAD = 2.5A 40 25 8 100 ILOAD = 5A 60 30 ILOAD = 10mA VIN = VOUT + 1V Ground Current (mA) Ground Current (mA) 80 Input Voltage(V) Figure 3. Dropout Characteristics GM66500 SERIES 10 160 100 1.4 60 80 100 120 140 Figure 2. Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature 180 120 40 Temperature (°C) Output Current (mA) 140 0 20 1.4 5000 4000 4500 3000 3500 2000 2500 1000 1500 0 0 -40 -20 Figure 1. Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current 70 ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 5A 500 0 Ground Current (mA) Output Voltage (V) 300 200 2.6 500 350 Dropout Voltage (mV) Dropout Voltage (mV) 400 Ground Current (mA) 2.8 600 450 5 Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR APPLICATION INFORMATION The GM66500 series is a high-performance lowdropout voltage regulator, suitable for moderate to high-current voltage regulator applications. Its 400mV dropout voltage at full load makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as a high-efficiency noise filter in post-regulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, where the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the base-toemitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation Voltage. The GM66500 series regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear, output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. Transient protection allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. Calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet, where the ground current is taken from data sheet PD = (VIN - VOUT)IOUT + VIN IGND The heat sink thermal resistance is determined by: TJ(MAX) - TA qSA = - (qJC + qCS ) PD where TJ(max) 125°C and qCS is between 0°C and 2°C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage, and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low dropout properties of Super beta PNP regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0µF is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Output Capacitor GM66500 - X.X VIN VOUT VOUT VIN GND + CIN + COUT Figure 10. Capacitor Requirements GM66500 SERIES Thermal Design 6 Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires four application-specific parameters: Maximum ambient temperature (TA) Output Current (IOUT) Output Voltage (VOUT) Input Voltage (VIN) Ground Current (IGND) The GM66500 series requires an output capacitor to maintain stability and improve transient response. Proper capacitor selection is important to ensure proper operation. The GM66500 series output capacitor selection is dependent upon the ESR (equivalent series resistance) of the output capacitor to maintain stability. When the output capacitor is 47µF or greater, the output capacitor should have less than 1W of ESR. This will improve transient response as well as promote stability. Ultra-low-ESR capacitors, such as ceramic chip capacitors may promote instability. These very low ESR levels may cause an oscillation and/or underdamped transient response. When larger capacitors are used, the ESR requirement approaches zero. A 100µF ceramic capacitor can be used on the output while maintaining stability. A low-ESR 47µF solid tantalum capacitor works extremely well and provides good transient response and stability over temperature. Aluminum electrolytics can also be used, as long as the ESR of the capacitor is 1W . The value of the output capacitor can be increased without limit. Higher capacitance values help to improve transient response, ripple rejection, and reduce output noise. Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR Input Capacitor Error Flag An input capacitor of 1µF or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk as supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small surface mount ceramic chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. The GM66500 series version features an error flag circuit which monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output voltage. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V and 2.5V to 1.8V Conversions The GM66500 series has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 47µF output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. Larger values improve performance even further. By virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPNbased designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V to 1.8V, the NPN-based regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least. The error flag is an open-collector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition. Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown. When the error flag is not used, it is best to leave it open. The flag pin can be tied directly to pin 4, the output pin. Enable Input The GM66500 series version features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws "zero" current. The enable input is TTL/CMOS compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected to up to 20V. When enabled, it draws approximately 15µA. The GM66500 series regulator will provides excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.5V respectively. This gives the PNP-based regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. A typical NPN regulator does not have the headroom to do this conversion. Minimum Load Current GM66500 SERIES The GM66500 series regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper regulation. 7 Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR TO-220 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.50 ± 0.20 9.90 ± 0.20 3.60 ± 0.20 8.0 8.70 2.80 ± 0.10 7.0 +0.1 1.30 -0.05 3.70 ± 0.20 4.60 45° 18.95 MAX 8.40 1.46 1.00 3° 0.9 7.0 3° 1.27 ± 0.10 2.54 TYP (2.54 ± 0.20) 3° 3° 3.00 10.08 ± 0.30 13.08 ± 0.20 15.90 ± 0.20 1.50 DP0.20 9.20 ± 0.20 1.30 ± 0.10 1.70 3-R0.2 +0.1 0.80 ± 0.10 1.52 ± 0.10 0.50 -0.05 2.40 ± 0.20 3° 2 - R 0.3 Unit: mm 10.00 ± 0.20 TO-220-5 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 9.97 ± 0.20 4.50 ± 0.20 9.90 ± 0.20 3.60 ± 0.20 8.0 ± 0.20 8.70 2.80 ± 0.10 7.0 +0.1 1.30 -0.05 8 9.20 ± 0.20 4.60 8.40 15.90 ± 0.20 3.70 ± 0.20 1.2 3° 7.0 ± 0.20 28.78 MAX 1.50 DP0.20 9.20 ± 0.20 3° 3° 3-R0.2 13.08 ± 0.20 GM66500 SERIES 1.30 ± 0.10 1.70 5-0.8 ± 0.10 +0.1 0.50 -0.05 2.40 ± 0.20 1.7(TYP) 3° 3° 2 - R 0.3 Unit: mm 10.00 ± 0.20 Power Management A GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR TO-263-2 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 9.90 ± 0.20 4.50 ± 0.20 +0.1 1.30 -0.05 15° 0.40 1.20 Pad Layout 3° 1.50 DP0.20 0.63 17.02 0.33 8.38 9.20 ± 0.20 15.3 ± 0.20 1.4 ± 0.20 0.10 ± 0.01 3° 3° R0.30 2.40 ± 0.20 2.00 ± 0.10 4.90 ± 0.20 1.27 ± 0.10 2.54 TYP (2.54 ± 0.20) 0.42 10.66 0.24 6.096 2.54 ± 0.10 0.75 R0.30 0.90 ± 0.10 0.12 3.05 +0.1 0.50 -0.05 0.04 1.016 10.0 ± 0.20 7.0 4.0 0.40 3° ( Inches ) mm 0.90 3° R 0.3 R 0.45 7.2 9.20 ± 0.20 10.00 ± 0.20 4.90 ± 0.20 Unit: mm TO-263-5 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 9.90 4.50 1.30 15' 0.40 1.20 3° 4.60 9.20 Pad Layout 0.10 15.3 3° 2.00 4.90 17.5 9 2.40 R0.30 0.75 R0.30 1.7 2.54 0.50 1.70 TYP (1.70 ± 0.20) 0.80 0.40 3.8 11.5 1.20 10.0 8.0 7.0 4.40 1.07 1.75 3° 3° R 0.3 0.90 R 0.45 7.2 Units: mm 9.20 15.30 10.00 GM66500 SERIES 1.50 DP0.20 9 4.90 Unit: mm Power Management A A MICROELECTRONICS GM66500 SERIES 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR ORDERING NUMBER GM 66500/ 66501 1.8 TA3 T Gamma Micro. Shipping R: Tape & Reel T: Tube Circuit Type GM66500 SERIES Output Voltage 1.8: 1.8V 2.5: 2.5V 3.3: 3.3V 5.0: 5.0V 10 Package TA3: TO-263 TB3: TO-220 Power Management A GM66500 SERIES 5A ULTRA LOW - DROPOUT REGULATOR GM66500 SERIES A MICROELECTRONICS 11