ON MT9V023 1/3-inch wideâ vga cmos digital image sensor Datasheet

MT9V023
1/3-Inch Wide‐VGA CMOS
Digital Image Sensor
General Description
The ON Semiconductor MT9V023 is a 1/3-inch wide-VGA format
CMOS active-pixel digital image sensor with global shutter and high
dynamic range (HDR) operation. The sensor has specifically been
designed to support the demanding interior and exterior automotive
imaging needs, which makes this part ideal for a wide variety of
imaging applications in real-world environments.
This wide-VGA CMOS image sensor features ON Semiconductor’s
breakthrough low-noise CMOS imaging technology that achieves
CCD image quality (based on signal-to-noise ratio and low-light
sensitivity) while maintaining the inherent size, cost, and integration
advantages of CMOS.
The active imaging pixel array is 752 H x 480 V. It incorporates
sophisticated camera functions on-chip-such as binning 2 x 2 and
4 x 4, to improve sensitivity when operating in smaller resolutions-as
well as windowing, column and row mirroring. It is programmable
through a simple two-wire serial interface.
The MT9V023 can be operated in its default mode or be
programmed for frame size, exposure, gain setting, and other
parameters. The default mode outputs a wide-VGA-size image at 60
frames per second (fps).
An on-chip analog-to-digital converter (ADC) provides 10 bits per
pixel. A 12-bit resolution companded for 10 bits for small signals can
be alternatively enabled, allowing more accurate digitization for
darker areas in the image.
In addition to a traditional, parallel logic output the MT9V023 also
features a serial low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) output. The
sensor can be operated in a stereo-camera, and the sensor, designated
as a stereo-master, is able to merge the data from itself and the
stereo-slave sensor into one serial LVDS stream.
The sensor is designed to operate in a wide temperature range
(–40°C to +105°C).
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IBGA52 9x9
CASE 503AA
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 2 of
this data sheet.
• ADC: On-chip, 10-bit Column-parallel
•
•
•
Features
• Array Format: Wide-VGA, Active 752 H x 480 V (360,960 pixels)
• Global Shutter Photodiode Pixels; Simultaneous Integration and
Readout
• Monochrome or Color: NIR Enhanced Performance for Use with
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Non-visible NIR Illumination
Readout Modes: Progressive or Interlaced
Shutter Efficiency: >99%
Simple Two-wire Serial Interface
Real-time Exposure Context Switching - Dual Registerset
Register Lock Capability
Window Size: User Programmable to any Smaller Format (QVGA,
CIF, QCIF). Data Rate can be Maintained Independent of Window
Size
Binning: 2 x 2 and 4 x 4 of the Full Resolution
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2006
January, 2017 − Rev. 6
1
•
(Option to Operate in 12-bit to 10-bit
Companding Mode)
Automatic Controls: Auto Exposure Control
(AEC) and Auto Gain Control (AGC);
Variable Regional and Variable Weight
AEC/AGC
Support for Four Unique Serial Control
Register IDs to Control Multiple Imagers on
the Same Bus
Data Output Formats:
• Single Sensor Mode:
10-bit Parallel/Stand-alone
8-bit or 10-bit Serial LVDS
• Stereo Sensor Mode:
Interspersed 8-bit Serial LVDS
High Dynamic Range (HDR) Mode
Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Automotive
Unattended Surveillance
Stereo Vision
Smart Vision
Automation
Video as Input
Machine Vision
Publication Order Number:
MT9V023/D
MT9V023
Table 1. KEY PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
Parameter
Value
Optical Format
1/3-inch
Active Imager Size
4.51 mm (H) x 2.88 mm (V)
5.35 mm diagonal
Active Pixels
752 H x 480 V
Pixel Size
6.0 x 6.0 μm
Color Filter Array
Monochrome or color RGB Bayer
pattern
Shutter Type
Global Shutter
Maximum Data Rate
Master Clock
27 Mp/s
27 MHz
Full Resolution
752 x 480
Frame Rate
60 fps (at full resolution)
ADC Resolution
10-bit column-parallel
Responsivity
4.8 V/lux−sec (550 nm)
Dynamic Range
>55 dB linear;
>110 dB in HDR mode
Supply Voltage
3.3 V ± 0.3 V (all supplies)
Power Consumption
<160 mW at maximum data rate
(LVDS disabled); 120 μW standby
power
Operating Temperature
–40°C to +105°C ambient
Packaging
52-ball IBGA, automotive-qualified;
wafer or die
ORDERING INFORMATION
Table 2. AVAILABLE PART NUMBERS
Part Number
Product Description
Orderable Product Attribute Description
MT9V023IA7XTC−DP
VGA 1/3” GS CIS
Dry Pack with Protective Film
MT9V023IA7XTC−DR
VGA 1/3” GS CIS
Dry Pack without Protective Film
MT9V023IA7XTC−TP
VGA 1/3” GS CIS
Tape & Reel with Protective Film
MT9V023IA7XTC−TR
VGA 1/3” GS CIS
Tape & Reel without Protective Film
MT9V023IA7XTM−DR
VGA 1/3” GS CIS
Dry Pack without Protective Film
MT9V023IA7XTR−TP
VGA 1/3” GS CIS
Tape & Reel with Protective Film
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2
MT9V023
Serial
Register
I/O
Control Register
Active−Pixel
Sensor (APS)
Array
752H x 480V
Timing and Control
Analog Processing
ADCs
Parallel
Video
Data Out
Digital Processing
Serial Video
LVDS Out
Slave Video LVDS In
(for stereo applications only)
Figure 1. Block Diagram
A
1
2
3
VDD
SER_
DATAOUT
_P
SER_
DATAOUT
_N
CLKOUT
_N
LVDS
SHFT_
B
LVDS
GND
SHFT_
CLKOUT
_P
C
BYPASS
_CLKIN
_P
BYPASS
_CLKIN
_N
D
SER_
DATAIN
_P
SER_
DATAIN
_N
E
DOUT5
VDD
F
DOUT6
DOUT7
DGND
G
DOUT8
FRAME
STLN_
H
DOUT9
_VALID
4
5
VDD
DOUT1
DOUT4
VAAPIX
DGND
AGND
VAA
NC
NC
NC
NC
AGND
VAA
STAND−
BY
LED_
OUT
S_CTRL_
OUT
ERROR
OE
VDD
PIXCLK
LVDS
GND
LINE_
EXPO−
VALID
SURE
STFRM_
SCLK
DOUT0
Figure 2. 52-Ball IBGA Package
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3
8
DOUT3
CLK
OUT
7
DOUT2
SYS−
LVDS
SDATA
6
ADR0
RSVD
RESET_
BAR
S_CTRL
_ADR1
MT9V023
BALL DESCRIPTIONS
Table 3. BALL DESCRIPTIONS
Symbol
Type
H7
RSVD
Input
Connect to DGND.
D2
SER_DATAIN_N
Input
Serial data in for stereoscopy (differential negative).
Tie to 1KΩ pull-up (to 3.3 V) in non-stereoscopy
mode.
D1
SER_DATAIN_P
Input
Serial data in for stereoscopy (differential positive).
Tie to DGND in non-stereoscopy mode.
C2
BYPASS_CLKIN_N
Input
Input bypass shift-CLK (differential negative). Tie to
1KΩ pull-up (to 3.3 V) in non-stereoscopy mode.
C1
BYPASS_CLKIN_P
Input
Input bypass shift-CLK (differential positive). Tie to
DGND in non-stereoscopy mode.
H3
EXPOSURE
Input
Rising edge starts exposure in snapshot and slave
modes.
H4
SCLK
Input
Two-wire serial interface clock. Connect to VDD with
1.5 K resistor even when no other two-wire serial
interface peripheral is attached.
H6
OE
Input
DOUT enable pad, active HIGH.
G7
S_CTRL_ADR0
Input
Two-wire serial interface slave address select (see
Table 6).
H8
S_CTRL_ADR1
Input
Two-wire serial interface slave address select (see
Table 6).
G8
RESET_BAR
Input
Asynchronous reset. All registers assume defaults.
F8
STANDBY
Input
Shut down sensor operation for power saving.
A5
SYSCLK
Input
Master clock (26.6 MHz; 13 MHz – 27 MHz).
G4
SDATA
I/O
Two-wire serial interface data. Connect to VDD with
1.5 K resistor even when no other two-wire serial
interface peripheral is attached.
G3
STLN_OUT
I/O
Output in master mode−start line sync to drive slave
chip in-phase; input in slave mode.
G5
STFRM_OUT
I/O
Output in master mode−start frame sync to drive a
slave chip in-phase; input in slave mode.
H2
LINE_VALID
Output
Asserted when DOUT data is valid.
G2
FRAME_VALID
Output
Asserted when DOUT data is valid.
E1
DOUT5
Output
Parallel pixel data output 5.
F1
DOUT6
Output
Parallel pixel data output 6.
F2
DOUT7
Output
Parallel pixel data output 7.
G1
DOUT8
Output
Parallel pixel data output 8
H1
DOUT9
Output
Parallel pixel data output 9.
H5
ERROR
Output
Error detected. Directly connected to STEREO
ERROR FLAG.
G6
LED_OUT
Output
LED strobe output.
B7
DOUT4
Output
Parallel pixel data output 4.
A8
DOUT3
Output
Parallel pixel data output 3.
A7
DOUT2
Output
Parallel pixel data output 2.
B6
DOUT1
Output
Parallel pixel data output 1.
A6
DOUT0
Output
Parallel pixel data output 0.
52-Ball IBA Numbers
Description
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Note
1
2
MT9V023
Table 3. BALL DESCRIPTIONS (continued)
52-Ball IBA Numbers
Symbol
Type
Description
B5
PIXCLK
Output
Pixel clock out. DOUT is valid on rising edge of this
clock.
B3
SHFT_CLKOUT_N
Output
Output shift CLK (differential negative).
B2
SHFT_CLKOUT_P
Output
Output shift CLK (differential positive).
A3
SER_DATAOUT_N
Output
Serial data out (differential negative).
A2
SER_DATAOUT_P
Output
Serial data out (differential positive).
B4, E2
VDD
Supply
Digital power 3.3 V.
C8, F7
VAA
Supply
Analog power 3.3 V.
B8
VAAPIX
Supply
Pixel power 3.3 V.
A1, A4
VDDLVDS
Supply
Dedicated power for LVDS pads.
B1, C3
LVDSGND
Ground
Dedicated GND for LVDS pads.
C6, F3
DGND
Ground
Digital GND.
C7, F6
AGND
Ground
Analog GND.
E7, E8, D7, D8
NC
NC
No connect.
Note
3
1. Pin H7 (RSVD) must be tied to GND.
2. Output enable (OE) tri-states signals DOUT0–DOUT9, LINE_VALID, FRAME_VALID, and PIXCLK.
3. No connect. These pins must be left floating for proper operation.
10K Ω
1.5KΩ
Master Clock
VDDLVDS
VAA
VAAPIX
VDD
VAA
VAAPIX
DOUT(9:0)
LINE_VALID
FRAME_VALID
PIXCLK
SYSCLK
OE
RESET_BAR
EXPOSURE
STANDBY
S_CTRL_ADR0
S_CTRL_ADR1
SCLK
SDATA
STANDBY from
Controller or
Digital GND
Two−Wire
Serial Interface
RSVD
0.1μ F
Note:
VDD
LED_OUT
ERROR
DGND LVDSGND
To Controller
To LED output
AGND
LVDS signals are to be left floating.
Figure 3. Typical Configuration (Connection) − Parallel Output Mode
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MT9V023
PIXEL DATA FORMAT
Pixel Array Structure
pixels. While the sensor’s format is 752 x 480, one
additional active column and active row are included for use
when horizontal or vertical mirrored readout is enabled, to
allow readout to start on the same pixel. This one pixel
adjustment is always performed, for monochrome or color
versions. The active area is surrounded with optically
transparent dummy pixels to improve image uniformity
within the active area. Neither dummy pixels nor barrier
pixels can be read out.
The MT9V023 pixel array is configured as 809 columns
by 499 rows, shown in Figure 4. The dark pixels are
optically black and are used internally to monitor black
level. Of the left 52 columns, 36 are dark pixels used for row
noise correction. Of the top 14 rows of pixels, two of the dark
rows are used for black level correction. Also, three black
rows from the top black rows can be read out by setting the
Show Dark Rows bit in the Read Mode register; setting
Show Dark Columns will display the 36 dark columns.
There are 753 columns by 481 rows of optically active
(0, 0)
active pixel
2 barrier + 8 (2 + 4 addressed + 2) dark + 2 barrier + 2 light dummy
4.92 x 3.05mm 2
Pixel Array
809 x 499 (753 x 481 active)
6.0 μm pixel
light dummy pixel
dark pixel
3 barrier + 38 (1 + 36 addressed + 1) dark
+ 9 barrier + 2 light dummy
2 barrier + 2 light dummy
barrier pixel
2 barrier + 2 light dummy
Figure 4. Pixel Array Description
Column Readout Direction
Row Readout Direction
Active Pixel (0,0)
Array Pixel (4,14)
G B G B G
B G B
R G R G R
G R G
G B G B G
B G B
R G R G R
G R G
G B G B G
B G B
R G R G R
G R G
Figure 5. Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner)
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MT9V023
COLOR DEVICE LIMITATIONS
The color version of the MT9V023 does not support or
offers reduced performance for the following
functionalities.
on all dark pixels’ offset values, the color bit should be
cleared.
Defective Pixel Correction
For Defective Pixel Correction to calculate replacement
pixel values correctly, for color sensors the color bit must be
set (R0x0F[1] = 1). However, the color bit also applies
unequal offset to the color planes, and the results might not
be acceptable for some applications.
Pixel Binning
Pixel binning is done on immediate neighbor pixels only,
no facility is provided to skip pixels according to a Bayer
pattern. Therefore, the result of binning combines pixels of
different colors. See “Pixel Binning” for additional
information.
Other Limiting Factors
Black level correction and row-wise noise correction are
applied uniformly to each color. The row-wise noise
correction algorithm does not work well in color sensors.
Automatic exposure and gain control calculations are made
based on all three colors, not just the green channel. High
dynamic range does operate in color; however,
ON Semiconductor strongly recommends limiting use to
linear operation where good color fidelity is required.
Interlaced Readout
Interlaced readout yields one field consisting only of red
and green pixels and another consisting only of blue and
green pixels. This is due to the Bayer pattern of the CFA.
Automatic Black Level Calibration
When the color bit is set (R0x0F[1]=1), the sensor uses
black level correction values from one green plane, which
are applied to all colors. To use the calibration value based
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MT9V023
OUTPUT DATA FORMAT
The MT9V023 image data can be read out in a progressive
scan or interlaced scan mode. Valid image data is surrounded
by horizontal and vertical blanking, as shown in Figure 6.
The amount of horizontal and vertical blanking is
programmable through R0x05 and R0x06, respectively
(R0xCD and R0xCE for context B). LV is HIGH during the
shaded region of the figure. See “Output Data Timing” for
the description of FV timing.
P0,0 P0,1 P0,2 .....................................P0,n−1 P0,n
P1,0 P1,1 P1,2 .....................................P1,n−1 P1,n
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
VALID IMAGE
HORIZONTAL
BLANKING
Pm−1,0 Pm−1,1 .....................................Pm−1,n−1Pm−1,n
Pm,0 Pm,1 .....................................Pm,n−1 Pm,n
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL
BLANKING
VERTICAL BLANKING
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
Figure 6. Spatial Illustration of Image Readout
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MT9V023
OUTPUT DATA TIMING
The data output of the MT9V023 is synchronized with the
PIXCLK output. When LINE_VALID (LV) is HIGH, one
10-bit pixel datum is output every PIXCLK period.
...
LINE_VALID
...
PIXCLK
Blanking
P0
(9:0)
DOUT(9:0)
...
Valid Image Data
P1
(9:0)
P2
(9:0)
P3
(9:0)
P4
(9:0)
Blanking
...
Pn−1
(9:0)
Pn
(9:0)
Figure 7. Timing Example of Pixel Data
The PIXCLK is a nominally inverted version of the master
clock (SYSCLK). This allows PIXCLK to be used as a clock
to latch the data. However, when column bin 2 is enabled, the
PIXCLK is HIGH for one complete master clock master
period and then LOW for one complete master clock period;
when column bin 4 is enabled, the PIXCLK is HIGH for two
complete master clock periods and then LOW for two
complete master clock periods. It is continuously enabled,
even during the blanking period. Setting R0x72 bit[4] = 1
causes the MT9V023 to invert the polarity of the PIXCLK.
The parameters P1, A, Q, and P2 in Figure 8 are defined
in Table 4.
...
FRAME_VALID
...
LINE_VALID
...
Number of master clocks
P1
A
Q
A
Q
A
P2
Figure 8. Row Timing and FRAME_VALID/LINE_VALID Signals
Table 4. FRAME TIME
Parameters
Name
A
Active data time
P1
Equation
Default Timing at
26.66 MHz
Context A: R0x04
Context B: R0xCC
752 pixel clocks
= 752 master
= 28.2 μs
Frame start blanking
Context A: R0x05 - 23
Context B: R0xCD - 23
71 pixel clocks
= 71master
= 2.66 μs
P2
Frame end blanking
23 (fixed)
23 pixel clocks
= 23 master
= 0.86 μs
Q
Horizontal blanking
Context A: R0x05
Context B: R0xCD
94 pixel clocks
= 94 master
= 3.52 μs
A+Q
Row time
Context A: R0x04 + R0x05
Context B: R0xCC + R0xCD
846 pixel clocks
= 846 master
= 31.72 μs
V
Vertical blanking
Context A: (R0x06) x (A + Q) + 4
Context B: (R0xCE) x (A + Q) + 4
38,074 pixel clocks
= 38,074 master
= 1.43 ms
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MT9V023
Table 4. FRAME TIME (continued)
Default Timing at
26.66 MHz
Parameters
Name
Nrows x (A + Q)
Frame valid time
Context A: (R0x03) × (A + Q)
Context B: (R0xCB) x (A + Q)
406,080 pixel clocks
= 406,080 master
= 15.23 ms
F
Total frame time
V + (Nrows x (A + Q))
444,154 pixel clocks
= 444,154 master
= 16.66 ms
Equation
Sensor timing is shown above in terms of pixel clock and
master clock cycles (refer to Figure 7). The recommended
master clock frequency is 26.66 MHz. The vertical blanking
and the total frame time equations assume that the
integration time (Coarse Shutter Width plus Fine Shutter
Width) is less than the number of active rows plus the
blanking rows minus the overhead rows:
Window Height ) Vertical Blanking * 2
Table 5. In this example it is assumed that the Coarse Shutter
Width Control is programmed with 523 rows, and the Fine
Shutter Width Total is zero.
For Simultaneous mode, if the exposure time registers
(Coarse Shutter Width Total plus Fine Shutter Width Total)
exceed the total readout time, then the vertical blanking time
is internally extended automatically to adjust for the
additional integration time required. This extended value is
not written back to the vertical blanking registers. The
Vertical Blank register can be used to adjust frame-to-frame
readout time. This register does not affect the exposure time
but it may extend the readout time.
(eq.1)
If this is not the case, the number of integration rows must
be used instead to determine the frame time, as shown in
Table 5. FRAME TIME−LONG INTEGRATION TIME
Parameter
Name
Equation
(Number of Master Clock Cycles)
Default Timing
at 26.66 MHz
V’
Vertical blanking (long integration time)
Context A:
(R0x0B + 2 − R0x03) y (A + Q) + R0xD5 + 4
Context B:
(R0xD2 + 2 − R0xCB) x (A + Q) + R0xD8 + 4
38,074 pixel
clocks
= 38,074 master
= 1.43 ms
F’
Total frame time (long integration time)
Context A: (R0x0B + 2) y (A + Q) + R0xD5 +4
Context B: (R0xD2 + 2) x (A + Q) + R0xD8 +4
444,154 pixel
clocks
= 444,154 master
= 16.66 ms
1. The MT9V023 uses column parallel analog−digital converters, thus short row timing is not possible. The minimum total row time is 690
columns (horizontal width + horizontal blanking). The minimum horizontal blanking is 61. When the window width is set below 627, horizontal
blanking must be increased.
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MT9V023
SERIAL BUS DESCRIPTION
Registers are written to and read from the MT9V023
through the two-wire serial interface bus. The MT9V023 is
a serial interface slave with four possible IDs (0x90, 0x98,
0xB0 and 0xB8) determined by the S_CTRL_ADR0 and
S_CTRL_ADR1 input pins. Data is transferred into the
MT9V023 and out through the serial data (SDATA) line. The
SDATA line is pulled up to VDD off-chip by a 1.5KΩ resistor.
Either the slave or master device can pull the SDATA line
down−the serial interface protocol determines which device
is allowed to pull the SDATA line down at any given time. The
registers are 16-bit wide, and can be accessed through 16−
or 8−bit two−wire serial interface sequences.
Stop Bit
The stop bit is defined as a LOW-to-HIGH transition of
the data line while the clock line is HIGH.
Sequence
A typical READ or WRITE sequence begins by the
master sending a start bit. After the start bit, the master sends
the slave device’s 8-bit address. The last bit of the address
determines if the request is a read or a write, where a “0”
indicates a WRITE and a “1” indicates a READ. The slave
device acknowledges its address by sending an
acknowledge bit back to the master.
If the request was a WRITE, the master then transfers the
8-bit register address to which a WRITE should take place.
The slave sends an acknowledge bit to indicate that the
register address has been received. The master then transfers
the data 8 bits at a time, with the slave sending an
acknowledge bit after each 8 bits. The MT9V023 uses 16-bit
data for its internal registers, thus requiring two 8-bit
transfers to write to one register. After 16 bits are transferred,
the register address is automatically incremented, so that the
next 16 bits are written to the next register address. The
master stops writing by sending a start or stop bit.
A typical READ sequence is executed as follows. First the
master sends the write mode slave address and 8-bit register
address, just as in the write request. The master then sends
a start bit and the read mode slave address. The master then
clocks out the register data 8 bits at a time. The master sends
an acknowledge bit after each 8-bit transfer. The register
address is automatically incremented after every 16 bits is
transferred. The data transfer is stopped when the master
sends a no-acknowledge bit. The MT9V023 allows for 8-bit
data transfers through the two-wire serial interface by
writing (or reading) the most significant 8 bits to the register
and then writing (or reading) the least significant 8 bits to
Byte-Wise Address register (0x0F0).
Protocol
The two-wire serial interface defines several different
transmission codes, as shown in the following sequence:
1. a start bit
2. the slave device 8-bit address
3. a(n) (no) acknowledge bit
4. an 8-bit message
5. a stop bit
Start Bit
The start bit is defined as a HIGH-to-LOW transition of
the data line while the clock line is HIGH.
Slave Address
The 8-bit address of a two-wire serial interface device
consists of 7 bits of address and 1 bit of direction. A “0” in
the LSB of the address indicates write mode, and a “1”
indicates read mode. As indicated above, the MT9V023
allows four possible slave addresses determined by the two
input pins, S_CTRL_ADR0 and S_CTRL_ADR1.
Acknowledge Bit
The master generates the acknowledge clock pulse. The
transmitter (which is the master when writing, or the slave
when reading) releases the data line, and the receiver
indicates an acknowledge bit by pulling the data line LOW
during the acknowledge clock pulse.
Bus Idle State
The bus is idle when both the data and clock lines are
HIGH. Control of the bus is initiated with a start bit, and the
bus is released with a stop bit. Only the master can generate
the start and stop bits.
No-Acknowledge Bit
The no-acknowledge bit is generated when the data line is
not pulled down by the receiver during the acknowledge
clock pulse. A no-acknowledge bit is used to terminate a
read sequence.
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MT9V023
Table 6. SLAVE ADDRESS MODES
{S_CTRL_ADR1, S_CTRL_ADR0}
Slave Address
Write/Read Mode
00
0x90
Write
0x91
Read
0x98
Write
0x99
Read
0xB0
Write
0xB1
Read
0xB8
Write
0xB9
Read
01
10
11
Data Bit Transfer
the serial clock−it can only change when the two-wire serial
interface clock is LOW. Data is transferred 8 bits at a time,
followed by an acknowledge bit.
One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The
two-wire serial interface clock pulse is provided by the
master. The data must be stable during the HIGH period of
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MT9V023
TWO-WIRE SERIAL INTERFACE SAMPLE READ AND WRITE SEQUENCES
16-Bit Write Sequence
A typical write sequence for writing 16 bits to a register
is shown in Figure 9. A start bit given by the master,
followed by the write address, starts the sequence. The
image sensor then gives an acknowledge bit and expects the
register address to come first, followed by the 16-bit data.
After each 8-bit the image sensor gives an acknowledge bit.
All 16 bits must be written before the register is updated.
After 16 bits are transferred, the register address is
automatically incremented, so that the next 16 bits are
written to the next register. The master stops writing by
sending a start or stop bit.
SCLK
SDATA
START
0000 0010
Reg0x09
0xBA ADDR
ACK
1000 0100
ACK
ACK
STOP
ACK
Figure 9. Timing Diagram Showing a WRITE to Reg0x09 with the Value 0x0284
16-Bit Read Sequence
clocks out the register data 8 bits at a time. The master sends
an acknowledge bit after each 8-bit transfer. The register
address is auto-incremented after every 16 bits is
transferred. The data transfer is stopped when the master
sends a no-acknowledge bit.
A typical read sequence is shown in Figure 10. First the
master has to write the register address, as in a write
sequence. Then a start bit and the read address specifies that
a read is about to happen from the register. The master then
SCLK
SDATA
0xBA ADDR
START
0xB9 ADDR
Reg0x09
ACK
ACK
0000 0010
ACK
1000 0100
ACK
STOP
NACK
Figure 10. Timing Diagram Showing a READ from Reg0x09, Returned Value 0x0284
8-Bit Write Sequence
(R0xF0). The register is not updated until all 16 bits have
been written. It is not possible to just update half of a register.
In Figure 11, a typical sequence for 8-bit writing is shown.
The second byte is written to the Bytewise register (R0xF0).
To be able to write 1 byte at a time to the register a special
register address is added. The 8-bit write is done by first
writing the upper 8 bits to the desired register and then
writing the lower 8 bits to the Bytewise Address register
SCLK
DATA
0000 0010
R0x09
0xB8 ADDR
0xB8 ADDR
1000 0100
R0xF0
STOP
START
START
ACK
ACK
ACK
ACK
ACK
Figure 11. Timing Diagram Showing a Bytewise Write to R0x09 with the Value 0x0284
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ACK
MT9V023
8-Bit Read Sequence
Bytewise Address register (R0xF0) the lower 8 bits are
accessed (Figure 12). The master sets the no-acknowledge
bits shown.
To read one byte at a time the same special register address
is used for the lower byte. The upper 8 bits are read from the
desired register. By following this with a read from the
SCLK
SDATA
0xB8 ADDR
0000 0010
0xB9 ADDR
R0x09
START
START
ACK
ACK
NACK
ACK
SCLK
SDATA
0xB8 ADDR
1000 0100
0xB9 ADDR
R0xF0
STOP
START
START
ACK
ACK
ACK
NACK
Figure 12. Timing Diagram Showing a Bytewise Read from R0x09; Returned Value 0x0284
Register Lock
Lock Only Read Mode Registers (R0x0D and R0x0E)
If a unique pattern (0xDEAF) to R0xFE is programmed,
any subsequent two-wire serial interface writes to R0x0D or
R0x0E are NOT committed. Alternatively, if the user writes
a 0xBEEF to register lock register, registers R0x0D and
R0x0E are unlocked and any subsequent two-wire serial
interface writes to these registers are committed.
Included in the MT9V023 is a register lock (R0xFE)
feature that can be used as a solution to reduce the
probability of an inadvertent noise-triggered two-wire serial
interface write to the sensor. All registers, or only the Read
Mode registers–R0x0D and R0x0E, can be locked. It is
important to prevent an inadvertent two-wire serial interface
write to the Read Mode registers in automotive applications
since this register controls the image orientation and any
unintended flip to an image can cause serious results.
At power-up, the register lock defaults to a value of
0xBEEF, which implies that all registers are unlocked and
any two-wire serial interface writes to the register gets
committed.
Lock All Registers
If a unique pattern (0xDEAD) to R0xFE is programmed,
any subsequent two-wire serial interface writes to registers
(except R0xFE) are NOT committed. Alternatively, if the
user writes a 0xBEEF to the register lock register, all
registers are unlocked and any subsequent two-wire serial
interface writes to the register are committed.
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MT9V023
Real-Time Context Switching
all registers (no shadowing) at the frame start time and have
the new values apply to the immediate next exposure and
readout time.
In the MT9V023, the user may switch between two full
register sets (listed in Table 7) by writing to a context switch
change bit in register 0x07. This context switch will change
Table 7. REAL-TIME CONTEXT−SWITCHABLE REGISTERS
Register Name
Register Number (Hex) For Context A
Register Number (Hex) for Context B
Column Start
0x01
0xC9
Row Start
0x02
0xCA
Window Height
0x03
0xCB
Window Width
0x04
0xCC
Horizontal Blanking
0x05
0xCD
Vertical Blanking
0x06
0xCE
Coarse Shutter Width 1
0x08
0xCF
Coarse Shutter Width 2
0x09
0xD0
Coarse Shutter Width Control
0x0A
0xD1
Coarse Shutter Width Total
0x0B
0xD2
Fine Shutter Width 1
0xD3
0xD6
Fine Shutter Width 2
0xD4
0xD7
Fine Shutter Width Total
0xD5
0xD8
0x0D [5:0]
0x0E [5:0]
0x0F [0]
0x0F [8]
ADC Resolution Control
0x1C [1:0]
0x1C [9:8]
V1 Control – V4 Control
0x31 – 0x34
0x39 – 0x3C
0x35
0x36
Read Mode
High Dynamic Range enable
Analog Gain Control
Row Noise Correction Control 1
0x70 [1:0]
0x70 [9:8]
Tiled Digital Gain
0x80 [3:0] – 0x98 [3:0]
0x80 [11:8] – 0x98 [11:8]
AEC/AGC Enable
0xAF [1:0]
0xAF [9:8]
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MT9V023
FEATURE DESCRIPTION
Operational Modes
The MT9V023 works in master, snapshot, or slave mode.
In master mode the sensor generates the readout timing. In
snapshot mode it accepts an external trigger to start
integration, then generates the readout timing. In slave mode
the sensor accepts both external integration and readout
controls. The integration time is programmed through the
two-wire serial interface during master or snapshot modes,
or controlled through an externally generated control signal
during slave mode.
Simultaneous Master Mode
In simultaneous master mode, the exposure period occurs
during readout. The frame synchronization waveforms are
shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14. The exposure and
readout happen in parallel rather than sequential, making
this the fastest mode of operation.
Master Mode
There are two possible operation methods for master
mode: simultaneous and sequential. One of these operation
modes must be selected through the two-wire serial
interface.
Readout Time > Exposure Time
LED_OUT
Exposure Time
Vertical Blanking
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
D OUT (9:0)
xxx
xxx
xxx
Figure 13. Simultaneous Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms #1
Exposure Time > Readout Time
LED_OUT
Exposure Time
Vertical Blanking
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
DOUT(9:0) xxx
xxx
xxx
Figure 14. Simultaneous Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms #2
When exposure time is greater than the sum of vertical
blank and window height, the number of vertical blank rows
is increased automatically to accommodate the exposure
time.
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MT9V023
sequential master mode are shown in Figure 15. The frame
rate changes as the integration time changes.
Sequential Master Mode
In sequential master mode the exposure period is followed
by readout. The frame synchronization waveforms for
Exposure Time
LED_OUT
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
DOUT (9:0)
xxx
xxx
xxx
Figure 15. Sequential Master Mode Synchronization Waveforms
through the two-wire serial interface. After the frame’s
integration period is complete the readout process
commences and the syncs and data are output. Sensor in
snapshot mode can capture a single image or a sequence of
images. The frame rate may only be controlled by changing
the period of the user supplied EXPOSURE pulse train. The
frame synchronization waveforms for snapshot mode are
shown in Figure 17.
Snapshot Mode
In snapshot mode the sensor accepts an input trigger
signal which initiates exposure, and is immediately
followed by readout. Figure 16 shows the interface signals
used in snapshot mode. In snapshot mode, the start of the
integration period is determined by the externally applied
EXPOSURE pulse that is input to the MT9V023. The
integration time is preprogrammed at R0x0B or R0xD2
EXPOSURE
SYSCLK
PIXCLK
CONTROLLER
LINE_VALID
FRAME_VALID
MT9V023
DOUT (9:0)
Figure 16. Snapshot Mode Interface Signals
EXPOSURE
Exposure Time
LED_OUT
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
DOUT (9:0)
xxx
xxx
Figure 17. Snapshot Mode Frame Synchronization Waveforms
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17
xxx
MT9V023
provide enough time between successive STLN_OUT
pulses to allow the complete readout of one row.
It is also important to provide additional STLN_OUT
pulses to allow the sensors to read the vertical blanking rows.
It is recommended that the user program the vertical blank
register (R0x06) with a value of 4, and achieve additional
vertical blanking between frames by delaying the
application of the STFRM_OUT pulse.
The elapsed time between the rising edge of STLN_OUT
and the first valid pixel data is calculated for context A by
[horizontal blanking register (R0x05) + 4] clock cycles. For
context B, the time is (R0xCD + 4) clock cycles.
Slave Mode
In slave mode, the exposure and readout are controlled
using the EXPOSURE, STFRM_OUT, and STLN_OUT
pins. When the slave mode is enabled, STFRM_OUT and
STLN_OUT become input pins.
The start and end of integration are controlled by
EXPOSURE and STFRM_OUT pulses, respectively. While
a STFRM_OUT pulse is used to stop integration, it is also
used to enable the readout process.
After integration is stopped, the user provides
STLN_OUT pulses to trigger row readout. A full row of data
is read out with each STLN_OUT pulse. The user must
Exposure
(input)
STFRM_OUT
(input)
LED_OUT
(output)
STLN_OUT
(input)
LINE_VALID
(output)
Integration T ime
Vertical Blanking
Figure 18. Slave Mode Operation
Signal Path
“Black Level Calibration” for the programmable offset
operation description.
The MT9V023 signal path consists of a programmable
gain, a programmable analog offset, and a 10-bit ADC. See
Gain Selection
(R0x35 or R0x36 or
result of AGC)
Pixel Output
(reset minus signal)
Offset Correction
Voltage (R0x48 or
result of BLC)
VREF
(R0x2C)
10 (12) bit ADC
C1
C2
Figure 19. Signal Path
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ADC Data
(9:0)
MT9V023
On-Chip Biases
= (number of rows of integration x row time) + (number
of pixels of integration x pixel time)
where:
ADC Voltage Reference
The ADC voltage reference is programmed through
R0x2C, bits 2:0. The ADC reference ranges from 1.0 V to
2.1 V. The default value is 1.4 V. The increment size of the
voltage reference is 0.1 \V from 1.0 V to 1.6 V (R0x2C[2:0]
values 0 to 6). At R0x2C[2:0] = 7, the reference voltage
jumps to 2.1 V.
It is very important to preserve the correct values of the
other bits in R0x2C. The default register setting is 0x0004.
This corresponds to 1.4 V−at this setting 1 mV input to the
ADC equals approximately 1 LSB.
Number of Rows of Integration
(Auto Exposure Control: Enabled)
When automatic exposure control (AEC) is enabled, the
number of rows of integration may vary from frame to
frame, with the limits controlled by R0xAC (minimum
coarse shutter width) and R0xAD (maximum coarse shutter
width).
Number of Rows of Integration
(Auto Exposure Control: Disabled)
If AEC is disabled, the number of rows of integration
equals the value in R0x0B
or
If context B is enabled, the number of rows of integration
equals the value in R0xD2.
V_Step Voltage Reference
This voltage is used for pixel high dynamic range
operations, programmable from R0x31 through R0x34 for
Context A, or R0x39 through R0x3B for context B.
Chip Version
Chip version register R0x00 is read-only.
Number of Pixels of Integration
The number of fine shutter width pixels is independent of
AEC mode (enabled or disabled):
• Context A: the number of pixels of integration equals
the value in R0xD5.
• Context B: the number of pixels of integration equals
the value in R0xD8.
Window Control
Registers Column Start A/B, Row Start A/B, Window
Height A/B (row size), and Window Width (column size)
A/B control the size and starting coordinates of the window.
The values programmed in the window height and width
registers are the exact window height and width out of the
sensor. The window start value should never be set below
four.
To read out the dark rows set bit 6 of R0x0D. In addition,
bit 7 of R0x0D can be used to display the dark columns in
the image. Note that there are Show Dark settings only for
Context A.
Row Timing
Context A : Row time + (R0x04 ) R0x05)
master clock periods
Context B : Row time + (R0xCC ) R0xCD)
master clock periods
Blanking Control
(eq. 4)
Typically, the value of the Coarse Shutter Width Total
registers is limited to the number of rows per frame (which
includes vertical blanking rows), such that the frame rate is
not affected by the integration time. If the Coarse Shutter
Width Total is increased beyond the total number of rows per
frame, the user must add additional blanking rows using the
Vertical Blanking registers as needed. See descriptions of
the Vertical Blanking registers, R0x06 and R0xCE in Table
4 of the MT9V023 register reference.
A second constraint is that tINT must be adjusted to avoid
banding in the image from light flicker. Under 60 Hz flicker,
this means the frame time must be a multiple of 1/120 of a
second. Under 50 Hz flicker, the frame time must be a
multiple of 1/100 of a second.
Horizontal Blank and Vertical Blank registers R0x05 and
R0x06 (B: 0xCD and R0xCE), respectively, control the
blanking time in a row (horizontal blanking) and between
frames (vertical blanking).
• Horizontal blanking is specified in terms of pixel
clocks.
• Vertical blanking is specified in terms of numbers of
rows.
The actual imager timing can be calculated using Table 4
and Table 5 which describe “Row Timing and FV/LV
signals”.The minimum number of vertical blank rows is 4.
Pixel Integration Control
Total Integration
Total integration time is the result of coarse shutter width
and fine shutter width registers, and depends also on whether
manual or automatic exposure is selected.
The actual total integration time, tINT is defined as:
t INT * t INTCoarse ) t INTFint
(eq. 3)
Changes to Integration Time
With automatic exposure control disabled (R0xAF[0] for
context A, or R0xAF[8] for context B) and if the total
integration time (R0x0B or R0xD2) is changed through the
two-wire serial interface while FV is asserted for frame n,
the first frame output using the new integration time is frame
(eq. 2)
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MT9V023
integration time is dependent on the new value of
the integration time.
3. When frame (n + 1) is read out, it is integrated
using the new integration time. If the integration
time is changed (R0x0B or R0xD2 written) on
successive frames, each value written is applied to
a single frame; the latency between writing a value
and it affecting the frame readout remains at two
frames. However, when automatic exposure
control is disabled, if the integration time is
changed through the two-wire serial interface after
the falling edge of FV for frame n, the first frame
output using the new integration time becomes
frame (n + 3).
(n + 2). Similarly, when automatic exposure control is
enabled, any change to the integration time for frame n first
appears in frame (n + 2) output.
The sequence is as follows:
1. During frame n, the new integration time is held in
the R0x0B or R0D2 live register.
2. At the start of frame (n + 1), the new integration
time is transferred to the exposure control module.
Integration for each row of frame (n + 1) has been
completed using the old integration time. The
earliest time that a row can start integrating using
the new integration time is immediately after that
row has been read for frame (n + 1). The actual
time that rows start integrating using the new
FRAME_VALID
New Integration
Programmed
Int = 300 rows
Int = 200 rows
Actual
Integration
Int = 200 rows
Int = 300 rows
LED_OUT
Image Data
Output image with
Int = 200 rows
Output
image with
Int = 300
rows
Frame Start
Figure 20. Latency When Changing Integration
Exposure Indicator
The exposure indicator is controlled by:
• R0x1B LED_OUT Control
is clear, LED_OUT is HIGH during exposure. By using
R0x1B, bit 1, the polarity of the LED_OUT pin can be
inverted.
The MT9V023 provides an output pin, LED_OUT, to
indicate when the exposure takes place. When R0x1B bit 0
High Dynamic Range
High dynamic range is controlled by:
Table 8. HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE
High Dynamic Enable
Context A
Context B
R0x0F[0]
R0x0F[8]
Shutter Width 1
R0x08
R0xCF
Shutter Width 2
R0x09
R0xD0
Shutter Width Control
R0x0A
R0xD1
R0x31−R0x34
R0x39−R0x3C
V_Step Voltages
set up at V1 for integration time t1, then to V2 for time t2,
then V3 for time t3, and finally it is parked at V4, which also
serves as an antiblooming voltage for the photodetector.
This sequence of voltages leads to a piecewise linear pixel
response, illustrated (approximately) in Figure 21 and
Figure 22.
In the MT9V023, high dynamic range (by setting R0x0F,
bit 0 or 8 to 1) is achieved by controlling the saturation level
of the pixel (HDR or high dynamic range gate) during the
exposure period. The sequence of the control voltages at the
HDR gate is shown in Figure 21. After the pixels are reset,
the step voltage, V_Step, which is applied to HDR gate, is
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20
MT9V023
Exposure
VAA (3.3V)
V1~1.4V
V2~1.2V
t1
HDR
Voltage
V3~1.0V
V4~0.8V
t2
t3
Figure 21. Sequence of Control Voltages at the HDR Gate
dV3
Output
dV2
dV1
Light Intensity
1/t
1
1/t
2
1/t
3
Figure 22. Sequence of Voltages in a Piecewise Linear Pixel Response
The parameters of the step voltage V_Step which takes
values V1, V2, and V3 directly affect the position of the knee
points in Figure 22.
Light intensities work approximately as a reciprocal of the
partial exposure time. Typically, t1 is the longest exposure,
t2 shorter, and so on. Thus the range of light intensities is
shortest for the first slope, providing the highest sensitivity.
The register settings for V_Step and partial exposures are:
• V1 = R0x31, bits 5:0 (Context B: R0x39, bits 5:0)
• V2 = R0x32, bits 5:0 (Context B: R0x3A, bits 5:0)
• V3 = R0x33, bits 5:0 (Context B: R0x3B, bits 5:0)
• V4 = R0x34, bits 5:0 (Context B: R0x3C, bits 5:0)
• tINT = t1 + t2 + t3
As a default for auto exposure, t2 is 1/16 of tINT, t3 is 1/64
of tINT.
When the auto adjust enabler is disabled (set LOW), t1, t2,
and t3 may be programmed
through the two-wire serial interface:
t 1 + Coarse SW1 (row * times) ) Fine SW1 (pixel * times)
(eq. 8)
t 2 + Coarse SW2 * Coarse SW1 ) Fine SW2 * Fine SW1
(eq. 9)
t 3 + Total Integration *t 1 *t 2
t
t
+ Coarse Total Shutter Width ) Fine Shutter Width Total * 1 * 2
(eq. 10)
For context A these become:
t
There are two ways to specify the knee points timing, the
first by manual setting and the second by automatic knee
point adjustment. Knee point auto adjust is controlled for
context A by R0x0A[8] (where default is ON), and for
context B by R0xD1[8] (where default is OFF).
When the knee point auto adjust enabler is enabled (set
HIGH), the MT9V023 calculates the knee points
automatically using the following equations:
t
t
t
t
1 + INT * 2 * 3
(eq. 5)
t
t
2 + INT x (1ń2) R0x0A[3:0] or R0xD1[3:0]
(eq. 6)
t
t
2 + INT x (1ń2) R0x0A[7:4] or R0xD1[7:4]
(eq. 7)
t
t
1 + R0x08 ) R0xD3
(eq. 11)
2 + R0x09 * ROx08 ) R0xD4 * R0xD3
(eq. 12)
t
t
3 + R0x0B ) R0xD4 * 1 * 2
(eq. 13)
For context B these are:
t
t
t
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21
1 + R0xCF ) R0xD6
(eq. 14)
2 + R0xD0 * ROxCF ) R0xD7 * R0xD6
(eq. 15)
t
t
3 + R0xD2 ) R0xD8 * 1 * 2
(eq. 16)
MT9V023
2 register to exceed the row time (Horizontal Blanking +
Window Width). The absolute maximum value for the Fine
Shutter Width registers is 1774 master clocks.
In all cases above, the coarse component of total
integration time may be based on the result of AEC or values
in Reg0x0B and Reg0xD2, depending on the settings.
Similar to Fine Shutter Width Total registers, the user
must not set the Fine Shutter Width 1 or Fine Shutter Width
ADC Companding Mode
By default, ADC resolution of the sensor is 10-bit.
Additionally, a companding scheme of 12-bit into 10-bit is
enabled by the ADC Companding Mode register. This mode
allows higher ADC resolution, which means less
quantization noise at low-light, and lower resolution at high
light, where good ADC quantization is not so critical
because of the high level of the photon’s shot noise.
10-bit
Codes
1,024
768
8 to 1 Companding (2,048
4 to 1 Companding (1,536
512
2 to 1 Companding (256
256
No companding (256
256 512
384)
128)
12-bit
Codes
256)
2,048
1,024
256)
4,096
Figure 23. 12- to 10-Bit Companding Chart
Gain Settings
If automatic gain control is enabled (R0xAF, bit 1 is set to
HIGH), the gain changed for frame n first appears in frame
(n + 1); if the automatic gain control is disabled, the gain
changed for frame n first appears in frame (n + 2).
Both analog and digital gain change regardless of whether
the integration time is also changed simultaneously. See the
“MT9V023 Developer Guide” for more details.
Changes to Gain Settings
When the digital gain settings (R0x80–R0x98) are
changed, the gain is updated on the next frame start.
However, the latency for an analog gain change to take effect
depends on the automatic gain control.
FRAME_VALID
New Integration
Programmed
Gain = 3.0X
Gain = 3.5X
Actual
Gain
Gain = 3.0X
Output image with
Gain = 3.0X
Image Data
Gain = 3.5X
Output
image with
Gain = 3.5X
Frame Start
Figure 24. Latency of Analog Gain Change When AGC Is Disabled
Analog Gain
Analog gain is controlled by:
• R0x35 Global Gain context A
• R0x36 Global Gain context B
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MT9V023
The formula for gain setting is:
Gain + Bits[6 : 0]
0.0625
In the MT9V023, the gain logic divides the image into 25
tiles, as shown in Figure 25. The size and gain of each tile
can be adjusted using the above digital gain control registers.
Separate tile gains can be assigned for context A and context
B.
Registers 0x99–0x9E and 0x9F–0xA4 represent the
coordinates X0/5–X5/5 and Y0/5–Y5/5 in Figure 25,
respectively.
Digital gains of registers 0x80–0x98 apply to their
corresponding tiles. The MT9V023 supports a digital gain
of 0.25–3.75X.
When binning is enabled, the tile offsets maintain their
absolute values; that is, tile coordinates do not scale with row
or column bin setting.
NOTE: There is one exception, for the condition when
Column Bin 4 is enabled (R0x0D[3:2] or
R0x0E[3:2] = 2). For this case, the value for
Digital Tile Coordinate
X–direction must be doubled.
(eq. 17)
The analog gain range supported in the MT9V023 is
1X–4X with a step size of 6.25 percent. To control gain
manually with this register, the sensor must NOT be in AGC
mode. When adjusting the luminosity of an image, it is
recommended to alter exposure first and yield to gain
increases only when the exposure value has reached a
maximum limit.
• Analog gain = bits (6:0) x 0.0625 for values 16–31
• Analog gain = bits (6:0)/2 x 0.125 for values 32–64
For values 16–31: each LSB increases analog gain 0.0625
v/v. A value of 16 = 1X gain. Range: 1X to 1.9375X.
For values 32–64: each 2 LSB increases analog gain 0.125
v/v (that is, double the gain increase for 2 LSB). Range: 2X
to 4X. Odd values do not result in gain increases; the gain
increases by 0.125 for values 32, 34, 36, and so on.
Digital Gain
Digital gain is controlled by:
• R0x99−R0xA4 Tile Coordinates
• R0x80−R0x98 Tiled Digital Gain and Weight
X0/5
The formula for digital gain setting is:
Digital Gain + Bits[3 : 0]
X1/5
X2/5
X3/5
X4/5
x0_y0
x1_y0
x4_y0
x0_y1
x1_y1
x4_y1
x0_y2
x1_y2
x4_y2
x0_y3
x1_y3
x4_y3
x0_y4
x1_y4
x4_y4
0.25
(eq. 18)
X5/5
Y0/5
Y1/5
Y2/5
Y3/5
Y4/5
Y5/5
Figure 25. Tiled Sample
• Black Level Calibration Value: R0x48
• Black Level Calibration Value Step Size: R0x4C
Black Level Calibration
•
•
•
Black level calibration is controlled by:
Frame Dark Average: R0x42
Dark Average Thresholds: R0x46
Black Level Calibration Control: R0x47
The MT9V023 has automatic black level calibration
on-chip, and if enabled, its result may be used in the offset
correction shown in Figure 26.
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MT9V023
Gain Selection
(R0x35 or R0x36 or
result of AGC)
Pixel Output
(reset minus signal)
Offset Correction
Voltage (R0x48 or
result of BLC)
VREF
(R0x2C)
10 (12) bit ADC
ADC Data
(9:0)
C1
C2
Figure 26. Black Level Calibration Flow Chart
To avoid oscillation of the black level from below to
above, the region the thresholds should be programmed so
the difference is at least two times the offset DAC step size.
In normal operation, the black level calibration
value/offset correction value is calculated at the beginning
of each frame and can be read through the two-wire serial
interface from R0x48. This register is an 8-bit signed two’s
complement value.
However, if R0x47, bit 0 is set to “1,” the calibration value
in R0x48 is used rather than the automatic black level
calculation result. This feature can be used in conjunction
with the “show dark rows” feature (R0x0D[6]) if using an
external black level calibration circuit.
The offset correction voltage is generated according to the
following formulas:
The automatic black level calibration measures the
average value of pixels from 2 dark rows (1 dark row if row
bin 4 is enabled) of the chip. (The pixels are averaged as if
they were light-sensitive and passed through the appropriate
gain.)
This row average is then digitally low-pass filtered over
many frames (R0x47, bits 7:5) to remove temporal noise and
random instabilities associated with this measurement.
Then, the new filtered average is compared to a minimum
acceptable level, low threshold, and a maximum acceptable
level, high threshold.
If the average is lower than the minimum acceptable level,
the offset correction voltage is increased by a programmable
offset LSB in R0x4C. (Default step size is 2 LSB Offset =
1 ADC LSB at analog gain = 1X.)
If it is above the maximum level, the offset correction
voltage is decreased by 2 LSB (default).
Offset Correction Voltage + (8 * bit signed twoȀs complement calibration value, –127 to 127)
ADC input voltage + (Pixel Output Voltage ) Offset Correction Voltage)
Analog Gain
0.5 mV
(eq. 19)
(eq. 20)
Defective Pixel Correction
Row-wise Noise Correction
Defective pixel correction is intended to compensate for
defective pixels by replacing their value with a value based
on the surrounding pixels, making the defect less noticeable
to the human eye. The locations of defective pixels are
stored in a ROM on chip during the manufacturing process;
the maximum number of defects stored is 32. There is no
provision for later augmenting the table of programmed
defects. In the defect correction block, bad pixels will be
substituted by either the average of its neighboring pixels, or
its nearest-neighbor pixel, depending on pixel location.
Defective Pixel Correction is enabled by R0x07[9]. By
default, correction is enabled, and pixels mapped in internal
ROM are replaced with corrected values. This might be
unacceptable to some applications, in which case pixel
correction should be disabled (R0x07[9] = 0).
Row-wise noise correction is controlled by the following
registers:
• R0x70 Row Noise Control
• R0x72 Row Noise Constant
Row-wise noise cancellation is performed by calculating
a row average from a set of optically black pixels at the start
of each row and then applying each average to all the active
pixels of the row. Read Dark Columns register bit and Row
Noise Correction Enable register bit must both be set to
enable row-wise noise cancellation to be performed. The
behavior when Read Dark Columns register bit = 0 and Row
Noise Correction Enable register bit = 1 is undefined.
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MT9V023
The algorithm works as follows:
Logical columns 755-790 in the pixel array provide 36
optically black pixel values. Of the 36 values, two smallest
value and two largest values are discarded. The remaining
32 values are averaged by summing them and discarding the
5 LSB of the result. The 10-bit result is subtracted from each
pixel value on the row in turn. In addition, a positive constant
will be added (Reg0x71, bits 7:0). This constant should be
set to the dark level targeted by the black level algorithm plus
the noise expected on the measurements of the averaged
values from dark columns; it is meant to prevent clipping
from negative noise fluctuations.
Note that this algorithm does not work in color sensor.
Automatic Gain Control and Automatic Exposure
Control
The integrated AEC/AGC unit is responsible for ensuring
that optimal auto settings of exposure and (analog) gain are
computed and updated every frame.
AEC and AGC can be individually enabled or disabled by
R0xAF. When AEC is disabled (R0xAF[0] = 0), the sensor
uses the manual exposure value in coarse and fine shutter
width registers. When AGC is disabled (R0xAF[1] = 0), the
sensor uses the manual gain value in R0x35 or R0x36. See
“Pixel Integration Control” and the MT9V023 Developer
Guide, for more information.
Pixel value + ADC value – dark column average ) R0x71[9 : 0]
(eq. 21)
EXP. LPF EXP. SKIP Coarse Shutter
(R0xA6)
Width Total
(R0xA8)
MAX. EXPOSURE (R0xBD)
AEC
UNIT
CURRENT BIN
(current luminance)
(R0xBC)
MIN EXPOSURE (R0xAC)
DESIRED BIN
(desired luminance)
(R0xA5)
16
AEC
OUTPUT
0
To exposure
timing control
1
R0xBB
HISTOGRAM
GENERATOR
UNIT
AGC OUTPUT
AGC
UNIT
MIN GAIN
AEC ENABLE
(R0xAF[0 or 8])
1
To analog
gain control
0
MAX. GAIN
(R0xAB)
R0xBA
GAIN LPF
(R0xAB)
GAIN SKIP
(R0xA9)
MANUAL GAIN AGC ENABLE
A or B
(R0xAF[1 or 9])
Figure 27. Controllable and Observable AEC/AGC Registers
The exposure control measures current scene luminosity
and desired output luminosity by accumulating a histogram
of pixel values while reading out a frame. All pixels are used,
whether in color or mono mode. The desired exposure and
gain are then calculated from this for subsequent frame.
When binning is enabled, tuning of the AEC may be
required. The histogram pixel count register, R0xB0, may be
adjusted to reflect reduced pixel count. Desired bin register,
R0xA5, may be adjusted as required.
The exposure is measured in row-time by reading R0xBB.
The exposure range is 1 to 2047. The gain is measured in
gain-units by reading R0xBA. The gain range is 16 to 63
(unity gain = 16 gain-units; multiply by 1/16 to get the true
gain).
When AEC is enabled (R0xAF), the maximum auto
exposure value is limited by R0xBD; minimum auto
exposure is limited by AEC Minimum Exposure, R0xAC.
NOTE: AEC does not support sub-row timing;
calculated exposure values are rounded down to
the nearest row-time. For smoother response,
manual control is recommended for short
exposure times.
Pixel Clock Speed
The pixel clock speed is same as the master clock
(SYSCLK) at 26.66 MHz by default. However, when
column binning 2 or 4 (R0x0D or R0x0E, bit 2 or 3) is
enabled, the pixel clock speed is reduced by half and
one-fourth of the master clock speed respectively. See “Read
When AGC is enabled (R0xAF), the maximum auto gain
value is limited by R0xAB; minimum auto gain is fixed to
16 gain-units.
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MT9V023
Mode Options” and “Column Binning” for additional
information.
The sensor goes into monitor mode when R0xD9[0] is set
to HIGH. In this mode, the sensor first captures a
programmable number of frames (R0xC0), then goes into a
sleep period for five minutes. The cycle of sleeping for five
minutes and waking up to capture a number of frames
continues until R0xD9[0] is cleared to return to normal
operation.
In some applications when monitor mode is enabled, the
purpose of capturing frames is to calibrate the gain and
exposure of the scene using automatic gain and exposure
control feature. This feature typically takes less than 10
frames to settle. In case a larger number of frames is needed,
the value of R0xC0 may be increased to capture more
frames.
During the sleep period, none of the analog circuitry and
a very small fraction of digital logic (including a five-minute
timer) is powered. The master clock (SYSCLK) is therefore
always required.
Hard Reset of Logic
The RC circuit for the MT9V023 uses a 10kΩ resistor and
a 0.1µF capacitor. The rise time for the RC circuit is 1µs
maximum.
Soft Reset of Logic
Soft reset of logic is controlled by:
• R0x0C Reset
Bit 0 is used to reset the digital logic of the sensor while
preserving the existing two-wire serial interface
configuration. Furthermore, by asserting the soft reset, the
sensor aborts the current frame it is processing and starts a
new frame. Bit 1 is a shadowed reset control register bit to
explicitly reset the automatic gain and exposure control
feature.
These two bits are self-resetting bits and also return to “0”
during two-wire serial interface reads.
Read Mode Options
(Also see “Output Data Format” and “Output Data
Timing”).
STANDBY Control
The sensor goes into standby mode by setting STANDBY
to HIGH. Once the sensor detects that STANDBY is
asserted, it completes the current frame before disabling the
digital logic, internal clocks, and analog power enable
signal. To release the sensor out from the standby mode,
reset STANDBY back to LOW. The LVDS must be powered
to ensure that the device is in standby mode. See ”Appendix
A – Power-On Reset and Standby Timing” for more
information on standby.
Column Flip
By setting bit 5 of R0x0D or R0x0E the readout order of
the columns is reversed, as shown in Figure 28.
Row Flip
By setting bit 4 of R0x0D or R0x0E the readout order of
the rows is reversed, as shown in Figure 29.
Monitor Mode Control
Monitor mode is controlled by:
• R0xD9 Monitor Mode Enable
• R0xC0 Monitor Mode Image Capture Control
LINE_VALID
Normal readout
DOUT(9:0)
Reverse readout
D OUT (9:0)
P4,1
(9:0)
P4,n
(9:0)
P4,2
(9:0)
P4,3
(9:0)
P4,4
(9:0)
P4,5
(9:0)
P4,n−1 P4,n−2 P4,n−3 P4,n−4
(9:0)
(9:0)
(9:0)
(9:0)
P4,6
(9:0)
P4,n−5
(9:0)
Figure 28. Readout of Six Pixels in Normal and Column Flip Output Mode
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MT9V023
LINE_VALID
Normal readout
DOUT(9:0)
Reverse readout
DOUT(9:0)
Row4
(9:0)
Row5
(9:0)
Row6
(9:0)
Row7
(9:0)
Row8
7(9:0)
Row9
(9:0)
Row484
(9:0)
Row483
(9:0)
Row482
(9:0)
Row481
(9:0)
Row480
7(9:0)
Row479
(9:0)
Figure 29. Readout of Six Rows in Normal and Row Flip Output Mode
rate by 2x and 4x respectively. Column binning does not
increase the frame rate.
Pixel Binning
In addition to windowing mode in which smaller
resolutions (CIF, QCIF) are obtained by selecting a smaller
window from the sensor array, the MT9V023 also provides
the ability to down-sample the entire image captured by the
pixel array using pixel binning.
There are two resolution options: binning 2 and binning
4, which reduce resolution by two or by four, respectively.
Row and column binning are separately selected. Image
mirroring options will work in conjunction with binning.
For column binning, either two or four columns are
combined by averaging to create the resulting column. For
row binning, the binning result value depends on the
difference in pixel values: for pixel signal differences of less
than 200 LSB’s, the result is the average of the pixel values.
For pixel differences of greater than 200 LSB’s, the result is
the value of the darker pixel value.
Binning operation increases SNR but decreases
resolution. Enabling row bin2 and row bin4 improves frame
Row Binning
By setting bit 0 or 1 of R0x0D or R0x0E, only half or
one-fourth of the row set is read out, as shown in Figure 30.
The number of rows read out is half or one-fourth of the
value set in R0x03. The row binning result depends on the
difference in pixel values: for pixel signal differences less
than 200 LSB’s, the result is the average of the pixel values.
For pixel differences of 200 LSB’s or more, the result is
the value of the darker pixel value.
Column Binning
For column binning, either two or four columns are
combined by averaging to create the result. In setting bit 2
or 3 of R0x0D or R0x0E, the pixel data rate is slowed down
by a factor of either two or four, respectively. This is due to
the overhead time in the digital pixel data processing chain.
As a result, the pixel clock speed is also reduced accordingly.
LINE_VALID
Normal readout
DOUT(9:0)
Row4
(9:0)
Row5
(9:0)
Row6
(9:0)
Row7
(9:0)
Row4
(9:0)
Row6
(9:0)
Row8
(9:0)
Row10
(9:0)
Row4
(9:0)
Row8
(9:0)
Row8
(9:0)
Row9
(9:0)
Row10
(9:0)
Row11
(9:0)
LINE_VALID
Row Bin 2 readout
DOUT(9:0)
LINE_VALID
Row Bin 4 readout
DOUT(9:0)
Figure 30. Readout of 8 Pixels in Normal and Row Bin Output Mode
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MT9V023
LINE_VALID
Normal readout
DOUT(9:0)
D1
(9:0)
D2
(9:0)
D3
(9:0)
D4
(9:0)
D5
(9:0)
D6
(9:0)
D7
(9:0)
D8
(9:0)
PIXCLK
LINE_VALID
Column Bin 2 readout
DOUT(9:0)
D34
(9:0)
D12
(9:0)
D56
(9:0)
D78
(9:0)
PIXCLK
LINE_VALID
Column Bin 4 readout
DOUT(9:0)
D1234
(9:0)
D5678
(9:0)
PIXCLK
Figure 31. Readout of 8 Pixels in Normal and Column Bin Output Mode
Consequently, the number of rows read out is half what is
set in the window height register. The row start register
determines which field gets read out; if the row start register
is even, then the even field is read out; if row start address
is odd, then the odd field is read out.
Interlaced Readout
The MT9V023 has two interlaced readout options. By
setting R0x07[2:0] = 1, all the even-numbered rows are read
out first, followed by a number of programmable field
blanking rows (set by R0xBF[7:0]), then the odd-numbered
rows, and finally the vertical blanking rows. By setting
R0x07[2:0] = 2 only one field row is read out.
P4,1 P4,2 P4,3 .....................................P4,n−1 P4,n
P6,0 P6,1 P6,2 .....................................P6,n−1 P6,n
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
VALID IMAGE − Even Field
HORIZONTAL
BLANKING
Pm−2,0Pm−2,2 .....................................Pm−2,n−2Pm−2,n
Pm,2 Pm,2 .....................................Pm,n−1 P m,n
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00
P5,1 P5,2 P5,3 .....................................P5,n−1 P5,n
P7,0 P7,1 P7,2 .....................................P7,n−1 P7,n
VALID IMAGE − Odd Field
FIELD BLANKING
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00
Pm−3,1Pm−3,2 .....................................Pm−3,n−1Pm−3,n
Pm,1 Pm,1 .....................................Pm,n−1 Pm,n
VERTICAL BLANKING
00 00 00 ............................................................................................. 00 00 00
00 00 00 ............................................................................................. 00 00 00
Figure 32. Spatial Illustration of Interlaced Image Readout
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MT9V023
When interlaced mode is enabled, the total number of
blanking rows are determined by both Field Blanking
register (R0xBF) and Vertical Blanking register (R0x06 or
R0xCE). The followings are their equations.
Field Blanking + R0xBF[7 : 0]
(eq. 22)
Vertical Blanking + R0x06[8 : 0] – R0xBF[7 : 0] (contextA) or R0xCE[8 : 0] – R0xBF[7 : 0] (contextB)
(eq. 23)
with
minimum vertical blanking requirement + 4 (absolute minimum operate; see Vertical Blanking Registers description for VBlank minimums
for valid image output)
(eq. 24)
Similar to progressive scan, FV is logic LOW during the
valid image row only. Binning should not be used in
conjunction with interlaced mode.
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MT9V023
LINE_VALID
rows and two vertical blanking rows are shown in Figure 33.
In the last format, the LV signal is the XOR between the
continuous LV signal and the FV signal.
By setting bit 2 and 3 of R0x72, the LV signal can get three
different output formats. The formats for reading out four
Default
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
Continuously
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
XOR
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
Figure 33. Different LINE_VALID Formats
LVDS Serial (Stand-Alone/Stereo) Output
data. Irrespective of the mode (stereoscopy/stand-alone),
LV and FV are always embedded in the pixel data.
In stereoscopic mode, the two sensors run in lock-step,
implying all state machines are in the same state at any given
time. This is ensured by the sensor-pair getting their sys-clks
and sys-resets in the same instance. Configuration writes
through the two-wire serial interface are done in such a way
that both sensors can get their configuration updates at once.
The inter-sensor serial link is designed in such a way that
once the slave PLL locks and the data-dly, shft-clk-dly and
stream-latency-sel are configured, the master sensor streams
valid stereo content irrespective of any variation voltage
and/or temperature as long as it is within specification. The
configuration values of data-dly, shft-clk-dly and
stream-latency-sel are either predetermined from the
board-layout or can be empirically determined by reading
back the stereo-error flag. This flag is asserted when the two
sensor streams are not in sync when merged. The combo_reg
is used for out-of-sync diagnosis.
The LVDS interface allows for the streaming of sensor
data serially to a standard off-the-shelf deserializer up to
eight meters away from the sensor. The pixels (and controls)
are packeted−12-bit packets for stand-alone mode and
18-bit packets for stereoscopy mode. All serial signalling
(CLK and data) is LVDS. The LVDS serial output could
either be data from a single sensor (stand-alone) or
stream-merged data from two sensors (self and its
stereoscopic slave pair). The appendices describe in detail
the topologies for both stand-alone and stereoscopic modes.
There are two standard deserializers that can be used. One
for a stand-alone sensor stream and the other from a
stereoscopic stream. The deserializer attached to a
stand-alone sensor is able to reproduce the standard parallel
output (8-bit pixel data, LV, FV, and PIXCLK). The
deserializer attached to a stereoscopic sensor is able to
reproduce 8-bit pixel data from each sensor (with embedded
LV and FV) and pixel-clk. An additional (simple) piece of
logic is required to extract LV and FV from the 8-bit pixel
Internal
PIXCLK
Internal
Parallel
Data
Internal
Line_Valid
Internal
Frame_Valid
External
Serial
Data Out
P41 P42
P51 P52 P53
P43 P44 P45 P46
1023
0
1023
1
P41 P42 P43 P44 P45 P46
P54 P55 P56
2
1
P51 P52 P53
P54 P55 P56 2
3
Figure 34. Serial Output Format for a 6x2 Frame
1. External pixel values of 0, 1, 2, 3, are reserved (they only convey control information). Any raw pixel of value 0, 1, 2 and 3 will be substituted
with 4.
2. The external pixel sequence 1023, 0, 1023 is a reserved sequence (conveys control information for legacy support of MT9V021 applications).
Any raw pixel sequence of 1023, 0, 1023 will be substituted with an output serial stream of 1023, 4, 1023.
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MT9V023
LVDS Output Format
consists of a start bit, 8-bit pixel data (with sync codes), the
line valid bit, the frame valid bit and the stop bit. For 10-bit
pixel mode (R0xB6[0] = 1), the packet consists of a start bit,
10-bit pixel data, and the stop bit.
In stand-alone mode, the packet size is 12 bits (2 frame bits
and 10 payload bits); 10-bit pixels or 8-bit pixels can be
selected. In 8-bit pixel mode (R0xB6[0] = 0), the packet
Table 9. LVDS PACKET FORMAT IN STAND-ALONE MODE (Stereoscopy Mode Bit De-Asserted)
12-Bit Packet
use_10-bit_pixels Bit De-Asserted
(8-Bit Mode)
use_10-bit_pixels Bit Asserted
(10-Bit Mode)
Bit[0]
1’b1 (Start bit)
1’b1 (Start bit)
Bit[1]
PixelData[2]
PixelData[0]
Bit2]
PixelData[3]
PixelData[1]
Bit[3]
PixelData[4]
PixelData[2]
Bit4]
PixelData[5]
PixelData[3]
Bit[5]
PixelData[6]
PixelData[4]
Bit[6]
PixelData[7]
PixelData[5]
Bit[7]
PixelData[8]
PixelData[6]
Bit[8]
PixelData[9]
PixelData[7]
Bit[9]
Line_Valid
PixelData[8]
Bit[10]
Frame_Valid
PixelData[9]
Bit[11]
1’b0 (Stop bit)
1’b0 (Stop bit)
In stereoscopic mode, the packet size is 18 bits (2 frame
bits and 16 payload bits). The packet consists of a start bit,
the master pixel byte (with sync codes), the slave byte (with
sync codes), and the stop bit.)
Table 10. LVDS PACKET FORMAT IN STEREOSCOPY MODE (Stereoscopy Mode Bit Asserted)
18-bit Packet
Function
Bit[0]
1’b1 (Start bit)
Bit[1]
MasterSensorPixelData[2]
Bit[2]
MasterSensorPixelData[3]
Bit[3]
MasterSensorPixelData[4]
Bit[4]
MasterSensorPixelData[5]
Bit[5]
MasterSensorPixelData[6]
Bit[6]
MasterSensorPixelData[7]
Bit[7]
MasterSensorPixelData[8]
Bit[8]
MasterSensorPixelData[9]
Bit[9]
SlaveSensorPixelData[2]
Bit[10]
SlaveSensorPixelData[3]
Bit[11]
SlaveSensorPixelData[4]
Bit[12]
SlaveSensorPixelData[5]
Bit[13]
SlaveSensorPixelData[6]
Bit[14]
SlaveSensorPixelData[7]
Bit[15]
SlaveSensorPixelData[8]
Bit[16]
SlaveSensorPixelData[9]
Bit[17]
1’b0 (Stop bit)
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MT9V023
Table 11. RESERVED WORDS IN THE PIXEL DATA STREAM
Pixel Data Reserved Word
Flag
0
Precedes frame valid assertion
1
Precedes line valid assertion
2
Succeeds line valid de-assertion
3
Succeeds frame valid de-assertion
If the sensor provides a pixel whose value is 0,1, 2, or 3
(that is, the same as a reserved word) then the outgoing serial
pixel value is switched to 4.
When LVDS mode is enabled along with column binning
(bin 2 or bin 4, R0x0D[3:2], the packet size remains the same
but the serial pixel data stream repeats itself depending on
whether 2X or 4X binning is set:
• For bin 2, LVDS outputs double the expected data
(post-binning pixel 0,0 is output twice in sequence,
followed by pixel 0,1 twice, . . .).
• For bin 4, LVDS outputs 4 times the expected data
(pixel 0,0 is output 4 times in sequence followed by
pixel 0,1 times 4, . . .).
LVDS Enable and Disable
The Table 12 and Table 13 further explain the state of the
LVDS output pins depending on LVDS control settings.
When the LVDS block is not used, it may be left powered
down to reduce power consumption.
The receiving hardware will need to undersample the
output stream getting data either every 2 clocks (bin 2) or
every 4 (bin 4) clocks.
Table 12. SER_DATAOUT_* STATE
R0xB1[1]
LVDS power down
R0xB3[4]
LVDS data power down
SER_DATAOUT_*
0
0
Active
0
1
Active
1
0
Z
1
1
Z
R0xB1[1]
LVDS power down
R0xB2[4]
LVDS shift-clk power down
SHFT_CLKOUT_*
0
0
Active
0
1
Z
1
0
Z
1
1
Z
Table 13. SHFT_CLK_* STATE
1. ERROR pin: When sensor is not in stereo mode, ERROR pin is at LOW.
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MT9V023
LVDS Data Bus Timing
The LVDS bus timing waveforms and timing
specifications are shown in Table 14 and Figure 35.
Data Rise/Fall Time
(10% − 90%)
Data Setup Time Data Hold Time
LVDS Data Output
(SER_DATAOUT_N/P)
LVDS Clock Output
(Shft_CLKOUT_N/P)
Clock Jitter
Clock Rise/Fall Time
(10% − 90%)
Figure 35. LVDS Timing
Table 14. LVDS AC TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
(VPWR = 3.3 V ±0.3 V; TJ = – 40°C to +105°C; output load = 100 Ω; frequency 27 MHz)
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
LVDS clock rise time
–
0.22
0.30
ns
LVDS clock fall time
–
0.22
0.30
ns
LVDS data rise time
–
0.28
0.30
ns
LVDS data fall time
–
0.28
0.30
ns
LVDS data setup time
0.3
0.67
–
ns
LVDS data hold time
0.1
1.34
–
ns
92
ps
LVDS clock jitter
–
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MT9V023
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table 15. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OVER TEMPERATURE
(VPWR = 3.3 V ±0.3 V; TJ = – 40°C to +105°C; Output Load = 10 pF; Frequency 13 MHz to 27 MHz; LVDS off)
Symbol
Definition
VIH
Input HIGH voltage
Condition
VIL
Input LOW voltage
IIN
Input leakage current
No pull-up resistor;
VIN = VPWR or VGND
VOH
Output HIGH voltage
VOL
Min.
Typ.
VPWR − 1.4
–
Max.
Unit
V
–
1.3
V
−5
–
5
A
IOH = –4.0 mA
VPWR − 0.3
–
–
V
Output LOW voltage
IOL = 4.0 mA
–
–
0.3
V
IOH
Output HIGH current
VOH = VDD − 0.7
−11
–
–
mA
IOL
Output LOW current
VOL = 0.7
–
–
11
mA
IPWRA
Analog supply current
Default settings
–
12
20
mA
IPIX
Pixel supply current
Default settings
–
1.1
3
mA
IPWRD
Digital supply current
Default settings,
CLOAD = 10 pF
–
42
60
mA
ILVDS
LVDS supply current
Default settings with
LVDS on
–
13
16
mA
IPWRA
Standby
Analog standby supply current
STDBY = VDD
–
0.2
3
A
IPWRD
Standby
Clock Off
Digital standby supply current
with clock off
STDBY = VDD,
CLKIN = 0 MHz
–
0.1
10
A
IPWRD
Standby
Clock On
Digital standby supply current
with clock on
STDBY= VDD,
CLKIN = 27 MHz
–
1
2
mA
Table 16. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VPWR = 3.3 V ±0.3 V; TA = Ambient = 25°C)
Symbol
Definition
Condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
250
–
400
mV
–
–
50
mV
1.0
1.2
1.4
mV
–
–
35
mV
LVDS Driver DC Specifications
|VOD|
Output differential voltage
|DVOD|
Change in VOD between
complementary output states
VOS
Output offset voltage
DVOS
Pixel array current
IOS
Digital supply current
IOZ
RLOAD = 100
+ 1%
Output current when driver is
tri-state
±10
mA
±1
A
LVDS Receiver DC Specifications
VIDTH+
Input differential
Iin
Input current
| VGPD| < 925mV
–100
–
100
mV
–
–
±20
A
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MT9V023
Table 17. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Unit
–0.3
4.5
V
Total power supply
current
–
200
mA
IGND
Total ground current
–
200
mA
VIN
DC input voltage
–0.3
VDD + 0.3
V
VOUT
DC output voltage
–0.3
VDD + 0.3
V
TSTG1
Storage temperature
–50
+150
°C
VSUPPLY
Power supply voltage
(all supplies)
ISUPPLY
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality
should not be assumed, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
1. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in
the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended
periods may affect reliability.
Table 18. AE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VPWR = 3.3 V ±0.3 V; TJ= –40°C to +105°C; Output Load = 10 pF)
Symbol
SYSCLK
Definition
Input clock frequency
Condition
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Note 1
13.0
26.6
27.0
MHz
45.0
50.0
55.0
%
Clock duty cycle
tR
Input clock rise time
–
3
5
ns
tF
Input clock fall time
–
3
5
ns
tPLHP
SYSCLK to PIXCLK propagation delay
CLOAD = 10pF
4
6
8
ns
tPD
PIXCLK to valid DOUT(9:0) propagation delay
CLOAD = 10pF
–3
0.6
3
ns
tSD
Data setup time
14
16
–
ns
tHD
Data hold time
14
16
–
tPFLR
PIXCLK to LV propagation delay
CLOAD = 10pF
5
7
9
ns
tPFLF
PIXCLK to FV propagation delay
CLOAD = 10pF
5
7
9
ns
Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and Data Out Signals
falling edge and the data output transition is typically 7ns.
Note that the falling edge of the pixel clock occurs at
approximately the same time as the data output transitions.
See Table 18 for data setup and hold times.
The pixel clock is inverted and delayed relative to the
master clock. The relative delay from the master clock
(SYSCLK) rising edge to both the pixel clock (PIXCLK)
tF
tR
SYSCLK
t PLHP
PIXCLK
t PD
t HD
t SD
DOUT(9:0)
Figure 36. Propagation Delays for PIXCLK and Data Out Signals
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35
MT9V023
Propagation Delays for FRAME_VALID and
LINE_VALID Signals
rising edge as the end of the output of the last valid pixel’s
data.
As shown in the “Output Data Timing”, FV goes HIGH
143 pixel clocks before the first LV goes HIGH. It returns
LOW 23 pixel clocks after the last LV goes LOW.
The LV and FV signals change on the same rising master
clock edge as the data output. The LV goes HIGH on the
same rising master clock edge as the output of the first valid
pixel’s data and returns LOW on the same master clock
t
PFLR
t
PIXCLK
PFLF
PIXCLK
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
FRAME_VALID
LINE_VALID
Figure 37. Propagation Delays for FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID Signals
Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing
Detailed timing waveforms and parameters for the
two-wire serial interface bus are shown in Figure 38 and
Table 19.
tf_clk
tr_clk
tSRTH
tSCLK
t
tASR
SCHW t SDSW
t AHR
tr_sdat
tf_sdat
90%
90%
10%
10% t
STPS tSTPH
SCLK
Write Address
SDATA
Bit 7
Register Address
Write Address
Bit 0
Bit 7
Bit 0
Register Value
ACK
Write Start
tASW
tAHW
t SHDR
Stop
t SDSR
SCLK
SDATA
Read Address
Bit 7
Read Start
Register Value
Bit 7
Read Address
Bit 0
ACK
Figure 38. Two-wire Serial Bus Timing
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36
Register Value
Bit 0
MT9V023
Table 19. TWO-WIRE SERIAL BUS TIMING PARAMETERS (Test Conditions: 25°C, 26.67 MHz, and 3.3 V)
Symbol
Max.
Unit
fSCLK
Serial interface input clock
frequency
Parameter
Condition
Min.
400
kHz
tSCLK
Serial Input clock period
2.5
μsec
SCLK duty cycle
40
Typ.
50
60
%
tr_sclk
SCLK rise time
165
ns
tf_sclk
SCLK fall time
6
ns
tr_sdat
SDATA rise time
180
ns
tf_sdat
SDATA fall time
9
ns
tSRTS
Start setup time
WRITE/READ
148
150
167
ns
tSRTH
Start hold time
WRITE/READ
36.9
36
37.6
ns
tSDSW
SDATA setup
WRITE
0
5
12
ns
tSDHW
SDATA hold
WRITE
1.3
36
37
ns
tASW
ACK setup time
WRITE
146
146
148
ns
tAHW
ACK hold time
WRITE
98.9
107
144
ns
tSTPS
Stop setup time
WRITE/READ
624
ns
tSTPH
Stop hold time
WRITE/READ
1.61
ns
tASR
ACK setup time
READ
192
228
229
ns
tAHR
ACK hold time
READ
247
284
287
ns
tSDSR
SDATA setup
READ
654
655
690
ns
tSDHR
SDATA hold
READ
560
595
596
ns
CIN_SI
Serial interface input pin
capacitance
3.5
pF
CLOAD_SD
SDATA max load capacitance
15
pF
RSD
SDATA external pull-up resistor
1.5
kΩ
1.5 k pull-up
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37
MT9V023
certain minimum master clock cycles between transitions.
These are specified in Figures 39 through 44, in units of
master clock cycles.
Minimum Master Clock Cycles
In addition to the AC timing requirements described in
Table 16, the two-wire serial bus operation also requires
4
4
SCLK
SDATA
Figure 39. Serial Host Interface Start Condition Timing
4
4
SCLK
SDATA
Note:
All timing are in units of master clock cycle.
Figure 40. Serial Host Interface Stop Condition Timing
4
4
SCLK
SDATA
Note:
SDATA is driven by an off-chip transmitter.
Figure 41. Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Write
5
SCLK
SDATA
Note:
SDATA is pulled LOW by the sensor, or allowed to be pulled HIGH by a pull-up resistor off-chip.
Figure 42. Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Read
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38
MT9V023
3
6
SCLK
Sensor pulls down
SDATA pin
SDATA
Figure 43. Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8-Bit WRITE to the Sensor
7
6
SCLK
Sensor tri−states S DATA pin
(turns off pull down)
SDATA
Note:
After a READ, the master receiver must pull down SDATA to acknowledge receipt of data bits. When read sequence is
complete, the master must generate a “No Acknowledge” by leaving SDATA to float HIGH. On the following cycle,
a start or stop bit may be used.
Figure 44. Acknowledge Signal Timing After an 8−Bit READ from the Sensor
40
Blue
Green (B)
35
Green (R)
Red
Quantum Efficiency (%)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
350
450
550
650
750
850
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 45. Typical Quantum Efficiency − Color
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39
950
1050
1150
MT9V023
60
50
Quantum Efficiency (%)
40
30
20
10
0
350
450
550
650
750
850
950
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 46. Typical Quantum Efficiency − Monochrome
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40
1050
1150
MT9V023
APPENDIX A – POWER-ON RESET AND STANDBY TIMING
There are no constraints concerning the order in which the
requires reset in order operate properly at power-up. Refer
various power supplies are applied; however, the MT9V023
to Figure 47 for the power-up, reset, and standby sequences.
Power
up
VDD, VDDLVDS,
VAA, VAAPIX
Active
non−Low−Power
Low−Power
non−Low−Power
Pre−Standby
Standby
Wake
up
Active
Power
down
MIN 20 SYSCLK cycles
RESET_BAR
Note 3
STANDBY
MIN 10 SYSCLK cycles
SYSCLK
MIN 10 SYSCLK cycles
SCLK, SDATA
Does not
respond to
serial
interface
when
STANDBY = 1
Two−Wire Serial I/F
DOUT[9:0]
DATA OUTPUT
Notes:
MIN 10 SYSCLK cycles
Driven = 0
DOUT[9:0]
1. All output signals are defined during initial power-up with RESET_BAR held LOW without SYSCLK being active. To properly
reset the rest of the sensor, during initial power-up, assert RESET_BAR (set to LOW state) for at least 750 ns after all power
supplies have stabilized and SYSCLK is active (being clocked). Driving RESET_BAR to LOW state does not put the part in
a low power state.
2. Before using two-wire serial interface, wait for 10 SYSCLK rising edges after RESET_BAR is de-asserted.
3. Once the sensor detects that STANDBY has been asserted, it completes the current frame readout before entering standby
mode. The user must supply enough SYSCLKs to allow a complete frame readout. See Table 4, “Frame Time,” for more
information.
4. In standby, all video data and synchronization output signals are High-Z.
5. In standby, the two-wire serial interface is not active.
Figure 47. Power-up, Reset, Clock and Standby Sequence
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41
MT9V023
IBGA52 9x9
CASE 503AA
ISSUE O
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42
MT9V023
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MT9V023/D