www.fairchildsemi.com FAN5602 Universal (Step-Up/Step-Down) Charge Pump Regulated DC/DC Converter Features Description • Low Noise Constant Frequency Operation at Heavy Load • High Efficiency Pulse-Skip (PFM) Operation at Light Load • Adaptive Seven Switch Configurations (1:3, 1:2, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1) • 92% Peak Efficiency • Input Voltage Range: 2.7V to 5.5V • Output Current:3.3V, 200mA at VIN = 3.6V • ±3% Output Voltage Accuracy • ICC < 1µA in Shutdown Mode • 1MHz Operating Frequency • Shutdown Isolates Output from Input • Soft-Start Limits Inrush Current at Start-up • Short Circuit and Over Temperature Protection • Minimum External Component Count • No Inductors The FAN5602 is a universal switched capacitor DC/DC converter capable of step-up or step-down operation. Due to its unique adaptive fractional switching topology, the device achieves high efficiency over a wider input/output voltage range than any of its predecessors. The FAN5602 utilizes resistance modulated loop control, which produces lower switching noise than other topologies. Depending upon actual load conditions, the device automatically switches between constant frequency and pulse skipping (PFM) modes of operation in order to extend battery life. The FAN5602 produces a fixed regulated output within the range of 2.7V to 5.5V from any type of voltage source. High efficiency is achieved under any input/output voltage conditions because an internal logic circuitry automatically reconfigures the system to the best possible topology. Only two 1µF bucket capacitors and one 10µF output capacitor are needed. During power on soft start circuitry prevents excessive current drawn from the supply. The device is protected against short circuit and over temperature conditions. Applications • • • • • • Cell Phones Handheld Computers Portable RF Communication Equipment Core Supply to Low Power Processors Low Voltage DC Bus DSP Supplies The FAN5602 is available with 3.3V, 4.5V, and 5.0V output voltage. Any other output voltage option within the 1.5V to 5V range is available upon request. The FAN5602 is available in 8-lead MSOP and 3x3mm 8-lead MLP packages Typical Application Input 2.7V to 5.5V VIN ENABLE 1 C2+ CIN CB C2- GND 2 FAN5602 8 6 3 7 4 5 C1+ VOUT COUT C1- REV. 1.1 10/7/04 FAN5602 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Pin Assignment TOP VIEW VIN 1 8 ENABLE C2+ 2 7 C1+ C2- 3 6 VOUT GND 4 5 C1- VIN ENABLE C2+ C1+ C2- VOUT GND C1- 8-Lead MSOP 3x3mm 8-Lead MLP FAN5602 Pin Description 2 Pin No. Pin Name Pin Description 1 VIN Supply Voltage Input 2 C2+ Bucket Capacitor2 Positive Connection 3 C2- 4 GND Bucket Capacitor2 Negative Connection 5 C1- 6 VOUT Regulated Output Voltage. Bypass this pin with 10µF ceramic low ESR capacitor. 7 C1+ Bucket Capacitor1 Positive Connection 8 ENABLE Ground Bucket Capacitor1 Negative Connection Enable Input. Logic high enables the chip and logic low disables the chip, reducing the supply current to less than 1µA. Do not float this pin. REV. 1.1 10/7/04 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FAN5602 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Parameter Min VIN,VOUT, ENABLE Voltage to GND Voltage at C1+, C1-, C2+, and C2- to GND Typ Max Unit -0.3 6.0 V -0.3 VIN + 0.3 V Power Dissipation Internally Limited Lead Soldering Temperature (10 seconds) 300 °C Junction Temperature 150 °C 150 °C Storage Temperature -55 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection (Note 2) HBM 2 CDM 2 kV Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Conditions Max Unit 5.5 V 30 mA 3.3V, VIN = 3.6V 200 mA 4.5 & 5.0V, VIN = 3.6V 100 mA 85 °C Input Voltage Load Current (Note 3) Ambient Temperature Min 1.8 Typ VIN < 2V -40 Notes: 1. Operation beyond the absolute maximum rating may cause permanent damage to device. 2. Using Mil Std. 883E, method 3015.7(Human Body Model) and EIA/JESD22C101-A (Charge Device Model). 3. Refer to “load Current Capability vs Input Voltage” in “Typical Performance Characteristics”. REV. 1.1 10/7/04 3 FAN5602 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION DC Electrical Characteristics VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V, C1 = C2 = 1µF, CIN = COUT = 10µF, ENABLE = VIN, TA = -40 °C to +85 °C unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = 25°C. Parameter Conditions Input Undervoltage Lockout Output Voltage, VOUT VIN ≥ 0.75 x VNOM, 0mA < ILOAD < 100mA Quiescent Current Min. Typ. Max. Units 1.5 1.7 2.2 V 0.97 x VNOM VNOM 1.03 x VNOM V VIN ≥ 1.1 x VNOM, ILOAD = 0mA 100 300 µA Off Mode Supply Current ENABLE = GND 0.1 1 µA Output Short-circuit Current VOUT < 150mV 200 mA Efficiency VIN = 0.85 x VNOM, ILOAD = 30mA 3.3V 4.5V, 5.0V 80 VIN = 1.1 x VNOM, ILOAD = 30mA 3.3V 90 4.5V, 5.0V 92 Oscillator Frequency TA = 25°C 75 0.7 1.0 % 1.3 MHz Thermal Shutdown Threshold 145 °C Thermal Shutdown Threshold Hysteresis 15 °C ENABLE Logic Input High Voltage, VIH 1.5 V ENABLE Logic Input Low Voltage, VIL 4 % -1 0.5 V 1 µA ENABLE Input Bias Current ENABLE = VIN or GND VOUT Turn On Time VIN = 0.9 x VNOM, ILOAD =0mA, 10% to 90% 0.5 mS VOUT Ripple VIN = 2.5V ILOAD = 200mA 10 mVpp REV. 1.1 10/7/04 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FAN5602 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VOUT = 4.5V unless otherwise noted. Shutdown Current vs Input Voltage 80 160 70 Shutdown Current (nA) Quiescent Current (mA) Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage 180 140 120 100 80 60 40 60 50 40 30 20 10 20 0 0 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 1 5.5 2 3 Input Voltage (V) 4 5 6 Input Voltage (V) Line Regulation Efficiency vs Input Voltage 100 4.55 90 80 ILOAD = 100mA Vout = 4.5V 4.45 Efficiency Output Voltage (V) 4.50 4.40 70 60 50 Load Current = 10mA Load Current = 50mA Load Current = 100mA Load Current = 150mA 40 4.35 30 4.30 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 20 2.500 6.0 3.000 3.500 Input Voltage (V) Load Regulation 4.500 5.000 5.500 Output Current Capability vs Input Voltage 4.6 700.0 600.0 4.5 Vin = 3.6V Load Current (mA) Output Voltage (V) 4.000 Input Voltage 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 ∆VOUT < 10% ∆VOUT < 3% 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 4.0 1 50 100 150 200 250 Load Currrent (mA) REV. 1.1 10/7/04 300 350 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Input Voltage (V) 5 FAN5602 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Typical Performance Characteristics (cont) TA = 25°C, VOUT = 4.5V unless otherwise noted. Output Voltage vs Ambient Temperture Output Voltage vs Input Voltage 5 4.5 Load Current = 10mA Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V) 4.5 4 3.5 3 Load Current = 10mA Load Current = 50mA Load Current = 100mA Load Current = 150mA Load Current = 200mA 2.5 4.45 4.4 4.35 4.3 2 2 3 4 5 6 -60 -40 -20 0 Input Voltage (V) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Ambient Temperature (C) Peak Efficiency vs Load Current Enable Threshold vs Input Voltage 80 1.4 1.3 Vin = 3.6V Enable (V) Efficiency (%) 75 70 1.2 1.1 1 65 0.9 60 0.8 0 50 100 150 200 250 2 300 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Input Voltage (V) Load Current (mA) Mode Change Threshold and Hysteresis Mode Change Threshold (V) 5.5 Mode 1 5 4.5 Mode 2 4 3.5 3 Mode 3 2.5 Mode 4 2 0 50 100 150 200 Load Current (mA) 6 REV. 1.1 10/7/04 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FAN5602 Typical Performance Characteristics (cont) TA = 25°C, VOUT = 3.3V unless otherwise noted. (50mV/div) TA = 25°C Output Voltage COUT = 5µF VIN = 3.0V (100mA/div) (50mV/div) (100mA/div) VIN = 3.7V Load Transient Response (2:3 Mode) Load Current Output Voltage Load Current Load Transient Response (LDO Mode) Time (10µs/div) Time (10µs/div) REV. 1.1 10/7/04 Output Voltage (2.00 V/d) (2.00 V/d) Enable Delay Enable Output Voltage (50mV/div) (100mA/div) Load Current COUT = 5µF TA = 25°C Time (10µs/div) Load Transient Response (1:2 Mode) VIN = 2.5V, TA = 25°C COUT = 5µF Time (400µs/div) 7 FAN5602 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Typical Performance Characteristics (cont) TA = 25°C, CIN = COUT =10µF, CB = 1µF, VOUT = 4.5V, unless otherwise noted. Output Ripple Output Ripple Iout = 200 mA Iout = 200 mA Vin = 2.5 V Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Vin = 3.0 Time (100 us/div) Time (100 us/div) Output Ripple Output Ripple Iout = 200 mA Vin = 3.6 V Vin = 4.2 V Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Iout = 200 mA Time (100 us/div) Time (100 us/div) Output Ripple Iout = 250 mA Vin = 2.5 V Vin = 3.0 V Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Iout = 250 mA Time (100 us/div) 8 Output Ripple Time (100 us/div) REV. 1.1 10/7/04 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FAN5602 Typical Performance Characteristics (cont) TA = 25°C, CIN = COUT =10µF, CB = 1µF, VOUT = 4.5V, unless otherwise noted. Output Ripple Output Ripple Iout = 250 mA Vin = 3.6 V Vin = 4.2 V Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Iout = 250 mA Time (100 us/div) Time (100 us/div) Output Ripple Output Ripple Iout = 300 mA Vin = 2.5 V Vin = 3.0 V Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Iout = 300 mA Time (100 us/div) Time (100 us/div) Output Ripple Output Ripple Iout = 300 mA Vin = 3.6 V Vin = 4.2 V Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Output Ripple (20 mV/div) Iout = 300 mA Time (100 us/div) REV. 1.1 10/7/04 Time (100 us/div) 9 FAN5602 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Block Diagram VIN ENABLE C1- C1+ BAND GAP VOUT FB ERROR AMP SOFT START BG Light load FB S W I T C H Heavy Load CURRENT SENSE EN EN C2+ PFM BG VIN CONTROL LOGIC REF MODE 150mV VOUT SC DRIVER A R R A Y C2- 1.6V VIN UVLO OSCILLATOR GND VIN VOUT Functional Description Linear Regulation Loop FAN5602 is a high efficiency and low noise switched-capacitor DC/DC converter and is capable of both step-up and step-down operations. It has seven built-in switch configurations. Based on the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage the FAN5602 automatically reconfigures the switches to achieve the highest efficiency. The regulation of the output is achieved by a linear regulation loop, which modulates the on-resistance of the power transistors so that the amount of charge transferred from the input to the flying capacitor at each clock cycle is controlled and is equal to the charge needed by the load. The current spike is reduced to minimum. At light load the FAN5602 automatically switches to PFM mode to save power. The regulation at PFM mode is achieved by skipping pulses. The FAN5602 operates at constant frequency at load higher than 10mA. The linear regulation loop consisting of power transistors, feedback (resistor divider) and error amplifier is used to realize the regulation of the output voltage and to reduce the current spike. The error amplifier takes feedback and reference as inputs and generates the error voltage signal. The error voltage signal is then used as the gate voltage of the power transistor and modulates the on-resistance of the power transistor and therefore the charge transferred from the input to the output is controlled and the regulation of the output is realized. Since the charge transfer is controlled, the FAN5602 has small ESR spike. 10 REV. 1.1 10/7/04 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FAN5602 Switch Array TOP TOP S1A MID S2A C1 S2A S1A S1A C1+ C1+ MID C1 S3A C1- GND C2 S3B S5 C1- Figure. 1a Mode1(1:1) C1+ S4B C1- GND Figure. 1b Mode2 (2:3 or 3:2): All Switches set for phase 1 and reverse state for phase 2 TOP TOP S1A C1+ S1B S2A C2+ S2B C1- S3A S3B S4A S4B C2 C2+ S1A S2A MID C1 C1+ C1 MID S2B C2 S3B C2- C1- S4A S5 S4B C2- GND Figure. 1c Mode3 (1:2 or 2:1): All Switches set for phase 1 and reverse state for phase 2 Switch Configurations The FAN5602 has seven built-in switch configurations including 1:1, 3:2, 2:1 and 3:1 for step-down and 2:3, 1:2 and 1:3 for step-up. When 1.5 x VOUT > VIN > VOUT, 1:1 mode shown in Fig. 1(a) is used. In this mode the internal oscillator is turned off. The power transistors connecting the input and the output become pass transistors and their gate voltages are controlled by the linear regulation loop, the rest of power transistors are turned off. In this mode the FAN5602 operates exactly like a low dropout (LDO) regulator and the ripple of the output is in the micro-volt range. REV. 1.1 10/7/04 Figure. 1d Mode4 (1:3 or 3:1): All Switches set for phase 1 and reverse state for phase 2 When 1.5 x VOUT > VIN > VOUT, 2:3 mode (step-up) shown in Fig. 1(b) is used. In the charging phase two flying capacitors are placed in series and each capacitor is charged to a half of the input voltage. In pumping phase the flying capacitors are placed in parallel. The input is connected to the bottom the capacitors so that the top of the capacitors is boosted to a voltage equals VIN/2 + VIN, i.e., 3/2 x VIN. By connecting the top of the capacitors to the output, one can ideally charge the output to 3/2 x VIN. If 3/2 x VIN is higher than the needed VOUT, the linear regulation loop will adjust the onresistance to drop some voltage. Boosting the voltage of the top of the capacitors to 3/2 x VIN by connecting VIN the bottom of the capacitors boosts the power efficiency 3/2 times. In 2:3 mode the ideal power efficiency is VOUT/1.5 x VIN (For example, if VIN = 2V, VOUT = 2 x VIN = 4V, the ideal power efficiency is 100%). 11 FAN5602 When 2 x VIN > VOUT > 1.5 x VIN, 1:2 mode (step-up) shown in Fig. 1(c) is used. Both in the charging phase and in pumping phase two flying capacitors are placed in parallel. In charging phase the capacitors are charged to the input voltage. In the pumping phase the input voltage is placed to the bottom the capacitors. The top of the capacitors is boosted to 2 x VIN. By connecting the top of the capacitors to the output, one can ideally charge the output to 2 x VIN. Boosting the voltage on the top of the capacitors to 2Vin boosts the power efficiency 2 times. In 1:2 mode the ideal power efficiency is VOUT/2 x VIN (For example, VIN = 2V, VOUT = 2 x VIN = 4V, the ideal power efficiency is 100%). When 3 x VIN > VOUT > 2 x VIN, 1:3 mode (step-up) shown in Fig. 1(d) is used. In charging phase two flying capacitors are placed in parallel and each is charged to VIN. In the pumping phase the two flying capacitors are placed in series and the input is connected to the bottom of the series connected capacitors. The top of the series connected capacitors is boosted to 3 x VIN. The ideal power efficiency is boosted 3 times and is equal to VOUT/3VIN (For example, VIN = 1V, VOUT = 3 x VIN = 3V, the ideal power efficiency is 100%). By connecting the output to the top of the series connected capacitors, one can charge the output to 3 x VIN. The internal logic in the FAN5602 monitors the input and the output and compares them and automatically selects the switch configuration to achieve the highest efficiency. The step-down modes 3:2, 2:1 and 3:1 can be understood by reversing the function of VIN and VOUT in the above discussion. The reason for built-in so many modes is to improve power efficiency and to extend the battery life. For example, if VOUT = 5V, mode 1:2 needs a minimum VIN = 2.5V. By built-in 1:3 mode, the minimum battery voltage is extended to 1.7V. Light Load Operation The power transistors used in the charge pump are very large in size. The dynamic loss from the switching the power transistors is not small and increases its proportion of the total power consumption as the load gets light. To save power, the FAN5602 switches, when the load is less than 10mA, from 12 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION constant frequency to pulse-skipping mode (PFM) for modes 2:3(3:2), 1:2(2:1) and 1:3(3:1) except mode 1:1. In PFM mode the linear loop is disabled and the error amplifier is turned off. A PFM comparator is used to setup an upper threshold and a lower threshold for the output. When the output is lower than the lower threshold, the oscillator is turned on and the charge pump starts working and keeps delivering charges from the input to the output until the output is higher than the upper threshold. Then shut off the oscillator, shut off power transistors and deliver the charge to the output from the output capacitor. PFM operation is not used for Mode 1:1 even if at light load. Mode 1:1 in the FAN5602 is designed as a LDO with the oscillator off. The power transistors at LDO mode are not switching and therefore do not have the dynamic loss. Switching from linear operation to PFM mode (ILOAD<10mA) and from PFM to linear mode (ILOAD>10mA) is automatic based on the load current, which is monitored all the time. Short Circuit When the output voltage is lower than 150mV, the FAN5602 enters short circuit condition. In this condition all power transistors are turned off. A small transistor shorting the input and the output turns on and charges the output. This transistor keeps on as long as the VOUT < 150mV. Since this transistor is very small, the current from the input to the output is limited. Once the short at the output is eliminated, this transistor is large enough to charge the output higher than 150mV and then the FAN5607 enters soft start period. Soft Start The FAN5602 uses a constant current charging a low pass filter to generate a ramp. The ramp is used as reference voltage during the startup. Since the ramp starts at zero and goes up slowly, the output follows the ramp and therefore inrush current is restricted. When the ramp is higher than bandgap voltage, the bandgap voltage supersedes ramp as reference and the soft start is over. The soft start takes about 500µs. Thermal Shutdown The FAN5602 will go to thermal shutdown if the junction temperature is over 150˚C with 15˚C hysteresis. REV. 1.1 10/7/04 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FAN5602 Application Information Using the FAN5602 to drive LCD backlighting problem. The backlight and flash LEDs will still be able to produce optimal brightness at the reduced regulation. When building this circuit be sure to use ceramic capacitors with low ESR. Also all capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the FAN5602 in the PCB layout. Below is an example circuit for a backlighting / Flash application. The FAN5602 4.5 volt option is ideal for driving the backlighting and flash LEDs for any portable device. One FAN5602 device can supply the roughly 150 mA that are needed to power both the backlight and the flash LEDs. Even thought drawing this much current from the FAN5602 will drive the part out of the 3% output regulation, it is not a Vin BATTERY 3.2 to 4.2V 10µF FOL216CIW Vout FAN5602 10µF 50 1µF FOL625CIW 50 50 50 20 1µF BACKLIGHT FLASH Figure 2. REV. 1.1 10/7/04 13 FAN5602 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Mechanical Dimensions 8-Lead MSOP Package 0.118 ±0.004 [3 ±0.1] SYMM _ C_ 8 0.193±0.004 0.118±0.004 [3±0.1] [4.9±0.1] (0.040) TYP [0.41] 1 (0.016) [0.41] TYP (0.0256) TYP [0.65] (0.0256) TYP [0.65] PCB LAND PATTERN GAGE PLANE(0.010) [0.25] 0.007±0.002 TYP [0.18±0.05] 0.030 - 0.037 [0.76 - 0.94] 0 -6 0.002 - 0.006 TYP - SEATING PLANE 0.012±0.002 TYP D _ C_ 0.002[0.05] C 0.002[0.05] M AS ES msop8 package.EPS 14 REV. 1.1 10/7/04 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FAN5602 Mechanical Dimensions 3x3mm 8-Lead MLP Package 2.37 A 3.0 0.15 C 4 2X 1 B 1.99 1.42 3.30 3.0 (0.65) 5 0.15 C 0.65 TYP 8 0.47 TYP 2X TOP VIEW PCB LAND PATTERN 1.0 MAX 0.10 C (0.20) 0.08 C 0.05 0.00 C SIDE VIEW SEATING PLANE PIN #1 IDENT 1 2.25 MAX. 4 0.45 0.20 1.30 MAX. 8 5 0.65 1.95 0.25~0.35 Ø0.10 M C A B Ø0.05 M C BOTTOM VIEW NOTES: A. CONFORMS TO JEDEC REGISTRATION MO-229, VARIATION VEEC, DATED 11/2001 B. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. C. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994 REV. 1.1 10/7/04 15 FAN5602 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Ordering Information Product Number FAN5602 Package Type Output Voltage, VNOM Order Code 8-Lead MSOP 3.3V FAN5602MU33X 3x3mm 8-Lead MLP 3.3V FAN5602MP33X 3x3mm 8-Lead MLP 4.5V FAN5602MP45X 3x3mm 8-Lead MLP 5.0V FAN5602MP5X DISCLAIMER FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the user. 2. A critical component in any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. www.fairchildsemi.com 10/7/04 0.0m 001 Stock#DS505602 2004 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation