AD AD9524 Jitter cleaner and clock generator with 6 differential or 13 lvcmos output Datasheet

Jitter Cleaner and Clock Generator with
6 Differential or 13 LVCMOS Outputs
AD9524
Data Sheet
FEATURES
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
APPLICATIONS
LTE and multicarrier GSM base stations
Wireless and broadband infrastructure
Medical instrumentation
Clocking high speed ADCs, DACs, DDSs, DDCs, DUCs, MxFEs
Low jitter, low phase noise clock distribution
Clock generation and translation for SONET, 10Ge, 10G FC,
and other 10 Gbps protocols
Forward error correction (G.710)
High performance wireless transceivers
ATE and high performance instrumentation
Rev. E
OSC
REFA,
REFA
REFB,
REFB
AD9524
PLL1
OUT0,
OUT0
PLL2
OUT1,
OUT1
REF_TEST
SCLK/SCL
SDIO/SDA
SDO
CONTROL
INTERFACE
(SPI AND I2C)
OUT4,
OUT4
ZERO
DELAY
OUT5,
OUT5
6-CLOCK
DISTRIBUTION
EEPROM
ZD_IN, ZD_IN
09081-001
Output frequency: <1 MHz to 1 GHz
Start-up frequency accuracy: <±100 ppm (determined by
VCXO reference accuracy)
Zero delay operation
Input-to-output edge timing: <±150 ps
6 outputs: configurable LVPECL, LVDS, HSTL, and LVCMOS
6 dedicated output dividers with jitter-free adjustable delay
Adjustable delay: 63 resolution steps of ½ period of VCO
output divider
Output-to-output skew: <±50 ps
Duty-cycle correction for odd divider settings
Automatic synchronization of all outputs on power-up
Absolute output jitter: <200 fs at 122.88 MHz
Integration range: 12 kHz to 20 MHz
Distribution phase noise floor: −160 dBc/Hz
Digital lock detect
Nonvolatile EEPROM stores configuration settings
SPI- and I²C-compatible serial control port
Dual PLL architecture
PLL1
Low bandwidth for reference input clock cleanup with
external VCXO
Phase detector rate of 300 kHz to 75 MHz
Redundant reference inputs
Auto and manual reference switchover modes
Revertive and nonrevertive switching
Loss of reference detection with holdover mode
Low noise LVCMOS output from VCXO used for RF/IF
synthesizers
PLL2
Phase detector rate of up to 250 MHz
Integrated low noise VCO
Figure 1.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD9524 provides a low power, multi-output, clock
distribution function with low jitter performance, along with an
on-chip PLL and VCO. The on-chip VCO tunes from 3.6 GHz to
4.0 GHz.
The AD9524 is defined to support the clock requirements for
long term evolution (LTE) and multicarrier GSM base station
designs. It relies on an external VCXO to provide the reference
jitter cleanup to achieve the restrictive low phase noise requirements necessary for acceptable data converter SNR performance.
The input receivers, oscillator, and zero delay receiver provide
both single-ended and differential operation. When connected
to a recovered system reference clock and a VCXO, the device
generates six low noise outputs with a range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz,
and one dedicated buffered output from the input PLL (PLL1).
The frequency and phase of one clock output relative to another
clock output can be varied by means of a divider phase select
function that serves as a jitter-free coarse timing adjustment in
increments that are equal to one-half the period of the signal
coming out of the VCO.
An in-package EEPROM can be programmed through the serial
interface to store user defined register settings for power-up and
chip reset.
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AD9524
Data Sheet
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Terminology .................................................................................... 18
Applications ....................................................................................... 1
Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 19
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1
Detailed Block Diagram ............................................................ 19
General Description ......................................................................... 1
Overview ..................................................................................... 19
Revision History ............................................................................... 3
Component Blocks—Input PLL (PLL1).................................. 20
Specifications..................................................................................... 4
Component Blocks—Output PLL (PLL2) .............................. 21
Conditions ..................................................................................... 4
Clock Distribution ..................................................................... 23
Supply Current .............................................................................. 4
Zero Delay Operation ................................................................ 25
Power Dissipation ......................................................................... 6
Lock Detect ................................................................................. 25
REFA, REFA, REFB, REFB, OSC_IN, OSC_IN, and
ZD_IN, ZD_IN Input Characteristics ....................................... 6
Reset Modes ................................................................................ 26
OSC_CTRL Output Characteristics .......................................... 7
Serial Control Port ......................................................................... 27
REF_TEST Input Characteristics ............................................... 7
SPI/I²C Port Selection................................................................ 27
PLL1 Characteristics .................................................................... 7
I²C Serial Port Operation .......................................................... 27
PLL1 Output Characteristics ...................................................... 7
SPI Serial Port Operation .......................................................... 30
Distribution Output Characteristics (OUT0, OUT0 to
OUT5, OUT5)............................................................................... 8
SPI Instruction Word (16 Bits) ................................................. 31
Timing Alignment Characteristics ............................................ 9
EEPROM Operations ..................................................................... 34
Jitter and Noise Characteristics .................................................. 9
Writing to the EEPROM ........................................................... 34
PLL2 Characteristics .................................................................... 9
Reading from the EEPROM ..................................................... 34
Logic Input Pins—PD, SYNC, RESET, EEPROM_SEL,
REF_SEL ...................................................................................... 10
Programming the EEPROM Buffer Segment ......................... 35
Status Output Pins—STATUS1, STATUS0 ............................. 10
Serial Control Port—SPI Mode ................................................ 10
Serial Control Port—I²C Mode ................................................ 11
Absolute Maximum Ratings .......................................................... 12
Thermal Resistance .................................................................... 12
ESD Caution ................................................................................ 12
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ........................... 13
Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 15
Input/Output Termination Recommendations .......................... 17
Power-Down Mode .................................................................... 26
SPI MSB/LSB First Transfers .................................................... 31
Power Dissipation and Thermal Considerations ....................... 37
Clock Speed and Driver Mode ................................................. 37
Evaluation of Operating Conditions........................................ 37
Thermally Enhanced Package Mounting Guidelines ............ 38
Control Registers ............................................................................ 39
Control Register Map ................................................................ 39
Control Register Map Bit Descriptions ................................... 43
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 56
Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 56
Rev. E | Page 2 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
REVISION HISTORY
1/14—Rev. D to Rev. E
3/11—Rev. A to Rev. B
Change Pin 34 from VDD1.8_OUT[0:3] to VDD1.8_OUT[2:3]
and Pin 42 from NC to VDD1.8_OUT[0:1] ................................13
Changes to Writing to the EEPROM Section.................................34
Added Register 0x190 .....................................................................40
Changes to EEPROM Buffer Registers .........................................41
Added Table 51 ................................................................................50
Added Table Summary, Table 8 ....................................................... 7
Changes to Table 9 ............................................................................ 8
Changes to EEPROM Operations Section and Writing to the
EEPROM Section ............................................................................ 32
Changes to Addr (Hex) 0x01A, Bits[4:3], Table 30 .................... 37
Changes to Bits[4:3], Table 40 ....................................................... 43
2/13—Rev. C to Rev. D
1/11—Rev. 0 to Rev. A
Deleted VDD1.8_PLL2................................................. Throughout
Changes to Data Sheet Title ............................................................ 1
Added TJ of 115°C, Table 1 .............................................................. 4
Changed VDD3_PLL1, Supply Voltage for PLL1 Typical
Parameter from 22 mA to 37 mA and Changed VDD3_PLL1,
Supply Voltage for PLL1 Maximum Parameter from 25.2 mA to
43 mA, Table 2 ................................................................................... 4
Changes to Table 3 ............................................................................ 6
Added PLL1 Characteristics Section and Table 7, Renumbered
Sequentially ........................................................................................ 7
Changes to Table 9 Summary Statement and Changed Differential Output Voltage Magnitude Unit from mV to V, Table 9 ........... 8
Changed Output Timing Skew Between LVPECL, HSTL, and
LVDS Outputs from 164 ps to 234 ps; Added Endnote 1;
Table 10 ............................................................................................... 9
Changes to Pin 5 Description, Table 19 .......................................13
Changed Pin 42 from VDD1.8_PLL2 to NC, Table 19 ..............14
Changes to Figure 24 ......................................................................21
Changes to Multimode Output Drivers Section .........................24
Changes to Clock Distribution Synchronization Section ..........25
Changes to Figure 29 and Added Lock Detect Section...............26
Added Reset Modes Section and Power-Down Mode Section .... 27
Changes to Pin Descriptions Section and Read Section ............31
Added Figure 38; Renumbered Sequentially ...............................33
Changes to Register Section Definition Group Section .............36
Changes to Power Dissipation and Thermal Considerations
Section ..............................................................................................38
Changes to Table 31 ........................................................................40
Change to Bit 4 and Bits[1:0] Description, Table 40...................45
Changes to Bit 2 Description, Table 41 and Bits[7:6]
Description, Table 42 ......................................................................46
Changes to Bits[1:0] Description, Table 43..................................47
Changes to Bit 4, Bits [3:2] Descriptions, Table 47 .....................48
Changes to Bit 3 Descriptions Table 48 ........................................49
Changed Bit 6 Name from Status PLL2 Feedback Clock to Status
PLL1 Feedback Clock, Table 54.......................................................52
Changes to General Description Section ....................................... 1
Changes to Specifications Summary Statement ............................ 4
Changes to Test Conditions/Comments for VDD3_PLL1,
Supply Voltage for PLL1 Parameter, Table 2.................................. 4
Changes to Typical Configuration and Low Power Typical
Configuration Parameters, Table 3 ................................................. 5
Changes to Input High Voltage and Input Low Voltage
Parameters; Added Input Threshold Voltage Parameter,
Table 4 ................................................................................................. 5
Changed Differential Output Voltage Swing Parameters to
Differential Output Voltage Magnitude; Changes to Test
Conditions/Comments, Table 8 ...................................................... 7
Changed Junction Temperature Parameter from 150°C to
115°C, Table 16 ................................................................................ 11
Added Figure 14; Renumbered Sequentially ............................... 15
Changes to Figure 15, Figure 17, and Figure 19; Change to
Caption of Figure 21 ....................................................................... 16
Added PLL1 Lock Detect Section ................................................. 19
Changes to VCO Calibration Section........................................... 21
Changed Output Mode Section to Multimode Output
Drivers; Changes to Multimode Output Drivers Section .......... 22
Changes to Figure 29 ...................................................................... 24
Changes to SPI/I2C Port Selection Section ................................. 25
Change to SPI Instruction Word (16 Bits) Section ..................... 29
Added Power Dissipation and Thermal Considerations
Section .............................................................................................. 35
Changes to Table 34 to Table 36 and Table 38 ............................. 42
Change to Register 0x0F3, Bit 1 Description, Table 47 .............. 45
Change to Register 0x198, Bits[7:2], Table 50 ............................. 47
Changes to Table 52 ........................................................................ 48
Changes to Register 0x230 and Register 0x231, Table 54 .......... 49
7/10—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. E | Page 3 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
SPECIFICATIONS
fVCXO = 122.88 MHz single-ended, REFA and REFB on differential at 30.72 MHz, fVCO = 3932.16 MHz, doubler is off, channel control
low power mode off, divider phase =1, unless otherwise noted. Typical is given for VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%, and TA = 25°C, unless otherwise
noted. Minimum and maximum values are given over the full VDD and TA (−40°C to +85°C) variation, as listed in Table 1.
CONDITIONS
Table 1.
Parameter
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
VDD3_PLL1, Supply Voltage for PLL1
VDD3_PLL2, Supply Voltage for PLL2
VDD3_REF, Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers Reference
VDD3_OUT[x:y], 1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD1.8_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Dividers
TEMPERATURE
Ambient Temperature Range, TA
Junction Temperature, TJ
1
Min
Typ
Max
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
1.8
−40
+25
+85
115
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
V
V
V
V
V
3.3 V ± 5%
3.3 V ± 5%
3.3 V ± 5%
3.3 V ± 5%
1.8 V ± 5%
°C
°C
x and y are the pair of differential outputs that share the same power supply. For example, VDD3_OUT[0:1] is Supply Voltage Clock Output OUT0, OUT0 (Pin 41 and Pin 40,
respectively) and Supply Voltage Clock Output OUT1, OUT1 (Pin 38 and Pin 37, respectively).
SUPPLY CURRENT
Table 2.
Parameter
SUPPLIES OTHER THAN CLOCK OUTPUT DRIVERS
VDD3_PLL1, Supply Voltage for PLL1
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
37
43
mA
Decreases by 9 mA typical if REFB is turned
off
67
77.7
mA
5
6
mA
LVDS Mode
4
4.8
mA
HSTL Mode
3
3.6
mA
CMOS Mode
3
3.6
mA
3.5
4.2
mA
11.5
40
13.2
45
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
6.5
23
7.5
26.3
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
13
41
14.4
46.5
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
14
16.3
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
2
2.4
mA
f = 15.36 MHz, 10 pF load
VDD3_PLL2, Supply Voltage for PLL2
VDD3_REF, Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
Reference
LVPECL Mode
VDD1.8_OUT[x:y], 1 Supply Voltage Clock Dividers 2
CLOCK OUTPUT DRIVERS—LOWER POWER MODE OFF
LVDS Mode, 7 mA
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
LVDS Mode, 3.5 mA
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
LVPECL Compatible Mode
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
HSTL Mode, 8 mA
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
CMOS Mode (Single-Ended)
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
Min
Rev. E | Page 4 of 56
Only one output driver turned on; for each
additional output that is turned on, the current
increments by 1.2 mA maximum
Only one output driver turned on; for each
additional output that is turned on, the current
increments by 1.2 mA maximum
Values are independent of the number of
outputs turned on
Values are independent of the number of
outputs turned on
Current for each divider: f = 245.76 MHz
Channel x control register, Bit 4 = 0
Data Sheet
Parameter
CLOCK OUTPUT DRIVERS—LOWER POWER MODE ON
LVDS Mode, 7 mA
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
LVDS Mode, 3.5 mA
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
LVPECL Compatible Mode
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
HSTL Mode, 16 mA
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
HSTL Mode, 8 mA
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
VDD3_OUT[x:y],1 Supply Voltage Clock Output Drivers
AD9524
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
Channel x control register, Bit 4 = 1
10
27
10.8
29.8
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
6.5
23
7.5
26.3
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
11
28
12.4
31.2
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
20
50
24.3
59.1
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
11
27
12.7
31.8
mA
mA
f = 122.88 MHz
f = 983.04 MHz
x and y are the pair of differential outputs that share the same power supply. For example, VDD3_OUT[0:1] is Supply Voltage Clock Output OUT0, OUT0 (Pin 41 and Pin 40,
respectively) and Supply Voltage Clock Output OUT1, OUT1 (Pin 38 and Pin 37, respectively).
2
The current for Pin 34 (VDD1.8_OUT[0:3]) is 2× that of the other VDD1.8_OUT[x:y] pairs.
1
Rev. E | Page 5 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
POWER DISSIPATION
Table 3.
Parameter
POWER DISSIPATION
Typical Configuration
Min
PD, Power-Down
INCREMENTAL POWER DISSIPATION
Low Power Typical Configuration
Switched to One Input,
Reference Single-Ended Mode
Switched to Two Inputs,
Reference Differential Mode
Switched to Two Inputs,
Reference Single-Ended Mode
Output Distribution, Driver On
LVDS
LVPECL Compatible
HSTL
CMOS
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
559
593
mW
101
132.2
mW
Clock distribution outputs running as follows: four LVPECL outputs
at 122.88 MHz, two LVDS outputs (3.5 mA) at 122.88 MHz,
one differential input reference at 30.72 MHz; fVCXO = 122.88 MHz,
fVCO = 3932.16 MHz; PLL2 BW = 530 kHz; doubler is off
PD pin pulled low, with typical configuration conditions
389
450.4
mW
−28.5
−8
mW
Absolute total power with clock distribution; one LVPECL output
running at 122.88 MHz; one differential input reference at
30.72 MHz; fVCXO = 122.88 MHz, fVCO = 3932.16 MHz; doubler is off
Running at 30.72 MHz
26
44.6
mW
Running at 30.72 MHz
−27.5
−5.1
mW
Running at 30.72 MHz
15.3
47.8
50.1
40.2
43.7
6.6
9.9
9.9
18.4
55.4
54.9
46.3
50.3
7.9
11.9
11.9
mW
mW
mW
mW
mW
mW
mW
mW
Incremental power increase (OUT1) from low power typical (3.3 V)
Single 3.5 mA LVDS output at 245.76 MHz
Single 7 mA LVDS output at 61.44 MHz
Single LVPECL output at 122.88 MHz
Single 8 mA HSTL output at 122.88 MHz
Single 16 mA HSTL output at 122.88 MHz
Single 3.3 V CMOS output at 15.36 MHz
Dual complementary 3.3 V CMOS output at 15.36 MHz
Dual in-phase 3.3 V CMOS output at 15.36 MHz
REFA, REFA, REFB, REFB, OSC_IN, OSC_IN, AND ZD_IN, ZD_IN INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 4.
Parameter
DIFFERENTIAL MODE
Input Frequency Range
Input Slew Rate (OSC_IN)
Common-Mode Internally
Generated Input Voltage
Input Common-Mode Range
Differential Input Voltage,
Sensitivity Frequency < 250 MHz
Differential Input Voltage,
Sensitivity Frequency > 250 MHz
Differential Input Resistance
Differential Input Capacitance
Duty Cycle
Pulse Width Low
Pulse Width High
CMOS MODE SINGLE-ENDED INPUT
Input Frequency Range
Input High Voltage
Input Low Voltage
Input Threshold Voltage
Min
400
0.6
Typ
0.7
1.025
100
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
400
MHz
V/µs
V
Minimum limit imposed for jitter performance
0.8
1.475
200
V
mV p-p
mV p-p
4.8
1
For dc-coupled LVDS (maximum swing)
Capacitive coupling required; can accommodate single-ended
input by ac grounding of unused input; the instantaneous voltage
on either pin must not exceed the 1.8 V dc supply rails
Capacitive coupling required; can accommodate single-ended
input by ac grounding of unused input; the instantaneous voltage
on either pin must not exceed the 1.8 V dc supply rails
kΩ
pF
Duty cycle bounds are set by pulse width high and pulse width low
1
1
ns
ns
250
1.6
0.52
1.0
MHz
V
V
V
When ac coupling to the input receiver, the user must dc bias the
input to 1 V; the single-ended CMOS input is 3.3 V compatible
Rev. E | Page 6 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Parameter
Input Capacitance
Duty Cycle
Pulse Width Low
Pulse Width High
Min
Typ
1
Max
Unit
pF
Test Conditions/Comments
Duty cycle bounds are set by pulse width high and pulse width low
1.6
1.6
ns
ns
OSC_CTRL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 5.
Parameter
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
High
Low
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
V
mV
RLOAD > 20 kΩ
150
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
250
MHz
V
V
VDD3_PLL1 − 0.15
REF_TEST INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 6.
Parameter
REF_TEST INPUT
Input Frequency Range
Input High Voltage
Input Low Voltage
Min
Typ
2.0
0.8
PLL1 CHARACTERISTICS
Table 7.
Parameter
PLL1 FIGURE OF MERIT (FOM)
MAXIMUM PFD FREQUENCY
Antibacklash Pulse Width
Minimum and Low
Maximum and High
Min
Typ
−226
Max
Unit
dBc/Hz
75
75
MHz
MHz
Test Conditions/Comments
PLL1 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 8.
Parameter 1
MAXIMUM OUTPUT FREQUENCY
Rise/Fall Time (20% to 80%)
Duty Cycle
OUTPUT VOLTAGE HIGH
Min
45
Typ
250
387
50
Max
665
55
VDD3_PLL1 − 0.25
VDD3_PLL1 − 0.1
Unit
MHz
ps
%
V
V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE LOW
0.2
0.1
1
CMOS driver strength = strong (see Table 53).
Rev. E | Page 7 of 56
V
V
Test Conditions/Comments
15 pF load
f = 250 MHz
Output driver static
Load current = 10 mA
Load current = 1 mA
Output driver static
Load current = 10 mA
Load current = 1 mA
AD9524
Data Sheet
DISTRIBUTION OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS (OUT0, OUT0 TO OUT5, OUT5)
Duty cycle performance is specified with the invert divider bit set to 1, and the divider phase bits set to 0.5. (For example, for Channel 0,
0x196[7] = 1 and 0x198[7:2] = 000001.) Output Voltage Reference VDD in Table 9 refers to the 3.3 V supply VDD3_OUT[x:y] supply.
Table 9.
Parameter
LVPECL MODE 1
Maximum Output Frequency
Rise Time/Fall Time (20% to 80%)
Duty Cycle
Differential Output Voltage Magnitude
Common-Mode Output Voltage
SCALED HSTL MODE, 16 mA
Maximum Output Frequency
Rise Time/Fall Time (20% to 80%)
Duty Cycle
Differential Output Voltage Magnitude
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
47
43
40
643
VDD − 1.5
1
117
50
48
49
775
VDD − 1.4
147
52
52
54
924
VDD − 1.25
GHz
ps
%
%
%
mV
V
Minimum VCO/maximum dividers
100 Ω termination across output pair
f < 500 MHz
f = 500 MHz to 800 MHz
f = 800 MHz to 1 GHz
Voltage across pins; output driver static
Output driver static
47
44
40
1.3
1
112
50
48
49
1.6
141
52
51
54
1.7
GHz
ps
%
%
%
V
Minimum VCO/maximum dividers
100 Ω termination across output pair
f < 500 MHz
f = 500 MHz to 800 MHz
f = 800 MHz to 1 GHz
Voltage across pins, output driver static;
nominal supply
Change in output swing vs. VDD3_OUT[x:y]
(ΔVOD/ΔVDD3)
Supply Sensitivity
Common-Mode Output Voltage
LVDS MODE, 3.5 mA
Maximum Output Frequency
Rise Time/Fall Time (20% to 80%)
Duty Cycle
Differential Output Voltage Magnitude
Balanced
Unbalanced
Common-Mode Output Voltage
Common-Mode Difference
Short-Circuit Output Current
CMOS MODE
Maximum Output Frequency
Rise Time/Fall Time (20% to 80%)
Duty Cycle
Output Voltage High
0.6
mV/mV
VDD − 1.76
VDD − 1.6
VDD − 1.42
V
48
43
41
1
138
51
49
49
161
53
53
55
GHz
ps
%
%
%
247
454
50
mV
mV
1.125
1.375
50
V
mV
3.5
24
mA
250
387
50
665
55
MHz
ps
%
45
VDD − 0.25
VDD − 0.1
V
V
Output Voltage Low
0.2
0.1
1
See the Multimode Output Drivers section.
Rev. E | Page 8 of 56
V
V
100 Ω termination across output pair
f < 500 MHz
f = 500 MHz to 800 MHz
f = 800 MHz to 1 GHz
Voltage across pins; output driver static
Absolute difference between voltage
magnitude of normal pin and inverted pin
Output driver static
Voltage difference between output pins;
output driver static
Output driver static
15 pF load
f = 250 MHz
Output driver static
Load current = 10 mA
Load current = 1 mA
Output driver static
Load current = 10 mA
Load current = 1 mA
Data Sheet
AD9524
TIMING ALIGNMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Table 10.
Parameter
OUTPUT TIMING SKEW
Min
Between LVPECL, HSTL, and LVDS Outputs
Between CMOS Outputs
Adjustable Delay
Resolution Step
Zero Delay
Between Input Clock Edge on REFA or
REFB to ZD_IN Input Clock Edge,
External Zero Delay Mode
Typ
Max
Unit
38
100
234
300
63
ps
ps
Steps
ps
500
ps
0
500
150
Test Conditions/Comments
Delay off on all outputs; maximum deviation
between rising edges of outputs; all outputs are on,
unless otherwise noted.
Single-ended true phase high-Z mode
Resolution step; for example, 8 × 0.5/1 GHz
½ period of 1 GHz
PLL1 settings: PFD = 7.68 MHz, ICP = 63.5 µA, RZERO = 10 kΩ,
antibacklash pulse width is at maximum, BW = 40 Hz,
REFA and ZD_IN are set to differential mode
JITTER AND NOISE CHARACTERISTICS
Table 11.
Parameter
OUTPUT ABSOLUTE RMS TIME JITTER
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
Application example based on a typical setup
(see Table 3); f = 122.88 MHz
fs
fs
fs
fs
fs
Integrated BW = 200 kHz to 5 MHz
Integrated BW = 200 kHz to 10 MHz
Integrated BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz
Integrated BW = 10 kHz to 61 MHz
Integrated BW = 1 kHz to 61 MHz
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
4000
MHz
MHz/V
dBc/Hz
250
125
MHz
MHz
LVPECL Mode, HSTL Mode, LVDS Mode
125
136
169
212
223
PLL2 CHARACTERISTICS
Table 12.
Parameter
VCO (ON CHIP)
Frequency Range
Gain
PLL2 FIGURE OF MERIT (FOM)
MAXIMUM PFD FREQUENCY
Antibacklash Pulse Width
Minimum and Low
Maximum and High
Min
Typ
3600
45
−226
Rev. E | Page 9 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
LOGIC INPUT PINS—PD, SYNC, RESET, EEPROM_SEL, REF_SEL
Table 13.
Parameter
VOLTAGE
Input High
Input Low
INPUT LOW CURRENT
CAPACITANCE
RESET TIMING
Pulse Width Low
Inactive to Start of Register Programming
SYNC TIMING
Pulse Width Low
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
±80
0.8
±250
V
V
µA
2.0
3
Test Conditions/Comments
The minus sign indicates that, due to the
internal pull-up resistor, current is flowing
out of the AD9524
pF
50
100
ns
ns
1.5
ns
High speed clock is CLK input signal
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
0.4
V
V
Max
Unit
STATUS OUTPUT PINS—STATUS1, STATUS0
Table 14.
Parameter
VOLTAGE
Output High
Output Low
Min
Typ
2.94
SERIAL CONTROL PORT—SPI MODE
Table 15.
Parameter
CS (INPUT)
Voltage
Input Logic 1
Input Logic 0
Current
Input Logic 1
Input Logic 0
Input Capacitance
SCLK (INPUT) IN SPI MODE
Voltage
Input Logic 1
Input Logic 0
Current
Input Logic 1
Input Logic 0
Input Capacitance
SDIO (WHEN INPUT IS IN BIDIRECTIONAL MODE)
Voltage
Input Logic 1
Input Logic 0
Current
Input Logic 1
Input Logic 0
Input Capacitance
Min
Typ
2.0
0.8
V
V
30
−110
µA
µA
2
pF
Test Conditions/Comments
CS has an internal 40 kΩ pull-up resistor
The minus sign indicates that, due to the
internal pull-up resistor, current is flowing out
of the AD9524
SCLK has an internal 40 kΩ pull-down resistor
in SPI mode but not in I2C mode
2.0
0.8
V
V
240
1
2
µA
µA
pF
2.0
0.8
V
V
1
1
2
µA
µA
pF
Rev. E | Page 10 of 56
Data Sheet
Parameter
SDIO, SDO (OUTPUTS)
Output Logic 1 Voltage
Output Logic 0 Voltage
TIMING
Clock Rate (SCLK, 1/tSCLK)
Pulse Width High, tHIGH
Pulse Width Low, tLOW
SDIO to SCLK Setup, tDS
SCLK to SDIO Hold, tDH
SCLK to Valid SDIO and SDO, tDV
CS to SCLK Setup, tS
CS to SCLK Setup and Hold, tS, tC
CS Minimum Pulse Width High, tPWH
AD9524
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
0.4
V
V
2.7
25
8
12
3.3
0
14
10
0
6
Test Conditions/Comments
MHz
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
SERIAL CONTROL PORT—I²C MODE
VDD = VDD3_REF, unless otherwise noted.
Table 16.
Parameter
SDA, SCL (WHEN INPUTTING DATA)
Input Logic 1 Voltage
Input Logic 0 Voltage
Input Current with an Input Voltage Between
0.1 × VDD and 0.9 × VDD
Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger Inputs
Pulse Width of Spikes That Must Be
Suppressed by the Input Filter, tSPIKE
SDA (WHEN OUTPUTTING DATA)
Output Logic 0 Voltage at 3 mA Sink Current
Output Fall Time from VIHMIN to VILMAX with
a Bus Capacitance from 10 pF to 400 pF
TIMING
Clock Rate (SCL, fI2C)
Bus Free Time Between a Stop and Start
Condition, tIDLE
Setup Time for a Repeated Start Condition,
tSET; STR
Hold Time (Repeated) Start Condition, tHLD; STR
Setup Time for Stop Condition, tSET; STP
Low Period of the SCL Clock, tLOW
High Period of the SCL Clock, tHIGH
SCL, SDA Rise Time, tRISE
SCL, SDA Fall Time, tFALL
Data Setup Time, tSET; DAT
Data Hold Time, tHLD; DAT
Capacitive Load for Each Bus Line, CB1
1
2
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
0.3 × VDD
+10
V
V
µA
50
V
ns
0.4
250
V
ns
0.7 × VDD
−10
0.015 × VDD
20 + 0.1 CB
1
Test Conditions/Comments
Note that all I2C timing values are referred to
VIHMIN (0.3 × VDD) and VILMAX levels (0.7 × VDD)
1.3
400
kHz
µs
0.6
µs
0.6
µs
0.6
1.3
0.6
20 + 0.1 CB1
20 + 0.1 CB1
100
100
880
µs
µs
µs
ns
ns
ns
ns
400
pF
300
300
After this period, the first clock pulse is
generated
This is a minor deviation from the original I²C
specification of 0 ns minimum 2
CB is the capacitance of one bus line in picofarads (pF).
According to the original I2C specification, an I2C master must also provide a minimum hold time of 300 ns for the SDA signal to bridge the undefined region of the SCL
falling edge.
Rev. E | Page 11 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 17.
Parameter
VDD3_PLL1, VDD3_PLL2, VDD3_REF,
VDD3_OUT, LDO_VCO to GND
REFA, REFA, REFIN, REFB, REFB to GND
SCLK/SCL, SDIO/SDA, SDO, CS to GND
OUT0, OUT0, OUT1, OUT1, OUT2, OUT2,
OUT3, OUT3, OUT4, OUT4, OUT5, OUT5,
to GND
SYNC, RESET, PD to GND
STATUS0, STATUS1 to GND
SP0, SP1, EEPROM_SEL to GND
VDD1.8_OUT, LDO_PLL1, LDO_PLL2 to
GND
Storage Temperature Range
Lead Temperature (10 sec)
THERMAL RESISTANCE
Rating
−0.3 V to +3.6 V
θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device
soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages.
−0.3 V to +3.6 V
−0.3 V to +3.6 V
−0.3 V to +3.6 V
Table 18. Thermal Resistance
Package Type
48-Lead LFCSP,
7 mm ×
7 mm
−0.3 V to +3.6 V
−0.3 V to +3.6 V
−0.3 V to +3.6 V
2V
Airflow
Velocity
(m/sec)
0
1.0
2.5
θJA1, 2
26.1
22.8
20.4
θJC1, 3
1.7
θJB1, 4
13.8
ΨJT1, 2
0.2
0.2
0.3
Unit
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
Per JEDEC 51-7, plus JEDEC 51-5 2S2P test board.
Per JEDEC JESD51-2 (still air) or JEDEC JESD51-6 (moving air).
3
Per MIL-Std 883, Method 1012.1.
4
Per JEDEC JESD51-8 (still air).
1
2
−65°C to +150°C
300°C
For information about power dissipation, refer to the Power
Dissipation and Thermal Considerations section.
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may
cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only;
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions
above those indicated in the operational section of this specification
is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions
for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
Rev. E | Page 12 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
VDD3_PLL1
LDO_PLL1
PLL1_OUT
REF_SEL
ZD_IN
ZD_IN
VDD1.8_OUT[0:1]
OUT0
OUT0
VDD3_OUT[0:1]
OUT1
OUT1
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
AD9524
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
STATUS0/SP0
STATUS1/SP1
VDD1.8_OUT[2:3]
OUT2
OUT2
VDD3_OUT[2:3]
OUT3
OUT3
EEPROM_SEL
PD
RESET
REF_TEST
NOTES
1. PINS LABELED NC CAN BE ALLOWED TO FLOAT, BUT IT IS BETTER TO CONNECT THESE PINS TO GROUND.
AVOID ROUTING HIGH SPEED SIGNALS THROUGH THESE PINS BECAUSE NOISE COUPLING MAY RESULT.
ON EXISTING PCB DESIGNS, IT ISACCEPTABLE TO LEAVE PIN 42 CONNECTED TO 1.8V SUPPLY.
2. THE EXPOSED PADDLE IS THE GROUND CONNECTION ON THE CHIP. IT MUST BE
SOLDERED TO THE ANALOG GROUND OF THE PCB TO ENSURE PROPER FUNCTIONALITY
AND HEAT DISSIPATION, NOISE, AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH BENEFITS.
09081-002
SYNC
VDD3_REF
CS
SCLK/SCL
SDIO/SDA
SDO
OUT5
OUT5
VDD3_OUT[4:5]
OUT4
OUT4
VDD1.8_OUT[4:5]
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
REFA 1
REFA 2
REFB 3
REFB 4
LF1_EXT_CAP 5
OSC_CTRL 6
OSC_IN 7
OSC_IN 8
LF2_EXT_CAP 9
LDO_PLL2 10
VDD3_PLL2 11
LDO_VCO 12
Figure 2. Pin Configuration
Table 19. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin
No.
1
Mnemonic
REFA
Type1
I
2
REFA
I
3
REFB
I
4
REFB
I
5
LF1_EXT_CAP
O
Description
Reference Clock Input A. Along with REFA, this pin is the differential input for the PLL reference.
Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3 V CMOS input.
Complementary Reference Clock Input A. Along with REFA, this pin is the differential input for
the PLL reference. Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3V CMOS input.
Reference Clock Input B. Along with REFB, this pin is the differential input for the PLL reference.
Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3 V CMOS input.
Complementary Reference Clock Input B. Along with REFB, this pin is the differential input for
the PLL reference. Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3 V CMOS input.
PLL1 External Loop Filter Capacitor. Connect a loop filter capacitor to this pin and to ground.
6
OSC_CTRL
O
Oscillator Control Voltage. Connect this pinto the voltage control pin of the external oscillator.
7
OSC_IN
I
8
OSC_IN
I
9
10
LF2_EXT_CAP
LDO_PLL2
O
P/O
11
VDD3_PLL2
P
PLL1 Oscillator Input. Along with OSC_IN, this pin is the differential input for the PLL reference.
Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3 V CMOS input.
Complementary PLL1 Oscillator Input. Along with OSC_IN, this pin is the differential input for the
PLL reference. Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3 V CMOS input.
PLL2 External Loop Filter Capacitor Connection. Connect a capacitor to this pin and LDO_VCO.
LDO Decoupling Pin for PLL2 1.8 V Internal Regulator. Connect a 0.47 μF decoupling capacitor
from this pin to ground. Note that for best performance, the LDO bypass capacitor must be
placed in close proximity to the device.
3.3 V Supply for PLL2.
12
LDO_VCO
P/O
13
SYNC
I
14
VDD3_REF
P
2.5 V LDO Internal Regulator Decoupling Pin for VCO. Connect a 0.47 μF decoupling capacitor
from this pin to ground. Note that, for best performance, the LDO bypass capacitor must be
placed in close proximity to the device.
Manual Synchronization. This pin initiates a manual synchronization and has an internal
40 kΩ pull-up resistor.
3.3 V Supply for Output Clock Drivers Reference.
15
CS
I
Serial Control Port Chip Select, Active Low. This pin has an internal 40 kΩ pull-up resistor.
16
SCLK/SCL
I
Serial Control Port Clock Signal for SPI Mode (SCLK) or I2C Mode (SCL). Data clock for serial programming.
Rev. E | Page 13 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
Pin
No.
Mnemonic
Type 1
17
18
SDIO/SDA
SDO
I/O
O
19
OUT5
O
20
OUT5
O
21
22
VDD3_OUT[4:5]
OUT4
P
O
23
OUT4
O
24
25
26
VDD1.8_OUT[4:5]
REF_TEST
RESET
P
I
I
27
PD
28
EEPROM_SEL
I
29
OUT3
O
30
OUT3
O
31
32
VDD3_OUT[2:3]
OUT2
P
O
33
OUT2
O
34
35
36
37
VDD1.8_OUT[2:3]
STATUS1/SP1
STATUS0/SP0
OUT1
P
I/O
I/O
O
38
OUT1
O
39
40
VDD3_OUT[0:1]
OUT0
P
O
41
OUT0
O
42
43
VDD1.8_OUT[0:1]
ZD_IN
P
I
44
ZD_IN
I
45
46
REF_SEL
PLL1_OUT
I
O
47
LDO_PLL1
P/O
48
EP
VDD3_PLL1
EP, GND
P
GND
1
Description
This pin has an internal 40 kΩ pull-down resistor in SPI mode but is high impedance in I²C mode.
Serial Control Port Bidirectional Serial Data In/Data Out for SPI Mode (SDIO) or I²C Mode (SDA).
Serial Data Output. Use this pin to read data in 4-wire mode (high impedance in 3-wire mode).
There is no internal pull-up/pull-down resistor on this pin.
Complementary Clock Output 5. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential
LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a single-ended CMOS output.
Clock Output 5. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a
single-ended CMOS output.
3.3 V Supply for Output 4 and Output 5 Clock Drivers.
Complementary Clock Output 4. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential
LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a single-ended CMOS output.
Clock Output 4. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a
single-ended CMOS output.
1.8 V Supply for Output 4 and Output 5 Clock Dividers.
Test Input to PLL1 Phase Detector.
Digital Input, Active Low. Resets internal logic to default states. This pin has an internal
40 kΩ pull-up resistor.
Chip Power-Down, Active Low. This pin has an internal 40 kΩ pull-up resistor.
EEPROM Select. Setting this pin high selects the register values stored in the internal EEPROM to
be loaded at reset and/or power-up. Setting this pin low causes the AD9524 to load the hardcoded default register values at power-up/reset. This pin has an internal 40 kΩ pull-down resistor.
Complementary Clock Output 3. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential
LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a single-ended CMOS output.
Square Wave Clocking Output 3. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential
LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a single-ended CMOS output.
3.3 V Supply Output 2 and Supply Output 3 Clock Drivers.
Complementary Clock Output 2. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential
LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a single-ended CMOS output.
Clock Output 2. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a
single-ended CMOS output.
1.8 V Supply for Output 2 and Output 3 Clock Dividers.
Lock Detect and Other Status Signals (STATUS1)/I2C Address (SP1).
Lock Detect and Other Status Signals (STATUS0)/I2C Address (SP0).
Complementary Clock Output 1. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential
LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a single-ended CMOS output.
Clock Output 1. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a
single-ended CMOS output.
3.3 V Supply Output 0 and Supply Output 1 Clock Drivers.
Complementary Clock Output 0. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential
LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a single-ended CMOS output.
Clock Output 0. This pin can be configured as one side of a differential LVPECL/LVDS/HSTL output or as a
single-ended CMOS output.
1.8 V Supply for Output 0 and Output 1 Clock Dividers.
External Zero Delay Clock Input. Along with ZD_IN, this pin is the differential input for the PLL
reference. Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3 V CMOS input.
Complementary External Zero Delay Clock Input. Along with ZD_IN, this pin is the differential input
for the PLL reference. Alternatively, this pin can be programmed as a single-ended 3.3 V CMOS input.
Reference Input Select. This pin has an internal 40 kΩ pull-down resistor.
Single-Ended CMOS Output from PLL1. This pin has settings for weak and strong in
Register 0x1BA, Bit 4 (see Table 53).
1.8 V Internal LDO Regulator Decoupling Pin for PLL1. Connect a 0.47 µF decoupling capacitor
from this pin to ground. Note that, for best performance, the LDO bypass capacitor must be
placed in close proximity to the device.
3.3 V Supply PLL1. Use the same supply as VCXO.
Exposed Paddle. The exposed paddle is the ground connection on the chip. It must be soldered
to the analog ground of the PCB to ensure proper functionality and heat dissipation, noise, and
mechanical strength benefits.
P = power, I = input, O = output, I/O = input/output, P/O = power/output, GND = ground.
Rev. E | Page 14 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
fVCXO = 122.88 MHz, REFA differential at 30.72 MHz, fVCO = 3686.4 MHz, and doubler is off, unless otherwise noted.
60
35
50
30
20pF
25
40
CURRENT (mA)
CURRENT (mA)
HSTL = 16mA
30
HSTL = 8mA
20
10pF
20
2pF
15
10
10
5
0
400
600
800
1000
1200
FREQUENCY (MHz)
0
500
Figure 6. VDD3_OUT[x:y] Current (Typical) vs. Frequency;
CMOS Mode, 20 pF, 10 pF, and 2 pF Load
3.5
45
40
DIFFERENTIAL SWING (V p-p)
3.0
35
LVDS = 7mA
30
25
20
15
LVDS = 3.5mA
10
HSTL = 16mA
2.5
2.0
HSTL = 8mA
1.5
1.0
0.5
5
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
FREQUENCY (MHz)
0
09081-004
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
FREQUENCY (MHz)
09081-007
0
0
Figure 7. Differential Voltage Swing vs. Frequency;
HSTL Mode, 16 mA and 8 mA
Figure 4. VDD3_OUT[x:y] Current (Typical) vs. Frequency;
LVDS Mode, 7 mA and 3.5 mA
1.6
40
1.4
DIFFERENTIAL SWING (V p-p)
45
35
30
25
20
15
10
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
5
0
200
600
400
800
FREQUENCY (MHz)
1000
1200
0
09081-005
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
FREQUENCY (MHz)
Figure 5. VDD3_OUT[x:y] Current (Typical) vs. Frequency, LVPECL Mode
Rev. E | Page 15 of 56
Figure 8. Differential Voltage Swing vs. Frequency,
LVPECL Mode
1200
09081-008
CURRENT (mA)
400
FREQUENCY (MHz)
Figure 3. VDD3_OUT[x:y] Current (Typical) vs. Frequency;
HSTL Mode, 16 mA and 8 mA
CURRENT (mA)
300
200
100
09081-006
200
09081-003
0
0
AD9524
Data Sheet
1.4
–70
LVDS = 7mA
–90
0.8
LVDS = 3.5mA
0.4
–100
–110
–120
–130
3
5
–140
NOISE:
ANALYSIS RANGE X: BAND MARKER
ANALYSIS RANGE Y: BAND MARKER
INTG NOISE: –75.94595dBc/39.99MHz
RMS NOISE: 225.539µRAD
12.9224mdeg
RMS JITTER: 194.746fsec
RESIDUAL FM: 2.81623kHz
–150
0.2
–160
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
FREQUENCY (MHz)
–170
100
09081-009
0
–70
2pF
1
–90
PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)
10pF
2.9
2.7
20pF
2.5
2.3
2.1
–100
–110
–130
–140
–160
200
300
500
400
FREQUENCY (MHz)
100Hz, –89.0260dBc/Hz
1kHz, –116.9949dBc/Hz
8kHz, –129.5198dBc/Hz
16kHz, –133.3916dBc/Hz
100kHz, –137.7680dBc/Hz
1MHz, –148.3519dBc/Hz
10MHz, –158.3307dBc/Hz
40MHz, 159.1629–dBc/Hz
START 12kHz
STOP 80MHz
CENTER 40.006MHz
SPAN 79.988MHz
3
5
NOISE:
ANALYSIS RANGE X: BAND MARKER
ANALYSIS RANGE Y: BAND MARKER
INTG NOISE: –78.8099dBc/39.99MHz
RMS NOISE: 162.189µRAD
9.29276mdeg
RMS JITTER: 210.069fsec
RESIDUAL FM: 2.27638kHz
–170
100
09081-010
100
10M
–120
–150
1.9
0
1M
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
x:
–80
3.1
1k
10k
100k
7
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 10. Amplitude vs. Frequency and Capacitive Load;
CMOS Mode, 2 pF, 10 pF, and 20 pF
Figure 13. Phase Noise, Output = 122.88 MHz
(VCXO = 122.88 MHz, Crystek VCXO CVHD-950; Doubler Is Off)
1
CH1 200mV
2.5ns/DIV
40.0GS/s
A CH1
104mV
09081-013
1
Figure 11. Output Waveform (Differential), LVPECL at 122.88 MHz
CH1 500mV Ω
2.5ns/DIV
40.0GS/s
A CH1
80mV
09081-017
AMPLITUDE (V)
100k
Figure 12. Phase Noise, Output = 184.32 MHz
(VCXO = 122.88 MHz, Crystek VCXO CVHD-950)
3.3
1.7
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 9. Differential Voltage Swing vs. Frequency;
LVDS Mode, 7 mA and 3.5 mA
3.5
1k
7
09081-016
0.6
1
100Hz, –85.0688dBc/Hz
1kHz, –113.3955dBc/Hz
8kHz, –125.8719dBc/Hz
16kHz, –129.5942dBc/Hz
100kHz, –134.5017dBc/Hz
1MHz, –145.2872dBc/Hz
10MHz, –156.2706dBc/Hz
40MHz, –157.4153dBc/Hz
START 12kHz
STOP 80MHz
CENTER 40.006MHz
SPAN 79.988MHz
09081-015
1.0
PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)
DIFFERENTIAL SWING (V p-p)
1.2
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
x:
–80
Figure 14. Output Waveform (Differential), HSTL at 16 mA, 122.88 MHz
Rev. E | Page 16 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
INPUT/OUTPUT TERMINATION RECOMMENDATIONS
100Ω
HIGH
IMPEDANCE DOWNSTREAM
DEVICE
INPUT
HSTL
OUTPUT
0.1µF
100Ω
HIGH
IMPEDANCE DOWNSTREAM
DEVICE
INPUT
0.1µF
Figure 15. AC-Coupled LVDS Output Driver
Figure 19. AC-Coupled HSTL Output Driver
AD9524
AD9524
100Ω
HIGH
IMPEDANCE DOWNSTREAM
DEVICE
INPUT
HSTL
OUTPUT
100Ω
HIGH
IMPEDANCE DOWNSTREAM
DEVICE
INPUT
09081-047
09081-143
LVDS
OUTPUT
0.1µF
09081-046
LVDS
OUTPUT
AD9524
0.1µF
09081-142
AD9524
LVPECLCOMPATIBLE
OUTPUT
0.1µF
0.1µF
100Ω
HIGH
IMPEDANCE DOWNSTREAM
DEVICE
INPUT
0.1µF
AD9524
SELF-BIASED
REF, VCXO,
ZERO DELAY
INPUTS
100Ω
(OPTIONAL1)
09081-044
AD9524
Figure 20. DC-Coupled HSTL Output Driver
0.1µF
09081-048
Figure 16. DC-Coupled LVDS Output Driver
1RESISTOR
VALUE DEPENDS UPON
REQUIRED TERMINATION OF SOURCE.
Figure 17. AC-Coupled LVPECL Output Driver
Figure 21. REF, VCXO, and Zero Delay Input, Differential Mode (When In
CMOS Single-Ended Input Mode, the Unused Input Can Be Left Unconnected)
AD9524
100Ω
HIGH
IMPEDANCE DOWNSTREAM
DEVICE
INPUT
09081-045
LVPECLCOMPATIBLE
OUTPUT
Figure 18. DC-Coupled LVPECL Output Driver
Rev. E | Page 17 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
TERMINOLOGY
Phase Jitter and Phase Noise
An ideal sine wave can be thought of as having a continuous
and even progression of phase with time from 0° to 360° for
each cycle. Actual signals, however, display a certain amount
of variation from ideal phase progression over time. This
phenomenon is called phase jitter. Although many causes can
contribute to phase jitter, one major cause is random noise,
which is characterized statistically as being Gaussian (normal)
in distribution.
This phase jitter leads to a spreading out of the energy of the
sine wave in the frequency domain, producing a continuous
power spectrum. This power spectrum is usually reported as a
series of values whose units are dBc/Hz at a given offset in
frequency from the sine wave (carrier). The value is a ratio
(expressed in decibels) of the power contained within a 1 Hz
bandwidth with respect to the power at the carrier frequency.
For each measurement, the offset from the carrier frequency is
also given.
It is meaningful to integrate the total power contained within
some interval of offset frequencies (for example, 10 kHz to
10 MHz). This is called the integrated phase noise over that
frequency offset interval and can be readily related to the time
jitter due to the phase noise within that offset frequency interval.
Phase noise has a detrimental effect on the performance of ADCs,
DACs, and RF mixers. It lowers the achievable dynamic range of
the converters and mixers, although they are affected in somewhat
different ways.
Time Jitter
Phase noise is a frequency domain phenomenon. In the time
domain, the same effect is exhibited as time jitter. When observing
a sine wave, the time of successive zero crossings varies. In a square
wave, the time jitter is a displacement of the edges from their
ideal (regular) times of occurrence. In both cases, the variations in
timing from the ideal are the time jitter. Because these variations
are random in nature, the time jitter is specified in seconds root
mean square (rms) or 1 sigma (Σ) of the Gaussian distribution.
Time jitter that occurs on a sampling clock for a DAC or an
ADC decreases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic
range of the converter. A sampling clock with the lowest possible
jitter provides the highest performance from a given converter.
Additive Phase Noise
Additive phase noise is the amount of phase noise that can be
attributed to the device or subsystem being measured. The phase
noise of any external oscillators or clock sources is subtracted.
This makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device
impacts the total system phase noise when used in conjunction
with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which
contributes its own phase noise to the total. In many cases, the
phase noise of one element dominates the system phase noise.
When there are multiple contributors to phase noise, the total
is the square root of the sum of squares of the individual
contributors.
Additive Time Jitter
Additive time jitter is the amount of time jitter that can be
attributed to the device or subsystem being measured. The time
jitter of any external oscillators or clock sources is subtracted. This
makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device impacts
the total system time jitter when used in conjunction with the
various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contributes
its own time jitter to the total. In many cases, the time jitter of the
external oscillators and clock sources dominates the system
time jitter.
Rev. E | Page 18 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
THEORY OF OPERATION
DETAILED BLOCK DIAGRAM
VCXO
VDD3_PLL1
LDO_PLL1
LF1_EXT_CAP
OSC_CTRL
PLL1_OUT
OSC_IN
STATUS0/ STATUS1/
SP0
SP1
LF2_EXT_CAP
LDO_VCO
STATUS MONITOR
LOCK DETECT/
SERIAL PORT
ADDRESS
REFA
REFA
SWITCHOVER
CONTROL
REF_SEL
REFB
REFB
REF_TEST
LOCK
DETECT
÷R
RESYNCH
Δt
EDGE
OUT5
OUT5
÷D
Δt
EDGE
OUT4
OUT4
÷D
Δt
EDGE
OUT3
OUT3
÷D
Δt
EDGE
OUT2
OUT2
÷D
Δt
EDGE
OUT1
OUT1
÷D
Δt
EDGE
OUT0
OUT0
÷D
÷D1
LOOP
FILTER
LOCK
DETECT
÷R
P
F
D
SYNC
SIGNAL
VDD1.8_OUT[X:Y] VDD3_OUT[X:Y]
CHARGE
PUMP
×2
÷R
P
F
D
LOOP
FILTER
CHARGE
PUMP
VCO
÷M1
÷N1
÷N2
PLL2
PLL1
SDIO/SDA
CS
RESET
PD
EEPROM_SEL
CONTROL
INTERFACE
(SPI AND I2C)
EEPROM
TO SYNC
AD9524
LDO_PLL2
VDD3_PLL2
NC
SYNC
ZD_IN
ZD_IN
09081-020
SDO
SCLK/SCL
Figure 22. Top Level Diagram
OVERVIEW
The AD9524 is a clock generator that employs integer-N-based
phase-locked loops (PLL). The device architecture consists of
two cascaded PLL stages. The first stage, PLL1, consists of an
integer division PLL that uses an external voltage-controlled
crystal oscillator (VCXO) of up to 250 MHz. PLL1 has a narrowloop bandwidth that provides initial jitter cleanup of the input
reference signal. The second stage, PLL2, is a frequency
multiplying PLL that translates the first stage output frequency
to a range of 3.6 GHz to 4.0 GHz. PLL2 incorporates an integerbased feedback divider that enables integer frequency multiplication. Programmable integer dividers (1 to 1024) follow PLL2,
establishing a final output frequency of 1 GHz or less.
The AD9524 includes reference signal processing blocks that
enable a smooth switching transition between two reference
inputs. This circuitry automatically detects the presence of the
reference input signals. If only one input is present, the device
uses it as the active reference. If both are present, one becomes
the active reference and the other becomes the backup reference.
If the active reference fails, the circuitry automatically switches
to the backup reference (if available), making it the new active
reference. A register setting determines what action to take if the
failed reference is once again available: either stay on Reference B
or revert to Reference A. If neither reference can be used, the
AD9524 supports a holdover mode. A reference select pin
(REF_SEL, Pin 45) is available to manually select which input
reference is active (see Table 43). The accuracy of the holdover
is dependent on the external VCXO frequency stability at half
supply voltage.
Any of the divider settings are programmable via the serial
programming port, enabling a wide range of input/output
frequency ratios under program control. The dividers also
include a programmable delay to adjust timing of the output
signals, if required.
The output is compatible with LVPECL, LVDS, or HSTL logic
levels (see the Input/Output Termination Recommendations
section); however, the AD9524 is implemented only in CMOS.
The loop filters of each PLL are integrated and programmable.
Only a single external capacitor for each of the two PLL loop
filters is required.
The AD9524 operates over the extended industrial temperature
range of −40°C to +85°C.
Rev. E | Page 19 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
COMPONENT BLOCKS—INPUT PLL (PLL1)
PLL1 Loop Filter
PLL1 General Description
The PLL1 loop filter requires the connection of an external
capacitor from LF1_EXT_CAP (Pin 5) to ground. The value of the
external capacitor depends on the use of an external VCXO, as
well as such configuration parameters as input clock rate and
desired bandwidth. Normally, a 0.3 µF capacitor allows the loop
bandwidth to range from 10 Hz to 100 Hz and ensures loop
stability over the intended operating parameters of the device
(see Table 44 for RZERO values).
Fundamentally, the input PLL (referred to as PLL1) consists of
a phase-frequency detector (PFD), charge pump, passive loop
filter, and an external VCXO operating in a closed loop.
PLL1 has the flexibility to operate with a loop bandwidth of
approximately 10 Hz to 100 Hz. This relatively narrow loop
bandwidth gives the AD9524 the ability to suppress jitter that
appears on the input references (REFA and REFB). The output
of PLL1 then becomes a low jitter phase-locked version of the
reference input system clock.
LF1_EXT_CAP
LDO_PLL1
AD9524
PLL1 Reference Clock Inputs
The AD9524 features two separate differential reference clock
inputs, REFA and REFB. These inputs can be configured to
operate in full differential mode or single-ended CMOS mode.
RZERO
CPOLE1
CPOLE2
BUFFER
Table 20. PLL1 Loop Filter Programmable Values
RZERO
(kΩ)
883
677
341
135
10
External
The differential reference input receiver is powered down when
the differential reference input is not selected, or when the PLL
is powered down. The single-ended buffers power-down when
the PLL is powered down, when their respective individual powerdown registers are set, or when the differential receiver is selected.
1
CPOLE1
(nF)
1.5 fixed
RPOLE2
(kΩ)
165 fixed
DIVIDE BY
1, 2, ...1024
P
F
D
RPOLE2
1.8V LDO
OSC_CTRL
VCXO
CPOLE2
DIVIDE BY
1, 2, ...1024
DIVIDE BY
1, 2, ...63
OSC_IN
AD9524
LDO_PLL1
Figure 24. Input PLL (PLL1) Block Diagram
Rev. E | Page 20 of 56
09081-021
VDD3_PLL1
CHARGE
PUMP
7 BITS,
0.5µA LSB
CPOLE1
3.3V CMOS
OR 1.8V
DIFFERENTIAL
REF_TEST
RZERO
SWITCHOVER
CONTROL
DIVIDE BY
1, 2, ...1024
LF1_EXT_CAP1
(µF)
0.3
External loop filter capacitor.
LF1_EXT_CAP
REFB
REFB
CPOLE2
(nF)
0.337 fixed
An external R-C low-pass filter should be used at the OSC_CTRL
output. The values shown in Figure 23 add an additional low-pass
pole at ~530 Hz. This R-C network filters the noise associated with
the OSC_CTRL buffer to achieve the best noise performance at the
1 kHz offset region.
The REFB R divider uses the same value as the REFA R divider
unless Bit 7, the enable REFB R divider independent division
control bit in Register 0x01C, is programmed as shown in Table 43.
REF_SEL
0.3µF
Figure 23. PLL1 Loop Filter
To operate either the REFA or the REFB inputs in 3.3 V CMOS
mode, the user must set Bit 5 or Bit 6, respectively, in Register
0x01A (see Table 41). The single-ended inputs can be driven by
either a dc-coupled CMOS level signal or an ac-coupled sine
wave or square wave.
REFA
REFA
1kΩ
RPOLE2
09081-022
In differential mode, these pins are internally self-biased. If
REFA or REFB is driven single-ended, the unused side (REFA
, REFB) should be decoupled via a suitable capacitor to a quiet
ground. Figure 21 shows the equivalent circuit of REFA or REFB.
It is possible to dc-couple to these inputs, but the dc operation
point should be set as specified in the Specifications tables.
TO VCXO
VTUNE
OSC_CTRL
CHARGE
PUMP
Data Sheet
AD9524
tristates. The device continues operating in this mode until a
reference signal becomes available. Then the device exits holdover
mode, and PLL1 resynchronizes with the active reference. In
addition to tristate, the charge pump can be forced to VCC/2
during holdover (see Table 43, Bit 6 in Register 0x01C).
PLL1 Input Dividers
Each reference input feeds a dedicated reference divider block.
The input dividers provide division of the reference frequency
in integer steps from 1 to 1023. They provide the bulk of the
frequency prescaling that is necessary to reduce the reference
frequency to accommodate the bandwidth that is typically
desired for PLL1.
COMPONENT BLOCKS—OUTPUT PLL (PLL2)
PLL2 General Description
The output PLL (referred to as PLL2) consists of an optional input
reference doubler, phase-frequency detector (PFD), a partially
integrated analog loop filter (see Figure 25), an integrated
voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and a feedback divider.
The VCO produces a nominal 3.8 GHz signal with an output
divider that is capable of division ratios of 4 to 11.
PLL1 Reference Switchover
The reference monitor verifies the presence/absence of the
prescaled REFA and REFB signals (that is, after division by the
input dividers). The status of the reference monitor guides the
activity of the switchover control logic. The AD9524 supports
automatic and manual PLL reference clock switching between
REFA (the REFA and REFA pins) and REFB (the REFB and
REFB pins). This feature supports networking and infrastructure
applications that require redundant references.
The PFD of the output PLL drives a charge pump that increases,
decreases, or holds constant the charge stored on the loop filter
capacitors (both internal and external). The stored charge results
in a voltage that sets the output frequency of the VCO. The
feedback loop of the PLL causes the VCO control voltage to
vary in a way that phase locks the PFD input signals.
There are several configurable modes of reference switchover.
The manual switchover is achieved either via a programming
register setting or by using the REF_SEL pin. The automatic
switchover occurs when REFA disappears and there is a reference
on REFB.
The gain of PLL2 is proportional to the current delivered by the
charge pump. The loop filter bandwidth is chosen to reduce noise
contributions from PLL sources that could degrade phase noise
requirements.
The reference automatic switchover can be set to work as follows:

Nonrevertive: stay on REFB. Switch from REFA to REFB
when REFA disappears, but do not switch back to REFA
if it reappears. If REFB disappears, then go back to REFA.
Revert to REFA. Switch from REFA to REFB when REFA
disappears. Return to REFA from REFB when REFA returns.
The output PLL has a VCO with multiple bands spanning a
range of 3.6 GHz to 4.0 GHz. However, the actual operating
frequency within a particular band depends on the control
voltage that appears on the loop filter capacitor. The control
voltage causes the VCO output frequency to vary linearly within
the selected band. This frequency variability allows the control
loop of the output PLL to synchronize the VCO output signal
with the reference signal applied to the PFD. Typically, the
device automatically selects the appropriate band as part of its
calibration process (invoked via the VCO control register at
Address 0x0F3).
See Table 43 for the PLL1 miscellaneous control register bit
settings.
PLL1 Holdover
In the absence of both input references, the device enters holdover
mode. Holdover is a secondary function that is provided by PLL1.
Because PLL1 has an external VCXO available as a frequency
source, it continues to operate in the absence of the input reference
signals. When the device switches to holdover, the charge pump
LF2_EXT_CAP
PLL1_OUT
VDD3_PLL2
LDO_VCO
LDO_PLL2
AD9524
LDO
LDO
RZERO
PLL_1.8V
DIVIDE BY
1, 2, 4, 8, 16
CPOLE1
PFD
×2
CHARGE PUMP
8 BITS, 3.5µA LSB
CPOLE2
RPOLE2
A/B
COUNTERS
DIVIDE BY
4, 5, 6, ...11
TO DIST/
RESYNC
DIVIDE-BY-4
PRESCALER
N DIVIDER
Figure 25. Output PLL (PLL2) Block Diagram
Rev. E | Page 21 of 56
09081-023

AD9524
Data Sheet
Input 2× Frequency Multiplier
VCO Divider
The 2× frequency multiplier provides the option to double
the frequency at the PLL2 input. This allows the user to take
advantage of a higher frequency at the input to the PLL (PFD)
and, thus, allows for reduced in-band phase noise and greater
separation between the frequency generated by the PLL and the
modulation spur associated with PFD. However, increased
reference spur separation results in harmonic spurs introduced
by the frequency multiplier that increase as the duty cycle deviates
from 50% at the OSC_IN inputs. As such, beneficial use of the
frequency multiplier is application-specific. Typically, a VCXO
with proper interfacing has a duty cycle that is approximately
50% at the OSC_IN inputs. Note that the maximum output
frequency of the 2× frequency multipliers must not exceed the
maximum PFD rate that is specified in Table 12.
The VCO divider provides frequency division between the internal
VCO and the clock distribution. The VCO divider can be set to
divide by 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11.
PLL2 Feedback Divider
PLL2 has a feedback divider (N divider) that enables it to provide
integer frequency up-conversion. The PLL2 N divider is a combination of a prescaler (P) and two counters, A and B. The total
divider value is
N = (P × B) + A
where P = 4.
The feedback divider is a dual modulus prescaler architecture,
with a nonprogrammable P that is equal to 4. The value of the B
counter can be from 4 to 63, and the value of the A counter can
be from 0 to 3. However, due to the architecture of the divider,
there are constraints, as listed in Table 46.
PLL2 Loop Filter
The PLL2 loop filter requires the connection of an external
capacitor from LF2_EXT_CAP (Pin 9) to LDO_VCO (Pin 12),
as illustrated in Figure 25. The value of the external capacitor
depends on the operating mode and the desired phase noise
performance. For example, a loop bandwidth of approximately
500 kHz produces the lowest integrated jitter. A lower bandwidth
produces lower phase noise at 1 MHz but increases the total
integrated jitter.
VCO Calibration
The AD9524 on-chip VCO must be manually calibrated to ensure
proper operation over process and temperature. This is accomplished by setting the calibrate VCO bit (Register 0x0F3, Bit 1)
to 1. (This bit is not self-clearing.) The setting can be performed
as part of the initial setup before executing the IO_Update bit
(Register 0x234, Bit 0 = 1). A readback bit, VCO calibration
in progress (Register 0x22D, Bit 0), indicates when a VCO
calibration is in progress by returning a logic true (that is, Bit 0
= 1). If the EEPROM is in use, setting the calibrate VCO bit
(Register 0x0F3, Bit 1) to 1 before saving the register settings
to the EEPROM ensures that the VCO calibrates automatically
after the EEPROM has loaded. After calibration, it is recommended
that a sync be initiated (for more information, see the Clock
Distribution Synchronization section).
Note that the calibrate VCO bit defaults to 0. This bit must
change from 0 to 1 to initiate a calibration sequence. Therefore,
any subsequent calibrations require the following sequence:
1.
2.
3.
4.
VCO calibration is controlled by a calibration controller that runs
off the VCXO input clock. The calibration requires that PLL2 be
set up properly to lock the PLL2 loop and that the VCXO clock
be present.
During power-up or reset, the distribution section is automatically
held in sync until the first VCO calibration is finished. Therefore,
no outputs can occur until VCO calibration is complete and PLL2
is locked.
Initiate a VCO calibration under the following conditions:
•
Table 21. PLL2 Loop Filter Programmable Values
RZERO
(Ω)
3250
3000
2750
2500
2250
2100
2000
1850
1
CPOLE1
(pF)
48
40
32
24
16
8
0
RPOLE2
(Ω)
900
450
300
225
CPOLE2
(pF)
Fixed at 16
Register 0x0F3, Bit 1 (calibrate VCO bit) = 0
Register 0x234, Bit 0 (IO_Update bit) = 1
Register 0x0F3, Bit 1 (calibrate VCO bit) = 1
Register 0x234, Bit 0 (IO_Update bit) = 1
LF2_EXT_CAP1
(pF)
Typical at 1000
•
External loop filter capacitor.
Rev. E | Page 22 of 56
After changing any of the PLL2 B counter and A counter
settings or after a change in the PLL2 reference clock
frequency. This means that a VCO calibration should be
initiated any time that a PLL2 register or reference clock
changes such that a different VCO frequency is the result.
Whenever system calibration is desired. The VCO is designed
to operate properly over extremes of temperature even when
it is first calibrated at the opposite extreme. However, a VCO
calibration can be initiated at any time, if desired.
Data Sheet
AD9524
CLOCK DISTRIBUTION
The clock distribution block provides an integrated solution for
generating multiple clock outputs based on frequency dividing
the PLL2 VCO divider output. The distribution output consists
of six channels (OUT0 to OUT5). Each of the output channels
has a dedicated divider and output driver, as shown in Figure 25.
The AD9524 also has the capability to route the VCXO output
to two of the outputs (OUT0 and OUT1).
Clock Dividers
The output clock distribution dividers are referred to as D0 to D5,
corresponding to output channels OUT0 through OUT5,
respectively. Each divider is programmable with 10 bits of division
depth that is equal to 1 to 1024. Dividers have duty cycle correction
to always give 50% duty cycle, even for odd divides.
Output Power-Down
Each of the output channels offers independent control of the
power-down functionality via the Channel 0 to Channel 5 control
registers (see Table 52). Each output channel has a dedicated
power-down bit for powering down the output driver. However,
if all six outputs are powered down, the entire distribution output
enters a deep sleep mode. Although each channel has a channel
power-down control signal, it may sometimes be desirable to
power down an output driver while maintaining the divider’s
synchronization with the other channel dividers. This is accomplished by placing the output in tristate mode (this works in
CMOS mode, as well).
If the output channel is ac-coupled to the circuit to be clocked,
changing the mode varies the voltage swing to determine sensitivity to the drive level. For example, in LVDS mode, a current of
3.5 mA causes a 350 mV peak voltage. Likewise, in LVPECL
compatible mode, a current of 8 mA causes an 800 mV peak
voltage at the 100 Ω load resistor. Using any termination other
than those specified in the Input/Output Termination
Recommendations section may results in damage or decrease
end of life performance.
In addition to the four mode bits, each of the six Channel 0 to
Channel 5 control registers includes the following control bits:
•
Invert divider output. Enables the user to choose between
normal polarity and inverted polarity. Normal polarity is the
default state. Inverted polarity reverses the representation of
Logic 0 and Logic 1, regardless of the logic family.
Ignore sync. Makes the divider ignore the SYNC signal
from any source.
Power-down channel. Powers down the entire channel.
Lower power mode.
Driver mode.
Channel divider.
Divider phase.
•
•
•
•
•
•
VDD3_OUT[x:y]
1.25V LVDS
VDD – 1.3V LVPECL
Multimode Output Drivers
The user has independent control of the operating mode of each of
the fourteen output channels via the Channel 0 to Channel 5
control registers (see Table 52). The operating mode control
includes the following:
Logic family and pin functionality
Output drive strength
Output polarity
COMMON-MODE
CIRCUIT
P
N
CM
–
+
100Ω LOAD
N
The four least significant bits (LSBs) of each of the six Channel 0 to
Channel 5 control registers comprise the driver mode bits. The
mode value selects the desired logic family and pin functionality
of an output channel, as listed in Table 52. This driver design
allows a common 100 Ω external resistor for all the different
driver modes of operation that are illustrated in Figure 26.
3.5mA/8mA
LVDS/LVPECL
ENABLED
Figure 26. Multimode Driver
Rev. E | Page 23 of 56
P
50Ω HSTL
ENABLED
08439-031
•
•
•
HSTL
50Ω ENABLED
CM
AD9524
Data Sheet
Clock Distribution Synchronization
As indicated, the primary synchronization signal originates
from one of the following sources:
A block diagram of the clock distribution synchronization
functionality is shown in Figure 27. The synchronization
sequence begins with the primary synchronization signal,
which ultimately results in delivery of a synchronization strobe
to the clock distribution logic.

Direct synchronization source via the sync dividers bit (see
Register 0x232, Bit 0 in Table 56)
Device pin, SYNC (Pin 13)

An automatic synchronization of the divider is initiated the first
time that PLL2 locks after a power-up or reset event. Subsequent
lock/unlock events do not initiate a resynchronization of the
distribution dividers unless they are preceded by a power-down
or reset of the part.
OUTx
DIVIDE
OUT
DIVIDER
PHASE
DRIVER
OUTx
SYNC
VCO OUTPUT DIVIDER
FAN OUT
SYNC (PIN 13)
SYNC
09081-025
SYNC DIVIDERS BIT
Figure 27. Clock Output Synchronization Block Diagram
SYNC
VCO DIVIDER OUTPUT CLOCK
DIVIDE = 2, PHASE = 0
CONTROL
6 × 0.5 PERIODS
Figure 28. Clock Output Synchronization Timing Diagram
Rev. E | Page 24 of 56
08439-026
DIVIDE = 2, PHASE = 6
Data Sheet
AD9524
The synchronization event is the clearing operation (that is, the
Logic 1 to Logic 0 transition of the bit). The dividers are all
automatically synchronized to each other when PLL2 is ready.
The dividers support programmable phase offsets from 0 to 63
steps, in half periods of the input clock (for example, the VCO
divider output clock). The phase offsets are incorporated in the
dividers through a preset for the first output clock period of each
divider. Phase offsets are supported only by programming the
initial phase and divide value and then issuing a sync to the
distribution (automatically at startup or manually, if desired).
through a mux. PLL1 synchronizes the phase/edge of the output
of Channel Divider 0 with the phase/edge of the reference input.
Because the channel dividers are synchronized to each other,
the outputs of the channel divider are synchronous with the
reference input.
ZD_IN
All outputs that are not programmed to ignore the sync are
disabled temporarily while the sync is active. Note that, if an
output is used for the zero delay path, it also disappears
momentarily. However, this is desirable because it ensures that
all the synchronized outputs have a deterministic phase relationship with respect to the zero delay output and, therefore, also
with respect to the input.
ZERO DELAY OPERATION
Zero delay operation aligns the phase of the output clocks with
the phase of the external PLL reference input. The OUT0 output
is designed to be used as the output for zero delay. There are
two zero delay modes on the AD9524: internal and external (see
Figure 29). Note that the external delay mode provides better
matching than the internal delay mode because the output
drivers are included in the zero delay path. Setting the anitbacklash
pulse width control of PLL1 to maximum gives the best zero
delay matching.
Internal Zero Delay Mode
The internal zero delay function of the AD9524 is achieved
by feeding the output of Channel Divider 0 back to the PLL1
N divider. Bit 5 in Register 0x01B is used to select internal zero
delay mode (see Table 42). In the internal zero delay mode, the
output of Channel Divider 0 is routed back to the PLL1 (N divider)
OUT0
OUT0
ENB
FEEDBACK
DELAY
INTERNAL FB
REFA
REFA
When using the SYNC pin (Pin 17), there are 11 VCO divider
output pipe line delays plus one period of the clock from the
rising edge of SYNC to the clock output. There is at least one
extra VCO divider period of uncertainty because the SYNC
signal and the VCO divider output are asynchronous.
In normal operation, the phase offsets are already programmed
through the EEPROM or the SPI/I2C port before the AD9524
starts to provide outputs. Although the user cannot adjust the
phase offsets while the dividers are operating, it is possible to
adjust the phase of all the outputs together without powering
down PLL1 and PLL2. This is accomplished by programming
the new phase offset, using Bits[7:2] in Register 0x198 (see
Table 52) and then issuing a divide sync signal by using
the SYNC pin or the sync dividers bit (Register 0x232, Bit 0).
ZD_IN
PFD
REF
DELAY
AD9523
09081-027
Both sources of the primary synchronization signal are logic OR’d;
therefore, any one of them can synchronize the clock distribution
output at any time. When using the sync dividers bit, the user
first sets and then clears the bit.
Figure 29. Zero Delay Function
External Zero Delay Mode
The external zero delay function of the AD9524 is achieved by
feeding OUT0 back to the ZD_IN input and, ultimately, back to
the PLL1 N divider. In Figure 29, the change in signal routing
for external zero delay is external to the AD9524.
Bit 5 in Register 0x01B is used to select the external zero delay
mode. In external zero delay mode, OUT0 must be routed back
to PLL1 (the N divider) through the ZD_IN and ZD_IN pins.
PLL1 synchronizes the phase/edge of the feedback output clock
with the phase/edge of the reference input. Because the channel
dividers are synchronized to each other, the clock outputs are
synchronous with the reference input. Both the reference path
delay and the feedback delay from ZD_IN are designed to have
the same propagation delay from the output drivers and PLL
components to minimize the phase offset between the clock
output and the reference input to achieve zero delay.
LOCK DETECT
PLL1 and PLL2 lock detectors issue an unlock condition when
the frequency error is greater than the threshold of the lock
detector. When the PLL is unlocked, there is a random phase
between the reference clock and feedback clock. Due to the
random phase relationship that exists the unlock condition
could take between 215 × TPFD cycles to 1 × TPFD cycles. For a
lock condition it will always take 216 × TPFD to lock, but it could
potentially take 231 × TPFD cycles depending on how big the
phase jump is and when it occurs in relation to the lock detect
restart.
Rev. E | Page 25 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
RESET MODES
The AD9524 has a power-on reset (POR) and several other ways to
apply a reset condition to the chip.
Power-On Reset
During chip power-up, a power-on reset pulse is issued when
3.3 V supply reaches ~2.6 V (<2.8 V) and restores the chip
either to the setting stored in EEPROM (EEPROM pin = 1) or
to the on-chip setting (EEPROM pin = 0). At power-on, the
AD9524 executes a SYNC operation, which brings the outputs
into phase alignment according to the default settings. The
output drivers are held in sync for the duration of the internally
generated power-up sync timer (~70 ms). The outputs begin to
toggle after this period.
Reset via the RESET Pin
RESET, a reset (an asynchronous hard reset is executed by briefly
pulling RESET low), restores the chip either to the setting stored in
EEPROM (EEPROM pin = 1) or to the on-chip setting (EEPROM
pin = 0). A reset also executes a sync operation, which brings the
outputs into phase alignment according to the default settings.
When EEPROM is inactive (EEPROM pin = 0), it takes ~2 µs for
the outputs to begin toggling after RESET is issued. When
EEPROM is active (EEPROM pin = 1), it takes ~40 ms for the
outputs to toggle after RESET is brought high.
stored in EEPROM (EEPROM pin = 1) or to the on-chip -setting
(EEPROM pin = 0), except for Register 0x000. Except for the selfclearing bits, Bit 2 and Bit 5, Register 0x000 retains its previous value
prior to reset. During the internal reset, the outputs hold static. Bit 2
and Bit 5 are self-clearing. However, the self-clearing operation does
not complete until an additional serial port SCLK cycle completes,
and the AD9524 is held in reset until Bit 2 and Bit 5 self clear.
Reset to Settings in EEPROM when EEPROM Pin = 0 via the
Serial Port
The serial port control register allows the chip to be reset to settings
in EEPROM when the EEPROM pin = 1 via Register 0xB02, Bit 1.
This bit is self-clearing. This bit does not have any effect when the
EEPROM pin = 0. It takes ~40 ms for the outputs to begin toggling
after the Soft_EEPROM register is cleared.
POWER-DOWN MODE
Chip Power-Down via PD
Place the AD9524 into a power-down mode by pulling the PD pin
low. Power-down turns off most of the functions and currents
inside the AD9524. The chip remains in this power-down state
until PD is returned to a logic high state. When taken out of powerdown mode, the AD9524 returns to the settings programmed into
its registers prior to the power-down, unless the registers are
changed by new programming while the PD pin is held low.
Reset via the Serial Port
The serial port control register allows for a reset by setting Bit 2
and Bit 5 in Register 0x000. When Bit 5 and Bit 2 are set, the
chip enters a reset mode and restores the chip either to the setting
Rev. E | Page 26 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
SERIAL CONTROL PORT
SPI/I²C PORT SELECTION
The AD9524 has two serial interfaces, SPI and I2C. Users can select
either the SPI or I2C, depending on the states (logic high, logic low)
of the two logic level input pins, SP1 and SP0, when power is
applied or after a RESET (each pin has an internal 40 kΩ pulldown resistor). When both SP1 and SP0 are low, the SPI interface
is active. Otherwise, I2C is active with three different I2C slave
address settings (seven bits wide), as shown in Table 22. The
five MSBs of the slave address are hardware coded as 11000, and
the two LSBs are determined by the logic levels of the SP1 and
SP0 pins.
I2C Bus Characteristics
Table 23. I2C Bus Definitions
Abbreviation
S
Sr
P
A
A
W
R
One pulse on the SCL clock line is generated for each data bit
that is transferred.
The data on the SDA line must not change during the high period
of the clock. The state of the data line can change only when the
clock on the SCL line is low.
DATA LINE
STABLE;
DATA VALID
SCL
Figure 30. Valid Bit Transfer
A start condition is a transition from high to low on the SDA
line while SCL is high. The start condition is always generated
by the master to initialize the data transfer.
Address
SPI
I2C: 1100000
I2C: 1100001
I2C: 1100010
A stop condition is a transition from low to high on the SDA
line while SCL is high. The stop condition is always generated
by the master to end the data transfer.
I²C SERIAL PORT OPERATION
The AD9524 I2C port is based on the I2C fast mode standard.
The AD9524 supports both I2C protocols: standard mode
(100 kHz) and fast mode (400 kHz).
The AD9524 I2C port has a 2-wire interface consisting of a serial
data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). In an I2C bus system,
the AD9524 is connected to the serial bus (data bus SDA and clock
bus SCL) as a slave device, meaning that no clock is generated by
the AD9524. The AD9524 uses direct 16-bit (two bytes) memory
addressing instead of traditional 8-bit (one byte) memory
addressing.
SDA
SCL
S
P
START
CONDITION
STOP
CONDITION
09081-161
SP0
Low
High
Low
High
CHANGE
OF DATA
ALLOWED
SDA
Table 22. Serial Port Mode Selection
SP1
Low
Low
High
High
Definition
Start
Repeated start
Stop
Acknowledge
No acknowledge
Write
Read
09081-160
The AD9524 serial control port is a flexible, synchronous serial
communications port that allows an easy interface with many
industry-standard microcontrollers and microprocessors. The
AD9524 serial control port is compatible with most synchronous
transfer formats, including Philips I2C®, Motorola® SPI, and
Intel® SSR protocols. The AD9524 I2C implementation deviates
from the classic I2C specification in two specifications, and
these deviations are documented in Table 16 of this data sheet.
The serial control port allows read/write access to all registers
that configure the AD9524.
Figure 31. Start and Stop Conditions
A byte on the SDA line is always eight bits long. An acknowledge
bit must follow every byte. Bytes are sent MSB first.
Rev. E | Page 27 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
MSB
ACKNOWLEDGE FROM
SLAVE-RECEIVER
1
SCL
2
3 TO 7
8
9
1
ACKNOWLEDGE FROM
SLAVE-RECEIVER
2
3 TO 7
8
9
S
10
P
09081-162
SDA
Figure 32. Acknowledge Bit
MSB = 0
1
SCL
2
3 TO 7
8
9
1
ACKNOWLEDGE FROM
SLAVE-RECEIVER
2
3 TO 7
8
9
S
10
P
09081-163
ACKNOWLEDGE FROM
SLAVE-RECEIVER
10
P
09081-164
SDA
Figure 33. Data Transfer Process (Master Write Mode, 2-Byte Transfer Used for Illustration)
MSB = 1
SDA
ACKNOWLEDGE FROM
MASTER-RECEIVER
1
SCL
2
3 TO 7
8
9
1
NO ACKNOWLEDGE
FROM
SLAVE-RECEIVER
2
3 TO 7
8
S
9
Figure 34. Data Transfer Process (Master Read Mode, 2-Byte Transfer Used for Illustration)
The acknowledge bit is the ninth bit attached to any 8-bit data byte.
An acknowledge bit is always generated by the receiving device
(receiver) to inform the transmitter that the byte has been received.
It is accomplished by pulling the SDA line low during the ninth
clock pulse after each 8-bit data byte.
The no acknowledge bit is the ninth bit attached to any 8-bit data
byte. A no acknowledge bit is always generated by the receiving
device (receiver) to inform the transmitter that the byte has not
been received. It is accomplished by leaving the SDA line high
during the ninth clock pulse after each 8-bit data byte.
Data Transfer Process
The master initiates data transfer by asserting a start condition.
This indicates that a data stream follows. All I2C slave devices
connected to the serial bus respond to the start condition.
The master then sends an 8-bit address byte over the SDA line,
consisting of a 7-bit slave address (MSB first), plus an R/W bit.
This bit determines the direction of the data transfer, that is,
whether data is written to or read from the slave device
(0 = write, 1 = read).
The peripheral whose address corresponds to the transmitted
address responds by sending an acknowledge bit. All other
devices on the bus remain idle while the selected device waits
for data to be read from or written to it. If the R/W bit is 0, the
master (transmitter) writes to the slave device (receiver). If the R/W
bit is 1, the master (receiver) reads from the slave device (transmitter). The format for these commands is described in the
Data Transfer Format section.
Data is then sent over the serial bus in the format of nine clock
pulses: one data byte (eight bits) from either master (write mode)
or slave (read mode), followed by an acknowledge bit from the
receiving device. The number of bytes that can be transmitted per
transfer is unrestricted. In write mode, the first two data bytes
immediately after the slave address byte are the internal memory
(control registers) address bytes with the high address byte first.
This addressing scheme gives a memory address of up to 216 − 1 =
65,535. The data bytes after these two memory address bytes are
register data written into the control registers. In read mode, the
data bytes after the slave address byte are register data read from
the control registers. A single I2C transfer can contain multiple data
bytes that can be read from or written to control registers whose
address is automatically incremented starting from the base
memory address.
When all data bytes are read or written, stop conditions are
established. In write mode, the master (transmitter) asserts a stop
condition to end data transfer during the 10th clock pulse following
the acknowledge bit for the last data byte from the slave device
(receiver). In read mode, the master device (receiver) receives the
last data byte from the slave device (transmitter) but does not pull
it low during the ninth clock pulse. This is known as a no acknowledge bit. Upon receiving the no acknowledge bit, the slave device
knows that the data transfer is finished and releases the SDA line.
The master then takes the data line low during the low period
before the 10th clock pulse and high during the 10th clock pulse
to assert a stop condition.
A repeated start (Sr) condition can be used in place of a stop
condition. Furthermore, a start or stop condition can occur at
any time, and partially transferred bytes are discarded.
For an I2C data write transfer containing multiple data bytes,
the peripheral drives a no acknowledge for the data byte that
follows a write to Register 0x234, thereby ending the I2C transfer.
For an I2C data read transfer containing multiple data bytes,
the peripheral drives data bytes of 0x00 for subsequent reads that
follow a read from Register 0x234.
Rev. E | Page 28 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Data Transfer Format
Send byte format. The send byte protocol is used to set up the register address for subsequent commands.
S
Slave Address
W
A
RAM Address High Byte
A
RAM Address Low Byte
A
P
A
P
A
P
A
P
Write byte format. The write byte protocol is used to write a register address to the RAM, starting from the specified RAM address.
S
Slave Address
W
A
RAM Address
High Byte
A
RAM Address
Low Byte
A
RAM
Data 0
RAM
Data 1
A
RAM
Data 2
A
Receive byte format. The receive byte protocol is used to read the data byte(s) from the RAM, starting from the current address.
S
Slave Address
R
A
RAM Data 0
A
RAM Data 1
A
RAM Data 2
Read byte format. The combined format of the send byte and the receive byte.
S
Slave
Address
W
RAM Address
High Byte
A
A
RAM Address
Low Byte
A
Sr
Slave
Address
R
A
RAM
Data 0
RAM
Data 1
A
A
RAM
Data 2
I²C Serial Port Timing
SDA
tSET; DAT
tFALL
tLOW
tFALL
tHLD; STR
tRISE
tSPIKE
tRISE
tIDLE
tHLD; STR
S
tHIGH
tHLD; DAT
tSET; STP
tSET; STR
Sr
Figure 35. I²C Serial Port Timing
Table 24. I2C Timing Definitions
Parameter
fI2C
tIDLE
tHLD; STR
tSET; STR
tSET; STP
tHLD; DAT
tSET; DAT
tLOW
tHIGH
tRISE
tFALL
tSPIKE
Description
I²C clock frequency
Bus idle time between stop and start conditions
Hold time for repeated start condition
Setup time for repeated start condition
Setup time for stop condition
Hold time for data
Setup time for data
Duration of SCL clock low
Duration of SCL clock high
SCL/SDA rise time
SCL/SDA fall time
Voltage spike pulse width that must be suppressed by the input filter
Rev. E | Page 29 of 56
P
S
09081-165
SCL
AD9524
Data Sheet
SPI SERIAL PORT OPERATION
First Transfers section). CS must be raised at the end of the last
byte to be transferred, thereby ending streaming mode.
Pin Descriptions
SCLK (serial clock) is the serial shift clock. This pin is an input.
SCLK is used to synchronize serial control port reads and writes.
Write data bits are registered on the rising edge of this clock,
and read data bits are registered on the falling edge. This pin
is internally pulled down by a 40 kΩ resistor to ground.
SDIO (serial data input/output) is a dual-purpose pin and acts
either as an input only (unidirectional mode) or as an input/
output (bidirectional mode). The AD9524 defaults to the
bidirectional I/O mode.
SDO (serial data out) is used only in the unidirectional I/O mode
as a separate output pin for reading back data. CS (chip select bar)
is an active low control that gates the read and write cycles.
When CS is high, the SDO and SDIO pins enter a high
impedance state. This pin is internally pulled up by a 40 kΩ
resistor to VDD3_REF.
CS
SDIO/SDA
SDO
AD9524
SERIAL
CONTROL
PORT
09081-034
SCLK/SCL
Figure 36. Serial Control Port
SPI Mode Operation
In SPI mode, single or multiple byte transfers are supported,
as well as MSB first or LSB first transfer formats. The AD9524
serial control port can be configured for a single bidirectional
I/O pin (SDIO only) or for two unidirectional I/O pins (SDIO/
SDO). By default, the AD9524 is in bidirectional mode. Short
instruction mode (8-bit instructions) is not supported. Only
long (16-bit) instruction mode is supported. A write or a read
operation to the AD9524 is initiated by pulling CS low.
The CS stalled high mode is supported in data transfers where
three or fewer bytes of data (plus instruction data) are transferred
(see Table 25). In this mode, the CS pin can temporarily return
high on any byte boundary, allowing time for the system controller
to process the next byte. CS can go high only on byte boundaries;
however, it can go high during either phase (instruction or data)
of the transfer.
During this period, the serial control port state machine enters
a wait state until all data is sent. If the system controller decides
to abort the transfer before all of the data is sent, the state machine
must be reset either by completing the remaining transfers or by
returning CS low for at least one complete SCLK cycle (but
fewer than eight SCLK cycles). Raising the CS pin on a nonbyte
boundary terminates the serial transfer and flushes the buffer.
In streaming mode (see Table 25), any number of data bytes can
be transferred in a continuous stream. The register address is
automatically incremented or decremented (see the SPI MSB/LSB
Communication Cycle—Instruction Plus Data
There are two parts to a communication cycle with the AD9524.
The first part writes a 16-bit instruction word into the AD9524,
coincident with the first 16 SCLK rising edges. The instruction
word provides the AD9524 serial control port with information
regarding the data transfer, which is the second part of the
communication cycle. The instruction word defines whether
the upcoming data transfer is a read or a write, the number of
bytes in the data transfer, and the starting register address for
the first byte of the data transfer.
Write
If the instruction word is for a write operation, the second part
is the transfer of data into the serial control port buffer of the
AD9524. Data bits are registered on the rising edge of SCLK.
The length of the transfer (one, two, or three bytes or streaming
mode) is indicated by two bits (W1, W0) in the instruction byte.
When the transfer is one, two, or three bytes, but not streaming, CS
can be raised after each sequence of eight bits to stall the bus
(except after the last byte, where it ends the cycle). When the bus
is stalled, the serial transfer resumes when CS is lowered. Raising
the CS pin on a nonbyte boundary resets the serial control port.
During a write, streaming mode does not skip over reserved or
blank registers, and the user can write 0x00 to the reserved
register addresses.
Because data is written into a serial control port buffer area, and
not directly into the actual control registers of the AD9524, an
additional operation is needed to transfer the serial control port
buffer contents to the actual control registers of the AD9524,
thereby causing them to become active. The update registers
operation consists of setting the self-clearing IO_Update bit,
Bit 0 of Register 0x234 (see Table 58). Any number of data bytes
can be changed before executing an update registers operation.
The update registers simultaneously actuates all register changes
that have been written to the buffer since any previous update.
Read
The AD9524 supports only the long instruction mode. If the
instruction word is for a read operation, the next N × 8 SCLK
cycles clock out the data from the address specified in the
instruction word, where N is 1 to 3 as determined by Bits[W1:W0].
If N = 4, the read operation is in streaming mode, continuing
until CS is raised. During an SPI read, serial data on SDIO (or
SDO in the case of 4-wire mode) transitions on the SCLK falling
edge, and is normally sampled on the SCLK rising edge. To read
the last bit correctly, the SPI host must be able to tolerate a zero
hold time. In cases where zero hold time is not possible, the user
can either use streaming mode and delay the rising edge of CS, or
sample the serial data on the SCLK falling edge. However, to
sample the data correctly on the SCLK falling edge, the user must
ensure that the setup time is greater than tDV (time data valid).
Streaming mode does not skip over reserved or blank registers.
Rev. E | Page 30 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Bit 3. This makes it irrelevant whether LSB first or MSB first is
in effect. The default for the AD9524 is MSB first.
The default mode of the AD9524 serial control port is the
bidirectional mode. In bidirectional mode, both the sent data
and the readback data appear on the SDIO pin. It is also possible to
set the AD9524 to unidirectional mode. In unidirectional mode,
the readback data appears on the SDO pin.
When LSB first is set by Register 0x000, Bit 1 and Register 0x000,
Bit 6, it takes effect immediately because it affects only the
operation of the serial control port and does not require that
an update be executed.
A readback request reads the data that is in the serial control port
buffer area or the data that is in the active registers (see Figure 37).
When MSB first mode is active, the instruction and data bytes
must be written from MSB to LSB. Multibyte data transfers in
MSB first format start with an instruction byte that includes the
register address of the most significant data byte. Subsequent
data bytes must follow in order from the high address to the
low address. In MSB first mode, the serial control port internal
address generator decrements for each data byte of the multibyte
transfer cycle.
CS
SDIO/SDA
SERIAL
CONTROL
PORT
UPDATE
REGISTERS
SDO
ACTIVE
REGISTERS
BUFFER
REGISTERS
09081-035
SCLK/SCL
Figure 37. Relationship Between Serial Control Port Buffer Registers and
Active Registers
When LSB first mode is active, the instruction and data bytes
must be written from LSB to MSB. Multibyte data transfers in
LSB first format start with an instruction byte that includes the
register address of the least significant data byte, followed by
multiple data bytes. In a multibyte transfer cycle, the internal
byte address generator of the serial port increments for each byte.
SPI INSTRUCTION WORD (16 BITS)
The MSB of the instruction word is R/W, which indicates
whether the instruction is a read or a write. The next two bits
([W1:W0]) indicate the length of the transfer in bytes. The final
13 bits are the address ([A12:A0]) at which to begin the read or
write operation.
The AD9524 serial control port register address decrements
from the register address just written toward 0x000 for multibyte
I/O operations if the MSB first mode is active (default). If the
LSB first mode is active, the register address of the serial control
port increments from the address just written toward 0x234 for
multibyte I/O operations. Unused addresses are not skipped for
these operations.
For a write, the instruction word is followed by the number of
bytes of data indicated by Bits[W1:W0] (see Table 25).
Table 25. Byte Transfer Count
W1
0
0
1
1
W0
0
1
0
1
Bytes to Transfer
1
2
3
Streaming mode
For multibyte accesses that cross Address 0x234 or Address 0x000
in MSB first mode, the SPI internally disables writes to subsequent
registers and returns zeros for reads to subsequent registers.
Streaming mode always terminates when crossing address
boundaries (as shown in Table 26).
Bits[A12:A0] select the address within the register map that is
written to or read from during the data transfer portion of the
communications cycle. Only Bits[A11:A0] are needed to cover
the range of the 0x234 registers used by the AD9524. Bit A12
must always be 0. For multibyte transfers, this address is the
starting byte address. In MSB first mode, subsequent bytes
decrement the address.
Table 26. Streaming Mode (No Addresses Are Skipped)
Write Mode
MSB First
Address Direction
Decrement
Stop Sequence
…, 0x001, 0x000, stop
SPI MSB/LSB FIRST TRANSFERS
The AD9524 instruction word and byte data can be MSB first
or LSB first. Any data written to Register 0x000 must be mirrored:
Bit 7 is mirrored to Bit 0, Bit 6 to Bit 1, Bit 5 to Bit 2, and Bit 4 to
Table 27. Serial Control Port, 16-Bit Instruction Word, MSB First
MSB
I15
LSB
I14
I13
I12
I11
I10
I9
I8
I7
I6
I5
I4
I3
I2
I1
I0
R/W
W1
W0
A12 = 0
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
Rev. E | Page 31 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
tHIGH
tDH
SCLK
DON'T CARE
SDIO
DON'T CARE
R/W
W1
tC
tSCLK
tLOW
CS
W0
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HIGH-IMEPDANCE
09081-138
tDS
tS
Figure 38. Serial Control Port Read—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, One Byte of Data
CS
SCLK DON'T CARE
R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8
A7
A6 A5
A4 A3 A2
A1 A0
D7 D6 D5
16-BIT INSTRUCTION HEADER
D4 D3
D2 D1
D0
D7
REGISTER (N) DATA
D6 D5
D4 D3 D2
D1 D0
DON'T CARE
REGISTER (N – 1) DATA
09081-038
SDIO DON'T CARE
DON'T CARE
Figure 39. Serial Control Port Write—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Two Bytes of Data
CS
SCLK
DON'T CARE
DON'T CARE
R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
SDO DON'T CARE
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
16-BIT INSTRUCTION HEADER
REGISTER (N) DATA
REGISTER (N – 1) DATA
REGISTER (N – 2) DATA
REGISTER (N – 3) DATA
DON'T
CARE
09081-039
SDIO
Figure 40. Serial Control Port Read—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Four Bytes of Data
tHIGH
tDS
tS
tDH
CS
DON'T CARE
SDIO
DON'T CARE
DON'T CARE
R/W
W1
W0
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
DON'T CARE
09081-040
SCLK
tC
tCLK
tLOW
Figure 41. Serial Control Port Write—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Timing Measurements
CS
SCLK
DATA BIT N
09081-041
tDV
SDIO
SDO
DATA BIT N – 1
Figure 42. Timing Diagram for Serial Control Port Register Read
CS
SCLK DON'T CARE
A0 A1 A2 A3
A4
A5 A6 A7
A8
A9 A10 A11 A12 W0 W1 R/W D0 D1 D2 D3 D4
16-BIT INSTRUCTION HEADER
D5 D6
REGISTER (N) DATA
D7
D0
D1 D2
D3 D4 D5
REGISTER (N + 1) DATA
Figure 43. Serial Control Port Write—LSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Two Bytes of Data
Rev. E | Page 32 of 56
D6
D7
DON'T CARE
09081-042
SDIO DON'T CARE
DON'T CARE
Data Sheet
AD9524
tS
tC
CS
tCLK
tHIGH
tLOW
tDS
SCLK
SDIO
BIT N
BIT N + 1
09081-043
tDH
Figure 44. Serial Control Port Timing—Write
Table 28. Serial Control Port Timing
Parameter
tDS
tDH
tCLK
tS
tC
tHIGH
tLOW
tDV
Description
Setup time between data and rising edge of SCLK
Hold time between data and rising edge of SCLK
Period of the clock
Setup time between the CS falling edge and SCLK rising edge (start of communication cycle)
Setup time between the SCLK rising edge and CS rising edge (end of communication cycle)
Minimum period that SCLK should be in a logic high state
Minimum period that SCLK should be in a logic low state
SCLK to valid SDIO and SDO (see Figure 42)
Rev. E | Page 33 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
EEPROM OPERATIONS
The AD9524 contains an internal EEPROM (nonvolatile memory).
The EEPROM can be programmed by the user to create and store a
user defined register setting file when the power is off. This setting
file can be used for power-up and chip reset as a default setting. The
EEPROM size is 512 bytes. Descriptions of the EEPROM registers
that control EEPROM operation can be found in Table 59 and
Table 60.
4.
5.
During the data transfer process, the write and read registers are
generally not available via the serial port, except for one readback
bit: Status_EEPROM (Register 0xB00, Bit 0).
To determine the data transfer state through the serial port in
SPI mode, users can read the value of the Status_EEPROM bit
(1 = data transfer in process and 0 = data transfer complete).
In I²C mode, the user can address the AD9524 slave port with
the external I²C master (send an address byte to the AD9524). If
the AD9524 responds with a no acknowledge bit, the data transfer
was not received. If the AD9524 responds with an acknowledge bit,
the data transfer process is complete. The user can monitor the
Status_EEPROM bit or use Register 0x232, Bit 4 to program
the STATUS0 pin to monitor the status of the data transfer (see
Table 56).
To transfer all 512 bytes to the EEPROM, it takes approximately
46 ms. To transfer the contents of the EEPROM to the active
register, it takes approximately 40 ms.
RESET, a hard reset (an asynchronous hard reset is executed by
briefly pulling RESET low), restores the chip either to the setting
stored in EEPROM (the EEPROM pin = 1) or to the on-chip
setting (the EEPROM pin = 0). A hard reset also executes a SYNC
operation, which brings the outputs into phase alignment
according to the default settings. When EEPROM is inactive (the
EEPROM pin = 0), it takes ~2 µs for the outputs to begin
toggling after RESET is issued. When EEPROM is active (the
EEPROM pin = 1), it takes ~40 ms for the outputs to toggle
after RESET is brought high.
6.
To ensure that the data transfer has completed correctly, verify
that the EEPROM data error bit (Bit 0 in Register 0xB01) = 0.
A value of 1 in this bit indicates a data transfer error.
READING FROM THE EEPROM
The following reset-related events can start the process of
restoring the settings stored in the EEPROM to the control
registers. When the EEPROM_SEL pin is set high, do any of
the following to initiate an EEPROM read:
WRITING TO THE EEPROM
•
•
The EEPROM cannot be programmed directly through the serial
port interface. To program the EEPROM and store a register
setting file, follow these steps:
•
1.
2.
3.
Program the AD9524 registers to the desired circuit state.
If the user wants PLL2 to lock automatically after power-up,
the calibrate VCO bit (Bit 1, Register 0x0F3) must be set to 1.
This allows VCO calibration to start automatically after
register loading. Note that a valid input reference signal
must be present during VCO calibration.
Set the IO_Update bit (Bit 0, Register 0x234) to 1.
Program the EEPROM buffer registers, if necessary (see
the Programming the EEPROM Buffer Segment section).
This step is necessary only if users want to use the EEPROM
to control the default settings of some (but not all) of the
AD9524 registers, or if they want to control the register
setting update sequence during power-up or chip reset.
Set the enable EEPROM write bit (Bit 0, Register 0xB02)
to 1 to enable the EEPROM.
Set the REG2EEPROM bit (Bit 0, Register 0xB03) to 1. This
starts the process of writing data into the EEPROM to create
the EEPROM setting file. This enables the EEPROM
controller to transfer the current register values, as well as the
memory address and instruction bytes from the EEPROM
buffer segment, into the EEPROM. After the write process
is completed, the internal controller sets bit REG2EEPROM
back to 0.
Bit 0 of the Status_EEPROM register (Register 0xB00) is used
to indicate the data transfer status between the EEPROM and
the control registers (1 = data transfer in process, and 0 = data
transfer complete). At the beginning of the data transfer, the
Status_EEPROM bit is set to 1 by the EEPROM controller and
cleared to 0 at the end of the data transfer. The user can access
Status_EEPROM via the STATUS0 pin when the STATUS0
pin is programmed to monitor the Status_EEPROM bit.
Alternatively, the user can monitor the Status_EEPROM bit
directly.
When the data transfer is complete (Status_EEPROM = 0),
set the enable EEPROM write bit (Bit 0 in Register 0xB02)
to 0. Clearing the enable EEPROM write bit to 0 disables
writing to the EEPROM.
Power up the AD9524.
Perform a hardware chip reset by pulling the RESET pin
low and then releasing RESET.
Set the self-clearing soft reset bit (Bit 5, Register 0x000) to 1.
When the EEPROM_SEL pin is set low, set the self-clearing
Soft_EEPROM bit (Bit 1, Register 0xB02) to 1. The AD9524 then
starts to read the EEPROM and loads the values into the AD9524
registers. If the EEPROM_SEL pin is low during reset or power-up,
the EEPROM is not active, and the AD9524 default values are
loaded instead.
When using the EEPROM to automatically load the AD9524
register values and lock the PLL, the calibrate VCO bit (Bit 1,
Register 0x0F3) must be set to 1 when the register values are
written to the EEPROM. This allows VCO calibration to start
automatically after register loading. A valid input reference
signal must be present during VCO calibration.
Rev. E | Page 34 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
To ensure that the data transfer has completed correctly, verify
that the EEPROM data error bit (Bit 0 in Register 0xB01) is set
to 0. A value of 1 in this bit indicates a data transfer error.
The next two bytes are the high byte and low byte of the
memory address (16 bits) of the first register in this group.
PROGRAMMING THE EEPROM BUFFER SEGMENT
The EEPROM controller uses this operational code to generate
an IO_Update signal to update the active control register bank
from the buffer register bank during the download process.
The EEPROM buffer segment is a register space that allows the
user to specify which groups of registers are stored to the EEPROM
during EEPROM programming. Normally, this segment does not
need to be programmed by the user. Instead, the default power-up
values for the EEPROM buffer segment allow the user to store
all of the register values from Register 0x000 to Register 0x234
to the EEPROM.
For example, if the user wants to load only the output driver
settings from the EEPROM without disturbing the PLL register
settings currently stored in the EEPROM, the EEPROM buffer
segment can be modified to include only the registers that apply
to the output drivers and exclude the registers that apply to the
PLL configuration.
There are two parts to the EEPROM buffer segment: register
section definition groups and operational codes. Each register
section definition group contains the starting address and
number of bytes to be written to the EEPROM.
If the AD9524 register map were continuous from Address 0x000
to Address 0x234, only one register section definition group
would consist of a starting address of 0x000 and a length of
563 bytes. However, this is not the case. The AD9524 register
map is noncontiguous, and the EEPROM is only 512 bytes long.
Therefore, the register section definition group tells the EEPROM
controller how the AD9524 register map is segmented.
There are three operational codes: IO_Update, end-of-data, and
pseudo-end-of-data. It is important that the EEPROM buffer
segment always have either an end-of-data or a pseudo-end-of-data
operational code and that an IO_Update operation code appear at
least once before the end-of-data operational code.
Register Section Definition Group
The register section definition group is used to define a continuous
register section for the EEPROM profile. It consists of three bytes.
The first byte defines how many continuous register bytes are in
this group. If the user puts 0x000 in the first byte, it means there is
only one byte in this group. If the user puts 0x001, it means there
are two bytes in this group. The maximum number of registers in
one group is 128.
IO_Update (Operational Code 0x80)
At a minimum, there should be at least one IO_Update operational
code after the end of the final register section definition group. This
is needed so that at least one IO_Update occurs after all of the
AD9524 registers are loaded when the EEPROM is read. If this
operational code is absent during a write to the EEPROM, the
register values loaded from the EEPROM are not transferred to
the active register space, and these values do not take effect after
they are loaded from the EEPROM to the AD9524.
End-of-Data (Operational Code 0xFF)
The EEPROM controller uses this operational code to terminate
the data transfer process between EEPROM and the control
register during the upload and download process. The last item
appearing in the EEPROM buffer segment should be either this
operational code or the pseudo-end-of-data operational code.
Pseudo-End-of-Data (Operational Code 0xFE)
The AD9524 EEPROM buffer segment has 23 bytes that can
contain up to seven register section definition groups. If users
want to define more than seven register section definition groups,
the pseudo-end-of-data operational code can be used. During
the upload process, when the EEPROM controller receives the
pseudo-end-of-data operational code, it halts the data transfer
process, clears the REG2EEPROM bit (Bit 0, Register 0xB03),
and enables the AD9524 serial port. Users can then program the
EEPROM buffer segment again and reinitiate the data transfer
process by setting the REG2EEPROM bit to 1 and the IO_Update
bit (Bit 0, Register 0x234) to 1. The internal I²C master then begins
writing to the EEPROM, starting from the EEPROM address
held from the last writing.
This sequence enables more discrete instructions to be written
to the EEPROM than would otherwise be possible due to the
limited size of the EEPROM buffer segment. It also permits the
user to write to the same register multiple times with a different
value each time.
Rev. E | Page 35 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
Table 29. Example of an EEPROM Buffer Segment
Register Address (Hex)
Bit 7 (MSB)
Start EEPROM Buffer Segment
0xA00
0
0xA01
0xA02
0xA03
0
0xA04
0xA05
0xA06
0
0xA07
0xA08
0xA09
0xA0A
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0 (LSB)
Number of bytes of the first group of registers (Bits[6:0])
Address of the first group of registers (Bits[15:8])
Address of the first group of registers (Bits[7:0])
Number of bytes of the second group of registers (Bits[6:0])
Address of the second group of registers (Bits[15:8])
Address of the second group of registers (Bits[7:0])
Number of bytes of the third group of registers (Bits[6:0])
Address of the third group of registers (Bits[15:8])
Address of the third group of registers (Bits[7:0])
IO_Update operational code (0x80)
End-of-data operational code (0xFF)
Rev. E | Page 36 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
POWER DISSIPATION AND THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS
The AD9524 is a multifunctional, high speed device that targets
a wide variety of clock applications. The numerous innovative
features contained in the device each consume incremental power.
If all outputs are enabled in the maximum frequency and mode
that have the highest power, the safe thermal operating conditions
of the device may be exceeded. Careful analysis and consideration
of power dissipation and thermal management are critical
elements in the successful application of the AD9524 device.
The AD9524 device is specified to operate within the industrial
ambient temperature range of –40°C to +85°C. This specification is
conditional, however, such that the absolute maximum junction
temperature is not exceeded (as specified in Table 17). At high
operating temperatures, extreme care must be taken when
operating the device to avoid exceeding the junction temperature
and potentially damaging the device.
A maximum junction temperature is listed in Table 1 with the
ambient operating range. The ambient range and maximum
junction temperature specifications ensure the performance of the
device as guaranteed in the Specifications section.
Many variables contribute to the operating junction temperature
within the device, including
•
•
•
•
Selected driver mode of operation
Output clock speed
Supply voltage
Ambient temperature
The combination of these variables determines the junction
temperature within the AD9524 device for a given set of
operating conditions.
The AD9524 is specified for an ambient temperature (TA). To
ensure that TA is not exceeded, an airflow source can be used.
Use the following equation to determine the junction
temperature on the application PCB:
TJ = TCASE + (ΨJT × PD)
where:
TJ is the junction temperature (°C).
TCASE is the case temperature (°C) measured by the user at the
top center of the package.
ΨJT is the value from Table 18.
PD is the power dissipation of the AD9524.
Values of θJA are provided for package comparison and PCB
design considerations. θJA can be used for a first-order
approximation of TJ by the equation
TJ = TA + (θJA × PD)
where TA is the ambient temperature (°C).
Values of ΨJB are provided for package comparison and PCB design
considerations.
CLOCK SPEED AND DRIVER MODE
Clock speed directly and linearly influences the total power
dissipation of the device and, therefore, the junction temperature.
Two operating frequencies are listed under the incremental power
dissipation parameter in Table 3. Using linear interpretation is
a sufficient approximation for frequency not listed in the table.
When calculating power dissipation for thermal consideration,
the amount of power dissipated in the 100 Ω resistor should be
removed. If using the data in Table 2, this power is already
removed. If using the current vs. frequency graphs provided in
the Typical Performance Characteristics section, the power into
the load must be subtracted, using the following equation:
Differential Output Voltage Swing 2
100 Ω
EVALUATION OF OPERATING CONDITIONS
The first step in evaluating the operating conditions is to determine
the maximum power consumption (PD) internal to the AD9524.
The maximum PD excludes power dissipated in the load resistors
of the drivers because such power is external to the device. Use the
power dissipation specifications listed in Table 3 to calculate the
total power dissipated for the desired configuration. The base
typical configuration parameter in Table 3 lists a power of 428 mW,
which includes one LVPECL output at 122.88 MHz. If the
frequency of operation is not listed in Table 3, see the Typical
Performance Characteristics section, current vs. frequency and
driver mode, to calculate the power dissipation; then add 20% for
maximum current draw. Remove the power dissipated in the load
resistor to achieve the most accurate power dissipation internal
to the AD9524. See Table 30 for a summary of the incremental
power dissipation from the base power configuration for two
different examples.
Table 30. Temperature Gradient Examples
Description
Example 1
Base Typical
Configuration
Output Driver
Total Power
Example 2
Base Typical
Configuration
Output Driver
Total Power
Values of θJC are provided for package comparison and PCB design
considerations when an external heat sink is required.
Rev. E | Page 37 of 56
Mode
Frequency
(MHz)
Maximum
Power (mW)
428
5 × LVPECL
122.88
275
703
428
5 × LVPECL
983.04
795
1223
AD9524
Data Sheet
The second step is to multiply the power dissipated by the
thermal impedance to determine the maximum power
gradient. For this example, a thermal impedance of θJA =
20.1°C/W was used.
THERMALLY ENHANCED PACKAGE MOUNTING
GUIDELINES
Refer to the AN-772 Application Note, A Design and
Manufacturing Guide for the Lead Frame Chip Scale Package
(LFCSP), for more information about mounting devices with
an exposed paddle.
Example 1
(703 mW × 20.1°C/W) = 14.1°C
With an ambient temperature of 85°C, the junction temperature is
TJ = 85°C + 14.1°C = 99°C
This junction temperature is below the maximum allowable.
Example 2
(1223 mW × 20.1°C/W) = 24.6°C
With an ambient temperature of 85°C, the junction temperature is
TJ = 85°C + 24.6°C = 109°C
This junction temperature is below the maximum allowable.
Rev. E | Page 38 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
CONTROL REGISTERS
CONTROL REGISTER MAP
Register addresses that are not listed in Table 31 are not used, and writing to those registers has no effect. Registers that are marked as
reserved should never have their values changed. When writing to registers with bits that are marked reserved, the user should take care
to always write the default value for the reserved bits.
Table 31. Control Register Map
Addr
Register
(Hex)
Name
Serial Port Configuration
SPI mode
0x000
serial port
configuration
I2C mode
serial port
configuration
Readback
0x004
control
EEPROM
0x005
customer
0x006
version ID
Input PLL (PLL1)
PLL1 REFA
0x010
R divider
0x011
control
(MSB)
Bit 7
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Soft reset
Reserved
Reserved
Soft reset
0x00
Soft reset
Reserved
Reserved
Soft reset
LSB first/
address
increment
Reserved
SDO active
Reserved
LSB first/
address
increment
Reserved
Reserved
0x00
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Read back
active registers
0x00
SDO
active
0x014
PLL1 reference
test divider
PLL1 reserved
PLL1 feedback
N divider
control
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
PLL1 charge
pump control
PLL1
charge
pump
tristate
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
0x019
EEPROM customer version ID[7:0] (LSB)
0x00
EEPROM customer version ID[15:8] (MSB)
0x00
10-bit REFA R divider[7:0] (LSB)
Reserved
PLL1 REFB
R divider
control
0x018
Default
Value
(Hex)
Bit 6
0x012
0x013
0x015
0x016
0x017
(LSB)
Bit 0
10-bit REFB R divider[7:0] (LSB)
Reserved
10-bit REFA R divider[9:8]
(MSB)
10-bit REFB R divider[9:8]
(MSB)
REF_TEST divider
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved Reserved
10-bit PLL1 feedback divider[7:0] (LSB)
Reserved
0x01A
PLL1
input receiver
control
REF_TEST
input
receiver
enable
REFB
differential
receiver
enable
REFA
differential
receiver
enable
0x01B
REF_TEST,
REFA, REFB,
and ZD_IN
control
Reserved
Reserved
Zero delay
mode
0x01C
PLL1
miscellaneous
control
Enable
REFB
R divider
indepen.
division
control
OSC_CTRL
control
voltage to
VCC/2
when ref
clock fails
Reserved
OSC_IN signal
feedback
for PLL1
Antibacklash pulse
width control
REFA
receiver
enable
Input
REFA, REFB
receiver
powerdown
control
enable
ZD_IN
differen.
receiver
mode
enable
ZD_IN
singleended
receiver
mode
enable
(CMOS
mode)
Reference selection mode
Rev. E | Page 39 of 56
0x00
0x00
0x00
Reserved
Reserved
10-bit PLL1 feedback
divider[9:8] (MSB)
PLL1 charge pump control
Enable SPI
control of
antibacklash
pulse width
REFB receiver
enable
0x00
0x00
0x00
0x00
0x00
0x0C
PLL1 charge pump mode
0x00
OSC_IN
single-ended
receiver
mode enable
(CMOS mode)
OSC_IN
differential
receiver
mode enable
0x00
REFB
single-ended
receiver mode
enable
(CMOS mode)
REFA
single-ended
receiver
mode enable
(CMOS mode)
0x00
Reserved
Reserved
0x00
AD9524
Addr
(Hex)
0x01D
Register
Name
PLL1 loop
filter zero
resistor control
Output PLL (PLL2)
PLL2 charge
0x0F0
pump control
PLL2
0x0F1
feedback
N divider
control
0x0F2
PLL2 control
Data Sheet
(MSB)
Bit 7
Reserved
Bit 6
Reserved
Bit 5
Reserved
A counter
PLL2 lock
detector
powerdown
Reserved
Reserved
Enable
frequency
doubler
Reserved
Reserved
0x0F4
VCO divider
control
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
0x0F5
0x0F6
PLL2 loop
filter control
(9 bits)
Pole 2 resistor (RPOLE2)
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Invert
divider
output
Ignore
sync
Powerdown
channel
0x19A
0x19B
0x19C
0x19D
0x19E
0x19F
0x1A0
0x1A1
0x1AE
0x1AF
0x1B0
0x1B1
0x1B2
0x1B3
Channel 1
control
Channel 2
control
Channel 3
control
Channel 4
control
Channel 5
control
Bit 2
Bit 1
PLL1 loop filter, RZERO
Invert
divider
output
Invert
divider
output
Invert
divider
output
Invert
divider
output
Invert
divider
output
Ignore
sync
Ignore
sync
Ignore
sync
Ignore
sync
Ignore
sync
Enable SPI
control of
antibacklash
pulse width
Force release
of distribution
sync when
PLL2 is
unlocked
Reserved
Force
VCO to
midpoint
frequency
VCO
divider
powerdown
Zero resistor (RZERO)
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
PLL2 charge pump mode
Calibrate VCO
(not autoclearing)
Reserved
0x03
0x00
VCO divider
0x00
Pole 1 capacitor (CPOLE1)
Bypass internal
Reserved
RZERO resistor
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
0x00
0x00
Reserved
Reserved
Lower power
mode
10-bit channel divider[7:0] (LSB)
Divider phase[5:0]
Lower power
Powermode
down
channel
10-bit channel divider[7:0] (LSB)
Divider phase[5:0]
Lower power
Powermode
down
channel
10-bit channel divider[7:0] (LSB)
Divider phase[5:0]
Lower power
Powermode
down
channel
10-bit channel divider[7:0] (LSB)
Divider phase[5:0]
PowerLower power
down
mode
channel
10-bit channel divider[7:0] (LSB)
Divider phase[5:0]
Lower power
Powermode
down
channel
10-bit channel divider[7:0] (LSB)
Divider phase[5:0]
Rev. E | Page 40 of 56
0x04
Antibacklash pulse
width control
Reserved
Default
Value
(Hex)
0x00
0x00
B counter
VCO control
0x197
0x198
0x199
Bit 3
PLL2 charge pump control
0x0F3
0x0F9
Reserved
Clock Distribution
0x190
Reserved
Channel 0
0x196
control
Bit 4
Reserved
(LSB)
Bit 0
0x00
Driver mode
0x00
0x00
10-bit channel divider[9:8] (MSB)
Driver mode
0x1F
0x04
0x20
10-bit channel divider[9:8] (MSB)
Driver mode
0x1F
0x04
0x00
10-bit channel divider[9:8] (MSB)
Driver mode[3:0]
0x1F
0x04
0x20
10-bit channel divider[9:8] (MSB)
Driver mode
0x1F
0x04
0x00
10-bit channel divider[9:8] (MSB)
Driver mode
0x1F
0x04
0x20
10-bit channel divider[9:8] (MSB)
0x1F
0x04
Data Sheet
AD9524
Addr
(Hex)
0x1BA
Register
Name
PLL1 output
control
(MSB)
Bit 7
Reserved
0x1BB
PLL1 output
channel
control
Readback
0x22C
Readback 0
0x22D
Other
0x230
0x231
0x232
0x233
Readback 1
Status signals
Power-down
control
Update all
registers
EEPROM Buffer
Serial port
0xA00
configuration
0xA01
0x234
Bit 6
Reserved
Bit 5
Reserved
PLL1
output
driver
powerdown
Reserved
Status
PLL2
reference
clock
Reserved
Status
PLL1
feedback
clock
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Enable Status_
EEPROM on
STATUS0 pin
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Bit 3
Bit 2
Reserved
Bit 4
PLL1 output
CMOS driver
strength
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Route VCXO
clock to Ch 1
divider input
Route VCXO
clock to Ch 0
divider input
Status
VCXO
Status
REF_TEST
Status
REFB
Status
REFA
Lock detect
PLL2
Lock detect
PLL1
Reserved
Reserved
Holdover
active
Selected
reference
(in auto
mode)
Reserved
VCO
calibration
in progress
Status Monitor 0 control
Status Monitor 1 control
STATUS1 STATUS0
Reserved
pin
pin
divider
divider
enable
enable
Reserved
Reserved
0xA05
0xA06
PLL1
0xA07
0xA0A
IO_Update
0x00
0x00
0x00
0x07
0x00
0x00
Starting address: 0x0000
0x00
Size of transfer: three bytes
0x02
Starting address: 0x0004
0x00
0x04
Size of transfer: 15 bytes
0x0E
Starting address: 0x0010
0x00
0xA08
0xA09
PLL2
power-down
0x80
0x00
Readback
control and
EEPROM
customer
version ID
0xA04
PLL1
powerdown
Sync dividers
(manual
control)
0: sync signal
inactive
1: dividers
held in sync
(same
as SYNC pin
low)
Distribution
power-down
Default
Value
(Hex)
0x00
Size of transfer: one byte
0xA02
0xA03
Bit 1
PLL1 output divider
(LSB)
Bit 0
0x10
PECL/CMOS
output
Size of transfer: 15 bytes
0x0E
Starting address: 0x00F0
0x00
0xA0B
0xF0
Rev. E | Page 41 of 56
AD9524
Addr
(Hex)
0xA0C
Register
Name
Dividers
Data Sheet
(MSB)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
0xA0D
Bit 4
Bit 3
Size of transfer: 44 bytes
Bit 2
Bit 1
(LSB)
Bit 0
Starting address: 0x0190
0x01
0xA0E
0xA0F
0x90
Clock input
and REF
0xA10
Size of transfer: two bytes
0x01
Starting address: 0x01E0
0x01
0xA11
0xA12
Default
Value
(Hex)
0x2B
0xE0
Other
0xA13
Size of transfer: four bytes
0x03
Starting address: 0x0230
0x02
0xA14
0xA15
IO_UPDATE
0xA16
End of data
EEPROM Control
Status_
0xB00
EEPROM
(read only)
EEPROM error
0xB01
checking
readback
(read only)
EEPROM
0xB02
Control 1
EEPROM
0xB03
Control 2
0x30
Command: IO_UPDATE
Command: End of data
0x80
0xFF
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Soft_EEPROM
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Rev. E | Page 42 of 56
Status_
EEPROM
(read only)
EEPROM
data error
(read only)
0x00
Enable
EEPROM write
REG2EEPROM
0x00
0x00
0x00
Data Sheet
AD9524
CONTROL REGISTER MAP BIT DESCRIPTIONS
Serial Port Configuration (Address 0x000 to Address 0x006)
Table 32. SPI Mode Serial Port Configuration
Address
0x000
0x004
Bits
7
Bit Name
SDO active
6
LSB first/
address
increment
5
Soft reset
4
[3:0]
Reserved
Mirror[7:4]
0
Read back
active registers
Description
Selects unidirectional or bidirectional data transfer mode. This bit is ignored in I2C mode.
0: SDIO pin used for write and read; SDO is high impedance (default).
1: SDO used for read; SDIO used for write; unidirectional mode.
SPI MSB or LSB data orientation. This bit is ignored in I2C mode.
0: data-oriented MSB first; addressing decrements (default).
1: data-oriented LSB first; addressing increments.
Soft reset.
1 (self clearing): soft reset; restores default values to internal registers.
Reserved.
Bits[3:0] should always mirror Bits[7:4] so that it does not matter whether the part is in MSB first or LSB
first mode (see Register 0x000, Bit 6). Set bits as follows:
Bit 0 = Bit 7.
Bit 1 = Bit 6.
Bit 2 = Bit 5.
Bit 3 = Bit 4.
For buffered registers, serial port readback reads from actual (active) registers instead of from the buffer.
0 (default): reads values currently applied to the internal logic of the device.
1: reads buffered values that take effect on the next assertion of the I/O update.
Table 33. I2C Mode Serial Port Configuration
Address
0x000
0x004
Bits
[7:6]
5
Bit Name
Reserved
Soft reset
4
[3:0]
Reserved
Mirror[7:4]
0
Read back
active registers
Description
Reserved.
Soft reset.
1 (self clearing): soft reset; restores default values to internal registers.
Reserved.
Bits[3:0] should always mirror Bits[7:4]. Set bits as follows:
Bit 0 = Bit 7.
Bit 1 = Bit 6.
Bit 2 = Bit 5.
Bit 3 = Bit 4.
For buffered registers, serial port readback reads from actual (active) registers instead of from the buffer.
0 (default): reads values currently applied to the internal logic of the device.
1: reads buffered values that take effect on the next assertion of the I/O update.
Table 34. EEPROM Customer Version ID
Address
0x005
Bits
[7:0]
0x006
[7:0]
Bit Name
EEPROM
customer
version ID (LSB)
EEPROM
customer
version ID (MSB)
Description
16-bit EEPROM ID, Bits[7:0]. This register, along with Register 0x006, allows the user to store a unique
ID to identify which version of the AD9524 register settings is stored in the EEPROM. It does not affect
AD9524 operation in any way (default: 0x00).
16-bit EEPROM ID, Bits[15:8]. This register, along with Register 0x005, allows the user to store a unique
ID to identify which version of the AD9524 register settings is stored in the EEPROM. It does not affect
AD9524 operation in any way (default: 0x00).
Rev. E | Page 43 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
Input PLL (PLL1) (Address 0x010 to Address 0x01D)
Table 35. PLL1 REFA R Divider Control
Address
0x010
0x011
Bits
[7:0]
Bit Name
REFA R divider
[1:0]
Description
10-bit REFA R divider, Bits[7:0] (LSB). Divide-by-1 to divide-by-1023.
00000000, 00000001: divide-by-1.
10-bit REFA R divider, Bits[9:8] (MSB)
Table 36. PLL1 REFB R Divider Control 1
Address
0x012
0x013
1
Bits
[7:0]
Bit Name
REFB R divider
[1:0]
Description
10-bit REFB R divider, Bits[7:0] (LSB). Divide-by-1 to divide-by-1023.
00000000, 00000001: divide-by-1.
10-bit REFB R divider, Bits[9:8] (MSB)
Requires Register 0x01C, Bit 7 = 1 for division that is independent of REFA division.
Table 37. PLL1 Reference Test Divider
Address
0x014
Bits
[7:6]
[5:0]
Bit Name
Reserved
REF_TEST divider
Description
Reserved
6-bit reference test divider. Divide-by-1 to divide-by-63.
000000, 000001: divide-by-1.
Table 38. PLL1 Reserved
Address
0x015
Bits
[7:0]
Bit Name
Reserved
Description
Reserved
Table 39. PLL1 Feedback N Divider Control
Address
0x016
0x017
Bits
[7:0]
Bit Name
PLL1 feedback N divider control
(N_PLL1)
[1:0]
Description
10-bit feedback divider, Bits[7:0] (LSB). Divide-by-1 to divide-by-1023.
00000000, 00000001: divide-by-1.
10-bit feedback divider, Bits[1:0] (MSB)
Table 40. PLL1 Charge Pump Control
Address
0x018
Bits
7
[6:0]
Bit Name
PLL1 charge pump tristate
PLL1 charge pump control
0x019
[7:5]
4
Reserved
Enable SPI control of antibacklash
pulse width
[3:2]
Antibacklash pulse width control
[1:0]
PLL1 charge pump mode
Description
Tristates the PLL1 charge pump.
These bits set the magnitude of the PLL1 charge pump current. Granularity is ~0.5 μA
with a full-scale magnitude of ~63.5 μA.
Reserved.
Controls the functionality of Register 0x019, Bits[3:2].
0 (default): the device automatically controls the antibacklash period to high
(equivalent to Register 0x019, Bits[3:2] = 10)
1: antibacklash period defined by Register 0x019, Bits[3:2].
Controls the PFD antibacklash period.
00 (default): minimum.
01: low.
10: high.
11: maximum.
These bits are ineffective unless Register 0x019, Bit 4 = 1.
Controls the mode of the PLL1 charge pump.
00: (default) tristate.
01: pump up.
10: pump down.
11: normal.
Rev. E | Page 44 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Table 41. PLL1 Input Receiver Control
Address
0x01A
Bits
7
Bit Name
REF_TEST input receiver enable
6
REFB differential receiver enable
5
REFA differential receiver enable
4
REFB receiver enable
3
REFA receiver enable
2
Input REFA and REFB receiver
power-down control enable
1
OSC_IN single-ended receiver
mode enable (CMOS mode)
0
OSC_IN differential receiver mode
enable
Description
1: enabled.
0: disabled (default).
1: differential receiver mode.
0: single-ended receiver mode (also depends on Register 0x01B, Bit 1) (default).
1: differential receiver mode.
0: single-ended receiver mode (also depends on Register 0x01B, Bit 0) (default).
REFB receiver power-down control mode only when Bit 2 = 1.
1: enable REFB receiver.
0: power-down (default).
REFA receiver power-down control mode only when Bit 2 = 1.
1: enable REFA receiver.
0: power-down (default).
Enables power-down control of the input receivers, REFA and REFB.
1: power-down control enabled.
0: both receivers enabled (default).
Selects which single-ended input pin is enabled when in the single-ended receiver
mode (Register 0x01A, Bit 0 = 0).
1: negative receiver from oscillator input (OSC_IN pin) selected.
0: positive receiver from oscillator input (OSC_IN pin) selected (default).
1: differential receiver mode.
0: single-ended receiver mode (also depends on Bit 1) (default).
Table 42. REF_TEST, REFA, REFB, and ZD_IN Control
Address
0x01B
Bits
[7:6]
5
Bit Name
Reserved
Zero delay mode
4
OSC_IN signal feedback for PLL1
3
ZD_IN single-ended receiver
mode enable (CMOS mode)
2
ZD_IN differential receiver mode
enable
REFB single-ended receiver mode
enable (CMOS mode)
1
0
REFA single-ended receiver mode
enable (CMOS mode)
Description
0: reserved (default).
Selects the zero delay mode used (via the ZD_IN pin) when Register 0x01B, Bit 4 = 0.
Otherwise, this bit is ignored.
1: internal zero delay mode. The zero delay receiver is powered down. The internal
zero delay path from Distribution Divider Channel 0 is used.
0: external zero delay mode. The ZD_IN receiver is enabled.
Controls the input PLL feedback path, local feedback from the OSC_IN receiver or
zero delay mode.
1: OSC_IN receiver input used for the input PLL feedback (non-zero delay mode).
0: zero delay mode enabled (also depends on Register 0x01B, Bit 4 to select the
zero delay path.
Selects which single-ended input pin is enabled when in the single-ended receiver
mode (Register 0x01B, Bit 2 = 0).
1: ZD_IN pin enabled.
0: ZD_IN pin enabled.
1: differential receiver mode.
0: single-ended receiver mode (also depends on Register 0x01B, Bit 3).
Selects which single-ended input pin is enabled when in single-ended receiver mode
(Register 0x01A, Bit 6 = 0).
1: REFB pin enabled.
0: REFB pin enabled.
Selects which single-ended input pin is enabled when in single-ended receiver mode
(Register 0x01A, Bit 5 = 0).
1: REFA pin enabled.
0: REFA pin enabled.
Rev. E | Page 45 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
Table 43. PLL1 Miscellaneous Control
Address
0x01C
1
Bits
7
Bit Name
Enable REFB R divider
independent division control
6
OSC_CTRL control voltage to
VCC/2 when reference clock fails
5
[4:2]
Reserved
Reference selection mode
[1:0]
Reserved
Description
1: REFB R divider is controlled by Register 0x012 and Register 0x013.
0: REFB R divider is set to the same setting as the REFA R divider (Register 0x010
and Register 0x011). This requires that, for the loop to stay locked, the REFA and
REFB input frequencies must be the same.
High permits the OSC_CTRL control voltage to be forced to midsupply when the
feedback or input clocks fail. Low tristates the charge pump output.
1: OSC_CTRL control voltage goes to VCC/2.
0: OSC_CTRL control voltage tracks the tristated (high impedance) charge pump
(through the buffer).
Reserved.
Programs the REFA, REFB mode selection (default = 000).
REF_SEL
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Description
Pin
X1
0
0
0
Nonrevertive: stay on REFB.
X1
0
0
1
Revert to REFA.
X1
0
1
0
Select REFA.
X1
0
1
1
Select REFB.
1
1
0
1
X
X
REF_SEL pin = 0 (low): REFA.
1
1
X1
X1
REF_SEL pin = 1 (high): REFB.
0: reserved (default).
X = don’t care.
Table 44. PLL1 Loop Filter Zero Resistor Control
Address
0x01D
Bits
[7:4]
[3:0]
Bit Name
Reserved
PLL1 loop filter, RZERO
Description
Reserved.
Programs the value of the zero resistor, RZERO.
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
RZERO Value (kΩ)
0
0
0
0
883
0
0
0
1
677
0
0
1
0
341
0
0
1
1
135
0
1
0
0
10
0
1
0
1
10
0
1
1
0
10
0
1
1
1
10
1
0
0
0
Use external resistor
Rev. E | Page 46 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Output PLL (PLL2) (Address 0x0F0 to Address 0x0F9)
Table 45. PLL2 Charge Pump Control
Address
0x0F0
Bits
[7:0]
Bit Name
PLL2 charge pump control
Description
These bits set the magnitude of the PLL2 charge pump current. Granularity is ~3.5 μA
with a full-scale magnitude of ~900 μA.
Table 46. PLL2 Feedback N Divider Control
Address
0x0F1
Bits
[7:6]
[5:0]
Bit Name
A counter
B counter
A Counter (Bits[7:6])
A = 0 or A = 1
A = 0 to A = 2
A = 0 to A = 2
A = 0 to A = 3
Description
A counter word
B counter word
Feedback Divider Constraints
B Counter (Bits[5:0])
B=4
B=5
B=6
B≥7
Allowed N Division (4 × B + A)
16, 17
20, 21, 22
24, 25, 26
28, 29 … continuous to 255
Table 47. PLL2 Control
Address
0x0F2
Bits
7
Bit Name
PLL2 lock detector power-down
6
5
Reserved
Enable frequency doubler
4
Enable SPI control of antibacklash
pulse width
[3:2]
Antibacklash pulse width control
[1:0]
PLL2 charge pump mode
Description
Controls power-down of the PLL2 lock detector.
1: lock detector powered down.
0: lock detector active.
Default = 0; value must remain 0.
Enables doubling of the PLL2 reference input frequency.
1: enabled.
0: disabled.
Controls the functionality of Register 0x0F2, Bits[3:2]. Set the antibacklash pulse
width to the minimum setting. By setting Bit 4 to 1 from the default of 0, Bits[3:2]
consequently default to 00.
0 (default): device automatically controls the antibacklash period to high
(equivalent to Register 0x0F2, Bits[3:2] = 10).
1: antibacklash period defined by Register 0x0F2, Bits[2:1] (recommended setting).
Controls the PFD antibacklash period of PLL2.
00 (default): minimum (recommended setting).
01: low.
10: high.
11: maximum.
These bits are ineffective unless Register 0x0F2, Bit 4 = 1.
Controls the mode of the PLL2 charge pump.
00: tristate.
01: pump up.
10: pump down.
11 (default): normal.
Rev. E | Page 47 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
Table 48. VCO Control
Address
0x0F3
Bits
[7:5]
4
Bit Name
Reserved
Force release of distribution sync
when PLL2 is unlocked
3
2
Reserved
Force VCO to midpoint frequency
1
Calibrate VCO (not autoclearing)
0
Reserved
Description
Reserved.
0 (default): distribution is held in sync (static) until the output PLL locks. Then it is
automatically released from sync with all dividers synchronized.
1: overrides the PLL2 lock detector state; forces release of the distribution from
sync.
0 (default): value must remain 0.
Selects VCO control voltage functionality.
0 (default): normal VCO operation.
1: forces VCO control voltage to midscale.
1: initiates VCO calibration (this is not an autoclearing bit).
0: resets the VCO calibration.
Reserved.
Table 49. VCO Divider Control
Address
0x0F4
Bits
[7:4]
3
Bit Name
Reserved
VCO divider power-down
[2:0]
VCO divider
Description
Reserved.
1: powers down the divider.
0: normal operation.
Note that the VCO divider connects to all output channels.
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Divider Value
0
0
0
Divide-by-4
0
0
1
Divide-by-5
0
1
0
Divide-by-6
0
1
1
Divide-by-7
1
0
0
Divide-by-8
1
0
1
Divide-by-9
1
1
0
Divide-by-10
1
1
1
Divide-by-11
Rev. E | Page 48 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Table 50. PLL2 Loop Filter Control
Address
0x0F5
Bits
[7:6]
[5:3]
[2:0]
0x0F6
[7:1]
0
Bit Name
Pole 2 resistor (RPOLE2)
Description
Bit 7
0
0
1
1
Bit 6
0
1
0
1
RPOLE2
(Ω)
900
450
300
225
Bit 5
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Bit 4
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Bit 3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Zero resistor (RZERO)
Pole 1 capacitor (CPOLE1)
Reserved
Bypass internal RZERO
resistor
RZERO
(Ω)
3250
2750
2250
2100
3000
2500
2000
1850
CPOLE1
(pF)
0
8
16
24
24
32
40
48
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Reserved.
Bypasses the internal RZERO resistor (RZERO = 0 Ω). Requires the use of a series external zero resistor.
This bit is the MSB of the loop filter control register (Address 0x0F5 and Address 0x0F6).
Rev. E | Page 49 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
Reserved (Address 0x190)
Table 51. Reserved Register
Address
0x190
Bits
[7:5]
Bit Name
Reserved
Description
Reserved. The default value for this register is 0x00. It is recommended to write a value
of 0x20 to this register.
Clock Distribution (Address 0x196 to Address 0x1A1, Address 0x1AE to Address 0x1B3, Address 0x1BA, and Address
0x1BB)
Table 52. Channel 0 to Channel 5 Control (This same map applies to all six channels.)
Address
0x196
Bits
7
6
Bit Name
Invert divider output
Ignore sync
5
Power-down channel
4
Lower power mode
(differential modes only)
[3:0]
Driver mode
Description
Inverts the polarity of the divider’s output clock.
0: obeys chip-level SYNC signal (default).
1: ignores chip-level SYNC signal.
1: powers down the entire channel.
0: normal operation.
Reduces power used in the differential output modes (LVDS/LVPECL/HSTL). This
reduction may result in power savings, but at the expense of performance. Note that
this bit does not affect output swing and current, just the internal driver power.
1: low strength/lower power.
0: normal operation.
Driver mode.
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Driver Mode
0
0
0
0
Tristate output
0
0
0
1
LVPECL (8 mA)
0
0
1
0
LVDS (3.5 mA)
0
0
1
1
LVDS (7 mA)
0
1
0
0
HSTL-0 (16 mA)
0
1
0
1
HSTL-1 (8 mA)
0
1
1
0
CMOS (both outputs in phase)
+ Pin: true phase relative to divider output
− Pin: true phase relative to divider output
0
1
1
1
CMOS (opposite phases on outputs)
+ Pin: true phase relative to divider output
− Pin: complement phase relative to divider output
1
0
0
0
CMOS
+ Pin: true phase relative to divider output
− Pin: high-Z
1
0
0
1
CMOS
+ Pin: high-Z
− Pin: true phase relative to divider output
1
0
1
0
CMOS
+ Pin: high-Z
− Pin: high-Z
1
0
1
1
CMOS (both outputs in phase)
+ Pin: complement phase relative to divider output
− Pin: complement phase relative to divider output
1
1
0
0
CMOS (both outputs out of phase)
+ Pin: complement phase relative to divider output
− Pin: true phase relative to divider output
1
1
0
1
CMOS
+ Pin: complement phase relative to divider output
− Pin: high-Z
1
1
1
0
CMOS
+ Pin: high-Z
− Pin: complement phase relative to divider output
Rev. E | Page 50 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Address
Bits
Bit Name
0x197
[7:0]
Channel divider, Bits[7:0] (LSB)
0x198
[7:2]
Divider phase
[1:0]
Channel divider, Bits[9:8] (MSB)
Description
1
1
1
1
Tristate output
Division = Channel Divider Bits[9:0] + 1. For example, [9:0] = 0 is divided by 1, [9:0] = 1
is divided by 2 … [9:0] = 1023 is divided by 1024. 10-bit channel divider, Bits[7:0] (LSB).
Divider initial phase after a sync is asserted relative to the divider input clock (from the
VCO divider output). LSB = ½ of a period of the divider input clock.
Phase = 0: no phase offset.
Phase = 1: ½ period offset, …
Phase = 63: 31 period offset.
10-bit channel divider, Bits[9:8] (MSB).
Table 53. PLL1 Output Control (PLL1_OUT, Pin 46)
Address
0x1BA
Bits
[7:5]
4
Bit Name
Reserved
PLL1 output CMOS driver
strength
[3:0]
PLL1 output divider
Description
Reserved
CMOS driver strength
1: weak
0: strong
0000: divide-by-1
0001: divide-by-2 (default)
0010: divide-by-4
0100: divide-by-8
1000: divide-by-16
No other inputs permitted
Table 54. PLL1 Output Channel Control
Address
0x1BB
Bits
7
[6:2]
1
0
Bit Name
PLL1 output driver power-down
Reserved
Route VCXO clock to
Channel 1 divider input
Route VCXO clock to
Channel 0 divider input
Description
PLL1 output driver power-down
Reserved
1: channel uses VCXO clock. Routes VCXO clock to divider input
0: channel uses VCO divider output clock
1: channel uses VCXO clock. Routes VCXO clock to divider input
0: channel uses VCO divider output clock
Readback (Address 0x22C to Address 0x22D)
Table 55. Readback Registers (Readback 0 and Readback 1)
Address
0x22C
Bits
7
Bit Name
Status PLL2 reference clock
6
Status PLL1 feedback clock
5
Status VCXO
4
Status REF_TEST
3
Status REFB
2
Status REFA
1
Lock detect PLL2
0
Lock detect PLL1
Description
1: OK
0: off/clocks are missing
1: OK
0: off/clocks are missing
1: OK
0: off/clocks are missing
1: OK
0: off/clocks are missing
1: OK
0: off/clocks are missing
1: OK
0: off/clocks are missing
1: locked
0: unlocked
1: locked
0: unlocked
Rev. E | Page 51 of 56
AD9524
Address
0x22D
Data Sheet
Bits
[7:4]
3
Bit Name
Reserved
Holdover active
2
Selected reference
(in auto mode)
1
0
Reserved
VCO calibration in progress
Description
Reserved
1: holdover is active (both references are missing)
0: normal operation
Selected reference (applies only when the device automatically selects the reference;
for example, not in manual control mode)
1: REFB
0: REFA
Reserved
1: VCO calibration in progress
0: VCO calibration not in progress
Other (Address 0x230 to Address 0x234)
Table 56. Status Signals
Address
0x230
Bits
[7:6]
[5:0]
Bit Name
Reserved
Status Monitor 0 control
Description
Reserved
Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Muxout
0
0
0
0
0
0
GND
0
0
0
0
0
1
PLL1 and PLL2 locked
0
0
0
0
1
0
PLL1 locked
0
0
0
0
1
1
PLL2 locked
0
0
0
1
0
0
Both references are missing (REFA and REFB)
0
0
0
1
0
1
Both references are missing and PLL2 is locked
0
0
0
1
1
0
REFB selected (applies only to auto select mode)
0
0
0
1
1
1
REFA is OK
0
0
1
0
0
0
REFB is OK
0
0
1
0
0
1
REF_TEST is OK
0
0
1
0
1
0
VCXO is OK
0
0
1
0
1
1
PLL1 feedback is OK
0
0
1
1
0
0
PLL2 reference clock is OK
0
0
1
1
0
1
Reserved
0
0
1
1
1
0
REFA and REFB are OK
0
0
1
1
1
1
All clocks are OK (except REF_TEST)
0
1
0
0
0
0
PLL1 feedback is divide-by-2
0
1
0
0
0
1
PLL1 PFD down divide-by-2
0
1
0
0
1
0
PLL1 REF divide-by-2
0
1
0
0
1
1
PLL1 PFD up divide-by-2
0
1
0
1
0
0
GND
0
1
0
1
0
1
GND
0
1
0
1
1
0
GND
0
1
0
1
1
1
GND
Note that all bit combinations after 010111 are reserved.
Rev. E | Page 52 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Address
0x231
Bits
[7:6]
[5:0]
Bit Name
Reserved
Status Monitor 1 control
0x232
[7:5]
4
Reserved
Enable Status_EEPROM
on STATUS0 pin
STATUS1 pin divider
enable
3
2
STATUS0 pin divider
enable
1
0
Reserved
Sync dividers
(manual control)
Description
Reserved.
Bit 5
Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Muxout
0
0
0
0
0
0
GND
0
0
0
0
0
1
PLL1 and PLL2 locked
0
0
0
0
1
0
PLL1 locked
0
0
0
0
1
1
PLL2 locked
0
0
0
1
0
0
Both references are missing (REFA and REFB)
0
0
0
1
0
1
Both references are missing and PLL2 is locked
0
0
0
1
1
0
REFB selected (applies only to auto select mode)
0
0
0
1
1
1
REFA is OK
0
0
1
0
0
0
REFB is OK
0
0
1
0
0
1
REF_TEST is OK
0
0
1
0
1
0
VCXO is OK
0
0
1
0
1
1
PLL1 feedback is OK
0
0
1
1
0
0
PLL2 reference clock is OK
0
0
1
1
0
1
Reserved
0
0
1
1
1
0
REFA and REFB are OK
0
0
1
1
1
1
All clocks are OK (except REF_TEST)
0
1
0
0
0
0
GND
0
1
0
0
0
1
GND
0
1
0
0
1
0
GND
0
1
0
0
1
1
GND
0
1
0
1
0
0
PLL2 feedback is divide-by-2
0
1
0
1
0
1
PLL2 PFD down divide-by-2
0
1
0
1
1
0
PLL2 REF divide-by-2
0
1
0
1
1
1
PLL2 PFD up divide-by-2
Note that all bit combinations after 010111 are reserved.
Reserved.
Enables the EEPROM status on the STATUS0 pin.
1: enable status.
Enables a divide-by-4 on the STATUS1 pin, allowing dynamic signals to be viewed at a lower
frequency (such as the PFD input clocks). Not to be used with dc states on the status pins,
which occur when the settings of Register 0x231, Bits[5:0] are in the range of 000000 to 001111.
1: enabled.
0: disabled.
Enables a divide-by-4 on the STATUS0 pin, allowing dynamic signals to be viewed at a lower
frequency (such as the PFD input clocks). Not to be used with dc states on the status pins,
which occur when the settings of Register 0x230, Bits[5:0] are in the range of 000000 to 001111.
1: enable.
0: disable.
Reserved.
Set bit to put dividers in sync; clear bit to release. Functions like SYNC pin low.
1: sync.
0: normal.
Rev. E | Page 53 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
Table 57. Power-Down Control
Address
0x233
Bits
[7:3]
2
Bit Name
Reserved
PLL1 power-down
1
PLL2 power-down
0
Distribution powerdown
Description
Reserved.
1: power-down (default).
0: normal operation.
1: power-down (default).
0: normal operation.
Powers down the distribution.
1: power-down (default).
0: normal operation.
Table 58. Update All Registers
Address
0x234
Bits
[7:1]
0
Bit Name
Reserved
IO_Update
Description
Reserved.
This bit must be set to 1 to transfer the contents of the buffer registers into the active registers,
which happens on the next SCLK rising edge. This bit is self-clearing; that is, it does not have to
be set back to 0.
1 (self-clearing): update all active registers to the contents of the buffer registers.
EEPROM Buffer (Address 0xA00 to Address 0xA16)
Table 59. EEPROM Buffer Segment
Address
0xA00
to
0xA16
Bits
[7:0]
Bit Name
EEPROM Buffer
Segment Register 1 to
EEPROM Buffer
Segment Register 23
Description
The EEPROM buffer segment section stores the starting address and number of bytes that are to
be stored and read back to and from the EEPROM. Because the register space is noncontiguous,
the EEPROM controller needs to know the starting address and number of bytes in the register
space to store and retrieve from the EEPROM. In addition, there are special instructions for the
EEPROM controller: operational codes (that is, IO_Update and end-of-data) that are also stored
in the EEPROM buffer segment. The on-chip default setting of the EEPROM buffer segment
registers is designed such that all registers are transferred to/from the EEPROM, and an
IO_Update is issued after the transfer (see the Programming the EEPROM Buffer Segment section).
EEPROM Control (Address 0xB00 to Address 0xB03)
Table 60. Status_EEPROM
Address
0xB00
Bits
[7:1]
0
Bit Name
Reserved
Status_EEPROM
(read only)
Description
Reserved.
This read-only bit indicates the status of the data transferred between the EEPROM and the
buffer register bank during the writing and reading of the EEPROM. This signal is also available
at the STATUS0 pin when Register 0x232, Bit 4 is set.
0: data transfer is complete.
1: data transfer is not complete.
Table 61. EEPROM Error Checking Readback
Address
0xB01
Bits
[7:1]
0
Bit Name
Reserved
EEPROM data error
(read only)
Description
Reserved.
This read-only bit indicates an error during the data transfer between the EEPROM and the buffer.
0: no error; data is correct.
1: incorrect data detected.
Rev. E | Page 54 of 56
Data Sheet
AD9524
Table 62. EEPROM Control 1
Address
0xB02
Bits
[7:2]
1
Bit Name
Reserved
Soft_EEPROM
0
Enable EEPROM write
Description
Reserved.
When the EEPROM_SEL pin is tied low, setting the Soft_EEPROM bit resets the AD9524 using
the settings saved in EEPROM.
1: soft reset with EEPROM settings (self-clearing).
Enables the user to write to the EEPROM.
0: EEPROM write protection is enabled. User cannot write to EEPROM (default).
1: EEPROM write protection is disabled. User can write to EEPROM.
Table 63. EEPROM Control 2
Address
0xB03
Bits
[7:1]
0
Bit Name
Reserved
REG2EEPROM
Description
Reserved.
Transfers data from the buffer register to the EEPROM (self-clearing).
1: setting this bit initiates the data transfer from the buffer register to the EEPROM (writing
process); it is reset by the I²C master after the data transfer is done.
Rev. E | Page 55 of 56
AD9524
Data Sheet
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
0.30
0.23
0.18
0.60 MAX
0.60 MAX
37
48
1
36
PIN 1
INDICATOR
6.85
6.75 SQ
6.65
0.50
REF
5.25
5.10 SQ
4.95
EXPOSED
PAD
25
0.50
0.40
0.30
TOP VIEW
1.00
0.85
0.80
12
13
24
0.25 MIN
5.50 REF
0.80 MAX
0.65 TYP
12° MAX
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
COPLANARITY
0.08
0.20 REF
SEATING
PLANE
PIN 1
INDICATOR
FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF
THE EXPOSED PAD, REFER TO
THE PIN CONFIGURATION AND
FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
SECTION OF THIS DATA SHEET.
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VKKD-2
06-05-2012-A
7.10
7.00 SQ
6.90
Figure 45. 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ]
7 × 7 mm Body, Very Thin Quad
(CP-48-1)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model1
AD9524BCPZ
AD9524BCPZ-REEL7
AD9524/PCBZ
1
Temperature Range
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
Package Description
48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ]
48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ]
Evaluation Board
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
I2C refers to a communications protocol originally developed by Philips Semiconductors (now NXP Semiconductors).
©2010–2014 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D09081-0-1/14(E)
Rev. E | Page 56 of 56
Package Option
CP-48-1
CP-48-1