TI BQ2084DBTRG4 Sbs v1.1-compliant gas gauge for use with the bq29312 Datasheet

RTT
bq2084-V143
DBT
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
SBS v1.1-COMPLIANT GAS GAUGE FOR
USE WITH THE bq29312
FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Provides Accurate Measurement of Available
Charge in Li-Ion and Li-Polymer Batteries
Supports the Smart Battery Specification
(SBS) V1.1
Integrated Time Base Removes Need for
External Crystal with Optional Crystal input
Works With the TI bq29312 Analog Front-End
(AFE) Protection IC to Provide Complete Pack
Electronics for 7.2-V, 10.8-V or 14.4-V Battery
Packs With Few External Components
Based on a Powerful Low-Power RISC CPU
Core With High-Performance Peripherals
Integrated Flash Memory Eliminates the Need
for External Configuration EEPROM
Uses 16-Bit Delta Sigma Converter for
Accurate Voltage and Temperature
Measurements
Measures Charge Flow Using a High
Resolution 16-Bit Integrating Converter
– Better Than 0.65-nVh of Resolution
– Self-Calibrating
– Offset Error Less Than 1-µV
Programmable Cell Modeling for Maximum
Battery Fuel Gauge Accuracy
Drives 3-, 4-, or 5-Segment LED Display for
Remaining Capacity Indication
Available in a 38-Pin TSSOP (DBT) Package
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
Notebook PCs
Medical and Test Equipment
Portable Instrumentation
DESCRIPTION
The bq2084-V143 SBS-compliant gas gauge IC for
battery pack or in-system installation maintains an
accurate record of available charge in Li-ion or
Li-polymer batteries. The bq2084-V143 monitors
capacity and other critical parameters of the battery
pack and reports the information to the system host
controller over a serial communication bus. It is
designed to work with the bq29312 AFE protection
IC to maximize functionality and safety and minimize
component count and cost in smart battery circuits.
Using information from the bq2084-V143, the host
controller can manage remaining battery power to
extend the system run time as much as possible.
The bq2084-V143 uses an integrating converter with
continuous sampling for the measurement of battery
charge and discharge currents. Optimized for
coulomb counting in portable applications, the
self-calibrating integrating converter has a resolution
better than 0.65-nVh and an offset measurement
error of less than 1-µV (typical). For voltage and
temperature reporting, the bq2084-V143 uses a
16-bit A-to-D converter. With the bq29312, the
onboard ADC also monitors the pack and individual
cell voltages in a battery pack and allows the
bq2084-V143 to generate the control signals
necessary to implement the cell balancing and the
required safety protection for Li-ion and Li-polymer
battery chemistries.
The bq2084-V143 supports the Smart Battery Data
(SBData) commands and charge-control functions. It
communicates data using the System Management
Bus (SMBus) 2-wire protocol. The data available
include
the
battery's
remaining
capacity,
temperature, voltage, current, and remaining
run-time predictions.
The bq2084-V143 provides LED drivers and a
pushbutton input to depict remaining battery capacity
from full to empty in 20%, 25%, or 33% increments
with a 3-, 4-, or 5-segment display.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2006, Texas Instruments Incorporated
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
DESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)
The bq2084-V143 contains 1k bytes of internal data flash memory, which store configuration information. The
information includes nominal capacity and voltage, self-discharge rate, rate compensation factors, and other
programmable cell-modeling factors used to accurately adjust remaining capacity for use-conditions based on
time, rate, and temperature. The bq2084-V143 also automatically calibrates or learns the true battery capacity in
the course of a discharge cycle from programmable near full to near empty levels.
The bq29312 analog front-end (AFE) protection IC is used to maximize functionality and safety and minimize
component count and cost in smart battery circuits. The bq29312 AFE protection IC provides power to the
bq2084-V143 from a 2-, 3-, or 4-series Li-ion cell stack, eliminating the need for an external regulator circuit.
ORDERING INFORMATION
PACKAGE (1)
TA
38-PIN TSSOP
–20°C to 85°C
(1)
(2)
(3)
(DBT) (2)
bq2084DBT-V143
36-PIN QFN (RTT) (3)
bq2084RTT-V143
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end
of this document, or see the TI Web site at www.ti.com.
The bq2084DBT-V141 is available in tape and reel. Add an R suffix to the device type (e.g.,
bq2084DBTR-V141) to order tape and reel version.
The bq2084RTT-V140 is available in tape and reel only. Add an T suffix to the device type (e.g.,
bq2084RTTT-V140) to order mini tape and reel version.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted (1)
UNIT
Supply voltage range, VDD relative to VSS
(2)
–0.3 V to 4.1 V
Open-drain I/O pins, V(IOD) relative to VSS (2)
–0.3 V to 6 V
Input voltage range to all other pins, VI relative to VSs (2)
TA
Operating free-air temperature range
–20°C to 85°C
Tstg
Storage temperature range
–65°C to 150°C
(1)
(2)
2
–0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VSS refers to the common node of V(SSA), V(SSD), and V(SSP).
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VDD = 3 V to 3.6 V, TA = –20°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
VDD
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
3
3.3
3.6
Supply voltage
VDDA and VDDD
IDD
Operating mode current
No flash programming
or LEDs active
I(SLP)
Low-power storage mode current
Sleep mode
VOL
Output voltage low SMBC, SMBD, SDATA, SCLK, SAFE,
PU
IOL = 0.5 mA
0.4
LED1-LED5
IOL = 10 mA
0.4
VIL
VIH
µA
8
µA
–0.3
0.8
DISP
–0.3
0.8
Input voltage high SMBC, SMBD, SDATA, SCLK, EVENT,
PU, PRES, PFIN
2
6
DISP
2
VDD + 0.3
Input voltage range VIN, TS
V(AI2)
Input voltage range SR1, SR2
Z(AI1)
Input impedance SR1, SR2
–0.25 V to 0.25 V
Z(AI2)
Input impedance VIN, TS
0 V–1 V
V
380
Input voltage low SMBC, SMBD, SDATA, SCLK, EVENT,
PU, PRES, PFIN
V(AI1)
UNIT
VSS – 0.3
1.0
VSS – 0.25
0.25
V
V
V
V
V
2.5
MΩ
8
MΩ
POWER-ON RESET
Negative-going voltage input
2.1
2.3
2.5
V
Vhys
Power-on reset hysteresis
50
125
200
mV
POWER ON RESET BEHAVIOR
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
2.50
140
2.45
135
2.40
130
VIT-
2.35
125
2.30
120
2.25
115
Vhys
2.20
110
2.15
105
2.10
-20 -10
V hys - Hysterisis Voltage - mV
V IT - Negative Going Input Threshold Voltage - V
VIT+
100
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C
INTEGRATING ADC CHARACTERISTICS
VDD = 3 V to 3.6 V, TA = –20°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
V(SR)
Input voltage range, V(SR2) and V(SR1)
V(SROS)
Input offset
INL
Integral nonlinearity error
TEST CONDITIONS
VSR = V(SR2)– V(SR1)
MIN
TYP
–0.25
MAX
0.25
1
FAST = 0, –0.1 V to 0.8 x Vref
Submit Documentation Feedback
0.004%
UNIT
V
mV
0.018%
3
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
PLL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS
VDD = 3 V to 3.6 V, TA = –20°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
t(SP)
(1)
Start-up time
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP MAX
±0.5% frequency error
(1)
2
5
UNIT
ms
The frequency error is measured from the trimmed frequency of the internal system clock, which is 128 x oscillator frequency, nominally
4.194 MHz.
OSCILLATOR
VDD = 3 V to 3.6 V, TA = –20°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted) (TYP: VDD = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C)
PARAMETER
f(eio)
Frequency error from 32.768 kHz
f(dio)
Frequency drift (1)
f(sio)
f(sxo)
(1)
(2)
TEST CONDITIONS
ROSC = 100k
XCK1 = 12 pF XTAL
ROSC = 100k, TA = 0°C to 50°C
Start-up time (2)
MIN
TYP
MAX
–2%
0.5%
2%
–0.25%
UNIT
0.25%
–1%
1%
ROSC = 100k
200
µs
XCK1 = 12 pF XTAL
250
ms
The frequency drift is measured from the trimmed frequency at VDD = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C.
The start-up time is defined as the time it takes for the oscillator output frequency to be ±1%
DATA FLASH MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS
VDD = 3 V to 3.6 V, TA = –20°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
Data retention
See
(1)
10
Flash programming write-cycles
See
(1)
20k
t(WORDPROG)
Word programming time
See
(1)
I(DDPROG)
Flash-write supply current
See
(1)
tDR
(1)
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Years
Cycles
2
ms
8
12
mA
TYP
MAX
UNIT
10
100
nA
Specified by design. Not production tested.
REGISTER BACKUP
PARAMETER
I(RBI)
RBI data-retention input current
V(RBI)
RBI data-retention voltage
(1)
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
VRBI > 2 V, VDD < VIT
(1)
1.3
V
Specified by design. Not production tested.
SMBus TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
VDD = 3 V to 3.6 V, TA = -20°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
SMBus operating frequency
Slave mode, SMBC 50% duty cycle
f(MAS)
SMBus master clock frequency
Master mode, no clock low slave extend
t(BUF)
Bus free time between start and stop
T(HD:STA)
Hold time after (repeated) start
t(SU:STA)
Repeated start setup time
t(SU:STO)
Stop setup time
t(HD:DAT)
Data hold time
tSU:DAT)
Data setup time
t(TIMEOUT)
Error signal/detect
t(LOW)
Clock low period
(1)
4
TEST CONDITIONS
f(SMB)
MIN
TYP MAX
UNIT
10
100
kHz
51.2
kHz
4.7
µs
4
µs
4.7
µs
4
µs
Receive mode
0
Transmit mode
300
ns
250
See
(1)
25
4.7
The bq2084-V143 times out when any clock low exceeds t(TIMEOUT).
Submit Documentation Feedback
ns
35
ms
µs
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
SMBus TIMING SPECIFICATIONS (continued)
VDD = 3 V to 3.6 V, TA = -20°C to 85°C unless otherwise noted
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP MAX
4
UNIT
t(HIGH)
Clock high period
See
(2)
50
µs
tLOW:SEXT)
Cumulative clock low slave extend time
See
(3)
25
ms
tLOW:MEXT
Cumulative clock low master extend time
See
(4)
10
ms
tf
Clock/data fall time
(VILMAX – 0.15 V) to (VIHMIN + 0.15 V)
300
ns
tr
Clock/data rise time
0.9 VDD to (VILMAX– 0.15 V)
1000
ns
(2)
(3)
(4)
t(HIGH) Max. is minimum bus idle time. SMBC = 1 for t > 50 ms causes reset of any transaction involving bq2084-V143 that is in
progress.
t(LOW:SEXT) is the cumulative time a slave device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.
t(LOW:MEXT) is the cumulative time a master device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.
SMBus TIMING DIAGRAMS
Submit Documentation Feedback
5
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
SYSTEM DIAGRAM
Discharge / Charge /
Pre-Charge FET s
Fuse
Pack +
Pre-Charge Control
Fail-Safe
Protection
Power Management
LDO, TOUT and Power Mode Control
Pres
Temperature Measurement
<1% Error
1 k Bytes of
User Flash
bq29312
PF Input
TINT
32 kHz Clock
Generator
PCH FET Drive
Pre-Charge
FET Drive
3.3 V
Cell Balancing
Drive
2nd Level Overvoltage Protection
bq2084−V143
LDO, Therm Output Drive and UVLO
T1
System
Watchdog
Delay Counters
System Interface
RAM Registers
32 kHz
Cell Balancing Algorithm and Control
SBS v1.1 Data
SMBus
System Interface
I2C
bq29312 RAM/Comms V alidation
1 st Level OC
Protection
1 st Level OV and
UV Protection
Pack Under
Voltage Power
Mode Control
Cell and Pack
Voltage
Measurement
Power Mode Control
2-Tier Overcurrent Protection
Capacity Prediction <1% Error
Voltage Level T ranslator
Pack −
Sense Resistor
(5 to 30 m Ω)
VIN
1
38
VSSD
TS
2
37
NC
VSSA
3
36
NC
PU
6
4
CLKOUT
34
XCK1/VSSA
SDATA
RBI
33
32
31
PRES
VSSD
34
SCLK
SAFE
35
VDDD
N/C
36
30
29
28
27
1
26
PU
DISP
2
25
VIN
PFIN
3
24
TS
VSSD
4
23
VSSD
22
VSSD
SMBD
35
SMBC
TSSOP (DBT)
(TOP VIEW)
N/C
QFN (RTT)
(TOP VIEW)
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
PRES
5
SCLK
6
33
XCK2/ROSC
LED5
5
30
VSSA
LED2
8
19
XCK1 / VSSA
10
29
VSSA
VSSD
11
28
SR1
SAFE
12
27
SR2
NC
13
26
MRST
NC
14
25
EVENT
SMBC
15
24
LED1
SMBD
16
23
LED2
DISP
17
22
LED3
PFIN
18
21
LED4
VSSD
19
20
LED5
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
XCK2 / ROSC
9
FILT
CLKOUT
RBI
SDATA
VSSA
N/C
20
VDDA
21
7
SR1
6
LED3
VSSA
LED4
VDDA
SR2
FILT
31
MRST
32
8
EVENT
7
LED1
NC
VDDD
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Terminal Functions
TERMINAL
NAME
NO.
TSSOP
NO.
QFN
I/O
DESCRIPTION
DISP
17
2
I
Display control for the LED drivers LED1 through LED5
CLKOUT
35
20
O
32.768-kHz output to the bq29312
FILT
32
17
I
Analog input connected to the external PLL filter
EVENT
25
10
I
Input from bq29312 XALERT output
LED1
24
9
O
LED2
23
8
O
LED3
22
7
O
LED4
21
6
O
LED5
20
5
O
26
11
I
Master reset input that forces the device into reset when held high
7, 13, 14, 36,
37
21, 29, 35
–
No connection
MRST
NC
LED display segments that each may drive an external LED
PFIN
18
3
I
Active low input to detect secondary protector output status
PRES
5
27
I
Active low input to sense system insertion
PU
4
26
O
Output to pull up the PRES pin for detection
RBI
9
31
I
Register backup that provides backup potential to the bq2084-V143 data
registers during periods of low operating voltage. RBI accepts a storage
capacitor or a battery input.
SAFE
12
34
O
Active low output for additional level of safety protection; e.g., fuse blow.
SCLK
6
28
O
Communication clock to the bq29312
SDATA
10
32
I/O
Data transfer to and from bq29312
SMBC
15
36
I/O
SMBus clock open-drain bidirectional pin used to clock the data transfer to and
from the bq2084-V143
SMBD
16
1
I/O
SMBus data open-drain bidirectional pin used to transfer address and data to
and from the bq2084-V143
SR1
28
13
I
SR2
27
12
I
Connections for a small-value sense resistor to monitor the battery charge- and
discharge-current flow
TS
2
24
I
Thermistor voltage input connection to monitor temperature
VDDA
31
16
I
Positive supply for analog circuitry
VDDD
8
30
I
Positive supply for digital circuitry and I/O pins
VIN
1
25
I
Single-cell voltage input from the bq29312
VSSA
3, 29, 30
14, 15
I
Negative supply for analog circuitry
VSSD
11, 19, 38
4, 22, 23, 33
I
Negative supply for digital circuitry
XCK1/VSSA
34
19
I
32.768-kHz crystal oscillator input pin or connected to VSSA if the internal
oscillator is used
XCK2/ROSC
33
18
O
32.768-kHz crystal oscillator output pin or connected to a 100-kΩ, 50 ppm or
better resistor if the internal oscillator is used
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
OSCILLATOR FUNCTION
The oscillator of the bq2084-V143 can be set up for an internal or external operation. As the bq2084-V143
powers up it automatically attempts to start the internal oscillator, but if a 100-kΩ resistor is not connected to
ROSC (pin 33), then it attempts to start the oscillator using an external 32.768-kHz crystal. Either the 100-kΩ
ROSC resistor OR the 12 pF 32.768-kHz crystal should be mounted, NOT both.
The performance of the internal oscillator depends on the tolerance of the 100-kΩ resistor connected between
Submit Documentation Feedback
7
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (continued)
RSOC (pin 33) and VSSA (pin 34). It is recommended that this resistor be as close to the bq2084-V143 as
possible and that it has a specification of ±0.1% tolerance and ±50 ppm temperature drift or better. The 12-pF
crystal, if used, should also be placed as close to the XCK1 (pin 34) and XCK2 (pin 33) pins as possible. The
layout of the PCB around these pins and components is also an additional contributing factor to oscillator
performance degradation.
The average temperature drift error of the oscillator function over a learning charge or discharge cycle
introduces an equal capacity prediction error in a learned full charge capacity (FCC).
SYSTEM PRESENT OPERATION
When the bq2084-V143 detects that the battery is inserted into the system via a low state on the PRES input,
the bq2084-V143 enters normal operating mode and sets the PRES bit in PackStatus(). The discharge FET
turns on within 250 ms of pack insertion. When the pack is removed from the system and the PRES input is
high, then the bq2084-V143 enters the battery removed state and turns OFF the charge and discharge FETs,
and enables the 0-V/precharging FET. If NR in Misc Config is set, then the PRES input can be left floating as it
is not used.
GENERAL OPERATION
The bq2084-V143 determines battery capacity by monitoring the amount of charge input or removed from a
rechargeable battery. In addition to measuring charge and discharge, the bq2084-V143 measures individual cell
voltages, pack voltage, temperature, and current, estimates battery self-discharge, and monitors the battery for
low-voltage thresholds using features of the bq29312 AFE device.
The bq2084-V143 measures charge and discharge activity by monitoring the voltage across a small-value series
sense resistor between the cell stack negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The
available battery charge is determined by monitoring this voltage and correcting the measurement for
environmental and operating conditions.
The bq2084-V143 interfaces with the bq29312 to perform battery protection, cell balancing, and voltage
translation functions. The bq2084-V143 can accept any NTC thermistor (default is Semitec 103AT) for
temperature measurement or can also be configured to use its internal temperature sensor. The bq2084-V143
uses temperature to monitor the battery pack and to compensate the self-discharge estimate.
MEASUREMENTS
The bq2084-V143 uses an integrating sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for current measurement
and a second sigma-delta ADC for individual cell and battery voltage and temperature measurement. The
individual cell and pack voltages, Voltage(), Current(), AverageCurrent() and Temperature() are updated every 1
s during normal operation.
CHARGE AND DISCHARGE COUNTING
The integrating ADC measures the charge and discharge flow of the battery by monitoring a small-value sense
resistor between the SR1 and SR2 pins. The integrating ADC measures bipolar signals from -0.25 V to 0.25µV.
The bq2084-V143 detects charge activity when VSR = V(SR1)-V(SR2) is positive and discharge activity when
VSR = V(SR1)-V(SR2) is negative. The bq2084-V143 continuously integrates the signal over time, using an
internal counter. The fundamental rate of the counter is 0.65 nVh. The bq2084-V143 updates
RemainingCapacity() with the charge or discharge accumulated in this internal counter once every second.
OFFSET CALIBRATION
The bq2084-V143 provides an auto-calibration feature to cancel the voltage offset error across SR1 and SR2 for
maximum charge measurement accuracy. The bq2084-V143 performs auto-calibration when the SMBus lines
stay low for a minimum of 20 s when it internally connects SR1 to SR2 and measures the internal offset. With
this feature the bq2084-V143 is capable of automatic offset calibration down to <1 µV.
8
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION (continued)
DIGITAL FILTER
The bq2084-V143 does not measure charge or discharge counts below the digital filter threshold. The digital
filter threshold is programmed in the Digital Filter DF 0x2c and should be set sufficiently high to prevent false
signal detection with no charge or discharge flowing through the sense resistor.
VOLTAGE
While monitoring SR1 and SR2 for charge and discharge currents, the bq2084-V143 monitors the individual
series cell voltages through the bq29312. The bq2084-V143 configures the bq29312 to present the selected cell
to the CELL pin of the bq29312, which should be connected to VIN of the bq2084-V143. The internal ADC of the
bq2084-V143 then measures the voltage and scales it appropriately. The bq2084-V143 then reports the
Voltage() and the individual cell voltages in VCELL1(), VCELL2(), VCELL3(), and VCELL4(). An additional
SMBus command (0x45) returns the measured ADC Reading of the PACK input to the AFE.
CURRENT
The bq2084-V143 uses the SR1 and SR2 inputs to measure and calculate the battery charge and discharge
current. This value is reported via the SBS command Current(). AverageCurrent() is implemented as a
single-pole IIR filter with a 14.5-s time constant.
TEMPERATURE
The TS input of the bq2084-V143 along with an NTC thermistor measures the battery temperature as shown in
the schematic. The bq2084-V143 reports temperature via the SBS command Temperature().
The bq2084-V143 can also be configured to use its internal temperature sensor by setting the IT bit in Misc
Configuration DF 0x2a-0x2b. Data flash locations DF 0xb5 through DF 0xc0 also have to be changed to
prescribed values if the internal temperature sensor option is selected.
Table 1. Data Flash Settings for Internal or External Temperature Sensor
LABEL
LOCATION
INTERNAL TEMP
SENSOR SETTING
EXTERNAL TEMP SENSOR SETTING
(Semitec 103AT)
Dec (Hex)
Dec (Hex)
Dec (Hex)
Misc. Config
42 (0x2a)
TS Const1 A3
164/5 (0xb5/6)
Bit 7 = 1
Bit 7 = 0
0 (0x0000)
–28285 (0x9183)
TS Const2 A2
TS Const3 A1
166/7 (0xb7/8)
0 (0x0000)
20848 (0x5170)
168/9 (0xb9/a)
–11136 (0xd480)
–7537 (0xe28f)
TS Const4 A0
170/1 (0xbb/c)
5734 (0x1666)
4012 (0x0fac)
Min Temp AD
172/3 (0xbd/e)
0 (0x0000)
0 (0x000)
Max Temp
174/5 (0xbf/c0)
5734 (0x1666)
4012 (0x0fac)
GAS GAUGE OPERATION
General
The operational overview in Figure 1 illustrates the gas gauge operation of the bq2084-V143. Table 3 describes
the bq2084-V143 registers.
Submit Documentation Feedback
9
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Figure 1. bq2084-V143 Gas Gauging Operational Overview
The bq2084-V143 accumulates a measure of charge and discharge currents and estimates self-discharge of the
battery. The bq2084-V143 compensates the charge current measurement for temperature and state-of-charge of
the battery. The bq2084-V143 also adjusts the self-discharge estimation based on temperature.
The main charge counter RemainingCapacity() (RM) represents the available capacity or energy in the battery at
any given time. The bq2084-V143 adjusts RM for charge, self-discharge, and other compensation factors. The
information in the RM register is accessible through the SMBus interface and is also represented through the
LED display.
The FullChargeCapacity() (FCC) register represents the last measured learned full discharge of the battery. It is
used as the battery full-charge reference for relative capacity indication. The bq2084-V143 updates FCC after
the battery undergoes a qualified discharge from nearly full to a low battery level. FCC is accessible through the
SMBus interface.
The Discharge Count Register (DCR) is a non-accessible register that tracks discharge of the battery. The
bq2084-V143 uses the DCR register to update the FCC register if the battery undergoes a qualified discharge
from nearly full to a low battery level. In this way, the bq2084-V143 learns the true discharge capacity of the
battery under system-use conditions.
Main Gas-Gauge Registers
RemainingCapacity() (RM)
RM represents the remaining capacity in the battery. The bq2084-V143 computes RM in units of either mAh or
10 mWh depending on the selected mode. See Battery Mode() (0x03) for units configuration. RM counts up
during charge to a maximum value of FullChargeCapacity() (FCC) and down during discharge and
self-discharge to a minimum of 0. In addition to charge and self-discharge compensation, the bq2084-V143
calibrates RM at three low-battery-voltage thresholds, EDV2, EDV1, and EDV0 and three programmable
midrange thresholds VOC25, VOC50, and VOC75. This provides a voltage-based calibration to the RM counter.
10
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
DesignCapacity () (DC)
DC is the user-specified battery full capacity. It is calculated from Pack Capacity DF 0x32-0x33 and is
represented in units of mAh or 10 mWh. It also represents the full-battery reference for the absolute display
mode.
FullChargeCapacity() (FCC)
FCC is the last learned measured discharge capacity of the battery. It is represented in units of either mAh or 10
mWh, depending on the selected mode. On initialization, the bq2084-V143 sets FCC to the value stored in Full
Charge Capacity DF 0x36-0x37. During subsequent discharges, the bq2084-V143 updates FCC with the last
learned measured discharge capacity of the battery. The last learned measured discharge of the battery is
based on the value in the Discharge Count Register (DCR) after a qualified discharge occurs. Once updated, the
bq2084-V143 writes the new FCC value to data flash in mAh to Full Charge Capacity. FCC represents the
full-battery reference for the relative display mode, relative state of charge and AtRate() calculations.
Discharge Count Register (DCR)
The DCR register counts up during discharge, independent of RM. DCR counts discharge activity, battery load
estimation, and self-discharge increments. The bq2084-V143 initializes DCR, at the beginning of a discharge, to
FCC - RM when FCC - RM is within the programmed value in Near Full DF 0x30. The DCR initial value of FCC RM is reduced by FCC/128 if SC = 1 (bit 5 in Gauge Configuration) and is not reduced if SC = 0. DCR stops
counting when the battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold on discharge.
Capacity Learning (FCC Update) and Qualified Discharge
The bq2084-V143 updates FCC with an amount based on the value in DCR if a qualified discharge occurs. The
new value for FCC equals the DCR value plus the programmable nearly full and low battery levels, according to
the following equation:
FCC (new) = DCR (final) = DCR (initial) + Measured Discharge to EDV2 + (FCC x Battery Low%)
here Battery Low % = (value stored in DF 0x2f) ÷ 2.56
A qualified discharge occurs if the battery discharges from RM = FCC - Near Full to the EDV2 voltage threshold
with the following conditions:
• No more than 256 mAh of self-discharge or battery load estimation occurs during the discharge period.
• The temperature does not drop below the low temperature threshold programmed in Learning Low Temp DF
0xac during the discharge period.
• The battery voltage reaches the EDV2 threshold during the discharge period, and the voltage is greater than
or equal to the EDV2 threshold minus 256 mV when the bq2084-V143 detects EDV2.
• No midrange voltage correction occurs during the discharge period.
• Current remains ≤ 3C/32 when EDV2 or Battery Low % level is reached.
• No overload condition exists when EDV2 threshold is reached, or if RM() has dropped to Battery Low% x
FCC,
• No valid charge activity occurs during the discharge period. A valid charge is defined as an uninterrupted
charge of 10 mAh into the battery.
The bq2084-V143 sets VDQ = 1 in PackStatus() when qualified discharge begins. The bq2084-V143 sets VDQ
= 0 if any disqualifying condition occurs. FCC cannot be reduced by more than 256 mAh or increased by more
than 512 mAh during any single update cycle. The bq2084-V143 saves the new FCC value to the data flash
within 4 seconds of being updated.
End-of-Discharge Thresholds and Capacity Correction
The bq2084-V143 monitors the battery for three low-voltage thresholds, EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. The EDV
thresholds can be programmed for determination based on the overall pack voltage or an individual cell level.
The EDVV bit in Pack Configuration DF 0x28 configures the bq2084-V143 for overall voltage or single-cell EDV
thresholds. If programmed for single-cell EDV determination, the bq2084-V143 determines EDV on the basis of
the lowest single-cell voltage. Fixed EDV thresholds must be programmed in EMF/EDV0 DF 0x95-0x96, EDV C0
Factor/EDV1 DF 0x97-0x98, and EDV R Factor/EDV2 DF 0x99-0x9a.
If the CEDV bit in Gauge Configuration DF 0x29 is set, automatic compensated EDVs are enabled and the
Submit Documentation Feedback
11
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
bq2084-V143 computes the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 voltage thresholds based on the values in DF 0x95-0xa0
and the battery's current discharge rate and temperature. If FEDV0 in Gauge Configuration is also set then
EDV0 is not compensated. The bq2084-V143 disables EDV detection if Current( ) exceeds the Overload Current
threshold programmed in DF 0x5b-DF 0x5c. The bq2084-V143 resumes EDV threshold detection after Current( )
drops below the Overload Current threshold. Any EDV threshold detected is reset after charge is detected and
VDQ is cleared after 10 mAh of charge.
The bq2084-V143 uses the EDV thresholds to apply voltage-based corrections to the RM register according to
Table 2.
Table 2. State-of-Charge Based on Low Battery Voltage
THRESHOLD
RELATIVE STATE OF CHARGE
EDV0
0%
EDV1
3%
EDV2
Battery Low %
The bq2084-V143 performs EDV-based RM adjustments with Current()≤ C/32. No EDV flags are set if current <
C/32.
The bq2084-V143 adjusts RM as it detects each threshold. If the voltage threshold is reached before the
corresponding capacity on discharge, the bq2084-V143 reduces RM to the appropriate amount as shown in
Table 2.
If an RM % level is reached on discharge before the voltage reaches the corresponding threshold, then RM is
held at that % level until the threshold is reached. RM is only held if VDQ = 1, indicating a valid learning cycle is
in progress. If Battery Low % is set to zero, EDV1 and EDV0 corrections are disabled.
EDV Thresholds and Near-Full Programming
The bq2084-V143 uses the values stored in data flash for the EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 values or calculates the
three thresholds from a base value and the temperature, capacity, and rate adjustment factors stored in data
flash. If EDV compensation is disabled, then EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 are stored directly in mV in DF 0x95-0x96,
DF 0x97-0x98, and DF 0x99-0x9a, respectively.
For capacity correction at EDV2, Battery Low % DF 0x2f can be set at a desired state-of-charge,
STATEOFCHARGE%, in the range of 3-19%. Typical values for STATEOFCHARGE% are 5-7%, representing
5-7% capacity.
Battery Low % = (STATEOFCHARGE% x 2.56)
The bq2084-V143 updates FCC if a qualified discharge occurs from a near-full threshold of FCC - Near Full,
until EDV2 condition is reached. The desired near-full threshold window is programmed in Near Full in DF 0x30,
0x31 in mAh.
EDV Discharge Rate and Temperature Compensation Programming
If EDV compensation is enabled, the bq2084-V143 calculates battery voltage to determine EDV0, EDV1, and
EDV2 thresholds as a function of battery capacity, temperature, and discharge load. The general equation for
EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 calculation is
EDV0,1,2 = n (EMF × FBL – | ILOAD | × R0 × FTZ)
EMF is a no-load cell voltage higher than the highest cell EDV threshold computed. EMF is programmed
in mV in EMF/EDV1 DF 0x95-0x96.
ILOAD is the current discharge load magnitude.
n = the number of series cells
FBL is the factor that adjusts the EDV voltage for battery capacity and temperature to match the no-load
characteristics of the battery.
FBL = f ( C0, C + C1, T )
12
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
C (either 0%, 3%, or Battery Low % for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2, respectively) and C0 are the
capacity-related EDV adjustment factors. C0 is programmed in EDV C0 Factor/EDV1 DF 0x97-98. C1 is
the desired residual battery capacity remaining at EDV0 (RM = 0). The C1 factor is stored in EDV C1
Factor DF 0xa0.
T is the current temperature in °K.
R0 × FTZ represents the resistance of a cell as a function of temperature and capacity.
FTZ = f ( R1, T0, T, C + C1, TC)
R0 is the first order rate dependency factor stored in EDV R0 Factor/EDV2 DF 0x99-0x9a.
T is the current temperature; C is the battery capacity relating to EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2.
R1 adjusts the variation of impedance with battery capacity. R1 is programmed in EDV R1 Rate Factor
DF 0x9d-0x9e.
T0 adjusts the variation of impedance with battery temperature. T0 is programmed in EDV T0 Rate
Factor DF 0x9b-0x9c.
TC adjusts the variation of impedance for cold temperatures (T < 23°C). TC is programmed in EDV TC
DF 0x9f.
Typical values for the EDV compensation factors, based on overall pack voltages for a Li-ion 3s2p 18650 pack,
are:
EMF = 11550/3
T0 = 4475
C0 = 235
C1 = 0
R0 = 5350/3
R1 = 250
TC = 3
Submit Documentation Feedback
13
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Table 3. bq2084-V143 Register Functions
FUNCTION
COMMAND CODE
ACCESS
UNITS
ManufacturerAccess
0x00
Read/write
NA
RemainingCapacityAlarm
0x01
Read/write
mAh, 10 mWh
RemainingTimeAlarm
0x02
Read/write
minutes
BatteryMode
0x03
Read/write
NA
AtRate
0x04
Read/write
mA, 10 mW
AtRateTimeToFull
0x05
Read
minutes
AtRateTimeToEmpty
0x06
Read
minutes
AtRateOK
0x07
Read
Boolean
Temperature
0x08
Read
0.1°K
Voltage
0x09
Read
mV
Current
0x0a
Read
mA
AverageCurrent
0x0b
Read
mA
MaxError
0x0c
Read
percent
RelativeStateOfCharge
0x0d
Read
percent
AbsoluteStateOfCharge
0x0e
Read
percent
RemainingCapacity
0x0f
Read
mAh, 10 mWh
FullChargeCapacity
0x10
Read
mAh, 10 mWh
RunTimeToEmpty
0x11
Read
minutes
AverageTimeToEmpty
0x12
Read
minutes
AverageTimeToFull
0x13
Read
minutes
ChargingCurrent
0x14
Read
mA
ChargingVoltage
0x15
Read
mV
Battery Status
0x16
Read
NA
CycleCount
0x17
Read
cycles
DesignCapacity
0x18
Read
mAh, 10 mWh
DesignVoltage
0x19
Read
mV
SpecificationInfo
0x1a
Read
NA
ManufactureDate
0x1b
Read
NA
SerialNumber
0x1c
Read
integer
Reserved
0x1d-0x1f
0
0
ManufacturerName
0x20
Read
string
DeviceName
0x21
Read
string
DeviceChemistry
0x22
Read
string
ManufacturerData
0x23
Read
string
Pack status
0x2f (LSB)
Read
NA
Pack configuration
0x2f (MSB)
Read
NA
VCELL4
0x3c
Read
mV
VCELL3
0x3d
Read
mV
VCELL2
0x3e
Read
mV
VCELL1
0x3f
Read
mV
VPACK
0x45
Read
mV
AFEData
0x46
Read
hex
Aging Factor
The bq2084-V143 adds a new aging factor called DF: Age Factor which scales cell impedances as the cycle
count increases. This new factor is used to accommodate for much higher impedances observed in larger
capacity and/or aged cells. For most applications the default value of zero is sufficient. However, for some very
14
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
specific applications, this new aging factor may be required. In those cases, experimental data must be taken at
the 0, 100, 200, and 300 cycle read points using a typical discharge rate while at ambient temperature. Entering
this data into a TI provided MathCAD program will yield the appropriate DF: Age Factor value. Contact TI
Applications Support @ http://www-k.ext.ti.com/sc/technical-support/email-tech-support.asp?AAP for more
detailed information.
Watch Dog Re-Initialization
The bq2084-V143 adds a new feature which periodically tests the state of two registers required to produce the
32kHz signal to the AFE.
The two registers which configure a 32kHz clock output to the AFE are checked once per second in normal
operation, sleep mode, and permanent failure mode. If the register contents are incorrect, they are corrected, up
to a maximum number of corrections, as set by a new data flash configuration constant called Max 32k Reinit.
After the maximum number of corrections has been exceeded, if the 32kHz clock output is lost, then a watchdog
failure (WDF) occurs in the AFE. As a result of the WDF, the AFE turns all the FETS off. At this point the WDF
can only be corrected by a full reset.
Self-Discharge
The bq2084-V143 estimates the self-discharge of the battery to maintain an accurate measure of the battery
capacity during periods of inactivity. The bq2084-V143 makes self-discharge adjustments to RM every 1/4 s
when awake and periodically (determined by Sleep Timer DF 0xfe) when in sleep mode. The self-discharge
estimation rate for 25°C is doubled for each 10 degrees above 25°C or halved for each 10 degrees below 25°C.
Table 4 shows the relation of the self-discharge estimation at a given temperature to the rate programmed for
25°C (Y% per day programmed in DF 0x2d).
Table 4. Self-Discharge for Rate Programmed
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SELF-DISCHARGE RATE
Temp < 10
1/4 Y% per day
10 ≤ Temp <20
½ Y% per day
20 ≤ Temp <30
Y% per day
30 ≤ Temp <40
2Y% per day
40 ≤ Temp <50
4Y% per day
50 ≤ Temp <60
8Y% per day
60 ≤ Temp <70
16Y% per day
70 ≤ Temp
32Y% per day
The nominal self-discharge rate, %PERDAY (% per day), is programmed in an 8-bit value Self-Discharge Rate
DF 0x2d by the following relation:
Self-Discharge Rate = %PERDAY/ 0.01
Battery Electronic Load Compensation
The bq2084-V143 can be configured to compensate for a constant load (as from battery electronics) present in
the battery pack at all times. The bq2084-V143 applies the compensation continuously when the charge or
discharge is below the digital filter. The bq2084-V143 applies the compensation (BEL) in addition to
self-discharge. The compensation occurs at a rate determined by the value stored in Electronics Load DF 0x2e.
The compensation range is 0 µA-765 µA in steps of approximately 3 µA. The data is stored as follows:
Electronics Load = BEL / 3
Midrange Capacity Corrections
The bq2084-V143 applies midrange capacity corrections when the VCOR bit is set in Gauge Configuration DF
0x29. The bq2084-V143 adjusts RM to the associated percentage at three different voltage levels: VOC25,
VOC50, and VOC75. The VOC values represent the open-circuit battery voltage at which RM corresponds to the
associated percentage for each threshold.
Submit Documentation Feedback
15
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
For the midrange corrections to occur, the temperature must be in the range of 19°C to 31°C inclusive and
Current() and AverageCurrent() must both report between -64 mA and 0. The bq2084-V143 makes midrange
corrections as shown in Table 5. For a correction to occur, the bq2084-V143 must detect the need for correction
twice during subsequent 20-s intervals. With the VCOR bit set, the bq2084-V143 makes midrange corrections
whenever conditions permit.
If the OTVC bit in Gauge Configuration DF 0x29 is set and VCOR = 0, the bq2084-V143 makes two Voltage()
measurements, determines the average of the two readings and sets the appropriate RM level. No further
RSOC% vs Voltage() validation is performed until after the next device reset.
Table 5. Midrange Corrections
Voltage()
CONDITION
RESULT
≤ VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 63%
RelativeStateOfCharge() → 75%
≤ VOC75 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 87%
RelativeStateOfCharge() → 75%
≤ VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge() <38%
RelativeStateOfCharge() → 50%
<VOC50 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 62%
RelativeStateOfCharge() → 50%
≤ VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 13%
RelativeStateOfCharge() → 25%
< VOC25 and RelativeStateOfCharge() ≤ 37%
RelativeStateOfCharge() → 25%
Three voltage-based thresholds, VOC25 DF 0x88-0x89, VOC50 DF 0x83-0x84, and VOC75 DF 0x7e-0x7f, are
stored in the data flash in mV.
Charge Control
The bq2084-V143 internal charge control is compatible with the constant current/constant voltage profile for
Li-ion. The bq2084-V143 detects primary charge termination on the basis of the tapering charge current during
the constant-voltage phase.
Charging Voltage Broadcasts
The bq2084-V143 supports SBS charge control by broadcasting the ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() to
the Smart Charger address. The bq2084-V143 broadcasts the requests every 10 seconds. The bq2084-V143
updates the values used in the charging current and voltage broadcasts based on the battery's state of charge,
voltage, and temperature.
The 16-bit value (mV) for charging voltage is programmed in Charging Voltage DF 0x03a-0x3b although it can
be set to 0 in different operating conditions. It also sets the base value for determining overvoltage conditions
during charging and voltage compliance during a constant-voltage charging methodology.
The 16-bit value, Over Voltage Margin DF 0x5d-0x5e, sets the limit over ChargingVoltage() in mV that is to be
considered as an overvoltage charge-suspension condition.
Charging Current Broadcasts
ChargingCurrent() values are either broadcast to a Level 2 smart battery charger or read from the bq2084-V143
by a Level 3 smart battery charger. The ChargingCurrent() may take any of four different values: Fast-Charging
Current DF (0x3e-0x3f), Maintenance Charging Current (DF 0x40-0x41), Precharge Current (0x42-0x43) or 0
depending on charge state and operating conditions.
When fast charge is allowed, the bq2084-V143 sets ChargingCurrent() to the rate programmed in Fast-Charging
Current DF 0x3e-0x3f. Fast-Charging Current is stored in mA.
When fast charge terminates, the bq2084-V143 sets ChargingCurrent() to zero and then to the
MaintenanceCharging Current DF 40 0x41 when the termination condition ceases. The desired maintenance
current is stored in mA.
When Voltage() is less than EDV0, the bq2084-V143 sets ChargingCurrent() to Precharge Current DF 0x42,
0x43. Typically this rate is larger than the maintenance rate to charge a deeply depleted pack up to the point
where it may be fast charged. The desired precharge rate is stored in mA.
16
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
If temperature is between the Charge Inhibit Temp Low (DF0x46) and the precharge threshold PC (°C), the
bq2084-V143 sets ChargingCurrent() to Precharge Current. The threshold is programmed in the Precharge
Temp DF 0x44. The maximal value of precharge temperature threshold setting is 12.7°C.
• Precharge Temp = PC (°C) / 0.1
The bq2084-V143 also sets ChargingCurrent() to the precharge rate if Voltage() is less than the value
programmed in Precharge Voltage DF 0x3c-0x3d. Precharge Voltage is programmed in mV.
Alarm Broadcasts to Smart Charger and Host
If any of the bits 8-15 in BatteryStatus() are set, the bq2084-V143 broadcasts an AlarmWarning() message to
the Host address. If any of the bits 12-15 in BatteryStatus() are set, the bq2084-V143 also sends an
AlarmWarning() message to the Smart Charger address. The bq2084-V143 repeats the AlarmWarning()
messages every 10 seconds until the alarm bits are cleared. All broadcasts can be disabled by setting SM (bit 2)
in Pack Configuration (DF 0x28).
Precharge Qualification
The bq2084-V143 sets ChargingCurrent() to the precharge rate as programmed in Precharge Current DF
0x42-0x43 under the following conditions:
• Voltage: The bq2084-V143 requests the precharge charge rate when any cell voltage drops below the
precharge threshold or when the EDV0 threshold is detected. Once requested, a precharge rate remains
until all cell voltages increase above the precharge threshold and the EDV0 condition does not exist. The
precharge threshold is programmed in Precharge Voltage DF 0x3c-0x3d.
• Temperature: The bq2084-V143 requests the precharge rate when Temperature() is between Charge Inhibit
Temp Low (DF0x46) and the precharge threshold programmed in Precharge Temp 0x44. Temperature( )
must be equal to or greater than the precharge threshold + 3°C to allow the fast-charge rate.
Charge Suspension
The bq2084-V143 may temporarily suspend charge if it detects a charging fault. A charging fault includes the
following conditions.
• Overcurrent: An overcurrent condition exists when the bq2084-V143 measures the charge current to be
greater than Charge OC Threshold (DF 0x12a-0x12b) for a time greater than Charge OC Time (DF 0x12c).
On detecting an overcurrent condition, the bq2084-V143 turns off the Charge FET. If the Nonremovable
Battery bit is not set in Misc Configuration DF 0x2a, then the Discharge FET is turned off also. This condition
is cleared when the pack is removed or if the Nonremovable Battery bit is set in Misc Configuration DF 0x2a
and when a discharge current is detected or when SBS AverageCurrent() is less than the ClearFailCurrent
DF 0x61-0x62 for FaultResetTime DF 0x130.
• Overtemperature: During charging, an overtemperature condition exists when Temperature() is greater than
the Charge Suspend Temp High value programmed in DF 0x6d, 0x6e. On detecting an overtemperature
condition, if enabled by the OT bit in Misc Configuration DF 0x2a, the bq2084-V143 turns off the Charge and
Discharge FETs. The overtemperature condition is cleared when Temperature() is equal to or below Charge
Suspend Temp High Reset (DF 0x6f -0x70). The condition is also cleared if the pack is removed.
• Undertemperature: During charging, an undertemperature condition exists when Temperature() is less than
the Charge Suspend Temp Low in DF 0x79 or Charge Inhibit Temp Low in DF 0x46. On detecting an
undertemperature condition the bq2084-V143 turns off the Charge FET. The undertemperature condition is
cleared when Temperature() is greater than Charge Suspend Temp Low DF 0x79. The condition is also
cleared if the pack is removed. The maximal value of Charge Suspend Temp Low setting is 12.7°C.
• Charging exceeds Max Charging Time in DF 0x10f-0x110. If charging time reaches DF: Max Charge Time,
the Charge FET is turned off. This condition is cleared when the pack detects discharge current or is
removed. In version bq2084-V143 setting Max Charge Time to 0 will disable this feature. Also in version
bq2084-V143, setting Bit 7 (0x80) of DF:MiscConfig2 will suspend the Charge Timer when the SBS. Current
< DF:Chg Detection threshold.
Submit Documentation Feedback
17
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
•
•
Cell or Pack Overvoltage: An overvoltage condition exist when any cell is greater than Cell Over Voltage
Limit in DF 0x63-0x64 or if Voltage() is greater than Charging Voltage in 0x3a-0x3b plus OvervoltageMargin
in 0x5d-05e. This condition is cleared when the pack is removed or if the Nonremovable Battery bit is set in
Misc Configuration DF 0x2a and when a discharge current is detected or when SBS AverageCurrent() is
less than the ClearFailCurrent DF 0x61-0x62 for FaultResetTime DF 0x130. Also, the overvoltage condition
must be cleared by Voltage() less than Charging Voltage in 0x3a-0x3b plus OvervoltageMargin in 0x5d-05e
and all cell voltages less than Cell Over Voltage Reset in DF 0xe0-0xe1.
Charging is also temporarily suspended during pulse-charging, but this is not considered a fault condition.
Pulse Charge
The bq2084-V143 is capable of charge control using a pulse-charging algorithm, which allows for charge control
in systems where the charger does not control current.
The pulse-charging algorithm uses voltage thresholds and associated time limits for control. These are stored as
constants in data flash. The cell voltages are read by the a/d converter every 125 ms during charging. The
voltage used for comparison to the thresholds is the highest cell voltage. These thresholds are set by three data
flash constants: Von Charge Voltage, Voff Charge Voltage, and Vmax Charge Voltage. Von is the lowest of
these, and is the threshold below which the charge FET is turned on, provided the minimum off time (Pulse
Minimum Off Time) has been met. When the voltage crosses the Voff threshold, the maximum on time (Pulse
Maximum On Time) begins to count down. When this time has expired, the charge FET is turned off. Any time
Vmax is exceeded, the charge FET is turned off immediately.
The rules are:
1. If charge FET is on:
a. If voltage above Vmax, turn off.
b. Else if voltage above Voff and max on time expired, turn off.
c. Else count down max on time.
2. If charge FET is off:
a. If voltage below Von and minimum off time, turn on.
b. Else increment off time.
Voltage is sampled every 125 ms; therefore, the minimum off time and maximum on time are in units of 125ms,
and pulse on and off times are integral multiples of 125 ms.
The voltage thresholds can be chosen in such a way that they alter the charge mechanism. If Voff is set equal to
Vmax, then every time this threshold is crossed, the charge FET turns off immediately. This effectively disables
the maximum charge time, so that the Voff threshold has no effect. In this case, the algorithm can be described
as having two voltage thresholds, rather than three. The charge FET simply turns on and off as it crosses the
two thresholds.
The minimum off time can be similarly disabled by setting it to zero or one. Due to the sample interval, the
charge FET always is off for at least one 125-ms cycle.
Thresholds must be chosen carefully to get the desired charging behavior. For example, if Von is set below
charge voltage minus taper voltage, the pack can never detect full charge. During pulse charging, the charge
FET remains off until the cells relax to below the Von voltage, which is below the qualification voltage for full
charge detection.
During cycle phase of pulse charging (charge FET ON), the voltage can exceed Voff value for a period of 125ms
until next sample is taken and FET is switched OFF. To prevent cell overvoltage termination, or pack
overvoltage termination during this period, values for cell OV should be set larger than voltage reached during
this period. Reasonable value of cell OV for given charger current I can be calculated, assuming cell impedance
of 0.08 Ω/cell, as V(cell)OV > Von + 0.08 × I.
Correspondingly, the pack overvoltage margin should be set as V(margin) > V(cell)OV x n - V(charge)
where: n = number of series cells.
18
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
When charging begins on a depleted battery pack, the voltage is below Voff, and may even stay below Von for
some time. This means the pack is under constant charge, with no pulsing, for some part of the charge cycle. As
the voltage on the cells rises, it crosses the Voff threshold (or the Vmax threshold if Voff is disabled), and the
charge FET turns off. Initially, the off time is short, because the cells are only barely over the threshold and is
quickly relaxed to below Von. As the cell voltages rises, the off times become longer and the on times shorter.
This effect, in combination with the reduced current drawn by the cells, results in a gradually declining charge
current. Eventually, this current falls below the taper current, and the pack detects the full charge condition and
stops charging.
The pulse-charging control operates during normal charging conditions and are overridden in case of a fault
condition. Charging is stopped for any fault conditions which may occur, such as overtemperature or
overcurrent, without regard to the voltage thresholds or time limits.
Primary Charge Termination
The bq2084-V143 terminates charge if it detects a charge-termination condition based on current taper. A
charge-termination condition includes the following:
The bq2084-V143 detects a current taper termination when the pack voltage is greater than Charging
Voltage (DF 0x3a-0x3b) minus Current Taper Qualification Voltage (DF 0x4d-0x4e) and the
AverageCurrent() is below the Current Taper Threshold (DF 0x4b-0x4c), but greater than the Charge
Detection Current in DF 0x113-0x114, for a period of Current Taper Window (DF 0x4f).
Once the bq2084-V143 detects a Primary Charge Termination, the bq2084-V143 sets the
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ ALARM and FULLY_CHARGED bits in BatteryStatus(), and turns off the charge
FET via the bq29312. The charge FET is turned on when discharge current is detected and is greater than
Discharge Detection Current (DF 0x115-0x116), to minimize IR losses. The TERMINATE_CHARGE_
ALARM is cleared if charge current is no longer detected or the pack is removed, but returns if charging is
attempted while the FULLY_CHARGED bit is set.
The bq2084-V143 clears the FULLY_CHARGED and TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit when
RelativeStateOfCharge() is less than the programmed Fully Charged Clear %. See Table 13 for a summary
of BatteryStatus() alarm and status bit operation.
Cell Balancing
The bq2084-V143 balances the cells during charge by discharging those cells above the threshold set in Cell
Balance Threshold DF 0xe8-0xe9, if the maximum difference in cell voltages exceeds the value programmed in
Cell Balance Min DF 0xec. For cell balancing, the bq2084-V143 measures the cell voltages at an interval set in
Cell Balance Interval DF 0xed. On the basis of the cell voltages, the bq2084-V143 either selects the appropriate
cell to discharge or adjusts the cell balance threshold up by the value programmed in Cell Balance Window
0xea-0xeb when all cells exceed the cell balance threshold or the highest cell exceeds the cell balance threshold
by the cell balance window.
Cell balancing only occurs when charging current is detected and the cell balance threshold is reset to the value
in Cell Balance Threshold at the start of every charge cycle. The threshold is only adjusted once during any
balance interval.
If the cells are severely imbalanced during charging, where VCELL(MAX) - VCELL(MIN) > Cell Imbalance Threshold
AND SBS. Current()> Balance IMAX for a period of Cell Imbalance time then the CIM bit in PF Status is set.
Table 6. Cell Balancing and Cell Imbalance Programming
NAME
DF ADDRESS
DESCRIPTION
Cell Balance Threshold
0xe8-0xe9
Sets the maximum voltage in mV that each cell must achieve to initiate cell balancing.
Programming Cell Balance Threshold to 65,535 disables cell balancing.
Cell Balance Min
0xec
Sets in mV the cell differential that must exist to initiate cell balancing
Cell Balance Window
0xea-0xeb
Sets in mV the amount that the cell balance threshold increases during cell balancing
Cell Balance Interval
0xed
Sets the cell balancing time interval in seconds.
Cell Imbalance Threshold
0xee-0xef
Sets the severe imbalance fault limit for cell imbalance detection
Balance IMAX
0xf2-0xf3
Sets the charge current required to allow a cell imbalance to be detected
Cell Imbalance Time
0x134
Sets the time period during which a cell imbalance must be selected for the bq2084 to enter
PF mode.
Submit Documentation Feedback
19
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
DISPLAY PORT
General
The display port drives a 3-, 4-, or 5-LED bar-graph display. The display is activated by a logic signal on the
DISP input. The bq2084-V143 can display RM in either a relative or absolute mode with each LED representing
a percentage of the full-battery reference. In relative mode, the bq2084-V143 uses FCC as the full-battery
reference; in absolute mode, it uses Design Capacity (DC). The DMODE bit in Pack Configuration DF 0x28
programs the bq2084-V143 for the absolute or relative display mode. The LED bits program the 3-, 4-, or 5-LED
option.
Activation
The display may be activated at any time by a high-to-low transition on the DISP input. This is usually
accomplished with a pullup resistor and a pushbutton switch. Detection of the transition activates the display and
starts a 4-s display timer. Reactivation of the display requires that the DISP input return to a logic-high state and
then transition low again. The second high-to-low transition can be detected only after the display timer expires.
If unused, the DISP input must be pulled up to VCC. If the EDV0 bit is set, the bq2084-V143 disables the LED
display.
Display Modes
In relative mode, each LED output represents 20%, 25%, or 33% of the RelativeStateOfCharge() value. In
absolute mode, each LED output represents 20%, 25% or 33% of the AbsoluteStateOfCharge() value. Table 7
shows the display options for 5 LEDs, for 4 LEDs, Table 8 and Table 9 for 3 LEDs. In either mode, the
bq2084-V143 blinks the LED display if RemainingCapacity() is less than Remaining CapacityAlarm(). The
display is disabled if EDV0 = 1.
Table 7. Display Mode for Five LEDs
CONDITION
RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE
FIVE-LED DISPLAY OPTION
StateOfCharge()
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
LED5
EDV0 = 1
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
<20%
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
≤20%, < 40%
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
≤40%, < 60%
ON
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
≤60%, < 80%
ON
ON
ON
ON
OFF
≤80%
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
Table 8. Display Mode for Four LEDs
CONDITION
RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE
FOUR-LED DISPLAY OPTION
StateOfCharge()
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
EDV0 = 1
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
<25%
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
≤25%, < 50%
ON
ON
OFF
OFF
≤50%, < 75%
ON
ON
ON
OFF
≤75%
ON
ON
ON
ON
Table 9. Display Mode for Three LEDs
CONDITION
RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE
20
THREE-LED DISPLAY OPTION
StateOfCharge()
LED1
LED2
LED3
EDV0 = 1
OFF
OFF
OFF
<34%
ON
OFF
OFF
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Table 9. Display Mode for Three LEDs (continued)
CONDITION
RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE
THREE-LED DISPLAY OPTION
StateOfCharge()
LED1
LED2
LED3
≤34%, < 67%
ON
ON
OFF
≤67%
ON
ON
ON
LI-ION PROTECTION
The bq2084-V143 along with the bq29312 provides protection for Li-ion batteries, as shown in Table 10. The
bq2084-V143 measures temperature and current and uses the bq29312 to measure individual cell voltage. The
bq2084-V143 uses this information to determine protection requirements and control the safety FETs or SAFE
output as necessary. It is recommended that the bq2084-V143 protection control be validated by two successive
measurements by setting VOD=1 in Misc Configuration.
The bq29312 can independently detect and protect the load from an overload (OL) or short circuit in charge
(SCC) or discharge (SCD). The bq29312 sets the appropriate FET state and then alerts the bq2084-V143 with
the XALERT output whenever a protection threshold is breached and its associated delay time has expired. The
bq2084-V143 then determines if and when the FETs should be turned back on.
Table 10. CVOV and CVUV Flags in PackStatus()
FLAG
CVOV
CVUV
DSG FET
CHG FET
CLEAR CONDITION (1)
Voltage() = ChargingVoltage() + Over
Voltage Margin
ON
OFF (2)
Voltage() < ChargingVoltage()
VCELL(ANY) = Cell Over Voltage
ON
OFF (2)
SET CONDITION
(3)ON
VCELL(ANY) = Cell Under Voltage
AverageCurrent() < - Over Load Current
(1)
(2)
(3)
OFF
(3)
ON
VCELL(ALL) < Cell Over Voltage Reset
VCELL(ALL) > Cell Under Voltage Reset
AverageCurrent() < - Current Fault Clear Threshold
Clear is detected and controlled by the bq2084-V143.
On if there is a discharge current ≤150 mA
On if there is a charge current ≤50 mA
Protection Configuration
1st Level Cell Voltage Thresholds
The cell undervoltage (VUV) and overvoltage (VOV) limits are programmed in Cell Under Voltage and Cell Over
Voltage DF 0x65-0x66, DF 0x63-0x64, respectively. Both values are stored in mV. Cell Over Voltage Reset DF
0xe0-0xe1 and Cell Under Voltage Reset 0xe2-0xe3 set the reset points in mV for these safety parameters.
Safety Overvoltage Threshold
The safety voltage threshold is programmed in Safety Over Voltage DF 0x6b-0x6c. It is stored in mV. Exceeding
the Safety Voltage for a period determined by the MISC Config VOD bit causes permanent failure if enabled by
PFConfig.
Overcurrent Thresholds
Discharge current threshold is programmed in Discharge OC Threshold DF 0x12d-0x12e. The discharge
overcurrent must exist for time programmed in Discharge OC Time DF 0x12f. When a discharge overcurrent
condition is detected the discharge FET is turned off. Similarly, a charge overcurrent is programmed in Charge
OC ThresholdDF 0x12a-0x12b. The charge overcurrent must exist for the time programmed in Charge OC Time
DF 0x12c or Charge OC Time DF 0x12c. When a charge overcurrent condition is detected, the charge FET is
turned off.
Temperature Thresholds
The Safety Over Temperature in Charge (SOTC) threshold is programmed in Safety Over Temperature in
Charge DF 0x75-0x76 and Safety Over Temperature in Discharge (SOTD) threshold is programmed in Safety
Over Temperature in Discharge DF 0x77-0x78.
Submit Documentation Feedback
21
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
SOTC is stored as Safety Over Temperature in Charge = SOTC/0.1 (°C) as an unsigned integer
SOTD is stored as Safety Over Temperature in Discharge = SOTD/0.1 (°C) as an unsigned integer. Exceeding
the Safety Temperatures for a period exceeding Over Temperature Time DF 0x162 causes permanent failure if
enabled by PFConfig.
There are also temperature thresholds to disable both charge and discharge FETs and to set the SBS Battery
Status Overtemperature bit. The thresholds are set according to whether discharge or charge is detected. The
Charge Suspend Temp High threshold is stored in DF 0x6d-0x6e with the reset threshold stored in DF
0x6f-0x70. Likewise, the Over Temperature Discharge threshold is stored in DF 0x71-0x72 with the reset
threshold stored in DF 0x73-0x74. If the OT bit in Misc Configuration is set then all temperature protection is
disabled except for Safety Over Temperature.
The Charge Suspend Temp Low threshold (CSTL) is stored in Charge Suspend Temp Low DF 0x79-0x7a and is
stored as Charge Suspend Temp Low = CSTL/0.1 (°C) as a signed integer. A Charge Suspend Temp Low turns
off the charge FET. The maximal value of Charge Suspend Temp Low setting is 12.7 °C.
AFE Configuration
The AFE protection limits are programmed as specified in the bq29312 data sheet.
AFE Over Load DF 0xc5 sets the AFE overload protection threshold.
AFE Over Load Delay DF 0xc6 sets the delay timing for overload protection.
AFE Short Circuit in Charge DF 0xc7 sets the AFE short circuit in charge protection threshold and delay
time.
AFE Short Circuit in Discharge DF 0xc8 sets the AFE short circuit in discharge protection threshold and
delay time.
SMBus command 0x46 can be used to string-read the AFE RAM with the AFE address 0x00 first, if the
bq2084-V143 is not sealed as indicated by bit 5 of PackStatus.
Table 11. Overcurrent Protection
FAILURE
FET STATUS
CLEAR CONDITIONS
NR=1
AFE OLV
CHG on, ZVCHG off, DSG off
Same AFE SCD
AFE SCC
CHG off, ZVCHG off, DSG on
Average Current ()< Clear Fail Current (DF 0x61/2) for
Fault Reset Time (DF 0x130), or discharge current >
discharge detection current (DF 0x115/6)
AFE SCD
CHG on, ZVCHG off, DSG off
Average Current () ≤ -Clear Fail Current (DF 0x61/2) for
Fault Reset Time (DF 0x130), or charge current > charge
detection current (DF 0x113/4)
GG Charge OC (set by DF 0x12a to 0x12c)
CHG off, ZVCHG off, DSG on
Same AFE SCC
GG Discharge OC (set by DF 0x12d to 0x12f) CHG on, ZVCHG off, DSG off
Same AFE SCD
NR=0
FAILURE
FET STATUS
EXIT CONDITIONS
AFE OLV
All FETs off
RRES=high
AFE SCC
All FETs off
PRES=high
AFE SCD
All FETs off
PRES=high
GG Charge OC (set by DF 0x12a to 0x12c)
All FETs off
PRES=high
GG Discharge OC (set by DF 0x12d to 0x12f) All FETs off
PRES=high
22
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
The AFE protection features can also recover automatically after AFE Recovery Time (DF 0x160) if the AFE
Recovery Time is set to a nonzero value. When the protection feature is recovered in this manner, it does not
re-trigger for AFE Hold Off Time (DF 0x161).
AFE Integrity Check
The bq2084-V143 checks the programming of the AFE registers at a period determined by AFE Check Time DF
0xfb. The units of the check period are seconds unless the bq2084-V143 is in sleep mode, in which case the
period is AFE Check Time x Sleep Current Multiplier (DF 0xfd). If the data is not correct, the bq2084-V143
increments an internal counter until it reaches the AFE Fail Limit (DF 0xe4). Setting AFE Check Time to 0
disables this function.
When the internal AFE Fail counter reaches AFE Fail Limit, then the AFE bit in PF Status is set.
AFE Watchdog Fault and Clear
The bq29312 has a feature where the 32-kHz output (CLKOUT, pin 35) of the bq2084-V143 is used to drive its
internal clock. If this clock fails, a fault is declared in the AFE. See the bq29312 data sheet for further details.
The fault is cleared automatically on return of the 32-kHz input via the bq2084-V143 CLKOUT pin.
Permanent Failure Mode (SAFE Output)
The SAFE output of the bq2084-V143 provides an additional level of safety control. The active low safety output
can blow a fuse or control another switch on the basis of temperature, pack-voltage cell-voltage, CHG FET
Failure, severe cell imbalance, or an integrity check of the AFE and Data Flash configuration registers.
The bq2084-V143 can also activate the SAFE output and set the PF Flag based on the PFIN input. If this pin is
low for PFIN Time seconds ±1 s, then the PFIN bit in PF Status is set.
The SAFE output can be driven low in any of the following conditions, and the bq2084-V143 sets the PF Flag
register (DF 0x11e) to 0x66 (011001100). The activation of the SAFE output and the setting of the PF Flag can
be enabled or disabled for different safety option per the PF Config (DF 0x11f) register settings.
The SAFE output and PF Flag register can only be cleared using a series of ManufacturerAccess() commands.
Table 12. SAFE Activation Conditions (1)
CONDITION
ACTIONS
Voltage() > Safety Over Voltage (DF 0x6b and 0x6c),
SOV and PF set
Temperature() > Safety Over Temperature in Charge (DF 0x75 and 0x76)
SOTC and PF set
Temperature() > Safety Over Temperature in Discharge (DF 0x77 and 0x78)
SOTD and PF set
When Miscellaneous Configuration (0x2a) bit 13 AC is set, and the number of AFE failures has reached the AFE Fail
Limit (DF 0xe4)
AFE and PF set
When VCELL(MAX) - VCELL(MIN) > Cell Imbalance Threshold (DF 0xee, 0xef) during charging
CIM and PF set
If charge FET is off, and charge current greater than FET Fail charge current stored in DF 0x125-0x126 for the time
determined by FET Fail time in DF 0x129, or if discharge FET is off and discharge current greater than FET Fail
discharge current stored in DF 0x127-0x128 for the time determined by FET Fail time in DF 0x129.
The PFIN input has detected a low state for PFIN Time in consecutive seconds, as determined by DF 0x120
(1)
FETF and PF set
PFIN, PF set
SAFE output activated and PF Flag set only if enabled by PF Config (DF 0x0x11f)
Permanent Failure Status (PF Status)
PF Status DF 0x11d contains the flags for the cause of the permanent failure mode.
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
PFF
PFIN
FETF
CIM
AFE
SOTD
SOTC
SOV
Submit Documentation Feedback
23
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
SOV
The SOV bit indicates a safety overvoltage occurred which if enabled by PF Config would cause the SAFE
output to activate.
0
SOV fault not detected (default)
1
SOV fault detected
SOTC
The SOTC bit indicates a safety overtemperature in charge occurred which if enabled by PF Config would
cause the SAFE output to activate.
0
SOTC fault not detected (default)
1
SOTC fault detected
SOTD
The SOTD bit indicates a safety overtemperature in discharge occurred which if enabled by PF Config would
cause the SAFE output to activate.
0
SOTD fault not detected (default)
1
SOTD fault detected
AFE
The AFE bit indicates an AFE integrity fault state occurred which if enabled by PF Config would cause the
SAFE output to activate.
0
AFE is operating correctly (default)
1
AFE Integrity check fail limit reached
CIM
The CIM bit indicates that a severe cell imbalance occurred during charging, which if enabled by PF Config,
would cause the SAFE output to activate.
0
All cells are within the Cell Imbalance Threshold (default)
1
There is a severe cell imbalance
FETF
The FETF bit indicates a FET or FET driver failure occurred, which if enabled by PF Config would cause the
SAFE output to activate.
0
The FETs are operating normally (default)
1
The FETs or FET drivers have a fault
PFIN
The PFIN bit is used to indicate that the output of the 2nd level protector has activated.
0
The PFIN input is high (default)
1
The PFIN input drive and held low by 2nd level protector output
FPP
The FPP bit is used to indicate that current has been detected when the fuse has been set to be blown.
24
0
Current not detected with fuse blown
1
Current detected with fuse blown
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Permanent Failure Configuration (PF Config)
PF Config DF 0x11f contains the enable/disable configuration that determines if the SAFE output is activated
and the PF Flag set for each possible failure mode.
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
-
XPFIN
XFETF
XCIM
XAFE
XSOTD
XSOTC
XSOV
XSOV
The XSOV bit enables or disables the activation of SAFE and the setting of the PF Flag when PF Status SOV
is set.
0
Activation disabled (default)
1
Activation enabled
XSOTC
The XSOTC bit enables or disables the activation of SAFE and the setting of the PF Flag when PF Status
SOTC is set.
0
Activation disabled (default)
1
Activation enabled
XSOTD
The XSOTD bit enables or disables the activation of SAFE and the setting of the PF Flag when PF Status
SOTD is set.
0
Activation disabled (default)
1
Activation enabled
XAFE
The XAFE bit enables or disables the activation of SAFE and the setting of the PF Flag when PF Status AFE is
set. Bit 13 of Miscellaneous Config DF 0x2a also needs to be set for activation.
0
Activation disabled (default)
1
Activation enabled
XCIM
The XCIM bit enables or disables the activation of SAFE and the setting of the PF Flag when PF Status CIM is
set.
0
Activation disabled (default)
1
Activation enabled
XFETF
The XFETF bit enables or disables the activation of SAFE and the setting of the PF Flag when PF Status FETF
is set.
0
Activation disabled (default)
1
Activation enabled
XPFIN
The XPFIN bit enables or disables the activation of SAFE and the setting of the PF Flag when PF Status PFIN
is set.
0
Activation disabled (default)
1
Activation enabled
Submit Documentation Feedback
25
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Permanent Failure Flag (PF Flag)
PF Flag DF 0x11e contains the flag indicating if the /SAFE output has been activated.
STATE
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
Clear
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Set
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
PF FLAG
The PF Flag indicates that the SAFE output of the bq2084-V143 has been activated.
0x00
SAFE output high (default)
0x66
SAFE output activated
An example circuit using the SAFE output to blow a fuse is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Example SAFE Circuit Implementation
Low-Power Modes
The bq2084-V143 enters sleep mode when the charge and discharge current is less than the threshold
programmed in Sleep Current Threshold DF 0xfc, the SMBus lines are low for at least 2s, and bit 12 of Misc.
Configuration DF 0x2a is set to zero. Additionally, PRES must be pulled high if the NR bit in Misc Config is set to
0. The bq2084-V143 wakes up periodically to monitor voltage and temperature and to apply self-discharge
adjustment. The sleep period is set in Sleep Timer DF 0xfe. The bq2084-V143 wakes up at a period set by
Sleep Current Multiplier DF 0xfd multiplied by Sleep Time to measure current. The bq2084-V143 comes out of
sleep when either of the SMBus lines go high or when the current is measured and it is greater than the Sleep
Current Threshold.
The sleep current threshold, SLP (mA), is stored in Sleep Current Thresh DF 0xfc as:
Sleep Current Thresh = SLP(mA)/0.5
The wake-up period for current measurement, WAT(s), is set using the following formula:
Sleep Current Multiplier x Sleep Time = WAT(s)
During sleep mode, both charge and discharge FETs are turned off if the NR bit in Misc Config is cleared. If the
bq2084-V143 is in Non-Removable mode where NR=1, then the discharge FET retains its state on entry to
sleep.
Shutdown Mode
The bq2084-V143 goes into shutdown, in which all FETs are turned off and the pack electronics are powered
down (including the bq2084-V143), when SBS.Voltage() falls below Shutdown Voltage DF 0x7c-0x7d and
Voltage at the Pack pin is less than VPACK threshold (DF 0x131, 0x132) both for 2 consecutive samples (1 to 2
s).
26
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Vpack is programmed in units of 0.935 mV/count and has tolerance of ±6%. For example, to set 12 V as Vpack
Threshold, the program value should be 12000/0.935 = 12834.
When the DSG FET is turned on, the pack voltage is close to the battery voltage even with no charger attached.
Therefore, to enter shutdown, the Vpack threshold should be set higher than the shutdown threshold plus the
tolerance.
The bq2084-V143 can also be instructed to enter Shutdown mode via the ManufacturerAccess() command.
When the command is sent to the bq2084-V143, the bq29312 is instructed to enter shutdown mode by the
bq2084-V143. This forces the chipset into its lowest power mode. The bq2084-V143 does not issue a shutdown
command to the AFE unless the pack voltage is less than the Vpack Threshold. Program the Vpack threshold
higher than the SBS.Voltage() when ship command is issued. Exit from this mode is only achieved by
application of a charger.
After exiting shutdown mode, the bq2084-V143 does not enter the shutdown mode again until the Shutdown
Timer (DF 0x133, units are seconds) has expired even if the correct conditions are present. After the Shutdown
Timer has expired, the SMBus command or voltage and current conditions enables the bq2084-V143 to enter
shutdown mode.
Submit Documentation Feedback
27
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Normal Operation
SBS.VCELLx( ) Measured
SBS.PackVoltage( ) Measured
SBS.Voltage( ) calculated
SBS.Voltage( ) <=
DF.Shutdown
Threshold ?
No
Yes
No
SBS.Current( ) <= 0?
Yes
SBS.PackVoltage( ) <
DF.Vpack Threshold ?
No
Yes
No
Has Time since exit
from last Shutdown >
DF.Shutdown Timer?
Yes
bq2084 Enters Shutdown
DEFAULTS:
Non-Removable Pack
DF.ShutdownVoltage = 2.8 V x Number of Series cells; DF.ShutdownTimer = 2 s
NOTE: VpackThreshold must be greater than Shutdown voltage + 6%.
Removable Pack
DF.ShutdownVoltage = 2.8 V x Number of Series cells; DF.ShutdownTimer = 20 s
NOTE: VpackThreshold must be greater than Shutdown voltage + 6%.
28
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Figure 3. Shutdown Flow Chart in Normal Operation
SBS MAC command 0x05
received
No
SBS.Current( ) <= 0?
Yes
No
Pack voltage < Vpack
threshold ?
Yes
bq2084 Enters Shutdown
Figure 4. Shutdown Flow Chart in SBS MAC
Reset Conditions
On power up, the entire IC is reset and data is loaded from Data Flash to configure the SBS Data and the
battery management solution. On a partial reset (loss of VCC but RBI holds RAM valid), a limited number of
locations are taken. These actions are the following:
• The AFE registers are rewritten.
• PackStatus() EDV2 flag is cleared.
• BatteryStatus() DISCHARGING flag is cleared.
• The charger and alarm broadcast period is set to 10 seconds between broadcasts.
COMMUNICATION
The bq2084-V143 includes an SMBus communication port. The SMBus interface is a 2-wire bidirectional
protocol using the SMBC (clock) and SMBD (data) pins. The communication lines are isolated from VCC and
may be pulled up higher than VCC. Also, the bq2084-V143 does not pull these lines low if VCC to the part is
zero. The communication ports allow a host controller, an SMBus compatible device, or other processor to
access the memory registers of the bq2084-V143. In this way a system can efficiently monitor and manage the
battery.
Submit Documentation Feedback
29
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
SMBus
The SMBus interface is a command-based protocol. A processor acting as the bus master initiates
communication to the bq2084-V143 by generating a start condition. A start condition consists of a high-to-low
transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high. The processor then sends the bq2084-V143 device address
of 0001011 (bits 7-1) plus a R/W bit (bit 0) followed by an SMBus command code. The R/W bit (LSB) and the
command code instruct the bq2084-V143 to either store the forthcoming data to a register specified by the
SMBus command code or output the data from the specified register. The processor completes the access with
a stop condition. A stop condition consists of a low-to-high transition of the SMBD line while the SMBC is high.
With SMBus, the most-significant bit (MSB) of a data byte is transmitted first. In some instances, the
bq2084-V143 acts as the bus master. This occurs when the bq2084-V143 broadcasts charging requirements
and alarm conditions to device addresses 0x12 (SBS Smart Charger) and 0x10 (SBS Host Controller.)
SMBus Protocol
The bq2084-V143 supports the following SMBus protocols:
• Read word
• Write word
• Block read
A processor acting as the bus master uses the three protocols to communicate with the bq2084-V143. The
bq2084-V143 acting as the bus master uses the write word protocol.
The SMBD and SMBC pins are open drain and require external pullup resistors. A 1-MΩ pulldown resistor in the
battery pack on SMBC and SMBD is required to ensure the detection of the SMBus off-state, the performance of
automatic offset calibration, and the initiation of the low-power sleep mode when the battery pack is removed.
SMBus Packet Error Checking
The bq2084-V143 supports packet error checking as a mechanism to confirm proper communication between it
and another SMBus device. Packet error checking requires that both the transmitter and receiver calculate a
packet error code (PEC) for each communication message. The device that supplies the last byte in the
communication message appends the PEC to the message. The receiver compares the transmitted PEC to its
PEC result to determine if there is a communication error.
PEC Protocol
The bq2084-V143 can receive or transmit data with or without PEC. Figure 5 shows the communication protocol
for the read word, write word, and read block messages without PEC. Figure 6 includes PEC.
In the read word protocol, the bq2084-V143 receives the PEC after the last byte of data from the host. If the host
does not support PEC, the last byte of data is followed by a stop condition. After receipt of the PEC, the
bq2084-V143 compares the value to its calculation. If the PEC is correct, the bq2084-V143 responds with an
ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK). If it is not correct, the bq2084-V143 responds with a NOT ACKNOWLEDGE (NACK)
and sets an error code. In the write word and block read, the host generates an ACK after the last byte of data
sent by the bq2084-V143. The bq2084-V143 then sends the PEC and the host acting as a master-receiver
generates a NACK and a stop condition.
30
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Gas Gauge
Figure 5. SMBus Communication Protocol Without PEC
Submit Documentation Feedback
31
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Gas Gauge
Figure 6. SMBus Communication Protocol With PEC
PEC Calculation
The basis of the PEC calculation is an 8-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC-8) based on the polynomial C(X) =
X8 + X2 + X1 + 1. The PEC calculation includes all bytes in the transmission, including address, command, and
data. The PEC calculation does not include ACKNOWLEDGE, NOT ACKNOWLEDGE, start, stop, and repeated
start bits.
For example, the host requests RemainingCapacity() from the bq2084-V143. This includes the host following the
read word protocol. The bq2084-V143 calculates the PEC based on the following 5 bytes of data, assuming the
remaining capacity of the battery is 1001 mAh.
• Battery Address with R/W = 0: 0x16
• Command Code for RemainingCapacity(): 0x0f
• Battery Address with R/W = 1: 0x17
• RemainingCapacity(): 0x03e9
For 0x160f17e903, the bq2084-V143 transmits a PEC of 0xe8 to the host.
PEC Enable in Master Mode
The PEC for master mode broadcasts to the charger, host, or both can be enabled/disabled with the
combination of the bits HPE and CPE in Pack Configuration DF 0x28.
SMBus On- and Off-State
The bq2084-V143 detects whether the SMBus enters the Off State by monitoring the SMBC and SMBD lines.
When both signals are continually low for at least 2.0 s, the bq2084-V143 detects the Off State. When the
SMBC and SMBD lines go high, the bq2084-V143 detects the On State and can begin communication within 1
ms. One-MΩ pulldown resistors on SMBC and SMBD are recommended for reliable Off State detection.
32
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Command Codes
The SMBus command codes are in (). Temperature(), Voltage(), Current(), and AverageCurrent(), performance
specifications are at bq29312 regulated VCC (V(REG)) and a temperature of -20°C to 85°C.
Manufacturer Access() (0x00)
Description: This function provides writable command codes to control the bq2084-V143 during normal
operation and pack manufacture. Writing the command code to SMB command 0x00 causes the following reads
with the SMB command 0x00 to return the word indicated in the table. The following commands are available:
COMMAND CODE
NAME
DESCRIPTION
0x0001
Device Type
Returns IC part number so it can be read, i.e., 2084 (0x0824)
0x0002
Firmware Rev
Returns firmware version so it can be read
0x0003
EDV Level
Returns the pending end-of-discharge voltage level so it can be read
0x0004
Manufacturer Status
Returns the battery system status so it can read
0x0005
SHIP Command
Instructs the bq2084-V143 to instruct the bq29312 to enter ship mode
0x062b
Seal
Instructs the bq2084-V143 to restrict access to those functions listed in Table 3. The
bq2084-V143 completes the seal function and clears ManufacturerAccess().
The Manufacture Status word is defined as:
b15
b14
b13
b12
b11
b10
b9
b8
FET1
FET0
PF1
PF0
STATE3
STATE2
STATE1
STATE0
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
FET1, FET0
Indicated the state of the charge and discharge FETs
0,0
Both charge and discharge FETs are on.
0,1
Charge FET is off, discharge FET is on.
1,0
Both charge and discharge FETs are off.
1,1
Charge FET is on, discharge FET is off.
PF1, PF0
Indicates permanent failure cause when permanent failure indicated by STATE3-STATE0
0,0
Fuse is blown
0,1
Cell imbalance failure
1,0
Safety voltage failure
1,1
FET failure
STATE3, STATE2, STATE1, STATE0
Indicates battery state as defined in the State and Status bit Summary.
Purpose: The ManufacturerAccess() function provides the system host access to bq2084-V143 functions that
are not defined by the SBD.
SMBus protocol: Read or write word
Input/Output: Word
Submit Documentation Feedback
33
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Table 13. State and Status Bit Summary
State
wakeup
MAC Mode (MSB)
0x00 Wake up
CC()
CV()
CHG
FET (1)
DSG FET
ZVCHG
FET
FUSE
Power
Mode
0
0
off (2)
on
on (3)
ok
normal
on
on (4)
ok
normal
precharge
0x03 Precharge
PC
CV
of (2)f
chargesusp
0x04 Charge Suspension
FC
CV
off
on
off
ok
normal
terminatecharge
0x07 Charge Terminate
normalcharge
0x05 Charge
provisionalcharge
normaldischarge
0x01 Normal
MC
CV
off
on
off
ok
normal
FC (5)
CV
on
on
off
ok
normal
0
0
off
on
off
ok
normal
FC
CV
on
on
off
ok
normal
depleted
PC
CV
off
off
off
ok
normal
depleted_ac
PC
CV
off
off
off( (4))
ok
normal
overheatdischarge
FC
CV
off
off
off
ok
normal
overheatcharge
0x0e System Present
FC
CV
off
off
off
ok
normal
battfail_overcharge
0
0
off
on
off
ok
normal
battfail_lowtemp
0
0
off
on
off
ok
normal
0
0
off
on
off
ok
normal
0
0
off
of (6)f
off
ok
normal
FC
CV
off (6)
off
off
ok
normal
battfail_chargeterminate
battfail_afe_chg
battfail_afe_dsg
battfail_chg
battfail_dsg
0x08 Fault Charge Terminate
0x0c Battery Failure
0x0a Over Current
0
0
off
off (6)
off
ok
normal
FC
CV
off (6)
off
off
ok
normal
FC
CV
off
off
off
ok
normal
removed
0x0f Battery Out
sleep
0x0d Sleep
0
0
off
off(7)
off
ok
low
permanent_failure
0x09 Permanent Failure
0
0
off
off
off
blow
low
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
CHG FET always on if discharge current greater than Discharge Detection Current (DF 0x115, 0x116)
On if FET Config = 01 (Common precharge, charge FET)
ZVCHG FET on, OD FET off if FET Config = 00 or 02 (ZVCHG FET or precharge FET)
ZVCHG FET on, OD FET off if FET Config = 00 (ZVCHG FET), or ZVCHG FET off, OD FET on if FET Config = 02 (precharge FET)
0 if CVOV or PC is not CVOV and minimum cell voltage is less than the precharge cell voltage threshold
If MiscConfig.Nonremoveable Battery is set, then FET is on.
RemainingCapacityAlarm() (0x01)
Description: Sets or gets the low-capacity threshold value. Whenever the RemainingCapacity() falls below the
low-capacity value, the bq2084-V143 sends AlarmWarning() messages to the SMBus host with the
REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit set. A low-capacity value of 0 disables this alarm. The bq2084-V143
initially sets the low-capacity value to Remaining Capacity Alarm value programmed in DF 0x02-0x03. The
low-capacity value remains unchanged until altered by the RemainingCapacityAlarm() function. The low-capacity
value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10 mWh) depending on the setting of the
BatteryMode() CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The RemainingCapacityAlarm() function can be used by systems that know how much power they
require to save their operating state. It enables those systems to more finely control the point at which they
transition into suspend or hibernate state. The low-capacity value can be read to verify the value in use by the
bq2084-V143 low-capacity alarm.
SMBus protocol: Read or write word
Input/Output: Unsigned integer-value below which Low Capacity messages are sent.
BATTERY MODES
34
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
mAh at C/5
10 mWh at P/5
Range
0-65,535 mAh
0-65,535 10 mWh
Granularity
Not applicable
Accuracy
See RemainingCapacity()
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
RemainingTimeAlarm() (0x02)
Description: Sets or gets the Remaining Time Alarm value. Whenever the AverageTimeToEmpty() falls below
the remaining time value, the bq2084-V143 sends AlarmWarning() messages to the SMBus host with the
REMAINING_TIME_ALARM bit set. A remaining time value of 0 effectively disables this alarm. The
bq2084-V143 initially sets the remaining time value to the Remaining Time Alarm value programmed in DF
0x00-0x01. The remaining time value remains unchanged until altered by the RemainingTimeAlarm() function.
Purpose: The RemainingTimeAlarm() function can be used by systems that want to adjust when the remaining
time alarm warning is sent. The remaining time value can be read to verify the value in use by the bq2084-V143
RemainingTimeAlarm().
SMBus protocol: Read or write word
Input/Output: Unsigned integer—the point below which remaining time messages are sent.
Units: Minutes
Range: 0 to 65,535 minutes
Granularity: Not applicable
Accuracy: See AverageTimeToEmpty().
BatteryMode() (0x03)
Description: Selects the various battery operational modes and reports the battery's mode and requests.
Defined modes include
• Whether the battery capacity information is specified in units of mAh or 10 mWh (CAPACITY_MODE bit)
• Whether the ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() values are broadcast to the smart battery charger
when the CHARGER_MODE bit is set.
• Whether all broadcasts to the smart battery charger and host are disabled
The defined request condition is the battery requesting a conditioning cycle (RELEARN_FLAG).
Purpose: The CAPACITY_MODE bit allows power management systems to best match their electrical
characteristics with those reported by the battery. For example, a switching power supply represents a constant
power load, whereas a linear supply is better represented by a constant current model. The CHARGER_MODE
bit allows a SMBus host or smart battery charger to override the smart battery desired charging parameters by
disabling the bq2084-V143 broadcasts. The RELEARN_FLAG bit allows the bq2084-V143 to request a
conditioning cycle.
SMBus protocol: Read or write word
Input/Output: Unsigned integer—bit mapped—see Table 14.
Units: Not applicable
Range: 0-1
Granularity: Not applicable
Accuracy: Not applicable
The BatteryMode() word is divided into two halves, the MSB (bits 8-15) which is read/write and the LSB (bits
0-7) which is read only. The bq2084-V143 forces bits 0-6 to zero and prohibits writes to bit 7.
Table 14 summarizes the meanings of the individual bits in the BatteryMode() word. Specified default values,
where applicable, are noted. INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER bit is not used by the bq2084-V143.
PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT bit is not used by the bq2084-V143.
RELEARN_FLAG bit set indicates that the bq2084-V143 is requesting a capacity relearn cycle for the battery.
The bq2084-V143 sets the RELEARN_FLAG on a full reset and if it detects 20-cycle counts without an FCC
update. The bq2084-V143 clears this flag after a learning cycle has been completed.
CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED bit is not used by the bq2084-V143. The bq2084-V143 forces this bit to
zero.
Submit Documentation Feedback
35
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
PRIMARY_BATTERY bit is not used by the bq2084-V143. The bq2084-V143 forces this bit to zero.
Table 14. Battery Mode Bits and Values
Battery Mode() BITS
INTERNAL_CHARGE_CONTROLLER
PRIMARY_BATTERY_SUPPORT
Reserved
BITS USED
FORMAT
ALLOWABLE VALUES
0
Read only bit flag
1 - always one
1
Read only bit flag
0 - always zero
2-6
0 - always zero
RELEARN_FLAG
7
Read only bit flag
0—Battery OK1—Relearn cycle requested
CHARGE_CONTROLLER_ENABLED
8
R/W bit flag
Not used
9
R/W bit flag
Not used
PRIMARY_BATTERY
Reserved
10-12
0 - always zero
ALARM_MODE
13
R/W bit flag
0—Enable alarm broadcast (default)1—Disable
alarm broadcast
CHARGER_MODE
14
R/W bit flag
0—Enable charging broadcast
(default)1—Disable charging broadcast
CAPACITY_MODE
15
R/W bit flag
0—Report in mA or mAh (default)1—Report in
10 mW or 10 mWh
ALARM_MODE bit is set to disable the bq2084-V143s ability to master the SMBus and send AlarmWarning()
messages to the SMBus host and the smart battery charger. When set, the bq2084-V143 does not master the
SMBus, and AlarmWarning() messages are not sent to the SMBus host and the smart battery charger for a
period of no more than 60s and no less than 59s. When cleared (default), the smart battery sends the
AlarmWarning() messages to the SMBus host and the smart battery charger any time an alarm condition is
detected.
• The ALARM broadcast does not occur more often than once every 10 s. Whenever the BATTERY_MODE
command is received, the bq2084-V143 resets the bit and starts or restarts a 60-s (nominal) timer. After the
timer expires, the bq2084-V143 automatically enables alarm broadcasts to ensure that the accidental
deactivation of broadcasts does not persist. An SMBus host that does not want the bq2084-V143 to be a
master on the SMBus must therefore continually set this bit at least once per 59 s to keep the bq2084-V143
from broadcasting alarms.
• The ALARM_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state when the bq2084-V143 enters SLEEP mode.
• The condition of the ALARM-MODE bit does not affect the operation or state of the CHARGER_MODE bit,
which is used to prevent broadcasts of ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() to the smart battery
charger. CHARGER_MODE bit enables or disables the bq2084-V143's transmission of ChargingCurrent()
and ChargingVoltage() messages to the smart battery charger. When set, the bq2084-V143 does not
transmit ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() values to the smart battery charger. When cleared, the
bq2084-V143 transmits the ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() values to the smart battery charger.
The CHARGER_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state when the bq2084-V143 enters SLEEP mode.
CAPACITY_MODE bit indicates if capacity information is reported in mA/mAh or 10 mW/10 mWh. When set, the
bq2084-V143 reports capacity information in 10 mW/10 mWh as appropriate. When cleared, the bq2084-V143
reports capacity information in mA/mAh as appropriate. The CAPACITY_MODE bit defaults to a cleared state
when the bq2084-V143 enters SLEEP mode.
The following functions are changed to accept or return values in mA/mAh or 10 mW/10 mWh depending on the
CAPACITY_MODE bit:
• RemainingCapacityAlarm()
• AtRate()
• RemainingCapacity()
• FullChargeCapacity()
• DesignCapacity()
The following functions are calculated on the basis of capacity and may be calculated differently depending on
the CAPACITY_MODE bit:
• AtRateOK()
• AtRateTimeToEmpty()
36
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
•
•
•
•
•
•
AtRateTimeToFull()
RunTimeToEmpty()
AverageTimeToEmpty()
AverageTimeToFull()
Remaining Time Alarm()
BatteryStatus()
The bq2084-V143 updates the non-AtRate related register values immediately after changing the state of the
CAPACITY_MODE bit. The AtRate() values are updated after the next AtRate() value is written to the
bq2084-V143 (or after the next 1-s scheduled refresh calculation).
AtRate() (0x04)
Description: The AtRate() function is the first half of a two-function call-set used to set the AtRate value used in
calculations made by the AtRateTimeToFull(), AtRateTimeToEmpty(), and AtRateOK() functions. The AtRate
value may be expressed in either current (mA) or power (10 mW) depending on the setting of the BatteryMode()
CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: Because the AtRate() function is the first half of a two-function call-set, it is followed by the second
function of the call-set that calculates and returns a value based on the AtRate value and the battery's present
state.
• When the AtRate() value is positive, the AtRateTimeToFull() function returns the predicted time to full charge
at the AtRate value of charge.
• When the AtRate() value is negative, the AtRateTimeToEmpty() function returns the predicted operating time
at the AtRate value of discharge.
• When the AtRate() value is negative, the AtRateOK() function returns a Boolean value that predicts the
battery's ability to supply the AtRate value of additional discharge energy (current or power) for 10 seconds.
The default value for AtRate() is zero.
SMBus protocol: Read or write word
Input/Output: Signed integer-charge or discharge; the AtRate() value is positive for charge, negative for
discharge, and zero for neither (default).
BATTERY MODES
Units
Charge range
Discharge range
Granularity
Accuracy
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
mA
10 mW
1 to 32,767 mA
1 to 32,767 10 mW
–1 to –32,768 mA
–1 to –32,768 10 mW
1 Unit
NA
AtRateTimeToFull() (0x05)
Description: Returns the predicted remaining time to fully charge the battery at the AtRate() value (mA).
Purpose: The AtRateTimeToFull() function is part of a two-function call-set used to determine the predicted
remaining charge time at the AtRate value in mA. The bq2084-V143 updates AtRateTimeToFull() within 5 ms
after the SMBus host sets the AtRate value. The bq2084-V143 automatically updates AtRateTimeToFull() based
on the AtRate() value every 1 s.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—predicted time in minutes to fully charge the battery.
Units: Minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Submit Documentation Feedback
37
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Accuracy: ± MaxError() * FullChargeCapacity()/|AtRate()|
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the AtRate = 0.
AtRateTimeToEmpty() (0x06)
Description: Returns the predicted remaining operating time if the battery is discharged at the AtRate() value.
Purpose: The AtRateTimeToEmpty() function is part of a two-function call-set used to determine the remaining
operating time at the AtRate() value. The bq2084-V143 updates AtRateTimeToEmpty() within 5 ms after the
SMBus host sets the AtRate() value. The bq2084-V143 automatically updates AtRateTimeToEmpty() based on
the AtRate() value every 1 s.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—estimated operating time left.
Units: Minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError() × FullChargeCapacity/|AtRate()|
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates AtRate = 0.
AtRateOK() (0x07)
Description: Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether or not the battery can deliver the AtRate() value of
additional energy for 10 s. If the AtRate value is zero or positive, the AtRateOK() function ALWAYS returns OK
(logic 1).
Purpose: The AtRateOK() function is part of a two-function call-set used by power management systems to
determine if the battery can safely supply enough energy for an additional load. The bq2084-V143 updates
AtRateOK() within 5 ms after the SMBus host sets the AtRate() value. The bq2084-V143 automatically updates
AtRateOK() based on the At Rate() value every 1 second.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Boolean—indicates if the battery can supply the additional energy requested.
Units: Boolean
Range: 1, 0
Granularity: Not applicable
Accuracy: Not applicable
Temperature() (0x08)
Description: Returns the temperature (K) measured by the bq2084-V143.
Purpose: The Temperature() function provides accurate cell temperatures for use by battery chargers and
thermal management systems. A battery charger can use the temperature as a safety check. Thermal
management systems may use the temperature because the battery is one of the largest thermal sources in a
system.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—cell temperature in tenth-degree Kelvin increments.
Units: 0.1°K
Range: 0 to +6553.5°K {real range}
Granularity: 0.1°K
Accuracy: ±1.5°K (from ideal Semitec 103AT thermistor performance, after calibration)
38
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Voltage() (0x09)
Description: Returns the cell-pack voltage (mV).
Purpose: The Voltage() function provides power management systems with an accurate battery terminal
voltage. Power management systems can use this voltage, along with battery current information, to
characterize devices they control. This ability helps enable intelligent, adaptive power-management systems.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—battery terminal voltage in mV.
Units: mV
Range: 0 to 20,000 mV
Granularity: 1 mV
Accuracy: ±0.25% (after calibration)
Current() (0x0a)
Description: Returns the current being supplied (or accepted) by the battery (mA).
Purpose: The Current() function provides a snapshot for the power management system of the current flowing
into or out of the battery. This information is of particular use in power-management systems because they can
characterize individual devices and tune their operation to actual system power behavior.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Signed integer—charge/discharge rate in mA increments: positive for charge, negative for discharge.
Units: mA
Range: -32,768 to 32,767 mA
Granularity: 1 mA
Accuracy: 0.25% or 5 mA, whichever is greater
AverageCurrent() (0x0b)
Description: Returns a value that approximates a one-minute rolling average of the current being supplied (or
accepted) through the battery terminals (mA). AverageCurrent() is implemented as a single pole IIR filter with a
14.5-s time constant.
Purpose: The AverageCurrent() function provides the average current flowing into or out of the battery for the
power management system.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Signed integer—charge/discharge rate in mA increments: positive for charge, negative for discharge.
Units: mA
Range: -32,768 to 32,767 mA
Granularity: 1 mA
Accuracy: 0.25% or 5 mA, whichever is greater
MaxError() (0x0c)
Description: Returns the expected margin of error (%) in the state of charge calculation. For example, when
MaxError() returns 10% and RelativeStateOfCharge() returns 50%, the RelativeStateOfCharge() is more likely
between 50% and 60%. The bq2084-V143 sets MaxError() to 100% on a full reset. The bq2084-V143 sets
MaxError() to 2% on completion of a learning cycle, unless the bq2084-V143 limits the learning cycle to the
+512/-256 mAh maximum adjustment values. If the learning cycle is limited, the bq2084-V143 sets MaxError() to
8% unless MaxError() was already below 8%. In this case, MaxError() does not change. The bq2084-V143
increments MaxError( ) by 1% after four increments of CycleCount() without a learning cycle. If voltage-based
corrections are applied to the coulomb counter, MaxError() is set to 25%.
Submit Documentation Feedback
39
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Purpose: The MaxError() function has real value in two ways: first, to give the user a confidence level about the
state of charge and second, to give the power management system information about how aggressive it should
be, particularly as the battery nears the end of its life.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—percent uncertainty for selected information.
Units: %
Range: 2-100%
Granularity: 1%
Accuracy: Not applicable
RelativeStateOfCharge() (0x0d)
Description: Returns the
FullChargeCapacity() (%).
predicted
remaining
battery
capacity
expressed
as
a
percentage
of
Purpose: The RelativeStateOfCharge() function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the
battery relative to the last learned capacity.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer-percent of remaining capacity.
Units: %
Range: 0-100%
Granularity: 1%
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError()
AbsoluteStateOfCharge()(0x0e)
Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery capacity expressed as a percentage of DesignCapacity()
(%). Note that AbsoluteStateOfCharge() can return values greater than 100%.
Purpose: The AbsoluteStateOfCharge() function is used to estimate the amount of charge remaining in the
battery relative to the nominal or DesignCapacity().
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—percent of remaining capacity.
Units: %
Range: 0-100+%
Granularity: 1%
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError()
RemainingCapacity() (0x0f)
Description: Returns the predicted charge or energy remaining in the battery. The RemainingCapacity() value is
expressed in either charge or energy, depending on the setting of the BatteryMode() CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The RemainingCapacity() function returns the battery's remaining capacity. This information is a
numeric indication of remaining charge or energy given by the AbsoluteStateOfCharge() or
RelativeStateOfCharge() functions and may be in a better form for use by power management systems.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—remaining charge in units of mAh or 10 mWh.
40
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
mAh
10 mWh
0-65,535 10 mWh
Range
0-65,535 mAh
Granularity
mAh
10 mWh
Accuracy
-0, +MaxError() *
FullCharageCapacity()
FullChargeCapacity() (0x10)
Description: Returns the predicted pack capacity when it is fully charged. The FullChargeCapacity() value is
expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or power (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending
on the setting of the BatteryMode()CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The FullChargeCapacity() function provides a means of understanding the tank size of the battery.
This information, along with information about the original capacity of the battery, indicates battery wear.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—estimated full-charge capacity in units of mAh or 10 mWh.
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
mAh
10 mWh
Range
0-65,535 mAh
0-65,535 10 mWh
Granularity
mAh
10 mWh
-0, +MaxError() × FullCharageCapacity()
Accuracy
RunTimeToEmpty() (0x11)
Description: Returns the predicted remaining battery life at the present rate of discharge (minutes).
TheRunTimeToEmpty() value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the
BatteryMode() CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The RunTimeToEmpty() provides the power management system with information about the relative
gain or loss in remaining battery life in response to a change in power policy. This information is not the same
as the AverageTimeToEmpty(), which is not suitable to determine the effects that result from a change in power
policy.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—minutes of operation left.
Units: Minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError()×FullChargeCapacity() / Current()
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged.
AverageTimeToEmpty() (0x12)
Description: Returns a predicted remaining battery life (minutes), based on AverageCurrent. The
AverageTimeToEmpty() value is calculated based on either current or power depending on the setting of the
BatteryMode()CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The AverageTimeToEmpty() displays state-of-charge information in a more useful way. It averages
the instantaneous estimations so that the remaining time does not appear to jump around.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—minutes of operation left.
Submit Documentation Feedback
41
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Units: Minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 min
Granularity: 2 min or better
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError() * FullChargeCapacity() / AverageCurrent()
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates battery is not being discharged.
AverageTimeToFull() (0x13)
Description: Returns a predicted remaining time until the battery reaches full charge (minutes), based on
AverageCurrent.
Purpose: The AverageTimeToFull() function can be used by the SMBus host's power management system to
aid in its policy. It may also be used to find out how long the system must be left on to achieve full charge.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—remaining time in minutes.
Units: Minutes
Range: 0 to 65,534 minutes
Granularity: 2 minutes or better
Accuracy: -0, +MaxError() * FullChargeCapacity() / AverageCurrent()
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the battery is not being charged.
ChargingCurrent() (0x14)
Description: Returns the desired charging rate in mA.
Purpose: The ChargingCurrent() function sets the maximum charge current of the battery.
TheChargingCurrent() value should be used in combination with the ChargingVoltage() value to set the charger's
operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2084-V143 to dynamically control the charging profile
(current/voltage) of the battery. The bq2084-V143 can effectively turn off a charger by returning a value of 0 for
this function. The charger may be operated as a constant-voltage source above its maximum regulated current
range by returning a ChargingCurrent() value of 65,535.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—maximum charger output current in mA.
Units: mA
Range: 0 to 65,535 mA
Granularity: 1 mA
Accuracy: Not applicable
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates that a charger should operate as a voltage source outside its
maximum regulated current range.
ChargingVoltage() (0x15)
Description: Returns the desired charging voltage in mV.
Purpose: The ChargingVoltage() function sets the maximum charge voltage of the battery. The
ChargingVoltage() value should be used in combination with the ChargingCurrent() value to set the charger's
operating point. Together, these functions permit the bq2084-V143 to dynamically control the charging profile
(current/voltage) of the battery. The charger may be operated as a constant-current source above its maximum
regulated voltage range by returning a ChargingVoltage() value of 65,535.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—charger output voltage in mV.
42
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Units: mV
Range: 0 to 65,535 mV
Granularity: 1 mV
Accuracy: Not applicable
Invalid Data Indication: 65,535 indicates the charger should operate as a current source outside its maximum
regulated voltage range.
BatteryStatus() (0x16)
Description: Returns the bq2084-V143 status word (flags). Some of the BatteryStatus() flags ( and
REMAINING_TIME_ALARM) are calculated on the basis of either current or power depending on the setting of
the BatteryMode()CAPACITY_MODE bit. This is important because use of the wrong calculation mode may
result in an inaccurate alarm.
Purpose: The BatteryStatus() function is used by the power management system to get alarm and status bits,
as well as error codes from the bq2084-V143. This is basically the same information broadcast to both the
SMBus host and the smart battery charger by the AlarmWarning() function except that the AlarmWarning()
function sets the error code bits all high before sending the data.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned Integer-status register with alarm conditions bit-mapped as follows:
ALARM BITS
0x8000
OVER_CHARGED_ALARM
0x4000
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM
0x2000
Reserved
0x1000
OVER_TEMP_ALARM
0x0800
TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM
0x0400
Reserved
0x0200
REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM
0x0100
REMAINING_TIME_ALARM
STATUS BITS
0x0080
Initialized
0x0040
DISCHARGING
0x0020
FULLY_CHARGED
0x0010
FULLY_DISCHARGED
ERROR CODES
0x0007
Unknown Error
0x0006
BadSize
0x0005
Overflow/Underflow
0x0004
AccessDenied
0x0003
UnsupportedCommand
0x0002
ReservedCommand
0x0001
Busy
0x0000
OK
ALARM BITS
OVER_CHARGED_ALARM bit is set whenever the bq2084-V143 detects that the battery is being charged
beyond the maximum overcharge limit, which is full capacity plus Maximum Overcharge DF 0x51-0x52. This bit
is cleared when the bq2084-V143 detects that the battery is no longer being charged and there are 2 mAh of
continuous discharge (i.e., the bq2084-V143 detects discharge activity or no activity above the digital filter).
Submit Documentation Feedback
43
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
TERMINATE_CHARGE_ALARM bit is set when the bq2084-V143 detects a primary charge termination. This bit
is cleared when the bq2084-V143 detects that the battery is no longer being charged.
OVER_TEMP_ALARM bit is set when the bq2084-V143 detects that the internal battery temperature is greater
than or equal to the OverTemperature Charge threshold while charging or OverTemperature Discharge
threshold while discharging. This bit is cleared when the internal temperature falls back below the
OverTemperature Charge Reset or OverTemperature Discharge Reset as appropriate.
TERMINATE_DISCHARGE_ALARM bit is set when RM = 0, Voltage() = Terminate Voltage DF 0x67-0x68, the
battery temperature is less than or equal to the Charge Suspend Temp Low DF 0x79 or the CVUV bit in pack
status is set indicating that a Li-ion cell voltage has dropped below the limit programmed in Cell Under. The bit is
cleared when Voltage() > Terminate Voltage, RM() > 0, and the CVUV bit is cleared.
REMAINING_CAPACITY_ALARM bit is set when the bq2084-V143 detects that RemainingCapacity() is less
than that set by the RemainingCapacityAlarm() function. This bit is cleared when either the value set by the
RemainingCapacityAlarm() function is lower than the RemainingCapacity() or when the RemainingCapacity() is
increased by charging.
REMAINING_TIME_ALARM bit is set when the bq2084-V143 detects that the estimated remaining time at the
present discharge rate is less than that set by the RemainingTimeAlarm() function. This bit is cleared when
either the value set by the RemainingTimeAlarm() function is lower than the AverageTimeToEmpty() or when the
AverageTimeToEmpty() is increased by charging.
STATUS BITS
The initialized bit is set when the bq2084-V143 has detected a valid load of data flash at full or partial reset. It is
cleared when the bq2084-V143 detects an improper data flash load.
DISCHARGING bit is set when the bq2084-V143 determines that the battery is not being charged. This bit is
cleared when the bq2084-V143 detects that the battery is being charged.
FULLY_CHARGED bit is set when the bq2084-V143 detects a primary charge termination or an Overcharge
condition. It is cleared when RelativeStateOfCharge() is less than the programmed Fully Charged Clear % in DF
0x4a.
FULLY_DISCHARGED bit is set when Voltage() or VCELL is less than the EDV2 threshold and Current() <
Overload Current or when RelativeStateOfCharge() < Battery Low %. This bit is cleared when
RelativeStateOfCharge() is greater than or equal to 20%.
ERROR CODES
ERROR CODES
DESCRIPTION
OK
The bq2084-V143 processed the function code without detecting any errors.
Busy
The bq2084-V143 is unable to process the function code at this time.
Reserved
The bq2084-V143 detected an attempt to read or write to a function code reserved by this version of the
specification.
The bq2084-V143 detected an attempt to access an unsupported optional manufacturer function code.
Unsupported
The bq2084-V143 does not support this function code which is defined in this version of the specification.
AccessDenied
The bq2084-V143 detected an attempt to write to a read-only function code.
Overflow/Underflow
The bq2084-V143 detected a data overflow or underflow.
BadSize
The bq2084-V143 detected an attempt to write to a function code with an incorrect data block.
UnknownError
The bq2084-V143 detected an unidentifiable error.
CycleCount()(0x17)
Description: Returns the number of cycles the battery has experienced. The mAh value of each count is
determined by programming the Cycle Count Threshold value in DF 0x38-0x39. The bq2084-V143 saves the
cycle count value to Cycle Count DF 0x0c-0x0d after an update to CycleCount().
Purpose: The CycleCount() function provides a means to determine the battery wear. It may be used to give
advance warning that the battery is nearing its end of life.
SMBus protocol: Read word
44
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Output: Unsigned integer—count of total charge removed from the battery over its life.
Units: cycle
Range: 0 to 65,534 cycles; 65,535 indicates battery has experienced 65,535 or more cycles.
Granularity: 1 cycle
Accuracy: Absolute count
DesignCapacity() (0x18)
Description: Returns the theoretical or nominal capacity of a new pack. The DesignCapacity() value is
expressed in either current (mAh at a C/5 discharge rate) or power, (10 mWh at a P/5 discharge rate) depending
on the setting of the BatteryMode()CAPACITY_MODE bit.
Purpose: The DesignCapacity() function is used by the SMBus host's power management along with
FullChargeCapacity() to determine battery wear. The power management system may present this information to
the user and also adjust its power policy as a result.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—battery capacity in units of mAh or 10 mWh.
BATTERY MODES
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 0
CAPACITY_MODE
BIT = 1
Units
mAh
10 mWh
Range
0-65,535 mAh
0-65,535 10 mWh
Granularity
Not applicable
Not applicable
Accuracy
Not applicable
Not applicable
DesignVoltage() (0x19)
Description: Returns the theoretical voltage of a new pack (mV). The bq2084-V143 sets DesignVoltage() to the
value programmed in Design Voltage DF 0x04-0x05.
Purpose: The DesignVoltage() function can be used to give additional information about a particular smart
battery expected terminal voltage.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—the battery's designed terminal voltage in mV
Units: mV
Range: 0 to 65,535 mV
Granularity: Not applicable
Accuracy: Not applicable
SpecificationInfo() (0x1a)
Description: Returns the version number of the smart battery specification the battery pack supports, as well as
voltage and current scaling information in a packed unsigned integer. Power scaling is the product of the voltage
scaling times the current scaling. The SpecificationInfo() is packed in the following fashion:
(SpecID_H × 0x10 + SpecID_L) + (VScale + IPScale × 0x10) × 0x100.
The bq2084-V143 VScale (voltage scaling) and IPScale (current scaling) should always be set to zero. The
bq2084-V143 sets SpecificationInfo() to the value programmed in Specification Information DF 0x06-0x07.
Purpose: The SpecificationInfo() function is used by the SMBus host's power management system to determine
what information the smart battery can provide.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer—packed specification number and scaling information:
Submit Documentation Feedback
45
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
FIELD
BITS USED
FORMAT
ALLOWABLE VALUES
SpecID_L
0...3
4-bit binary value
0–15
SpecID_H
4...7
4-bit binary value
0–15
VScale
8...11
4-bit binary value
0 (multiplies voltage by 10^ VScale)
IPScale
12...15
4-bit binary value
0 (multiplies current by 10 ^ IPScale)
ManufactureDate() (0x1b)
Description: This function returns the date the cell pack was manufactured in a packed integer. The date is
packed in the following fashion: (year-1980) * 512 + month * 32 + day. The bq2084-V143 sets
ManufactureDate() to the value programmed in Manufacture Date DF 0x08-0x09.
Purpose: The ManufactureDate() provides the system with information that can be used to uniquely identify a
particular battery pack when used along with SerialNumber().
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer-packed date of manufacture:
FIELD
BITS USED
FORMAT
Day
0...4
5-bit binary value
0-31 (corresponds to date)
ALLOWABLE VALUES
Month
5...8
4-bit binary value
1-12 (corresponds to month number)
Year
9...15
7-bit binary value
0-127 (corresponds to year biased by 1980)
SerialNumber() (0x1c)
Description: This function is used to return a serial number. This number, when combined with the
ManufacturerName(), the DeviceName(), and the ManufactureDate(), uniquely identifies the battery (unsigned
integer). The bq2084-V143 sets SerialNumber() to the value programmed in Serial Number DF 0x0a-0x0b.
Purpose: The SerialNumber() function can be used to identify a particular battery. This may be important in
systems that are powered by multiple batteries where the system can log information about each battery that it
encounters.
SMBus protocol: Read word
Output: Unsigned integer
ManufacturerName() (0x20)
Description: This function returns a character array containing the battery manufacturer's name. For example,
MyBattCo identifies the smart battery manufacturer as MyBattCo. The bq2084-V143 sets ManufacturerName() to
the value programmed in Manufacturer Name DF 0x0e-0x19. When Misc Configuration 2 SSTRING is set then
the extended manufacturer name data flash is appended (0x151-0x15f).
Purpose: The ManufacturerName() function returns the name of the smart battery manufacturer. The
manufacturer's name can be displayed by the SMBus host's power management system display as both an
identifier and as an advertisement for the manufacturer. The name is also useful as part of the information
required to uniquely identify a battery.
SMBus protocol: Read block
Output: String—character string with maximum length of 11 characters (11 + length byte).
DeviceName() (0x21)
Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery name. For example, a
DeviceName() of bq2084-V143 indicates that the battery is a model bq2084-V143. The bq2084-V143 sets
DeviceName() to the value programmed in Device Name DF 0x1a-0x21. When Misc Configuration 2 SSTRING
is set then the extended device name data flash is appended (0x141-0x14f)
Purpose: The DeviceName() function returns the battery name for identification purposes.
SMBus protocol: Read block
Output: String—character string with maximum length of 7 characters (7 + length byte).
46
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
DeviceChemistry() (0x22)
Description: This function returns a character string that contains the battery chemistry. For example, if the
DeviceChemistry() function returns NiMH, the battery pack contains nickel metal hydride cells. The bq2084-V143
sets DeviceChemistry() to the value programmed in Device Chemistry DF 0x22-0x26.
Purpose: The DeviceChemistry() function gives cell chemistry information for use by charging systems. The
bq2084-V143 does not use DeviceChemisty() values for internal charge control or fuel gauging.
SMBus protocol: Read block
Output: String—character string with maximum length of 4 characters (4 + length byte).
The following is a partial list of chemistries and their expected abbreviations. These abbreviations are not case
sensitive.
CHEMISTRY
ABBREVIATIONS
Lead acid
PbAc
Lithium ion
LION
Nickel cadmium
NiCd
Nickel metal hydride
NiMH
Nickel zinc
NiZn
Rechargeable alkaline-manganese
RAM
Zinc air
ZnAr
The ManufacturerData() (0x23)
Description: This function allows access to the manufacturer data contained in the battery (data). The
bq2084-V143 stores seven critical operating parameters in this data area.
Purpose: The ManufacturerData() function may be used to access the manufacturer's data area. The data fields
of this command reflect the programming of eight critical data flash locations and can be used to facilitate
evaluation of the bq2084-V143 under various programming sets. The ManufacturerData() function returns the
following information in order: Pack Configuration, Gauge Configuration, Misc Configuration (2 bytes), Digital
Filter, Self Discharge Rate, Pack Load Estimate, Battery Low%, and Near Full (2 bytes) AFE Status, and the
pending EDV threshold voltage (low byte and high byte).
SMBus protocol: Read block
Output: Block data—data that reflects data flash programming as assigned by the manufacturer with maximum
length of 13 characters (13 + length byte).
Pack Status and Pack Configuration (0x2f)
This function returns the pack status and pack configuration registers. The pack status register contains a
number of status bits relating to bq2084-V143 operation. The pack status register is the least significant byte of
the word. The pack configuration register reflects how the bq2084-V143 is configured as defined by the value
programmed in Pack Configuration in DF 0x28.
The pack status register consists of the following bits:
b7
PRES
b6
EDV2
b5
SS
b4
VDQ
b3
AFEFAIL
b2
PF
b1
CVOV
b0
CVUV
PRES
The PRES bit indicates that the bq2084-V143 has been inserted into the system.
0
bq2084-V143 is out of the system
1
bq2084-V143 is inserted into a system
Submit Documentation Feedback
47
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
EDV2
The EDV2 bit indicates that pack or cell voltage (program option) is less than the EDV2 threshold.
0
Voltage > EDV2 threshold (discharging)
1
Voltage = EDV2 threshold
SS
The SS bit indicates the seal state of the bq2084-V143.
0
The bq2084-V143 is in the unsealed state.
1
The bq2084-V143 is in the sealed state.
AFEFAIL
The AFEFAIL bit indicates that AFE communications has failed.
0
AFE communications are okay.
1
AFE communications have failed.
VDQ
The VDQ bit indicates if the present discharge cycle is valid for an FCC update.
0
Discharge cycle not valid
1
Discharge cycle valid
PF
The PF bit indicates that the bq2084-V143 PF Flag has been set. It is cleared only when the PF Flag has been
cleared.
0
bq2084-V143 PF Flag = 0x00
1
bq2084-V143 PF Flag = 0x66
CVOV
The CVOV bit indicates that a protection limit has been exceeded including Prolonged Overcurrent,
Overvoltage, or Overtemperature conditions. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present fault status.
0
No secondary protection limits exceeded
1
A secondary protection limit exceeded
CVUV
The CVUV bit indicates that a protection limit has been exceeded including overload or overdischarge
conditions. The bit is not latched and merely reflects the present fault status.
0
No secondary protection limits exceeded
1
A secondary protection limit exceeded
VCELL4-VCELL1 (0x3c-0x3f)
These functions return the calculated individual cell voltages in mV. If NVCELL is set in Misc Configuration 2
then the SMBus commands are changed to 0x38-0x3b). The alternative commands are NACK'ed when not
selected.
DATA FLASH
General
The bq2084-V143 accesses the internal data flash during reset and when storing historical data. The data flash
stores basic configuration information for use by the bq2084-V143. The data flash must be programmed
correctly for proper bq2084-V143 operation.
48
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Memory Map
The following table shows the memory map for the data flash. It shows the default programming for the
bq2084-V143. The default programming reflects example data for a 3s2p Li-ion battery pack with a 0.02-Ω
sense resistor. The data flash must be reprogrammed to meet the requirements of individual applications.
DATA FLASH ADDRESS
NAME
LI-ION EXAMPLE
0x01
Remaining Time Alarm
0x03
Remaining Capacity Alarm
0x04
0x05
0x06
HIGH BYTE
LOW BYTE
0x00
0x02
DATA
MSB
LSB
10 minutes
00
0a
360 mAh
01
68
Design Voltage
14400 mV
38
40
0x07
Specification Information
v1.1/PEC
00
31
0x08
0x09
Manufacture Date
1/1/2003=11809
2e
21
0x0a
0x0b
Serial Number
1
00
01
0x0c
0x0d
Cycle Count
0
00
00
0x0e
Manufacturer Name Length
11
0b
0x0f
Character 1
T
54
0x10
Character 2
e
45
0x11
Character 3
x
58
0x12
Character 4
a
41
0x13
Character 5
s
53
0x14
Character 6
0x15
Character 7
I
49
0x16
Character 8
n
4e
0x17
Character 9
s
53
0x18
Character 10
t
54
0x19
Character 11
.
2e
0x1a
Device Name Length
6
06
0x1b
Character 1
b
42
0x1c
Character 2
q
51
0x1d
Character 3
2
32
0x1e
Character 4
0
30
20
0x1f
Character 5
8
38
0x20
Character 6
4
34
0x21
Character 7
—
00
0x22
Device Chemistry Length
4
04
0x23
Character 1
L
4c
0x24
Character 2
I
49
0x25
Character 3
O
4f
0x26
Character 4
N
4e
0x27
Manufacturer Data Length
9
09
0x28
Pack Configuration
DMODE, 4-LEDs, 4-CELL
c3
Gauge Configuration
CSYNC, OTVC
Misc Configuration
OT, VOD
0x2c
Digital Filter (Dead Band)
9860 nV
22
0x2d
Self-Discharge Rate
0.2%
14
0x2e
Electronics Load
0 mA
00
0x2f
Battery Low % (MSB)
7.03%
12
0x29
0x2a
0x2b
41
0b
00
0x30
0x31
Near Full
200 mAh
00
c8
0x32
0x33
Design Capacity
7200 mAh
1c
20
0x34
0x35
Reserved
0
00
00
Submit Documentation Feedback
49
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
DATA FLASH ADDRESS
LI-ION EXAMPLE
DATA
HIGH BYTE
LOW BYTE
MSB
LSB
0x36
0x37
Full Charge Capacity
7200 mAh
1c
20
0x38
0x39
Cycle Count Threshold
5200 mAh
14
50
0x3a
0x3b
Charging Voltage
16800 mV
41
a0
c4
0x3c
0x3d
Precharge Voltage
2500 mV
09
0x3e
0x3f
Fast-Charging Current
2500 mA
09
c4
0x40
0x41
Maintenance Charging Current
0 mA
00
00
0x42
0x43
00
64
Precharge Current
100 mA
0x44
Precharge Temperature
9.6°C
60
0x45
Precharge Temperature Hysteresis
3.0°C
1e
0x46
Charge Inhibit Temp Low
0.0°C
Charge Inhibit Temp High
50°C
0x49
Fast Charge Termination %
100%
ff
0x4a
Fully Charged Clear %
95%
5f
0x47
0x48
00
01
f4
0x4b
0x4c
Current Taper Threshold
240 mA
00
f0
0x4d
0x4e
Current Taper Qual Voltage
300 mV
01
2c
Current Taper Window
40s
0x4f
0x50
0x51
28
Reserved
0x52
Maximum Overcharge
0x53
Reserved
0x54
Charge Efficiency
0x55
Reserved
0x56
0x57
0x58
50
NAME
40
300 mAh
01
2c
02
100%
ff
64
Reserved
02
Reserved
22
32
0x59
0x5a
Reserved
01
ae
0x5b
0x5c
Overload Current
5000 mA
13
88
0x5d
0x5e
Over Voltage Margin
700 mV
02
bc
0x5f
0x60
Reserved
01
f4
0x61
0x62
Clear Fail Current
256 mA
01
00
0x63
0x64
Cell Over Voltage
4350 mV
10
fe
0x65
0x66
Cell Under Voltage
2300 mV
08
fc
0x67
0x68
Terminate Voltage
11300 mV
2c
24
0x69
0x6a
Reserved
00
00
0x6b
0x6c
Safety Over Voltage
20000 mV
3a
98
0x6d
0x6e
Charge Suspend Temp High
60°C
02
58
0x6f
0x70
Charge Suspend Temp High Reset
55°C
02
26
0x71
0x72
Over Temperature Discharge
70°C
02
bc
0x73
0x74
Over Temperature Discharge Reset
60°C
02
58
0x75
0x76
Safety OverTemperature Charge
75°C
02
ee
0x77
0x78
Safety OverTemperature Discharge
75°C
02
ee
0x79
Charge Suspend Temp Low
0°C
00
0x7a
Reserved
0x7b
Current Deadband
3 mA
03
Shutdown Voltage
8800 mV
22
60
VOC75
15848 mV
3d
e8
0x7c
0x7d
0x7e
0x7f
ef
0x80
Reserved
bf
0x81
Reserved
56
0x82
Reserved
40
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
DATA FLASH ADDRESS
HIGH BYTE
LOW BYTE
0x83
0x84
NAME
LI-ION EXAMPLE
VOC50
15240 mV
DATA
MSB
LSB
3b
88
0x85
Reserved
7f
0x86
Reserved
3d
0x87
0x88
Reserved
0x89
VOC25
27
15024 mV
3a
b0
0x8a
Reserved
3f
0x8b
Reserved
24
0x8c
Reserved
0e
0x8d
Reserved
14
0x8e
Voltage Average Time
1s
0x8f
Correction Current Limit
64 mA
01
40
0x90
0x91
Reserved
0b
e1
0x92
0x93
Reserved
0b
68
0x95
0x96
EMF/EDV0
3000 mV
0b
b8
0x97
0x98
EDV C0 Factor/EDV1
3250 mV
0c
b2
0x99
0x9a
EDV R0 Factor/EDV2
3400 mV
0d
48
0x9b
0x9c
EDV T0 Factor
0
00
00
0x9d
0x9e
EDV R1 Factor
0
00
00
0x94
Reserved
19
0x9f
EDV TC Factor
0
00
0xa0
EDV C1 Factor
0
00
0xa1
Reserved
08
0xa2
Reserved
9b
0xa3
Reserved
c7
0xa4
Reserved
64
0xa5
Reserved
14
0xa6
0xa7
Reserved
02
00
0xa8
0xa9
Reserved
01
00
0xaa
Reserved
0xab
Reserved
0xac
Learning Low Temp
0xad
Reserved
08
02
11.9°C
77
0a
0xae
0xaf
Reserved
01
80
0xb0
0xb1
Reserved
01
00
0xb2
Reserved
08
0xb3
Reserved
18
0xb4
Reserved
14
0xb5
0xb6
TS Const 1
91
83
0xb7
0xb8
TS Const 2
51
70
0xb9
0xba
TS Const 3
e2
8f
0xbb
0xbc
TS Const 4
0f
ac
0xbd
0xbe
TS Const 5
00
00
0xbf
0xc0
Reserved
0f
ac
0xc1
Reserved
02
0xc2
AFE State Control
00
0xc3
AFE Function Control
00
0xc4
AFE Cell Select
00
Submit Documentation Feedback
51
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
DATA FLASH ADDRESS
NAME
LI-ION EXAMPLE
0xc5
AFE Overload
140 mV
0xc6
AFE Overload Delay
31 ms
0xc7
AFE Short Circuit Charge
HIGH BYTE
LOW BYTE
0xc8
AFE Vref*
0xcb
0xcc
Sense Resistor Gain*
0xcd
0xce
CC Delta*
(1)
0xcf
0xd0
CC Delta*
(1)
0f
17
17
9750 mV
26
16
0.02 &
3b
d0
0.0000323 mAh
92
0a
16
00
0xd3
CC Offset*
fa
(2)
49701
c2
25
0xd4
DSC Offset*
(2)
38
26
0xd5
ADC Offset*
(2)
38
26
0
00
Temperature Offset* (1)
0xd7
Board Offset*
(1)
0
00
0xd8
0xd9
Reserved
00
40
0xda
0xdb
Reserved
01
00
0xdc
0xdd
Reserved
0xde
0xdf
Version
05
1.0
Reserved
01
00
00
32
0xe0
0xe1
Cell Over Voltage Reset
4150 mV
10
36
0xe2
0xe3
Cell Under Voltage Reset
3000 mV
0b
b8
0xe4
0xe5
AFE Fail Limit
2 counts
00
02
0xe6
0xe7
Reserved
ff
ff
0xe8
0xe9
Cell Balance Thresh
3900 mV
0f
3c
0xea
0xeb
Cell Balance Window
100 mV
00
64
Cell Balance Min
40 mV
Cell Balance Interval
20 s
0xec
0xed
52
(1)
LSB
12
Reserved
0xd6
(2)
(1)
0xca
0xd1
(1)
MSB
AFE Short Circuit Discharge
0xc9
0xd2
DATA
28
14
0xee
0xef
Cell Imbalance Threshold
01
f4
0xf0
0xf1
Balance Vcell Max
10
36
0xf2
0xf3
Balance Imax
00
9e
0xf4
0xf5
Reserved
a5
5a
0xf6
0xf7
Reserved
7a
43
0xf8
0xf9
Reserved
20
83
0xfa
Battery Low (LSB)
7.03 %
12
0xfb
AFE Check Time
0s
00
0xfc
Sleep Current Thresh
2 mA
04
0xfd
Sleep Current Multiplier
5 counts
05
0xfe
Sleep Time
20 s
14
0xff
0x100
Manufacturer Info 1
00
00
0x101
0x102
Manufacturer Info 2
00
00
0x103
0x104
Manufacturer Info 3
00
00
0x105
0x106
Vmax Charge Voltage
4280 mv
10
b8
0x107
0x108
Voff Charge Voltage
4280 mv
10
b8
0x109
0x10a
Von Charge Voltage
4200 mv
10
68
Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are typical calibration values that can be adjusted for maximum
accuracy. For these locations, the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.
Reserved locations must be set as shown. Locations marked with an * are typical calibration values that can be adjusted for maximum
accuracy. For these locations, the table shows the appropriate default or initial setting.
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
DATA FLASH ADDRESS
NAME
LI-ION EXAMPLE
DATA
HIGH BYTE
LOW BYTE
MSB
LSB
0x10b
0x10c
Pulse Max On Time
60 s
01
e0
0x10d
0x10e
Pulse Min Off Time
0.125 s
00
01
0x10f
0x110
Max Charge Time
7200 s
1c
20
0x111
0x112
Precharge Detection Current
10 mA
00
0a
0x113
0x114
Charge Detection Current
100 mA
00
64
0x115
0x116
Discharge Detection Current
-150 mA
ff
6a
0x117
0x118
Reserved
10
68
0x119
0x11a
Reserved
10
36
0x11b
0x11c
Reserved
00
0x11d
Permanent Fail Status
0
00
0x11e
Permanent Fail Flag
0
00
0x11f
Permanent Fail Config
0
00
0x120
Permanent Fail Input Time
0
00
0x121
0x122
Reserved
17
12
0x123
0x124
Reserved
26
73
0x125
0x126
FET Fail Charge Current
20 mA
00
20
0x127
0x128
FET Fail Discharge Current
-20 mA
ff
FET Fail Time
20 s
0x12b
Charge OC Threshold
4000 mA
Charge OC Time
6s
0x12e
Discharge OC Threshold
10970 mA
0x12f
Discharge OC Time
10 s
00
0x130
Fault Reset Time
30 s
1e
0x129
0x12a
0x12c
0x12d
0x131
0x132
VPACK Threshold
ec
14
0f
a0
06
2a
07
da
d0
0x133
Shutdown Timer
20 s
14
0x134
Cell Imbalance Time
20 s
14
0x135
0x136
0x137
0x138
0x139
Reserved
EDV0
3000mV
0b
Misc Configuration 2
b8
00
0x13a
13b
Reserved
ff
ff
0x13c
13d
Reserved
ff
ff
0x13e
13f
Reserved
ff
0x140
0x141
Aux Device Name Length
0x14f
0x150
0x151
Aux Device Name
Aux Manufacturer Name Length
0x15f
0 bytes
00
0 bytes
Aux Manufacturer Name
ff
00
00
00
00
00
0x160
AFE Recovery
3s
03
0x161
AFE Holdoff
30s
1e
0x162
Over Temperature Time
10s
0a
0x163
0x164
Reserved
0x165
Reserved
0x168
Max 32K Reinit
Submit Documentation Feedback
00
0a
0a
3
03
53
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING INFORMATION
ADDITIONAL DATA FLASH PROGRAMMING
The following sections describe the function of each data flash location and how the data is to be stored.
Fundamental Parameters
Sense Resistor Value
The 32-bit CC Delta DF 0xcd-0xd0 corrects the coulomb counter for sense resistor variations. It represents the
gain factor for the coulomb counter. The 16-bit Sense Resistor Gain in DF 0xcb-0xcc scales each integrating
converter conversion to mAh. The Current() related measurement Sense Resistor Gain is based on the
resistance of the series sense resistor. The following formula computes a nominal or starting value for Sense
Resistor Gain from the sense resistor value (in Ω).
Sense Resistor Gain = 306.25/Rs
RSNS Value (mΩ)
Sense Resistor Gain
5
61250
10
30625
20
15312
CC offset
CC offset DF 0xd2-0xd3, contains the offset for the coulomb counter. It is automatically updated when the pack
has met the conditions for sleep, before it enters sleep mode.
DSC offset
DSC offset DF 0xd4, contains the offset for the pack ground reference. It is automatically updated when the
pack has met the conditions for sleep, before it enters sleep mode.
ADC offset
ADC offset DF 0xd5, contains the offset for the a/d converter. It is automatically updated when the pack has
met the conditions for sleep, before it enters sleep mode.
Digital Filter
The desired digital filter threshold, VDF (V), is set by the value stored in Digital Filter DF 0x2c.
Digital Filter = VDF / 290 nV
CELL AND PACK CHARACTERISTICS
Battery Pack Capacity and Voltage
Pack capacity in mAh units is stored in Design Capacity, DF 0x32-0x33. In mAh mode, the bq2084-V143 copies
Design Capacity to DesignCapacity(). In mWh mode, the bq2084-V143 multiplies Design Capacity by Design
Voltage DF 0x04-0x05 to calculate DesignCapacity() scaled to 10 mWh. Design Voltage is stored in mV.
The initial value for Full Charge Capacity, in mAh, is stored in DF 0x36-0x37. Full Charge Capacity is modified
over the course of pack usage to reflect cell aging under the particular use conditions. The bq2084-V143
updates Full Charge Capacity in mAh after a capacity learning cycle.
Remaining Time Alarm and Capacity Alarm
Remaining Time Alarm in DF 0x02-0x03 set the alarm thresholds used in the SMBus command codes 0x01 and
0x02, respectively. Remaining Time Alarm is stored in minutes and Remaining Capacity Alarm in units of mAh or
10 mWh, depending on the BatteryMode() setting.
54
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Cycle Count Initialization
Cycle Count DF 0x0c-0x0d stores the initial value for the CycleCount() function. It should be programmed to
0x0000.
Cycle Count Threshold
Cycle Count Threshold 0x37-0x38 sets the number of mAh that must be removed from the battery to increment
CycleCount(). Cycle Count threshold is a 16-bit value stored in mAh.
Charge Efficiency
The bq2084-V143 applies the efficiency factor, EFF%, to all charge added to the battery. EFF% is encoded in
Charge Efficiency DF 0x54 according to the following equation:
Charge Efficiency = (EFF% w 2.56-1)
PACK OPTIONS
Pack Configuration
Pack Configuration DF 0x28 contains bit-programmable features.
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
DMODE
LED1
LED0
HPE
CPE
SM
CC1
CC0
DMODE
The DMODE bit determines whether the LED outputs indicate AbsoluteStateOfCharge() or
RelativeStateOfCharge().
0
LEDs reflect AbsoluteStateOfCharge()
1
LEDs reflect RelativeStateOfCharge()
LED1–LED0
The LED bits set the number of LEDs for Remaining Capacity () indication.
0-0
Configures the bq2084-V143 for five LEDs
0-1
Configures the bq2084-V143 for three LEDs
1-0
Configures the bq2084-V143 for four LEDs
1-1
Configures the bq2084-V143 for five LEDs
HPE
The HPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the smart battery host for master mode alarm messages.
0
No PEC byte on alarm warning to host
1
PEC byte on alarm warning to host
CPE
The CPE bit enables/disables PEC transmissions to the smart battery charger for master mode messages.
0
No PEC byte on broadcasts to charger
1
PEC byte on broadcasts to charger
SM
The SM bit enables/disables master mode broadcasts by the bq2084-V143.
0
Broadcasts to host and charger enabled
1
Broadcasts to host and charger disabled
If the SM bit is set, modifications to bits in BatteryMode() do not re-enable broadcasts.
Submit Documentation Feedback
55
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
CC1–CC0
The CC bits configure the bq2084-V143 for the number of series cells in the battery pack.
1-1
Configures the bq2084-V143 for four series cells
1-0
Configures the bq2084-V143 for three series cells
0-1
Configures the bq2084-V143 for two series cells
Gauge Configuration
Gauge Configuration DF 0x29 contains bit-programmable features:
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
FEDV0
CSYNC
SC
CEDV
EDVV
OVSEL
VCOR
OTVC
FEDV0
When this bit is set, the EDV0 voltage is fixed while the EDV1 and EDV2 are left as compensated values if
CEDV is also set. When this bit is set, the compensated values of EDV1 and EDV2 are limited from going
below EDV0.
0
EDV0 acted upon per CEDV bit setting
1
EDV0 fixed regardless of CEDV setting
CSYNC
In usual operation of the bq2084-V143, the CSYNC bit is set so that the coulomb counter is adjusted when a
fast charge termination is detected. In some applications, especially those where an externally controlled
charger is used, it may be desirable not to adjust the coulomb counter. In these cases the CSYNC bit should
be cleared.
0
The bq2084-V143 does not alter RM at the time of a valid charge termination.
1
The bq2084-V143 updates RM with a programmed percentage of FCC at a valid charger termination.
SC
The SC bit enables learning cycle optimization for a Smart Charger or independent charge.
1
Learning cycle optimized for independent charger
0
Learning cycle optimized for Smart Charger
CEDV
The CEDV bit determines whether the bq2084-V143 implements automatic EDV compensation to calculate the
EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2 thresholds base on rate, temperature, and capacity. If the bit is cleared, the
bq2084-V143 uses the fixed values programmed in data flash for EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2. If the bit is set, the
bq2084-V143 calculates EDV0, EDV1, and EDV2.
0
EDV compensation disabled
1
EDV compensation enabled
EDVV
The EDVV bit selects whether EDV termination is to be done with regard to Voltage () or the lowest single-cell
voltage.
0
EDV conditions determined on the basis of the lowest single-cell voltage
1
EDV conditions determined on the basis of Voltage()
OVSEL
The OVSEL bit determines if Safety Over Voltage is based on Voltage () or highest cell voltages.
0
56
Safety overvoltage based on Voltage ()
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
1
Safety overvoltage based on highest cell voltage multiplied by the number of cells and then compared
to the safety voltage.
VCOR
The VCOR bit enables the midrange voltage correction algorithm. When it is set, the bq2084-V143 compares
the pack voltage to RM and may adjust RM according to the values programmed in VOC25, VOC50, and
VOC75.
0
Continuous midrange corrections disabled
1
Continuous midrange corrections enabled
OTVC
The OTVC bit programs the bq2084-V143 to perform a midrange voltage one time after a device reset
0
One-time midrange correction disabled
1
One-time midrange correction enabled
Miscellaneous Configuration
Misc Configuration DF 0x2a (high) and 0x2b (low) contains additional bit programmable features.
Misc Configuration (high) DF 0x2a
b15
b14
b13
b12
b11
b10
b9
b8
IT
0
AFEDET
DS
OT
ECLED
1
VOD
IT
The IT bit configures the bq2084-V143 to use its internal temperature sensor. The DF constants 0xb5-0xc0
need to match the required thermistor on internal temperature sensor. See the Data Flash Settings for Internal
or External Temperature Sensor Table.
0
bq2084-V143 requires an external thermistor.
1
bq2084-V143 uses its internal temperature sensor.
AFEDET
The AFEDET bit programs the bq2084-V143 to look for errors with I2C communications and the AFE and
enables the detection of the AFE permanent failure if bit 3 of PF Config 0x11f is set.
0
Does not verify AFE communications.
1
Does verify AFE communications.
DS
The DS bit programs the bq2084-V143 to enter sleep mode on SMBus inactivity.
0
bq2084-V143 enters sleep mode when the SMBus is low for 2 s.
1
bq2084-V143 does not enter sleep mode.
OT
The OT bit enables the bq2084-V143 to turn off the FETs when the bq2084-V143 detects an overtemperature
condition.
1
bq2084-V143 turns the appropriate FET off under over temperature conditions
0
bq2084-V143 takes no FET action at all on over temperature conditions
ECLED
The ECLED bit programs the LED activity during charging (DSG bit = 0).
0
The LEDs are not enabled during charging.
1
The LEDs are enabled during charging.
Submit Documentation Feedback
57
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
VOD
The VOD bit enables a 1-s time delay in the setting of the CVOV and CVUV bits in PackStatus.
0
No delay
1
1-s delay
Misc Configuration (low) DF 0x2b
b7
LEDRCA
b6
PFET1
b5
PFET0
b4
NR
b3
CHGFET
b2
0
b1
0
b0
DSGOT
LEDRCA
The LEDRCA bit programs the LED to blink when there is a RemainingCapacityAlarm.
0
The LEDs blink when there is a RemainingCapacityAlarm.
1
The LEDs are off when there is a RemainingCapacityAlarm.
PFET1, PFET0
The PFETx bits define the precharge FET operation. See the bq29312 data sheet for more detail.
0,0
The bq29312 ZVCHG FET is turned on for precharge. Assumes charger has precharge function.
0,1
The charge FET is turned on for precharge. Assumes charger has precharge function.
1,0
The bq29312 OD FET is turned on for precharge. Assumes charger does not have precharge function.
1,1
Not defined, unpredictable operation
NR
The NR bit defines whether the bq2084-V143 is to be used with a nonremovable system battery. If set to
indicate a nonremovable system battery there are additional clear conditions for a battery failure due to
overcharge, overcurrent, and overload. The additional conditions besides battery removal (defined as the loss
system present pin going high) are either detection of an opposite current of that caused the failure or when
AverageCurrent() is less than Clear Fail Current DF 0x61, 0x62 for a time defined by Fault Reset Time DF
0x130. Also, for a nonremovable battery the charge FET is left on for discharge current failures and the
discharge FET is left on for charge current failures.
0
Removable battery, battery fail conditions cleared by battery removal only.
1
Nonremovable system battery.
CHGFET
The CHGFET bit programs the charge FET to remain on even after a charge terminate condition.
0
The charge FET is turned off after a charge termination condition.
1
The charge FET is turned on after a charge termination condition.
DSGOT
When this bit is set, it allows the DSG FET to remain on after overtemperature in charge conditions
0
bq2084-V143 turns both FETs off during an overtemperature in charge
1
bq2084-V143 only turns off the CHG FET during overtemperature in charge
Misc Configuration 2 (low byte) (0x139)
b7
0
b6
0
b5
SSTRING
b4
NVCELL
b3
CCDSG
b2
SOCL
b1
CVFC
b0
DEPFET
SSTRING
When this bit is set, it enables an additional 15 characters of storage for both SBS.ManufacturerName( ) and
SBS.DeviceName( ). (Storage is in separate area of data flash)
0
58
ManufacturerName( ) and DeviceName( ) strings are 11 and 7 characters respectively
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
1
ManufacturerName( ) and DeviceName( ) strings are 26 and 22 characters respectively
NVCELL
When this bit is set, it forces SBS.VCELL1..4( ) to be accessible via alternative commands.
0
SBS.VCELL1..4( ) available via 0x3c-0x3f
1
SBS.VCELL1..4( ) available via 0x38-0x3b
CCDSG
When this bit is set, it forces SBS.ChargingCurrent( ) to be reported as 0 when SBS.BatteryStatus( )
DISCHARGING is also set.
0
SBS.ChargingCurrent( ) is not modified just because SBS.BatteryStatus( ) DISCHARGING is set.
1
SBS.ChargingCurrent( ) is set to 0 when SBS.BatteryStatus( ) DISCHARGING is set.
SOCL
When this bit is set, it limits both RSOC and ASOC to 99% until a valid charge termination is detected.
0
RSOC and ASOC are not limited.
1
RSOC and ASOC are limited to 99% until charge termination.
CVFC
When this bit is set, it causes SBS.ChargingVoltage( ) to be set to 0 when SBS.BatteryStatus( ) FC = 1.
0
SBS.ChargingVoltage( ) is not modified
1
SBS.ChargingVoltage( ) is set to 0 when FC = 1
DEPFET
When this bit is set, it enables the CHG FET to be turned on when in depleted mode and when the lowest cell
voltage reading is greater than the precharge voltage threshold
0
No FET action taken
1
CHG FET turned on
Constants and String Data
Specification Information
Specification Information DF 0x06-0x07 stores the default value for the SpecificationInfo() function. It is stored in
data flash in the same format as the data returned by the SpecificationInfo().
Manufacture Date
Manufacture Date DF 0x08-0x09 stores the default value for the ManufactureDate() function. It is stored in data
flash in the same format as the data returned by the ManufactureDate().
Serial Number
Serial Number DF 0x0a-0x0b stores the default value for the SerialNumber() function. It is stored in data flash in
the same format as the data returned by the SerialNumber().
Manufacturer Name Data
Manufacturer Name Length DF 0x0e stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the
ManufacturerName() function. Locations DF 0x0f-0x19 store the characters for ManufacturerName() in ASCII
code.
Device Name Data
Device Name Length DF 0x1a stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the DeviceName()
function. Locations DF 0x1b-0x21 store the characters for DeviceName() in ASCII code.
Submit Documentation Feedback
59
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Device Chemistry Data
Device Chemistry Length DF 0x22 stores the length of the desired string that is returned by the
DeviceChemistry() function. Locations DF 0x23-0x26 store the characters for DeviceChemistry() in ASCII code.
Manufacturers Data Length
Manufacturers Data Length DF 0x27 stores the length of the desired number of bytes that is returned by the
ManufacturersData() function. It should be set to 9.
Temperature Limits
The limits described below are extensions to those limits detailed in the safety and charging sections of this data
sheet.
Charge Suspend Temp Low
Charge Suspend Temp Low DF 0x79 sets the lowest temperature, in degrees C/10, at which normal operation is
allowed. If the temperature falls below this limit, the pack goes into a temporary failure state, the charge FET is
turned off, and the MAC status is set to system present. It is cleared when the pack warms, or the pack is
removed.
Charge Inhibit Temp Low
Charge Inhibit Temp Low DF 0x46 inhibits charging by setting ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage() to 0
and turn off the CHG FET. It is programmed in degrees C/10 and the range of -12.8°C to 12.7°C.
Charge Inhibit Temp High
Charge Inhibit Temp High DF 0x47 - 0x48 inhibits charging by setting ChargingCurrent() and ChargingVoltage()
to 0
Charge Suspend Temp High
Charge Suspend Temp High DF 0x6d-0x6e sets the highest temperature, in degrees C/10, at which charging
will be allowed to continue. If this temperature is exceeded during charging, the pack goes into a temporary
failure state, and the MAC status is set to system present. It is cleared when the pack cools below
OverTemperature Charge Reset, or ac adapter is removed, or the pack is removed. Charging can only resume
when the temperature returns to within the charge start temperature limits.
Charge Suspend Temp High Reset
Charge Suspend Temp High Reset DF 0x6f-0x70 sets the temperature, in degrees C/10, at which the pack
recovers from Charge Suspend Temp High fault.
Over Temperature Discharge
Over Temperature Discharge DF 0x71-0x72 sets the highest temperature, in degrees C/10, at which discharging
will be allowed. If the pack exceeds this temperature, charge and discharge FETs are turned off, and MAC
status is set to system present. The pack returns to normal operation when the temperature falls below Over
Temperature Discharge Reset, or if the pack is removed.
Over Temperature Discharge Reset
Over Temperature Discharge Reset DF 0x73-0x74 sets the temperature, in degrees C/10, at which the pack will
recover from Over Temperature Discharge Over temperature will also reset when the pack is removed from the
system if not in the non-removable mode.
Failure Detection Thresholds
Safety OverTemperature Charge
Safety OverTemperature Charge DF 0x75-0x76 sets the temperature, in degrees C/10, above which, during
charging, the pack enters permanent failure, if the XSOTC bit in Permanent Failure Configuration is set.
60
Submit Documentation Feedback
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
Safety OverTemperature Discharge
Safety OverTemperature Discharge DF 0x77-0x78 sets the temperature, in degrees C/10, above which, during
discharging, the pack enters permanent failure, if the XSOTD bit in Permanent Failure Configuration is set.
Charge Detection Current
Charge Detection Current DF 0x113-0x114 sets the threshold in milliamperes for detecting charge current. This
is a signed value and is positive. This threshold is used for detecting cross-conduction, and ensuring that charge
termination is not improperly detected due to loss of charging current.
Discharge Detection Current
Discharge Detection Current DF 0x115-0x116 sets the threshold in milliamperes for detecting discharge current.
This is a signed value and is negative. This threshold is used for detecting cross-conduction and determining
that the charge FET should be turned on during discharge to reduce IR losses.
FET Fail Charge Current
FET Fail Charge Current DF 0x125-0x126 sets the threshold in milliamperes for detecting current in a charge
FET which is turned off. This is a signed value and is positive.
FET Fail Discharge Current
FET Fail Discharge Current DF 0x127-0x128 sets the threshold in milliamperes for detecting current in a
discharge FET which is turned off. This is a signed value and is negative.
FET Fail Time
FET Fail Time DF 0x129 sets the time in seconds that current must be detected in a FET which is turned off, in
order to determine that the FET has failed.
Terminate Voltage
Terminate Voltage DF 0x67-0x68, sets the threshold below which the Terminate Discharge Alarm bit is set. The
alarm is cleared when the voltage rises above this threshold, if the CVUV bit in Pack Status is not set.
Offsets and Limits
Temperature offset
Temperature offset DF 0xd6, contains a signed offset for the pack's temperature measurements, in degrees
C/10. It is set at board test during pack calibration.
Board offset
Board offset DF 0xd7, contains a signed offset for the pack's coulomb counter measurements. If used, it is set at
board design time.
Current Deadband
Current Deadband DF 0x7b, sets the threshold in mA below which a current measurement is not detected.
Shutdown Voltage
Shutdown Voltage DF 0x7c-0x7d sets the pack voltage below which the pack's electronics, including the
bq2084-V143, is shut down to conserve power. All FETs are turned off by the AFE.
Submit Documentation Feedback
61
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Figure 7 shows a typical bq2084-V143-based battery pack application. The circuit consists of the bq29312 AFE
IC, bq29400 second-level protection IC, LED, temperature measurement network, data flash connections, serial
port, and the sense resistor. The data flash stores basic battery pack configuration information and
measurement calibration values. The data flash must be programmed properly for bq2084-V143 operation.
62
Submit Documentation Feedback
BAT2P
X3
Submit Documentation Feedback
1
2
3
BATIN
X5
1
1
R2
100
R8
100
1 k 0.1 µ F
R7
R9
100
C7
C6
1k
R6
C5
0.1 µ F
C4
0.1 µ F
R10
100
0.1 µ F
1
2
3
4
R11
100
8
7
6
5
D1
2N7002 3
Q1
1
R43 2
JP1
3
Q3
BAT54LT1
D3
100 k
R12
100 k
R45
VCC
R14
5k
R13
5k
R17
R18
1M
5k
2
F1
6A
321
0.47 µ F
D4
BAT54LT1
4
300
1W
R22
100 k
4
C21
0.47µ F
R44
100 k
R42
VCC
8 7 65
R16
100
R15
100
2
0.1 µ F
C16
0.1µ F
C19
0.1 µ F
C18
0.1 µ F
1
1
21
2
20
R21
61.9 k
VCC
DSG ZVCHG CHG
1
BAT
22
PACK
RT1
19 SLEEP
C17 4.7µ F
REG 18
10 k
3
TOUT 17
VC1
24
R19
1
OD
4 VC2
U2
8.45 k
SCLK 13
5 VC3 bq29312
SDATA 14
6 VC4
XALERT 16
7 VC5
WDI 10
R20
100
23 PMS
CELL 11
SR1 SR2 GND GND
8 9 15 12
C20
2
100 k
C12
0.1 µ F 2N7002 3
Q2
1
BAV99
D2
BAV99 BSS84
U1
bq29400
VC1 OUT
VC2 VDD
VC3 CD
GND VC4
C1
C2
C8
C9
C10 C11
0.1 µ F 0.1 µ F 0.1 µ F 0.1µ F 0.1 µ F 1 µ F 50 V
.020 75 PPM
BAT1P
X4
4
BAT3P
X2
R1
BAT4P
X1
1k
R5
R4
100
1k
R3
0.1 µ F C3
1
8 7 65
Q5
Si4435DY
321
C14
0.1µ F Q4
Si4435DY
1M
R23
C22
R24
4
Q6
Si4435DY
1M
R27
10
R28
3
SW1
0.1 µ F
100
4
2
3
1
100 k
R35
VCC
D6
4
D7
R37
R39
100
100
1
GREEN 2
1
PACK−
C29 150 pF
C30 2200 pF
GREEN 2
1
D9
SMBD
SMBC
Sys Pres
R46 R47
1M 1M
100
D11
AZ23C5V6
R41
R40
AZ23C5V6
D10
61.9 k
D8
R36
100
100
R38
GREEN 2
1
GREEN 2
1
470
470
470
470
470
100 k
1
GREEN 2
D5
VCC
R30
R31
R32
R33
R34
C28 68 PF
C27 0.47µ F
R25
8
31
VDDD VDDA
11 VSSD
30
VSSA
19 VSSD
VSSA 29
38 VSSD
3
OC
18 PFIN
VSSA/XCK1 34
12
33
ROSC/XCK2
SAFE
37 NC
15
SMBC
2 TS
16
SMBD
U3
6 SCLK
bq2084
32
10 SDATA
FLT
36 NC
NC 7
25 EVENT
LED5 20
35 CLKOUT
LED4 21
1
LED3 22
VIN
5 k 4 PU
LED2 23
5 PRES
LED1 24
28 SR1
NC 14
27
SR2
MRST RBI NC DISP
26
9 13 17
R29
C26
C25 68 PF
VCC
C24 0.47µ F
0.047 µ F
8 765
C13
321
0.1µ F
X10
X9
X8
X7
bq2084-V143
www.ti.com
SLUS732 – SEPTEMBER 2006
APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)
Figure 7. bq2084-V143 Based Battery Pack Schematic
63
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
11-Dec-2006
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package
Type
Package
Drawing
Pins Package Eco Plan (2)
Qty
BQ2084DBT
ACTIVE
SM8
DBT
38
BQ2084DBT-V141
PREVIEW
SM8
DBT
38
BQ2084DBT-V143
ACTIVE
SM8
DBT
38
BQ2084DBT-V143G4
ACTIVE
SM8
DBT
BQ2084DBTG4
ACTIVE
SM8
BQ2084DBTR
ACTIVE
BQ2084DBTR-V141
50
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp (3)
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
50
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
38
50
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
DBT
38
50
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
SM8
DBT
38
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
PREVIEW
SM8
DBT
38
Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
BQ2084DBTR-V143
ACTIVE
SM8
DBT
38
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
BQ2084DBTR-V143G4
ACTIVE
SM8
DBT
38
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
BQ2084DBTRG4
ACTIVE
SM8
DBT
38
2000 Green (RoHS &
no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
BQ2084RTTR-V143
PREVIEW
QFN
RTT
36
3000
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
BQ2084RTTT-V143
PREVIEW
QFN
RTT
36
250
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check
http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and
package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS
compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame
retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the
accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take
reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on
incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited
information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
11-Dec-2006
to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 2
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications,
enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to
discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information
before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold
subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.
TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in
accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent
TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing
of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible
for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer
products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards.
TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent
right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine,
or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party
products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or
endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or
other intellectual property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual
property of TI.
Reproduction of information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without
alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices.
Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not
responsible or liable for such altered documentation.
Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for
that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service
and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements.
Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application
solutions:
Products
Applications
Amplifiers
amplifier.ti.com
Audio
www.ti.com/audio
Data Converters
dataconverter.ti.com
Automotive
www.ti.com/automotive
DSP
dsp.ti.com
Broadband
www.ti.com/broadband
Interface
interface.ti.com
Digital Control
www.ti.com/digitalcontrol
Logic
logic.ti.com
Military
www.ti.com/military
Power Mgmt
power.ti.com
Optical Networking
www.ti.com/opticalnetwork
Microcontrollers
microcontroller.ti.com
Security
www.ti.com/security
Low Power Wireless
www.ti.com/lpw
Telephony
www.ti.com/telephony
Mailing Address:
Video & Imaging
www.ti.com/video
Wireless
www.ti.com/wireless
Texas Instruments
Post Office Box 655303 Dallas, Texas 75265
Copyright © 2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated