AQ533 Ultra-Low Dropout 500mA Voltage Regulator Product Specification Revision 1.7 General Description The AQ533 is an ultra-low dropout voltage regulator capable of delivering 500 mA to the load. It is adjustable and can set a precise voltage from 1.22V to 12V with two external resistors. The AQ533 meets all specifications down to 1.22V output, unlike CMOS LDO’s which loose performance with outputs below 2.25V. The enable pin provides a remote turn-off for low power consumption. It draws virtually zero current in shutdown mode and implements Sequential, Ratiometric, or Simultaneous sequencing schemes. This also allows for a separate bias connection from the pass transistor in order to achieve ultra low dropout from VIN to VOUT. Reverse current protection blocks current flowing from VOUT to VIN when the AQ533 is disabled. No current flows. To assure accuracy within 1.5% over temperature, the heart of the AQ533 is a selfcorrecting AcuRef™ bandgap reference. On-chip current limit and thermal shutdown with hysteresis protects against any combination of overload and ambient temperature that might cause the junction temperature to exceed safe limits. September 13, 2006 Applications • Graphic cards • PC motherboards • Cell Phones • DVD video player Features • Low dropout voltage (350mV at 500 mA) • Enable pin implements sequencing • Reverse current protection • Vout tolerance less than 1.5% over • • • • • • temperature Featured in the very small SOT-23 package Stable with low cost 1µF capacitor Low ground current <100 µA Thermal protection with hysteresis Short circuit protection RoHS compliant available Typical Application www.acutechnology.com AQ533 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. Pin Configuration Pin Descriptions Pin Name VIN Ground Function + Unregulated Input Voltage, Collector of Pass Transistor Adjust - Ground Active high, ENABLE > (0.95V + VOUT), Chip bias circuit supply OFF low, ENABLE < 0.25V Adjust input. Connect to resistive feed back divider. VOUT Regulated Output ENABLE Functional Block Diagram www.acutechnology.com 2 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. Ordering Information Device Operating Tj %Tol PKG Type VOUT Wrap AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 1.8V T&R AQ533CY-M5-18-TR AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 1.8V T&R AQ533CY-M5-18-TRL AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 2.5V T&R AQ533CY-M5-25-TR AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 2.5V T&R AQ533CY-M5-25-TRL AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 3.3V T&R AQ533CY-M5-33-TR AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 3.3V T&R AQ533CY-M5-33-TRL AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 ADJ T&R AQ533CY-M5-AJ-TR AQ533 0C˚ ≤ 125C˚ 1.0 SOT-23-5 ADJ T&R AQ533CY-M5-AJ-TRL Note: The Ordering Number TRL parts are Lead Free and RoHS compliant. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stress greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any conditions beyond those indicated under recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Rating” for extended periods may affect device reliability. Use of standard ESD handling precautions is required. Parameter Value Units Maximum VIN 18 Volts Maximum VENABLE 18 Volts 150 °C 0 to 125 °C -65 to 150 °C 300 °C Typical Value Units 220 °C/W Typical Value Units 170 °C/W Power Dissipation (Internally limited) Maximum Junction Temperature Operating Junction Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering, 4 sec.) SOT- 23-5 package Thermal Management Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient) SOT-23-5 (minimum foot print) Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient) SOT-23-5 (Soldered to 1 in2 1 oz. copper PCB) www.acutechnology.com 3 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. Electrical Specifications Electrical characteristics are guaranteed over the full temperature range 0ºC <Tj< 125ºC. Ambient temperature must be de-rated based upon power dissipation and package thermal characteristics. Unless otherwise specified: VENABLE = VIN = (VOUT + 1.5V), IOUT = 10 mA, Tj = 25C. Values in bold are over the full temperature range. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units -1 VOUT +1 % -1.5 VOUT +1.5 % 0.035 0.2 % VOUT Output Voltage (1) LNREG Line Regulation (1) ∆VEN = VOUT + (1.5V to 10V) LDREG Load Regulation (1) ∆IOUT = (10mA to 500 mA) 0.2 0.4 % IOUT = 100 mA 50 80 mV IOUT = 250 mA 150 200 mV IOUT = 500 mA 300 350 mV VD Dropout Voltage (1, 2) 0°C ≤Tj ≤ 125°C ISC Current Limit (1) IGND Ground Current ON IGND Ground Current ON (5) Adjustable version VIL Enable Pin Voltage (OFF) With respect to GND VIH Enable Pin Voltage (ON) With respect to VOUT 0.92 0.95 V IOUT = 10 mA 0.3 0.5 mA IOUT = 250 mA 1.8 3.0 mA IOUT = 500 mA 3.8 5.0 mA 1.220 1.232 V 1.238 V 2.0 mA IENON Enable Current ON VADJ Reference Voltage IQMIN Minimum Load Current (5) TC Temperature Coefficient TS VN PSRR TSD TSDHYST VEN-VOUT = 2V 600 0.25 Adjustable version only 1.208 0°C ≤Tj ≤ 125°C 1.202 To maintain regulation 800 mA 100 150 µA 65 80 µA 0.45 0.5 V 0.005 %/°C Temperature Stability 0.5 RMS Output Noise (3) 0.003 %/°C % VOUT Ripple Rejection Ratio (4) Vin = 5V Thermal Shutdown Junction Temperature 60 TSD Hysteresis 72 dB 150 °C 25 °C Notes: (1) Low duty cycle pulse testing with Kelvin connections required. (2) Measure (VIN - VOUT) when ∆VOUT, OR ∆VREF = 1% (3) Bandwidth of 10Hz to 10kHz (4) 120Hz input ripple (5) Adjustable version only www.acutechnology.com 4 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. Application Notes www.acutechnology.com 5 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. Application Notes 1. Typical Application Notes: 1. Output voltage is 1.22V * (R1 +R2)/R2 2. Input and output capacitors should be located close to the device. 3. The AQ533 will remain stable with C1 and C3 as low as 0.1 µF and 1.0 µF respectively. Overall transient performance is improved with increased capacitance and the addition of C2. 4. The output is fully enabled when Enable is 950 mV above the expected VOUT. EN may be driven by either a digital or analog signal to control either turn-on time or to give full control of risetime. 5. Enable, tied to any separate source >0.95V + VOUT, will insure Ultra-low drop out voltage (350mV@ 500mA) from VIN to VOUT. Or, Enable, tied to Vin will support a low drop out voltage (0.95V). 2. Stability An Enable capacitor is recommended. A 100nF capacitor is a suitable input bypass for almost all applications. A larger capacitor is also suitable depending on the cleanliness of the Enable source. A Vin Capacitor is also recommended. A 1µF capacitor is a bypassing for almost all applications. A larger capacitor is also suitable depending on the cleanliness of the VIN source. The Output capacitor is critical in maintaining regular stability. The AQ533 is stable with an output capacitor greater than 1µF. Any increase of the output capacitor will merely improve the loop stability and the load transient response. Tantalum Capacitors exhibit the best stability over a wide range of loads and are recommended. 3. Output Voltage The AQ533 meets all specifications down to 1.22V output. It does not suffer from performance degradation issues such as experienced with CMOS LDO’s. Drop out voltage will be less than 350 mV at 500 mA load with the ENABLE pin held greater than 0.95V + Vout, The AQ533 develops a 1.22V reference voltage between the adjust pin terminal and ground. This voltage is applied across the resistor R2 to generate a constant current (I2). The current www.acutechnology.com 6 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. from the adjust terminal could introduce error to the output, but since it is very small (<0.5µA) compared with the current I2 and very constant with line and load changes, the error can be ignored. The constant current I2 then flows through resistor R1 and sets the output voltage to the desired level. The AQ533 regulates the voltage that appears between its output and ground pins or between its adjust and ground pins. In some cases, line resistances can introduce errors to the voltage across the load. To obtain the best load regulation a few precautions are needed. For example, it is important to minimize the line resistances to the load. So, the load itself should be tied directly to the output terminal on the positive side and directly to the ground terminal on the negative side. The best performance is obtained with the positive side of the resistor R1 tied near the load and with the ground side of the resistor R2 tied near the ground of the regulator. This will provide remote output sensing which will optimize regulation at the load. 4. Enable/Sequencing The AQ533 provides an enable function. The EN pin has to be at least 950 mV higher than the output voltage for the device to be fully turned on. When the voltage of the EN pin is low the device is in shutdown mode and it will not draw any current from the VIN terminal. ENABLE OUT 0 FIG.2 ENABLE 0-5V, Output follows to 3.3V out (1V/div vertical, 200us/div horizontal) In addition the enable function includes a sequencing feature, because when the enable pin ramps in voltage the output voltage follows (it will be around 900 mV less than the enable voltage until it reaches the regulation voltage) as shown in Fig. 2 above. In applications where multiple regulated supply rails are required, it is often required that the relationship between the various supply voltages be controlled during start-up and shutdown. To this end, the AQ533 allows for an analog control of the output voltage via the ENABLE pin. This allows for sequential, ratio-metric and simultaneous sequencing schemes. 5. Reverse Current Protection www.acutechnology.com 7 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. The AQ533 provides Reverse Current Protection. When the AQ533 is turned off, no current will flow from the output to input. A small current will flow from output to ground through the Vout set resistors R1 and R2. The need for protection diodes is eliminated. 6. Thermal Considerations When an integrated circuit operates with an appreciable current, its junction temperature is elevated. It is important to quantify its thermal limits in order to achieve acceptable performance and reliability. This limit is determined by summing the individual parts consisting of a series of temperature rises from the semiconductor junction to the operating environment. The heat generated at the device junction flows through the die to the die attach pad, through the lead frame to the surrounding case material, to the printed circuit board, and eventually to the ambient environment. The AQ533 regulators have internal thermal shutdown to protect the device from overheating. Under all possible operating conditions, the junction temperature of the AQ533 must be lower than 125°C. A heatsink may be required depending on the maximum power dissipation and maximum ambient temperature of the application. To determine if a heatsink is needed, the power dissipated by the regulator, PD, must be calculated: PD= (VIN-VOUT) IL where the IL is the load current. The next parameter, which must be calculated, is the max. allowable temperature rise, T(max): T(max)=TJ(max)-TA(max) where TJ(max) is the maximum allowable junction temperature (125°C), and TA(max) is the maximum ambient temperature, which will be encountered in the application. Using the calculated values for T(max) and PD, the maximum allowable value for the junction to ambient thermal resistance (θJA) can be calculated: θJA=T(max)/ PD If the maximum allowable value for θJA is found to be greater than the junction to ambient thermal resistance for the package used, no heatsink is needed since the package alone will dissipate enough heat to satisfy these requirements. 7. Ultra low Dropout Operation The AQ533 allows for ultra low dropout operation by connecting the pin ENABLE to >0.95V + Vout. This results in a dropout of 350 mV at 500 mA of load current, between Vin and VOUT. This feature is important when the supply voltage is dropping near the output regulated voltage. Furthermore if the voltage dropout is low, the internal power dissipation is also reduced and the thermal requirements of the device are less stringent. www.acutechnology.com 8 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. Package Dimensions www.acutechnology.com 9 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006 AQ533 Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. Contact Information Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc. 3487 McKee Rd. Suite 52 San Jose CA , USA 95127 TEL: FAX: website: (408) 259-2300 (408) 259-9160 www.acutechnology.com Disclaimer The information furnished by Acutechnology in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Acutechnology assumes no responsibility for its use. Acutechnology reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Life Support Policy Acutechnology Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. AcuRef is a trademark of Acutechnology Semiconductor Inc www.acutechnology.com 10 Rev. 1.7 September 13, 2006