Renesas ISL6526IBZ Single synchronous buck pulse-width modulation (pwm) controller Datasheet

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS
RECOMMENDED REPLACEMENT PART
ISL8105
DATASHEET
ISL6526, ISL6526A
FN9055
Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Single Synchronous Buck Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Controller
The ISL6526, ISL6526A make simple work out of
implementing a complete control and protection scheme for
a DC/DC stepdown converter. Designed to drive N-Channel
MOSFETs in a synchronous buck topology, the ISL6526,
ISL6526A integrate the control, output adjustment,
monitoring and protection functions into a single package.
Features
The ISL6526, ISL6526A provide simple, single feedback
loop, voltage-mode control with fast transient response. The
output voltage can be precisely regulated to as low as 0.8V,
with a maximum tolerance of ±1.5% over-temperature and
line voltage variations. A fixed frequency oscillator reduces
design complexity, while balancing typical application cost
and efficiency.
• Drives N-Channel MOSFETs
The error amplifier features a 15MHz gain-bandwidth
product and 6V/µs slew rate which enables high converter
bandwidth for fast transient performance. The resulting
PWM duty cycles range from 0% to 100%.
• Lossless, Programmable Overcurrent Protection
- Uses Upper MOSFET’s rDS(on)
Protection from overcurrent conditions is provided by
monitoring the rDS(ON) of the upper MOSFET to inhibit PWM
operation appropriately. This approach simplifies the
implementation and improves efficiency by eliminating the
need for a current sense resistor.
• Operates from 3.3V to 5V Input
• 0.8V to VIN Output Range
- 0.8V Internal Reference
- ±1.5% Over Load, Line Voltage and Temperature
• Simple Single-Loop Control Design
- Voltage-Mode PWM Control
• Fast Transient Response
- High-Bandwidth Error Amplifier
- Full 0% to 100% Duty Cycle
• Converter can Source and Sink Current
• Small Converter Size
- Internal Fixed Frequency Oscillator
- ISL6526: 300kHz
- ISL6526A: 600kHz
• Internal Soft-Start
• 14 Ld SOIC or 16 Ld 5x5 QFN
• QFN Package:
- Compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220 QFN - Quad Flat
No Leads - Package Outline
- Near Chip Scale Package Footprint, which Improves
PCB Efficiency and has a Thinner Profile
• Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant)
Applications
• Power Supplies for Microprocessors
- PCs
- Embedded Controllers
• Subsystem Power Supplies
- PCI/AGP/GTL+ Buses
- ACPI Power Control
- DDR SDRAM Bus Termination Supply
• Cable Modems, Set-Top Boxes, and DSL Modems
• DSP and Core Communications Processor Supplies
• Memory Supplies
• Personal Computer Peripherals
• Industrial Power Supplies
• 3.3V-Input DC/DC Regulators
• Low-Voltage Distributed Power Supplies
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 1 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 2, 3)
PART
MARKING
TEMP
RANGE (°C)
PACKAGE
PKG
DWG. #
ISL6526CBZ
6526CBZ
0 to +70
14 Ld SOIC (Pb-free)
M14.15
ISL6526CBZ-T (Note 1)
6526CBZ
0 to +70
14 Ld SOIC (Pb-free)
M14.15
ISL6526ACBZ (No longer available, 6526ACBZ
recommended replacement:
ISL6526AIRZ)
0 to +70
14 Ld SOIC (Pb-free)
M14.15
ISL6526ACBZ-T (Note 1) (No longer 6526ACBZ
available, recommended
replacement: ISL6526AIRZ-T)
0 to +70
14 Ld SOIC (Pb-free)
M14.15
ISL6526CRZ (No longer available,
recommended replacement:
ISL6526IRZ)
ISL6526 CRZ
0 to +70
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526CRZ-T (Note 1) (No longer
available, recommended
replacement: ISL6526IRZ-T)
ISL6526 CRZ
0 to +70
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526IBZ
6526IBZ
-40 to +85
14 Ld SOIC (Pb-free)
M14.15
ISL6526IBZ-T (Note 1)
6526IBZ
-40 to +85
14 Ld SOIC (Pb-free)
M14.15
ISL6526IRZ
ISL 6526IRZ
-40 to +85
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526IRZ-T (Note 1)
ISL 6526IRZ
-40 to +85
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526IRZ-TK (Note 1)
ISL 6526IRZ
-40 to +85
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526AIRZ
ISL65 26AIRZ
-40 to +85
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526AIRZ-T (Note 1)
ISL65 26AIRZ
-40 to +85
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526AIRZ-TK (Note 1)
ISL65 26AIRZ
-40 to +85
16 Ld 5x5 QFN (Pb-free)
L16.5x5B
ISL6526EVAL1
ISL6526 SOIC Evaluation Board
ISL6526EVAL2
ISL6526 QFN Evaluation Board
ISL6526AEVAL1
ISL6526A SOIC Evaluation Board
ISL6526AEVAL2
ISL6526A QFN Evaluation Board
NOTES:
1. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte
tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J
STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL6526, ISL6526A. For more information on MSL please see tech
brief TB363.
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 2 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Pinouts
CT1 4
11 VCC
CT2 5
10 CPGND
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
BOOT
15
14
13
CPVOUT
1
12 PHASE
CT1
2
11 VCC
CT2
3
10 CPGND
OCSET
4
9
8 COMP
5
6
7
8
ENABLE
FB 7
9 ENABLE
16
COMP
OCSET 6
UGATE
12 PHASE
GND
13 BOOT
FB
CPVOUT 3
14 UGATE
NC
GND 1
LGATE 2
LGATE
ISL6526, ISL6526A
(16 LD QFN)
TOP VIEW
ISL6526, ISL6526A
(14 LD SOIC)
TOP VIEW
NC
Page 3 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Typical Application - 3.3V Input
3.3V
VIN
CIN
CBULK
VCC
OCSET
CT1
CPUMP
CT2
ROCSET
CPVOUT
ISL6526, ISL6526A
DBOOT
CDCPL
CHF
BOOT
CPGND
CBOOT
UGATE
GND
Q1
PHASE
ENABLE
LGATE
COMP
DISABLE
LOUT
COUT
Q2
FB
VOUT
CI
RFB
CF
RF
ROFFSET
Typical Application - 5V Input
+5V
VIN
CBULK
VCC
OCSET
CT1
ROCSET
CPVOUT
N/C
CT2
ISL6526, ISL6526A
DBOOT
CIN
CHF
BOOT
CPGND
CBOOT
UGATE
GND
Q1
PHASE
ENABLE
DISABLE
LGATE
COMP
Q2
FB
LOUT
VOUT
COUT
CI
RFB
RF
CF
ROFFSET
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 4 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Block Diagram
VCC
CT1
CPVOUT
CHARGE
PUMP
CT2
POWER-ON
RESET (POR)
ENABLE
CPGND
BOOT
+
-
OCSET
SOFT-START
OC
COMPARATOR
20µA
UGATE
+
0.8V
ERROR
AMP
+
-
PWM
COMPARATOR
+
-
INHIBIT
PHASE
GATE
CONTROL
LOGIC
PWM
LGATE
FB
OSCILLATOR
COMP
FIXED 300kHz OR 600kHz
GND
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 5 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +7.0V
Absolute Boot Voltage, VBOOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +15.0V
Upper Driver Supply Voltage, VBOOT - VPHASE . . . . . . . . . . . +7.0V
Input, Output or I/O Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . GND -0.3V to VCC +0.3V
Thermal Resistance
JA (°C/W)
JC (°C/W)
SOIC Package (Note 4) . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
N/A
QFN Package (Notes 5, 6). . . . . . . . . .
35
5
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493
Operating Conditions
Supply Voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +3.3V ±10%
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. JA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
5. JA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See
Tech Brief TB379.
6. For JC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
Recommended Operating Conditions, unless otherwise noted VCC = 3.3V ±5% and TA = +25°C.
PARAMETER
MIN
(Note 8)
TYP
MAX
(Note 8)
UNITS
6.1
6.9
7.7
mA
Commercial
4.25
4.30
4.42
V
Industrial
4.10
4.30
4.50
V
0.3
0.6
0.9
V
IC = ISL6526C, Commercial
275
300
325
kHz
IC = ISL6526I, Industrial
250
300
340
kHz
IC = ISL6526AC, Commercial
554
600
645
kHz
IC = ISL6526AI, Industrial
524
600
650
kHz
-
1.5
-
VP-P
-
-
1.5
%
-
0.800
-
V
-
5.1
-
V
-
2
-
%
-
88
-
dB
GBWP
-
15
-
MHz
SR
-
6
-
V/µs
Commercial
6.2
-
7.3
ms
Industrial
6.2
-
7.6
ms
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
VCC SUPPLY CURRENT
Nominal Supply
IBIAS
POWER-ON RESET
Rising CPVOUT POR Threshold
POR
CPVOUT POR Threshold Hysteresis
OSCILLATOR
Frequency
Ramp Amplitude
fOSC
VOSC
REFERENCE
Reference Voltage Tolerance
Nominal Reference Voltage
VREF
CHARGE PUMP
Nominal Charge Pump Output
VCPVOUT
VVCC = 3.3V, No Load
Charge Pump Output Regulation
ERROR AMPLIFIER
DC Gain
Gain-Bandwidth Product
Slew Rate
(Note 7)
SOFT-START
Soft-Start Slew Rate
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 6 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Electrical Specifications
Recommended Operating Conditions, unless otherwise noted VCC = 3.3V ±5% and TA = +25°C. (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(Note 8)
TYP
MAX
(Note 8)
UNITS
GATE DRIVERS
Upper Gate Source Current
IUGATE-SRC VBOOT - VPHASE = 5V, VUGATE = 4V
-
-1
-
A
Upper Gate Sink Current
IUGATE-SNK
-
1
-
A
Lower Gate Source Current
ILGATE-SRC VVCC = 3.3V, VLGATE = 4V
-
-1
-
A
Lower Gate Sink Current
ILGATE-SNK
-
2
-
A
Commercial
18
20
22
µA
Industrial
16
20
22
µA
-
-
0.8
V
PROTECTION/DISABLE
OCSET Current Source
IOCSET
Disable Threshold
VDISABLE
NOTE:
7. Limits should be considered typical and are not production tested.
8. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization
and are not production tested.
Functional Pin Descriptions
COMP and FB
14 LD SOIC
TOP VIEW
GND 1
14 UGATE
13 BOOT
LGATE 2
12 PHASE
CPVOUT 3
COMP and FB are the available external pins of the error
amplifier. The FB pin is the inverting input of the internal
error amplifier and the COMP pin is the error amplifier
output. These pins are used to compensate the voltage
control feedback loop of the converter.
CT1 4
11 VCC
GND
CT2 5
10 CPGND
This pin represents the signal and power ground for the IC.
Tie this pin to the ground island/plane through the lowest
impedance connection available.
9 ENABLE
OCSET 6
FB 7
8 COMP
PHASE
Connect this pin to the upper MOSFET’s source. This pin is
used to monitor the voltage drop across the upper MOSFET
for overcurrent protection.
LGATE
GND
UGATE
BOOT
16 LD 5X5 QFN
TOP VIEW
16
15
14
13
UGATE
2
11 VCC
CT2
3
10 CPGND
OCSET
4
9
BOOT
5
6
7
8
ENABLE
CT1
COMP
12 PHASE
FB
1
NC
CPVOUT
Connect this pin to the upper MOSFET’s gate. This pin
provides the PWM-controlled gate drive for the upper
MOSFET. This pin is also monitored by the adaptive
shoot-through protection circuitry to determine when the
upper MOSFET has turned off.
NC
VCC
This pin provides the bias supply for the ISL6526, ISL6526A.
Connect a well-decoupled 3.3V supply to this pin.
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
This pin provides ground referenced bias voltage to the
upper MOSFET driver. A bootstrap circuit is used to create a
voltage suitable to drive a logic-level N-Channel MOSFET.
LGATE
Connect this pin to the lower MOSFET’s gate. This pin provides
the PWM-controlled gate drive for the lower MOSFET. This pin
is also monitored by the adaptive shoot-through protection
circuitry to determine when the lower MOSFET has turned off.
Page 7 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
OCSET
Connect a resistor (ROCSET) from this pin to the drain of the
upper MOSFET (VIN). ROCSET, an internal 20µA current
source (IOCSET), and the upper MOSFET ON-resistance
(rDS(ON)) set the converter overcurrent (OC) trip point
according Equation 1:
I OCSET xR OCSET
I PEAK = ------------------------------------------------r DS  ON 
(EQ. 1)
An overcurrent trip cycles the soft-start function.
Figure 1 shows the soft-start sequence for a typical application.
At t0, the +3.3V VCC voltage starts to ramp-up. At time t1, the
Charge Pump begins operation and the +5V CPVOUT IC bias
voltage starts to ramp-up. Once the voltage on CPVOUT
crosses the POR threshold at time t2, the output begins the
soft-start sequence. The triangle waveform from the PWM
oscillator is compared to the rising error amplifier output
voltage. As the error amplifier voltage increases, the pulse
width on the UGATE pin increases to reach the steady-state
duty cycle at time t3.
ENABLE
(1V/DIV)
This pin is the open-collector enable pin. Pulling this pin to a
level below 0.8V will disable the controller. Disabling the
ISL6526, ISL6526A causes the oscillator to stop, the LGATE
and UGATE outputs to be held low, and the soft-start
circuitry to re-arm.
CPVOUT (5V)
CT1 and CT2
VOUT (2.50V)
These pins are the connections for the external charge
pump capacitor. A minimum of a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor is
recommended for proper operation of the IC.
CPVOUT
This pin represents the output of the charge pump. The
voltage at this pin is the bias voltage for the IC. Connect a
decoupling capacitor from this pin to ground. The value of the
decoupling capacitor should be at least 10x the value of the
charge pump capacitor. This pin may be tied to the bootstrap
circuit as the source for creating the BOOT voltage.
CPGND
This pin represents the signal and power ground for the
charge pump. Tie this pin to the ground island/plane through
the lowest impedance connection available.
Functional Description
Initialization
The ISL6526, ISL6526A automatically initialize upon receipt
of power. Special sequencing of the input supplies is not
necessary. The Power-On Reset (POR) function continually
monitors the output voltage of the charge pump. During
POR, the charge pump operates on a free running oscillator.
Once the POR level is reached, the charge pump oscillator
is synched to the PWM oscillator. The POR function also
initiates the soft-start operation after the charge pump output
voltage exceeds its POR threshold.
Soft-Start
The POR function initiates the digital soft-start sequence.
The PWM error amplifier reference is clamped to a level
proportional to the soft-start voltage. As the soft-start voltage
slews up, the PWM comparator generates PHASE pulses of
increasing width that charge the output capacitor(s). This
method provides a rapid and controlled output voltage rise.
The soft-start sequence typically takes about 6.5ms.
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
VCC (3.3V)
0V
t0
t1
t3
t2
TIME
FIGURE 1. SOFT-START INTERVAL
Shoot-Through Protection
A shoot-through condition occurs when both the upper
MOSFET and lower MOSFET are turned on simultaneously,
effectively shorting the input voltage to ground. To protect
the regulator from a shoot-through condition, the ISL6526,
ISL6526A incorporate specialized circuitry which insures
that the complementary MOSFETs are not ON
simultaneously.
The adaptive shoot-through protection utilized by the
ISL6526, ISL6526A look at the lower gate drive pin, LGATE,
and the upper gate drive pin, UGATE, to determine whether
a MOSFET is ON or OFF. If the voltage from UGATE or from
LGATE to GND is less than 0.8V, then the respective
MOSFET is defined as being OFF and the complementary
MOSFET is turned ON. This method of shoot-through
protection allows the regulator to sink or source current.
Since the voltage of the lower MOSFET gate and the upper
MOSFET gate are being measured to determine the state of
the MOSFET, the designer is encouraged to consider the
repercussions of introducing external components between
the gate drivers and their respective MOSFET gates before
actually implementing such measures. Doing so may
interfere with the shoot-through protection.
Output Voltage Selection
The output voltage can be programmed to any level between
VIN and the internal reference, 0.8V. An external resistor
divider is used to scale the output voltage relative to the
Page 8 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
reference voltage and feed it back to the inverting input of
the error amplifier; see Figure 2. However, since the value of
R1 affects the values of the rest of the compensation
components, it is advisable to keep its value less than 5k.
R4 can be calculated based Equation 2:
R1  0.8V
R4 = -------------------------------------V OUT1 – 0.8V
(EQ. 2)
internal soft-start cycle initiates a normal soft-start ramp of the
output, at time t1. The output is brought back into regulation
by time t2, as long as the overcurrent event has cleared.
Had the cause of the overcurrent still been present after the
delay interval, the overcurrent condition would be sensed and
the regulator would be shut down again for another delay
interval of three soft-start cycles. The resulting hiccup mode
style of protection would continue to repeat indefinitely.
If the output voltage desired is 0.8V, simply route the output
back to the FB pin through R1, but do not populate R4.
VOUT (2.5V)
+3.3V
VIN
VCC
CPVOUT
D1
BOOT
C4
ISL6526,
ISL6526A
UGATE
0V
Q1
LOUT
Q2
LGATE
INTERNAL SOFT-START FUNCTION
VOUT
PHASE
+
COUT
DELAY INTERVAL
FB
C1
COMP
R1
C3
R3
t1
t0
C2
R4
FIGURE 2. OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION
Overcurrent Protection
The overcurrent function protects the converter from a shorted
output by using the upper MOSFET ON-resistance, rDS(ON),
to monitor the current. This method enhances the converter’s
efficiency and reduces cost by eliminating a current sensing
resistor.
The overcurrent function cycles the soft-start function in a
hiccup mode to provide fault protection. A resistor (ROCSET)
programs the overcurrent trip level (see “Typical Application 3.3V Input” on page 4 and “Typical Application - 5V Input” on
page 4). An internal 20µA (typical) current sink develops a
voltage across ROCSET that is referenced to VIN. When the
voltage across the upper MOSFET (also referenced to VIN)
exceeds the voltage across ROCSET, the overcurrent function
initiates a soft-start sequence.
Figure 3 illustrates the protection feature responding to an
overcurrent event. At time t0, an overcurrent condition is
sensed across the upper MOSFET. As a result, the regulator
is quickly shutdown and the internal soft-start function begins
producing soft-start ramps. The delay interval seen by the
output is equivalent to three soft-start cycles. The fourth
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
t2
TIME
R2
FIGURE 3. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RESPONSE
The overcurrent function will trip at a peak inductor current
(IPEAK) determined by Equation 3:
I OCSET x R OCSET
I PEAK = ---------------------------------------------------r DS  ON 
(EQ. 3)
where IOCSET is the internal OCSET current source (20µA
typical). The OC trip point varies mainly due to the MOSFET
rDS(ON) variations. To avoid overcurrent tripping in the
normal operating load range, find the ROCSET resistor from
Equation 3 with:
1. The maximum rDS(ON) at the highest junction
temperature.
2. The minimum IOCSET from the specification table.
 I 
3. Determine IPEAK for I PEAK  I OUT  MAX  + --------2 ,
whereI is the output inductor ripple current.
For the ripple current, see Equation 11 in “Output Inductor
Selection” on page 12.
A small ceramic capacitor should be placed in parallel with
ROCSET to smooth the voltage across ROCSET in the
presence of switching noise on the input voltage.
Page 9 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
The ISL6526, ISL6526A incorporate a MOSFET shoot-through
protection method which allows a converter to sink current as
well as source current. Care should be exercised when
designing a converter with the ISL6526, ISL6526A when it is
known that the converter may sink current.
When the converter is sinking current, it is behaving as a
boost converter that is regulating its input voltage. This
means that the converter is boosting current into the input
rail of the regulator. If there is nowhere for this current to go,
(such as to other distributed loads on the rail or through a
voltage limiting protection device), the capacitance on this
rail will absorb the current. This situation will allow the
voltage level of the input rail to increase. If the voltage level
of the rail is boosted to a level that exceeds the maximum
voltage rating of any components attached to the input rail,
then those components may experience an irreversible
failure or experience stress that may shorten their lifespan.
Ensuring that there is a path for the current to flow other than
the capacitance on the rail will prevent this failure mode.
with vias to this layer. Dedicate another solid layer as a
power plane and break this plane into smaller islands of
common voltage levels. Keep the metal runs from the
PHASE terminals to the output inductor short. The power
plane should support the input power and output power
nodes. Use copper filled polygons on the top and bottom
circuit layers for the phase nodes. Use the remaining printed
circuit layers for small signal wiring. The wiring traces from
the GATE pins to the MOSFET gates should be kept short
and wide enough to easily handle the 1A of drive current.
+3.3V VIN
ISL6526, ISL6526A
VCC
CVCC
CPVOUT
CBP
GND
BOOT
CBOOT
Application Guidelines
Layout Considerations
Layout is very important in high frequency switching
converter design. With power devices switching efficiently at
300kHz or 600kHz, the resulting current transitions from one
device to another cause voltage spikes across the
interconnecting impedances and parasitic circuit elements.
These voltage spikes can degrade efficiency, radiate noise
into the circuit, and lead to device overvoltage stress.
Careful component layout and printed circuit board design
minimize the voltage spikes in the converters.
As an example, consider the turn-off transition of the PWM
MOSFET. Prior to turn-off, the MOSFET is carrying the full load
current. During turn-off, current stops flowing in the MOSFET
and is picked up by the lower MOSFET. Any parasitic
inductance in the switched current path generates a large
voltage spike during the switching interval. Careful component
selection, tight layout of the critical components, and short, wide
traces minimize the magnitude of voltage spikes.
There are two sets of critical components in a DC/DC
converter using the ISL6526, ISL6526A. The switching
components are the most critical because they switch large
amounts of energy, and therefore tend to generate large
amounts of noise. Next are the small signal components
which connect to sensitive nodes or supply critical bypass
current and signal coupling.
A multi-layer printed circuit board is recommended. Figure 4
shows the connections of the critical components in the
converter. Note that capacitors CIN and COUT could each
represent numerous physical capacitors. Dedicate one solid
layer (usually a middle layer of the PC board) for a ground
plane and make all critical component ground connections
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
CIN
D1
Q1
UGATE
PHASE
Q2
LGATE
COMP
LOUT
PHASE
C2
VOUT
COUT
LOAD
Current Sinking
C1
R2
R1
FB
R4
C3 R3
KEY
ISLAND ON POWER PLANE LAYER
ISLAND ON CIRCUIT PLANE LAYER
VIA CONNECTION TO GROUND PLANE
FIGURE 4. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD POWER PLANES
AND ISLANDS
The switching components should be placed close to the
ISL6526, ISL6526A first. Minimize the length of the connections
between the input capacitors, CIN, and the power switches by
placing them nearby. Position both the ceramic and bulk input
capacitors as close to the upper MOSFET drain as possible.
Position the output inductor and output capacitors between the
upper MOSFET and lower MOSFET and the load.
The critical small signal components include any bypass
capacitors, feedback components, and compensation
components. Position the bypass capacitor, CBP, close to
the VCC pin with a via directly to the ground plane. Place the
PWM converter compensation components close to the FB
Page 10 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
and COMP pins. The feedback resistors for both regulators
should also be located as close as possible to the relevant
FB pin with vias tied straight to the ground plane as required.
Feedback Compensation
Figure 5 highlights the voltage-mode control loop for a
synchronous-rectified buck converter. The output voltage
(VOUT) is regulated to the Reference voltage level. The
error amplifier (Error Amp) output (VE/A) is compared with
the oscillator (OSC) triangular wave to provide a pulse
width modulated (PWM) wave with an amplitude of VIN at
the PHASE node. The PWM wave is smoothed by the output
filter (LO and CO).
The modulator transfer function is the small-signal transfer
function of VOUT/VE/A . This function is dominated by a DC
Gain and the output filter (LO and CO), with a double pole
break frequency at fLC and a zero at fESR . The DC Gain of
the modulator is simply the input voltage (VIN) divided by the
peak-to-peak oscillator voltage VOSC .
VIN
DRIVER
OSC
PWM
COMPARATOR
LO
+
VOSC
DRIVER
PHASE
VOUT
CO
VE/A
ERROR
AMP
REFERENCE
DETAILED COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
ZFB
C1
C2
VOUT
ZIN
C3
R2
R3
R1
COMP
+
2. Place first zero below filter’s double pole (~75% fLC).
3. Place second zero at filter’s double pole.
4. Place first pole at the ESR zero.
5. Place second pole at half the switching frequency.
6. Check gain against error amplifier’s open-loop gain.
7. Estimate phase margin - repeat if necessary.
Compensation Break Frequency Equations
1
f Z1 = ---------------------------------2  R 2  C 2
(EQ. 6)
1
f Z2 = ------------------------------------------------------2 x  R 1 + R 3  x C 3
(EQ. 7)
1
f P2 = -----------------------------------2 x R 3 x C 3
ZIN
+
1. Pick gain (R2/R1) for desired converter bandwidth.
1
f P1 = -------------------------------------------------------- C 1 x C 2
2 x R 2 x  ----------------------
 C1 + C2 
ESR
(PARASITIC)
ZFB
networks ZIN and ZFB. The goal of the compensation
network is to provide a closed loop transfer function with the
highest 0dB crossing frequency (f0dB) and adequate phase
margin. Phase margin is the difference between the closed
loop phase at f0dB and 180°. Equations 6, 7, 8 and 9 relate
the compensation network’s poles, zeros and gain to the
components (R1 , R2 , R3 , C1 , C2 , and C3) in Figure 5. Use
these guidelines for locating the poles and zeros of the
compensation network:
FB
ISL6526, ISL6526A
REFERENCE
FIGURE 5. VOLTAGE-MODE BUCK CONVERTER
COMPENSATION DESIGN
Modulator Break Frequency Equations
1
f LC = -----------------------------------------2 x L O x C O
(EQ. 4)
1
f ESR = ------------------------------------------2 x ESR x C O
(EQ. 5)
(EQ. 8)
(EQ. 9)
Figure 6 shows an asymptotic plot of the DC/DC converter’s
gain vs frequency. The actual Modulator Gain has a high gain
peak due to the high Q factor of the output filter and is not
shown in Figure 6. Using the previously mentioned guidelines
should give a Compensation Gain similar to the curve plotted.
The open loop error amplifier gain bounds the compensation
gain. Check the compensation gain at fP2 with the capabilities
of the error amplifier. The Closed Loop Gain is constructed on
the graph of Figure 6 by adding the Modulator Gain (in dB) to
the Compensation Gain (in dB). This is equivalent to
multiplying the modulator transfer function to the
compensation transfer function and plotting the gain.
The compensation gain uses external impedance networks
ZFB and ZIN to provide a stable, high bandwidth (BW) overall
loop. A stable control loop has a gain crossing with
-20dB/decade slope and a phase margin greater than
45°. Include worst case component variations when
determining phase margin.
The compensation network consists of the error amplifier
(internal to the ISL6526, ISL6526A) and the impedance
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 11 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
fZ1
fP1
fZ2
fP2
100
OPEN LOOP
ERROR AMP GAIN
 V IN 
20 log  ------------------
 V OSC
80
GAIN (dB)
60
40
COMPENSATION
GAIN
20
0
-20
-40
-60
R2
20 log  --------
 R1
MODULATOR
GAIN
10
aluminum electrolytic capacitor’s ESR value is related to the
case size with lower ESR available in larger case sizes.
However, the Equivalent Series Inductance (ESL) of these
capacitors increases with case size and can reduce the
usefulness of the capacitor to high slew-rate transient loading.
Unfortunately, ESL is not a specified parameter. Work with
your capacitor supplier and measure the capacitor’s
impedance with frequency to select a suitable component. In
most cases, multiple electrolytic capacitors of small case size
perform better than a single large case capacitor.
Output Inductor Selection
fLC
100
LOOP GAIN
fESR
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FIGURE 6. ASYMPTOTIC BODE PLOT OF CONVERTER GAIN
Component Selection Guidelines
The output inductor is selected to meet the output voltage
ripple requirements and minimize the converter’s response
time to the load transient. The inductor value determines the
converter’s ripple current and the ripple voltage is a function
of the ripple current. The ripple voltage and current are
approximated by Equations 11 and 12:
I =
Charge Pump Capacitor Selection
A capacitor across pins CT1 and CT2 is required to create
the proper bias voltage for the ISL6526, ISL6526A when
operating the IC from 3.3V. Selecting the proper capacitance
value is important so that the bias current draw and the
current required by the MOSFET gates do not overburden
the capacitor. A conservative approach is presented in
Equation 10.
I BiasAndGate
C PUMP = ------------------------------------  1.5
V CC  f s
(EQ. 10)
Output Capacitor Selection
An output capacitor is required to filter the output and supply
the load transient current. The filtering requirements are a
function of the switching frequency and the ripple current.
The load transient requirements are a function of the slew
rate (di/dt) and the magnitude of the transient load current.
These requirements are generally met with a mix of
capacitors and careful layout.
Modern digital ICs can produce high transient load slew
rates. High frequency capacitors initially supply the transient
and slow the current load rate seen by the bulk capacitors.
The bulk filter capacitor values are generally determined by
the ESR (Effective Series Resistance) and voltage rating
requirements rather than actual capacitance requirements.
High frequency decoupling capacitors should be placed as
close to the power pins of the load as physically possible. Be
careful not to add inductance in the circuit board wiring that
could cancel the usefulness of these low inductance
components. Consult with the manufacturer of the load on
specific decoupling requirements.
Use only specialized low-ESR capacitors intended for
switching-regulator applications for the bulk capacitors. The
bulk capacitor’s ESR will determine the output ripple voltage
and the initial voltage drop after a high slew-rate transient. An
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
VIN - VOUT
fs x L
x
VOUT = I x ESR
VOUT
VIN
(EQ. 11)
(EQ. 12)
Increasing the value of inductance reduces the ripple current
and voltage. However, the large inductance values reduce
the converter’s response time to a load transient.
One of the parameters limiting the converter’s response to
a load transient is the time required to change the inductor
current. Given a sufficiently fast control loop design, the
ISL6526, ISL6526A will provide either 0% or 100% duty
cycle in response to a load transient. The response time is
the time required to slew the inductor current from an initial
current value to the transient current level. During this
interval, the difference between the inductor current and
the transient current level must be supplied by the output
capacitor. Minimizing the response time can minimize the
output capacitance required.
The response time to a transient is different for the
application of load and the removal of load. Equations 13
and 14 give the approximate response time interval for
application and removal of a transient load:
tRISE =
tFALL =
L x ITRAN
VIN - VOUT
L x ITRAN
VOUT
(EQ. 13)
(EQ. 14)
where: ITRAN is the transient load current step, tRISE is the
response time to the application of load, and tFALL is the
response time to the removal of load. The worst case
response time can be either at the application or removal of
load. Be sure to check both of these equations at the
minimum and maximum output levels for the worst case
response time.
Page 12 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Input Capacitor Selection
Use a mix of input bypass capacitors to control the voltage
overshoot across the MOSFETs. Use small ceramic
capacitors for high frequency decoupling and bulk capacitors
to supply the current needed each time Q1 turns on. Place the
small ceramic capacitors physically close to the MOSFETs
and between the drain of Q1 and the source of Q2 .
The important parameters for the bulk input capacitor are the
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable
operation, select the bulk capacitor with voltage and current
ratings above the maximum input voltage and largest RMS
current required by the circuit. The capacitor voltage rating
should be at least 1.25 times greater than the maximum
input voltage and a voltage rating of 1.5 times is a
conservative guideline. The RMS current rating requirement
for the input capacitor of a buck regulator is approximately
1/2 the DC load current.
The maximum RMS current required by the regulator may be
closely approximated using Equation 15:
I RMS
MAX
=
V OUT 
V IN – V OUT V OUT 2
2
1
--------------  I OUT
+ ------   -----------------------------  -------------- 

V IN
V IN  
12  L  f s
MAX
(EQ. 15)
For a through hole design, several electrolytic capacitors may
be needed. For surface mount designs, solid tantalum
capacitors can be used, but caution must be exercised with
regard to the capacitor surge current rating. These capacitors
must be capable of handling the surge-current at power-up.
Some capacitor series available from reputable manufacturers
are surge current tested.
MOSFET Selection/Considerations
The ISL6526, ISL6526A require two N-Channel power
MOSFETs. These should be selected based upon rDS(ON) ,
gate supply requirements, and thermal management
requirements.
In high-current applications, the MOSFET power dissipation,
package selection and heatsink are the dominant design
factors. The power dissipation includes two loss components;
conduction loss and switching loss. The conduction losses are
the largest component of power dissipation for both the upper
and the lower MOSFETs. These losses are distributed
between the two MOSFETs according to duty factor. The
switching losses seen when sourcing current will be different
from the switching losses seen when sinking current. When
sourcing current, the upper MOSFET realizes most of the
switching losses. The lower switch realizes most of the
switching losses when the converter is sinking current (see
Equations 16 and 17). These equations assume linear
voltage-current transitions and do not adequately model
power loss due the reverse-recovery of the upper and lower
MOSFET’s body diode. The gate-charge losses are
dissipated by the ISL6526, ISL6526A and don't heat the
MOSFETs. However, large gate-charge increases the
switching interval, tSW which increases the MOSFET
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
switching losses. Ensure that both MOSFETs are within their
maximum junction temperature at high ambient temperature
by calculating the temperature rise according to package
thermal-resistance specifications. A separate heatsink may be
necessary depending upon MOSFET power, package type,
ambient temperature and air flow.
Losses while Sourcing Current
2
1
P UPPER = Io  r DS  ON   D + ---  Io  V IN  t SW  f s
2
PLOWER = Io2 x rDS(ON) x (1 - D)
(EQ. 16)
Losses while Sinking Current
PUPPER = Io2 x rDS(ON) x D
2
1
P LOWER = Io  r DS  ON    1 – D  + ---  Io  V IN  t SW  f s
2
Where: D is the duty cycle = VOUT/VIN ,
tSW is the combined switch ON and OFF time, and
fs is the switching frequency.
(EQ. 17)
Given the reduced available gate bias voltage (5V), logic-level
or sub-logic-level transistors should be used for both
N-MOSFETs. Caution should be exercised with devices
exhibiting very low VGS(ON) characteristics. The shoot-through
protection present aboard the ISL6526, ISL6526A may be
circumvented by these MOSFETs if they have large parasitic
impedances and/or capacitances that would inhibit the gate of
the MOSFET from being discharged below its threshold level
before the complementary MOSFET is turned on.
Bootstrap Component Selection
External bootstrap components, a diode and capacitor, are
required to provide sufficient gate enhancement to the upper
MOSFET. The internal MOSFET gate driver is supplied by the
external bootstrap circuitry, as shown in Figure 7. The boot
capacitor, CBOOT, develops a floating supply voltage
referenced to the PHASE pin. This supply is refreshed each
cycle, when DBOOT conducts, to a voltage of CPVOUT less the
boot diode drop, VD, plus the voltage rise across QLOWER.
ISL6526,
ISL6526A
CPVOUT
DBOOT
+
VD
-
VIN
BOOT
CBOOT
UGATE
QUPPER
PHASE
+
LGATE
NOTE:
VG-S = VCC -VD
QLOWER
NOTE:
VG-S = VCC
GND
FIGURE 7. UPPER GATE DRIVE BOOTSTRAP
Page 13 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Just after the PWM switching cycle begins and the charge
transfer from the bootstrap capacitor to the gate capacitance is
complete, the voltage on the bootstrap capacitor is at its lowest
point during the switching cycle. The charge lost on the
bootstrap capacitor will be equal to the charge transferred to
the equivalent gate-source capacitance of the upper MOSFET
as shown in Equation 18:
Q GATE = C BOOT   V BOOT1 – V BOOT2 
(EQ. 18)
where QGATE is the maximum total gate charge of the upper
MOSFET, CBOOT is the bootstrap capacitance, VBOOT1 is the
bootstrap voltage immediately before turn-on, and VBOOT2 is
the bootstrap voltage immediately after turn-on.
The bootstrap capacitor begins its refresh cycle when the gate
drive begins to turn-off the upper MOSFET. A refresh cycle ends
when the upper MOSFET is turned on again, which varies
depending on the switching frequency and duty cycle.
The minimum bootstrap capacitance can be calculated by
rearranging the previous equation and solving for CBOOT.
Q GATE
C BOOT = ---------------------------------------------------V BOOT1 – V
BOOT2
(EQ. 19)
Typical gate charge values for MOSFETs considered in these
types of applications range from 20 to 100nC. Since the
voltage drop across QLOWER is negligible, VBOOT1 is simply
VCPVOUT - VD. A Schottky diode is recommended to minimize
the voltage drop across the bootstrap capacitor during the ontime of the upper MOSFET. Initial calculations with VBOOT2 no
less than 4V will quickly help narrow the bootstrap capacitor
range.
For example, consider an upper MOSFET is chosen with a
maximum gate charge, Qg, of 100nC. Limiting the voltage drop
across the bootstrap capacitor to 1V results in a value of no
less than 0.1µF. The tolerance of the ceramic capacitor should
also be considered when selecting the final bootstrap
capacitance value.
A fast recovery diode is recommended when selecting a
bootstrap diode to reduce the impact of reverse recovery
charge loss. Otherwise, the recovery charge, QRR, would have
to be added to the gate charge of the MOSFET and taken into
consideration when calculating the minimum bootstrap
capacitance.
ISL6526, ISL6526A DC/DC Converter
Application Circuit
Figure 8 shows an application circuit of a DC/DC Converter.
Detailed information on the circuit, including a complete Bill of
Materials and circuit board description, can be found in
Application Note AN1021:
http://www.intersil.com/data/an/an1021.pdf.
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 14 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
3.3V
C1
0.1µF
GND
11
TP1
4
VCC
OCSET
CT1
C3
6
ISL6526, ISL6526A
C4
0.22µF
CPVOUT
5
10
1
9
R1
9.76k
TP3
3
C5
10µF
CERAMIC
CAP
D1
CT2
BOOT
CPGND
UGATE
GND
PHASE
ENABLE
C2
1000pF
U1
ENABLE
LGATE
COMP
13
14
C7
0.1µF
L1
12
2
C8, 9
7
C10
R3
33pF
R2
C11
2.26k
R4
6.49k 5600pF
R5
1.07k
Component Selection Notes:
2.5V @ 5A
Q1
FB
8
C6
1µF
C12
124 8200pF
GND
FIGURE 8. 3.3V TO 2.5V 5A DC/DC CONVERTER
C3, C8, C9 - Each 150µF, Panasonic EEF-UE0J151R or Equivalent.
D1 - 30mA Schottky Diode, MA732 or Equivalent
L1 - 1µH Inductor, Panasonic P/N ETQ-P6F1ROSFA or Equivalent.
Q1 - Fairchild MOSFET; ITF86110DK8.
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 15 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to the web to make
sure that you have the latest revision.
DATE
REVISION
Sep 30, 2015
FN9055.12
CHANGE
Updated Ordering Information Table on page 2.
Added Revision History.
About Intersil
Intersil Corporation is a leading provider of innovative power management and precision analog solutions. The company's products
address some of the largest markets within the industrial and infrastructure, mobile computing and high-end consumer markets.
For the most updated datasheet, application notes, related documentation and related parts, please see the respective product
information page found at www.intersil.com.
For a listing of definitions and abbreviations of common terms used in our documents, visit: www.intersil.com/glossary.
You can report errors or suggestions for improving this datasheet by visiting www.intersil.com/ask.
Reliability reports are also available from our website at www.intersil.com/support.
© Copyright Intersil Americas LLC 2001-2015. All Rights Reserved.
All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil may modify the circuit design and/or specifications of products at any time without notice, provided that such
modification does not, in Intersil's sole judgment, affect the form, fit or function of the product. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that datasheets are
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otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 16 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Package Outline Drawing
L16.5x5B
16 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 2, 02/08
4X 2.4
5.00
12X 0.80
A
B
13
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
16
12
5.00
1
3 . 10 ± 0 . 15
9
(4X)
4
0.15
5
8
TOP VIEW
0.10 M C A B
+0.15
16X 0 . 60
-0.10
4 0.33 +0.07 / -0.05
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
1.00 MAX
C
BASE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
( 4 . 6 TYP )
(
SIDE VIEW
3 . 10 )
( 12X 0 . 80 )
C
( 16X 0 .33 )
( 16 X 0 . 8 )
0 . 2 REF
5
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
DETAIL "X"
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 17 of 18
ISL6526, ISL6526A
Package Outline Drawing
M14.15
14 LEAD NARROW BODY SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 1, 10/09
8.65
A 3
4
0.10 C A-B 2X
6
14
DETAIL"A"
8
0.22±0.03
D
6.0
3.9
4
0.10 C D 2X
0.20 C 2X
7
PIN NO.1
ID MARK
5
0.31-0.51
B 3
(0.35) x 45°
4° ± 4°
6
0.25 M C A-B D
TOP VIEW
0.10 C
1.75 MAX
H
1.25 MIN
0.25
GAUGE PLANE C
SEATING PLANE
0.10 C
0.10-0.25
1.27
SIDE VIEW
(1.27)
DETAIL "A"
(0.6)
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSEY14.5m-1994.
3. Datums A and B to be determined at Datum H.
(5.40)
4. Dimension does not include interlead flash or protrusions.
Interlead flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm per side.
5. The pin #1 indentifier may be either a mold or mark feature.
(1.50)
6. Does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion
shall be 0.10mm total in excess of lead width at maximum condition.
7. Reference to JEDEC MS-012-AB.
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
FN9055 Rev 12.00
Sep 30, 2015
Page 18 of 18
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