a 2.5 V to 5.0 V Micropower, Precision Series Mode Voltage References AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 3-Lead SOT-23 (RT Suffix) FEATURES Series Reference (2.5 V, 3 V, 4.096 V, 5 V) Low Quiescent Current: 70 A max Current Output Capability: 5 mA Wide Supply Range: VIN = VOUT + 200 mV to 12 V Wideband Noise (10 Hz to 10 kHz): 50 V rms Specified Temperature Range: –40C to +125C Compact, Surface-Mount SOT-23 Package VOUT 1 GND 2 AD1582/ AD1583/ AD1584/ AD1585 3 VIN TOP VIEW AD158x Products, Three Electrical Grades B C A Tempco (ppmC) Initial Accuracy AD1582 0.08% 0.16% 0.80% AD1583/AD1585 0.10% 0.20% 1.00% AD1584 0.10% 0.20% 0.98% 50 50 100 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD1582, AD1583, AD1584, and AD1585 are a family of low cost, low power, low dropout, precision band gap references. These designs are available as three-terminal (series) devices and are packaged in the compact SOT-23, 3-lead surface-mount package. The versatility of these references makes them ideal for use in battery-powered 3 V or 5 V systems where there may be wide variations in supply voltage and a need to minimize power dissipation. The superior accuracy and temperature stability of the AD1582/ AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 is made possible by the precise matching and thermal tracking of on-chip components. Patented temperature drift curvature correction design techniques minimize the nonlinearities in the voltage output temperature characteristic. These series mode devices (AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585) source or sink up to 5 mA of load current and operate efficiently with only 200 mV of required headroom supply. This family draws a maximum 70 µA of quiescent current with only a 1.0 µA/V variation with supply voltage. The advantage of these designs over conventional shunt devices is extraordinary. Valuable supply current is no longer wasted through an input series resistor, and maximum power efficiency is achieved at all input voltage levels. The AD1582, AD1583, AD1584, and AD1585 are available in three grades, A, B, and C, and are provided in a tiny footprint, the SOT-23. All grades are specified over the industrial temperature range of –40°C to +125°C. TARGET APPLICATIONS 1. Portable, battery-powered equipment, e.g., notebook computers, cellular phones, pagers, PDAs, GPSs, and DMMs. 2. Computer workstations. Suitable for use with a wide range of video RAMDACs. 3. Smart industrial transmitters 4. PCMCIA cards 5. Automotive 6. Hard disk drives 7. 3 V/5 V, 8-bit/12-bit data converters 900 800 700 600 ISUPPLY (A) Electrical Grade SHUNT REFERENCE* 500 400 300 200 100 0 2.7 AD1582 SERIES REFERENCE VSUPPLY (V) 5 *3.076k SOURCE RESISTOR Figure 1. Supply Current (µ A) vs. Supply Voltage (V) REV. D Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781/326-8703 © 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 AD1582–SPECIFICATIONS (@ T = T A Parameter OUTPUT VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) VO INITIAL ACCURACY ERROR (@ 25°C) VOERR Min AD1582A Typ Max VIN = 5 V, unless otherwise noted.) Min AD1582B Typ Max Min AD1582C Typ Max Unit 2.480 2.500 2.520 2.498 2.500 2.502 2.496 2.500 2.504 V –20 –0.80 OUTPUT VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE DRIFT TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (TCV O) –40°C < TA < +125°C 0°C < TA < 70°C MINIMUM SUPPLY HEADROOM (VIN–VOUT) MIN to TMAX, 40 35 +20 –2 +0.80 –0.08 +2 –4 +0.08 –0.16 +4 mV +0.16 % 100 50 50 ppm/°C 50 ppm/°C ppm/°C 100 200 18 15 50 200 18 15 200 mV LOAD REGULATION 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +85°C) 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +125°C) 0.2 0.4 0.25 0.45 2.7 3.5 0.2 0.4 0.25 0.45 2.7 3.5 0.2 0.4 0.25 0.45 2.7 3.5 mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA LINE REGULATION VOUT 200 mV < VIN < 12 V IOUT = 0 mA 25 25 25 µV/V RIPPLE REJECTION (∆VOUT/∆VIN) VIN = 5 V ± 100 mV (f = 120 Hz) 80 80 80 dB QUIESCENT CURRENT 70 70 70 µA SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT TO GROUND 15 15 15 mA NOISE VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 10 Hz to 10 kHz 70 50 TURN-ON SETTLING TIME TO 0.1%, CL = 0.2 µF 70 50 100 µV p-p µV rms 70 50 100 100 µs LONG-TERM STABILITY 1000 Hours @ 25°C 100 100 100 ppm/1000 hrs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS 115 115 115 ppm TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Performance (A, B, C) Operating Performance (A, B, C) –40 –55 +125 +125 –40 –55 +125 +125 –40 –55 +125 +125 °C °C Specifications subject to change without notice. –2– REV. D AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 AD1583–SPECIFICATIONS (@ T = T MIN Parameter Min OUTPUT VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) VO 2.970 3.000 3.030 2.997 3.000 3.003 2.994 3.000 3.006 V –30 –1.0 +30 +1.0 A INITIAL ACCURACY ERROR (@ 25°C) VOERR to TMAX, VIN = 5 V, unless otherwise noted.) AD1583A Typ Max OUTPUT VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE DRIFT AD1583B Typ Max –3 –0.1 +3 +0.1 100 TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (TCV O) –40°C < TA < +125°C 0°C < TA < 70°C MINIMUM SUPPLY HEADROOM (VIN –VOUT) Min 40 35 AD1583C Typ Max –6 –0.20 18 15 50 200 Unit +6 mV +0.20 % 50 100 200 Min 18 15 50 ppm/°C 50 ppm/°C ppm/°C 200 mV LOAD REGULATION 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +85°C) 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +125°C) 0.25 0.45 0.40 0.6 2.9 3.7 0.25 0.45 0.40 0.6 2.9 3.7 0.25 0.45 0.40 0.6 2.9 3.7 mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA LINE REGULATION VOUT 200 mV < VIN < 12 V IOUT = 0 mA 25 25 25 µV/V RIPPLE REJECTION (∆VOUT/∆VIN) VIN = 5 V ± 100 mV (f = 120 Hz) 80 80 80 dB QUIESCENT CURRENT 70 70 70 µA SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT TO GROUND 15 15 15 mA NOISE VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 10 Hz to 10 kHz 85 60 TURN-ON SETTLING TIME TO 0.1% CL = 0.2 µF 85 60 120 µV p-p µV rms 85 60 120 120 µs LONG-TERM STABILITY 1000 Hours @ 25°C 100 100 100 ppm/1000 hrs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS 115 115 115 ppm TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Performance (A, B, C) Operating Performance (A, B, C) –40 –55 +125 +125 Specifications subject to change without notice. REV. D –3– –40 –55 +125 +125 –40 –55 +125 +125 °C °C AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 AD1584–SPECIFICATIONS (@ T = T to T A MIN MAX, VIN = 5 V, unless otherwise noted.) AD1584A Typ Max OUTPUT VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) VO 4.056 4.096 4.136 4.092 4.096 4.100 4.088 4.096 4.104 V –40 –0.98 +40 –4 +0.98 –0.1 +4 +0.1 100 50 OUTPUT VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE DRIFT TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (TCV O) –40°C < TA < +125°C 0°C < TA < 70°C MINIMUM SUPPLY HEADROOM (VIN –VOUT) 40 35 100 200 18 15 Min AD1584C Typ Max Min INITIAL ACCURACY ERROR (@ 25°C) VOERR Min AD1584B Typ Max Parameter –8 –0.2 50 200 18 15 Unit +8 +0.2 mV % 50 ppm/°C 50 ppm/°C ppm/°C 200 mV LOAD REGULATION 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +85°C) 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +125°C) 0.32 0.52 0.40 0.6 3.2 4.1 0.32 0.52 0.40 0.6 3.2 4.1 0.32 0.52 0.40 0.6 3.2 4.1 mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA LINE REGULATION VOUT 200 mV < VIN < 12 V IOUT = 0 mA 25 25 25 µV/V RIPPLE REJECTION (∆VOUT/∆VIN) VIN = 5 V ± 100 mV (f = 120 Hz) 80 80 80 dB QUIESCENT CURRENT 70 70 70 µA SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT TO GROUND 15 15 15 mA NOISE VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 10 Hz to 10 kHz 110 90 TURN-ON SETTLING TIME TO 0.1% CL = 0.2 µF 110 90 140 µV p-p µV rms 110 90 140 140 µs LONG-TERM STABILITY 1000 Hours @ 25°C 100 100 100 ppm/1000 hrs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS 115 115 115 ppm TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Performance (A, B, C) Operating Performance (A, B, C) –40 –55 +125 +125 –40 –55 +125 +125 –40 –55 +125 +125 °C °C Specifications subject to change without notice. –4– REV. D AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 AD1585–SPECIFICATIONS (@ T = T A MIN to TMAX, VIN = 6 V, unless otherwise noted.) AD1585A Typ Max OUTPUT VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) VO 4.950 5.000 5.050 4.995 5.000 5.005 4.990 5.000 5.010 V –50 –1.0 +50 +1.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE TEMPERATURE DRIFT 100 TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (TCV O) –40°C < TA < +125°C 0°C < TA < 70°C MINIMUM SUPPLY HEADROOM (VIN–VOUT) –5 –0.10 40 35 100 200 18 15 Min AD1585C Typ Max Min INITIAL ACCURACY ERROR (@ 25°C) VOERR Min AD1585B Typ Max Parameter Unit +5 –10 +0.10 –0.20 +10 mV +0.20 % 50 50 ppm/°C 50 ppm/°C ppm/°C 50 200 18 15 200 mV LOAD REGULATION 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +85°C) 0 mA < IOUT < 5 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –5 mA < IOUT < 0 mA (–40°C to +125°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +85°C) –0.1 mA < IOUT < +0.1 mA (–40°C to +125°C) 0.40 0.6 0.40 0.6 4 4.8 0.40 0.6 0.40 0.6 4 4.8 0.40 0.6 0.40 0.6 4 4.8 mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA mV/mA LINE REGULATION VOUT 200 mV < VIN < 12 V IOUT = 0 mA 25 25 25 µV/V RIPPLE REJECTION (∆VOUT/∆VIN) VIN = 6 V ± 100 mV (f = 120 Hz) 80 80 80 dB QUIESCENT CURRENT 70 70 70 µA SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT TO GROUND 15 15 15 mA NOISE VOLTAGE (@ 25°C) 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 10 Hz to 10 kHz 140 100 TURN-ON SETTLING TIME TO 0.1% CL = 0.2 µF 140 100 175 µV p-p µV rms 140 100 175 175 µs LONG-TERM STABILITY 1000 Hours @ 25°C 100 100 100 ppm/1000 hrs. OUTPUT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS 115 115 115 ppm TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Performance (A, B, C) Operating Performance (A, B, C) –40 –55 +125 +125 Specifications subject to change without notice. REV. D –5– –40 –55 +125 +125 –40 –55 +125 +125 °C °C AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS 1 PACKAGE BRANDING INFORMATION VIN to Ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 V Internal Power Dissipation2 SOT-23 (RT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 mW Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +125°C Specified Temperature Range AD1582RT/AD1583RT/, AD1584RT/AD1585RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +125°C Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase (60 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215°C Infrared (15 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220°C Four fields identify the device: • First field, product identifier, for example, a “2/3/4/5” identifies the generic as AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 • Second field, device grade, which can be “A,” “B,” or “C” • Third field, calendar year of processing, “7” for 1997..., “A” for 2001... • Fourth field, two-week window within the calendar year, for example, letters A–Z to represent a two-week window starting with “A” for the first two weeks of January. NOTES 1 Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2 Specification is for device in free air at 25°C: SOT-23 package: θJA = 300°C/W. CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 feature proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. WARNING! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE ORDERING GUIDE Model Output Voltage (V) Initial Accuracy Accuracy (mV) (%) Initial Temperature Coefficient (ppm/C) Package Package Description Option Top Mark Number of Parts per Reel AD1582ART-R2 AD1582ART-Reel7 AD1582BRT-R2 AD1582BRT-Reel7 AD1582CRT-Reel7 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 20 20 2 2 4 0.80 0.80 0.08 0.08 0.16 100 100 50 50 50 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 2A0A 2A0A 2B0A 2B0A 2C0A 250 3000 250 3000 3000 AD1583ART-R2 AD1583ART-Reel7 AD1583BRT-R2 AD1583BRT-Reel7 AD1583CRT-Reel7 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 30 30 3 3 6 1.00 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 100 100 50 50 50 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 3A0A 3A0A 3B0A 3B0A 3C0A 250 3000 250 3000 3000 AD1584ART-R2 AD1584ART-Reel7 AD1584BRT-R2 AD1584BRT-Reel7 AD1584CRT-Reel7 4.096 4.096 4.096 4.096 4.096 40 40 4 4 8 0.98 0.98 0.10 0.10 0.20 100 100 50 50 50 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 4A0A 4A0A 4B0A 4B0A 4C0A 250 3000 250 3000 3000 AD1585ART-R2 AD1585ART-Reel7 AD1585BRT-R2 AD1585BRT-Reel7 AD1585CRT-R2 AD1585CRT-Reel7 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 50 50 5 5 10 10 1.00 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 100 100 50 50 50 50 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 RT-3 5A0A 5A0A 5B0A 5B0A 5C0A 5C0A 250 3000 250 3000 250 3000 –6– REV. D AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 PARAMETER DEFINITIONS Temperature Coefficient (TCV O) The change of output voltage over the operating temperature change and normalized by the output voltage at 25⬚C, expressed in ppm/⬚C. The equation follows: TCVO [ppm / °C ] = where: VO (T2 ) − VO (T1 ) × 106 VO (25°C) × (T2 − T1 ) VO(25⬚C) = VO at 25⬚C Thermal Hysteresis (V O_HYS) The change of output voltage after the device is cycled through temperatures from +25⬚C to –40⬚C to +85°C and back to +25⬚C. This is a typical value from a sample of parts put through such a cycle: VO_HYS = VO (25°C) − VO_TC VO_HYS [ppm] = where: VO (25°C) − VO_TC × 106 VO (25°C) VO(T1) = VO at temperature 1 VO(25⬚C) = VO at 25⬚C VO(T2) = VO at temperature 2 VO_TC = VO at 25⬚C after temperature cycle at +25⬚C to –40⬚C to +85⬚C and back to +25⬚C Line Regulation (∆VO /∆VIN) The change in output voltage due to a specified change in input voltage. It includes the effects of self-heating. Line regulation is expressed in either percent per volt, parts per million per volt, or microvolts per volt change in input voltage. Operating Temperature The temperature extremes at which the device can still function. Parts may deviate from their specified performance outside the specified temperature range. Load Regulation (∆VO /∆ILOAD) The change in output voltage due to a specified change in load current. It includes the effects of self-heating. Load regulation is expressed in either microvolts per milliampere, parts per million per milliampere, or Ω of dc output resistance. Long-Term Stability (∆VO) Typical shift of output voltage at 25⬚C on a sample of parts subjected to an operation life test of 1000 hours at 125⬚C: ∆VO = VO (t0 ) − VO (t1 ) ∆VO [ppm] = where: VO (t0 ) − VO (t1 ) × 106 VO (t0 ) VO(t0) = VO at 25⬚C at time 0 VO(t1) = VO at 25⬚C after 1000 hours operation at 125⬚C REV. D –7– AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585–Typical Performance Characteristics 0.40 22 20 0.35 18 0.30 AD1585 0.25 14 mV/mA # OF PARTS 16 12 10 0.20 AD1582 0.15 8 6 0.10 4 0.05 2 0 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 ppm/C 10 20 30 40 0 50 0 TPC 1. Typical Output Voltage Temperature Drift Distribution 4 6 VIN (V) 8 10 12 TPC 4. Load Regulation vs. VIN 50 0 45 –10 40 –20 35 –30 30 V/V # OF PARTS 2 25 –40 AD1582 –50 20 –60 15 AD1585 10 –70 5 –80 0 –1.00% –0.60% –0.20% 0.20% VOUT (ERROR) 0.60% –90 –5 1.00% TPC 2. Typical Output Voltage Error Distribution –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 IOUT (mA) 2 3 4 5 TPC 5. Line Regulation vs. ILOAD 2.504 10k 2.502 2.500 IOUT = 1mA nV/ Hz VOUT 2.498 2.496 IOUT = 0 1k 2.494 2.492 2.490 2.488 –40 100 10 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 100k TEMPERATURE ( C) TPC 3. Typical Temperature Drift Characteristic Curves TPC 6. Noise Spectral Density –8– REV. D AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 THEORY OF OPERATION The AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family uses the band gap concept to produce stable, low temperature coefficient voltage references suitable for high accuracy data acquisition components and systems. This family of precision references uses the underlying temperature characteristics of a silicon transistor’s base emitter voltage in the forward-biased operating region. Under this condition, all such transistors have a –2 mV/°C temperature coefficient (TC) and a VBE that, when extrapolated to absolute zero, 0°K (with collector current proportional to absolute temperature), approximates the silicon band gap voltage. By summing a voltage that has an equal and opposite temperature coefficient of 2 mV/°C with the VBE of a forward-biased transistor, an almost zero TC reference can be developed. In the AD1582/ AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 simplified circuit diagram shown in Figure 2, such a compensating voltage, V1, is derived by driving two transistors at different current densities and amplifying the resultant VBE difference (∆VBE, which has a positive TC). The sum of VBE and V1(VBG) is then buffered and amplified to produce stable reference voltage outputs of 2.5 V, 3 V, 4.096 V, and 5 V. R3 VIN R4 VOUT R5 VBG + VBE R2 – R1 R6 + V1 – GND Figure 2. Simplified Schematic APPLYING THE AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 VIN + 1 VOUT 1F – 2 Figure 3. Typical Connection Diagram TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE The AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family of references is designed for applications where temperature performance is important. Extensive temperature testing and characterization ensures that the device’s performance is maintained over the specified temperature range. The error band guaranteed with the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/ AD1585 family is the maximum deviation from the initial value at 25°C. Thus, for a given grade of the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/ AD1585, the designer can easily determine the maximum total error by summing initial accuracy and temperature variation, e.g., for the AD1582BRT, the initial tolerance is ± 2 mV, the temperature error band is ± 8 mV, thus the reference is guaranteed to be 2.5 V ± 10 mV from –40°C to +125°C. Figure 4 shows the typical output voltage drift for the AD1582 and illustrates the methodology. The box in Figure 4 is bounded on the x-axis by operating temperature extremes. It is bounded on the y-axis by the maximum and minimum output voltages observed over the operating temperature range. The slope of the diagonal drawn from the initial output value at 25°C to the output values at +125°C and –40°C determines the performance grade of the device. Duplication of these results requires a test system that is highly accurate with stable temperature control. Evaluation of the AD1582 produces curves similar to those in TPC 3 and Figure 4, but output readings may vary depending upon the test methods and test equipment used. The AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 is a family of series references that can be used for many applications. To achieve optimum performance with these references, only two external components are required. Figure 3 shows the AD1582 configured for operation under all loading conditions. With a simple 4.7 µF capacitor attached to the input and a 1 µF capacitor applied to the output, the devices can achieve specified performance for all input voltage and output current requirements. For best transient response, add a 0.1 µF capacitor in parallel with the 4.7 µF capacitor. While a 1 µF output capacitor can provide stable performance for all loading conditions, the AD1582 can operate under low (–100 µA < I OUT < +100 µA) current conditions with just a 0.2 µF output capacitor. The 4.7 µF capacitor on the input can be reduced to 1 µF in this condition. 2.504 2.502 VOUT (V) 2.500 2.498 2.496 2.494 2.492 –40 Unlike conventional shunt reference designs, the AD1582/ AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family provides stable output voltages at constant operating current levels. When properly decoupled, as shown in Figure 3, these devices can be applied to any circuit and provide superior low power solutions. REV. D 3 4.7F AD1582/ AD1583/ AD1584/ AD1585 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE ( C) Figure 4. Output Voltage vs. Temperature –9– 120 AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 VOLTAGE OUTPUT NONLINEARITY VERSUS TEMPERATURE 80 70 When using a voltage reference with data converters, it is important to understand the impact that temperature drift can have on the converter’s performance. The nonlinearity of the reference output drift represents additional error that cannot easily be calibrated out of the overall system. To better understand the impact such a drift can have on a data converter, refer to Figure 5 where the measured drift characteristic is normalized to the endpoint average drift. The residual drift error of the AD1582 of approximately 200 ppm demonstrates that this family of references is compatible with systems that require 12-bit accurate temperature performance. # OF PARTS 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 –700 –450 –200 250 50 ppm 300 550 Figure 6. Output Voltage Hysteresis Distribution 200 SUPPLY CURRENT VERSUS TEMPERATURE The quiescent current for the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family of references varies slightly over temperature and input supply range. Figure 7 demonstrates the typical performance for the AD1582 reference when varying both temperature and supply voltage. As is evident from the graph, the AD1582 supply current increases only 1.0 µA/V, making this device extremely attractive for use in applications where there may be wide variations in supply voltage and a need to minimize power dissipation. VOUT (ppm) 150 100 50 0 –50 –50 –25 0 25 50 TEMPERATURE (C) 75 100 100 Figure 5. Residual Drift Error 80 OUTPUT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS TA = +85C 60 IQ (A) High performance industrial equipment manufacturers may require the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family to maintain a consistent output voltage error at 25°C after the references are operated over the full temperature range. While all references exhibit a characteristic known as output voltage hysteresis, the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family is designed to minimize this characteristic. This phenomenon can be quantified by measuring the change in the +25°C output voltage after temperature excursions from +125°C to +25°C, and from –40°C to +25°C. Figure 6 displays the distribution of the AD1582 output voltage hysteresis. TA = +25C 40 TA = –40C 20 0 3 4 5 6 7 VIN (V) 8 9 10 11 Figure 7. Typical Supply Current over Temperature SUPPLY VOLTAGE One of the ideal features of the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 is low supply voltage headroom. The parts can operate at supply voltages as low as 200 mV above VOUT and up to 12 V. However, if negative voltage is inadvertently applied to VIN with respect to ground or any negative transient, >5 V is coupled to VIN and the device may be damaged. –10– REV. D AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 AC PERFORMANCE NOISE PERFORMANCE AND REDUCTION To apply the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family of references, it is important to understand the effects of dynamic output impedance and power supply rejection. In Figure 8a, a voltage divider is formed by the AD1582’s output impedance and by the external source impedance. Figure 8b shows the effect of varying the load capacitor on the reference output. Power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) should be determined when characterizing the ac performance of a series voltage reference. Figure 9a shows a test circuit used to measure PSRR, and Figure 9b demonstrates the AD1582’s ability to attenuate line voltage ripple. The noise generated by the AD1582 is typically less than 70 µV p-p over the 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz frequency band. Figure 10 shows the 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz noise of a typical AD1582. The noise measurement is made with a high gain band-pass filter. Noise in a 10 Hz to 10 kHz region is approximately 50 µV rms. Figure 11 shows the broadband noise of a typical AD1582. If further noise reduction is desired, a 1-pole low-pass filter may be added between the output pin and the ground. A time constant of 0.2 ms has a –3 dB point at roughly 800 Hz, and reduces the high frequency noise to about 16 µV rms. It should be noted, however, that while additional filtering on the output may improve the noise performance of the AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family, the added output impedance could degrade the ac performance of the references. VLOAD DC 2V 2k 10k 2 VOUT 5V 10k 1 5F DUT 100A 1F 10k 10 V 1s 100 90 Figure 8a. Output Impedance Test Circuit 100 1F CAP OUTPUT IMPEDANCE () 10 0% 10 AD1585 Figure 10. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Voltage Noise AD1582 1 100V 10ms 100 90 0.1 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M Figure 8b. Output Impedance vs. Frequency 10 0% 10V 10k 5V 100mV 1 200mV 10k 0.22F DUT Figure 11. 10 Hz to 10 kHz Wideband Noise VOUT 0.22F Figure 9a. Ripple Rejection Test Circuit 100 90 80 70 PSRR (dB) AD1582 60 50 AD1585 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M Figure 9b. Ripple Rejection vs. Frequency REV. D –11– AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 TURN-ON TIME DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE Many low power instrument manufacturers are becoming increasingly concerned with the turn-on characteristics of the components being used in their systems. Fast turn-on components often enable the end user to save power by keeping power off when it is not needed. Turn-on settling time is defined as the time required, after the application of power (cold start), for the output voltage to reach its final value within a specified error. The two major factors affecting this are the active circuit settling time and the time required for the thermal gradients on the chip to stabilize. Figure 12a shows the turn-on settling and transient response test circuit. Figure 12b shows the turn-on characteristic of the AD1582. This characteristic is generated from cold-start operation and represents the true turn-on waveform after power-up. Figure 12c shows the fine settling characteristics of the AD1582. Typically, the reference settles to within 0.1% of its final value in about 100 µs. Many A/D and D/A converters present transient current loads to the reference, and poor reference response can degrade the converter’s performance. The AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 family of references provides superior static and dynamic line and load regulation. Since these series references are capable of both sourcing and sinking large current loads, they exhibit excellent settling characteristics. The device can momentarily draw excessive supply current when VSUPPLY is slightly below the minimum specified level. Power supply resistance must be low enough to ensure reliable turn-on. Fast power supply edges minimize this effect. Figure 13 displays the line transient response for the AD1582. The circuit used to perform such a measurement is shown in Figure 12a, where the input supply voltage is toggled from 5 V to 10 V and the input and output capacitors are each 0.22 µF. Figures 14 and 15 show the load transient settling characteristics for the AD1582 when load current steps of 0 mA to +5 mA and 0 mA to –1 mA are applied. The input supply voltage remains constant at 5 V, the input decoupling and output load capacitors are 4.7 µF and 1 µF, respectively, and the output current is toggled. For both positive and negative current loads, the reference responses settle very quickly and exhibit initial voltage spikes less than 10 mV. 10k 0V OR 10V 0V TO 10V 5V OR 10V 0V OR 5V 1 0.22F 10k DUT 5V 50s 200mV 50s 100 90 VOUT 0.22F Figure 12a. Turn-On/Transient Response Test Circuit 10 0% 5V 20s Figure 13. Line Transient Response 100 90 5V 20s 100 90 10 0% 1V 20s Figure 12b. Turn-On Characteristics 10 0% 5mV 5V 20s 20s Figure 14. Load Transient Response (0 mA to 5 mA Load) 100 90 5V 20s 100 90 10 0% 1mV 20s Figure 12c. Turn-On Settling 10 0% 5mV 20s Figure 15. Load Transient Response (0 mA to –1 mA Load) –12– REV. D AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 3-Lead Small Outline Transistor Package [SOT-23-3] (RT-3) Dimensions shown in millimeters 3.04 2.90 2.80 1.40 1.30 1.20 3 1 2.64 2.10 2 PIN 1 0.95 BSC 1.90 BSC 1.12 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.50 0.30 SEATING PLANE 0.20 0.08 0.60 0.50 0.40 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS TO-236AB SOT-23 Tape and Reel Dimensions shown in millimeters 4.10 4.00 3.90 1.55 1.50 1.50 2.05 2.00 1.95 8.30 8.00 7.70 7" REEL 100.00 OR 13" REEL 330.00 1.10 1.00 0.90 1.85 1.75 1.65 0.35 0.30 0.25 2.80 2.70 2.60 13.20 13.00 12.80 7" REEL 50.00 MIN OR 13" REEL 100.00 MIN 3.55 3.50 3.45 3.20 3.10 2.90 1.00 MIN 0.75 MIN 9.90 8.40 8.40 DIRECTION OF UNREELING REV. D 1.50 MIN 20.20 MIN 14.40 MAX –13– AD1582/AD1583/AD1584/AD1585 Revision History Location Page 6/04—Data Sheet Changed from REV. C to REV. D. Changes to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 12/02—Data Sheet Changed from REV. B to REV. C. Changes to FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Changes to GENERAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Changes to SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Changes to ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 TPC 3 replaced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Changes to TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Figure 4 replaced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Changes to OUTPUT VOLTAGE HYSTERESIS section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 SOT-23 package updated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 –14– REV. D –15– –16– C00701–0–6/04(D)