ATMEL AT87F51RC 8-bit microcontroller with 32k bytes quickflash Datasheet

Features
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Compatible with MCS-51™ Products
32K Bytes of One-time Programmable QuickFlash™ Memory
4V to 6V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
512 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down
Hardware Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer
Power-off Flag
8-bit
Microcontroller
with 32K Bytes
QuickFlash™
Description
The AT87F51RC is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with
32K bytes of QuickFlash one-time programmable (OTP) read only memory and 512
bytes of RAM. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile
memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 and 80C52
instruction set and pinout. The on-chip QuickFlash allows the program memory to be
PDIP
Pin Configurations
Preliminary
VCC
P0.0 (AD0)
P0.1 (AD1)
P0.2 (AD2)
P0.3 (AD3)
P0.4 (AD4)
P0.5 (AD5)
P0.6 (AD6)
P0.7 (AD7)
EA/VPP
ALE/PROG
PSEN
P2.7 (A15)
P2.6 (A14)
P2.5 (A13)
P2.4 (A12)
P2.3 (A11)
P2.2 (A10)
P2.1 (A9)
P2.0 (A8)
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
(RXD) P3.0
NC
(TXD) P3.1
(INT0) P3.2
(INT1) P3.3
(T0) P3.4
(T1) P3.5
6
5
4
3
2
1
44
43
42
41
40
P1.4
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1 (T2 EX)
P1.0 (T2)
NC
VCC
P0.0 (AD0)
P0.1 (AD1)
P0.2 (AD2)
P0.3 (AD3)
PLCC
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
P0.4 (AD4)
P0.5 (AD5)
P0.6 (AD6)
P0.7 (AD7)
EA/VPP
NC
ALE/PROG
PSEN
P2.7 (A15)
P2.6 (A14)
P2.5 (A13)
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
(WR) P3.6
(RD) P3.7
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
GND
(A8) P2.0
(A9) P2.1
(A10) P2.2
(A11) P2.3
(A12) P2.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
(RXD) P3.0
NC
(TXD) P3.1
(INT0) P3.2
(INT1) P3.3
(T0) P3.4
(T1) P3.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
(WR) P3.6
(RD) P3.7
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
NC
(A8) P2.0
(A9) P2.1
(A10) P2.2
(A11) P2.3
(A12) P2.4
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
P1.4
P1.3
P1.2
P1.1 (T2 EX)
P1.0 (T2)
NC
VCC
P0.0 (AD0)
P0.1 (AD1)
P0.2 (AD2)
P0.3 (AD3)
TQFP
(T2) P1.0
(T2EX) P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
RST
(RXD) P3.0
(TXD) P3.1
(INT0) P3.2
(INT1) P3.3
(T0) P3.4
(T1) P3.5
(WR) P3.6
(RD) P3.7
XTAL2
XTAL1
GND
AT87F51RC
P0.4 (AD4)
P0.5 (AD5)
P0.6 (AD6)
P0.7 (AD7)
EA/VPP
NC
ALE/PROG
PSEN
P2.7 (A15)
P2.6 (A14)
P2.5 (A13)
Rev. 1106C–02/00
1
user programmed by a conventional nonvolatile memory
programmer. A total of 512 bytes of internal RAM are available in the AT87F51RC. The 256-byte expanded internal
RAM is accessed via MOVX instructions after clearing bit 1
in the SFR located at address 8EH. The other 256-byte
RAM segment is accessed the same way as the Atmel
AT89-series and other 8052-compatible products. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with QuickFlash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT87F51RC is a powerful
microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and costeffective solution to many embedded control applications.
Block Diagram
P0.0 - P0.7
P2.0 - P2.7
PORT 0 DRIVERS
PORT 2 DRIVERS
VCC
GND
RAM ADDR.
REGISTER
B
REGISTER
PORT 0
LATCH
RAM
QUICK
FLASH
PORT 2
LATCH
STACK
POINTER
ACC
BUFFER
TMP1
TMP2
PROGRAM
ADDRESS
REGISTER
PC
INCREMENTER
ALU
INTERRUPT, SERIAL PORT,
AND TIMER BLOCKS
PROGRAM
COUNTER
PSW
PSEN
ALE/PROG
EA / VPP
TIMING
AND
CONTROL
DUAL
DPTR
INSTRUCTION
REGISTER
RST
WATCH
DOG
PORT 1
LATCH
PORT 3
LATCH
PORT 1 DRIVERS
PORT 3 DRIVERS
OSC
P1.0 - P1.7
2
AT87F51RC
P3.0 - P3.7
AT87F51RC
The AT87F51RC provides the following standard features:
32K bytes of QuickFlash, 512 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines,
three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt
architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and
clock circuitry. In addition, the AT87F51RC is designed
with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and
supports two software selectable power saving modes. The
Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM,
timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue
functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next external interrupt or hardware reset.
Pin Description
VCC
Supply voltage.
GND
Ground.
Port 0
Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an
output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s
are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance inputs.
Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pullups.
Port 0 also receives the code bytes during QuickFlash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required during program
verification.
Port 1
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups.
The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.
When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by
the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,
Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.
In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the
timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the
timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as
shown in the following table.
Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during
QuickFlash programming and verification.
Port Pin
Alternate Functions
P1.0
T2 (external count input to Timer/Counter 2),
clock-out
P1.1
T2EX (Timer/Counter 2 capture/reload trigger
and direction control)
Port 2
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups.
The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.
When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by
the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,
Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.
Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches
from external program memory and during accesses to
external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @
DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data
memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2
emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register.
Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some
control signals during QuickFlash programming and verification.
Port 3
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups.
The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.
When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by
the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,
Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source
current (IIL) because of the pullups.
Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features
of the AT87F51RC, as shown in the following table.
Port 3 also receives some control signals for QuickFlash
programming and verification.
Port Pin
Alternate Functions
P3.0
RXD (serial input port)
P3.1
TXD (serial output port)
P3.2
INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3
INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4
T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5
T1 (timer 1 external input)
P3.6
WR (external data memory write strobe)
P3.7
RD (external data memory read strobe)
RST
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while
the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives
High for 96 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out.
The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used
to disable this feature. In the default state of bit DISTRO,
the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.
ALE/PROG
Address Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the
low byte of the address during accesses to external
3
memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG)
during QuickFlash programming.
In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6
the oscillator frequency and may be used for external
timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one
ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data
memory.
If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of
SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is
weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no
effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode.
PSEN
Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory.
When the AT87F51RC is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine
cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during
each access to external data memory.
EA/VPP
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in
order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.
Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be
internally latched on reset.
EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.
This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during QuickFlash programming.
XTAL1
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the
internal clock operating circuit.
XTAL2
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
Table 1. AT87F51RC SFR Map and Reset Values
0F8H
0F0H
0FFH
B
00000000
0F7H
0E8H
0E0H
0EFH
ACC
00000000
0E7H
0D8H
0DFH
0D0H
PSW
00000000
0C8H
T2CON
00000000
0D7H
T2MOD
XXXXXX00
RCAP2L
00000000
RCAP2H
00000000
TL2
00000000
TH2
00000000
0CFH
0C0H
4
0C7H
0B8H
IP
XX000000
0BFH
0B0H
P3
11111111
0B7H
0A8H
IE
0X000000
0AFH
0A0H
P2
11111111
98H
SCON
00000000
90H
P1
11111111
88H
TCON
00000000
TMOD
00000000
TL0
00000000
TL1
00000000
TH0
00000000
TH1
00000000
80H
P0
11111111
SP
00000111
DP0L
00000000
DP0H
00000000
DP1L
00000000
DP1H
00000000
AUXR1
XXXXXXX0
WDTRST
XXXXXXXX
0A7H
SBUF
XXXXXXXX
9FH
97H
AT87F51RC
AUXR
XXX00000
8FH
PCON
0XXX0000
87H
AT87F51RC
Special Function Registers
A map of the on-chip memory area called the Special Function Register (SFR) space is shown in Table 1.
Note that not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses may not be implemented on the chip.
Read accesses to these addresses will in general return
random data, and write accesses will have an indeterminate effect.
User software should not write 1s to these unlisted locations, since they may be used in future products to invoke
new features. In that case, the reset or inactive values of
the new bits will always be 0.
Timer 2 Registers: Control and status bits are contained in
registers T2CON (shown in Table 2) and T2MOD (shown in
Table 4) for Timer 2. The register pair (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)
are the Capture/Reload registers for Timer 2 in 16-bit capture mode or 16-bit auto-reload mode.
Interrupt Registers: The individual interrupt enable bits
are in the IE register. Two priorities can be set for each of
the six interrupt sources in the IP register.
Table 2. T2CON – Timer/Counter 2 Control Register
T2CON Address = 0C8H
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
Bit Addressable
Bit
TF2
EXF2
RCLK
TCLK
EXEN2
TR2
C/T2
CP/RL2
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
TF2
Timer 2 overflow flag set by a Timer 2 overflow and must be cleared by software. TF2 will not be set when either RCLK = 1
or TCLK = 1.
EXF2
Timer 2 external flag set when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX and EXEN2 = 1. When
Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, EXF2 = 1 will cause the CPU to vector to the Timer 2 interrupt routine. EXF2 must be cleared
by software. EXF2 does not cause an interrupt in up/down counter mode (DCEN = 1).
RCLK
Receive clock enable. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock in serial port
Modes 1 and 3. RCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock.
TCLK
Transmit clock enable. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock in serial port
Modes 1 and 3. TCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflows to be used for the transmit clock.
EXEN2
Timer 2 external enable. When set, allows a capture or reload to occur as a result of a negative transition on T2EX if Timer
2 is not being used to clock the serial port. EXEN2 = 0 causes Timer 2 to ignore events at T2EX.
TR2
Start/Stop control for Timer 2. TR2 = 1 starts the timer.
C/T2
Timer or counter select for Timer 2. C/T2 = 0 for timer function. C/T2 = 1 for external event counter (falling edge triggered).
CP/RL2
Capture/Reload select. CP/RL2 = 1 causes captures to occur on negative transitions at T2EX if EXEN2 = 1. CP/RL2 = 0
causes automatic reloads to occur when Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions occur at T2EX when EXEN2 = 1. When
either RCLK or TCLK = 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to auto-reload on Timer 2 overflow.
5
Table 3a. AUXR: Auxiliary Register
AUXR
Address = 8EH
Reset Value = XXX00X00B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
–
–
–
WDIDLE
DISRTO
–
EXTRAM
DISALE
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
Reserved for future expansion
DISALE
Disable/Enable ALE
EXTRAM
DISTRO
DISALE
Operating Mode
0
ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency
1
ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction
Internal External RAM (00H-FFH) access using MOVX @ Ri/DPTR
EXTRAM
Operating Mode
0
Internal ERAM (00H-FFH) access using MOVX @ Ri/DPTR
1
External data memory access
Disable/Enable Reset out
DISRTO
WDIDLE
0
Reset pin is driven High after WDT times out
1
Reset pin is input only
Disable/Enable WDT in IDLE mode
WDIDLE
0
WDT continues to count in IDLE mode
1
WDT halts counting in IDLE mode
Dual Data Pointer Registers: To facilitate accessing both
internal and external data memory, two banks of 16-bit
Data Pointer Registers are provided: DP0 at SFR address
locations 82H-83H and DP1 at 84H-85H. Bit DPS = 0 in
SFR AUXR1 selects DP0 and DPS = 1 selects DP1. The
user should always initialize the DPS bit to the appropriate
value before accessing the respective Data Pointer Register.
Power Off Flag: The Power Off Flag (POF) is located at bit
4 (PCON.4) in the PCON SFR. POF is set to “1” during
power up. It can be set and rest under software control and
is not affected by reset.
Table 3b. AUXR1: Auxiliary Register 1
AUXR1
Address = A2H
Reset Value = XXXXXXX0B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
DPS
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
Reserved for future expansion
DPS
Data Pointer Register Select
DPS
6
0
Selects DPTR Registers DP0L, DP0H
1
Selects DPTR Registers DP1L, DP1H
AT87F51RC
AT87F51RC
Memory Organization
MCS-51 devices have a separate address space for Program and Data Memory. Up to 64K bytes each of external
Program and Data Memory can be addressed.
Program Memory
If the EA pin is connected to GND, all program fetches are
directed to external memory.
On the AT87F51RC, if EA is connected to VCC, program
fetches to addresses 0000H through 7FFFH are directed to
internal memory and fetches to addresses 8000H through
FFFFH are to external memory.
Data Memory
The AT87F51RC has internal data memory that is mapped
into four separate segments: the lower 128 bytes of RAM,
upper 128 bytes of RAM, 128 bytes special function register (SFR) and 256 bytes expanded RAM (ERAM).
The four segments are:
1. The Lower 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 00H to
7FH) are directly and indirectly addressable.
2. The Upper 128 bytes of RAM (addresses 80H to
FFH) are indirectly addressable only.
3. The Special Function Registers, SFRs, (addresses
80H to FFH) are directly addressable only.
4. The 256-byte expanded RAM (ERAM, 00H-FFH) is
indirectly accessed by MOVX instructions, and with
the EXTRAM bit cleared.
The Lower 128 bytes can be accessed by either direct or
indirect addressing. The Upper 128 bytes can be accessed
by indirect addressing only. The Upper 128 bytes occupy
the same address space as the SFR. This means they
have the same address, but are physically separate from
the SFR space.
When an instruction accesses an internal location above
address 7FH, the CPU knows whether the access is to the
upper 128 bytes of data RAM or to SFR space by the
addressing mode used in the instruction. Instructions that
use direct addressing access SFR space. For example:
MOV 0A0H, # data
accesses the SFR at location 0S0H (which is P2). Instructions that use indirect addressing access the Upper 128
bytes of data RAM. For example:
MOV@R0, # data
where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the data byte at
address 0A0H, rather than P2 (whose address is 0A0H).
Note that stack operations are examples of indirect
addressing, so the upper 128 bytes of data RAM are available as stack space.
The 256 bytes of ERAM can be accessed by indirect
addressing, with EXTRAM bit cleared and MOVX instructions. This part of memory is physically located on-chip,
logically occupying the first 256 bytes of external data
memory.
Figure 1. Internal and External Data Memory Address
(with EXTRAM = 0)
FF
FF
ERAM
256 BYTES
80
EXTERNAL
DATA
MEMORY
SPECIAL
FUNCTION
REGISTER
80
LOWER
128 BYTES
INTERNAL
RAM
00
FF
FF
UPPER
128 BYTES
INTERNAL
RAM
00
0100
0000
With EXTRAM = 0, the ERAM is indirectly addressed,
using the MOVX instruction in combination with any of the
registers R0, R1 of the selected bank or DPTR. An access
to ERAM will not affect ports P0, P2, P3.6 (WR), and P3.7
(RD). For example, with EXTRAM = 0,
MOVX@R0, # data
where R0 contains 0A0H, accesses the ERAM at address
0A0H rather than external memory. An access to external
data memory locations higher than FFH (i.e. 0100H to
FFFFH) will be performed with the MOVX DPTR instructions in the same way as in the standard MCS-51, i.e., with
P0 and P2 as data/address bus, and P3.6 and P3.7 as
write and read timing signals. Refer to Figure 1.
With EXTRAM = 1, MOVX @ Ri and MOVX@DPTR will be
similar to the standard MCS-51. MOVX@Ri will provide an
8-bit address multiplexed with data on Port 0 and any output port pins can be used to output higher-order address
bits. This is to provide the external paging capability.
MOVX@DPTR will generate a 16-bit address. Port 2 outputs the high-order 8 address bits (the contents of DP0H),
while Port 0 multiplexes the low-order 8 address bits (the
contents of DP0L) with data. MOVX@Ri and
MOVX@DPTR will generate either read or write signals on
P3.6 (WR) and P3.7 (RD).
The stack pointer (SP) may be located anywhere in the 256
bytes RAM (lower and upper RAM) internal data memory.
The stack may not be located in the ERAM.
7
Hardware Watchdog Timer
(One-time Enabled with Reset-out)
The WDT is intended as a recovery method in situations
where the CPU may be subjected to software upsets. The
WDT consists of a 14-bit counter and the WatchDog Timer
Reset (WDTRST) SFR. The WDT is defaulted to disable
from exiting reset. To enable the WDT, a user must write
01EH and 0E1H in sequence to the WDTRST register
(SFR location 0A6H). When the WDT is enabled, it will
increment every machine cycle while the oscillator is running. There is no way to disable the WDT except through
reset (either hardware reset or WDT overflow reset). When
WDT overflows, it will drive an output RESET HIGH pulse
at the RST pin.
Using the WDT
To enable the WDT, a user must write 01EH and 0E1H in
sequence to the WDTRST register (SFR location 0A6H).
When the WDT is enabled, the user needs to service it by
writing 01EH and 0E1H to WDTRST to avoid a WDT overflow. The 14-bit counter overflows when it reaches 16383
(3FFFH), and this will reset the device. When the WDT is
enabled, it will increment every machine cycle while the
oscillator is running. This means the user must reset the
WDT at least every 16383 machine cycles. To reset the
WDT the user must write 01EH and 0E1H to WDTRST.
WDTRST is a write-only register. The WDT counter cannot
be read or written. When WDT overflows, it will generate an
output RESET pulse at the RST pin. The RESET pulse
duration is 98xTOSC, where TOSC=1/FOSC. To make the
best use of the WDT, it should be serviced in those sections of code that will periodically be executed within the
time required to prevent a WDT reset.
WDT During Power-down and Idle
In power-down mode the oscillator stops, which means the
WDT also stops. While in power-down mode, the user does
not need to service the WDT. There are two methods of
exiting power-down mode: by a hardware reset or via a
level-activated external interrupt which is enabled prior to
entering power-down mode. When power-down is exited
with hardware reset, servicing the WDT should occur as it
normally does whenever the AT87F51RC is reset. Exiting
power-down with an interrupt is significantly different. The
interrupt is held low long enough for the oscillator to stabilize. When the interrupt is brought high, the interrupt is serviced. To prevent the WDT from resetting the device while
the interrupt pin is held low, the WDT is not started until the
interrupt is pulled high. It is suggested that the WDT be
reset during the interrupt service for the interrupt used to
exit power-down.
8
AT87F51RC
To ensure that the WDT does not overflow within a few
states of exiting power-down, it is best to reset the WDT
just before entering power-down.
Before going into the IDLE mode, the WDIDLE bit in SFR
AUXR is used to determine whether the WDT continues to
count if enabled. The WDT keeps counting during IDLE
(WDIDLE bit = 0) as the default state. To prevent the WDT
from resetting the AT87F51RC while in IDLE mode, the
user should always set up a timer that will periodically exit
IDLE, service the WDT, and reenter IDLE mode.
With WDIDLE bit enabled, the WDT will stop to count in
IDLE mode and resumes the count upon exit from IDLE.
UART
The UART in the AT87F51RC operates the same way as
the UART in the AT89C51, AT89C52 and AT89C55. For
further information, see the December 1997 Microcontroller
Data Book, page 2-48, section titled, “Serial Interface”.
Timer 0 and 1
Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the AT87F51RC operate the same
way as Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the AT87F51 and AT87F52.
Timer 2
Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter that can operate as either
a timer or an event counter. The type of operation is
selected by bit C/T2 in the SFR T2CON (shown in Table 2).
Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto-reload
(up or down counting), and baud rate generator. The
modes are selected by bits in T2CON, as shown in Table 4.
Timer 2 consists of two 8-bit registers, TH2 and TL2. In the
Timer function, the TL2 register is incremented every
machine cycle. Since a machine cycle consists of 12 oscillator periods, the count rate is 1/12 of the oscillator frequency.
Table 4. Timer 2 Operating Modes
RCLK +TCLK
CP/RL2
TR2
MODE
0
0
1
16-bit Auto-reload
0
1
1
16-bit Capture
1
X
1
Baud Rate Generator
X
X
0
(Off)
In the Counter function, the register is incremented in
response to a 1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external
input pin, T2. In this function, the external input is sampled
during S5P2 of every machine cycle. When the samples
show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the
count is incremented. The new count value appears in the
register during S3P1 of the cycle following the one in which
AT87F51RC
the transition was detected. Since two machine cycles (24
oscillator periods) are required to recognize a 1-to-0 transition, the maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency. To ensure that a given level is sampled at least
once before it changes, the level should be held for at least
one full machine cycle.
rent value in TH2 and TL2 to be captured into RCAP2H and
RCAP2L, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX
causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set. The EXF2 bit, like
TF2, can generate an interrupt. The capture mode is illustrated in Figure 2.
Capture Mode
Timer 2 can be programmed to count up or down when
configured in its 16-bit auto-reload mode. This feature is
invoked by the DCEN (Down Counter Enable) bit located in
the SFR T2MOD (see Table 5). Upon reset, the DCEN bit
is set to 0 so that timer 2 will default to count up. When
DCEN is set, Timer 2 can count up or down, depending on
the value of the T2EX pin.
In the capture mode, two options are selected by bit
EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0, Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer
or counter which upon overflow sets bit TF2 in T2CON.
This bit can then be used to generate an interrupt. If
EXEN2 = 1, Timer 2 performs the same operation, but a 1to-0 transition at external input T2EX also causes the cur-
Auto-Reload (Up or Down Counter)
Figure 2. Timer in Capture Mode
÷12
OSC
C/T2 = 0
TH2
TL2
OVERFLOW
CONTROL
C/T2 = 1
TF2
TR2
CAPTURE
T2 PIN
RCAP2H RCAP2L
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
TIMER 2
INTERRUPT
T2EX PIN
EXF2
CONTROL
EXEN2
Figure 3 shows Timer 2 automatically counting up when
DCEN=0. In this mode, two options are selected by bit
EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0, Timer 2 counts up to
0FFFFH and then sets the TF2 bit upon overflow. The
overflow also causes the timer registers to be reloaded with
the 16-bit value in RCAP2H and RCAP2L. The values in
Timer in Capture ModeRCAP2H and RCAP2L are preset
by software. If EXEN2 = 1, a 16-bit reload can be triggered
either by an overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at external
input T2EX. This transition also sets the EXF2 bit. Both the
TF2 and EXF2 bits can generate an interrupt if enabled.
Setting the DCEN bit enables Timer 2 to count up or down,
as shown in Figure 3. In this mode, the T2EX pin controls
the direction of the count. A logic 1 at T2EX makes Timer 2
count up. The timer will overflow at 0FFFFH and set the
TF2 bit. This overflow also causes the 16-bit value in
RCAP2H and RCAP2L to be reloaded into the timer registers, TH2 and TL2, respectively.
A logic 0 at T2EX makes Timer 2 count down. The timer
underflows when TH2 and TL2 equal the values stored in
RCAP2H and RCAP2L. The underflow sets the TF2 bit and
causes 0FFFFH to be reloaded into the timer registers.
The EXF2 bit toggles whenever Timer 2 overflows or
underflows and can be used as a 17th bit of resolution. In
this operating mode, EXF2 does not flag an interrupt.
9
Figure 3. Timer 2 Auto Reload Mode (DCEN = 0)
12
OSC
C/T2 = 0
TH2
TL2
OVERFLOW
CONTR OL
TR2
C/T2 = 1
RELO AD
T2 PIN
RCAP2H
TIMER 2
INTERRUPT
RCAP2L
TF2
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
EXF2
T2EX PIN
CONTROL
EXEN2
Table 5. T2MOD—Timer 2 Mode Control Register
T2MOD Address = 0C9H
Reset Value = XXXX XX00B
Not Bit Addressable
Bit
–
–
–
–
–
–
T2OE
DCEN
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Symbol
Function
–
Not implemented, reserved for future
T2OE
Timer 2 Output Enable bit.
DCEN
When set, this bit allows Timer 2 to be configured as an up/down counter.
10
AT87F51RC
AT87F51RC
Figure 4. Timer 2 Auto Reload Mode (DCEN = 1)
TOGGLE
(DOWN COUNTING RELOAD VALUE)
0FFH
OSC
0FFH
12
EXF2
OVERFLOW
C/T2 = 0
TH2
TL2
TF2
CONTROL
TR2
TIMER 2
INTERRUPT
C/T2 = 1
T2 PIN
RCAP2H RCAP2L
COUNT
DIRECTION
1=UP
0=DO
(UP COUNTING RELOAD VALUE)
T2EX PIN
Figure 5. Timer 2 in Baud Rate Generator Mode
TIMER 1 OVERFLOW
÷2
"0"
"1"
NOTE: OSC. FREQ. IS DIVIDED BY 2, NOT 12
SMOD1
OSC
÷2
C/T2 = 0
"1"
TH2
"0"
TL2
RCLK
CONTROL
TR2
÷ 16
Rx
CLOCK
C/T2 = 1
"1"
"0"
T2 PIN
TCLK
RCAP2H RCAP2L
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
÷ 16
T2EX PIN
EXF2
Tx
CLOCK
TIMER 2
INTERRUPT
CONTROL
EXEN2
11
Baud Rate Generator
Timer 2 is selected as the baud rate generator by setting
TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON (Table 2). Note that the
baud rates for transmit and receive can be different if Timer
2 is used for the receiver or transmitter and Timer 1 is used
for the other function. Setting RCLK and/or TCLK puts
Timer 2 into its baud rate generator mode, as shown in Figure 5.
The baud rate generator mode is similar to the auto-reload
mode, in that a rollover in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers
to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in registers RCAP2H
and RCAP2L, which are preset by software.
The baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by Timer
2’s overflow rate according to the following equation.
Timer 2 Overflow Rate
Mdes 1 and 3 Baud Rates = -----------------------------------------------------------16
The Timer can be configured for either timer or counter
operation. In most applications, it is configured for timer
operation (CP/T2 = 0). The timer operation is different for
Timer 2 when it is used as a baud rate generator. Normally,
as a timer, it increments every machine cycle (at 1/12 the
oscillator frequency). As a baud rate generator, however, it
increments every state time (at 1/2 the oscillator frequency). The baud rate formula is given below.
Modes 1 and 3
Oscillator Frequency
--------------------------------------- = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Baud Rate
32 x [65536-RCAP2H,RCAP2L)]
where (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) is the content of RCAP2H and
RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer.
Timer 2 as a baud rate generator is shown in Figure 5. This
figure is valid only if RCLK or TCLK = 1 in T2CON. Note
that a rollover in TH2 does not set TF2 and will not generate an interrupt. Note too, that if EXEN2 is set, a 1-to-0
transition in T2EX will set EXF2 but will not cause a reload
from (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) to (TH2, TL2). Thus when Timer
2 is in use as a baud rate generator, T2EX can be used as
an extra external interrupt.
Note that when Timer 2 is running (TR2 = 1) as a timer in
the baud rate generator mode, TH2 or TL2 should not be
read from or written to. Under these conditions, the Timer is
incremented every state time, and the results of a read or
write may not be accurate. The RCAP2 registers may be
read but should not be written to, because a write might
overlap a reload and cause write and/or reload errors. The
timer should be turned off (clear TR2) before accessing the
Timer 2 or RCAP2 registers.
Figure 6. Timer 2 in Clock-Out Mode
TL2
(8-BITS)
2
OSC
TH2
(8-BITS)
TR2
RCAP2L RCAP2H
C/T2 BIT
P1.0
(T2)
2
T2OE (T2MOD.1)
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
P1.1
(T2EX)
EXF2
EXEN2
12
AT87F51RC
TIMER 2
INTERRUPT
AT87F51RC
Programmable Clock Out
A 50% duty cycle clock can be programmed to come out on
P1.0, as shown in Figure 6. This pin, besides being a regular I/O pin, has two alternate functions. It can be programmed to input the external clock for Timer/Counter 2 or
to output a 50% duty cycle clock ranging from 61 Hz to 4
MHz at a 16 MHz operating frequency.
To configure the Timer/Counter 2 as a clock generator, bit
C/T2 (T2CON.1) must be cleared and bit T2OE (T2MOD.1)
must be set. Bit TR2 (T2CON.2) starts and stops the timer.
The clock-out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and the reload value of Timer 2 capture registers
(RCAP2H, RCAP2L), as shown in the following equation.
the Timer 2 flag, TF2, is set at S2P2 and is polled in the
same cycle in which the timer overflows.
Table 6. Interrupt Enable (IE) Register
(MSB)
EA
(LSB)
—
ET2
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Enable Bit = 1 enables the interrupt.
Enable Bit = 0 disables the interrupt.
Symbol
Position
Function
EA
IE.7
Disables all interrupts. If EA = 0,
no interrupt is acknowledged. If
EA = 1, each interrupt source is
individually enabled or disabled
by setting or clearing its enable
bit.
—
IE.6
Reserved.
ET2
IE.5
Timer 2 interrupt enable bit.
ES
IE.4
Serial Port interrupt enable bit.
ET1
IE.3
Timer 1 interrupt enable bit.
EX1
IE.2
External interrupt 1 enable bit.
ET0
IE.1
Timer 0 interrupt enable bit.
EX0
IE.0
External interrupt 0 enable bit.
Oscillator Frequency
Clock-Out Frequency = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 x [65536-(RCAP2H,RCAP2L)]
In the clock-out mode, Timer 2 roll-overs will not generate
an interrupt. This behavior is similar to when Timer 2 is
used as a baud-rate generator. It is possible to use Timer 2
as a baud-rate generator and a clock generator simultaneously. Note, however, that the baud-rate and clock-out
frequencies cannot be determined independently from one
another since they both use RCAP2H and RCAP2L.
Interrupts
The AT87F51RC has a total of six interrupt vectors: two
external interrupts (INT0 and INT1), three timer interrupts
(Timers 0, 1, and 2), and the serial port interrupt. These
interrupts are all shown in Figure 7.
Each of these interrupt sources can be individually enabled
or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in Special Function
Register IE. IE also contains a global disable bit, EA, which
disables all interrupts at once.
Note that Table 5 shows that bit position IE.6 is unimplemented. In the AT87F51RC, bit position IE.5 is also unimplemented. User software should not write 1s to these bit
positions, since they may be used in future AT89 products.
Timer 2 interrupt is generated by the logical OR of bits TF2
and EXF2 in register T2CON. Neither of these flags is
cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored
to. In fact, the service routine may have to determine
whether it was TF2 or EXF2 that generated the interrupt,
and that bit will have to be cleared in software.
The Timer 0 and Timer 1 flags, TF0 and TF1, are set at
S5P2 of the cycle in which the timers overflow. The values
are then polled by the circuitry in the next cycle. However,
ES
User software should never write 1s to unimplemented bits,
because they may be used in future AT89 products.
Figure 7. Interrupt Sources
0
IE0
INT0
1
TF0
0
INT1
IE1
1
TF1
TI
RI
TF2
EXF2
13
Oscillator Characteristics
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively,
of an inverting amplifier that can be configured for use as
an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 8. Either a quartz
crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the
device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left
unconnected while XTAL1 is driven, as shown in Figure 9.
There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external
clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry
is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be
observed.
its normal operating level and must be held active long
enough to allow the oscillator to restart and stabilize.
Figure 8. Oscillator Connections
C2
XTAL2
C1
XTAL1
Idle Mode
In idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the onchip peripherals remain active. The mode is invoked by
software. The content of the on-chip RAM and all the special functions registers remain unchanged during this
mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled
interrupt or by a hardware reset.
Note that when idle mode is terminated by a hardware
reset, the device normally resumes program execution
from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the
internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware
inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to
the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of
an unexpected write to a port pin when idle mode is terminated by a reset, the instruction following the one that
invokes idle mode should not write to a port pin or to external memory.
GND
Note:
C1, C2 = 30 pF ± 10 pF for Crystals
= 40 pF ± 10 pF for Ceramic Resonators
Figure 9. External Clock Drive Configuration
Power-down Mode
NC
XTAL2
EXTERNAL
OSCILLATOR
SIGNAL
XTAL1
In the power down mode, the oscillator is stopped, and the
instruction that invokes power down is the last instruction
executed. The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values until the power down mode is terminated. Exit from power down can be initiated either by a
hardware reset or by an enabled external interrupt. Reset
redefines the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM.
The reset should not be activated before VCC is restored to
GND
Table 7. Status of External Pins During Idle and Power-down Modes
Mode
Program Memory
ALE
PSEN
PORT0
PORT1
PORT2
PORT3
Idle
Internal
1
1
Data
Data
Data
Data
Idle
External
1
1
Float
Data
Address
Data
Power-down
Internal
0
0
Data
Data
Data
Data
Power-down
External
0
0
Float
Data
Data
Data
14
AT87F51RC
AT87F51RC
Program Memory Lock Bits
The AT87F51RC has three lock bits that can be left unprogrammed (U) or can be programmed (P) to obtain the additional features listed in the following table.
Table 8. Lock Bit Protection Modes
Program Lock Bits
1
LB1
LB2
LB3
Protection Type
U
U
U
No program lock features.
2
P
U
U
MOVC instructions executed
from external program
memory are disabled from
fetching code bytes from
internal memory, EA is
sampled and latched on reset,
and further programming of
the QuickFlash memory is
disabled.
3
P
P
U
Same as mode 2, but verify is
also disabled.
4
P
P
P
Same as mode 3, but external
execution is also disabled.
When lock bit 1 is programmed, the logic level at the EA pin
is sampled and latched during reset. If the device is powered up without a reset, the latch initializes to a random
value and holds that value until reset is activated. The
latched value of EA must agree with the current logic level
at that pin in order for the device to function properly.
Programming the QuickFlash
The AT87F51RC is shipped with the on-chip QuickFlash
memory array ready to be programmed. The programming
interface needs a high-voltage (12-volt) program enable
signal and is compatible with conventional third-party Flash
or EPROM programmers.
The AT87F51RC code memory array is programmed byteby-byte.
Programming Algorithm: Before programming the
AT87F51RC, the address, data, and control signals should
be set up according to the QuickFlash programming mode
table and Figure 10 and Figure 11. To program the
AT87F51RC, take the following steps:
1. Input the desired memory location on the address
lines.
2. Input the appropriate data byte on the data lines.
3. Activate the correct combination of control signals.
4. Raise EA/VPP to 12V.
5. Pulse ALE/PROG once to program a byte in the
QuickFlash array or the lock bits. The byte-write
cycle is self-timed and typically takes no more than
50 µs. Repeat steps 1 through 5, changing the
address and data for the entire array or until the end
of the object file is reached.
Data Polling: The AT87F51RC features Data Polling to
indicate the end of a write cycle. During a write cycle, an
attempted read of the last byte written will result in the complement of the written data on P0.7. Once the write cycle
has been completed, true data is valid on all outputs, and
the next cycle may begin. Data Polling may begin any time
after a write cycle has been initiated.
Ready/Busy: The progress of byte programming can also
be monitored by the RDY/BSY output signal. P3.0 is pulled
low after ALE goes high during programming to indicate
BUSY. P3.0 is pulled high again when programming is
done to indicate READY.
Program Verify: If lock bits LB1 and LB2 have not been
programmed, the programmed code data can be read back
via the address and data lines for verification. The lock bits
cannot be verified directly. Verification of the lock bits is
achieved by observing that their features are enabled.
Reading the Signature Bytes: The signature bytes are
read by the same procedure as a normal verification of
locations 000H, 100H, and 200H, except that P3.6 and
P3.7 must be pulled to a logic low. The values returned are
as follows.
(000H) = 1EH indicates manufactured by Atmel
(100H) = 87H indicates 87F family
(200H) = 07H indicates 87F51RC
15
Programming Interface
Every code byte in the QuickFlash array can be programmed by using the appropriate combination of control
signals. The write operation cycle is self-timed and once
initiated, will automatically time itself to completion.
All major programming vendors offer worldwide support for
the Atmel microcontroller series. Please contact your local
programming vendor for the appropriate software revision.
Table 9. QuickFlash Programming Modes
P3.4
P2.5-0
P1.7-0
ALE/
EA/
PROG
VPP
P2.6
P2.7
P3.3
P3.6
P3.7
Data
12 V
L
H
H
H
H
DIN
A14
A13-8
A7-0
H
L
L
L
H
H
DOUT
A14
A13-8
A7-0
P0.7-0
Mode
VCC
RST
PSEN
Write Code Data
5V
H
L
Read Code Data
5V
H
L
Write Lock Bit 1
6.5 V
H
L
12 V
H
H
H
H
H
X
X
X
X
Write Lock Bit 2
6.5 V
H
L
12 V
H
H
H
L
L
X
X
X
X
Write Lock Bit 3
6.5 V
H
L
12 V
H
L
H
H
L
X
X
X
X
1, 2, 3
5V
H
L
H
H
H
H
L
H
L
D2, 3, 4
X
X
X
Read Atmel ID
5V
H
L
H
H
L
L
L
L
L
1EH
X
X
000H
Read Device ID
5V
H
L
H
H
L
L
L
L
L
87H
X
X
100H
Read Device ID
5V
H
L
H
H
L
L
L
L
L
07H
X
X
200H
H
Address
Read Lock Bits
Notes:
1. Each Prog/pulse is 200 ns for Write Code Data and 100 ms for Write Lock Bits.
2. RDY/BSY signal is output on P3.0 during programming.
Figure 10. Programming the QuickFlash Memory
Figure 11. Verifying the QuickFlash Memory
+5V
+5V
AT87F51RC
AT87F51RC
ADDR.
0000H/7FFFH
A0 - A7
A14*
SEE FLASH
PROGRAMMING
MODES TABLE
A8 - A13
P1.0-P1.7
VCC
P2.0 - P2.5
P0
P3.4
P2.6
P2.7
ALE
P3.3
P3.6
PGM
DATA
PROG
EA
SEE FLASH
PROGRAMMING
MODES TABLE
VIH/VPP
P1.0-P1.7
VCC
P2.0 - P2.5
P3.4
P2.6
P2.7
P3.3
P3.6
P3.7
P0
A8 - A13
A14*
P3.7
XTAL2
A0 - A7
ADDR.
0000H/7FFFH
ALE
VIH
XTAL 2
EA
XTAL1
RST
3-24 MHz
3-24 MHz
XTAL1
GND
P3.0
RDY/
BSY
RST
VIH
PSEN
GND
PSEN
*Programming address line A14 (P3.4) is not the same as the external memory address line A14 (P2.6).
16
PGM DATA
(USE 10K
PULLUPS)
AT87F51RC
VIH
AT87F51RC
QuickFlash Programming and Verification Characteristics
TA = 0°C to 70°C, VCC = 5.0 ± 10%
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Units
VPP
Programming Supply Voltage
11.5
12.0
V
IPP
Programming Supply Current
10
mA
ICC
VCC Supply Current
30
mA
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
24
MHz
tAVGL
Address Setup to PROG Low
48tCLCL
tGHAX
Address Hold after PROG
48tCLCL
tDVGL
Data Setup to PROG Low
48tCLCL
tGHDX
Data Hold after PROG
48tCLCL
tEHSH
P2.7 (ENABLE) High to VPP
48tCLCL
tSHGL
VPP Setup to PROG Low
10
µs
tGHSL
VPP Hold after PROG
10
µs
tGLGH
PROG Width
0.2
tAVQV
Address to Data Valid
48tCLCL
tELQV
ENABLE Low to Data Valid
48tCLCL
tEHQZ
Data Float after ENABLE
tGHBL
PROG High to BUSY Low
1.0
µs
tWC
Byte Write Cycle Time
80
µs
3
1
0
µs
48tCLCL
QuickFlash Programming and Verification Waveforms
PROGRAMMING
ADDRESS
P1.0 - P1.7
P2.0 - P2.5
P3.4
VERIFICATION
ADDRESS
tAVQV
PORT 0
DATA IN
tAVGL
tDVGL
tGHDX
DATA OUT
tGHAX
ALE/PROG
tSHGL
tGLGH
VPP
tGHSL
LOGIC 1
LOGIC 0
EA/VPP
tEHSH
tEHQZ
tELQV
P2.7
(ENABLE)
tGHBL
P3.0
(RDY/BSY)
BUSY
READY
tWC
17
Absolute Maximum Ratings*
Operating Temperature.................................. -55°C to +125°C
*NOTICE:
Storage Temperature ..................................... -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on Any Pin
with Respect to Ground .....................................-1.0V to +7.0V
Maximum Operating Voltage ............................................ 6.6V
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and
functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of this specification is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
DC Output Current...................................................... 15.0 mA
DC Characteristics
The values shown in this table are valid for TA = -40°C to 85°C and VCC = 5.0V ± 20%, unless otherwise noted.
Symbol
Parameter
Condition
Min
Max
Units
VIL
Input Low-voltage
(Except EA)
-0.5
0.2 VCC-0.1
V
VIL1
Input Low-voltage (EA)
-0.5
0.2 VCC-0.3
V
VIH
Input High-voltage
0.2 VCC+0.9
VCC+0.5
V
VIH1
Input High-voltage
0.7 VCC
VCC+0.5
V
IOL = 1.6 mA
0.45
V
IOL = 3.2 mA
0.45
V
VOL
Output Low-voltage
(Except XTAL1, RST)
(XTAL1, RST)
(1)
(Ports 1,2,3)
(1)
VOL1
Output Low-voltage
(Port 0, ALE, PSEN)
VOH
Output High-voltage
(Ports 1,2,3, ALE, PSEN)
IOH = -60 µA, VCC = 5V ± 10%
2.4
V
IOH = -25 µA
0.75 VCC
V
IOH = -10 µA
0.9 VCC
V
2.4
V
IOH = -300 µA
0.75 VCC
V
IOH = -80 µA
0.9 VCC
V
IOH = -800 µA, VCC = 5V ± 10%
VOH1
Output High-voltage
(Port 0 in External Bus Mode)
IIL
Logical 0 Input Current (Ports 1,2,3)
VIN = 0.45V
-50
µA
ITL
Logical 1 to 0 Transition Current
(Ports 1,2,3)
VIN = 2V, VCC = 5V ± 10%
-650
µA
ILI
Input Leakage Current (Port 0, EA)
0.45 < VIN < VCC
±10
µA
RRST
Reset Pull-down Resistor
300
KΩ
CIO
Pin Capacitance
Test Freq. = 1 MHz, TA = 25°C
10
pF
Active Mode, 12 MHz
25
mA
Idle Mode, 12 MHz
6.5
mA
VCC = 6V
100
µA
VCC = 3V
40
µA
50
Power Supply Current
ICC
Power-down Mode(1)
Notes:
1. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, IOL must be externally limited as follows:
Maximum IOL per port pin: 10 mA
Maximum IOL per 8-bit port:
Port 0: 26 mA
Ports 1, 2, 3: 15 mA
Maximum total IOL for all output pins: 71 mA
If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater
than the listed test conditions.
2. Minimum VCC for Power-down is 2V.
18
AT87F51RC
AT87F51RC
AC Characteristics
Under operating conditions, load capacitance for Port 0, ALE/PROG, and PSEN = 100 pF; load capacitance for all other
outputs = 80 pF.
External Program and Data Memory Characteristics
12 MHz Oscillator
Variable Oscillator
Min
Min
Max
Units
0
24
MHz
Symbol
Parameter
Max
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
tLHLL
ALE Pulse Width
127
2tCLCL-40
ns
tAVLL
Address Valid to ALE Low
43
tCLCL-13
ns
tLLAX
Address Hold after ALE Low
48
tCLCL-20
ns
tLLIV
ALE Low to Valid Instruction In
tLLPL
ALE Low to PSEN Low
43
tCLCL-13
ns
tPLPH
PSEN Pulse Width
205
3tCLCL-20
ns
tPLIV
PSEN Low to Valid Instruction In
tPXIX
Input Instruction Hold after PSEN
tPXIZ
Input Instruction Float after PSEN
tPXAV
PSEN to Address Valid
tAVIV
Address to Valid Instruction In
312
5tCLCL-55
ns
tPLAZ
PSEN Low to Address Float
10
10
ns
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
400
6tCLCL-100
ns
tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
400
6tCLCL-100
ns
tRLDV
RD Low to Valid Data In
tRHDX
Data Hold after RD
tRHDZ
Data Float after RD
97
2tCLCL-28
ns
tLLDV
ALE Low to Valid Data In
517
8tCLCL-150
ns
tAVDV
Address to Valid Data In
585
9tCLCL-165
ns
tLLWL
ALE Low to RD or WR Low
200
3tCLCL+50
ns
tAVWL
Address to RD or WR Low
203
4tCLCL-75
ns
tQVWX
Data Valid to WR Transition
23
tCLCL-20
ns
tQVWH
Data Valid to WR High
433
7tCLCL-120
ns
tWHQX
Data Hold after WR
33
tCLCL-20
ns
tRLAZ
RD Low to Address Float
tWHLH
RD or WR High to ALE High
233
4tCLCL-65
145
0
3tCLCL-45
0
59
75
tCLCL-8
0
5tCLCL-90
3tCLCL-50
0
43
123
tCLCL-20
ns
ns
0
300
ns
ns
tCLCL-10
252
ns
ns
ns
0
ns
tCLCL+25
ns
19
External Program Memory Read Cycle
tLHLL
ALE
tAVLL
tLLIV
tLLPL
tPLIV
PSEN
tPXAV
tPLAZ
tPXIZ
tLLAX
tPXIX
A0 - A7
PORT 0
tPLPH
INSTR IN
A0 - A7
tAVIV
A8 - A15
PORT 2
A8 - A15
External Data Memory Read Cycle
tLHLL
ALE
tWHLH
PSEN
tLLDV
tRLRH
tLLWL
RD
tLLAX
tAVLL
PORT 0
tRLDV
tRLAZ
A0 - A7 FROM RI OR DPL
tRHDZ
tRHDX
DATA IN
A0 - A7 FROM PCL
INSTR IN
tAVWL
tAVDV
PORT 2
20
P2.0 - P2.7 OR A8 - A15 FROM DPH
AT87F51RC
A8 - A15 FROM PCH
AT87F51RC
External Data Memory Write Cycle
tLHLL
ALE
tWHLH
PSEN
tLLWL
WR
tAVLL
tLLAX
tQVWX
A0 - A7 FROM RI OR DPL
PORT 0
tWLWH
tQVWH
DATA OUT
tWHQX
A0 - A7 FROM PCL
INSTR IN
tAVWL
PORT 2
P2.0 - P2.7 OR A8 - A15 FROM DPH
A8 - A15 FROM PCH
External Clock Drive Waveforms
tCHCX
VCC - 0.5V
tCHCX
tCLCH
tCHCL
0.7 VCC
0.2 VCC - 0.1V
0.45V
tCLCX
tCLCL
External Clock Drive
Symbol
Parameter
1/tCLCL
Oscillator Frequency
tCLCL
Clock Period
tCHCX
Min
Max
Units
0
24
MHz
41.6
ns
High Time
15
ns
tCLCX
Low Time
15
ns
tCLCH
Rise Time
20
ns
tCHCL
Fall Time
20
ns
21
Serial Port Timing: Shift Register Mode Test Conditions
The values in this table are valid for VCC = 5.0V ± 20% and Load Capacitance = 80 pF.
12 MHz Osc
Variable Oscillator
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Min
Max
tXLXL
Serial Port Clock Cycle Time
1.0
12tCLCL
µs
tQVXH
Output Data Setup to Clock Rising Edge
700
10tCLCL-133
ns
tXHQX
Output Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge
50
2tCLCL-117
ns
tXHDX
Input Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge
0
0
ns
tXHDV
Clock Rising Edge to Input Data Valid
700
Units
10tCLCL-133
ns
Shift Register Mode Timing Waveforms
INSTRUCTION
ALE
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
tXLXL
CLOCK
tQVXH
tXHQX
WRITE TO SBUF
0
1
tXHDV
OUTPUT DATA
CLEAR RI
VALID
2
3
4
5
6
tXHDX
VALID
VALID
SET TI
VALID
VALID
VALID
VALID
AC Testing Input/Output Waveforms(1)
Note:
22
1.
Float Waveforms(1)
V LOAD+
0.2 VCC + 0.9V
TEST POINTS
0.45V
VALID
SET RI
INPUT DATA
VCC - 0.5V
7
AT87F51RC
V LOAD Note:
V OL -
0.1V
V OL +
0.1V
Timing Reference
Points
V LOAD
0.2 VCC - 0.1V
AC Inputs during testing are driven at VCC - 0.5V
for a logic 1 and 0.45V for a logic 0. Timing measurements are made at VIH min. for a logic 1 and VIL
max. for a logic 0.
0.1V
1.
0.1V
For timing purposes, a port pin is no longer floating
when a 100 mV change from load voltage occurs. A
port pin begins to float when a 100 mV change from
the loaded VOH/VOL level occurs.
AT87F51RC
Ordering Information
Speed
(MHz)
Power
Supply
12
5V ± 20%
16
20
24
5V ± 20%
5V ± 20%
5V ± 20%
Ordering Code
Package
Operation Range
AT87F51RC-12AC
AT87F51RC-12JC
AT87F51RC-12PC
44A
44J
40P6
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT87F51RC-12AI
AT87F51RC-12JI
AT87F51RC-12PI
44A
44J
40P6
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT87F51RC-16AC
AT87F51RC-16JC
AT87F51RC-16PC
44A
44J
40P6
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT87F51RC-16AI
AT87F51RC-16JI
AT87F51RC-16PI
44A
44J
40P6
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT87F51RC-20AC
AT87F51RC-20JC
AT87F51RC-20PC
44A
44J
40P6
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT87F51RC-20AI
AT87F51RC-20JI
AT87F51RC-20PI
44A
44J
44Q
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
AT87F51RC-24AC
AT87F51RC-24JC
AT87F51RC-24PC
44A
44J
40P6
Commercial
(0°C to 70°C)
AT87F51RC-24AI
AT87F51RC-24JI
AT87F51RC-24PI
44A
44J
40P6
Industrial
(-40°C to 85°C)
Package Type
44A
44-lead, Thin Plastic Gull Wing Quad Flatpack (TQFP)
44J
44-lead, Plastic J-Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
40P6
40-lead, 0.600" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP)
23
Packaging Information
44A, 44-lead, Thin (1.0 mm) Plastic Gull Wing Quad
Flat Package (TQFP)
Dimensions in Millimeters and (Inches)*
44J, 44-lead, Plastic J-Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
Dimensions in Inches and (Millimeters)
12.21(0.478)
SQ
11.75(0.458)
PIN 1 ID
0.45(0.018)
0.30(0.012)
0.80(0.031) BSC
.045(1.14) X 45°
PIN NO. 1
IDENTIFY
.045(1.14) X 30° - 45°
.032(.813)
.026(.660)
.695(17.7)
SQ
.685(17.4)
.500(12.7) REF SQ
1.20(0.047) MAX
0
7
0.20(.008)
0.09(.003)
.630(16.0)
.590(15.0)
.656(16.7)
SQ
.650(16.5)
.050(1.27) TYP
10.10(0.394)
SQ
9.90(0.386)
.012(.305)
.008(.203)
.021(.533)
.013(.330)
.043(1.09)
.020(.508)
.120(3.05)
.090(2.29)
.180(4.57)
.165(4.19)
.022(.559) X 45° MAX (3X)
0.75(0.030)
0.45(0.018)
0.15(0.006)
0.05(0.002)
*Controlling dimension: millimeters
40P6, 40-lead, 0.600" Wide, Plastic Dual Inline
Package (PDIP)
Dimensions in Inches and (Millimeters)
JEDEC STANDARD MS-011 AC
2.07(52.6)
2.04(51.8)
PIN
1
.566(14.4)
.530(13.5)
.090(2.29)
MAX
1.900(48.26) REF
.220(5.59)
MAX
.005(.127)
MIN
SEATING
PLANE
.065(1.65)
.015(.381)
.022(.559)
.014(.356)
.161(4.09)
.125(3.18)
.110(2.79)
.090(2.29)
.012(.305)
.008(.203)
24
.065(1.65)
.041(1.04)
.630(16.0)
.590(15.0)
0 REF
15
.690(17.5)
.610(15.5)
AT87F51RC
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© Atmel Corporation 1998.
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