LT6658 Precision Dual Output, High Current, Low Noise, Voltage Reference Description Features Dual Output Tracking Reference nn Each Output Configurable: 2.5V to 6V nn Output 1: 150mA Source/20mA Sink nn Output 2: 50mA Source/20mA Sink nn Low Drift: nn A-Grade: 10ppm/°C Max nn B-Grade: 20ppm/°C Max nn High Accuracy: nn A-Grade: ±0.05% Max nn B-Grade: ±0.1% Max nn Low Noise: 1.5ppm P-P (0.1Hz to 10Hz) nn Wide Operating Voltage Range to 36V nn Load Regulation: 0.1ppm/mA nn AC PSRR: 96dB at 10kHz nn Kelvin Sense Connection on Outputs nn Thermal Shutdown nn Separate Supply Pins for Each Output nn Available in Exposed Pad Package MSE16 The LT®6658 precision 2.5V dual output reference combines the performance of a low drift low noise reference and a linear regulator. Both outputs are ideal for driving the precision reference inputs of high resolution ADCs and DACs, even with heavy loading while simultaneously acting as output supplies powering microcontrollers and other supporting devices. Both outputs have the same precision specifications and track each other over temperature and load. Both outputs are nominally 2.5V, however each can be configured with external resistors to give an output voltage up to 6V. nn Using Kelvin connections, the LT6658 typically has 0.1ppm/mA load regulation with up to 150mA load current. A noise reduction pin is available to band-limit and lower the total integrated noise. Dual outputs provide flexibility for powering reference and regulator applications and localizing PCB routing. The outputs have excellent supply rejection and are stable with 1µF to 50µF capacitors. Applications Short circuit and thermal protection help maintain stability and prevent thermal overstress. The LT6658 is offered in the MSE16 exposed pad package. Microcontroller with ADC/DAC Applications nn Data Acquisition Systems nn Automotive Control and Monitoring nn Precision Low Noise Regulators nn Instrumentation and Process Control nn L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Typical Application Output Voltage Temperature Drift Both Outputs 2.502 VIN 5V TO 36V VIN1 VOUT2_F VIN2 VOUT2_S RLOAD2 VIN OD VOUT2 2.5V 50mA LT6658-2.5 0.1µF VOUT1 2.5V 150mA VOUT1_F BYPASS 1µF 1µF VOUT1_S GND RLOAD1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) Precision Dual Output 2.5V Reference and Supply 2.501 2.500 2.499 ILOAD1 = 150mA VOUT1 VOUT2 1µF 6658 TA01a 2.498 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6658 TA01b 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 1 LT6658 Absolute Maximum Ratings Pin Configuration (Note 1) Supply Voltages VIN, VIN1, VIN2 to GND............................. –0.3V to 38V Input Voltages OD to GND.............................................. –0.3V to 38V VOUT1_S , VOUT2_S, NR, BYPASS to GND... –0.3V to 6V Output Voltages VOUT1_F, VOUT2_F to GND.......................... –0.3V to 6V Input Current BYPASS............................................................ ±10mA Output Short-Circuit Duration........................... Indefinite Specified Temperature Range I-Grade.................................................–40°C to 85°C H-Grade.............................................. –40°C to 125°C Operating Junction Temperature Range.. –55°C to 150°C Storage Temperature Range (Note 2)...... –65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) (Note 3)............................................................. 300°C TOP VIEW GND GND BYPASS DNC NR GND VOUT2_S VOUT2_F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 17 GND 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 DNC NC VIN VOUT1_S VOUT1_F VIN1 VIN2 OD MSE PACKAGE 16-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP TJMAX = 150°C, θJC = 10°C/W, θJA = 35°C/W DNC: CONNECTED INTERNALLY DO NOT CONNECT EXTERNAL CIRCUITRY TO THESE PINS EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB Order Information http://www.linear.com/product/LT6658#orderinfo TUBE TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION SPECIFIED JUNCTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LT6658AIMSE-2.5#PBF LT6658AIMSE-2.5#TRPBF 665825 –40°C to 85°C 16-Lead Plastic MSOP LT6658BIMSE-2.5#PBF LT6658BIMSE-2.5#TRPBF 665825 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 85°C LT6658AHMSE-2.5#PBF LT6658AHMSE-2.5#TRPBF 665825 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C LT6658BHMSE-2.5#PBF LT6658BHMSE-2.5#TRPBF 665825 16-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. Parts ending with PBF are RoHS and WEEE compliant. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/ 6658f 2 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Available Options OUTPUT VOLTAGE INITIAL ACCURACY TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT SPECIFIED JUNCTION TEMPERATURE RANGE 2.500V 0.05% 10ppm/°C –40°C to 85°C 0.1% 20ppm/°C –40°C to 85°C 0.05% 10ppm/°C –40°C to 125°C 0.1% 20ppm/°C –40°C to 125°C Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full specified temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1,2_F + 2.5V, COUT1,2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN Output Voltage Accuracy LT6658A LT6658B LT6658AI LT6658BI LT6658AH LT6658BH l l l l Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 4) LT6658A LT6658B l l Line Regulation (Note 5) VOUT + 2.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 36V, VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 TYP –0.05 –0.1 –0.175 –0.35 –0.215 –0.43 Output 1 Sourcing, ΔILOAD = 0mA to 150mA 1.4 4.5 5 ppm/V ppm/V 0.1 0.5 0.8 ppm/mA ppm/mA 0.1 1.3 1.5 ppm/mA ppm/mA 0.1 2.2 2.5 ppm/mA ppm/mA 0.1 2.2 2.5 ppm/mA ppm/mA 3.5 3.9 4.25 V V l Output 2 Sinking, ΔILOAD = 0mA to 20mA l VIN Minimum Voltage ΔVOUT = 0.1%, IOUT = 0mA, VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT + 2.5V l VIN1 Dropout Voltage % % % % % % ppm/°C ppm/°C l Output 1 Sinking, ΔILOAD = 0mA to 20mA 0.05 0.1 0.175 0.35 0.215 0.43 10 20 l Output 2 Sourcing, ΔILOAD = 0mA to 50mA (Note 6) UNITS 3 10 l Load Regulation (Note 5) MAX ΔVOUT = 0.1%, IOUT = 0mA, VIN = VIN2 = VOUT + 2.5V ΔVOUT = 0.1%,IOUT = 150mA,VIN = VIN2 = VOUT + 2.5V l 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 V V ΔVOUT = 0.1%, IOUT = 0mA, VIN = VIN1 = VOUT + 2.5V ΔVOUT = 0.1%, IOUT = 50mA, VIN = VIN1 = VOUT + 2.5V l 1.8 2 2.2 2.5 V V Supply Current VOD = 5V, No Load VOD = 0.8V, No Load l l 1.9 1.0 3.0 1.2 mA mA Output Short-Circuit Current Short VOUT1_F to GND Short VOUT2_F to GND l l VIN2 Dropout Voltage 170 65 Output Noise Voltage (Note 7) 0.1Hz ≤ f ≤ 10Hz 10Hz ≤ f ≤ 1kHz, COUT = 1µF, CNR = 10µF, ILOAD = Full Current (Note 9) Frequency = 1kHz, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 10µF, ILOAD = Full Current (Note 9) Output Voltage Tracking Tracking = Output 1 – Output 2 VOUT1_S, VOUT2_S Pin Current Unity Gain OD Threshold Voltage Logic High Input Voltage Logic Low Input Voltage l l OD Pin Current VOD = 0V VOD = 36V l l 270 120 mA mA 1.5 ppmP–P 2 8 ppmRMS nV/√Hz 0.9 µV/°C 135 nA 2 30 0.3 0.8 V V 45 1.5 μA μA 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 3 LT6658 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1,2_F + 2.5V, COUT1,2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0, unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER CONDITIONS Ripple Rejection VIN1 = VOUT1 + 3V, VRIPPLE = 0.5VP–P, fRIPPLE = 120Hz, ILOAD = 150mA, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 10µF VIN2 = VOUT2 + 3V, VRIPPLE = 0.5VP–P, fRIPPLE = 120Hz, ILOAD = 50mA, COUT2 = 1µF, CNR = 10µF 107 dB 107 dB 0.1% Settling, CLOAD = 1μF 160 μs 120 ppm/√kHr 30 45 ppm ppm Turn-On Time MIN Long Term Drift (Note 8) Thermal Hysteresis (Note 9) ∆T = –40°C to 85°C ∆T = –40°C to 125°C Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: Thermal hysteresis can occur during storage at extreme temperatures. Note 3: The stated temperature is typical for soldering of the leads during manual rework. For detailed IR reflow recommendations, refer to the Applications Information section. Note 4: Temperature coefficient is measured by dividing the maximum change in output voltage by the specified temperature range. Note 5: Line and load regulation are measured on a pulse basis for specified input voltage or load current ranges. Output changes due to die temperature change must be taken into account separately. Note 6: VOUT2 load regulation specification is limited by practical automated test resolution. Please refer to the Typical Performance Characteristics section for more information regarding actual typical performance. Note 7: Peak-to-peak noise is measured with a 1-pole highpass filter at 0.1Hz and 2-pole lowpass filter at 10Hz. The unit is enclosed in a still-air environment to eliminate thermocouple effects on the leads. The test TYP MAX UNITS time is 10 seconds. RMS noise is measured on a spectrum analyzer in a shielded environment where the intrinsic noise of the instrument is removed to determine the actual noise of the device. Note 8: Long-term stability typically has a logarithmic characteristic and therefore, changes after 1000 hours tend to be much smaller than before that time. Total drift in the second thousand hours is normally less than one third that of the first thousand hours with a continuing trend toward reduced drift with time. Long-term stability will also be affected by differential stresses between the IC and the board material created during board assembly. Note 9: Hysteresis in output voltage is created by package stress that differs depending on whether the IC was previously at a higher or lower temperature. Output voltage is always measured at 25°C, but the IC is cycled to the hot or cold temperature limit before successive measurements. Hysteresis measures the maximum output change for the averages of three hot or cold temperature cycles. For instruments that are stored at well controlled temperatures (within 20 or 30 degrees of operational temperature), it’s usually not a dominant error source. Typical hysteresis is the worst-case of 25°C to cold to 25°C or 25°C to hot to 25°C, preconditioned by one thermal cycle. Note 10: The full current for ILOAD is 150mA and 50mA for Output 1 and Output 2, respectively. 6658f 4 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1_F + 2.5V = VOUT2_F + 2.5V, COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0mA, unless otherwise noted. 2.5V VOUT1 Output Voltage Temperature Drift 2.502 2.501 2.500 2.499 2.498 –50 –25 0 2.501 2.500 2.499 2.498 –50 –25 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 2.502 THREE TYPICAL PARTS OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) THREE TYPICAL PARTS OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.502 2.5V VOUT1 and VOUT2 Output Voltage vs Temperature with 150mA Load on VOUT1 2.5V VOUT2 Output Voltage Temperature Drift 0 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –100 0.1 125°C 25°C –40°C 1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 5 24 0 20 –5 –10 –15 125°C 25°C –40°C –20 –25 0.1 500 1 10 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 2.5V VOUT2 Load Regulation, Sinking 6 3 0 0.1 8 100 6658 G07 125°C 25°C –40°C 4 1 10 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 2.5V Line Regulation VOUT2 2.502 2.501 2.501 2.500 2.499 2.498 2.496 125°C 25°C –40°C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 100 6658 G06 2.502 2.497 1 10 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 12 0 100 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm) 125°C 25°C –40°C 9 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 16 2.5V Line Regulation VOUT1 18 12 0 6658 G05 6658 G04 15 VOUT1 VOUT2 2.5V VOUT1 Load Regulation, Sinking OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm) OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm) OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm) –10 ILOAD1 = 150mA 6658 G03 2.5V VOUT2 Load Regulation, Sourcing 0 –90 2.499 6658 G02 2.5V VOUT1 Load Regulation, Sourcing –80 2.500 2.498 –50 –25 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6658 G01 2.501 35 40 6658 G08 2.500 2.499 2.498 2.497 2.496 125°C 25°C –40°C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 35 40 6658 G09 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 5 LT6658 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1_F + 2.5V = VOUT2_F + 2.5V, COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0mA, unless otherwise noted. 2.5V Supply Current vs Input Voltage 2.5V Output Accuracy Histogram 40 2.5V Output Disable (OD) Low Supply Current vs Input Voltage 1.4 2.5 35 25 20 15 10 1.2 2.0 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) NUMBER OF UNITS 30 1.5 1.0 0.5 125°C 25°C –40°C 5 0 2.4985 2.4990 2.4995 2.5000 2.5005 2.5010 2.5015 VOUT1 (V) 0 0 4 8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6658 G10 125°C 25°C –40°C 0.2 0 4 8 6658 G11 2.5V Minimum VIN to VOUT1 Differential, Sourcing 6658 G12 2.5V Minimum VIN to VOUT2 Differential, Sourcing 200 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.5V VOUT1 Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency 120 100 VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = 6V 100 10 1 0.1 1.1 125°C 25°C –40°C 1.4 1.6 1.9 INPUT–OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 80 10 PSRR (dB) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 100 40 1 0.1 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 INPUT–OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0 0.01 2.1 120 120 VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = 6V 80 80 0 0.01 CNR = 1µF CNR = 10µF 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 6658 G16 PSRR (dB) 80 PSRR (dB) 100 PSRR (dB) 100 20 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 60 40 CNR = 10µF COUT1 = 1µF 20 0 0.01 ILOAD1 = 0A ILOAD1 = 150mA 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 2.5V VOUT2 Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency 100 COUT2 = 1µF ILOAD = 0A 0.1 6658 G15 2.5V VOUT1 Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = 6V 40 CNR = 1µF CNR = 10µF 6658 G14 2.5V VOUT2 Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency 60 COUT1 = 1µF ILOAD = 0A 20 125°C 25°C –40°C 6658 G13 120 60 1000 6658 G17 VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = 6V 60 40 CNR = 10µF COUT1 = 1µF 20 0 0.01 ILOAD = 0A ILOAD = 50mA 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 6658 G18 6658f 6 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Typical Performance Characteristics VOUT2_F + 2.5V, COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0mA, unless otherwise noted. 2.5V VOUT1 AC Output Impedance 150mA Load 1 0.1 0.1 0.001 IOUT1 = 10mA 0.0001 0.01 COUT1 = 1µF COUT1 = 50µF 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 10 0.01 0.001 IOUT1 = 150mA COUT1 = 1µF COUT1 = 50µF 0.0001 0.01 0.1 6658 G19 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) 0.1 VBYPASS 2V/DIV 2V/DIV VOUT1 2V/DIV VOUT2 IOUT2 = 50mA 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 CNR = OPEN COUT1 = 1µF COUT2 = 1µF 50µs/DIV COUT2 = 1µF COUT2 = 50µF 0.1 0.001 IOUT2 = 1mA 0.0001 0.01 COUT2 =1µF COUT2 = 50µF 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 6658 G23 1000 160 140 120 COUT1 = 1µF / CNR = OPEN 100 COUT1 = 50µF / CNR = 10µF 80 COUT1 = 10µF / CNR =10µF 60 40 VIN = VIN1 = 7V 20 VIN2 = 6VDC + 700mVRMS ILOAD1 = ILOAD2 = 0A, TA = 25°C 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 2.5V Channel to Channel Load Regulation (Effects of Heating Removed) 80 COUT2 = 50µF / CNR = 10µF COUT2 = 1µF / CNR = OPEN 60 40 VIN = VIN2 = 7V 20 V = 6VDC + 700mV IN1 RMS ILOAD1 = ILOAD2 = 0A, TA = 25°C 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 2.5V Channel to Channel Isolation, Time Domain 20 COUT2 = 10µF / CNR=10µF 18 VOUT2 VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm) VOUT2 CHANNEL TO CHANNEL ISOLATION (dB) 100 150mA 16 IOUT1 14 10mA 12 10 VOUT2 8 100µV/DIV 6 4 2 100 6658 G25 100 6658 G24 2.5V Channel to Channel Isolation VIN1 to VOUT2 120 1000 6658 G21 6658 G22 140 100 2.5V Channel to Channel Isolation VIN2 to VOUT1 VIN 5V/DIV 0.0001 0.01 0.01 2.5V Turn-On Characteristic 1 0.001 0.1 6658 G20 2.5V VOUT2 AC Output Impedance 50mA Load 0.01 1 VOUT1 CHANNEL TO CHANNEL ISOLATION (dB) 0.01 2.5V VOUT2 AC Output Impedance 1mA Load OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) 1 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) 2.5V VOUT1 AC Output Impedance 10mA Load TA = 25°C, VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1_F + 2.5V = 0 1 10 100 VOUT1 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 500 CNR = 0.1µF COUT1 = 1µF COUT2 = 1µF 10µs/DIV 6658 G27 6658 G26 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 7 LT6658 Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1_F + 2.5V = VOUT2_F + 2.5V, COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0mA, unless otherwise noted. 2.5V VOUT1_S Pin Input Current vs Temperature 200 200 OD PIN INPUT CURRENT (µA) VOUT1_S PIN CURRENT (nA) 250 100 THREE TYPICAL PARTS 225 175 150 125 100 75 50 10 1 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 1 2 3 OD PIN INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6658 G28 160 90 120 60 80 VOUT1 – VOUT2 (µV) VOUT1 – VOUT2 (µV) 200 THREE TYPICAL PARTS 120 30 0 –30 –60 16 20 24 VIN (V) 28 32 36 OUTPUT NOISE (2µV/DIV) NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/√Hz) 300 6658 G34 6658 G33 1s/DIV –200 0.01 2.5V VOUT2 Output Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz 1s/DIV 2.5V VOUT1 Output Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz THREE TYPICAL PARTS 6658 G31 OUTPUT NOISE (2µV/DIV) 6658 G30 –80 –160 12 –250 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) 2.5V Tracking (VOUT1 – VOUT2) vs VOUT1 Load Current 0 –120 8 4 –40 –90 4 –100 –200 40 –120 –150 0 –50 6658 G29 2.5V Tracking (VOUT1 – VOUT2) vs Input Voltage 150 50 0.1 1 10 100 VOUT1 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 1k 6658 G32 2.5V VOUT1 Output Voltage Noise Spectrum ILOAD = 0mA 240 CNR = OPEN 180 120 60 0 0.01 300 COUT1 = 1µF NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/√Hz) 0 0.1 100 –150 125°C 25°C –40°C 25 0 –50 –25 THREE TYPICAL PARTS 150 VOUT1 – VOUT2 (µV) 250 2.5V Tracking (VOUT1 – VOUT2) vs Temperature 2.5V OD Pin Current vs OD Pin Input Voltage CNR = 10µF 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 6658 G35 2.5V VOUT2 Output Voltage Noise Spectrum ILOAD = 0mA COUT2 = 1µF 240 CNR = OPEN 180 120 60 0 0.01 CNR = 10µF 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 6658 G36 6658f 8 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Typical Performance Characteristics VOUT2_F + 2.5V, COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0mA, unless otherwise noted. 300 COUT1 = 1µF CNR = OPEN 150 100 CNR = 10µF 50 0 0.01 0.1 200 CNR = OPEN 150 100 CNR = 10µF 50 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 0 0.01 1000 0.1 6658 G37 INTEGRATED NOISE (µVRMS) INTEGRATED NOISE (µVRMS) 60 COUT2 = 1µF 50 ILOAD = 0mA 40 30 20 10 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 50 40 2mV/DIV 2mV/DIV 100 20 0 0.01 1000 VBYPASS COUT1 = 1µF ILOAD = 150mA 0 0.01 2mV/DIV VIN = 5V to 5.5V ILOAD = 0mA 6658 G43 100 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 50 40 COUT2 = 1µF ILOAD = 50mA 30 20 10 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 6658 G42 500mV/DIV VBYPASS 2mV/DIV VOUT1 2mV/DIV VOUT2 2mV/DIV 50µs/DIV 1000 2.5V Line Transient Response VIN CNR = 1µF COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF 1000 CNR = OPEN CNR = 10µF 6658 G41 2mV/DIV VOUT2 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 6658 G39 60 10 2mV/DIV VOUT1 0.1 2.5V VOUT2 Integrated Noise ILOAD = 50mA 20 500mV/DIV 50µs/DIV 30 2.5V Line Transient Response VIN CNR = OPEN COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 30 2.5V Line Transient Response 2mV/DIV 40 10 CNR = OPEN CNR = 10µF 6658 G40 500mV/DIV COUT1 = 1µF 50 ILOAD = 0mA 2.5V VOUT1 Integrated Noise ILOAD = 150mA CNR = OPEN CNR =10µF 60 CNR = 0PEN CNR = 10µF 6658 G38 2.5V VOUT2 Integrated Noise ILOAD = 0mA 70 2.5V VOUT1 Integrated Noise ILOAD = 0mA 60 INTEGRATED NOISE (µVRMS) 200 70 COUT2 = 1µF 250 NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/√Hz) NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/√Hz) 250 2.5V VOUT2 Output Voltage Noise Spectrum ILOAD = 50mA INTEGRATED NOISE (µVRMS) 300 2.5V VOUT1 Output Voltage Noise Spectrum ILOAD = 150mA TA = 25°C, VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1_F + 2.5V = VIN = 5V to 5.5V ILOAD = 0mA 6658 G44 VIN VBYPASS VOUT1 VOUT2 CNR = 1µF COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF 50µs/DIV VIN = 5V to 5.5V ILOAD = 50mA 6658 G45 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 9 LT6658 Typical Performance Characteristics VOUT2_F + 2.5V, COUT1 = COUT2 = 1µF, ILOAD = 0mA, unless otherwise noted. VOUT1 Current Limit 450 VIN = 5V VIN = 7.5V VIN = 10V 350 140 CURRENT LIMIT (mA) CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 400 VOUT2 Current Limit 160 300 250 200 150 100 Current Limit vs Supply Voltage VIN = 5V VIN = 10V 0 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6658 G46 IOUT1 IOUT2 450 400 120 100 80 60 40 350 300 250 200 150 100 20 50 500 CURRENT LIMIT (mA) 500 TA = 25°C, VIN = VIN1 = VIN2 = VOUT1_F + 2.5V = 50 0 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6658 G47 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 35 40 6658 G48 6658f 10 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Pin Functions GND (Pins 1, 2, 6, Exposed Pad Pin 17): These pins are the main ground connections and should be connected into a star ground or ground plane. The exposed pad must be soldered to ground for good electrical contact and rated thermal performance. BYPASS (Pin 3): Bypass Pin. This requires a 1μF capacitor for bandgap stability. DNC (Pin 4, 16): Do Not Connect. Keep leakage current from these pins to a minimum. NR (Pin 5): Noise Reduction Pin. To band limit the noise of the reference, connect a capacitor between this pin and ground. See Applications Information section. VOUT2_S (Pin 7): VOUT2 Sense Pin. Connect this Kelvin sense pin at the load. VOUT2_F (Pin 8): VOUT2 Output Voltage. A 1μF to 50μF output capacitor is required for stable operation. This output can source up to 50mA. OD (Pin 9): Output Disable. This active low input disables both outputs. VIN2 (Pin 10): Input Voltage Supply for Channel 2. Bypass VIN2 with 0.1μF capacitor to ground. This pin supplies power to buffer amplifier 2. VIN1 (Pin 11): Input Voltage Supply for Channel 1. Bypass VIN1 with 0.1μF capacitor to ground. This pin supplies power to buffer amplifier 1. VOUT1_F (Pin 12): VOUT1 Output Voltage. A 1μF to 50μF output capacitor is required for stable operation. This output can source up to 150mA. VOUT1_S (Pin 13): VOUT1 Sense Pin. Connect this Kelvin sense pin at the load. VIN (Pin 14): Input Voltage Supply. Bypass VIN with 0.1μF capacitor to ground. NC (Pin 15): No Connect. 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 11 LT6658 Block Diagram 14 9 VIN OD VIN2 4 DNC VOUT2_F 16 DNC 15 NC 800Ω THERMAL SHUTDOWN VOUT2_S VIN1 1 2 6 17 GND 10 8 7 11 400Ω BANDGAP VOUT1_F GND 12 GND 800Ω GND 3 BYPASS 5 VOUT1_S 13 NR 6658 BD 6658f 12 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Applications Information The LT6658 combines the low noise and accuracy of a high performance reference and the high current drive of a regulator. The LT6658 is a high performance regulator providing two precise low noise outputs with Kelvin sense pins. The isolated outputs maintain their precision even when large voltage or current transients exist on the adjacent channel. The LT6658 architecture consists of a low drift bandgap reference followed by an optional noise reduction stage and two independent buffers. The bandgap reference and the buffers are trimmed for low drift and high accuracy. The high gain buffers ensure outstanding line and load regulation. The guidance that follows describes how to reduce noise, lower power consumption, generate different output voltages, and maintain low drift. Also included are notes on internal protection circuits, PCB layout, and expected performance. To minimize power consumption each supply pin can be operated with its minimum voltage. For example, if Buffer 1 has a 2.5V output, VIN1 can be operated at 5V. If Buffer 2’s output is run at 3V, run VIN2 at 5.5V. The power savings gained by minimizing each supply voltage can be considerable. Excessive ground current and parasitic resistance in ground lines can degrade load regulation. Unlike an LDO, the ground current of the LT6658 is designed such that ground current does not increase substantially when sourcing a large load current. All three ground pins and exposed pad should be connected together on the PCB, through a ground plane or through a separate trace terminating at a star ground. The supply pins can be powered up in any order without an adverse response. However, all three supplies pins need the minimum specified voltage for proper operation. INDICATES CURRENT FLOW 14 Supply Pins and Ground The LT6658 can operate with a supply voltage from VOUT + 2.5V, to 36V. To provide design flexibility, the LT6658 includes 3 supply pins. The VIN pin supplies power to the bandgap voltage reference. The VIN1 and VIN2 pins supply power to buffer amplifiers 1 and 2, respectively. Figure 1 illustrates how current flows independently through each of the output buffers. The simplest configuration is to connect all three supply pins together. To reduce power consumption or isolate the buffer amplifiers, separate the supply pins and drive them with independent supplies. Separate VIN,VIN1 and VIN2 supply pins isolate the bandgap reference and the two outputs VOUT1_F and VOUT2_F from each other. For example, a load current surge through VIN1 to VOUT1_F is isolated from VOUT2_F and the bandgap voltage reference. In Figure 2 a 140mA load current pulse on buffer 1 and the resulting output waveforms are shown. Despite the large current step on buffer 1, there is only a small transient at the output of buffer 2. When providing a stable voltage reference to quiet circuits like an ADC or DAC, it is important the two buffer outputs are isolated. 11 10 VIN1 VIN2 VIN + – LT6658-2.5 + – + – BANDGAP + – THERMAL SHUTDOWN + – GND 1,2 VOUT2_F VOUT1_F 8 12 LOAD2 LOAD1 GND GND 17 6 6658 F01 Figure 1. LT6658 Current Flow through the Supply Pins LOAD CURRENT 100mA/DIV 20mV/DIV 100µV/DIV VOUT1 VOUT2 COUT1 = 10µF COUT2 = 10µF 50µs/DIV 6658 F02 Figure 2. 10mA to 150mA Load Step on VOUT1 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 13 LT6658 Applications Information Input Bypass Capacitance Each input voltage pin requires a 0.1µF capacitor located as close to the supply pin as possible. A 10µF capacitor is recommended for each supply where the supply enters the board. When the supply pins are connected together, a single 0.1µF and single 10µF capacitor can be used. The BYPASS pin requires a 1µF capacitor for stability. Stability and Output Capacitance The LT6658 is designed to be stable for any output capacitance between 1µF and 50µF, under any load condition, specified input voltage, or specified temperature. Choosing a suitable capacitor is important in maintaining stability. Preferably a low ESR and ESL capacitor should be chosen. The value of the output capacitor will affect the settling response. Care should be exercised in choosing an output capacitor, as some capacitors tend to deviate from their specified value as operating conditions change. 1.2 X5R X7R CAPACITANCE (µF) 1.0 Film capacitors do not vary much over temperature and DC bias as much as X5R and X7R capacitors, but generally they are only rated to 105°C. Film capacitors are also physically larger. Effective series resistance (ESR) in the output capacitor can add a zero to the loop response of the output buffers creating an instability or excessive ringing. For the best results keep the ESR at or below 0.2Ω. One measure of stability is the closed loop response of the output buffer. By driving the NR pin, a closed loop response can be obtained. In Figure 4 the closed loop response of the output buffer with three different output capacitance values is shown. In the Figure 5 the same plot is repeated with a 150mA load. A large value electrolytic capacitor with a 1µF to 50µF ceramic capacitor in parallel can be used on the output pins. The buffers will be stable, and the bandwidth will be lower. 20 10 GAIN (dB) Although ceramic capacitors are small and inexpensive, they can vary considerably over the DC bias voltage. For example, the capacitance value of X5R and X7R capacitors will change significantly over their rated voltage range as shown in Figure 3. In this example the 1µF X5R capacitor loses almost 75% of its value at its rated voltage of 10V. X5R and X7R capacitors will also vary up to 20% or more over a temperature range of –55°C to 125°C. This change in capacitance will be combined with any DC bias voltage variation. COUT1 = 1µF 0 COUT1 = 50µF –10 0.8 COUT1 = 10µF 0.6 –20 0.01 0.4 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1k 6658 F04 0.2 0.0 0.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DC BIAS (V) 7 8 9 10 Figure 4. LT6658 Closed Loop Response of the Channel 1 Output Buffer for 3 Values of Output Capacitance and No Load 6658 F03 Figure 3. Capacitance Value of a 1µF X7R Over Its Full Rated Voltage 6658f 14 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Applications Information 20 11 15 12 GAIN (dB) 10 VIN 5V COUT1 = 1µF 5 0 14 9 VIN1 VOUT2_F VIN2 VOUT2_S OD 1µF LT6658-2.5 –10 VOUT1_F 3 COUT1 = 50µF BYPASS 1µF COUT1 = 10µF –15 7 VIN 0.1µF –5 10Ω 8 VOUT1_S GND 1, 2, 6, 17 IGEN 12 13 1µF 6658 F07 –20 0.01 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1k Figure 7. Load Current Response Time Test Circuit 6658 F05 Figure 5. LT6658 Closed Loop Response of the Channel 1 Output Buffer for 3 Values of Output Capacitance and 150mA Load The Channel 2 output buffer has a similar response. In Figure 8 and Figure 9, a 75mA and 140mA load step is applied to Channel 1, respectively. In Figure 10, a 40mA load step is applied to Channel 2. The settling time is determined by the size and edge rate of the load step, and the size of the output capacitor. Start-Up and Transient Response When the LT6658 is powered up, the bandgap reference charges the capacitor on the BYPASS pin. The output buffer follows the voltage on the BYPASS pin charging the output capacitor. Figure 6 shows the start-up response on the BYPASS and VOUT1_F pins for three different output capacitor values. The start-up response is limited by the current limit in the bandgap charging the BYPASS capacitor. The turn-on time is also restricted by the current limit in the output buffer and the size of the output capacitor. A larger output capacitor will take longer to charge. Adding a capacitor to the NR pin will also affect turn-on time. 5V/DIV VIN 20mV/DIV VOUT1 VOUT2 50µV/DIV CNR = 0.1µF COUT1 = 1µF COUT2 = 1µF COUT1 = 1µF 2V/DIV VOUT1 COUT1 = 10µF 6658 F08 Figure 8. LT6658-2.5 Output 1 Response to 75mA Load Step IOUT1 2V/DIV VOUT1 COUT1 = 50µF 20mV/DIV 100µs/DIV 10µs/DIV 10mA VOUT1 2V/DIV IOUT1 10mA 150mA VBYPASS 2V/DIV 85mA VOUT1 VOUT2 100µV/DIV 6658 F06 Figure 6. Start-Up Response on the BYPASS and VOUT1_F Pins The test circuit for the transient response test is shown in Figure 7. The transient response due to load current steps are shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10. CNR = 0.1µF COUT1 = 1µF COUT2 = 1µF 10µs/DIV 6658 F09 Figure 9. LT6658-2.5 Output 1 Response to 140mA Load Step 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 15 LT6658 Applications Information Referring to the 2.5V VOUT1_S Pin Input Current vs Temperature plot in the Typical Performance Characteristics section, the input sense current varies about 50nA between –40°C and 125°C. This 50nA variation may cause a 0.5mV voltage change across the 10kΩ feedback resistor affecting the output voltage. 50mA IOUT2 10mA 5mV/DIV 50µV/DIV VOUT2 VOUT1 CNR = 0.1µF COUT1 = 1µF COUT2 = 1µF 10µs/DIV 14 6658 F10 VIN Figure 10. LT6658-2.5 Output 2 Response to 40mA Load Step Each output can be configured with external resistors to gain up VOUT, enabling the output to be set from 2.5V to 6V. Unity gain is configured by tying the sense and force pins together. In Figure 11, Channel 2 is configured with a gain of 2 (see Typical Applications Section for more examples). This can be done to one or both of the channels. When configuring a gain >1 make sure that the associated supply pin is 2.5V higher than the VOUT_F pin. Also note that the absolute maximum voltage on the output pins (both force and sense) is 6V. Place the gain resistors close to the part keeping the traces short. Since this is part of the feedback path, the feedback resistor should be connected near the load, avoiding any resistive parasitic in the high current path. Another source of error is having some resistance in the feedback network to ground. If possible the resistor should be connected as close as possible to the chip ground. When using non-unity gain configurations, VOS drift errors are possible. There is an 800Ω resistor in the Kelvin sense line which is designed to cancel base current variation on the input of the buffer amplifier. Matching the impedances on the positive and negative inputs reduces base current error and minimizes VOS drift. A feedback network will have a small base current flowing through the feedback resistor possibly causing a small VOS drift. + – BANDGAP + – Output Voltage Scaling 11 10 VIN1 VIN2 LT6658-2.5 VOUT2_F VOUT2_S THERMAL SHUTDOWN + – VOUT1_F VOUT1_S GND 1,2 GND GND 17 6 8 10k 7 10k 12 13 1µF 1µF 6658 F11 Figure 11. The LT6658-2.5 with Output 2 Configured for a 5V Output Kelvin Sense Pins To ensure the LT6658 maintains good load regulation, the Kelvin sense pins should be connected close to the load to avoid any voltage drop in the copper trace on the force pin. It only takes 10mΩ of resistance to develop a 1.5mV drop with 150mA. This would cause an ideal 2.5V output voltage to exceed the 0.05% specification at the load. The circuit in Figure 12a illustrates how an incorrect Kelvin sense connection can lead to errors. The parasitic resistance of the copper trace will cause the output voltage to change as the load current changes. As a result, the voltage at the load will be lower than the voltage at the sense line. The circuit in Figure 12b shows the proper way to make a Kelvin connection with the sense line as close to the load as possible. The voltage at the load will now be well regulated. The VOUT1_S current is typically 135nA, and a low resistance in series with the Kelvin sense input is unlikely to cause a significant error or drift. 6658f 16 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Applications Information LT6658-2.5 + – Table 1. NR Capacitor Values and the Corresponding 3dB Frequency VPAR + – RPAR VOUT2_F 12 NR Capacitor (µF) NR 3dB Frequency (Hz) 0.1 3979 0.22 1809 0.47 847 ILOAD RLOAD VOUT2_S 13 a) LT6658-2.5 + – VPAR + VOUT2_F 12 – RPAR VOUT2_S 13 ILOAD 1 398 2.2 181 4.7 85 10 40 22 18 RLOAD 6658 F12 b) Figure 12. How to Make a Proper Kelvin Sense Connection Output Noise and Noise Reduction (NR) The LT6658 noise characteristic is similar to that of a high performance reference. The total noise is a combination of the bandgap noise and the noise of the buffer amplifier. The bandgap noise can be measured at the NR pin and is shown in Figure 13 with a 1μF capacitor, 10µF capacitor and no capacitor on the NR pin. The bandgap can be bandlimited by connecting a capacitor between the NR pin and ground. The RC product sets the low pass 3dB corner attenuating the out-of-band noise of the bandgap. An internal 400Ω ±15% resistor combines with the external capacitor to create a single-pole low pass filter. Table 1 lists capacitor values and the corresponding 3dB cutoff frequency. The primary trade-off for including an RC filter on the NR pin is a slower turn-on time. The effective resistance seen by the NR capacitor is 400Ω. The RC time constant (τ) for charging the NR capacitor is τ = R • C. To reach the initial accuracy specification for the LT6658, 0.05%, it will take 7.6τ of settling time. Example settling time constants are shown in Table 2. An example of the NR pin charging and the relationship to the output voltage is shown in Figure 14. The appropriate trade-off between settling time and noise limiting is specific to the demands of each unique application. Table 2. Settling Times for Different NR Capacitor Values Output Voltage (V) NR Pin Resistance (Ω) C (μF) 7.6τ (ms) 2.5 400 0.01 0.030 0.1 0.30 1 3.04 250 CNR = 0µF 5V/DIV NOISE (nV/√Hz) 200 1V/DIV 150 100 CNR = 1µF 1V/DIV 50 CNR = 10µF 0 0.01 0.1 VIN VNR VOUT1 CNR = 1µF COUT1 = 1µF 500µs/DIV 1 10 FREQUENCY (kHz) 100 1000 6658 F14 Figure 14. Start-up Response on the NR pin and VOUT_F 6658 F13 Figure 13. LT6658 Bandgap Output Voltage Noise 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 17 LT6658 Applications Information INTEGRATED NOISE (µVRMS) 5 4 COUT2 = 1µF COUT2 = 50µF COUT2 = 100µF 4 CNR = 22µF 3 2 1 0 0.01 COUT1 = 1µF COUT1 = 50µF COUT1 = 100µF 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 1000 10000 6658 F16 CNR = 22µF Figure 16. LT6658-2.5 VOUT2 Integrated Noise with CNR = 22µF and COUT2 = 1µF, 50µF and 100µF 3 The output voltage noise does not change appreciably as load current increases. 2 1 0 0.01 5 INTEGRATED NOISE (µVRMS) The LT6658’s two low noise buffer amplifiers measure 8nV/√Hz. The combined bandgap and buffer noise results for Buffer 1 and Buffer 2 are shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. Note that beyond the NR pin cutoff frequency, the noise is primarily due to the buffer amplifiers. As shown, the buffer can be bandlimited by increasing the size of the output capacitors. Figure 15 and Figure 16 show the total integrated noise of Buffer 1 and Buffer 2, respectively. 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 1000 10000 6658 F15 Figure 15. LT6658-2.5 Total Integrated Output Voltage Noise with CNR = 22µF and COUT1 = 1µF, 50µF and 100µF Output Capacitors The wide range of output capacitance capability and the NR pin capacitance allows the LT6658 noise density spectrum to be customized for specific applications. Table 3 lists the output noise for different conditions. The output and NR capacitances also affect the AC PSRR response as shown in Table 3. See the Typical Performance Characteristics section for more information. Table 3. Output Noise and Ripple Rejection Typical Values PARAMETER CONDITIONS TYP UNITS Output Noise Voltage (VOUT1 and VOUT2) Frequency = 10Hz, COUT = 1µF, CNR = 0F, ILOAD = Full Current* Frequency = 10Hz, COUT = 1µF, CNR = 10µF, ILOAD = Full Current* Frequency = 1kHz, COUT = 1µF, CNR = 0F, ILOAD = Full Current* Frequency = 1kHz, COUT = 1µF, CNR = 10F, ILOAD = Full Current* 176 164 157 9 nV/√Hz nV/√Hz nV/√Hz nV/√Hz Output RMS Noise 10Hz to 100kHz, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 0F 10Hz to 100kHz, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 10µF 10Hz to 100kHz, COUT1 = 50µF, CNR = 22µF 10Hz to 100kHz, COUT2 = 1µF, CNR = 0F 10Hz to 100kHz, COUT2 = 1µF, CNR = 10µF 10Hz to 100kHz, COUT2 = 50µF, CNR = 22µF 26.2 1.5 0.7 21.8 1.1 0.9 ppmRMS ppmRMS ppmRMS ppmRMS ppmRMS ppmRMS Power Supply Rejection (VIN1 = VOUT1 + 3V, VIN2 = VOUT2 + 3V) VRIPPLE = 500mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 120Hz, ILOAD1 = 150mA, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF VRIPPLE = 150mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 10kHz, ILOAD1 = 150mA, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF VRIPPLE = 150mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 100kHz, ILOAD1 = 150mA, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF VRIPPLE = 150mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 1MHz, ILOAD1 = 150mA, COUT1 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF VRIPPLE = 500mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 120Hz, ILOAD2 = 50mA, COUT2 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF VRIPPLE = 150mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 10kHz, ILOAD2 = 50mA, COUT2 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF VRIPPLE = 150mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 100kHz, ILOAD2 = 50mA, COUT2 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF VRIPPLE = 150mVP-P, fRIPPLE = 1MHz, ILOAD2 = 50mA, COUT2 = 1µF, CNR = 1µF 107 96 65 64 104 96 66 65 dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB * The full current for ILOAD is 150mA and 50mA for output 1 and output 2, respectively. 6658f 18 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Applications Information Power Supply Rejection The three supply pins provide flexibility depending on the demands of the application. The LT6658 provides excellent AC power supply rejection with all three supply pins connected together. Superior performance can be achieved when the supply pins are independently powered. For example, use a quiet supply for the VIN pin. This will isolate the bandgap circuit from the outputs. Further, each buffer can be supplied independently providing >140dB of isolation across some frequencies. Table 3 summarizes several conditions of power supply rejection. Output Disable The OD pin disables the output stage of both output buffers. This pin is useful for disabling the buffers when fault conditions exist. For example, if external circuitry senses that the load is too hot or there is a short circuit condition, asserting this pin will remove the output current. This active low pin will disable the output buffers when the voltage on the pin is less than 0.8V. When the input voltage is greater than 2V the LT6658 is enabled. The start-up time when the LT6658 enables is determined by the size of the output capacitor. Figure 17 is an example of the LT6658-2.5 being enabled and disabled. The OD pin has an internal pull-up current that will keep the output buffers enabled when the OD pin floats. In noisy environments, it is recommended that OD be tied high explicitly. 5V/DIV 1V/DIV 1V/DIV COUT1 = 1µF COUT2 = 1µF OD VOUT1 The output stage of each output buffer is disabled when the internal die temperature is greater than 165°C. There is 11°C of hysteresis allowing the part to return to normal operation once the die temperature drops below 154°C. In addition, a short circuit protection feature prevents the output from supplying an unlimited load current. A fault or short on either output force pin will cause the output stage to limit the current and the output voltage will drop accordingly to the output fault condition. For example, if a 1Ω fault to ground occurs on Channel 1, the circuit protection will limit both outputs. A load fault on either channel will affect the output of both channels. Power Dissipation To maintain reliable precise and accurate performance the LT6658 junction temperature should never exceed TJMAX = 150°C. If the part is operated at the absolute maximum input voltage and maximum output currents, the MSE package will need to dissipate over 7 watts of power. The LT6658 is packaged in an MSE package with an exposed pad. The thermal resistance junction to case, θJC, of the MSE package is 10°C/W. The thermal resistance junction to ambient, θJA, is determined by the amount of copper on the PCB that is soldered to the exposed pad. When following established layout guidelines the θJA can be as low as 35°C/W for the MSE package. As a simple example, if 2 watts is dissipated in the MSE package, the die temperature would rise 70°C above the ambient temperature. The following expression describes the rise in temperature (θJA • PTOTAL), and the increase of junction temperature over ambient temperature as TJ = TA + θJA • PTOTAL VOUT2 500µs/DIV 6658 F17 Figure 17. The Output Disable Function Internal Protection There are two internal protection circuits for monitoring output current and die temperature. where TJ is the junction temperature, TA is the ambient temperature, θJA is the thermal resistance junction to ambient, and PTOTAL is the total power dissipated in the LT6658. Further, if the package was initially at room temperature (25°C), the die would increase to 95°C. At 3 watts the die would exceed the specified H-grade temperature of 125°C. The derating curve for the MSE package is shown in Figure 18. Three different θJA curves are shown. θJA is dependent on the amount of copper soldered to the 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 19 LT6658 Applications Information exposed pad. Multiple layers of copper with multiple vias is recommended. MAX. POWER DISSIPATION (W) 3 output, use a 5V supply and maximum output current on each channel, the total power can be calculated as P1 = (5V – 2.5V) • 0.15A = 0.375W θJA = 35°C/W θJA = 60°C/W θJA = 85°C/W P2 = (5V – 2.5V) • 0.05A = 0.125W PSTATIC = 5V • 0.001A = 0.005W 2 PTOTAL = 0.375W + 0.125W + 0.005W = 0.505W which is an operating condition that can be tolerated above 100°C when proper heat sinking is used. 1 0 0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) 125 6658 F18 Figure 18. MSE Derating Curve The power dissipated by the LT6658 can be calculated as three components. There is the power dissipated in the two output devices (one for each channel) and the power dissipated within the remaining internal circuits. Calculate the power in the remaining circuits using the following expressions PSTATIC = VIN • ISTATIC where PSTATIC is the power dissipated in the LT6658 minus the output devices, VIN is the supply voltage, and ISTATIC is the current flowing through the LT6658. To calculate the power dissipated by the output devices use In Figure 19, the output current in both channels is increased linearly for three values of VIN where all three supply pins are connected together. As VIN and IOUT increases, the total power increases proportionally. When the supply voltage is 30V and the total output current is 200mA, the power exceeds 5W, representing a junction temperature increase of over 175°C using a best case scenario when using a MSE with a θJA = 35°C/W. Figure 20, illustrates how rapidly power increases when the supply voltage increases, especially with 200mA of total load current. If possible, reduce the voltage on VIN1 and VIN2, which in turn will reduce the power dissipated in the LT6658 package. The LT6658 is a high performance reference and extreme thermal cycling will cause thermal hysteresis and should be avoided if possible. See the Thermal Hysteresis section. 6 5 P2 = (VIN2 – VOUT2) • IOUT2 where P1 and P2 are the power dissipated in the Channel 1 and Channel 2 output devices, VIN1 and VIN2 are the supply voltages for each channel, and VOUT1 and VOUT2 are the output voltages. Finally, POWER (W) P1 = (VIN1 – VOUT1) • IOUT1 4 3 2 1 0 PTOTAL = P1 + P2 + PSTATIC where PTOTAL is the total power dissipated in the package. PSTATIC tends to be much smaller than P1 or P2. To lower the power in the output devices, the supply voltage for each of the output buffers can be reduced to only 2.5V above the output voltage. For example, with a 2.5V VIN = 5V VIN = 15V VIN = 30V 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) 6658 F19 Figure 19. Power Dissipation vs Output Current When the supply voltage, VIN1 or VIN2, is greater than 30V, a hard short from either output to ground can result in more than 3 to 6 watts of instantaneous power which can damage the output devices. 6658f 20 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Applications Information 7 There are three regions in the SOA plot. The top left region is the maximum rated current of the LT6658. The diagonal lines in the middle are where both the load current and supply voltage must be reduced as not to exceed TJMAX. The bottom right is the maximum voltage of the LT6658. 200mA NO LOAD 6 POWER (W) 5 4 It is important to realize the SOA limit is an absolute maximum rating at TJMAX. It is not recommended to operate at this limit for extended periods of time. 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 35 40 6658 F20 Figure 20. Power Dissipation vs Supply Voltage Safe Operating Area The safe operating area, or SOA, describes the operating region where the junction temperature does not exceed TJMAX. In Figure 21, the SOA for the LT6658 is plotted. In this plot, the output voltage is 2.5V and the output current is the combined current of both channels. The SOA is plotted for three values of θJA. This illustrates how a lower θJA value will remove more heat and allow more power to be dissipated through the package without damaging the part. LOAD CURRENT (mA) 1000 100 10 1 TA = 25°C θJA = 35°C/W θJA = 60°C/W θJA = 85°C/W 1 10 100 SUPPLY VOLTAGE – LOAD VOLTAGE (V) 6658 F21 Figure 21. SOA for the LT6658 PCB Layout The LT6658 is a high performance reference and therefore, requires good layout practices. Each supply pin should have 0.1µF capacitor placed close to the package. The output capacitors should also be close to the part to keep the equivalent series resistance to a minimum. As mentioned earlier, avoid parasitic resistance between the sense line and the load. Any error here will directly affect the output voltage. All three ground pins (1, 2, 6) , and exposed pad should be connected together, preferably in a star ground configuration or ground plane. The exposed pad, Pin 17, is electrically connected to the die and must be connected to ground. It is also necessary for good thermal conductivity to use plenty of copper and multiple vias. If the design requires the part to dissipate significant power, consider using 2oz copper and/or a multilayer board with a large area of copper connected to the exposed pad. Note that θJA is proportional to the amount of copper soldered to the exposed pad. Preferably the copper should be on the outermost layers of the board for good thermal dissipation. A sample layout is shown in Figure 22a. The sense lines, VOUT1_S and VOUT2_S should connect as close as possible to the top of the load. In Figure 22b, a star ground is shown where the LT6658 ground is directly connected to the bottom of the load. Connect all other grounds in the system to this same point. Minimize the resistance between GND side of the load and the LT6658 GND pins, especially for applications where the LT6658 is sinking current. This minimizes load regulation errors. 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 21 LT6658 Applications Information LONG TERM DRIFT (ppm) 200 150 100 50 0 –50 0 500 1000 1500 2000 TIME (HOURS) 2500 3000 6658 F23 Figure 23. LT6658 Long Term Drift (a) LT6658 Sample PCB Layout IR Reflow Shift 10, 11, 14 LT6658-2.5 VIN, VIN1, VIN2 + – 5V TO 36V VOUT2_F 12 VOUT2_S 13 RLOAD GND 1, 2, 6, 17 STAR-GROUND (b) Bring Out Ground to the Load and Make a Star Connection 6658 F22 Figure 22. As with many precision devices, the LT6658 will experience an output shift when soldered to a PCB. This shift is caused by uneven contraction and expansion of the plastic mold compound against the die and the copper pad underneath the die. Critical devices in the circuit will experience a change of physical force or pressure, which in turn changes its electrical characteristics, resulting in subtle changes in circuit behavior. Lead free solder reflow profiles reach over 250°C, which is considerably higher than lead based solder. A typical lead free IR reflow profile is shown in Figure 24. The experimental results simulating this shift are shown in Figure 25. In this experiment, LT6658 is run through an IR reflow oven once and three times. Long Term Drift Long term drift is a settling of the output voltage while the part is powered up. The output slowly drifts at levels of parts per million (ppm). The first 1000 hours of being powered up sees the most shift. By the end of 3000 hours, most parts have settled and will not shift appreciably. The plot in Figure 23 is representative of the LT6658 long term drift. TEMPERATURE (°C) 300 380s TP = 260°C TL = 217°C TS(MAX) = 200°C TS = 190°C 225 RAMP DOWN tP 30s T = 150°C 150 tL 130s RAMP TO 150°C 75 40s 120s 0 0 2 4 6 MINUTES 10 8 6658 F24 Figure 24. Lead Free Reflow Profile 6658f 22 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Applications Information 14 MSE–16 10 MAX AVG HOT CYCLE 12 25°C TO 125°C TO 25°C NUMBER OF UNITS NUMBER OF UNITS 12 14 1 CYCLE 3 CYCLES 8 6 4 2 10 MAX AVG COLD CYCLE 25°C TO –40°C TO 25°C 8 6 4 2 0 –300 –250 –200 –150 –100 –50 0 CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE (ppm) 0 –100 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE (ppm) 50 6658 F25 100 6658 F26a Figure 25. ∆VOUT1 Due to IR Reflow Shift (a) H-Grade Thermal Hysteresis 24 18 NUMBER OF UNITS Thermal hysteresis is caused by the same effect as IR reflow shift. However, in the case of thermal hysteresis, the temperature is cycled between its specified operating extremes to simulate how the part will behave as it experiences extreme temperature excursions and then returns to room temperature. For example, an H-grade part is repeatedly cycled between 125°C and –40°C. Each time the temperature passes through 25°C, the output voltage is recorded. The plots in Figure 26 illustrate the change in output voltage from the initial output voltage after a cold and hot excursion. 22 MAX AVG HOT CYCLE 25°C TO 85°C TO 25°C 20 16 14 MAX AVG COLD CYCLE 25°C TO –40°C TO 25°C 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 –100 –75 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 CHANGE IN OUTPUT VOLTAGE (ppm) 100 6658 F26b (b) I-Grade Figure 26. Thermal Hysteresis 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 23 LT6658 Typical Applications 200mA Reference 11 10 14 5.15V < VIN < 36V 9 VIN1 VOUT2_F VIN2 VOUT2_S 8 7 VIN OD LT6658-2.5 0.1µF 1µF 13 VOUT1_S BYPASS RLOAD 12 0.01Ω VOUT1_F 3 0.03Ω 2µF GND 1, 2, 6, 17 6658 TA02 Single Supply Precision Data Acquisition Circuit 11 10 14 6.6V 9 0.1µF 12 13.7k 13 4.096V 1k OD VOUT1_F 1k V+ 8 4 + LTC6362 1k VCM 3 1 VOUT1_S 5 V– 1k 0.41V IN+ 35.7Ω 6 7 1µF REF VDD 10µF LTC2378-20 IN 35.7Ω 3.69V BYPASS GND 1, 2, 6, 17 8 2.5V 6800pF 3300pF – 2 3.69V VOUT2_F VOUT2_S 47µF 1k 1k 3.28V 0V –3.28V VIN LT6658-2.5 21.5k VCM 10µF VIN1 VIN2 6800pF – REF/DGC 6658 TA03 0.41V 6658f 24 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Typical Applications LT6658 Driving the LTC2323-16 Dual ADC with Independent Voltage References 5V TO 36V REFINT 14 V 11 IN VIN1 12 VOUT1_F 13 VOUT1_S 0.1µF 2.5V REFOUT1 LTC2323-16 10µF REFRTN1 1µF LT6658-2.5 REFRTN2 7.5V TO 36V 10µF 10 8 VOUT2_F VOUT2_S 7 VIN2 0.1µF BYPASS 1µF GND 1, 2, 6, 17 5V 10k REFOUT2 GND 6658 TA04 1µF 10k LT6658 Driving Two Code Dependent DAC Reference Inputs. Separate DAC Reference Biasing Eliminates Code Dependent Reference Current Interaction 14 11 10 5V < VIN < 36V 0.1µF 12 13 VIN VIN1 LT6658-2.5 VIN2 VOUT1_F VOUT2_F VOUT1_S VOUT2_S 8 7 BYPASS 1µF VREF 5V 0.1µF RPAR* GND 1, 2, 6, 17 4.7µF 7 REF VDD VDD LTC2641-16 CS 3 SCLK 4 DIN 5 CLR 0.1µF 1 7 2 VREF 5V 2.5V RPAR* 2.5V 4.7µF 1 REF LTC2641-16 16-BIT DAC VOUT 6 GND 2 CS 3 SCLK 4 DIN 5 CLR 8 VOUT 6 16-BIT DAC GND 8 6658 TA05 *RPAR IS THE PARASITIC RESISTANCE OF THE BOARD TRACE AND SHOULD BE > 0.048Ω TO MAINTAIN GOOD INL 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 25 LT6658 Typical Applications Common Errors for Non-Unity Gain Applications Load Voltage Error Due to Parasitic Resistance LOAD VOLTAGE ERROR (mV) 100 7.5V TO 36V 14 V IN 10 V 11 V IN2 IN1 LT6658-2.5 + – 1µF BANDGAP 0.1µF 3 VOUT1_S BYPASS THERMAL SHUTDOWN 1µF 2 GND VOUT1_F 1 GND + – VOUT2_F VOUT2_S 17 GND 6 GND 10 1 0.1 -10 12 R1 10k 13 R2 ILOAD 10k 8 0.1Ω 0.05Ω 0.01Ω 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 LOAD CURRENT (mA) VERROR = ILOAD • RPAR RPAR VIDEAL = 5V 7 1µF 1µF RLOAD 6658 TA06 KELVIN SENSE ERROR: RPAR WILL CAUSE AN ERROR VERROR = ILOAD • RPAR. CONNECT THE TOP OF R1 DIRECTLY TO THE TOP OF RLOAD. RESISTOR TOLERANCE ERROR: GAIN NETWORK ERROR CAN BE REDUCED BY USING A MATCHED RESISTOR NETWORK SUCH AS THE LT5400. R1 AND R2 TOLERANCE (%) RPAR (Ω) ILOAD (mA) ± ERROR (mV) 1 0.05 0 35.4 1 0.05 150 42.9 0.1 0.05 0 3.5 0.1 0.05 150 11.0 0.1 0.02 150 6.5 0.1 0.01 150 5.0 R1 AND R2 TOLERANCE ERRORS ADDED ROOT-SUM-SQUARE 6658f 26 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Typical Applications Automotive Reference and Supply Voltage Application 14 11 10 12V BATTERY 9 VIN VOUT2_F VIN1 VOUT2_S 1µF LT6658-2.5 0.1µF VOUT1_F 1µF 3 7 VIN2 OD 2.5V 50mA REFERENCE VOLTAGE 8 VOUT1_S BYPASS 1µF GND 1, 2, 6, 17 12 13 10k 5V 150mA SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1µF 10k 6658 TA07 LT6658 Biasing Multiple Strain Gauges 10µF 0.1µF 1µF 1µF VCC 7.5V TO 36V 11 10 14 10µF VIN1 VOUT2_F VIN2 VOUT2_S 8 2.5V 1µF 7 VREF+ VIN+ VREF– VIN– 335Ω LTC2440 1µF 335Ω GND VIN VCC 335Ω LTC2440 VREF+ VIN+ VREF– VIN– 335Ω 335Ω GND 335Ω LT6658-2.5 9 3 1µF OD VOUT1_F BYPASS VOUT1_S 5V 12 13 GND GND (PAD) 1, 2, 6 17 10k 10µF 10k 1µF 0.1µF 1µF VCC 1µF + VIN+ – VIN– VREF VREF LTC2440 AND STRAIN GAUGE BIAS GND VCC 335Ω LTC2440 1µF 335Ω 335Ω 335Ω LTC2440 + VREF VIN+ VREF– VIN– GND 335Ω 335Ω 6658 TA08 6658f For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 27 LT6658 Typical Applications Recursive Reference Application (VOUT1 Supplies Power to VIN and VIN2) 7.5V TO 36V 1.5k 1W 140 1N4148 1N4148 14 10µF 11 VIN LT6658-2.5 10 VIN1 VIN2 VOUT2_F 400Ω BANDGAP 1µF VOUT2_S VOUT1_F VOUT1_S VOUT2 2.5V 8 7 POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB) 4.7V 1N5230 Recursive Reference Power Supply Rejection Ratio 10µF 10k 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.001 VOUT1 5V 12 120 0.01 0.1 1 FREQUENCY (kHz) 10 100 6658 TA09b 1µF 13 10k 3 BYPASS 5 1µF NR GND 1, 2, 6, 17 1µF 6658 TA09a Low Drift Regulator Application 5V TO 13.2V 11 VIN LT6658-2.5 VIN1 10 Precision Low Drift Application Drift = 1.5ppm/°C; –40°C to 125°C VIN2 8 400Ω BANDGAP 7 1µF 12 13 LTC6655-2.5 IN SHDN BYPASS 3 5 NR VOUT2_S VOUT1_F VOUT1_S 1µF VOUT1 2.5V 1µF OUTS 1µF 2.502 VOUT2 2.5V GND 1,2,6,17 OUTF GND VOUT2_F OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 14 2.501 2.500 2.499 2.498 –40 –20 1µF NR VOUT1 VOUT2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (°C) 6658 TA10b 6658 TA10a 6658f 28 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 LT6658 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LT6658#packaging for the most recent package drawings. MSE Package 16-Lead Plastic MSOP, Exposed Die Pad (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1667 Rev F) BOTTOM VIEW OF EXPOSED PAD OPTION 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 5.10 (.201) MIN 2.845 ±0.102 (.112 ±.004) 0.889 ±0.127 (.035 ±.005) 8 1 1.651 ±0.102 (.065 ±.004) 1.651 ±0.102 3.20 – 3.45 (.065 ±.004) (.126 – .136) 0.305 ±0.038 (.0120 ±.0015) TYP 16 0.50 (.0197) BSC 4.039 ±0.102 (.159 ±.004) (NOTE 3) RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 0.254 (.010) 0.35 REF 0.12 REF DETAIL “B” CORNER TAIL IS PART OF DETAIL “B” THE LEADFRAME FEATURE. FOR REFERENCE ONLY 9 NO MEASUREMENT PURPOSE 0.280 ±0.076 (.011 ±.003) REF 16151413121110 9 DETAIL “A” 0° – 6° TYP 3.00 ±0.102 (.118 ±.004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ±0.152 (.193 ±.006) GAUGE PLANE 0.53 ±0.152 (.021 ±.006) DETAIL “A” 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE 0.17 – 0.27 (.007 – .011) TYP 1234567 8 0.50 NOTE: (.0197) 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) BSC 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 6. EXPOSED PAD DIMENSION DOES INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH ON E-PAD SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.254mm (.010") PER SIDE. 0.86 (.034) REF 0.1016 ±0.0508 (.004 ±.002) MSOP (MSE16) 0213 REV F 6658f Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 29 LT6658 Typical Application 7.5V TO 36V 14 11 VIN VIN1 10 VIN2 LT6658-2.5 8 1µF 400Ω BANDGAP 7 12 VOUT2_F 4.096V 13.7k VOUT2_S VOUT1_F 5V 10k 13 BYPASS 3 5 1µF 10µF 1µF 464Ω 10k GND 1,2,6,17 1µF TO OTHER ANALOG CIRCUITS 1k 10µF NR VOUT1_S 21k 47µF (X7R, 1210 SIZE) 2.5V 1k 1k 3.28V 0V –3.28V 1k 35.7Ω – + 1k VOCM + 1k – S 35.7Ω LTC6362 6800pF IN+ 3300pF VDD LTC2379-18 IN– 6800pF REF REF/DGC GND LT5400-4 6658 TA11 Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LT1460 Micropower Series References 20mA Output Drive, 0.075% Accuracy, 10ppm/°C Drift LT1461 Precision Low Dropout Series References 50mA Output Drive, 0.04% Accuracy, 3ppm/°C Drift, 50µA Supply Current, 300mV Dropout LT6654 All Purpose, Rugged and Precise Series References ±10mA Output Drive, 0.05% Accuracy, 10ppm/°C Drift, 100mV Dropout, 1.6ppmP-P Noise (0.1Hz to 10Hz), –55°C to 125°C LTC6655 Precision Low Noise Series References ±5mA Output Drive, 0.025% Accuracy, 2ppm/°C Max, 0.25ppmP-P Noise (0.1Hz to 10Hz), –40°C to 125°C LT6660 Tiny Micropower Series References 20mA Output Drive, 0.2% Accuracy, 20ppm/°C Drift, 2mm × 2mm DFN Package LT1761 Low Noise Low Dropout Linear Regulator 100mA Output Drive, 300mV Dropout, VIN = 1.8V to 20V, 20µVRMS Noise (10Hz to 100kHz), ThinSOT™ package LT3042 Ultralow Noise, Ultrahigh PSRR Linear Regulator 200mA Output Drive, 350mV Dropout, VIN = 1.8V to 20V 0.8µVRMS Noise (10Hz to 100kHz), 79dB PSRR (1MHz) LT3050 Low Noise Linear Regulator with Current Limit and Diagnostic Functions 100mA Output Drive, 300mV Dropout, VIN = 2V to 45V, 30μVRMS Noise (10Hz to 100kHz), 50μA Supply Current, Adj. Output LT3060 Micropower, Low Noise, Low Dropout Linear Regulator 100mA Output Drive, 300mV Dropout, VIN =1.7V to 45V, 30μVRMS Noise (10Hz to 100kHz), 40μA Supply Current, Adj. Output LT3063 Micropower, Low Noise, Low Dropout Linear Regulator with Output Discharge 200mA Output Drive, 300mV Dropout, VIN =1.6V to 45V, 30μVRMS Noise (10Hz to 100kHz), 40μA Supply Current 6658f 30 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LT6658 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LT6658 LT 0816 • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2016