MUSIC MU9C4485A-12TCI Wideport lancamâ® family Datasheet

Preliminary Data Sheet
WidePort LANCAM® Family
APPLICATION BENEFITS
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Enhances Ethernet and Token-Ring LAN bridges
and switches:
Ø 64-bit width stores 48-bit MAC address plus
associated data (Port ID, time stamp,
“permanent” flag)
Ø 32-bit I/O supports multiple ports of fast
(100 Mb) Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet
Ø Station list depth flexibility with choice of
pin-compatible device densities and
glue-free cascading
Ø 3.3 Volt option for low power systems
Ø Industrial temperature grades for harsh
environments
DQ 3 1 – 0
(3 2 )
I/ O B U FF E R S
(3 2 )
D ATA (6 4 )
M UX
TRA N S L A TE
(8 02 .3 /8 0 2 .5 )
(3 2 )
Ø 4096 (4485A/L), 2048 (2485A/L), and 1024
(1485A/L) word CMOS content-addressable
memories (CAMs)
Ø 64-bit word width
Ø 32-bit I/O compatible with the MU9C1485
Ø Fast 50 ns compare speed
Ø Dual configuration register set for rapid
context switching
Ø Increased flexibility of MUSIC’s patented
CAM/RAM partitioning
Ø 80-pin TQFP package with the same pinout as
the MU9C1485 and MU9C1965A/L
Ø 5 volt (A) or 3.3 volt (L) operation
DE M U X
D ATA (6 4 )
(3 2 )
/CM
CO NT RO L
LO G I C
CO NT RO L
AND S T AT US
RE G IS T ER S
15/ 14
/EC
CAM A RR AY
3 2 K or 1 6 K
W O RD S
X 6 4 B ITS
/R E S E T
/M A
P R I OR I TY E N CO D E R
/E
M AS K R E G IS TE R 2
3 2 K o r 1 6 K X 2 V AL ID I TY B ITS
/W
C O M P AR A ND
M AS K R E G IS TE R 1
AD D R E S S D E C O D E R
C O MM AN D S
& S TA TU S
S O U R CE AN D
D E S TINA TIO N
S EG M ENT
C O U N TE R S
/M M
2
/ FF
17/ 16
F LA G
L O G IC
/ FI
/M F
/M I
Block Diagram
LANCAM, the MUSIC logo, and the phrase “MUSIC Semiconductors” are registered trademarks of MUSIC Semiconductors. MUSIC is
a trademark of MUSIC Semiconductors. Certain features of this device are patented under US Patent 5,383,146.
2 December 1998 Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The MU9C4485A/L, MU9C2485A/L, and MU9C1485A/L
WidePort LANCAMs are 64-bit wide content-addressable
memories (CAMs), featuring a 32-bit wide interface. This
interface doubles the available I/O bandwidth in many
applications while maintaining the same powerful enhanced
architecture and instruction set as the MU9C2480A/L.
result, a CAM searches large databases for matching data in a
short, constant time period, no matter how many entries are in
the database. The ability to search data words up to 64 bits
wide allows large address spaces to be searched rapidly and
efficiently. A patented architecture links each CAM entry to
associated data and makes this data available for use after a
successful compare operation.
Content-addressable memories, also known as associative
memories, operate in the converse way to random access
memories (RAM). In a RAM, the input to the device is an
address and the output is the data stored at that address. In a
CAM, the input is a data sample and the output is a flag to
indicate a match and the address of the matching data. As a
While the WidePort LANCAMs are optimized for LAN network
address filtering, they are also well suited for applications that
require high-speed data searching, such as virtual memories
and cache management, data compression and encryption,
database accelerators, and image processing.
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
a compare. Compares may also be initiated by a command to
the device. Associated RAM data is available immediately
after a successful compare operation. The Status register reports
the results of compares including all flags and addresses. Two
mask registers are available and can be used in two different
ways: to mask comparisons or to mask data writes. The random
access validity type allows additional masks to be stored in
the CAM array where they may be retrieved rapidly.
To use the WidePort LANCAM, the user loads the data into
the Comparand register, which is automatically compared to
all valid CAM locations. The device then indicates whether
or not one or more of the valid CAM locations contains data
that match the target data. The status of each CAM location
is determined by two validity bits at each memory location.
The two bits are encoded to render four validity conditions:
Valid, Skip, Empty, and Random Access, as shown in Table 1.
The memory can be partitioned into CAM and associated
RAM segments on 16-bit boundaries, but by using one of the
two available mask registers, the CAM/RAM partitioning can
be set at any arbitrary size between zero and 64 bits.
Rev. 2
/ FI
G ND
G ND
43
42
38
/ MI
64
37
/ MF
65
36
/ MM
66
35
G ND
V CC
V CC
TE S T2
67
34
G ND
68
69
33
/R ESET
32
V CC
NC
70
31
V CC
G ND
G ND
71
72
30
29
/E
/W
D Q 12
73
28
V CC
D Q 13
74
27
G ND
G ND
75
26
V CC
TE S T1
76
25
NC
D Q 14
D Q 15
77
78
24
23
D Q 31
D Q 30
D Q 16
79
22
G ND
NC
80
21
G ND
18
19
20
G ND
D Q 26
D Q 27
D Q 29
16
17
G ND
D Q 28
14
15
D Q 25
G ND
10
11
12
13
D Q 22
D Q 23
D Q 24
7
8
9
D Q 20
V CC
D Q 21
4
5
6
G ND
D Q 18
80-Pin
TQFP
8 0 -P IN TQ FP
(Top View)
V ie w )
(Top
Pinout Diagram
2
41
/C M
/ MA
45
44
V CC
V CC
/EC
48
47
46
D Q2
D Q1
D Q0
51
50
49
D Q4
D Q3
53
52
D Q6
D Q5
G ND
G ND
57
56
55
54
G ND
D Q8
D Q7
60
59
63
1
/CM
Cycle Type
LOW
Command Write Cycle
HIGH
Data Write Cycle
LOW
Command Read Cycle
HIGH
Data Read Cycle
Table 2: I/O Cycles
D Q9
D Q 10
D Q 11
NC
G ND
/W
LOW
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
/ FF
D Q 19
Table 1: Entry Types vs. Validity Bits
NC
39
2
Entry Type
Valid
Empty
Skip
RAM
40
62
3
Empty Bit
0
1
0
1
61
G ND
G ND
Skip Bit
0
0
1
1
G ND
D Q 17
The WidePort LANCAM’s internal data path is 64 bits wide
for rapid internal comparison and data movement. A data
translation facility converts between IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD
“Ethernet”) and 802.5 (Token Ring) address formats. Vertical
cascading of additional WidePort LANCAMs in a daisy chain
fashion extends the CAM memory depth for large databases.
Cascading requires no external logic. Loading data to the
Control, Comparand, and mask registers automatically triggers
58
A simple four-wire control interface and commands loaded
into the Instruction decoder control the device. A powerful
instruction set increases the control flexibility and minimizes
software overhead. Additionally, dedicated pins for match and
multiple-match flags enhance performance when the device is
controlled by a state machine. These and other features make
the WidePort LANCAM a powerful associative memory that
drastically reduces search delays.
WidePort LANCAM® Family
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
All signals are implemented in CMOS technology with TTL levels. Signal names that start with a slash (“/”) are active LOW. Inputs
should never be left floating. The CAM architecture draws large currents during compare operations, mandating the use of good layout
and bypassing techniques. Refer to the Electrical Characteristics section for more information.
/E (Chip Enable, Input, TTL)
The /E input enables the device while LOW. The falling
edge registers the control signals /W, /CM, /EC. The rising
edge locks the daisy chain, turns off the DQ pins, and clocks
the Destination and Source Segment counters. The four
cycle types enabled by /E are shown in Table 2.
of the device (/MF=/MI). /MF is HIGH if there is no match
or when the daisy chain is disabled (/E goes HIGH when
/EC was HIGH on the previous falling edge of /E). The
System Match flag is the /MF pin of the last device in
the daisy chain. /MF will be reset when the active
configuration register set is changed.
/W (Write Enable, Input, TTL)
The /W input selects the direction of data flow during a
device cycle. /W LOW selects a Write cycle and /W HIGH
selects a Read cycle.
/MI (Match Input, Input, TTL)
The /MI input prioritizes devices in vertically cascaded
systems. It is connected to the /MF output of the previous
device in the daisy chain. The /MI pin on the first device in
the chain must be tied HIGH.
/CM (Data/Command Select, Input, TTL)
The /CM input selects whether the input signals on
DQ31–0 are data or commands. /CM LOW selects Command
cycles and /CM HIGH selects Data cycles.
/MA (Device Match Flag, Output, TTL)
The /MA output is LOW when one or more valid matches
occur during the current or the last previous compare
cycle. The /MA output is not qualified by /EC or /MI,
and reflects the match flag from that specific device’s
Status register. /MA will be reset when the active register
set is changed.
/EC (Enable Daisy Chain, Input, TTL)
The /EC signal performs two functions. The /EC input
enables the /MF output to show the results of a comparison,
as shown in Figure 6. If /EC is LOW at the falling edge of /E
in a given cycle, the /MF output is enabled. Otherwise, the
/MF output is held HIGH. The /EC signal also enables the
/MF–/MI daisy chain, which serves to select the device
with the highest-priority match in a string of LANCAMs.
Tables 6a and 6b explain the effect of the /EC signal on a
device with or without a match in both Standard and
Enhanced modes. /EC must be HIGH during initialization.
/MM (Device Multiple Match Flag, Output, TTL)
The /MM output is LOW when more than one valid
match occurs during the current or the last previous
compare cycle. The /MM output is not qualified by /EC
or /MI, and reflects the multiple match flag from that
specific device’s Status register. /MM will be reset when
the active register set is changed.
/FF (Full Flag, Output, TTL)
If enabled in the Control register, the /FF output goes LOW
when no empty memory locations exist within the device
(and in the daisy chain above the device as indicated by
the /FI pin). The System Full flag is the /FF pin of the last
device in the daisy chain, and the Next Free address resides
in the device with /FI LOW and /FF HIGH. If disabled in the
Control register, the /FF output only depends on the /FI
input (/FF = /FI).
DQ31–0 (Data Bus, Three-state I/O, TTL)
The DQ31–0 lines convey data, commands, and status to
and from the WidePort LANCAM, as shown in Table 3. /W
and /CM control the direction and nature of the information
that flows to or from the device. When /E is HIGH, DQ31–0 go
to HIGH-Z.
/MF (Match Flag, Output, TTL)
The /MF output goes LOW when one or more valid
matches occur during a compare cycle. /MF becomes
valid after /E goes HIGH on the cycle that enables the
daisy chain (on the first cycle that /EC is registered LOW
by the previous falling edge of /E; see Figure 6). In a
daisy chain, valid match(es) in higher priority devices
are passed from the /MI input to /MF. If the daisy chain
is enabled but the match flag is disabled in the Control
register, the /MF output only depends on the /MI input
/FI (Full Input, Input, TTL)
The /FI input generates a CAM-Memory-System-Full
indication in vertically cascaded systems. It is connected
to the /FF output of the previous device in the daisy chain.
The /FI pin on the first device in a chain must be tied LOW.
3
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
PIN DESCRIPTIONS Continued
/RESET (Reset, Input, TTL)
/RESET must be driven LOW to place the device in a known
state before operation, which will reset the device to the
conditions shown in Table 5. The /RESET pin should be
driven by TTL levels, not directly by an RC timeout. /E
must be kept HIGH during /RESET.
VCC, GND (Positive Power Supply, Ground)
These pins are the power supply connections to the
WidePort LANCAM. VCC must meet the voltage supply
requirements in the Operating Conditions section relative
to the GND pins, which are at 0 Volts (system reference
potential), for correct operation of the device. All the
ground and power pins must be connected to their
respective planes with adequate bulk and high frequency
bypassing capacitors in close proximity to the device.
The MU9C2485A/L and MU9C1485A/L are compatible
with the original MU9C1485 connections, and may be
operated at -90 or slower switching characteristics
without the GND connections on pins 1, 2, 20, 21, 22, 41,
42, 60, 61, and 62.
TEST1, TEST2 (Test, Input, TTL)
These pins enable MUSIC production test modes that are
not usable in an application. They should be connected to
ground, either directly or through a pull-down resistor, or
they may be left unconnected. These pins may not be
implemented on all versions of these products.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The WidePort LANCAM is a content-addressable
memory (CAM) with 32-bit I/O for network address
filtering, virtual memory, data compression, caching, and
table lookup applications. The memory consists of static
CAM, organized in 64-bit data fields. Each data field can
be partitioned into a CAM and a RAM subfield on 16-bit
boundaries. The contents of the memory can be randomly
accessed or associatively accessed by the use of a
compare. During automatic comparison cycles, data in
the Comparand register is automatically compared with
the “Valid” entries in the memory array. The Device ID can be
read using a TCO PS instruction (see Table 13).
globally configurable into CAM and RAM segments on
16-bit boundaries, as described in US Patent 5,383,146
assigned to MUSIC Semiconductors. Seven different
CAM/RAM splits are possible, with the CAM width
going from one to four segments, and the remaining RAM
width going from three to zero segments. Finer resolution
on compare width is possible by invoking a mask register
during a compare, which does global masking on a bit
basis. The CAM subfield contains the associative data,
which enters into compares, while the RAM subfield
contains the associated data, which is not compared. In
LAN bridges, the RAM subfield can hold, for example,
port-address and aging information related to the
destination or source address information held in the
CAM subfield of a given location. In a translation
application, the CAM field can hold the dictionary
entries, while the RAM field holds the translations, with
almost instantaneous response.
The data inputs and outputs of the WidePort LANCAM
are multiplexed for data and instructions over a 32-bit
I/O bus. Internally, data is handled on a 64-bit basis,
since the Comparand register, the mask registers, and
each memory entry are 64 bits wide. Memory entries are
/W
LOW
/CM
LOW
Cycle Type
Command write
HIGH
LOW
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
Command read
TCO 2nd cycle
Data write
Data read
Notes:
“f” Bit
0
1
0
1
X
X
X
X
DQ31–16
Non-TCO Instruction
Non-TCO Instruction
TCO Instruction (Read register)*
TCO Instruction (Write register)
Status Register bits 31–16
Status Register bits 31–16†
Data to CR, MRX, Mem.
Data from CR, MRX, Mem.
DQ15–0
XXXX
Absolute Address
XXXX
Value to Register
Status Register bits 15–0
Register contents*
Data to CR, MRX, Mem.
Data from CR, MRX, Mem.
* A CW of a TCO Instruction with the “f” bit set to 0 sets up a Register read in the following cycle. The
following cycle must be a Command Read cycle, otherwise the register read will be cancelled.
† Upper 16 bits will be Status Register bits 31–16, except for a read of the Page Address register, in which
case they will be all zeros.
Table 3: DQ Bus Multiplexing
Rev. 2
4
WidePort LANCAM® Family
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Continued
auto-decrementing the Address register, and select
Standard (compatible with the MU9C1485) or Enhanced
mode. The active Segment Control register contains
separate counters to control the writing of 32-bit data
segments to the selected persistent destination, and to
control the reading of 32-bit data segments from the
selected persistent source.
Each entry has two validity bits (known as Skip bit and
Empty bit) associated with it to define its particular type:
empty, valid, skip, or RAM. When data is written to the
active Comparand register, and the active Segment
Control register reaches its terminal count, the contents
of the Comparand register are automatically compared
with the CAM portion of all the valid entries in the
memory array. For added versatility, the Comparand
register can be barrel-shifted right or left one bit at a
time. A Compare instruction can then be used to force
another compare between the Comparand register and
the CAM portion of memory entries of any one of the
four validity types. After a Read or Move from Memory
operation, the validity bits of the location read or moved
will be copied into the Status register, where they can be
read from the Status register using Command Read cycles.
There are two active mask registers at any one time,
which can be selected to mask comparisons or data
writes. Mask Register 1 has both a foreground and
background mode to support rapid context switching.
Mask Register 2 does not have this mode, but can be
shifted left or right one bit at a time. For masking
comparisons, data stored in the active selected mask
register determines which bits of the comparand are
compared against the valid contents of the memory. If a
bit is set HIGH in the mask register, the same bit position
in the Comparand register becomes a “don’t care” for
the purpose of the comparison with all the memory
locations. During a Data Write cycle or a MOV instruction,
data in the specified active mask register can also
determine which bits in the destination will be updated.
If a bit is HIGH in the mask register, the corresponding
bit of the destination is unchanged.
Data can be moved from one of the data registers (CR,
MR1, or MR2) to a memory location that is based on the
results of the last comparison (Highest-Priority Match
or Next Free), or to an absolute address, or to the location
pointed to by the active Address register. Data can also
be written directly to the memory from the DQ bus using
any of the above addressing modes. The Address
register may be directly loaded and may be set to
increment or decrement, allowing DMA-type reading or
writing from memory.
The match line associated with each memory address is
fed into a priority encoder where multiple responses are
resolved, and the address of the highest-priority
responder (the lowest numerical match address) is
generated. In the LAN bridge application, a multiple
response might indicate an error. In other applications
the existence of multiple responders may be valid.
Two sets of configuration registers (Control, Segment
Control, Address, Mask Register 1, and Persistent Source
and Destination) are provided to permit rapid context
switching between foreground and background
activities. Writes, reads, moves, and compares are
controlled by the currently active set of configuration
registers. The foreground set would typically be preloaded with values useful for comparing input data, often
called filtering, while the background set would be preloaded with values useful for housekeeping activities
such as purging old entries. Moving from the foreground
task of filtering to the background task of purging can
be done by issuing a single instruction to change the
current set of configuration registers. The match
condition of the device is reset whenever the active
register set is changed.
Four input control signals and commands loaded into an
instruction decoder control the WidePort LANCAM. Two
of the four input control signals determine the cycle type.
The control signals tell the device whether the data on the
I/O bus represents data or a command, and is input or output.
Commands are decoded by instruction logic and control
moves, forced compares, validity bit manipulations, and the
data path within the device. Registers (Control, Segment
Control, Address, Next Free Address, etc.) are accessed using
Temporary Command Override instructions. The data path
from the DQ bus to/from data resources (comparand, masks,
and memory) within the device are set until changed by Select
Persistent Source and Destination instructions.
The active Control register determines the operating
conditions within the device. Conditions set by this
register’s contents are reset, enable or disable Match
flag, enable or disable Full flag, default data translation,
CAM/RAM partitioning, disable or select masking
conditions, disable or select auto-incrementing or
After a Compare cycle (caused by either a data write to the
Comparand or mask registers, a write to the Control register,
or a forced compare), the Status register contains the
5
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Continued
A Page Address register in each device simplifies vertical
expansion in systems using more than one LANCAM. This
register is loaded with a specific device address during
system initialization, which then serves as the higher-order
address bits. A Device Select register allows the user to
target a specific device within a vertically cascaded system
by setting it equal to the Page Address Register value, or
to address all the devices in a string at the same time by
setting the Device Select value to FFFFH.
address of the Highest-Priority Matching location in that
device, concatenated with its page address, along with
flags indicating internal match, multiple match, and full.
When the Status register is read with a Command Read
cycle, the device with the Highest-priority match will
respond, outputting the System Match address to the DQ
bus. The internal Match (/MA) and Multiple match (/MM)
flags are also output on pins. Another set of flags (/MF
and /FF) that are qualified by the match and full flags of
previous devices in the system are also available directly
on output pins, and are independently daisy-chained to
provide System Match and Full flags in vertically cascaded
LANCAM arrays. In such arrays, if no match occurs during
a comparison, read access to the memory and all the
registers except the Next Free register is denied to prevent
device contention. In a daisy chain, all devices will respond
to Command and Data Write cycles, depending on the
conditions shown in Tables 6a and 6b, unless the operation
involves the Highest-Priority Match address or the Next
Free address; in which case, only the specific device
having the Highest-Priority match or the Next Free
address will respond.
Figure 1a shows expansion using a daisy chain. Note that
system flags are generated without the need for external
logic. The Page Address register allows each device in the
vertically cascaded chain to supply its own address in the
event of a match, eliminating the need for an external priority
encoder to calculate the complete Match address at the
expense of the ripple-through time to resolve the highestpriority match. The Full flag daisy-chaining allows
Associative writes using a Move to Next Free Address
instruction which does not need a supplied address.
Figure 1b shows an external PLD implementation of a simple
priority encoder that eliminates the daisy chain ripplethrough delays for systems requiring maximum performance
from many CAMS.
V cc
Vcc
32
D Q 31 -0
D Q 31 -0
/E
/E
/W
/W
/C M
/C M
/EC
/EC
/MI
W id e p o r t
L AN C AM
P LD
W ide P ort
LA N C A M
/ FF
/MA
/ MI
/MI
/E
/C M
/ FI
/ MF
D Q 31 -0
/W
/ MI
W id e p o r t
L AN C AM
/EC
/ FI
W ide P ort
LA N C A M
/ FF
/MA
/ MF
/MI
W ide P ort
LA N C A M
/MA
D Q 31 -0
/E
/W
/C M
/EC
W id e p o r t
L AN C AM
/ MI
/MI
/ FI
/ FF
/ MF
W ide P ort
LA N C A M
S YS TE M F U L L
/MA
S Y S TE M
M A TC H
S YS TE M MATC H
Figure 1a: Vertical Cascading
Rev. 2
Figure 1b: External Prioritizing
6
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Throughout the following, “aaaH” represents a threedigit hexadecimal number “aaa,” while “bbB”
represents a two-digit binary number “bb.” All memory
locations are written to or read from in 32-bit segments.
Segment 0 corresponds to the lowest order bits (bits
31–0) and Segment 1 corresponds to the highest order
bits (bits 63–32).
Address register read where 0s will be read on DQ31–16
instead), as shown in Table 3.
The data and control interfaces to the WidePort LANCAM
are synchronous. During a Write cycle, the Control and
Data inputs are registered by the falling edge of /E. When
writing to the persistently selected data destination, the
Destination Segment counter is clocked by the rising edge
of /E. During a Read cycle, the Control inputs are registered
by the falling edge of /E, and the Data outputs are enabled
while /E is LOW. When reading from the persistently
selected data source, the Source Segment counter is clocked
by the rising edge of /E.
THE CONTROL BUS
Refer to the Block Diagram for the following discussion.
The inputs Chip Enable (/E), Write Enable (/W), Command
Enable (/CM), and Enable Daisy Chain (/EC) are the primary
control mechanism for the WidePort LANCAM. The /EC
input of the Control bus enables the /MF Match flag output
when LOW and controls the daisy chain operation.
Instructions are the secondary control mechanism. Logical
combinations of the Control Bus inputs, coupled with the
execution of Select Persistent Source (SPS), Select Persistent
Destination (SPD), and Temporary Command Override
(TCO) instructions allow the I/O operations to and from the
DQ31–0 lines to the internal resources, as shown in Table 4.
THE REGISTER SET
The Control, Segment Control, Address, Mask Register 1,
and the Persistent Source and Destination registers are
duplicated, with one set termed the Foreground set, and
the other the Background set. The active set is chosen by
issuing Select Foreground Registers or Select Background
Registers instructions. By default, the Foreground set is
active after a reset. Having two alternate sets of registers
that determine the device configuration allows for a rapid
return to a foreground network filtering task from a
background housekeeping task.
The Comparand register is the default source and destination
for Data Read and Write cycles. This default state can be
overridden independently by executing a Select Persistent
Source or Select Persistent Destination instruction, selecting
a different source or destination for data. Subsequent Data
Read or Data Write cycles will access that source or destination
until another SPS or SPD instruction is executed. The currently
selected persistent source or destination can be read back
through a TCO PS or PD instruction. The sources and
destinations available for persistent access are those resources
on the 64-bit bus: Comparand register, Mask Register 1, Mask
Register 2, and the Memory array.
Writing a value to the Control register or writing data to the
last segment of the Comparand or either mask register will
cause an automatic comparison to occur between the
contents of the Comparand register and the words in the
CAM segments of the memory marked valid, masked by
MR1 or MR2 if selected in the Control register.
Instruction Decoder
The Instruction decoder is the write-only decode logic for
instructions and is the default destination for Command
Write cycles using the DQ31–16 lines. If the instruction
requires an absolute address or register value, the “f”
Address Field flag (bit 11) of the instruction is set to a “1,”
and the data on the DQ15–0 lines are written to the proper
register in that same cycle. If the instruction written is a
TCO, and the “f” bit is not set, the contents of the register
specified by the TCO may be read back by a successive
Command Read cycle to the DQ15–0 signal lines.
The default destination for Command Write cycles is the
Instruction decoder, while the default source for Command
Read cycles is the Status register. The entire 32-bit Status
register is read in a single cycle.
Temporary Command Override (TCO) instructions provide
access to the Control register, the Page Address register,
the Segment Control register, the Address register, the Next
Free Address register, and Device Select register. These
instructions are only active for one Command Write cycle
to write a value into a register, or one Command Write cycle
followed by a Command Read cycle to read a register’s
contents. Each of these 16-bit registers is read out on the
DQ15–0 pins, with the upper 16 bits of the Status register
output on the DQ31–16 pins (except in the case of a Page
If the Address Field flag is set in a memory access
instruction, the absolute address supplied on the DQ15–0
lines is loaded into the Address register, and the instruction
completes at the new address. If the Address Field flag is not
set, the memory access occurs at the address currently
7
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
Cycle Type /E
Cmd Write L
/CM /W
L
L
Cmd Read
L
L
H
Data Write
L
H
L
Data Read
L
H
H
H
X
X
I/O Status SPS SPD TCO Operation
Notes
IN
Load Instruction decoder
1
IN
2
ü Load Address register
2
IN
Load
Control
register
ü
2
IN
Load
Page
Address
register
ü
2
IN
Load
Segment
Control
register
ü
IN
2
ü Load Device Select register
IN
Deselected
9
OUT
3
ü Read Next Free Address register
3
OUT
ü Read Address register
4
OUT
Read Status Register bits 31–0
3
OUT
Read
Control
register
ü
OUT
Read
Page
Address
register
3
ü
OUT
Read
Segment
Control
register
3
ü
OUT
Read
Device
Select
register
3
ü
OUT
ü Read Current Persistent Source or Destination 3, 10
9
HIGH-Z
Deselected
5, 8
IN
Load Comparand register
ü
IN
Load Mask Register 1
6, 8
ü
IN
Load Mask Register 2
6, 8
ü
IN
Write Memory Array at address
6, 8
ü
6, 8
IN
Write Memory Array at Next Free address
ü
6, 8
IN
Write Memory Array at Highest-Priority match
ü
9
IN
Deselected
OUT
Read Comparand register
5, 8
ü
OUT
Read Mask Register 1
7, 8
ü
OUT
Read Mask Register 2
ü
7, 8
7, 8
OUT
Read Memory Array at address
ü
7, 8
OUT
Read Memory Array at Highest-Priority match
ü
HIGH-Z
Deselected
9
HIGH-Z
Deselected
Notes:
1. Default Command Write cycle destination (does not require a TCO instruction).
2. To load a value into a register using a TCO instruction takes one Command Write cycle with the “f” bit equal to 1, and
the value to be loaded into the selected register placed in DQ15–0.
3. Reading the contents of a register using a TCO instruction takes two cycles. The first cycle is a Command Write of a
TCO instruction with the “f” bit equal to 0. If the next cycle is a Command Read, the value stored in the selected register
will be read out on the DQ15–0 lines. Additionally, bits 31–16 of the Status register will be read out on the DQ31–16 lines,
except in the case of a Page Address read where 0s will be read on DQ31–16 instead.
4. Default Command Read cycle source (does not require a TCO instruction).
5. Default persistent source and destination after Reset. If other resources were sources or destinations, SPD CR or SPS
CR restores the Comparand register as the destination or source.
6. Selected by executing a Select Persistent Destination instruction.
7. Selected by executing a Select Persistent Source instruction.
8. Access is performed in one or two 32-bit Read or Write cycles. The Segment Control register is used to control the
selection of the desired 32-bit segement(s) by establishing the Segment counters’ limits and start values.
9. Device is deselected if Device Select register setting does not equal Page Address register setting, unless the Device
Select register is set to FFFFH which allows only write access to the device, except in the case of a match. (Writes to
the Device Select register are always active.) Device may also be deselected under locked daisy chain conditions as
shown in Tables 6a and 6b.
10. A Command Read cycle after a TCO PS or TCO PD reads back the Instruction decoder bits that were last set to select a
persistant source or destination. The TCO PS instruction will also read back the Device ID.
Table 4: Input/Output Operations
Rev. 2
8
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
CAM Status
Validity bits at all memory locations
Match and Full flag outputs
IEEE 802.3-802.5 Input Translation
CAM/RAM Partitioning
Comparison Masking
Address register auto-increment or -decrement
Source and Destination Segment counters count ranges
Address register and Next Free Address register
Page Address and Device Select registers
Control register after reset (including CT15)
Persistent Destination for Command writes
Persistent Source for Command reads
Persistent Source and Destination for Data reads and writes
Operating Mode
Configuration Register set
/RESET Condition
Skip = 0, Empty = 1 (empty)
Enabled
Not Translated
64 bits CAM, 0 bits RAM
Disabled
Disabled
0B to 1B; loaded with 0B
Contain all 0s
Contain all 0s (no change on Software reset)
Contains 0008H
Instruction decoder
Status register
Comparand register
Standard
Foreground
Table 5: Device Control State after Reset
contained in the Address register. After the execution of the
instruction, the Address register will increment, decrement, or
stay the same value depending on the setting of Control
Register bits CT3 and CT2.
Next Free address. Additionally, writes to the Page Address
register will be disabled. All other instructions operate
normally. Additionally, with the /FF disabled, /FF=/FI.
Normal operation of the device is with the /FF enabled. The
Full Flag Enable field has no effect on the /FL Status Register
bit. This bit always reflects the true state of the device.
Control Register (CT)
The Control register is composed of a number of switches
that configure the WidePort LANCAM, as shown in Table
9. It is written or read through DQ15–0 using a TCO CT
instruction on DQ31–16. On read cycles, DQ31–16 will be
the upper 16 bits of the Status register. If bit 15 of the value
written during a TCO CT is a 0, the device is reset (and all
other bits are ignored). See Table 5 for the Reset states. Bit
15 always reads back as a 0. A write to the Control register
causes an automatic compare to occur (except in the case
of a reset). Either the Foreground or Background Control
register will be active, depending on which register set has
been selected, and only the active Control register will be
written to or read from.
The IEEE Translation control at bits 10 and 9 can be used
to enable the translation hardware for writes to 64-bit
resources in the device. When translation is enabled, the
bits are reordered as shown in Figure 2.
Control Register bits 8–6 control the CAM/RAM
partitioning. The CAM portion of each word may be sized
from a full 64 bits down to 16 bits in 16-bit increments. The
RAM portion can be at either end of the 64-bit word.
Compare masks may be selected by bits 5 and 4. Mask
Register 1, Mask Register 2, or neither may be selected to
mask compare operations. The address register behavior is
controlled by bits 3 and 2, and may be set to increment,
decrement, or neither after a memory access. Bits 1 and 0
set the operating mode: Standard (compatible with the
MU9C1485) as shown in Table 6a, or Enhanced as shown
in Table 6b. The device will reset to the Standard mode and
follow the operating responses in Table 6a. When operating
If the Match flag is disabled through bits 14 and 13, the
internal match condition, /MA(int), used to determine a
daisy-chained device’s response is forced HIGH as shown
in Tables 6a and 6b, so that Case 6 is not possible,
effectively removing the device from the daisy chain. With
the Match flag disabled, /MF=/MI and operations directed
to Highest-priority Match locations are ignored. Normal
operation of the device is with the /MF enabled. The Match
Flag Enable field has no effect on the /MA or /MM output
pins or Status Register bits. These bits always reflect the
true state of the device.
If the Full Flag is disabled through bits 12 and 11, the
device behaves as if it were full and ignores instructions to
DQ 3 1
DQ 2 4
DQ 2 3
DQ 1 6
DQ 1 5
DQ 8
DQ 7
DQ 0
DQ 3 1
DQ 2 4
DQ 2 3
DQ 1 6
DQ 1 5
DQ 8
DQ 7
DQ 0
Figure 2: IEEE 802.3/802.5 Format Mapping
9
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
Device Select Register (DS)
The Device Select register is used to select a specific (target)
device using the TCO DS instruction in DQ31–16 and
setting the 16-bit DS value in DQ15–0 equal to the target’s
PA value. The DS register can be read through DQ15–0
with DQ31–16 returning the upper 16 bits of the Status
register. In a daisy chain, setting DS = FFFFH will select all
devices. However, in this case, the ability to read information
out of the device is restricted as shown in Tables 6a and 6b.
A software reset (using the Control register) does not affect
the Device Select register.
in Enhanced mode, it is not necessary to unlock the daisy
chain with a NOP instruction before command or data writes
after a non-matching compare, as required in Standard mode.
Segment Control Register (SC)
The Segment Control register, as shown in Table 10, is
accessed using a TCO SC instruction with the register contents
placed on DQ15–0. On read cycles, DQ31–16 will be the upper
16 bits of the Status register, and D15, D10, D5, and D2 always
read back as 0s. Reserved locations D14, D12, D9, D7, D4, and
D1 should always be set to 0 and as such will also read back as
0s. Either the Foreground or Background Segment Control
register will be active, depending on which register set has
been selected, and only the active Segment Control register
will be written to or read from.
Address Register (AR)
The Address register points to the CAM memory location
to be operated upon when a M@[AR] or M@aaaH is part
of the instruction. It can be loaded directly by using a TCO
AR instruction or indirectly by using an instruction requiring
an absolute address, such as MOV aaaH, CR,V. The AR
register can be read through DQ15–0 with DQ31–16
returning the upper 16 bits of the Status register. After
being loaded, the Address register value will then be used
for the next memory access referencing the Address register.
A reset sets the Address register to zero.
The Segment Control register contains dual independent
incrementing counters with limits, one for data reads and
one for data writes. These counters control which 32-bit
segment of the 64-bit internal resource is accessed during
a particular data cycle on the 32-bit data bus. The actual
destination for data writes and source for data reads (called
the persistent destination and source) are set independently
with SPD and SPS instructions, respectively.
Control Register bits CT3 and CT2 set the address to
automatically increment or decrement (or not change)
during sequences of Command or Data cycles. The Address
register will change after executing an introduction that
includes M@[AR] or M@aaaH, or after a data access to
the end limit segment (as set in the Segment Control
register) when the persistent source or destination is
M@[AR] or M@aaaH.
Each of the two counters consists of a start limit, an end
limit, and the current segment pointer, each a single bit
representing either the lower segment (0) or the upper
segment (1). The current segment pointer can be set to
either 0 or 1 even if that value is outside the range set by
the start and end segments. The counters count up from
the current segment pointer to the end limit and then roll
over back to the start limit.
Either the Foreground or Background Address register will
be active, depending on which register set has been
selected, and only the active Address register will be written
to or read from.
If a sequence of data writes or reads is interrupted, the
Segment Control register can be reset to its initial start limit
values with the RSC instruction. After a reset, both Source
and Destination counters are set to count from Segment 0
to Segment 1 with an initial value of 0.
Next Free Address Register (NF)
The WidePort LANCAM automatically stores the address
of the first empty memory location in the Next Free Address
register, which is then used as a memory address pointer
for M@NF operations. The Next Free Address register,
shown in Table 11, can be read through DQ15–0 using a TCO
NF instruction. DQ31–16 will return the upper 16 bits of the
Status register. By taking /EC LOW during the TCO NF
instruction cycle, only the device with /FI LOW and /FF
HIGH will output the contents of its Next Free Address
register, which gives the Next Free address in a system of
daisy-chained devices. The Next Free address may be read
from a specific device in the chain by setting the Device
Page Address Register (PA)
The Page Address register is loaded using a TCO PA
instruction on DQ31–16 with a user selected 16-bit value
(not FFFFH) on DQ15–0. During reads of the PA register,
DQ31–16 will all be 0. The entry in the PA register is used to
give a unique address to the different devices in a daisy
chain. In a daisy chain, the PA value of each device is
loaded using the SFF instruction to advance to the next
device, as shown in the “Setting Page Address Register
Values” section. A software reset (using the Control
register) does not affect the Page Address register.
Rev. 2
10
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
Case
Internal
/EC(int)
Internal
/MA (int)
External
/MI
Device Select
Reg.
1
1
X
X
DS=FFFFH
Command Data Write
Write1
YES3
YES4
3
4
Command
Read
Data Read
NO
NO
2
1
X
X
DS=PA
YES
YES
YES
YES
3
1
X
X
DS≠FFFFH and
NO
NO
NO
NO
DS≠PA
4
0
X
0
X
NO
NO
NO5
NO
5
0
1
1
X
NO
NO
NO5
NO
6
2
0
0
1
3
X
YES
4
YES
5
YES
YES
Command
Read
Data Read
Table 6a: Standard Mode Device Select Response
Command Data Write
Write1
Case
Internal
/EC(int)
Internal
/MA (int)
External
/MI
Device Select
Reg.
1
1
X
X
DS = FFFFH
YES3
YES4
NO
NO
2
1
X
X
DS = PA
YES3
YES4
YES
YES
3
1
X
X
DS ≠ FFFFH
and DS ≠ PA
NO
NO
NO
NO
4
0
0
0
X
YES3,6
YES4,7
NO5
NO
X
3,6
4,7
NO5
NO
5
6
2
0
0
1
0
X
1
X
YES
3
YES
YES
4
YES
5
YES
YES
Table 6b: Enhanced Mode Device Select Response
NOTES:
1. Exceptions are:
A) A write to the Device Select register is always active in all devices;
B) A write to the Page Address register is active in the device with /FI LOW and /FF HIGH; and
C) The Set Full Flag (SFF) instruction is active in the device with /FI LOW and /FF HIGH.
2. If /MF is disabled in the Control register, /MA (Internal) is forced HIGH preventing a Case 6 response.
3. This is NO for a MOV instruction involving Memory at Next Free address if /FI is HIGH or the device is full.
4. This is NO if the Persistent Destination is Memory at Next Free address and /FI is HIGH or the device is full.
5. For a Command Read following a TCO NF instruction, this is YES if the device contains the first empty location in a daisy chain
(for example, /FI LOW and /FF HIGH) and NO if it does not.
6. This is NO for a MOV or VBC instruction involving Memory at Highest-Priority match.
7. This is NO if the Persistent Destination is Memory at Highest-Priority match.
The Full Flag daisy chain causes only the device whose /FI
input is LOW and /FF output HIGH to respond to an
instruction using the Next Free address. After a reset, the
Next Free Address register is set to zero.
empty memory locations. Bits 28 and 27 are the Skip and Empty
Validity bits, which reflect the validity of the last memory
location read. After a reset, the Skip and Empty bits will read
11 until a read or move from memory has occurred. The rest of
the Status register contains the Page address of the device
and the address of the Highest-Priority match. After a reset or
a no-match condition, the match address bits will be all 1s.
Status Register
The 32-bit Status register, shown in Table 12, is the default
source for Command Read cycles. Bit 31 is the internal Match
flag, which will go LOW if a match was found in this particular
device. Bit 30 is the internal Multiple Match flag, which will go
LOW if a Multiple match was detected. Bit 29 is the internal
Full flag, which will go LOW if the particular device has no
Comparand Register (CR)
The 64-bit Comparand register is the default destination
for data writes and reads, using the Segment Control register
to select which of the two 32-bit segments of the Comparand
register is to be loaded or read out. The persistent source
and destination for data writes and reads can be changed
to the mask registers or memory by SPS and SPD
Select register to the value of the desired device’s Page
address and leaving /EC HIGH.
11
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
THE MEMORY ARRAY
instructions. During an automatic or forced compare, the
Comparand register is simultaneously compared against
the CAM portion of all memory locations with the correct
validity condition. Automatic compares always compare
against valid memory locations, while forced compares,
using CMP instructions, can compare against memory
locations tagged with any specific validity condition.
Memory Organization
The Memory array is organized into 64-bit words with each
word having an additional two validity bits (Skip and
Empty). By default, all words are configured to be 64 CAM
cells. However, bits 8–6 of the Control register can divide
each word into a CAM field and a RAM field. The RAM
field can be assigned to the least-significant or mostsignificant portion of each entry. The CAM/RAM
partitioning is allowed on 16-bit boundaries, permitting
selection of the configurations shown in Table 9, bits 8–6
(e.g., “001” sets the 48 MSBs to CAM and the 16 LSBs to
RAM). Memory Array bits designated as RAM can be used
to store and retrieve data associated with the CAM content
at the same memory location.
The Comparand register may be shifted one bit at a time to
the right or left by issuing a Shift Right or Shift Left
instruction, with the right and left limits for the wrap-around
determined by the CAM/RAM partitioning set in the Control
register. During shift rights, bits shifted off the LSB of the
CAM partition will reappear at the MSB of the CAM
partition. Likewise, bits shifted off the MSB of the CAM
partition will reappear at the LSB during shift lefts.
Mask Registers (MR1, MR2)
The Mask registers can be used in two different ways, either
to mask compares or to mask data writes and moves. Either
mask register can be selected in the Control register to
mask every compare, or selected by instructions to
participate in data writes or moves to and from Memory. If
a bit in the selected mask register is set to a 0, the
corresponding bit in the Comparand register will enter into
a masked compare operation. If a Mask bit is a 1, the
corresponding bit in the Comparand register will not enter
into a masked compare operation. Bits set to 0 in the mask
register cause corresponding bits in the destination register
or memory location to be updated when masking data writes
or moves, while a bit set to 1 will prevent that bit in the
destination from being changed.
Memory Access
There are two general ways to get data into and out of the
memory array: directly or by moving the data through the
Comparand or mask registers.
The first way, through direct reads or writes, is set up by
issuing a Set Persistent Destination (SPD) or Set Persistent
Source (SPS) command. The addresses for the direct access
can be directly supplied, supplied from the Address register,
supplied from the Next Free Address register, or supplied
as the Highest-Priority Match address. Additionally, all the
direct writes can be masked by either mask register.
The second way is to move data via the Comparand or
mask registers. This is accomplished by issuing Data Move
commands (MOV). Moves using the Comparand register
can also be masked by either of the mask registers.
Either the Foreground or Background MR1 can be set
active, but after a reset, the Foreground MR1 is active
by default. MR2 incorporates a sliding mask, where the
data can be replicated one bit at a time to the right or left
with no wrap-around by issuing a Shift Right or Shift
Left instruction. The right and left limits are determined
by the CAM/RAM partitioning set in the Control register.
For a Shift Right the upper limit bit is replicated to the
next lower bit, while for a Shift Left the lower limit bit is
replicated to the next higher bit.
I/O CYCLES
The WidePort LANCAM supports four basic I/O cycles: Data
Read, Data Write, Command Read, and Command Write. The
type of cycle is determined by the states of the /W and /CM
control inputs. These signals are registered at the beginning
of a cycle by the falling edge of /E. Table 3 shows how the /W
and /CM lines select the cycle type and how the data bus is
utilized for each.
During Read cycles, the DQ31–0 outputs are enabled after
/E goes LOW. During Write cycles, the data or command
to be written is captured from DQ31–0 at the beginning of
the cycle by the falling edge of /E. Figures 3 and 4 show
Read and Write cycles respectively. Figure 5 shows typical
cycle-to-cycle timing with the Match flag valid at the end
Rev. 2
12
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
/E
/W
/CM
/E C
DQ 1 5– 0
DATA O UT
Figure 3: Read Cycle
/E
/W
/CM
DQ 1 5 – 0
Figure 4: Write Cycle
COM P AR AN D W RIT E
C YC L E
S TA TU S R EAD
C YC L E
ASS OC IAT E D D ATA
R EA D C YCL E
/E
/CM
/W
DQ3 1 – 0
DA TA
DA TA
DA TA
/EC
/M F
M AT CH FLA G V A LI D
/M A, /M M
/M F FL A GS U P D A TE D
Figure 5: Cycle to Cycle Timing Example
of the Comparand Write cycle, assuming /EC is LOW at the
start of this cycle. Data writes and reads to the comparand,
mask registers or memory occur in one or two 32-bit cycles,
depending on the settings in the Segment Control register.
The Compare operation automatically occurs during Data
writes to the Comparand or mask registers when the
destination segment counter reaches the end count set in
the Segment Control register. If there was a match, the
second cycle reads status or associated data, depending
on the state of /CM. For cascaded devices, /EC needs to be
LOW at the start of the cycle prior to any cycle that requires
a locked daisy chain, such as a Status register or associated
data read after a match. If there is no match in Standard
mode, the output buffers stay HIGH-Z, and the daisy chain
must be unlocked by taking /EC HIGH during a NOP or
other non-functioning cycle, as indicated in Table 6a.
Figure 6 shows how the internal /EC timing holds the daisy
chain locking effect over into the next cycle. In the Enhanced
mode, this NOP is not needed before data or command
writes following a non-matching compare, as indicated by
Table 6b. A single-chip system does not require daisychained match flag operation, hence /EC could be tied HIGH
and the /MA pin or flag in the Status register used instead
of /MF, allowing access to the device regardless of the
match condition.
The minimum timings for the /E control signal are given in
the Switching Characteristics section. Note that at minimum
timings the /E signal is non-symmetrical, and that different
cycle types have different timing requirements, as given in
Table 8.
13
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
To operate the daisy chain, the Device Select registers are
set to FFFFH to enable all devices to execute Command
Write and Data Write cycles. In normal operation, read
cycles are enabled from the device with the highest-priority
match by locking the daisy chain (see “Locked Daisy Chain”
section). An individual device in the chain may be targeted
for a read or write operation by temporarily setting the
Device Select registers to the page address of the target
device. Setting the Device Select registers back to FFFFH
restores the operation of the entire daisy chain.
/E
/EC
/EC (INT )
/MF
Match Flag Cascading
The Match Flag daisy chain cascading is used for three
purposes: first, to allow operations on Highest-priority
Match addresses to be issued globally over the whole
string; second, to provide a system wide match flag;
third, to lock out all devices except the one with the
Highest-Priority match for instructions such as Status
reads after a match. The Match flag logic causes only
the highest-priority device to operate on its Highest-priority
Match location while devices with lower-priority matches
ignore Highest-priority Match operations. The lock-out feature
is enabled by the match flag cascading and the use of the /EC
control signal, as shown in Tables 6a and 6b.
Figure 6: /EC(Int) Timing Diagram
COMPARE OPERATIONS
During a Compare operation, the data in the Comparand
register is compared to all locations in the Memory array
simultaneously. Any mask register used during compares must
be selected beforehand in the Control register. There are two
ways compares are initiated: Automatic and Forced compares.
Automatic compares perform a compare of the contents of the
Comparand register against Memory locations that are tagged
as “Valid,” and occur whenever the following happens:
Ø The Destination Segment counter in the Segment
Ø
The ripple delay of the flags when connected in a daisy
chain may require the extension of the /E HIGH time until
the logic in all devices has settled out. In a string of “n”
devices, the /E HIGH time should be greater than:
Control register reaches its end limit during writes to
the Comparand or mask registers.
After a command write of a TCO CT is executed (except
for a software reset), so that a compare is executed
with the new settings of the Control register.
tEHMFV + (n-2)· tMIVMFV
Forced compares are initiated by CMP instructions
using one of the four validity conditions, V, R, S, and E. The
forced compare against “Empty” locations automatically
masks all 64 bits of data to find all locations with the validity
bits set to “Empty”, while the other forced compares are
only masked as selected in the Control register.
If the last device’s Match flag is required by external
logic or a state machine before the start of the next CAM
cycle, one additional tMIVMFV should be added to the
/E HIGH time along any required setup time and delays
for the external logic.
VERTICAL CASCADING
Locked Daisy Chain
In a locked daisy chain, the highest-priority device is the
one with /MI HIGH and /MF LOW. In Standard mode, only
this device will respond to command and data reads and
writes, until the daisy chain has been unlocked by taking
/EC HIGH. This allows reading the associated data field
from only the Highest-Priority Match location anywhere in
a string of devices, or the Match address from the Status
register of the device with the match. It also permits
updating the entry stored at the Highest-Priority Match
location. In Enhanced mode, devices are enabled to respond
to some command and data writes, as noted in Tables 6a
and 6b, but not command and data reads.
WidePort LANCAMs can be vertically cascaded to
increase system depth. Through the use of flag daisychaining, multiple devices will respond as an integrated
system. The flag daisy chain allows all commands to be
issued globally, with a response only in the device
containing the Highest-Priority Matching or Next Free
location. When connected in a daisy chain, the last device’s
Full flag and Match flag accurately report the condition for
the whole string. A system in which WidePort LANCAMs
are vertically cascaded using daisy-chaining of the flags is
shown in Figure 1a.
Rev. 2
14
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
which occur only in the device with the highest match; and
data writes or move instructions involving NF, which occur
only in the device with /FI LOW and /FF HIGH. Enhanced
mode speeds up system performance by eliminating the need
to unlock the daisy chain before Command or Data Write
cycles.
Table 6a (Standard mode) and Table 6b (Enhanced mode) show
when a device will respond to reads or writes and when it will
not, based on the state of /EC(int), the internal match condition,
and other control inputs. /EC is latched by the falling edge of
/E. /EC(int) is registered from the latched /EC signal off the
rising edge of /E, so it controls what happens in the next cycle,
as shown in Figure 6. When /EC is first taken LOW in a string
of LANCAM devices (and assuming the Device Select
registers are set to FFFFH), all devices will respond to that
command write or data write.
Full Flag Cascading
The Full Flag daisy chain cascading is used for three
purposes: first, to allow instructions that address Next Free
locations to operate globally; second, to provide a system
wide Full flag; third, to allow the loading of the Page
Address registers during initialization using the SFF
instruction. The full flag logic causes only the device
containing the first empty location to respond to Next Free
instructions such as “MOV NF,CR,V”, which will move the
contents of the Comparand register to the first empty
location in a string of devices and set that location Valid,
so it will be available for the next automatic compare. With
devices connected as in Figure 1a, the /FF output of the
last device in a string provides a full indication for the
entire string.
From then on the daisy chain will remain locked in each
subsequent cycle as long as /EC is held LOW on the falling
edge of /E in the current cycle. When the daisy chain is locked
in Standard mode, only the Highest-Priority Match device will
respond (See Case 6 of Table 6a). If, for example, all of the
CAM memory locations were empty, there would be no match,
and /MF would stay HIGH. Since none of the devices could
then be the Highest-Priority Match device, none will respond
to reads or writes until the daisy chain is unlocked by taking
/EC HIGH and asserting /E for a cycle.
If there is a match between the data in the Comparand
register and one or more locations in memory, then only the
Highest-Priority Match device will respond to any cycle,
such as an associated data or Status Register read. If there
is not a match, then a NOP with /EC HIGH needs to be
inserted before issuing any new instructions, such as Write
to Next Free Address instruction to learn the data. Since
Next Free operations are controlled by the /FI–/FF daisy
chain, only the device with the first empty location will
respond. If an instruction is used to unlock the daisy chain
it will work only on the Highest-Priority Match device, if
one exists. If none exists, the instruction will have no effect
except to unlock the daisy chain. To read the Status
registers of specific devices when there is no match requires
the use of the TCO DS command to set DS=PA of each
device. Single chip systems can tie /EC HIGH and read the
Status register or the /MA and /MM pins to monitor match
conditions, as the daisy chain lock-out feature is not needed
in this configuration. This removes the need to insert a
NOP in the case of a no-match.
IEEE 802.3/802.5 Format Mapping
To support the symmetrical mapping between the address
formats of IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.5, the WidePort
LANCAM provides a bit translation facility. Formally
expressed, the nth input bit, D(n), maps to the xth output
bit, Q(x), through the following expressions:
D(n) = Q(7-n) for 0 ≤ n ≤ 7,
D(n) = Q(23-n) for 8 ≤ n ≤ 15
D(n) = Q(39-n) for 16 ≤ n ≤ 23
D(n) = Q(55-n) for 24 ≤ n ≤ 31
Control Register bits CT10 and CT9 select whether to
persistently translate, or persistently not to translate, the
data written onto the 64-bit internal bus. The default
condition after a Reset command is not to translate the
incoming data. Figure 2 shows the bit mapping between
the two formats.
INITIALIZING THE WIDEPORT LANCAM
Initialization of the WidePort LANCAM is required to
configure the various registers on the device. Since a
Control register reset establishes the operating conditions
shown in Table 5, restoration of operating conditions better
suited for the application may be required after a reset,
whether using the Control Register reset, or the /RESET
pin. When the device powers up, the memory and registers
are in an unknown state, so the /RESET pin must be asserted
to place the device in a known state.
When the Control register is set to Enhanced mode, you
can continue to write data to the Comparand register or
issue a Move to Next Free Address instruction without
first having to issue a NOP with /EC HIGH to unlock the
daisy chain after a Compare cycle with no match, as
indicated in cases 4 and 5 of Table 6b. In Enhanced mode,
data write cycles as well as command write cycles are
enabled in all devices even when /EC is LOW. Exceptions
are data writes, moves, or VBC instructions involving HM,
15
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
Setting Page Address Register Values
In a vertically cascaded system, the user must set the
individual Page Address registers to unique values by
using the Page Address initialization mechanism. Each Page
Address register must contain a unique value to prevent
bus contention. This process allows individual device
selection. The Page Address register initialization works
as follows: Writes to Page Address registers are only active
for devices with /FI LOW and /FF HIGH. At initialization,
all devices are empty, thus the top device in the string will
respond to a TCO PA instruction, and load its PA register.
To advance to the next device in the string, a Set Full Flag
(SFF) instruction is used, which is also only active for the
device with /FI LOW and /FF HIGH. The SFF instruction
changes the first device’s /FF to LOW, although the device
really is empty, which allows the next device in the string to
respond to the TCO PA instruction and load its PA register.
The initialization proceeds through the chain in a similar
manner filling all the PA registers in turn. Each device must
have a unique Page Address value stored in its PA register,
or contention will result. After all the PA registers are filled,
the entire string is reset through the Control register, which
does not change the values stored in the individual PA
registers. After the reset, the Device Select registers are
usually set to FFFFH to enable operation, in Case 1 of Table
6a. The Control registers and the Segment Control
registers are then set to their normal operating values
for the application.
Cycle Type
Command Write
Command Write
Command Write
Command Write
Command Write
Command Write
Command Write
Op-Code
TCO DS
TCO CT
TCO PA
SFF
•
•
TCO CT
TCO CT
TCO SC
Command Write SPS M@HM
Data Bus
Vertically Cascaded System Initialization
Table 7 shows an example of code that initializes a daisychained string of WidePort LANCAM devices. The
initialization example shows how to set the Page Address
registers of each of the devices in the chain through the
use of the Set Full Flag instruction, and how the Control
registers and Segment counters of all the WidePort
LANCAM devices are set for a typical application. Each
Page Address register must contain a unique value (not
FFFFH) to prevent bus contention.
For typical daisy chain operation, data is loaded into the
Comparand registers of all the devices in a string
simultaneously by setting DS=FFFFH. Since reading is
prohibited when DS=FFFFH except for the device with a
match, for a diagnostic operation you need to select a
specific device by setting DS=PA for the desired device
to be able to read from it. Refer to Tables 6a and 6b for
preconditions for reading and writing.
Initialization for a single WidePort LANCAM is similar.
The Device Select register in this case is usually set to
equal the Page Address register for normal operations.
Also, the dedicated /MA flag output can be used instead
of /MF, allowing /EC to be tied HIGH.
Comments
DQ31–16
0A28H
0A00H
0A08H
0700H
DQ15–0
FFFFH
0000H
nnnnH
X
Target Device Select register and disable local device selection
Target Control register and reset
Target Page Address register and set page for cascaded operation
0A00H
0A00H
0A10H
0000H
8080H
2808H
Target Control register and reset Full flags, but not Page address
Target Control register and give initial values
Target Segment counter and set destination to only use upper
segment and source to only use lower segment
0005H
X
Set Full flag; allows access to next device (repeat previous cycle
plus this one for each device in chain)
Set Persistent source to Memory at the Highest-Priority match
Notes
1
2
2
3
4
Notes:
1. Toggling the /RESET pin generates the same effect as this reset of the Control register, but good programming practice dictates
a software reset for initialization to account for all possible prior conditions.
2. This instruction may be omitted for a single WidePort LANCAM application. The last SFF will cause the /FF pin in the last chip in
a daisy chain to go LOW. In a daisy chain, DS needs to be set equal to PA to read out a particular chip prior to a match condition.
3. Typical WidePort LANCAM control environment: Enable match flag; Enable full flag; 32 CAM bits/32 RAM bits; Disable comparison
masking; and Enable address increment. This example translates to 8080H. See Table 9 for Control Register bit
assignments.
4. Setting the persistent source to the Memory at Highest-Priority match allows a compare operation to be followed by a read of the
associated data when a match is found. Note that the persistent destination is set to the Comparand register by the reset.
Table 7: Example Initialization Routine
Rev. 2
16
WidePort LANCAM® Family
INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONS§
Instruction: Select Persistent Source (SPS)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 f000 0000 0sss*
f
Address Field flag†
sss
Selected source
This instruction selects a persistent source for data reads,
until another SPS instruction changes it or a reset occurs.
The default source after reset for Data Read cycles is the
Comparand register. Setting the persistent source to
M@aaaH loads the Address register with “aaaH,” and the
first access to that persistent source will be at aaaH, after
which the AR value increments or decrements as set in the
Control register. The SPS M@[AR] instruction does the
same except the current Address Register value is used.
Address register read where these bits are 0s. After the
access, subsequent Command Read or Write cycles revert
to reading the Status register and writing to the Instruction
decoder. All registers except the Status, NF, PS, and PD are
available for write access. All registers are available for
read access. The complete Status register is only available
through a non-TCO Command Read access. Reading the
PS register also outputs the Device ID on bits 15–4, as
shown in Table 13.
Instruction: Data Move (MOV)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 f011 mmdd dsss or
0000 f011 mmdd dvss*
f
Address Field flag†
mm
Mask Register select
ddd
Destination of data
sss
Source of data
v
Validity setting if destination is a
Memory location
The MOV instruction performs a 64-bit move of the data in
the selected source to the selected destination. If the source
or destination is aaaH, the Address register is set to “aaaH.”
For MOV instructions to or from aaaH or [AR], the Address
register will increment or decrement from that value after
the move completes, as set in the Control register. Data
transfers between the Memory array and the Comparand
register may be masked by either Mask Register 1 or Mask
Register 2, in which case, only those bits in the destination
which correspond to bits in the selected mask register set
to 0 will be changed. A Memory location used as a
destination for a MOV instruction may be set to Valid or
left unchanged. If the source and destination are the same
register, no net change occurs (a NOP).
Instruction: Select Persistent Destination (SPD)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 f001 mmdd dvvv*
f
Address Field flag†
mm
Mask Register select
ddd
Selected destination
vvv
Validity setting for Memory Location
destinations
This instruction selects a persistent destination for data
writes, which remains until another SPD instruction changes
it or a reset occurs. The default destination for Data Write
cycles is the Comparand register after a reset. When the
destination is the Comparand register or the memory array,
the data written may be masked by either Mask Register 1
or Mask Register 2, so that only destination bits
corresponding to bits in the mask register set to 0 will be
modified. An automatic compare will occur after writing the
last segment of the Comparand or mask registers, but not
after writing to memory. Setting the persistent destination
to M@aaaH loads the Address register with “aaaH,” and
the first access to that persistent destination will be at aaaH,
after which the AR value increments or decrements as set
in the Control register. The SPD M@[AR] instruction does
the same except the current Address Register value is used.
Instruction: Validity Bit Control (VBC)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 f100 00dd dvvv*
f
Address Field flag†
ddd
Destination of data
vvv
Validity setting for Memory location
The VBC instruction sets the Validity bits at the selected
memory locations to the selected state. This feature can be
used to find all valid entries by using a repetitive sequence
of CMP V through a mask of all 1s followed by a VBC HM,
S. If the VBC target is aaaH, the Address register is set to
“aaaH.” For VBC instructions to or from aaaH or [AR], the
Address register will increment or decrement from that value
after the operation completes, as set in the Control register.
Instruction: Temporary Command Override
(TCO)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 f010 00dd d000*
f
Address Field flag†
ddd
Register selected as source or
destination for only the next
Command Read or Write cycle
The TCO instruction temporarily redirects the DQ bus for
register access. If f=1, a register write will be performed
with the data on DQ15–0. If f=0, a subsequent Command
Read cycle reads the register contents through DQ15–0.
During register reads, DQ31–16 will contain the upper 16bits of the Status register, except in the case of a Page
17
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTIONS Continued
Instruction: Compare (CMP)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 0101 0000 0vvv*
vvv
Validity condition
A CMP V, S, or R instruction forces a Comparison of Valid,
Skipped, or Random entries against the Comparand register
through a mask register, if one is selected. During a CMP E
instruction, the compare is only done on the Validity bits
and all data bits are automatically masked.
Instruction: Set Full Flag (SFF)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 0111 0000 0000*
The SFF instruction is a special instruction used to force
the Full flag LOW to permit setting the Page Address
register in vertically cascaded systems.
Instruction: No Operation (NOP)
Binary Op-Code: 0000 0011 0000 0000
The NOP (No-OP) belongs to the MOV instructions, where
a register is moved to itself. No change occurs within the
device. This instruction is useful in unlocking the daisy
chain in Standard mode.
Instruction: Special Instructions
Binary Op-Code: 0000 0110 00dd drrr*
ddd
Target resource
rrr
Operation
These instructions are a special set for the A/L WidePort
LANCAMs to accommodate the added features over the
MU9C1485. Two alternate sets of configuration registers
can be selected by using the Select Foreground and Select
Background Registers instructions. These registers are the
Control, Segment Control, Address, Mask Register 1, and
the PS and PD registers. An RSC instruction resets the
Segment Control register count values for both the
Destination and Source counters to the original Start limits.
The Shift instructions shift the designated register one bit
right or left. The right and left limits for shifting are
determined by the CAM/RAM partitioning set in the Control
register. The Comparand register is a barrel-shifter, and for
the example of a device set to 64 bits of CAM executing a
Shift Comparand Right instruction, bit 0 is moved to bit 63,
bit 1 is moved to bit 0, and bit 63 is moved to bit 62. For a
Shift Comparand Left instruction, bit 63 is moved to bit 0,
bit 0 is moved to bit 1, and bit 62 is moved to bit 63. MR2
acts as a sliding mask, where for a Shift Right instruction
bit 1 is moved to bit 0, while bit 0 “falls off the end,” and bit
63 is replicated to bit 62. For a Shift Mask Left instruction,
bit 0 is replicated to bit 1, bit 62 is moved to bit 63, and bit 63
"falls off the end.” With shorter width CAM fields, the
bit limits on the right or left move to match the width of
CAM field.
Rev. 2
Notes:
§ Instruction cycle lengths given in Table 8.
* Instruction Op-Codes are loaded on the DQ31–16 lines.
† If f=1, the instruction requires an absolute address
(or register contents for TCOs) to be supplied onthe
DQ15–0 lines. Supplied addresses will update the
Address register to the “aaaH” value supplied. After
an operation involving M@[AR] or M@aaaH, the
Address register will be incremented or decremented
depending on the setting in the Control register.
18
WidePort LANCAM® Family
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
Instruction: Select Persistent Destination Cont.
Operation
Mnemonic
Op-Code
MNEMONIC FORMAT
INS dst,src[msk],val
INS: Instruction mnemonic
dst: Destination of the data
src: Source of the data
msk: Mask register used
val: Validity condition set at the location written
Instruction: Select Persistent Source
Operation
Mnemonic
Comparand Register
Mask Register 1
Mask Register 2
Memory Array at Addr. Reg.
Memory Array at Address
Mem. at Highest-Prio. Match
Op-Code
SPS CR
SPS MR1
SPS MR2
SPS M@[AR]
SPS M@aaaH
SPS M@HM
0000H
0001H
0002H
0004H
0804H
0005H
Instruction: Select Persistent Destination
Operation
Mnemonic
Op-Code
Comparand Register
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD CR
SPD CR[MR1]
SPD CR[MR2]
0100H
0140H
0180H
Mask Register 1
MaskRegister 2
Mem. at Addr. Reg. set Valid
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD MR1
SPD MR2
SPD M@[AR],V
SPD M@[AR][MR1],V
SPD M@[AR][MR2],V
0108H
0110H
0124H
0164H
01A4H
Mem. at Addr. Reg. set Empty
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD M@[AR],E
SPD M@[AR][MR1],E
SPD M@[AR][MR2],E
0125H
0165H
01A5H
Mem. at Addr. Reg. set Skip
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD M@[AR],S
SPD M@[AR][MR1],S
SPD M@[AR][MR2],S
0126H
0166H
01A6H
Mem. at Addr. Reg. set Random SPD M@[AR],R
Masked by MR1
SPD M@[AR][MR1],R
Masked by MR2
SPD M@[AR][MR2],R
0127H
0167H
01A7H
Memory at Address set Valid
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD M@aaaH,V
SPD M@aaaH[MR1],V
SPD M@aaaH[MR2],V
0924H
0964H
09A4H
Memory at Addr. set Empty
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD M@aaaH,E
SPD M@aaaH[MR1],E
SPD M@aaaH[MR2],E
0925H
0965H
09A5H
Memory at Address set Skip
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD M@aaaH,S
SPD M@aaaH[MR1],S
SPD M@aaaH[MR2],S
0926H
0966H
09A6H
Mem. at Address set Random
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD M@aaaH,R
SPD M@aaaH[MR1],R
SPD M@aaaH[MR2],R
0927H
0967H
09A7H
Mem. at Highest-Prio. Match, Valid SPD M@HM,V
Masked by MR1
SPD M@HM[MR1],V
Masked by MR2
SPD M@HM[MR2],V
Mem. at Highest-Prio. Match, Emp. SPD M@HM,E
Masked by MR1
SPD M@HM[MR1],E
Masked by MR2
SPD M@HM[MR2],E
012DH
016DH
01ADH
Mem. at Highest-Prio. Match, Skip SPD M@HM,S
Masked by MR1
SPD M@HM[MR1],S
Masked by MR2
SPD M@HM[MR2],S
012EH
016EH
01AEH
Mem. at High.-Prio. Match, Random SPD M@HM,R
Masked by MR1
SPD M@HM[MR1],R
Masked by MR2
SPD M@HM[MR2],R
012FH
016FH
01AFH
Mem. at Next Free Addr., Valid SPD M@NF,V
Masked by MR1
SPD M@NF[MR1],V
Masked by MR2
SPD M@NF[MR2],V
0134H
0174H
01B4H
Mem. at Next Free Addr., Empty SPD M@NF,E
Masked by MR1
SPD M@NF[MR1],E
Masked by MR2
SPD M@NF[MR2],E
0135H
0175H
01B5H
Mem. at Next Free Addr., Skip
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
SPD M@NF,S
SPD M@NF[MR1],S
SPD M@NF[MR2],S
0136H
0176H
01B6H
Mem. at Next Free Addr., Random SPD M@NF,R
Masked by MR1
SPD M@NF[MR1],R
Masked by MR2
SPD M@NF[MR2],R
0137H
0177H
01B7H
Instruction: Temporary Command Override
Operation
Mnemonic
Op-Code
Control Register
Page Address Register
Segment Control Register
Read Next Free Address
Address Register
Device Select Register
Read Persistent Source
Read Persistent Destination
TCO CT
TCO PA
TCO SC
TCO NF
TCO AR
TCO DS
TCO PS
TCO PD
0n00H*
0n08H*
0n10H *
0218H
0n20H *
0n28H *
0230H
0238H
*Note: n = 2 for register read access
n = A for register write access
Instruction: Data Move
Operation
Mnemonic
Comparand Register from:
No Operation
Mask Register 1
Mask Register 2
Memory at Address Reg.
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
NOP
MOV CR,MR1
MOV CR,MR2
MOV CR,[AR]
MOV CR,[AR][MR1]
MOV CR,[AR][MR2]
0300H
0301H
0302H
0304H
0344H
0384H
MOV CR,aaaH
MOV CR,aaaH[MR1]
MOV CR,aaaH[MR2]
0B04H
0B44H
0B84H
Memory at Address
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
Mem. at Highest-Prio. Match MOV CR,HM
Masked by MR1
MOV CR,HM[MR1]
Masked by MR2
MOV CR,HM[MR2]
012CH
016CH
01ACH
19
Op-Code
0305H
0345H
0385H
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY Continued
Instruction: Data Move Continued
Operation
Mnemonic
Op-Code
Mask Register 1 from:
Comparand Register
No Operation
Mask Register 2
Memory at Address Reg.
Memory at Address
Mem. at Highest-Prio. Match
MOV MR1,CR
NOP
MOV MR1,MR2
MOV MR1,[AR]
MOV MR1,aaaH
MOV MR1,HM
0308H
0309H
030AH
030CH
0B0CH
030DH
Mask Register 2 from:
Comparand Register
Mask Register 1
No Operation
Memory at Address Reg.
Memory at Address
Mem. at Highest-Prio. Match
MOV MR2,CR
MOV MR2,MR1
NOP
MOV MR2,[AR]
MOV MR2,aaaH
MOV MR2,HM
0310H
0311H
0312H
0314H
0B14H
0315H
Memory at Address Register, No Change to Validity bits, from:
Comparand Register
MOV [AR],CR
0320H
Masked by MR1
MOV [AR],CR[MR1]
0360H
Masked by MR2
MOV [AR],CR[MR2]
03A0H
Mask Register 1
MOV [AR],MR1
0321H
Mask Register 2
MOV [AR],MR2
0322H
Memory at Address Register, Location set Valid, from:
Comparand Register
MOV [AR],CR,V
Masked by MR1
MOV [AR],CR[MR1],V
Masked by MR2
MOV [AR],CR[MR2],V
Mask Register 1
MOV [AR],MR1,V
Mask Register 2
MOV [AR],MR2,V
0324H
0364H
03A4H
0325H
0326H
Memory at Address, No Change to Validity bits, from:
Comparand Register
MOV aaaH,CR
Masked by MR1
MOV aaaH,CR[MR1]
Masked by MR2
MOV aaaH,CR[MR2]
Mask Register 1
MOV aaaH,MR1
Mask Register 2
MOV aaaH,MR2
0B20H
0B60H
0BA0H
0B21H
0B22H
Memory at Address, Location set Valid, from:
Comparand Register
MOV aaaH,CR,V
Masked by MR1
MOV aaaH,CR[MR1],V
Masked by MR2
MOV aaaH,CR[MR2],V
Mask Register 1
MOV aaaH,MR1,V
Mask Register 2
MOV aaaH,MR2,V
0B24H
0B64H
0BA4H
0B25H
0B26H
Memory at Highest-Priority Match, No Change to Validity
from:
Comparand Register
MOV HM,CR
Masked by MR1
MOV HM,CR[MR1]
Masked by MR2
MOV HM,CR[MR2]
Mask Register 1
MOV HM,MR1
Mask Register 2
MOV HM,MR2
bits,
0328H
0368H
03A8H
0329H
032AH
Memory at Highest-Priority Match, Location set Valid, from:
Comparand Register
MOV HM,CR,V
032CH
Masked by MR1
MOV HM,CR[MR1],V
036CH
Masked by MR2
MOV HM,CR[MR2],V
03ACH
Mask Register 1
MOV HM,MR1,V
032DH
Mask Register 2
MOV HM,MR2,V
032EH
Memory at Next Free Address,
Comparand Register
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
Mask Register 1
Mask Register 2
No Change to Validity bits, from:
MOV NF,CR
0330H
MOV NF,CR[MR1]
0370H
MOV NF,CR[MR2]
03B0H
MOV NF,MR1
0331H
MOV NF,MR2
0332H
Memory at Next Free Address,
Comparand Register
Masked by MR1
Masked by MR2
Mask Register 1
Mask Register 2
Location set Valid, from:
MOV NF,CR,V
MOV NF,CR[MR1],V
MOV NF,CR[MR2],V
MOV NF,MR1,V
MOV NF,MR2,V
Instruction: Validity Bit Control
Operation
Mnemonic
Op-Code
Set Validity bits at Address Register
Set Valid
VBC [AR],V
Set Empty
VBC [AR],E
Set Skip
VBC [AR],S
Set Random Access
VBC [AR],R
0424H
0425H
0426H
0427H
Set Validity bits at Address
Set Valid
Set Empty
Set Skip
Set Random Access
0C24H
0C25H
0C26H
0C27H
VBC aaaH,V
VBC aaaH,E
VBC aaaH,S
VBC aaaH,R
Set Validity bits at Highest-Priority Match
Set Valid
VBC HM,V
Set Empty
VBC HM,E
Set Skip
VBC HM,S
Set Random Access
VBC HM,R
042CH
042DH
042EH
042FH
Set Validity bits at All Matching
Set Valid
Set Empty
Set Skip
Set Random Access
Locations
VBC ALM,V
VBC ALM,E
VBC ALM,S
VBC ALM,R
043CH
043DH
043EH
043FH
Instruction: Compare
Operation
Mnemonic
Compare Valid Locations
Compare Empty Locations
Compare Skipped Locations
Comp. Random Access Locations
CMP V
CMP E
CMP S
CMP R
Instruction: Special Instructions
Operation
Mnemonic
Shift Comparand Right
Shift Comparand Left
Shift Mask Register 2 Right
Shift Mask Register 2 Left
Select Foreground Registers
Select Background Registers
Reset Seg. Cont. Reg. to Initial Val.
SFT CR, R
SFT CR, L
SFT M2, R
SFT M2, L
SFR
SBR
RSC
Instruction: Miscellaneous Instructions
Operation
Mnemonic
No Operation
Set Full Flag
Rev. 2
0334H
0374H
03B4H
0335H
0336H
20
NOP
SFF
Op-Code
0504H
0505H
0506H
0507H
Op-Code
0600H
0601H
0610H
0611H
0618H
0619H
061AH
Op-Code
0300H
0700H
WidePort LANCAM® Family
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY Continued
CYCLE
LENGTH
Short
Medium
Long
CYCLE TYPE
Command Read
Data Write
Command Write
MOV reg, reg (except L-70)
TCO reg (except CT)
TCO CT (non-reset, HMA invalid)
SPS, SPD, SFR
SBR, RSC, NOP
SFT (A)
Data Read
Comparand register
(not last segment)
Mask register
(not last segment)
MOV reg, reg (L-70)
MOV reg, mem
TCO CT (reset)
VBC (NFA invalid)
SFT (L)
Comparand register
Mask register
Memory array
(NFA invalid)
Status register or
16-bit register
Memory array
Memory array
(NFA valid)
Comparand register
(last segment)
Mask register
(last segment)
MOV mem, reg
TCO CT (non-reset, HMA valid)
CMP
SFF
VBC (NFA valid)
Note: The specific timing requirements for Short, Medium, and Long cycles are given in the Switching Characteristics
Section under the tELEH parameter. For two cycle TCO reads of a register’s contents, the first cycle (Command
Write TCO) is short, and the second cycle (Command read) is medium.
Table 8: Instruction Cycle Lengths
REGISTER BIT ASSIGNMENTS
15
14
13 12
11
10
9
8
RST
Match Flag
Full Flag Translation
R
E
S
E
T
=
0
Enable
=00
Disable
= 01
No Change
= 11
Enable
= 00
Disable
= 01
No Change
= 11
Input Not
Translated
= 00
Input
Translated
= 01
No Change
= 11
7
6
5
CAM/RAM Part.
4
3
2
Comp. Mask AR Inc/Dec
64 CAM/0 RAM = 000
48 CAM/16 RAM = 001
32 CAM/32 RAM = 010
16 CAM/48 RAM = 011
48 RAM/16 CAM = 100
32 RAM/32 CAM = 101
16 RAM/48 CAM = 110
No Change = 111
None = 00
MR1 = 01
MR2 = 10
No Change
= 11
Increment
= 00
Decrement
= 01
Disable
= 10
No Change
= 11
1
0
Mode
Standard Mode
= 00
Enhanced Mode
= 01
Reserved
= 10
No Change
= 11
Note: D15 reads back as 0.
Table 9: Control Register Bit Assignments
Dest.
Count
Start
Limit
9
8
7
0
Dest. Set
Count Source
End
Seg.
Limit Limits
=0
No
Chng.
=1
6
5
Src.
Count
End
Limit
Load
Dest.
Seg.
Count
=0
No
Chng.
=1
0
Src.
Count
Start
Limit
4
3
2
0
1
0
0
Dest. Load
Seg. Src.
Count Seg.
Value Count
=0
No
Chng.
=1
Reserved
10
Reserved
Reserved
11
0
0
Set
Dest.
Seg.
Limits
=0
No
Chng.
=1
12
Reserved
13
Reserved
14
Reserved
15
Src.
Seg.
Count
Value
Note: D15, D10, D5, and D2 read back as 0s. Reserved locations D14, D12, D9, D7, D4, and D1 should always
be set to 0.
Table 10: Segment Control Register Bit Assignments
21
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
REGISTER BIT ASSIGNMENTS Continued
27
31
30
29
28
4485A/L
2485A/L
/MA
/MA
/MM
/MM
/FL
/FL
Skip Empty
Skip Empty
1485A/L
/MA
15
/MM
/FL
Skip Empty
14
13
12
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
17
16
1
0
17
16
1
0
18
Page Address Bits, PA14–4
Page Address Bits, PA15–5
Page Address Bits, PA15–6
0
10
11
9
6
7
8
5
3
4
2
4485A/L
Page Address, PA3–0
Next Free Address, NF11–0
2485A/L
Page Address, PA4–0
Next Free Address, NF10–0
1485A/L
Page Address, PA5–0
Next Free Address, NF9–0
Note: The Next Free Address register is read only, and is accessed by performing
a Command Read cycle immediately following a TCO NF instruction.
Table 11: Next Free Address Register Bit Assignments
31
30
29
2485A/L
/MA
/MA
/MM
/MM
/FL
/FL
Skip Empty
Skip Empty
1485A/L
/MA
/MM
/FL
15
14
13
Skip Empty 0
12
11
10
4485A/L
4485A/L
28
26
27
24
25
23
22
21
20
19
18
Page Address Bits, PA14–4
Page Address Bits, PA15–5
9
Page Address Bits, PA15–6
7
6
5
3
2
4
8
Page Address, PA3–0
Match Address, AM11–0
2485A/L
Page Address, PA4–0
Match Address, AM10–0
1485A/L
Page Address, PA5–0
Match Address, AM9–0
Note: The Status register is read only, and is accessed by performing a Command Read cycle.
Table 12: Status Register Bit Assignments
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
4485A/L
/MA
/MM
/FL
Skip Empty
Page Address Bits, PA14–4
2485A/L
/MA
/MM
/FL
Skip Empty
Page Address Bits, PA15–5
1485A/L
/MA
/MM
14
/FL
Skip Empty
15
13
12
11
0
10
9
8
18
Page Address Bits, PA15–6
2
7
6
5
4
3
17
16
1
0
4485A/L
Device ID = 445 H
2485A/L
Device ID = 245 H
PS
1485A/L
Device ID = 145 H
PS
Note:
PS
The Persistent Source register is read only, and is accessed by performing a
Command Read cycle immediately following a TCO PS instruction.
Table 13: Persistent Source Register Bit Assignments
Rev. 2
22
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage
“A” Devices
“L” Devices
Voltage on all other pins
Temperature under bias
Storage Temperature
DC Output Current
Stresses exceeding those listed under Absolute
Maximum Ratings may include failure. Exposure
to absolute maximum ratings for extended
periods may reduce reliability. Functionality at
or above these conditions is not implied.
-0.5 to 7.0 Volts
-0.5 to 4.6 Volts
-0.5 to VCC +0.5 Volts (-2 Volts for
10 ns, measured at the 50% point)
-55°C to 125°C
-55°C to 125°C
20 mA (per output, one at a time, one
second duration.
All voltages referenced to GND.
OPERATING CONDITIONS (voltages referenced to GND at the device pin)
Symbol Parameter
VCC
Operating Supply Voltage
VIH
VIL
TA
Min Typical
“A” Devices 4.75
“L” Devices 3.0
5.0
3.3
2.0
Input Voltage Logic 1
Max
Units
5.25
Volts
3.6
Volts
Notes
VCC + 0.5 Volts
0.8
Volts
-0.5
Input Voltage Logic 0
Ambient Operating Commercial (-XXTCC) 0
Temperature
Industrial (-XXTCI)
-40
70
°C
85
°C
1, 2
Still Air
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Average Power Supply Current (mA)
-50
-70
-12
Device
Typ
Max
Typ Max Typ
Max
Typ
Max
1485A
290
335
240
265 215
235
175
200
1485L
n/a
n/a
155
185 145
170
120
150
2485A
355
395
285
325 450
275
200
225
2485L
n/a
n/a
175
205 165
185
135
165
4485A
490
525
375
400 330
350
265
295
4485L
n/a
n/a
230
265 215
235
180
205
Symbol Parameter
ICC(SB) Stand-by Power Supply
Current
VOH
VOL
Output Voltage Logic 1
IIZ
Input Leakage Current
IOZ
-90
Min Typical
Max
Units
“A” Devices
7
mA
“L” Devices
2
mA
2.4
Output Voltage Logic 0
Output Leakage Current
0.4
Notes
/E = HIGH
Volts
IOH = -2.0mA
Volts
IOL = 4.0mA
6
9
15
Kohms VIN = 0 V
TEST1, TEST2
6
10
15
Kohms VIN=Vcc; 11
Others
-2
+2
µA
VSS ≤ VIN ≤ VCC
-10
10
µA
VSS ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC;
/RESET
DQN = High Impedance
23
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
CAPACITANCE
Symbol Parameter
CIN
COUT
Max
Units
Input Capacitance
6
pF
Output Capacitance
7
pF
Notes
f = 1 MHz, VIN = 0 V
f = 1 MHz, VOUT = 0 V
AC TEST CONDITIONS
Input Signal Transitions
Input Signal Rise Time
Input Signal Fall Time
Input Timing Reference Level
Output Timing Reference Level
0.0 Volts to 3.0 Volts
< 3 ns
< 3 ns
1.5 Volts
1.5 Volts
SWITCHING TEST FIGURES
Vc c
R1
Input
Waveform
T o D evice
U nder T est
0V
V IL (MIN)
C1
R2
50% Amplitude
Point
10ns
Figure 7: Input Signal Waveform
Figure 6: AC Test Load
SWITCHING TEST FIGURE COMPONENT VALUES
Parameter
VCC
R1
R2
C1
(Includes jig)
Rev. 2
Test Load A
Test Load B
“A” Devices
5.0
961
510
30
5
24
“L” Devices
3.3
635
702
30
5
Units
Volts
Ohm
Ohm
pF
pF
WidePort LANCAM® Family
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Continued
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS (see Note 3)
·
Available
N/A Not Available
No
1
2
Cycle Time
“A” Devices
-50
“L” Devices
N/A
Symbol Parameter (all times in nanoseconds)
tELEL Chip Enable Compare Cycle Time
tELEH Chip Enable LOW
Short Cycle:
Pulse Width
3
tEHEL
4
tCVEL
5
tELCX
6
tELQX
tELQV
·
Min
Max
-12
-90
-70
·
·
Min Max Min
·
·
Max
Min
·
·
Max Notes
50
70
90
120
15
15
25
35
4
Medium Cycle:
30
35
50
75
4
Long Cycle:
45
55
75
100
4
Chip Enable HIGH Pulse Width
5
15
15
20
Control Input to Chip Enable LOW
0
0
0
0
5
10
10
10
15
5
3
3
3
3
Set-up Time
Control Input from Chip Enable LOW
Hold Time
7
Chip Enable LOW to Outputs Active
30
Chip Enable LOW to Outputs Valid
40
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
50
30
75
52
tEHQZ
tDVEL
Chip Enable HIGH to Outputs High-Z
3
Data to Chip Enable LOW Set-up Time
0
0
0
0
tELDX
tFIVEL
Data from Chip Enable LOW Hold Time
10
10
10
15
Full In Valid to Chip Enable LOW
0
0
0
0
Set-up Time
tFIVFFV Full In Valid to Full Flag Valid
tELFFV Chip Enable LOW to Full Flag Valid
tMIVEL Match In Valid to Chip Enable LOW
10
3
5
tEHMXV Chip Enable HIGH to /MA and /MM Valid
tRLRH Reset LOW Pulse Width
3
5
35
Set-up Time
tEHMFX Chip Enable HIGH to /MF, /MA, /MM Invalid
tMIVMFV Match In Valid to /MF Valid
tEHMFV Chip Enable HIGH to /MF Valid
10
50
15
3
7
75
0
0
0
0
0
7
8
30
16
16
25
18
18
25
100
4,6
20
8
0
50
85
90
0
5
4,6
7
0
4
6
70
100
30
100
8
Notes:
1. -1.0V for a duration of 10 ns measured at the 50% amplitude points for Input-only lines (Figure 8).
2. Common I/O lines are clamped, so that signal transients cannot fall below -0.5V.
3. Over Ambient Operating Temperature and Vcc(min) to Vcc(max).
4. See Table 8.
5. Control signals are /W, /CM, and /EC.
6. With load specified in Figure 7, Test Load A.
7. With load specified in Figure 7, Test Load B.
8. /E must be HIGH during this period to ensure accurate default values in the configuration registers.
9. With output and I/O pins unloaded.
10. TEST1 and TEST2 may not be implemented on all versions of these products.
25
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
TIMING DIAGRAMS
READ CYCLE
WRITE CYCLE
2
2
3
3
/E
/E
4
4
5
4
5
4
5
9
10
5
/W
/W
4
5
/C M
/ CM
/EC
4
5
/EC
DQ1 5 – 0
7
8
11
D Q 15–0
/ FI
6
13
/ FF
COMPARE CYCLE
1
2
3
/E
4
5
4
5
/W
/CM
V AL ID
4
5
/EC
14
/M I
15
16
/M F
17
/M A, /M M
18
Rev. 2
26
12
WidePort LANCAM® Family
PACKAGE OUTLINE
He
A2
E
Hd
A1
D
G a ge Plan e
0 .2 5
L1
L
L
e
b
c
Dimensions are in mm.
Dim. A1 Dim. A2
80-pin
TQFP
0.05
0.15
1.35
1.45
Dim. b
Dim. c
Dim. D
Dim. E
Dim. e
Dim. Hd
Dim.He
Dim. L
Dim. L1
0.22
0.38
0.08
0.20
13.90
14.10
13.90
14.10
0.65
nom
15.90
16.10
15.90
16.10
0.45
0.75
1.00
nom
27
Rev. 2
WidePort LANCAM® Family
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number
MU9C4485A - 50TCC
MU9C4485A - 70TCC
MU9C4485A - 90TCC
MU9C4485A - 12TCC
MU9C4485L - 70TCC
MU9C4485L - 90TCC
MU9C4485L - 12TCC
MU9C4485A - 70TCI
MU9C4485A - 90TCI
MU9C4485A - 12TCI
MU9C2485A - 50TCC
MU9C2485A - 70TCC
MU9C2485A - 90TCC
MU9C2485A - 12TCC
MU9C2485L - 70TCC
MU9C2485L - 90TCC
MU9C2485L - 12TCC
MU9C2485A - 70TCI
MU9C2485A - 90TCI
MU9C2485A - 12TCI
MU9C1485A - 50TCC
MU9C1485A - 70TCC
MU9C1485A - 90TCC
MU9C1485A - 12TCC
MU9C1485L - 70TCC
MU9C1485L - 90TCC
MU9C1485L - 12TCC
MU9C1485A - 70TCI
MU9C1485A - 90TCI
MU9C1485A - 12TCI
Organization
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
4096 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
2048 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
1024 x 64
Cycle Time
50ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
50ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
50ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
70ns
90ns
120ns
Temperature
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
-40–85° C
-40–85° C
-40–85° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
-40–85° C
-40–85° C
-40–85° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
0–70° C
-40–85° C
-40–85° C
-40–85° C
Voltage
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
3.3 ± 0.3
3.3 ± 0.3
3.3 ± 0.3
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
3.3 ± 0.3
3.3 ± 0.3
3.3 ± 0.3
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
3.3 ± 0.3
3.3 ± 0.3
3.3 ± 0.3
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
5.0 ± .25
MUSIC Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes
to its products and specifications at any time in order to
improve on performance, manufacturability, or reliability.
Information furnished by MUSIC is believed to be accurate,
but no responsibility is assumed by MUSIC Semiconductors
for the use of said information, nor for any infringement of
patents or of other third party rights which may result from
said use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of any MUSIC company.
©Copyright 1998, MUSIC Semiconductors
MUSIC Semiconductors Agent or Distributor:
USA Headquarters
MUSIC Semiconductors, Inc.
254 B Mountain Avenue
Hackettstown, New Jersey 07840
USA
http://www.music-ic.com Tel: 908/979-1010
email: [email protected] Fax: 908/979-1035
USA Only: 800/933-1550 Tech Support
888/226-6874 Product Info
Rev. 2
Package
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
80-PIN TQFP
28
Asian Headquarters
MUSIC Semiconductors
Special Export Processing Zone 1
Carmelray Industrial Park
Canlubang, Calamba, Laguna
Philippines
Tel: +63 49 549 1480
Fax: +63 49 549 1024
Sales Tel/Fax: +632 723 62 15
European Headquarters
MUSIC Semiconductors
Torenstraat 28
6471 JX Eygelshoven
Netherlands
Tel: +31 45 5462177
Fax: +31 45 5463663