CAT3604V 4-Channel Quad-Mode) LED Driver with Open/Short LED Detection Description http://onsemi.com TQFN−16 HV4 SUFFIX CASE 510AE LED4 LED3 LED2 PIN CONNECTIONS LED1 The CAT3604V is a high efficiency Quad−Mode® fractional charge pump that can drive up to four LEDs with input supply voltages as low as 2.5 V. An external RSET resistor is used to control the LED channel brightness while channel diagnostics include automatic detection for both short and open LED channel conditions, ensuring the CAT3604V maintains the highest efficiency level in all operating modes. Each operating mode uses a constant high frequency switching scheme which allows the use of small form factor external ceramic capacitors while delivering excellent low noise input supply ripple up to 5.5 volts. The EN input control supports direct PWM dimming and can accommodate dimming frequencies in excess of 10 kHz thereby providing extremely high resolution brightness levels. The device is available in the 16−pad low profile 0.8 mm thin QFN (4 mm x 4 mm). 1 EN GND NC C2+ GND NC C2− C1− NC Applications • • • • LCD Display Backlight Cellular Phones Digital Still Cameras Handheld Devices C1+ VIN Quad−mode Charge Pump: 1x, 1.33x, 1.5x, 2x Drives up to 4 LEDs at 30 mA Each Pin Compatible with Industry Standard ’604 Open/Short LED Automatic Detection Power Efficiency up to 92% High Resolution PWM Dimming Low Noise Supply Ripple in All Modes Soft Start and Current Limiting Short Circuit and Thermal Overload Protection 16−Pad TQFN Package, 4 mm x 4 mm These Devices are Pb−Free, Halogen Free/BFR Free and are RoHS Compliant RSET • • • • • • • • • • • VOUT Features (4 x 4 mm) (Top View) MARKING DIAGRAMS CDAF AXXX YMCC CDAK AXXX YMCC CDAK = CAT3604VHV4−GT2 CDAF = CAT3604VHV4−T2 A = Assembly Location XXX = Last Three Digits of Assembly Lot Number Y = Production Year (Last Digit) M = Production Month (1−9, A, B, C) CC = Country of Origin (Two Digit) Note: Two digit code for country of origin: Thailand = TH Malaysia = MY ORDERING INFORMATION Device Package CAT3604VHV4−GT2 (Note 1) TQFN−16 (Pb−Free) CAT3604VHV4−T2 TQFN−16 (Pb−Free) Shipping 2,000/ Tape & Reel 1. NiPdAu Plated Finish (RoHS−compliant). For other finishes, please contact factory. © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2010 April, 2010 − Rev. 3 1 Publication Order Number: CAT3604V/D CAT3604V 1 mF 2.4 V to 5.5 V VIN CIN C1+ C1− C2+ C2− VIN VOUT CAT3604V 1 mF ON OFF 1 mF EN RSET GND 4.02 kΩ LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 VOUT COUT 1 mF 20 mA Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit Table 1. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Rating Unit VIN, LEDx, C1±, C2± voltage 6 V VOUT voltage 7 V EN voltage 6 V Storage Temperature Range −65 to +160 °C Junction Temperature Range −40 to +150 °C 300 °C Lead Temperature Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. Table 2. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Rating Unit VIN Parameter 2.5 to 5.5 V Ambient Temperature Range −40 to +85 _C ILED per LED pin 0 to 25 mA Total Output Current 0 to 100 mA LED Forward Voltage Range 1.3 to 4.3 V NOTE: Typical application circuit with external components is shown above. http://onsemi.com 2 CAT3604V Table 3. ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise) VIN = 3.6 V, EN = High, TAMB = 25°C. Name Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max 1.0 1.7 2.2 2.4 Units IQ Quiescent Current 1x mode, no load 1.33x mode, no load 1.5x mode, no load 2x mode, no load mA IQSHDN Shutdown Current VEN = 0 V ILED−ACC LED Current Accuracy ILEDAVG / ILEDAVG−NOMINAL ±2 % ILED−DEV LED Channel Matching (ILED − ILEDAVG) / ILEDAVG ±1.5 % ILED Programmed LED Current RSET = 34.0 kW RSET = 5.23 kW RSET = 2.67 kW 2.4 15 30 mA VRSET RSET Regulated Voltage ROUT Output Resistance (open loop) 1x mode 1.33x mode, VIN = 3 V 1.5x mode, VIN = 2.7 V 2x mode, VIN = 2.4 V FOSC Charge Pump Frequency 1.33x and 2x mode 1.5x mode ISC_MAX Output short circuit Current Limit VOUT < 0.5 V 50 mA IIN_MAX Input Current Limit VOUT > 1 V 250 mA LEDTH 1x to 1.33x, 1.33x to 1.5x or 1.5x to 2x Transition Thresholds at any LED pin 130 mV VHYS 1x Mode Transition Hysteresis 400 mV REN VHI VLO EN Pin − Internal Pull−down Resistor − Logic High Level − Logic Low Level 100 kW V V TSD Thermal Shutdown 150 °C THYS Thermal Hysteresis 20 °C VUVLO Undervoltage lockout (UVLO) threshold 1 0.58 0.6 0.62 0.8 5 5 10 0.8 1 1 1.3 1.3 1.6 0.4 http://onsemi.com 3 1.8 V W 1.3 1.6 mA 2.0 MHz V CAT3604V Table 4. A.C. CHARACTERISTICS (For 2.5 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5 V, over full ambient temperature range −40 to +85°C.) Symbol Name Conditions TLED LED current settling time from shutdown mode TMD 1x mode, VIN = 4 V 1.33x mode, VIN = 3.5 V Min Typ Max Units 40 400 ms Mode transition time 500 ms TPWRDWN Device power down delay 0.9 TLED−ON LED on settling time 1 ms TLED−OFF LED off settling time 120 ns Figure 2. CAT3604V Timing Characteristics LED Current Setting The nominal LED current is set by the external resistor connected between the RSET pin and ground. Table 5 lists standard resistor values for several LED current settings. Table 5. RESISTOR RSET AND LED CURRENT LED Current (mA) RSET (kW) 2 40.0 5 15.8 10 7.87 15 5.23 20 4.02 25 3.16 30 2.67 http://onsemi.com 4 1.5 ms CAT3604V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, IOUT = 80 mA (4 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.) 100 100 VF = 3.3 V VF = 3.3 V 90 1x 80 1.5x 1.33x EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 90 2x 70 60 50 40 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 3. Efficiency vs. Input Voltage Figure 4. Efficiency vs. Li−Ion Voltage 3.0 4 QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA) 4.2 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3 2 1 LEDs Off 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 3 2x 1.5x 2 1.33x 1x 1 0 −40 2.0 0 40 80 120 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 5. Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 6. Quiescent Current vs. Temperature 10 10 8 VF = 3.3 V LED CURRENT VARIATION (%) LED CURRENT VARIATION (%) 60 40 2.0 VF = 3.3 V 6 4 2 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −10 1.33x 70 50 4 0 1x 80 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 8 VF = 3.3 V 6 4 2 0 −2 −4 −6 −8 −10 −40 0 40 80 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 7. LED Current Change vs. Input Voltage Figure 8. LED Current Change vs. Temperature http://onsemi.com 5 120 CAT3604V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, IOUT = 80 mA (4 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.) 12 1.5x Mode 1.2 OUTPUT RESISTANCE (W) SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz) 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.33x, 2x Mode 0.9 0.8 0.7 −40 0 40 80 2x 8 6 1.33x 4 1.5x 2 0 120 1x 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 9. Switching Frequency vs. Temperature Figure 10. Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage 40 4.0 3.5 1x Mode 3.0 LED CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 10 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 30 20 10 0.5 0 0 100 200 300 0 400 0 50 100 150 200 250 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) LED PIN VOLTAGE (mV) Figure 11. Foldback Current Limit Figure 12. LED Current vs. LED Pin Voltage LED CURRENT (mA) 100 10 1 1 10 100 RSET RESISTANCE (kW) Figure 13. LED Current vs. RSET Resistance Figure 14. Line Transient Response (3.6 V to 4.9 V) http://onsemi.com 6 300 CAT3604V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, IOUT = 80 mA (4 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.) Figure 15. Operating Waveforms in 1x Mode Figure 16. Switching Waveforms in 1.33x Mode Figure 17. Switching Waveforms in 1.5x Mode Figure 18. Switching Waveforms in 2x Mode http://onsemi.com 7 CAT3604V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, IOUT = 80 mA (4 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.) Figure 19. Cold Power Up in 1x Mode Figure 20. Cold Power Up in 1.33x Mode Figure 21. Cold Power Up in 1.5x Mode Figure 22. Cold Power Up in 2x Mode Figure 23. Cold Power Up (1x Mode) Figure 24. Power Down (1x Mode) http://onsemi.com 8 CAT3604V Table 6. PIN DESCRIPTION Pin # Name Function 1 EN Device enable (active high). 2 NC Not connected inside the package. 3 NC Not connected inside the package. 4 NC Not connected inside the package. 5 RSET Connect resistor RSET to set the LED current. 6 VOUT Charge pump output connected to the LED anodes. 7 VIN Charge pump input, connect to battery or supply. 8 C1+ Bucket capacitor 1 Positive terminal 9 C1− Bucket capacitor 1 Negative terminal 10 C2− Bucket capacitor 2 Negative terminal 11 C2+ Bucket capacitor 2 Positive terminal 12 GND Ground Reference 13 LED4 LED4 cathode terminal. 14 LED3 LED3 cathode terminal. 15 LED2 LED2 cathode terminal. 16 LED1 LED1 cathode terminal. TAB GND Connect to GND on the PCB. Pin Function VIN is the supply pin for the charge pump. A small 1 mF ceramic bypass capacitor is required between the VIN pin and ground near the device. The operating input voltage range is from 2.5 V to 5.5 V. Whenever the input supply falls below the under−voltage threshold (1.8 V), all the LED channels are disabled and the device enters shutdown mode. EN is the enable input and the high resolution PWM dimming control. Levels of logic high and logic low are set at 1.3 V and 0.4 V respectively. When EN is initially taken high, the device becomes enabled and all LED currents are set according to the RSET resistor. To place the device into “zero current” shutdown mode, the EN pin must be held low for at least 1.5 ms. VOUT is the charge pump output that is connected to the LED anodes. A small 1 mF ceramic bypass capacitor is required between the VOUT pin and ground near the device. GND is the ground reference for the charge pump. The pin must be connected to the ground plane on the PCB. C1+, C1− are connected to each side of the ceramic bucket capacitor C1. C2+, C2− are connected to each side of the ceramic bucket capacitor C2. LED1 to LED4 provide the internal regulated current source for each of the LED cathodes. These pins enter high−impedance zero current state whenever the device is placed in shutdown mode. If an LED pin is directly tied to VOUT, that channel is disabled. TAB is the exposed pad underneath the package. For best thermal performance, the tab should be soldered to the PCB and connected to the ground plane. RSET is connected to the resistor (RSET) to set the current for the LEDs. The voltage at this pin regulated to 0.6 V. The ground side of the external resistor should be star connected back to the GND of the PCB. In shutdown mode, RSET becomes high impedance. http://onsemi.com 9 CAT3604V Block Diagram C1− VIN VIN C1+ C2− C2+ VOUT 1x mode (LDO) 1.33x, 1.5x, 2x Charge Pump Mode Control 1, 1.3 MHz Oscillator LED1 EN LED2 LED3 Reference Voltage RSET LED4 LED Channel Current Regulators Current Setting GND Figure 25. CAT3604V Functional Block Diagram Basic Operation At power−up, the CAT3604V starts operating in 1x mode where the output will be approximately equal to the input supply voltage (less any internal voltage losses). If the output voltage is sufficient to regulate all LED currents, the device remains in 1x operating mode. If the input voltage is insufficient or falls to a level where the regulated currents cannot be maintained, the device automatically switches into 1.33x mode (after a fixed delay time of about 400 ms). In 1.33x mode, the output voltage is approximately equal to 1.33 times the input supply voltage (less any internal voltage losses). This sequence repeats in the 1.33x and 1.5x mode until the driver enters the 2x mode. In 1.5x mode, the output voltage is approximately equal to 1.5 times the input supply voltage. While in 2x mode, the output is approximately equal to 2 times the input supply voltage. If the device detects a sufficient input voltage is present to drive all LED currents in 1x mode, it will change automatically back to 1x mode. This only applies for changing back to the 1x mode. The difference between the input voltage when exiting 1x mode and returning to 1x mode is called the 1x mode transition hysteresis (VHYS) and is about 500 mV The EN pin enables and disables the device. The LED driver enters a “zero current” shutdown mode if EN is held low for 1.5 ms or more. As soon as the EN input goes low, all LED channels are instantly disabled, where the LED current is set to zero. As long as the CAT3604V is not in shutdown mode, the LEDs turn on as soon as the EN goes high. Unused LED Channels For applications not requiring all the channels, it is recommended to connect the unused LED pins directly to VOUT (see Figure 26). 1 mF VIN CIN ON OFF C1− C2+ C2− VOUT COUT CAT3604V 1 mF EN RSET GND RSET LED Current Selection LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 1 mF Figure 26. Application with 3 LEDs The LED current is set to by the external resistor RSET as follows: LED current + 132 C1+ VIN 1 mF Protection Mode If an LED is disconnected, the device senses that, run the diagnostics, then ignores that channel and goes back to the most effective mode. When all LEDs are disconnected, the 0.6 V R SET http://onsemi.com 10 CAT3604V PWM Dimming The EN pin is used to provide total Shutdown of the device as well as High Resolution PWM dimming control on the LED Channels. Shutdown of the device occurs after the EN pin has been held low for 1.5 ms. During the “soft−start” power−up sequence from the shutdown mode, the LED current typically settles within 40 ms (for 1X mode operation). This LED current settling time becomes 400 ms if 1.33X operation is needed (i.e low battery voltage). For High Resolution PWM dimming control (typically frequencies at 2 kHz or above), the device will remain powered and only the LED channels output will be switched on and off during the PWM (the rest of the device will remain powered−up). This allows the output channels to have “instant−on” response, where the LED current settles within 1 ms of the applied PWM dimming signals. This “instant−on” modes makes the device suitable for extremely high frequency PWM dimming schemes. Figure 28 shows the output current for PWM frequencies up to 100 kHz and with duty cycles of 30% and 70%. device runs diagnostics and goes to 1x mode where the output is basically equal to the input voltage. As soon as the output exceeds about 6 V, the driver resets itself and reevaluate the mode. If the die temperature reaches +150°C, the device enters a thermal protection shutdown mode. When the device temperature drops to about +130°C, the device resumes normal operation. LED Selection LEDs with forward voltages (VF) ranging from 1.3 V to 4.3 V may be used. Selecting LEDs with lower VF is recommended in order to extend battery life and keep the driver in 1x mode longer as the battery voltage decreases. For example, if a 3.3 V VF LED is selected instead of a 3.5 V VF LED, the driver will stay in 1x mode for a lower supply voltage of 0.2 V. External Components The driver requires four external 1 mF ceramic capacitors for decoupling input, output, and for the charge pump. Both capacitors type X5R and X7R are recommended for the LED driver application. In all charge pump modes, the input current ripple is kept very low by design and an input bypass capacitor of 1 mF is sufficient. In 1x mode, the device operates in linear mode and does not introduce switching noise back onto the supply. 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (%) 90 Recommended Layout In charge pump mode, the driver switches internally at a high frequency. It is recommended to minimize trace length to all four capacitors. A ground plane should cover the area under the driver IC as well as the bypass capacitors. Short connection to ground on capacitors CIN and COUT can be implemented with the use of multiple via. A copper area matching the TQFN exposed pad (TAB) must be connected to the ground plane underneath. The use of multiple via improves the package heat dissipation. 70% DC 80 70 60 50 40 30 30% DC 20 10 0.1 1 10 100 PWM FREQUENCY (kHz) Figure 28. Output Current vs. PWM Frequency For best performance, the duty cycle off−time TOFF should meet the following timing limits: • for slow frequency ≤ 600 Hz, TOFF ≥ 800 ms • for fast frequency ≥ 1 kHz, TOFF ≤ 400 ms Figure 27. PCB Layout http://onsemi.com 11 CAT3604V TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, IOUT = 80 mA (4 LEDs at 20 mA), CIN = COUT = C1 = C2 = 1 mF, TAMB = 25°C unless otherwise specified.) Figure 29. 10 kHz PWM Waveform (1x Mode) Figure 30. 10 kHz PWM Waveform (1.33x Mode) 100 DIMMING (%) 80 60 1x Mode VIN = 4 V 40 1.33x Mode VIN = 3.5 V 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 DUTY CYCLE (%) Figure 32. Dimming Linearity, PWM at 200 Hz 100 100 80 80 DIMMING (%) DIMMING (%) Figure 31. 300 Hz PWM Waveform (1x Mode) 60 1x Mode VIN = 4 V 40 1.33x Mode VIN = 3.5 V 20 0 0 20 40 60 1x Mode VIN = 4 V 40 1.33x Mode VIN = 3.5 V 20 60 80 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 DUTY CYCLE (%) DUTY CYCLE (%) Figure 33. Dimming Linearity, PWM at 500 Hz Figure 34. Dimming Linearity, PWM at 30 kHz http://onsemi.com 12 CAT3604V PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TQFN16, 4x4 CASE 510AE−01 ISSUE A A D DETAIL A E2 E PIN#1 ID PIN#1 INDEX AREA TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX A 0.70 0.75 0.80 A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 A3 BOTTOM VIEW e b 0.20 REF b 0.25 0.30 0.35 D 3.90 4.00 4.10 D2 2.00 −−− 2.25 E 3.90 4.00 4.10 E2 2.00 −−− 2.25 e L D2 A1 L DETAIL A 0.65 BSC 0.45 −−− A 0.65 Notes: (1) All dimensions are in millimeters. (2) Complies with JEDEC MO-220. A1 A3 FRONT VIEW http://onsemi.com 13 CAT3604V Example of Ordering Information (Note 4) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Prefix Device # Suffix CAT 3604V HV4 −G T2 Company ID (Optional) Product Number 3604V Package HV4: TQFN Lead Finish G: NiPdAu Blank: Matte−Tin Tape & Reel (Note 6) T: Tape & Reel 2: 2,000 / Reel All packages are RoHS−compliant (Lead−free, Halogen−free). The standard lead finish is NiPdAu. The device used in the above example is a CAT3604VHV4−GT2 (TQFN, NiPdAu Plated Finish, Tape & Reel, 2,000/Reel). For additional package and temperature options, please contact your nearest ON Semiconductor Sales office. For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. Quad−Mode is a registered trademark of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC. ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION LITERATURE FULFILLMENT: Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor P.O. Box 5163, Denver, Colorado 80217 USA Phone: 303−675−2175 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada Fax: 303−675−2176 or 800−344−3867 Toll Free USA/Canada Email: [email protected] N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free USA/Canada Europe, Middle East and Africa Technical Support: Phone: 421 33 790 2910 Japan Customer Focus Center Phone: 81−3−5773−3850 http://onsemi.com 14 ON Semiconductor Website: www.onsemi.com Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/orderlit For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative CAT3604V/D