User's Guide SLOU310 – September 2011 TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module This document describes the operation of the TPA2025D1 evaluation module that users may use to evaluate the TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier. Included are the TPA2025D1EVM schematic, board art, and bill of materials. 1 2 3 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1.1 Description .......................................................................................................... 1.2 TPA2025D1 Specifications ....................................................................................... Operation ..................................................................................................................... 2.1 Quick-Start List for Stand-Alone Operation ..................................................................... 2.2 Boost Settings ...................................................................................................... 2.3 Power Up ............................................................................................................ Reference .................................................................................................................... 3.1 TPA2025D1EVM Schematic ...................................................................................... 3.2 TPA2025D1EVM PCB Layers .................................................................................... 3.3 TPA2025D1EVM Bill of Materials ................................................................................ 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 9 List of Figures 1 TPA2025D1EVM Schematic............................................................................................... 5 2 EVM Assembly Layer....................................................................................................... 6 3 EVM Top Layer .............................................................................................................. 6 4 EVM Layer 2 ................................................................................................................. 7 5 EVM Layer 3 ................................................................................................................. 7 6 EVM Bottom Layer .......................................................................................................... 8 List of Tables 1 1 TPA2025D1EVM Bill of Materials ......................................................................................... 9 Introduction This section provides an overview of the Texas Instruments (TI) TPA2025D1 audio power amplifier evaluation module (EVM). It includes a brief description of the module and a list of specifications. 1.1 Description The TPA2025D1 is a high-efficiency, class-D, audio power amplifier and an integrated boost converter. It drives up to 2 W into a 4-Ω speaker from low supply voltages. The TPA2025D1 audio power amplifier EVM is a complete, stand-alone audio amplifier. It contains the TPA2025D1 WCSP (YZG) Class-D audio power amplifier with an integrated boost converter. All components and the EVM are Pb-Free. SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated 1 Operation 1.2 2 www.ti.com TPA2025D1 Specifications VBAT Supply voltage range 2.5 V to 5.2 V IDD Supply current 3 A Maximum PO Continuous output power per channel, 4 Ω, VBAT = 3.6 V 2W VI Audio input voltage 0 V to VBAT RL Minimum load impedance 4Ω Operation This section describes how to operate the TPA2025D1EVM. 2.1 Quick-Start List for Stand-Alone Operation Use the following steps when operating the TPA2025D1EVM as a stand-alone or when connecting the EVM into existing circuits or equipment. 2.1.1 Power and Ground 1. Ensure the external power sources are set to OFF. 2. Set the power supply voltage between 2.3 V and 5.2 V. When connecting the power supply to the EVM, attach the power supply ground connection to the GND connector first, and then connect the positive supply to the VDD connector. Verify that correct connections are made to the banana jacks. 2.1.2 Audio 1. Ensure that the audio source is set to the minimum level. 2. Connect the audio source to the input RCA jack IN. In case of differential audio input, ensure that the jumper, JP SE, is not inserted. In case of a single-ended audio input, ensure that the jumper, JP SE, is inserted, thereby grounding IN+ through the input capacitor C2. 3. Connect a speaker (4 Ω to 32 Ω) to the output banana jacks, OUT+ and OUT–. 4. FLT Out+ and FLT OUT- test points allow the user to connect the outputs of the amplfier through an RC filter for audio measurements. (Many audio analyzers will not give the correct readings on a Class-D amplifier without additional filtering.) Note that the user must provide the necessary resistors, R7 and R8 to complete the filters. The typical value for R7 and R8 is 1.0 kΩ. 5. The filtered output of the TPA2025D1 can be measured between test points FILT OUT– and FILT OUT+ 2.1.3 AGC Control The TPA2025D1 has three selectable inflection point settings: 3.25 V, 3.55 V, and 3.75 V. 1. Remove the jumper, AGC, to select the 3.25-V inflection point (AGC1). 2. Install the jumper, AGC, between pins 2 and 3 to select the 3.55-V inflection point (AGC2). 3. Install the jumper, AGC, between pins 1 and 2 to select the 3.75-V inflection point (AGC3). 2.1.4 Amplifier Gain The TPA2025D1 has a fixed setting of 20 dB. 2.1.5 Shutdown Controls 1. The TPA2025D1 provides shutdown control for the Class-D amplifier and the boost converter. The EN pin enables the boost converter and Class-D amplifier. It is active high. 2. Press and hold pushbutton S1 to place the boost converter and the Class-D amplifier in shutdown. Release pushbutton S1 to activate the Class-D amplifier and boost converter. The boost converter only turns on if an audio signal (> 2 VPEAK) is present at one of the outputs (OUT+ or OUT-). 2 TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback Operation www.ti.com NOTE: The TPA2025D1 has an auto pass-through mode. Under normal operation (EN = HIGH), the boost converter automatically turns off if no audio signal is present at one of the inputs (IN+ or IN-). 2.2 Boost Settings The default voltage for the boost converter is 5.9 V (unloaded) and cannot be changed. If no audio signal is present, the boost converter is automatically disabled. Once the audio signal is present at IN+ and IN-, the boost converter enables automatically, when the output signal exceeds 2 VPEAK. 2.2.1 Boost Terms The following is a list of terms and definitions: CMIN L fboost IPVDD IPVDD IL PVDD (PVOUT) VBAT (VDD) ΔIL ΔV 2.2.2 Minimum boost capacitance required for a given ripple voltage on PVOUT (PVDD) Boost inductor Switching frequency of the boost converter Current pulled by the class-D amplifier from the boost converter Current pulled by the class-D amplifier from the boost converter Current through the boost inductor. Supply voltage for the class-D amplifier (Voltage generated by the boost converter output) Supply voltage to the TPA2025D1 (Supply voltage to the EVM). Ripple current through the inductor. Ripple voltage on PVOUT (PVDD) due to capacitance Changing the Boost Inductor Working inductance decreases as inductor current increases. If the drop in working inductance is severe enough, it may cause the boost converter to become unstable, or cause the TPA2025D1 to reach its current limit at a lower output power than expected. Inductor vendors specify currents at which inductor values decrease by a specific percentage. This can vary by 10% to 35%. Inductance is also affected by dc current and temperature. Inductor current rating is determined by the requirements of the load. The inductance is determined by two factors: the minimum value required for stability and the maximum ripple current permitted in the application. Use Equation 1 to determine the required current rating. Equation 1 shows the approximate relationship between the average inductor current, IL, to the load current, load voltage, and input voltage (IPVDD, PVOUT, and VBAT, respectively.) Insert IPVDD, PVDD, and VBAT into Equation 1 to solve for IL. The inductor must maintain at least 90% of its initial inductance value at this current. PVDD æ ö IL = IPVDD ´ ç ÷ è VBAT ´ 0.8 ø (1) The minimum working inductance is 1.3 μH. A lower value may cause instability. Ripple current, ΔIL, is peak-to-peak variation in inductor current. Smaller ripple current reduces core losses in the inductor as well as the potential for EMI. Use Equation 2 to determine the value of the inductor, L. Equation 2 shows the relationships among inductance L, VBAT, PVDD, the switching frequency, fboost, and ΔIL. Insert the maximum acceptable ripple current into Equation 2 to solve for L. VBAT ´ (PVDD - VBAT) L= ΔIL ´ fBOOST ´ PVDD (2) SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated 3 Operation www.ti.com ΔIL is inversely proportional to L. Minimize ΔIL as much as is necessary for a specific application. Increase the inductance to reduce the ripple current. Note that making the inductance too large prevents the boost converter from responding to fast load changes properly. Typical inductor values for the TPA2025D1 are 2.2 μH to 4.7 μH. Select an inductor with a small dc resistance, DCR. DCR reduces the output power due to the voltage drop across the inductor. 2.2.3 Changing the Boost Capacitor The value of the boost capacitor is determined by the minimum value of working capacitance required for stability and the maximum voltage ripple allowed on PVOUT in the application. The minimum value of working capacitance is 4.7 μF. Do not use any component with a working capacitance less than 4.7 μF. Working capacitance is defined as the rated capacitance reduced by the DC Bias factor, temperature, and aging parameters of the capacitor being used. It may be necessary to request these parameters from the capacitor manufacturer. For best performance, only consider ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectric. For X5R or X7R ceramic capacitors, Equation 3 shows the relationships among the boost capacitance, C, to load current, load voltage, ripple voltage, input voltage, and switching frequency (IPVOUT, PVOUT, ΔV, VDD, fboost respectively). Insert the maximum allowed ripple voltage into Equation 3 to solve for C. A factor of about 1.5 is included to account for capacitance loss due to dc voltage and temperature. I ´ (PVDD - VBAT) C = 1.5 ´ PVDD D V ´ fBOOST ´ PVDD (3) For aluminum or tantalum capacitors, Equation 4 shows the relationships among the boost capacitance, C, to load current, load voltage, ripple voltage, input voltage, and switching frequency (IPVOUT, PVOUT, ΔV, VDD, fboost respectively). Insert the maximum allowed ripple voltage into Equation 4 to solve for C. Solve this equation assuming ESR is zero. I ´ (PVDD - VBAT) C = PVDD D V ´ fBOOST ´ PVDD (4) Capacitance of aluminum and tantalum capacitors is normally insensitive to applied voltage, so no factor of 1.5 is included in Equation 4. However, the ESR in aluminum and tantalum capacitors can be significant. Choose an aluminum or tantalum capacitor with an ESR around 30 mΩ. For best performance with tantalum capacitors, use at least a 10-V rating. Note that tantalum capacitors must generally be used at voltages of half their ratings or less. 2.3 Power Up 1. Verify that the correct connections are as described in Section 2.1. 2. Verify that the voltage setting of the power supply is between 2.5 V and 5.2 V, and turn on the power supply. Proper operation of the EVM begins. 3. Adjust the audio signal source as needed. 4 TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback Reference www.ti.com 3 Reference This section includes the EVM schematic, board layout reference, and parts list. 3.1 TPA2025D1EVM Schematic Vdd GND 1 Vdd 1 L1 2 1 C11 10ufd/10V 2 C3 2 GND 1 1 2.2uH C4 1 0.1ufd/16V 2 DNP C5 C1 GND 2 1 GND 1.0ufd/10V C9 4700pfd/50V 2 D1 DNP C2 22 OUT+ U1 TPA2025D1YZG C6 GND AGND D2 EN A3 C2 2 B2 B2 AGC 33 1 MPZ2012S101A 100ohms/4A B1 OUT- C8 2 1000pfd/50V R101 1 MPZ2012S101A 2 1 TVS1 TVS2 DNP DNP FLT OUT1 GND Vdd R8 2 GND C10 GND 2 2 100K 1 GND 1 DNP R5 OUT- 0.0 100ohms/4A GND 1 OUT+ 0.0 C7 1000pfd/50V GND FB2 TP2 GND GND R100 2 1 DNP C1 1 2 11 AGC IN+ 1 2 1 2 C3 FB1 GND 1 JP SE 2 PVDD A1 D3 D3 SW A2 VBAT B3 6.8V 2 1.0ufd/10V 1 GND 2 GND GND 1 R7 DNP 1.00K 1 1 GND 2 1 0.1ufd/16V 2 BGND IN R4 PGND 3 1 D1 2 FLT OUT+ TP1 GND 2 22ufd/10V C12 1 1 1 VDD 2 4700pfd/50V GND S1 STANDOFF HARDWARE 0.5in 0.5in 0.5in 0.5in GND GND GND GND 0.5in 0.5in 0.5in 0.5in Figure 1. TPA2025D1EVM Schematic SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated 5 Reference 3.2 www.ti.com TPA2025D1EVM PCB Layers Figure 2. EVM Assembly Layer Spacer B D Figure 3. EVM Top Layer 6 TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback Reference www.ti.com Figure 4. EVM Layer 2 Spacer Figure 5. EVM Layer 3 SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated 7 Reference www.ti.com B D Figure 6. EVM Bottom Layer 8 TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback Reference www.ti.com 3.3 TPA2025D1EVM Bill of Materials Table 1. TPA2025D1EVM Bill of Materials ITEM MANU PARTNUM QTY REF DESIGNATORS VENDOR PARTNUM DESCRIPTION VENDOR MANUFACTURER 1 TPA2025D1YZG 1 U1 TPA2025D1YZG TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TEXAS INSTRUMENTS MOUSER ST MICROELECTRONI CS Audio Power Amplifier SEMICONDUCTORS 2 ESDALC6V1-1BT2 (0) DNP TVS1,TVS2 ESDALC6V1-1BT2 TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SUPPRESSION BIDIR 6.1V 9A SOD-882 ROHS CAPACITORS 3 C1608C0G1H102J 2 C7,C8 445-1293-1 CAP SMD0603 CERM 1000PFD 50V 5% COG ROHS DIGI-KEY TDK CORP. 4 ECJ-1VB1H472K 2 C9,C10 PCC1780CT CAP SMD0603 CERM 4700PFD 50V 10% X7R ROHS DIGI-KEY PANASONIC 5 GRM21BR71A106KE51L 1 C3 490-3905-1 CAP SMD0805 CERM 10UFD 10V10% X7R ROHS DIGI-KEY MURATA 6 LMK212BJ226MG-T 1 C5 587-1958-1 CAP SMD0805 CERM 22UFD 10V 20% X5R ROHS DIGI-KEY TAIYO YUDEN 7 ECJ-1VB1C104K 2 C11,C12 PCC1762CT CAP SMD0603 CERM 0.1UFD 16V 10% X7R ROHS DIGI-KEY PANASONIC 8 GRM185R61A105KE36D 2 C1,C2 490-3893-1 CAP SMD0603 CERM 1.0UFD 10V 10% X5R ROHS DIGI-KEY MURATA RESISTOR SMD0603 100K OHM 5% THICK FILM 1/10W ROHS DIGI-KEY PANASONIC RESISTORS R5 P100KGCT 1 R4 311-1.00KHRCT RESISTOR SMD0603 THICK FILM 1.00K OHM 1% 1/10W ROHS DIGI-KEY YAGEO 2 R100,R101 P0.0GCT RESISTOR SMD0603 0.0 OHM 5% THICK FILM 1/10W ROHS DIGI-KEY PANASONIC TOKO JAPAN TOKO JAPAN DIGI-KEY TDK 9 ERJ-3GEYJ104V 1 10 RC0603FR-071KL 11 ERJ-3GEY0R00V INDUCTORS 12 1239AS-H-2R2N=P2 1 L1 13 MMSZ5235BT1 (0) DNP D1 14 MPZ2012S101A 2 FB1,FB2 1239AS-H-2R2N=P2 INDUCTOR POWER SMD1008 2.2uH RDC=80mOHMS 2.3A DFE252012C ROHS ZENER DIODE,6.8V,SMT SOD-123 445-1567-1 FERRITE BEAD, 100 Ohms 4A 100MHz SM0805 ROHS SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated 9 Reference www.ti.com Table 1. TPA2025D1EVM Bill of Materials (continued) ITEM MANU PARTNUM QTY REF DESIGNATORS VENDOR PARTNUM DESCRIPTION 15 26630301RP2 1 AGC 2663S-03 16 26630201RP2 1 JP SE 2663S-02 17 PJRAN1X1U01X 1 IN VENDOR MANUFACTURER HEADER 3 PIN, PCB 2.0MM ROHS DIGI-KEY NORCOMP HEADER 2 PIN, PCB 2.0MM ROHS DIGI-KEY NORCOMP 65K7770 JACK, RCA 3-PIN PCB-RA BLACK ROHS NEWARK SWITCHCRAFT SP2-001E SHUNT, BLACK AU FLASH 2 MM ROHS DIGI-KEY NORCOMP HEADERS, JACKS, AND SHUNTS 18 810-002-SP2L001 2 JP SE, AGC (1) TESTPOINTS AND SWITCHES 19 5002 1 FLT OUT- 5002K PC TESTPOINT, WHITE, ROHS DIGI-KEY KEYSTONE ELECTRONICS 20 5001 2 TP1 GND,TP2 GND 5001K PC TESTPOINT, BLACK, ROHS DIGI-KEY KEYSTONE ELECTRONICS 21 5000 1 FLT OUT+ 5000K PC TESTPOINT, RED, ROHS DIGI-KEY KEYSTONE ELECTRONICS 22 TL1015AF160QG 1 S1 EG4344CT SWITCH, MOM, 160G SMT 4X3MM ROHS DIGI-KEY E-SWITCH 23 2027 4 SO1,SO2,SO3,SO4 2027K STANDOFF,4-40,0.5INx3/16IN,ALUM RND F-F DIGI-KEY KEYSTONE ELECTRONICS 24 111-2223-001 4 GND, VDD, OUT+, OUT- J587 BINDING-POST,NONINS,THRU,ROHS DIGI-KEY EMERSON NPCS 25 R0603_DNP 2 R7, R8 26 C0603_DNP 2 C4, C6 STANDOFFS AND HARDWARE COMPONENTS NOT ASSEMBLED (1) 10 Place Shunts Only On Pin2 of JP SE and on Pin3 of AGC SLOU310 – September 2011 Submit Documentation Feedback TPA2025D1 Audio Power Amplifier Evaluation Module Copyright © 2011, Texas Instruments Incorporated Evaluation Board/Kit Important Notice Texas Instruments (TI) provides the enclosed product(s) under the following conditions: This evaluation board/kit is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not considered by TI to be a finished end-product fit for general consumer use. 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It generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and has not been tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against radio frequency interference. Operation of this equipment in other environments may cause interference with radio communications, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct this interference. EVM Warnings and Restrictions It is important to operate this EVM within the input voltage range of –0.3 V to 6 V and the output voltage range of –0.3 V to VDD +0.3 V . Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible damage to the EVM. If there are questions concerning the input range, please contact a TI field representative prior to connecting the input power. Applying loads outside of the specified output range may result in unintended operation and/or possible permanent damage to the EVM. Please consult the EVM User's Guide prior to connecting any load to the EVM output. If there is uncertainty as to the load specification, please contact a TI field representative. During normal operation, some circuit components may have case temperatures greater than 85°C. The EVM is designed to operate properly with certain components above 85°C as long as the input and output ranges are maintained. These components include but are not limited to linear regulators, switching transistors, pass transistors, and current sense resistors. These types of devices can be identified using the EVM schematic located in the EVM User's Guide. When placing measurement probes near these devices during operation, please be aware that these devices may be very warm to the touch. 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