Hartcran House, 231 Kenton Lane, Harrow, Middlesex, HA3 8RP, England Tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595, Fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 2233, www.radiometrix.com M1144 Issue 1, 4 December 2014 Mesh Networked Alarm Control System These simple application boards constitute a bidirectional Mesh networked remote control system. Each board has 1-input, 1-output, a 4bit global address and a 4-bit Unit ID (hence "M1144"). A complete system consists of a master board (which initiates communication burst cycles) and up to 15 slave units. Any input activation on any slave (or the master) closes the relays on all units on the system. This makes the M1144 an ideal platform for an alarm system. Figure 1: M1144 application boards Features 4-bit Global address, 4-bit Slave Unit ID selectable via 8-way DIP switch 1 Master, 15 Slave Units per site Unlimited number of drone receiver/decoders Usable with any BiM footprint radios (up to 100mW) with a switching & settling time of <10ms 5VDC 44mA or 12VDC 18mA relay to control devices rated up to 8A 250VAC or 5A 30VDC Alarm response time <1s to 16s (worst case for whole network) Frame synchronisation codes, check sums and address are used to prevent false triggering 3.6kbps bi-phase data packet encodes the alarm status and presence of each slave unit on the network 1.65% (132ms in 8s) Transmit Duty Cycle per slave unit 8.8% (704ms in 8s) Maximum Radio Channel Occupancy per system Visual LED indication of communication status and relay state 4-times greater operating radius compared to a point-to-point system, using the same radio module Logic or Switch input for momentary control of relay 3.5mA average current (e.g. 34 weeks operating life from 6xD cells) Simple “plug-and-play” setup. No complex programming needed Applications Security and Alarm systems Emergency assistance call system Status reporting and monitoring systems RF Remote control systems Industrial controls Kit Contents The M1144 Application kit is supplied with the following contents: 1 1 2 2 M1144 Encoder/Decoder Master board M1144 Encoder/Decoder Slave board Radiometrix Transceiver module (ordered separately) 1/4-wavelength UHF monopole or VHF helical antennas depending on module frequency Additional requirement External DC power supply Radiometrix Ltd M1144 Application Boards page 1 M1144 controller and application board M1144 allows a network which is star based but 4-hops in all directions to enable a network which is 4 times as large as a standard simple star network. The boards are the same for both master and slave, it is just the M1444 firmware which is different for a master or a slave. Common features and characteristics of the M1144 boards Interfaces Relay Output (RLA1) JP1 JP5 JP7 Input JP2 RF 8A 250VAC rated SPDT change-over relay (5V or 12V coils to order) 3.81mm pitch 3-way 2 part "Phoenix" type terminal (COM NC NO) Open Drain switch instead of relay (optional) 4 pin ancillary connector (+5V, AUX1, AUX2, GND) Active low logic input. Pull-up to 5V, and protection diodes provided 3.81mm pitch 2-way 2 part "Phoenix" type terminal): Compatible with Normally Open (NO) Volt-Free Closing Contact No Jumper – Default OD28 binary serial output mode Jumper fitted - ASCII diagnostic stream Unused 8-way DIP Switches Bits 7-4 Global Address Bits 3-0 Sending Unit Local ID 12VDC and 5VDC versions available 3.81mm pitch 2 way 2 part "Phoenix" type terminal 40mA peak (plus 18mA/44mA relay coil current if activated) 3.5mA average current (relay off, using 10mW BiM1-173.225-10) Right-angled SMA or MCX socket (or optional terminal block) Indicators D1 D2, D3 Relay state Red LED Communication Link Status Red LEDs JP4 JP4A S1 Power JP3 M1144 control chip 28-pin PIC16F883-I/SP Extreme current saving measures Clock Timer 1 Data rate Addressing 10MHz (ceramic resonator) 32.768kHz watch crystal 3.6kbps Biphase coded burst User selectable 4-bit Global Address User selectable 4-bit Sending Unit Local ID Response time <1s to 16s (worst case for whole network) Switchable pull-ups on DIP switch Very low quiescent current 5V 100mA/250mA LDO linear regulator Size 76 x 63 x 16mm (excluding connectors) (four 3.3mm diameter mounting holes are provided) Operating temperature -20ºC to +70ºC (some radios may be limited to -10ºC to +55ºC) (Storage -30ºC to +70ºC) Radio modules Compatible BiM pinout transceiver 10mW BiM1-173.225-10 (UK) 100mW BiM1-151.300-10 (Australia) 10mW NiM2B-434.650-10 (EU) 25mW NiM2B-458.700-10-25mW (UK) 5mW BiM3G-869.85-10 (EU) Not compatible with RDL2 or 500mW BiM3H or BiM1H due to 10ms preamble transmission and regulator current limitations Radiometrix Ltd M1144 Application Boards page 2 LED Indications Master LEDs D1 (bottom) D2 (left) D3 (right) In Lock Relay Activated Short Blink Regular Long Blink Slave LEDs D1 (bottom) D2 (left) D3 (right) In Lock Relay Activated Short Blinks Various Blinks Drone LEDs D1 (bottom) D2 (left) D3 (right) In Lock Relay Activated Very Short Blink Long ON/OFF Cycle No Comms OFF Regular Blink No Comms OFF Constant ON No Comms OFF Constant ON Figure 2: M1144 Board Component Layout Radiometrix Ltd M1144 Application Boards page 3 Operational Description In an M1144 system, timing is everything. Data is only transmitted in carefully defined and synchronised timing "slots". The primary reference for this timing is generated by the Master unit, and is received (and re-sent) by the slave units to provide a consistent time reference across the whole network. A slave unit without valid synchronisation cannot transmit. The diagram (below) shows how the system timings are arranged. Preamble Slot 15 Slot 14 Frame 7 Framing Sequence Slot 13 Slot 12 Checksum Slot 11 Slot 10 50ms long Slot Burst Address Unit ID 1s long Frame Slot Slot Slot Slot 9 8 7 6 800ms long Slots Slot 5 Alarm Slot 4 Slot 3 Slot 2 Status Slot 1 Slot Dead 0 Time 200ms 8s long Group Frame 6 Frame 5 Frame 4 Frame 3 Frame 2 Frame 1 Frame 0 Returning Reply Frames Outgoing Synchronisation Frames Figure 3: M1144 Synchronised data burst slots of each slave and frame transmission in a group The basic timing element is a 50ms "slot" (into which a single transmission packet fits, with some margin for error). 16 slots (and 200ms of inactive dead-time) make an 800ms frame. Each slot in a frame is assigned to a specific slave unit ID number. A unit can only ever transmit in its assigned slot. (slot zero is never used) Eight frames make up an 8 second group, although it is easier to consider the first four "synchronisation" frames and the second four "reply" frames as almost separate things. Imagine a system starting from "cold": In the first frame (zero), the master sends out a synchronising message. This sets the timing "clock" for all slaves in range (these units we refer to as "zone 1 units". In frame one, all these units re-transmit a sync message. Units receiving any of these frame 1 messages, but out of range of the master, are the "zone 2" units In frame two, the zone two units transmit, and are heard by units further out (out of rnage of both master and zone 1 slaves), which constitute zone three. Finally, in frame three the zone three slaves themselves transmit, to the furthest distant units, in zone four. Zone four units do not transmit a sync message. They wait until frame four and transmit the first generation of "reply" messages, which are received by the zone three slaves. In frame five, these units transmit their reply message to zone two, which then transmit to zone 1 in frame six, and finally in frame seven the zone 1 units transmit to the master. In this way, you can see that transmitted data radiates outwards (like the ripples in a pond) in frames 0-3, and "bounces back" inwards in frames 4-7. Reply message bursts carry alarm, and "unit present on system" information from the network back to the master. On re-sending a reply burst, each slave unit adds its own information to the message Synchronisation messages carry timing information out through the network, but also contain the sum of all the network alarm and status information as received by the master in the previous frame. This is critically important, as the previous-frame network data contained in the synchronising messages allows every unit (slave, drone or master) to act on any alarm input, and allows every unit to output the same serial data on its auxiliary port Radiometrix Ltd M1144 Application Boards page 4 ML1144 timings and battery consumption The battery consumption is very important in this system and the synchronising system used allows the units to maximise battery life. For example, take the worst case, zone 2 or 3 radio, identity number 15. Idle current is approximately 100μA at 4.65 seconds in every 8 second group = 0.06mA contribution TX contribution: 750ms at 2.4mA (processing) 44ms TX actually ON, at 29mA three times over RX contribution: 850ms at 9mA (main listen) 100ms at 12mA (sync listen, LED on) = 1.197mA = 2.36mA In worst case sync (receiving a sync from a zone 2 unit with slave ID of 14) the sync listen contribution alone rises by 0.9mA, giving us 3.26mA total current. So an average current would be around 3.5mA. 3.5mA on 20Ah Alkaline battery (6 x D) will last 5700 hours: which is 34 weeks (over eight months) (A PP3 battery will run the unit for a week) Response time Alarm "on" activation is faster than "alarm off" (for obvious safety reasons). Whenever a unit receives either a sync or reply message with any alarm state bit set, it will enter the "alarm on" state and activate its relay. This means that when a unit is activated, the closest units to it (the ones in range) will go into alarm mode as soon as they receive its transmitted message. This will occur within one group, and possibly within the same frame if the activation precedes the unit's slot. This is the fastest possible response time for the system. Generally the worst case should be considered: the time for a unit in zone 4 to alarm in response to the activation of another zone 4 unit, on the "other side" of the network. In this case, the data bit must propagate in to the master (4 frames) and out again (4 frames): 8 seconds, but to this we must add the even worse situation, that the activation occurs just after the unit's assigned slot: in this case a whole group will tick past before the activated unit will get to transmit its "new" data ... so 16 seconds will elapse. Setting These units are supplied in "slave" and "master" varieties. To maximise operating area, the master should be located in the middle of the site. The high order 4 DIP switch bits are the 4 bit global (site) address. This must be the same on all units in a system. Each unit on system must have a unique number. The local ID on a master should be set at 0000 Local Slave ID numbers (low order DIP switch) must be set between 1 and 15. Local ID of zero on a slave unit is a special case, turning the unit into a "drone" A drone listens but does not send data. This is useful where you want to have an indicator only like a siren but no push button alert. It is also useful if you use the AUX1 serial output pin to look at the data on the system. If the data is fed into a board which contains an OD28 output decoder chip it allows the user to display LED indicators of which unit has activated. The OD28 ICs can be purchased separately to enhance the system. Serial link A serial link via JP7 AUX1 is provided which has two modes: 1) If the JP4 jumper link nearest the radio module is fitted, the DataStream is a human-readable ASCII diagnostic stream of 1s and 0s indicating status of the system and each cycle outputs effectively the message which is being sent to the system from the master 2) If jumper is removed a special OD28 binary stream is sent every cycle and therefore is used by Radiometrix Ltd M1144 Application Boards page 5 systems with the OD28 board for indication purposes. The OD28 allows the user to see units present and alarm states in the form of LED indicators. Figure 5: M1144 Application Board Schematics Radiometrix Ltd M1144 Application Boards page 6 Ordering Information Part No. Version M1144-173.225-BiM1-M Master control board M1144-173.225-BiM1-S Slave control board Other VHF frequency variants can be supplied if required. Frequency (MHz) 173.225 173.225 M1144-434.650-NiM2B-M Master control board M1144-434.650-NIM2B-S Slave control board M1144-458.700-NiM2B-M-25mW Master control board M1144-458.700-NIM2B-S-25mW Slave control board Other UHF frequency variants can be supplied if required. 434.650 434.650 458.700 458.700 Note: For details relating to the radio module fitted on board, see relevant data sheet http://www.radiometrix.com/files/additional/bim1.pdf http://www.radiometrix.com/files/additional/nim2b.pdf Frequencies and options The mater and slave units can take any of the Radiometrix 10mW-100mW VHF/UHF transceiver units which have a BiM footprint and switching and settling time of less than 10ms, thereby offering a number of frequency and power options. Call sales on +44 20 8909 9595 to see what frequencies and power levels are available in your country. Radiometrix Ltd M1144 Application Boards page 7 Radiometrix Ltd Hartcran House 231 Kenton Lane Harrow, Middlesex HA3 8RP ENGLAND Tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595 Fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 2233 [email protected] www.radiometrix.com Copyright notice This product data sheet is the original work and copyrighted property of Radiometrix Ltd. Reproduction in whole or in part must give clear acknowledgement to the copyright owner. Limitation of liability The information furnished by Radiometrix Ltd is believed to be accurate and reliable. Radiometrix Ltd reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its subassembly products without notice. Radiometrix Ltd does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. This data sheet neither states nor implies warranty of any kind, including fitness for any particular application. These radio devices may be subject to radio interference and may not function as intended if interference is present. We do NOT recommend their use for life critical applications. The Intrastat commodity code for all our modules is: 8542 6000 R&TTE Directive After 7 April 2001 the manufacturer can only place finished product on the market under the provisions of the R&TTE Directive. Equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive may demonstrate compliance to the essential requirements specified in Article 3 of the Directive, as appropriate to the particular equipment. Further details are available on The Office of Communications (Ofcom) web site: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/technical/rtte/ Information Requests Ofcom Riverside House 2a Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 9HA Tel: +44 (0)20 7981 3000 Fax: +44 (0)20 7981 3333 www.ofcom.org.uk European Radiocommunications Office (ERO) Peblingehus Nansensgade 19 DK 1366 Copenhagen Tel. +45 33896300 Fax +45 33896330 [email protected] www.ero.dk