Intersil EL7584IR 4-channel dc:dc converter Datasheet

EL7584
®
Data Sheet
February 4, 2005
4-Channel DC/DC Converter
Features
The EL7584 is a 4-channel DC/DC converter IC which is
designed primarily for use in TFT-LCD applications. The
boost converter has 2V to 14V input capability and provides
5V to 17V output, which powers the column drivers and
provides up to 370mA @ 15V. A pair of charge pump control
circuits provide outputs to allow the external generation of
VON and VOFF supplies at 5V to 40V and 0V to -40V,
respectively, each at up to 60mA for VBOOST = 15V. The
VCOM buffer provides up to 50mA continuous output current
from 2V to 13V.
• TFT-LCD display supply
- Boost regulator
- VCOM buffer
- VON charge pump
- VOFF charge pump
The EL7584 features adjustable switching frequency and onchip power sequence to simplify start-up operation. A
separate input is available to externally increase the default
delay of the positive charge pump. An over-temperature
feature is provided to allow the IC to be automatically
protected from excessive power dissipation.
The EL7584 is available in a 24-pin TSSOP package and is
specified for operation over the full -40°C to +85°C
temperature range.
FN7317.2
• 2V to 14V VIN supply
• 5V < VBOOST < 17V
• 2V < VCOM < 13V
• 5V < VON < 40V
• -40V < VOFF < 0V
• VBOOST = 15V @ 370mA
• High frequency, small inductor DC/DC boost circuit
• Over 90% efficient DC/DC boost converter capability
• Built-in power-up sequence with adjustable VON delay
• Adjustable frequency
• Adjustable soft-start
Pinout
• Adjustable outputs
EL7584
(24-PIN TSSOP)
TOP VIEW
• Over-temperature protection
• Small parts count
SS
1
24 VSSB
• Pb-free available (RoHS compliant)
FBB
2
23 ROSC
Applications
EN
3
22 VREF
• TFT-LCD panels
VDDB
4
21 PGND
• PDAs
LX1
5
20 PGND
Ordering Information
LX2
6
19 VSSP
VSSN
7
18 DRVP
DRVN
8
VDDN
9
PART
NUMBER
PACKAGE
TAPE & REEL PKG. DWG. #
EL7584IR
24-Pin TSSOP
-
MDP0044
17 VDDP
EL7584IR-T7
24-Pin TSSOP
7”
MDP0044
16 FBP
EL7584IR-T13
24-Pin TSSOP
13”
MDP0044
FBN 10
15 VSSC
EL7584IRZ
(See Note)
24-Pin TSSOP
(Pb-free)
-
MDP0044
DP 11
14 VCOM
EL7584IRZ-T7
(See Note)
24-Pin TSSOP
(Pb-free)
7”
MDP0044
INC 12
13 VDDC
EL7584IRZ24-Pin TSSOP
T13 (See Note)
(Pb-free)
13”
MDP0044
NOTE: Intersil Pb-free products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding
compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish, which are
RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations.
Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that
meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2003. All Rights Reserved. Elantec is a registered trademark of Elantec Semiconductor, Inc.
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
EL7584
Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = 25°C)
LX Pin Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18V
VDDB, VDDP, VDDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18V
VDDC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5V
Maximum Continuous VBOOST Output Current. . . . . . . . . . . 800mA
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Ambient Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C
Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Curves
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
IMPORTANT NOTE: All parameters having Min/Max specifications are guaranteed. Typ values are for information purposes only. Unless otherwise noted, all tests are
at the specified temperature and are pulsed tests, therefore: TJ = TC = TA
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
VIN = 3.3V, VBOOST = 12V, ROSC = 62kΩ, TA = 25°C, Unless Otherwise Specified.
DESCRIPTION
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
DC/DC BOOST CONVERTER
IQ1_B
Quiescent Current - Shut-down
EN = 0V
0.8
10
µA
IQ2_B
Quiescent Current - Switching
EN = VDDB
4.8
8
mA
V(FBB)
Feedback Voltage
1.275
1.300
1.325
V
VREF
Reference Voltage
1.260
1.310
1.360
V
VROSC
Oscillator Set Voltage
1.260
1.325
1.390
V
I(FBB)
Feedback Input Bias Current
VDDB
Boost Converter Supply Range
2
DMAX
Maximum Duty Cycle
85
I(LX)MAX
Peak Internal FET Current
RDS-ON
Switch On Resistance
at VBOOST = 10V, I(LX) total = 350mA
ILEAK-SWITCH
Switch Leakage Current
I(LX) total
VBOOST
Output Range
VBOOST > VIN + VDIODE
∆VBOOST/∆VIN
Line Regulation
2.7V < VIN < 13.2V, VBOOST = 15V
0.1
%
∆VBOOST/∆IO1
Load Regulation
50mA < IO1 < 250mA
0.5
%
FOSC-RANGE
Frequency Range
ROSC range = 240kΩ to 60kΩ
200
FOSC1
Switching Frequency
ROSC = 62kΩ
900
0.1
µA
17
V
92
%
1.75
A
0.22
Ω
5
1000
1
µA
17
V
1200
kHz
1100
kHz
15
V
VCOM BUFFER
VDDC
Supply Voltage Range
IQ1, VDDC
VDDC Disable Current
VDDC = 12V, EN = 0V
5.5
20
µA
IQ2, VDDC
VDDC Enable Current
VDDC = 12V, VEN = VDDB, no load
1.7
5
mA
VCOM-offset
Accuracy of VCOM Output Voltage
2V < VCOM < (VDDC - 2V)
-10
+10
mV
I(INC)
VCOM Input Bias Currents
Current magnitude
-0.1
0.1
µA
RO(VCOM)
VCOM Output Impedance
VDDC = VBOOST = 12V, VCOM = 6V with
-100mA < ILOAD < 100mA
CLOAD for VCOM > 0.47µF, MLCC
ICOM(max)
Output Current Limit
PSRR
Supply Voltage Rejection
VINC = VDDC/2, 9V < VDDC < 15V
CMRR
Common Mode Voltage Rejection
VDDC = 12V, 2V < VINC < 10V
2
6
0.01
0.25
Ω
150
mA
60
102
dB
60
93
dB
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Electrical Specifications
PARAMETER
VIN = 3.3V, VBOOST = 12V, ROSC = 62kΩ, TA = 25°C, Unless Otherwise Specified. (Continued)
DESCRIPTION
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
POSITIVE REGULATED CHARGE PUMP (VON)
Most positive VON output depends on the magnitude of the VDDP input voltage (normally connected to VBOOST) and the external component
configuration (doubler or tripler)
VDDP
Supply Input for Positive Charge Pump
Usually connected to VBOOST output
IQ1(VDDP)
Quiescent Current - Shut-down
EN = 0V
IQ2(VDDP)
Quiescent Current - Switching
EN = VDDB
IDP1
Disable Charge Current
EN = 0V, DP = 0V
IDP2
Enable Discharge Current
EN = VDDB, DP = 5V
V(FBP)
Feedback Reference Voltage
I(FBP)
Feedback Input Bias Current
I(DRVP)
RMS DRVP Output Current
5
17
V
11.5
20
µA
2.3
5
mA
1.5
1.9
2.5
mA
100
200
300
nA
1.245
1.310
1.375
V
VDDP = 12V
VDDP = 6V
ILR_VON
Load Regulation
5mA < IL < 15mA
FPUMP
Charge Pump Frequency
Frequency set by ROSC - see boost section
0.1
µA
60
mA
15
-0.5
mA
0.03
0.5
%/mA
0.5*FOSC
NEGATIVE REGULATED CHARGE PUMP (VOFF)
Most negative VOFF output depends on the magnitude of the VDDN input voltage (normally connected to VBOOST) and the external component
configuration (doubler or tripler)
VDDN
Supply Input for Negative Charge Pump
Usually connected to VBOOST output
5
IQ1(VDDN)
Quiescent Current - Shut-down
ENBN = 0V
IQ2(VDDN)
Quiescent Current - Switching
ENBN = VDDB
V(FBN)
Feedback Reference Voltage
I(FBN)
Feedback Input Bias Current
Magnitude of input bias
0.1
µA
I(DRVN)
RMS DRVN Output Current
VDDN = 12V
60
mA
-80
VDDN = 6V
ILR_VOFF
Load Regulation
-15mA < IL < -5mA
FPUMP
Charge Pump Frequency
Frequency set by ROSC - see boost section
17
V
4.5
20
µA
2.3
5
mA
0
+80
mV
15
-0.5
mA
0.03
0.5
%/mA
0.5*FOSC
ENABLE CONTROL LOGIC
VHI-EN
Enable Input High Threshold
VLO-EN
Enable Input Low Threshold
I(EN)
Enable Input Bias Current
1.6
VEN = 5V
V
3.7
0.5
V
7.5
µA
OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION
TOT
Over-temperature Threshold
130
°C
THYS
Over-temperature Hysteresis
40
°C
3
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Pin Descriptions
I = Input, O = Output, S = Supply
PIN NUMBER
PIN NAME
PIN TYPE
PIN FUNCTION
1
SS
I
Soft-Start input: a capacitor determines the current limit ramp time.
2
FBB
I
Voltage feedback input determines the value of VBOOST.
3
EN
I
Starts internal power sequencing of VBOOST, VOFF, VCOM and VON outputs
(See Applications Information) ; active HIGH input.
4
VDDB
P
Positive supply for VBOOST DC/DC controller.
5
LX1
O
Boost inductor saturating MOSFET #1.
6
LX2
O
Boost inductor saturating MOSFET #2.
7
VSSN*
P
Ground return for VOFF regulator.
8
DRVN
O
Pump capacitor driver for VOFF regulator.
9
VDDN
P
Positive supply for VOFF regulator.
10
FBN
I
Voltage feedback input determines the value of VOFF.
11
DP
I
An external capacitor increases VON power up delay time.
12
INC
I
VCOM Buffer input.
13
VDDC
P
Positive supply for VCOM Buffer.
14
VCOM
O
VCOM Buffer output.
15
VSSC*
P
Ground return for VCOM Buffer.
16
FBP
I
Voltage feedback input determines the value of VON.
17
VDDP
P
Positive supply for VON regulator.
18
DRVP
O
Pump capacitor driver for VON regulator.
19
VSSP*
P
Ground return for VON regulator.
20
PGND*
P
Ground return for MOSFET #1.
21
PGND*
P
Ground return for MOSFET #2.
22
VREF
O
Voltage reference for VOFF feedback .
23
ROSC
I
An external resistor sets the DC/DC switching frequency.
24
VSSB*
P
Ground return for VBOOST DC/DC controller.
NOTE: *VSSB, VSSC, VSSN, VSSP, and PGND (2) are shorted internally to the device substrate.
4
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Typical Performance Curves
95
95
90
15V
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
9V
80
9V
90
5V
85
12V
75
70
65
12V
85
15V
80
75
70
60
65
VIN=3.3V
FREQ=1MHz
55
VIN=5V
FREQ=1MHz
60
50
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
100
200
300
FIGURE 1. EFFICIENCY vs IOUT
600
700
800
FIGURE 2. EFFICIENCY vs IOUT
95
95
90
90
5V
85
9V
12V
15V
80
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
500
IOUT (mA)
IOUT (mA)
75
70
65
12V
15V
85
9V
80
75
70
65
VIN=3.3V
FREQ=700kHz
60
VIN=5V
FREQ=700kHz
60
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
100
200
IOUT (mA)
300
400
500
600
700
800
IOUT (mA)
FIGURE 3. EFFICIENCY vs IOUT
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs IOUT
1.27
970
ROSC = 61.9kΩ
969
1.265
968
VOLTAGE (V)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
400
967
966
965
1.26
1.255
964
963
962
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
VDDB (V)
FIGURE 5. FS vs VDDB
5
5.5
6
1.25
-50
0
50
100
150
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 6. VREF vs TEMPERATURE
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)
1.5
f=675kHz, VIN=5.0V
1.5
1.0
LOAD REGULATION (%)
LOAD REGULATION (%)
1.0
f=675kHz, VIN=3.3V
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
18V
-1.5
0
100
200
300
15V
12V
0.0
-0.5
15V
-1.0
18V
9V
12V
700
600
0
100
200
300
f=1MHz, VIN=5.0V
1.5
1.0
500
600
700
800
f=1MHz, VIN=3.3V
1.0
LOAD REGULATION (%)
LOAD REGULATION (%)
400
FIGURE 8. LOAD REGULATION vs IOUT
FIGURE 7. LOAD REGULATION vs IOUT
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
18V
9V
12V
0
100
200
300
500
400
0.5
0.0
-0.5
15V 12V
-1.0
9V
18V
15V
-1.5
600
5V
-1.5
700
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
IOUT (mA)
IOUT (mA)
FIGURE 9. LOAD REGULATION vs IOUT
FIGURE 10. LOAD REGULATION vs IOUT
6.5
20
19
VDDN = 15V
6
VDDP = 15V
VDDN = 12V
5.5
18
VDDP = 12V
VOFF (-V)
VON (V)
5V
IOUT (mA)
IOUT (mA)
1.5
9V
-1.5
500
400
0.5
17
5
16
4.5
15
4
3.5
14
0
10
20
30
40
50
ILOAD (mA)
FIGURE 11. VON vs ION
6
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ILOAD (mA)
FIGURE 12. VOFF vs IOFF
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)
1400
f(MHz)=1/(0.0118 ROSC+0.378)
6
SWITCHING PERIOD (µs)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
SWITCHING PERIOD(µs)=0.0118 ROSC+0.378)
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
ROSC (kΩ)
100K & 0.1µF DELAY NETWORK ON ENP, CSS=0.1µF
5V/DIV
VBOOST
5V/DIV
10V/DIV
VON
VON
VOFF
200ms/DIV
FIGURE 15. POWER-DOWN
VIN=3.3V, VOUT=11.3V, IOUT=50mA
FIGURE 17. LX WAVEFORM - DISCONTINUOUS MODE
7
450
100K & 0.1µF DELAY NETWORK ON ENP, CSS=0.1µF
VBOOST
2V/DIV
400
FIGURE 14. FS vs ROSC
FIGURE 13. FS vs ROSC
10V/DIV
350
ROSC (kΩ)
2V/DIV
VOFF
1ms/DIV
FIGURE 16. POWER-UP
VIN=3.3V, VOUT=11.3V, IOUT=250mA
FIGURE 18. LX WAVEFORM - CONTINUOUS MODE
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)
JEDEC JESD51-7 HIGH EFFECTIVE THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY TEST BOARD
JEDEC JESD51-3 LOW EFFECTIVE THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY TEST BOARD
0.9
0.8
1.2
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
POWER DISSIPATION (W)
1.4
1.176W
TS
SO
θ
JA
P2
=8
4
5°
C/
W
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
781mW
0.7
0.6
θ
JA
0.5
0.4
TS
SO
P2
=1
4
28
°C
/W
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0
25
75 85
50
100
0
125
25
50
75 85
100
125
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
FIGURE 19. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION vs AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 20. PACKAGE POWER DISSIPATION vs AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE
Functional Block Diagram
VOUT
10µH
R2
R1
13kΩ
VIN
110kΩ
49Ω
10µF
10µF
0.1µF
FBB
VDDB
LX
MAX_DUTY
ROSC
R3
62kΩ
REFERENCE
GENERATOR
VREF
VRAMP
PWM
LOGIC
PWM
COMPARATOR
0.22Ω
EN
12µA
+
START-UP
OSCILLATOR
ILOUT
VSSB
7.2K
160mΩ
SS
PGND
0.1µF
8
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Applications Information
Steady-State Operation
The EL7584 is high efficiency multiple output power solution
designed specifically for thin-film transistor (TFT) liquid
crystal display (LCD) applications. The device contains one
high current boost converter and two low power charge
pumps (VON and VOFF).
When the output reaches the preset voltage, the regulator
operates at steady state. Depending on the input/output
condition and component, the inductor operates at either
continuous-conduction mode or discontinuous-conduction
mode.
The boost converter contains an integrated N-channel
MOSFET to minimize the number of external components.
The converter output voltage can be set from 5V to 18V with
external resistors. The VON and VOFF charge pumps are
independently regulated to positive and negative voltages
using external resistors. Output voltages as high as 40V can
be achieved with additional capacitors and diodes.
In the continuous-conduction mode, the inductor current is a
triangular waveform and LX voltage a pulse waveform. In the
discontinuous-conduction mode, the inductor current is
completely ‘dried-out’ before the MOSFET is turned on
again. The input voltage source, the inductor, and the
MOSFET and output diode parasitic capacitors forms a
resonant circuit. Oscillation will occur in this period. This
oscillation is normal and will not affect the regulation.
Boost Converter
The boost converter operates in constant frequency pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) mode. Quiescent current for the
EL7584 is only 5mA when enabled, and since only the low
side MOSFET is used, switch drive current is minimized.
90% efficiency is achieved in most common application
operating conditions.
A functional block diagram with typical circuit configuration is
shown on previous page. Regulation is performed by the
PWM comparator which regulates the output voltage by
comparing a divided output voltage with an internal
reference voltage. The PWM comparator outputs its result to
the PWM logic. The PWM logic switches the MOSFET on
and off through the gate drive circuit. Its switching frequency
is external adjustable with a resistor from timing control pin
(ROSC) to ground. The boost converter has 200kHz to
1.2MHz operating frequency range.
At very low load, the MOSFET will skip pulse sometimes.
This is normal.
Current Limit
The MOSFET is current limited to <1.75Amps (nominal).
This restricts the maximum output current IOMAX based on
the following formula:
V IN
I OMAX =  I LMT – ∆L
------- × --------

VO
2
where:
• ∆IL is the inductor peak-to-peak current ripple and is
decided by:
V IN D
∆I L = --------- × ------L
FS
Start-Up
• D is the MOSFET turn-on radio and is decided by:
After VDDB reaches a threshold of about 2V, the power
MOSFET is controlled by the start-up oscillator, which
generates fixed duty-ratio of 0.5 - 0.7 at a frequency of
several hundred kilohertz. This will boost the output voltage,
providing the initial output current load is not too great
(<250mA).
V O - V IN
D = ----------------------VO
• FS is the switching frequency.
When VDDB reaches about 3.7V, the PWM comparator
takes over the control. The duty ratio will be decided by the
multiple-input direct summing comparator, Max_Duty signal
(about 90% duty-ratio), and the Current Limit Comparator,
whichever is the smallest.
The soft-start is provided by the current limit comparator. As
the internal 12µA current source charges the external softstart capacitor, the peak MOSFET current is limited by the
voltage on the capacitor. This in turn controls the rising rate
of output voltage.
The regulator goes through the start-up sequence as well
after the EN signal is pulled to HI.
9
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
The following table gives typical values:
(Margins are considered 10%, 3%, 20%, 10%, and 15% on
VIN, VO, L, FS, and ILMT, respectively)
TABLE 1. MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OUTPUT CURRENT
VIN (V)
VO (V)
L (µH)
FS (kHz)
IOMAX (mA)
3.3
9
10
1000
430
3.3
12
10
1000
320
3.3
15
10
1000
250
5
9
10
1000
650
5
12
10
1000
470
5
15
10
1000
370
12
18
10
1000
830
Component Considerations
Input Capacitor
It is recommended that CIN is larger than 10µF.
Theoretically, the input capacitor has ripple current of ∆IL.
Due to high-frequency noise in the circuit, the input current
ripple may exceed the theoretical value. Larger capacitor will
reduce the ripple further.
Boost Inductor
The inductor has peak and average current decided by:
∆I
I LPK = I LAVG + --------L
2
Schottky Diode
Speed, forward voltage drop, and reverse current are the
three most critical specifications for selecting the Schottky
diode. The entire output current flows through the diode, so
the diode average current is the same as the average load
current and the peak current is the same as the inductor
peak current. When selecting the diode, one must consider
the forward voltage drop at the peak diode current. On the
Elantec demo board, MBRM120 is selected. Its forward
voltage drop is 450mV at 1A forward current.
Output Capacitor
The EL7584 is specially compensated to be stable with
capacitors which have a worst-case minimum value of 10µF
at the particular VOUT being set. Output ripple voltage
requirements also determine the minimum value and the
type of capacitors. Output ripple voltage consists of two
components - the voltage drop caused by the switching
current though the ESR of the output capacitor and the
charging and discharging of the output capacitor:
I OUT
V OUT - V IN
V RIPPLE = I LPK × ESR + ------------------------------- × -----------------------------C
× FS
V
OUT
OUT
For low ESR ceramic capacitors, the output ripple is
dominated by the charging/discharging of the output
capacitor.
In addition to the voltage rating, the output capacitor should
also be able to handle the RMS current is given by:
IO
I LAVG = ------------1-D
The inductor should be chosen to be able to handle this
current. Furthermore, due to the fixed internal
compensation, it is recommended that maximum inductance
of 10µH and 15µH to be used in the 5V and 12V or higher
output voltage, respectively.
The output diode has average current of IO, and peak current
the same as the inductor's peak current. Schottky diode is
recommended and it should be able to handle those currents.
Feedback Resistor Network
An external resistor divider is required to divide the output
voltage down to the nominal reference voltage. Current
drawn by the resistor network should be limited to maintain
the overall converter efficiency. The maximum value of the
resistor network is limited by the feedback input bias current
and the potential for noise being coupled into the feedback
pin. A resistor network in the order of 200kΩ is
recommended. The boost converter output voltage is
determined by the following relationship:
I CORMS =
2


∆I L
1
( 1 - D ) ×  D + ------------------- × ------  × I LAVG

2 12 
I LAVG


Positive and Negative Charge Pump (VON and
VOFF)
The EL7584 contains two independent charge pumps (see
charge pump block and connection diagram.) The negative
charge pump inverts the VDDN supply voltage and provides
a regulated negative output voltage. The positive charge
pump doubles the VDDP supply voltage and provides a
regulated positive output voltage. The regulation of both the
negative and positive charge pumps is generated by the
internal comparator that senses the output voltage and
compares it with and internal reference. The switching
frequency of the charge pump is set to ½ the boost converter
switching frequency.
The pumps use pulse width modulation to adjust the pump
period, depending on the load present. The pumps are shortcircuit protected to 180mA at 12V supply and can provide
15mA to 60mA for 6V to 12V supply.
R1 + R2
V BOOST = --------------------- × V FBB
R1
where VFBB is 1.300V.
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FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Single Stage Charge Pump
VDDN
5V TO
17V
VDDP
5V TO
17V
0.1µF
0.1µF
CCPP
RONP
RONP
DRVN
OSC
DRVP
CCPN
VOFF
RONN
COUT2
RONN
3.3µF
R21
FBN
V
COUT1ON
VSSP
VSSN
2.2µF
FBP
+
+
-
R12
+
-
VFBP
R11
RON IS 30 - 40Ω FOR VDD 6V TO 12V
R22
VREF
Positive Charge Pump Design Considerations
A single stage charge pump is shown above. The maximum
VON output voltage is determined by the following equation:
1
1
V ON ( max ) ≤ 2 × V DDCPP - I OUT × 2 × ( R ONN + R ONP ) - 2 × V DIODE - I OUT × -------------------------------------------- - I OUT × -----------------------------------------------0.5 × F × C
0.5 × F × C
S
CPP
S
OUT1
where:
• RONN and RONP resistance values depend on the VDDP
voltage levels. For 12V supply, RON is typically 33Ω. For
6V supply, RON is typically 45Ω.
If additional stage is required, the LX switching signal is
recommended to drive the additional charge pump diodes.
The drive impedance at the LX switching is typically 150mΩ.
The figure below illustrates an implementation for two-stage
positive charge pump circuit.
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February 4, 2005
EL7584
Two-Stage Positive Charge Pump Circuit
VDDP
VBOOST
(5V-17V)
VLX
RONP
CCPP
DRNP
VON
CCPP
RONN
COUT1
COUT1
VSSP
R12
+
FBP
1.265V
+
-
R11
The maximum VON output voltage for N+1 stage charge pump is:
1
V ON ( max ) ≤ 2 × V DDP - I OUT × 2 × ( R ONN + R ONP ) - 2 × V DIODE - I OUT × -------------------------------------------- - I OUT ×
0.5 × F × C
S
CPP
1
1
1
------------------------------------------------ + N × V LX ( max ) - N ×  2 × V DIODE + I OUT × -------------------------------------------- + I OUT × ------------------------------------------------ 

0.5 × F S × C OUT1
0.5 × F S × C CPP
0.5 × F S × C OUT1 
R11 and R12 set the VON output voltage:
R 11 + R 12
V ON = V FBP × --------------------------R
11
where VFBP is 1.310V.
Negative Charge Pump Design Considerations
The criteria for the negative charge pump is similar to the
positive charge pump. For a single stage charge pump, the
maximum VOFF output voltage is:
1
1
V OFF ( max ) ≥ I OUT × 2 × ( R ONN + R ONP ) + 2 × V DIODE - IOUT × -------------------------------------------- - I OUT × ------------------------------------------------ - V DDN
0.5 × F × C
0.5 × F × C
S
CPN
S
OUT2
Similar to positive charge pump, if additional stage is
required, the LX switching signal is recommended to drive
the additional charge pump diodes. The figure on the next
page shows a two stage negative charge pump circuit.
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FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Two-Stage Negative Charge Pump Circuit
VDDN
5V-17V
VLX
RONP
CCPN
DRVN
RONN
CCPN
VOFF
COUT2
COUT2
VSSN
+
-
R21
FBN
R22
VREF
The maximum VOFF output voltage for N+1 stage charge pump is:
1
1
V OFF ( max ) ≥ I OUT × 2 × ( R ONN + R ONP ) + 2 × V DIODE - I OUT × -------------------------------------------- - I OUT × ------------------------------------------------ 0.5 × F × C
0.5 × F × C
S
CPN
1
1
V DDN - N × V LX ( max ) + N ×  2 × V DIODE + I OUT × -------------------------------------------- + I OUT × ------------------------------------------------ 

0.5 × F S × C CPN
0.5 × F S × C OUT2 
S
OUT2
R21 and R22 determine VOFF output voltage:
R 21
V OFF = -V REF × ---------R
22
where VREF is 1.310V.
The VCOM Buffer
The VCOM buffer is designed to control the voltage on the
back plane of an LCD display. This plane is capacitively
coupled to the pixel drive voltage which alternately cycles
positive and negative at the line rate for the display. Thus the
amplifier must be capable of sourcing and sinking capacitive
pulses of current, which can occasionally be quite large (a
few 100mA for typical applications).
The use of the VCOM Buffer is illustrated in Figure 21. Here,
a voltage, corresponding to the mid-DAC potential, is
generated by a resistive divider and buffered by the
amplifier. The amplifier's stability is designed to be
dominated by the load capacitance, thus for very short
duration pulses (< 1µs) the output capacitor supplies the
current. For longer pulses the VCOM buffer supplies the
current. By virtue of its high transconductance which
progressively increases as more current is drawn, it can
maintain regulation within 5mV as currents up to 50mA are
drawn, while consuming only 1.5mA of quiescent current.
If VBOOST exceeds 15V, VDDC must be protected from overvoltage by including a zener diode between VBOOST and
VDDC.
VBOOST
0.1µF
R32
INC
R31
+ VDDC
- V
SSC
VCOM
VCOM
1µF
CERAMIC
LOW ESR
FIGURE 21. VCOM USED AS A VOLTAGE BUFFER
As with any high performance buffer, there are several
design issues that must be considered when using the part.
These are summarized below.
Good Decoupling of Power Supplies
This is essential for this component and 1µF ceramic low
ESR decoupling capacitors are recommended. These
should be placed close to the pins.
Choice of Output Capacitor
A 1µF ceramic capacitor with low ESR (X5R or X7R type) is
recommended for this amplifier. This capacitor determines
the stability of the amplifier. Reducing it will make the
amplifier less stable, and should be avoided. With a 1µF
capacitor, the unity gain bandwidth of the amplifier is close to
13
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
500kHz when reasonable currents are being drawn. (For
lower load currents, the gain and hence bandwidth
progressively decreases.) This means the active
transconductance is:
2π × 1µF × 500kHz = 3.14S
This high transconductance indicates why it is important to
have a low ESR capacitor.
If:
• ESR * 3.14 > 1
then the capacitor will not force the gain to roll off below
unity, and subsequent poles can affect stability. The
recommended capacitor has an ESR of 10mΩ, but to this
must be added the resistance of the board trace between the
capacitor and the VCOM pin, where the sense connection is
made internally - therefore this should be kept short. Also
ground resistance between the capacitor and the base of R2
must be kept to a minimum. These constraints should be
considered when laying out the PCB.
If the capacitor is increased above 1µF, stability is generally
improved and short pulses of current will cause a smaller
“perturbation” on the VCOM voltage. The speed of response
of the amplifier is however degraded as its bandwidth is
decreased. At capacitor values around 10µF, a subtle
interaction with internal DC gain boost circuitry will decrease
the phase margin and may give rise to some overshoot in
the response. The amplifier will remain stable, though.
Response to High Current Spikes
The VCOM amplifier's output current is limited to 180mA.
This limit level, which is roughly the same for sourcing and
sinking, is included to maintain reliable operation of the part.
It does not necessarily prevent a large temperature rise if the
current is maintained. (In this case the whole chip may be
shut down by the thermal trip to protect functionality.) If the
display occasionally demands current pulses higher than
this limit, the reservoir capacitor will provide the excess and
the amplifier will top the reservoir capacitor back up once the
pulse has stopped. This will happen on the µs time scale in
practical systems and for pulses 2 or 3 times the current
limit, the VCOM voltage will have settled again before the
next line is processed.
Power-Up Sequencing
With the components shown in the application diagram the
on-chip power-up sequencing operates as follows.
When the EN pin is taken to logic 1, the following sequence
is followed by on-chip functions:
and the current capability of these negative charge
pumps (which is rising as VBOOST and hence VDDN
rises.)
2. When VBOOST reaches a voltage such that V(FBB)>
1.13V and VOFF first reaches its required regulation
voltage, the VCOM regulator is enabled and VCOM rises
at a rate determined by the VCOM load capacitor, the load
on VCOM, and the current limit of the VCOM amplifier.
3. When VCOM rises to within 100mV of V(INC), an internal
delay circuit triggers and, for VDDP = 12V, a default delay
of approximately 3.5ms is introduced before the positive
charge pump is then enabled. This delay can be
increased externally by connecting a capacitor between
DP and VSSP. A 1nF capacitor will typically increase the
delay before VON becomes enabled to 80ms.
The enabled states of the on-chip functions become
independent of VBOOST, VOFF, VCOM, and VON once each
is triggered. The chip may be reset by forcing EN to logic 0
and allowing sufficient time for the various supplies to
discharge sufficiently before taking EN to 1 again.
Over-Temperature Protection
An internal temperature sensor continuously monitors the
die temperature. In the event that die temperature exceeds
the thermal trip point, the device will shut down and disable
itself. The upper and lower trip points are typically set to
130°C and 90°C respectively.
PCB Layout Guidelines
Careful layout is critical in the successful operation of the
application. The following layout guidelines are
recommended to achieve optimum performance.
1. VREF and VDDB bypass capacitors should be placed next
to the pins.
2. Place the boost converter diode and inductor close to the
LX pins.
3. Place the boost converter output capacitor close to the
PGND pins.
4. Locate feedback dividers close to their respected
feedback pins to avoid switching noise coupling into the
high impedance node.
5. Place the charge pump feedback resistor network after
the diode and output capacitor node to avoid switching
noise.
6. All low-side feedback resistors should be connected
directly to VSSB. VSSB should be connected to the power
ground at one point only.
A demo board is available to illustrate the proper layout
implementation.
1. The boost circuit and negative charge pumps are
enabled. VBOOST rises at a rate set by the boost load
capacitor, the external load, and the boost’s current limit
(controlled by the SS pin input.) Similarly, VOFF falls in
voltage determined by the load capacitor, the VOFF load,
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FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Typical Application Circuit
C7
R2
110kΩ
R1
13kΩ
R4
49.9Ω
C5
VBOOST
(12V@
350mA)
+
22µF
VIN
GND
C6
0.1µF
VSSB 24
2 FBB
ROSC 23
3 EN
VREF 22
4 VDDB
PGND 21
5 LX
PGND 20
6 LX
VSSP 19
+
7 VSSN
DRVP 18
8 DRVN
VDDP 17
9 VDDN
FBP 16
R3
61.9kΩ
C8
1nF
*D1
L1
C1
10µF
1 SS
0.1µF
10µH
C12
0.1µF
C11
0.1µF
VOFF
-6V
C21
R21
154kΩ
C26
3.3µF
0.1µF
**D21
***C20
1nF
10 FBN
VSSC 15
11 DP
VCOM 14
12 INC
VDDC 13
VCOM
REFERENCE
VON
18V
**D11
C22
0.1µF
C31
1µF
C13
2.2µF
R12
51kΩ
R11
3.9kΩ
VCOM
C32
0.1µF
C33
R22
33.2kΩ
* MBRM120LT3
** BAT54S
*** C20 is optional if extended VON delay is required
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FN7317.2
February 4, 2005
EL7584
Package Outline Drawing
NOTE: The package drawing shown here may not be the latest version. To check the latest revision, please refer to the Intersil website at
<http://www.intersil.com/design/packages/index.asp>
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
16
FN7317.2
February 4, 2005