19-3978; Rev 3; 12/06 KIT ATION EVALU E L B AVAILA 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN The MAX8645X/MAX8645Y charge pumps drive up to eight white LEDs with regulated constant current for uniform intensity. The main group of LEDs (M1–M6) can be driven up to 30mA per LED for backlighting. The flash group of LEDs (F1 and F2) is independently controlled and can be driven up to 200mA per LED (or 400mA total). Two 200mA LDOs are on-board to provide power for camera functions. The LDOs’ output voltages are pin programmable to meet different camera-module requirements. The MAX8645X and MAX8645Y differ only in LDO output voltages. By utilizing adaptive 1x/1.5x/2x chargepump modes and very-low-dropout current regulators, the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y achieve high efficiency over the full 1-cell lithium-battery voltage range. The 1MHz fixed-frequency switching allows for tiny external components, and the regulation scheme is optimized to ensure low EMI and low input ripple. The MAX8645X/MAX8645Y are available in a 28-pin TQFN, 4mm x 4mm (0.8mm max height) lead-free package. Applications Features ♦ Power Up to Eight LEDs Up to 30mA/LED Drive for Backlight Up to 400mA Total Drive for Flash ♦ Two Internal Low-Noise 200mA LDOs ♦ 94% Max/85% Avg Efficiency (PLED/PBATT) over Li+ Battery Discharge ♦ 0.2% Typical LED Current Matching ♦ Adaptive 1x/1.5x/2x Mode Switchover ♦ Flexible Brightness Control Single-Wire, Serial-Pulse Interface (32 Steps) 2-Bit Logic (Three Levels) ♦ Thermal TA Derating Function ♦ Low Input Ripple and EMI ♦ 2.7V to 5.5V Supply Voltage Range ♦ Soft-Start, Overvoltage, and Thermal-Shutdown Protection Camera Phones and Smartphones Backlighting and Flash ♦ 28-Pin TQFN, 4mm x 4mm Package PDAs, Digital Cameras, and Camcorders Ordering Information Typical Operating Circuit 1μF INPUT 2.7V TO 5.5V C1P PIN 1μF C1N C2P C2N OUT 10μF MAX8645X MAX8645Y GND MAIN ON/OFF AND DIMMING FLASH ON/OFF DUAL-LDO ON/OFF DUAL-LDO VOLTAGE SELECTION MAIN FLASH M1 M2 PGND PINPACKAGE PKG CODE MAX8645XETI+ -40°C to +85°C 28 TQFN-EP 4mm x 4mm T2844-1 MAX8645YETI+ -40°C to +85°C 28 TQFN-EP 4mm x 4mm T2844-1 EP = Exposed paddle. +Denotes a lead-free package. M3 M4 M5 ENM1 TEMP RANGE OUTPUT UP TO 580mA 10μF IN PART M6 F1 F2 ENM2 ENF LDO1 LDO2 ENLDO P1 CAMERA MODULE 1μF 1μF P2 SETM SETF Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet. REF 0.01μF ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX8645X/MAX8645Y General Description MAX8645X/MAX8645Y 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PIN, IN, OUT, REFBP to GND................................-0.3V to +6.0V SETF, SETM, ENLDO, ENM1, ENM2, ENF, P1, P2, LDO1, LDO2 to GND....................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, F1, F2 to GND.............................................-0.3V to (VOUT + 0.3V) C1N, C2N to GND ......................................... -0.3V to (VIN + 1V) C1P, C2P to GND........ -0.3V to the greater of (VOUT + 1V) or (VIN + 1V) PGND to GND .......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V OUT, LDO1, LDO2 Short Circuit to GND ...................Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 28-Pin TQFN 4mm x 4mm (derate 20.8mW/°C above +70°C) .............................1666mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6V, VGND = VPGND = 0V, ENM1 = ENM2 = ENF = IN, RSETM = RSETF = 6.8kΩ, P1 = P2 = unconnected, CREF = 0.01µF, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN IN Operating Voltage Undervoltage-Lockout Threshold VIN rising or falling 2.25 Undervoltage-Lockout Hysteresis Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current 2.45 MAX UNITS 5.5 V 2.60 130 1MHz switching, no load, 1.5x or 2x mode 4.0 1x mode 10% setting, ENF = GND, VENLDO = VIN, ILDO1 = ILDO2 = 0A 0.4 ENM1 = ENM2 = ENF = GND, VENLDO = VIN, ILDO1 = ILDO2 = 0A 110 ENM1 = ENM2 = ENF = ENLDO = GND TA = +25°C 0.01 TA = +85°C 0.1 EN_ High Voltage VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V EN_ Low Voltage VIN = 2.7V to 5.5V EN_ Input Current VEN_ = 0V or 5.5V ENM_ or ENF Low Shutdown Delay tSHDN See Figure 1 1.5 ENM_ or ENF tLO See Figure 1 0.5 ENM_ or ENF tHI See Figure 1 0.5 Initial ENM_ or ENF tHI Only required for first ENM_ or ENF pulse; see Figure 1 200 P1, P2 Shutdown Input Current P1, P2 Input Impedance Thermal-Shutdown Threshold TYP 2.7 Temperature rising Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis V mV 5.5 mA µA 5 1.4 µA V 0.4 TA = +25°C 0.01 TA = +85°C 0.1 2.0 1 V µA 2.5 ms 250.0 µs µs µs 1 µA 150 kΩ +160 °C 20 °C CHARGE PUMP Overvoltage-Protection Threshold Soft-Start Time 2 VOUT rising 5 V 2 ms _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN (VIN = 3.6V, VGND = VPGND = 0V, ENM1 = ENM2 = ENF = IN, RSETM = RSETF = 6.8kΩ, P1 = P2 = unconnected, CREF = 0.01µF, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS 1x to 1.5x or 1.5x to 2x Mode Transition Threshold MIN TYP MAX UNITS 90 100 110 mV Input Voltage-Mode Transition Hysteresis Charge-Pump Maximum OUT Current Open-Loop OUT Resistance Charge-Pump Short-Circuit Current Switching Frequency OUT Pulldown Resistance in Shutdown 150 VIN ≥ 3.15V, VOUT = 3.9V mV 580 mA 1x mode (VIN - VOUT) / IOUT 0.3 1.5x mode (1.5VIN - VOUT) / IOUT 1.1 4.0 2x mode (2VIN - VOUT) / IOUT 1.5 4.14 VOUT < 1.25V 500 mA 1 MHz 5 kΩ 0.6 V ENM_ = ENF = GND 1.0 Ω LED DRIVER SET_ Bias Voltage TA = +25°C SET_ Leakage in Shutdown ENM_ = ENF = GND TA = +25°C 0.01 TA = +85°C 0.1 SET_ Current Range 10 1 145 µA µA SETM-to-Main LED Current Ratio (IM_/ISETM) 100% setting, M1–M6 230 A/A SETF-to-Flash LED Current Ratio (IF_/ISETF) 100% setting, F1 and F2 1380 A/A M_, F_ Current Accuracy TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to current derating start temperature -1.25 +1.25 -4 +4 % Maximum Main LED Sink Current RSETM = 4.6kΩ, for each M_ 30 mA Maximum Flash LED Sink Current RSETF = 4.12kΩ, IF1 + IF2 400 mA +40 °C -1.7 %/°C Current-Derating-Function Start Temperature Current-Derating-Function Slope TA = +40°C to +85°C Dropout Voltage (Note 2) 40 1.5x and 2x Regulation Voltage TA = +25°C 0.01 TA = +85°C 0.1 M_, F_ Leakage in Shutdown ENM_ = ENF = GND LDO_ Output Voltage Accuracy ILDO_ = 150mA, relative to VOUT(NOM) (Note 3) -1.7 VLDO_ = 0V 280 Output Current Range Current Limit Soft-Start Current Limit 90 150 0 0 475 160 mV mV 2 µA +1.7 % 200 mA 750 mA mA _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX8645X/MAX8645Y ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VIN = 3.6V, VGND = VPGND = 0V, ENM1 = ENM2 = ENF = IN, RSETM = RSETF = 6.8kΩ, P1 = P2 = unconnected, CREF = 0.01µF, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP Soft-Start Done Time MAX UNITS 100 120 µs Dropout Voltage ILDO_ = 200mA (Note 4) Load Regulation VIN = 3.7V, 100µA < ILDO_ < 200mA Power-Supply Rejection ΔVOUT/ΔVIN 10Hz to 10kHz, CLDO_ = 1µF, ILDO_ = 10µA -60 dB Output Noise Voltage (RMS) 10Hz to 100kHz, CLDO_ = 1µF, ILDO_ = 10mA 40 µVRMS 320 mV 1.3 % Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design. Note 2: LED dropout voltage is defined as the M_ or F_ to GND voltage at which current into M_ or F_ drops 10% from the value at M_ or F_ = 0.2V. Note 3: (Greater of 2.7V or (VLDO_ + 0.5V)) ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V. Note 4: LDO dropout voltage is defined as VIN - VOUT when VOUT is 100mV below the value of VOUT measured when VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1V. Since the minimum input voltage is 2.7V, this specification is only meaningful when VOUT(NOM) > 2.5V. Typical Operating Characteristics (VIN = VEN_ = 3.6V, circuit of Figure 2, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) 70 15mA/LED 60 4.5mA/LED 1.5mA/LED 50 70 60 400mA TOTAL 3.0 3.3 3.6 Li+ BATTERY VOLTAGE (V) 3.9 4.2 120 90 ILED = 4.5mA 60 ILED = 1.5mA 30 0 40 2.7 4 80 50 40 160mA TOTAL VIN FALLING VIN RISING ILED = 15mA 150 BATTERY CURRENT (mA) 80 80mA TOTAL 90 180 MAX8645Y toc02 90 100 EFFICIENCY PLED/PBATT (%) MAX8645Y toc01 100 BATTERY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE DRIVING SIX MAIN LEDs EFFICIENCY vs. Li+ BATTERY VOLTAGE DRIVING FLASH LED MODULE MAX8645Y toc03 EFFICIENCY vs. Li+ BATTERY VOLTAGE DRIVING SIX MAIN LEDs EFFICIENCY PLED/PBATT (%) MAX8645X/MAX8645Y 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 Li+ BATTERY VOLTAGE (V) 3.9 4.2 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.9 4.2 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN LDO GROUND-PIN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE IFLASH = 160mA 400 IFLASH = 80mA 300 200 100 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 120 110 90 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 IFLASH = 400mA 5 4 3 15.4 15.2 15.0 14.8 14.6 14.4 1 14.2 0 14.0 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 101.5 101.0 100.5 100.0 99.5 99.0 98.5 98.0 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) LED CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE WITH SIX MAIN LEDs LED CURRENT vs. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE WITH FLASH INDIVIDUAL MAIN LED CURRENT vs. RSETM 75 60 45 30 100 350 300 250 200 150 5.5 MAX8645Y toc12 400 MAIN LED CURRENT (mA) 90 450 TOTAL LED CURRENT (mA) MAX8645Y toc10 105 5.5 5.1 102.0 MAX8645Y toc08 15.6 2 3.1 LED CURRENT MATCHING vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE WITH TWO FLASH LEDs FLASH LED CURRENT (mA) 6 15.8 MAIN LED CURRENT (mA) IFLASH = 160mA 7 2.7 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 16.0 MAX8645Y toc07 IFLASH = 40mA ILED = 1.5mA 5.5 LED CURRENT MATCHING vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE WITH SIX MAIN LEDs 8 ILED = 4.5mA 0.6 0 2.7 4.2 INPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE WITH FLASH AND MAIN LEDs FOUR MAIN LEDs AT 15mA EACH 0.9 0.3 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 9 1.2 100 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 10 INPUT RIPPLE (mVRMS) 150mA, BOTH LDOs NO LOAD, BOTH LDOs ILED = 15mA 1.5 80 0 TOTAL LED CURRENT (mA) 140 130 1.8 MAX8645Y toc09 500 VENM_ = VENF = 0V, VENLDO = VIN INPUT RIPPLE (mVRMS) IFLASH = 400mA 600 150 MAX8645Y toc05 700 160 MAX8645Y toc11 BATTERY CURRENT (mA) 800 GROUND-PIN SUPPLY CURRENT (μA) MAX8645Y toc04 900 INPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE WITH SIX MAIN LEDs MAX8645Y toc06 BATTERY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE DRIVING FLASH 10 100 15 50 0 0 -40 -15 10 35 TA (°C) 60 85 1 -40 -15 10 35 TA (°C) 60 85 1 10 100 RSETM (kΩ) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX8645X/MAX8645Y Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = VEN_ = 3.6V, circuit of Figure 2, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = VEN_ = 3.6V, circuit of Figure 2, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) INDIVIDUAL FLASH LED CURRENT vs. RSETF OPERATING WAVEFORMS (1x MODE) MAX8645Y toc14 MAX8645Y toc13 2000 FLASH LED CURRENT (mA) MAX8645X/MAX8645Y 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN VOUT 50mV/div AC-COUPLED VIN 20mV/div AC-COUPLED IIN 2mA/div AC-COUPLED 200 20 6 MAIN LEDS AT 20mA EACH 2 1 10 100 400ns/div RSETF (kΩ) OPERATING WAVEFORMS (1.5x MODE) OPERATING WAVEFORMS (2x MODE) MAX8645Y toc15 MAX8645Y toc16 VOUT 50mV/div AC-COUPLED VIN 20mV/div AC-COUPLED VOUT 50mV/div AC-COUPLED VIN 20mV/div AC-COUPLED 6 MAIN LEDS AT 20mA EACH, FLASH AT 400mA TOTAL 2mA/div AC-COUPLED IIN 2mA/div AC-COUPLED IIN 6 MAIN LEDS AT 20mA EACH 400ns/div 400ns/div STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN MAIN LED RESPONSE STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN FLASH LED RESPONSE MAX8645Y toc18 MAX8645Y toc17 5V/div 0V VENM_ 5V/div 0V VENF 6 MAIN LEDS AT 20mA EACH, 400mA TOTAL FLASH 6 MAIN LEDS AT 20mA EACH 100mA/div IOUT 0A 500mA/div 0A IIN 500mA/div VOUT 0A VOUT 5V/div 0V 5V/div 0V 1ms/div 6 IOUT 1ms/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN LDO DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT SINGLE-WIRE DIMMING RESPONSE MAX8645Y toc19 120 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 5V/div 0V VENM1, VENM2 500mA/div IOUT MAX8645Y toc20 140 0A 100 80 60 40 VOUT 2V/div 20 0V 0 0 10ms/div 50 100 200 150 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) LDO OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT 0.8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ACCURACY (%) LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX8645Y toc22 MAX8645Y toc21 1.0 0.6 VLDO_ = 2.6V 50mV/div AC-COUPLED VLDO_ 0.4 0.2 0 100mA -0.2 -0.4 ILDO_ -0.6 1mA -0.8 -1.0 0 50 100 150 200 10μs/div OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE NEAR DROPOUT MAX8645Y toc23 VIN - VOUT = 77mV, VLDO_ = 2.6V 50mV/div AC-COUPLED VLDO_ 100mA ILDO_ 1mA 10μs/div _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX8645X/MAX8645Y Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = VEN_ = 3.6V, circuit of Figure 2, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN MAX8645X/MAX8645Y Pin Description 8 PIN NAME FUNCTION 1 PIN 2 IN 3 GND Ground. Connect GND to system ground and the input bypass capacitor as close as possible to the IC. 4 LDO1 LDO1 Output. Bypass with a 1µF ceramic capacitor to GND. LDO1 is pulled to ground through an internal 400kΩ resistor during shutdown. 5 LDO2 LDO2 Output. Bypass with a 1µF ceramic capacitor to GND. LDO2 is pulled to ground through an internal 400kΩ resistor during shutdown. 6 REFBP Reference Filter. Bypass REFBP with a 0.01µF ceramic capacitor to GND. 7 SETF Bias Current Set Input for F1, F2. The current flowing out of SETF sets the maximum (100%) bias current into each LED. VSETF is internally biased to 0.6V. Connect a resistor (RSETF) from SETF to GND to set the flash current. RSETF = 82.8 / ILED(MAX). SETF is high impedance during shutdown. 8 SETM Bias Current Set Input for M1–M4. The current flowing out of SETM sets the maximum (100%) bias current into each LED. VSETM is internally biased to 0.6V. Connect a resistor (RSETM) from SETM to GND to set the main LED current. RSETM = 138 / ILED(MAX). SETM is high impedance during shutdown. 9, 10 F2, F1 400mA Combined-Current Flash LED Cathode Connection and Charge-Pump Feedback. Current flowing into F_ is based on ISETF . The charge pump regulates the lowest F_ voltage to 0.15V. Grounding any F_ input forces OUT to operate at approximately 5V. Connect F_ to OUT if this LED is not populated. 11–16 M6–M1 30mA Main LED Cathode Connection and Charge-Pump Feedback. Current flowing into M_ is based on the EN_ configuration and ISETM. The charge pump regulates the lowest M_ input voltage to 0.15V. Grounding any M_ forces OUT to operate at approximately 5V. Connect M_ to OUT if this LED is not populated. 17 P2 Default Output-Voltage Select Input. P1 and P2 set the LDO1 and LDO2 voltages to one of nine combinations (Table 2). P2 is high impedance in an off condition and shortly after an on condition. 18 ENLDO LDO Output Enable. Drive to a logic-level high to turn on both LDOs. Drive to a logic-level low to turn off both LDOs. 19 ENM2 Enable and Dimming Control for M1–M6. Drive both ENM1 and ENM2 to a logic-level high to turn on the main LEDs. Drive both ENM1 and ENM2 to a logic-level low to turn off the main LEDs. Alternate dimming techniques are discussed in the Applications Information section. 20 ENM1 Enable and Dimming Control for M1–M6. Drive both ENM1 and ENM2 to a logic-level high to turn on the main LEDs. Drive both ENM1 and ENM2 to a logic-level low to turn off the main LEDs. Alternate dimming techniques are discussed in the Applications Information section. 21 ENF Enable and Dimming Control for F1, F2. Drive ENF to a logic-level high to turn on the flash LEDs. Drive ENF to a logic-level low to turn off the flash LEDs. Dimming techniques are discussed in the Applications Information section. 22 C1N Transfer Capacitor 1 Negative Connection. Connect a 1µF ceramic capacitor between C1P and C1N. C1N is internally shorted to IN during shutdown. Supply Voltage Input. Bypass to PGND with a 10µF ceramic capacitor. The input voltage range is 2.7V to 5.5V. PIN is high impedance during shutdown. Chip Supply Voltage Input. Bypass to GND with a 10µF ceramic capacitor as close as possible to the IC. The input voltage range is 2.7V to 5.5V. IN is high impedance during shutdown. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN PIN NAME FUNCTION 23 C1P 24 PGND Power Ground. Connect PGND to system ground. PGND is used for charge-pump switching currents. 25 OUT Charge-Pump Output. Bypass OUT to GND with a 10µF ceramic capacitor. Connect to the anodes of all the LEDs. OUT is internally pulled to ground through a 5kΩ resistor during shutdown. 26 C2P Transfer Capacitor 2 Positive Connection. Connect a 1µF ceramic capacitor between C2P and C2N. During shutdown, if OUT > IN, C2P is shorted to OUT. If OUT < IN, C2P is shorted to IN. 27 C2N Transfer Capacitor 2 Negative Connection. Connect a 1µF ceramic capacitor between C2P and C2N. C2N is internally shorted to IN during shutdown. 28 P1 Default Output-Voltage Select Input. P1 and P2 set the LDO1 and LDO2 voltages to one of nine combinations (Table 2). P1 is high impedance in an off condition and shortly after in an on condition. — EP Exposed Paddle. Connect to GND and PGND. Transfer Capacitor 1 Positive Connection. Connect a 1µF ceramic capacitor between C1P and C1N. During shutdown, if OUT > IN, C1P is shorted to OUT. If OUT < IN, C1P is shorted to IN. Detailed Description The MAX8645X/MAX8645Y charge pumps drive up to six white LEDs in the main display for backlighting and up to two white LEDs for flash, all with regulated constant current for uniform intensity. By utilizing adaptive 1x/1.5x/2x charge-pump modes and very-low-dropout current regulators, they achieve high efficiency over the 1-cell lithium-battery input voltage range. 1MHz fixedfrequency switching allows for tiny external components and low input ripple. Two on-board 200mA programmable-output-voltage LDOs are provided to meet camera-module requirements. 1x to 1.5x Switchover When V IN is higher than V OUT , the MAX8645X/ MAX8645Y operate in 1x mode and VOUT is pulled up to VIN. The internal current regulators regulate the LED current. As V IN drops, V M_ (or V F_ ) eventually falls below the switchover threshold of 100mV and the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y start switching in 1.5x mode. When the input voltage rises above VOUT by approximately 50mV, the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y switch back to 1x mode. 1.5x to 2x Switchover When VIN is less than VOUT but greater than 2/3 VOUT, the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y operate in 1.5x mode. The internal current regulators regulate the LED current. As V IN drops, V M_ (or V F_ ) eventually falls below the switchover threshold of 100mV, and the MAX8645X/ MAX8645Y start switching in 2x mode. When the input voltage rises above 2/3 VOUT by approximately 50mV, the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y switch back to 1.5x mode. Soft-Start The MAX8645X/MAX8645Y include soft-start circuitry to limit inrush current at turn-on. Once the input voltage is applied, the output capacitor is charged directly from the input with a ramped current source (with no chargepump action) until the output voltage approaches the input voltage. Once the output capacitor is charged, the charge pump determines if 1x, 1.5x, or 2x mode is required. In the case of 1x mode, the soft-start is terminated and normal operation begins. In the case of 1.5x or 2x mode, soft-start operates until the lowest voltage of M1–M6 and F1, F2 reaches regulation. If the output is shorted to ground or is pulled to less than 1.25V, the output current is limited by soft-start. True Shutdown™ Mode When ENM1, ENM2, and ENF are simultaneously held low for 2ms or longer, the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y are shut down and put in a low-current shutdown mode, and the input is isolated from the output. OUT is internally pulled to GND with 5kΩ during shutdown. Thermal Derating The MAX8645X/MAX8645Y limit the maximum LED current depending on the die temperature. The maximum LED current is set by the RSETM and RSETF resistors. Once the temperature reaches +40°C, the LED current decreases by 1.7%/°C. Due to the package’s exposed paddle, the die temperature is always very close to the PCB temperature. The temperature derating function allows the LED current to be safely set higher at normal operating temperatures, thereby allowing either a brighter display or fewer LEDs to be used for normal display brightness. True Shutdown is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX8645X/MAX8645Y Pin Description (continued) MAX8645X/MAX8645Y 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN INITIAL tHI ≥ 200μs 0 ENM1 AND ENM2 OR ENF 1 2 3 4 5 27 28 29 30 31 32 tSOFT-START tLO 32/32 IM_ OR IF_ 500ns TO 250μs 31/32 30/32 29/32 28/32 27/32 SHUTDOWN tSHDN tHI ≥ 500ns 5/32 32/32 31/32 4/32 3/32 2/32 2ms (typ) 1/32 SHUTDOWN Figure 1. ENM_ and ENF Timing Diagram Thermal Shutdown The MAX8645X/MAX8645Y include a thermal-limit circuit that shuts down the IC at approximately +160°C. Turnon occurs after the IC cools by approximately 20°C. Applications Information Setting the Main Output Current SETM controls M1–M6 regulation current. Current flowing into M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6 is a multiple of the current flowing out of SETM: IM1 = IM2 = IM3 = IM4 = IM5 = IM6 = K x (0.6V / RSETM) where K = 23, 69, or 230 (depending upon the state of ENM1 and ENM2; see Table 1), and RSETM is the resistor connected between SETM and GND (see the Typical Operating Circuit). Table 1. ENM1/ENM2 States BRIGHTNESS M1–M6 CURRENT ENM1 = low, ENM2 = low Shutdown 0 ENM1 = low, ENM2 = high 1/10 brightness 23 x ISETM ENM1/ENM2 STATES ENM1 = high, ENM2 = low 3/10 brightness 69 x ISETM ENM1 = high, ENM2 = high Full brightness 230 x ISETM Setting the Flash Output Current SETF controls the F1, F2 regulation current. Current flowing into F1 and F2 is a multiple of the current flowing out of SETF: IF1 = IF2 = N x (0.6V / RSETF) where N = 1380. Single-Wire Pulse Dimming For more dimming flexibility or to reduce the number of control traces, the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y support serial pulse dimming. Connect ENM1 and ENM2 together to enable single-wire pulse dimming of the main LEDs (or ENF only for single-wire pulse dimming of the flash LEDs). When ENM1 and ENM2 (or ENF) go high 10 simultaneously, the main (or flash) LEDs are enabled at full brightness. Each subsequent low-going pulse (500ns to 250µs pulse width) reduces the LED current by 3.125% (1/32), so after one pulse, the LED current is 96.9% (or 31/32) x ILED. The 31st pulse reduces the current to 0.03125 x ILED. The 32nd pulse sets the LED current back to ILED. Figure 1 shows a timing diagram for single-wire pulse dimming. Because soft-start is longer than the initial tHI, apply dimming pulses quickly upon startup (after initial tHI) to avoid LED current transitioning through full brightness. Simple On/Off Control If dimming control is not required, connect ENM1 to ENM2 for simple on/off control. Drive both ENM1 and ENM2 to a logic-level high to turn on the main LEDs. Drive both ENM1 and ENM2 to a logic-level low to turn off the main LEDs. ENF is the simple on/off control for the flash LEDs. Drive ENF to a logic-level high to turn on the flash LEDs. Drive ENF to a logic-level low to turn off the flash LEDs. In this case, LED current is set by the values of RSETM and RSETF. Dimming Using PWM into ENM1 Use ENM2 for shutdown and drive ENM1 with a PWM signal. LED brightness can be varied from 10% to full brightness based upon the duty cycle of the PWM signal. Drive ENM2 high to keep the IC on, eliminating any soft-start delay that would impede PWM control and allowing a PWM frequency up to 5kHz (Figure 2). Driving Fewer than Eight LEDs When driving fewer than eight LEDs, two connection schemes can be used. The first scheme is shown in Figure 3 where LED drivers are connected together. This method allows increased current through the LED and effectively allows total LED current to be ILED multiplied by the number of connected drivers. The second method of connection is shown in Figure 4 where standard white LEDs are used and fewer than eight are connected. This scheme does not alter current through each LED but ensures that the unused LED driver is properly disabled. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN INPUT 2.7V TO 5.5V C1P PIN C1 10μF C1N C2P C2N LDO1 C7 1μF GND ON OUTPUT UP TO 480mA C5 10μF MAIN FLASH ENM1 M1 M2 ON/OFF ENF ON/OFF ENLDO VOLTAGE SELECTION OUT MAX8645X MAX8645Y ENM2 PWM INPUT C6 1μF LDO2 IN OFF MAX8645X/MAX8645Y C4 1μF C3 1μF M3 M4 M5 M6 F1 F2 P1 P2 SETM RSETM 6.81kΩ SETF REFBP PGND C8 0.01μF RSETF 4.12kΩ Figure 2. Dimming Using PWM Signal into ENM1 1μF INPUT 2.7V TO 5.5V 10μF C1P PIN 1μF C1N C2P C2N LDO1 1μF LDO2 IN 1μF GND OUT MAX8645X MAX8645Y ENM2 OUTPUT UP TO 480mA 10μF MAIN FLASH ENM1 ON/OFF AND VOLTAGE SELECTION M1 M2 ENF M3 M4 M5 ENLDO P1 M6 F1 F2 P2 SETM SETF REFBP PGND 0.01μF 6.81kΩ 4.12kΩ Figure 3. Providing Increased LED Current per LED ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX8645X/MAX8645Y 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN 1μF INPUT 2.7V TO 5.5V 10μF C1P PIN 1μF C1N C2P C2N LDO1 1μF LDO2 IN 1μF GND MAX8645X MAX8645Y ENM2 OUTPUT UP TO 240mA OUT MAIN 10μF FLASH ENM1 ON/OFF AND VOLTAGE SELECTION M1 M2 ENF M3 M4 M5 M6 F1 F2 ENLDO P1 P2 SETM SETF REFBP PGND 0.01μF 6.81kΩ 4.12kΩ Figure 4. Schematic for When Fewer than 8 LEDs Are Acceptable Input Ripple For LED drivers, input ripple is more important than output ripple. Input ripple is highly dependent on the source supply’s impedance. Adding a lowpass filter to the input further reduces input ripple. Alternately, increasing CIN to 22µF cuts input ripple in half with only a small increase in footprint. The 1x mode always has very low input ripple. Table 2. P1 and P2, LDO Output Voltage Selection P1 P2 MAX8645X MAX8645Y LDO1 (V) LDO2 (V) LDO1 (V) LDO2 (V) IN IN 3.3 1.8 2.8 IN OPEN 3.0 1.5 2.8 2.8 IN GND 2.8 1.5 2.9 1.5 OPEN IN 3.3 1.5 2.6 1.9 OPEN OPEN 2.6 1.8 2.6 2.6 LDO Output Voltage Selection (P1 and P2) OPEN GND 2.6 1.5 2.8 1.9 As shown in Table 2, the LDO output voltages, LDO1 and LDO2 are pin programmable by the logic states of P1 and P2. P1 and P2 are tri-level inputs: IN, open, and GND. The input voltage, VIN, must be greater than the selected LDO1 and LDO2 voltages. The logic states of P1 and P2 can be programmed only during ENLDO low. Once the LDO_ voltages are programmed, their values do not change by changing P1 or P2 during ENLDO high. GND IN 3.0 1.8 2.9 1.8 GND OPEN 2.8 1.8 2.9 1.9 GND GND 2.5 1.8 2.9 2.9 Typical operating waveforms shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics show input ripple current in 1x, 1.5x, and 2x modes. Component Selection Use only ceramic capacitors with an X5R, X7R, or better dielectric. See Table 3 for a list of recommended parts. 12 2.6 Connect a 1µF ceramic capacitor between LDO1 and GND, and a second 1µF ceramic capacitor between LDO2 and GND for 200mA applications. The LDO output capacitor’s (C LDO) equivalent series resistance (ESR) affects stability and output noise. Use output capacitors with an ESR of 0.1Ω or less to ensure stability and optimum transient response. Connect CLDO_ as close as possible to the MAX8645X/MAX8645Y to minimize the impact of PCB trace inductance. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Table 3. Recommended Components for Figure 2 DESIGNATION VALUE MANUFACTURER PART DESCRIPTION C1, C5 10µF TDK C2012X5R0J106M 10µF ±20%, 6.3V X5R ceramic capacitors (0805) C3, C4, C6, C7 1µF TDK C1005X5R0J105M 1µF ±20%, 6.3V X5R ceramic capacitors (0402) C8 0.01µF TDK C1005X7R1E103K 0.01µF ±10%, 25V X7R ceramic capacitor (0402) D1–D4 — Nichia NSCW215T White LEDs D5 (D5–D8) — Nichia NBCW011T White LEDs, 4 LEDs in one package As required Panasonic RSETM, RSETF Vishay — 1% resistors PCB Layout and Routing ENM1 ENM2 ENLDO P2 M1 M2 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 C1N 22 14 M3 C1P 23 13 M4 PGND 24 12 M5 OUT 25 11 M6 C2P 26 C2N 27 9 F2 P1 28 8 SETM MAX8645X MAX8645Y 2 3 4 5 6 7 LDO1 LDO2 REFBP SETF PIN 1 10 F1 GND PROCESS: BiCMOS TOP VIEW IN Chip Information Pin Configuration ENF The MAX8645X/MAX8645Y are high-frequency, switched-capacitor voltage regulators. For best circuit performance, use a solid ground plane and place CIN, COUT, C3, and C4 as close as possible to the IC. There should be no vias on CIN. Connect GND and PGND to the exposed paddle directly under the IC. Refer to the MAX8645Y evaluation kit for an example. THIN QFN (4mm x 4mm, 0.4mm LEAD PITCH) + DENOTES A LEAD-FREE PACKAGE. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX8645X/MAX8645Y MAX8645YETI 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pump with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.) 24L QFN THIN.EPS MAX8645X/MAX8645Y 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm Thin QFN PACKAGE OUTLINE, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28L THIN QFN, 4x4x0.8mm 21-0139 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ E 1 2 1x/1.5x/2x White LED Charge Pumps with Two LDOs in 4mm x 4mm TQFN PACKAGE OUTLINE, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28L THIN QFN, 4x4x0.8mm 21-0139 E 2 2 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 15 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2006 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MAX8645X/MAX8645Y Package Information (continued) (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)