TI1 LMZ13610TZ Simple switcherâ® power module with 36v maximum input voltage Datasheet

LMZ13610
LMZ13610 10A SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Module with 36V Maximum Input Voltage
Literature Number: SNVS709C
LMZ13610
10A SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Module with 36V
Maximum Input Voltage
Easy to use 11 pin package
Performance Benefits
■ High efficiency reduces system heat generation
■ Low radiated emissions (EMI) complies with EN55022
class B standard (Note 2)
■ Only 7 external components
■ Low output voltage ripple
■ No external heat sink required
System Performance
Electrical Specifications
■
■
■
■
■
50W maximum total output power
Up to 10A output current
Input voltage range 6V to 36V
Output voltage range 0.8V to 6V
Efficiency up to 92%
Efficiency VIN = 24V VOUT = 3.3V
100
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
30151301
TO-PMOD 11 Pin Package
15 x 17.79 x 5.9 mm (0.59 x 0.7 x 0.232 in)
θJA = 9.9 °C/W, θJC = 1.0 °C/W (Note 1)
RoHS Compliant
80
70
60
50
40
30
24 Vin
20
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151302
Key Features
■
■
■
■
■
Integrated shielded inductor
Simple PCB layout
Fixed switching frequency (350 kHz)
Flexible startup sequencing using external soft-start,
tracking and precision enable
Protection against inrush currents and faults such as input
UVLO and output short circuit
– 40°C to 125°C junction temperature range
Single exposed pad and standard pinout for easy
mounting and manufacturing
Fully enabled for Webench® Power Designer
Pin compatible with LMZ22010/08, LMZ12010/08,
LMZ23610/08/06H, and LMZ13608/06H
10
8
6
4
2
θJA = 9.9 °C/W
θJA = 6.8 °C/W
θJA = 5.2 °C/W
0
20
40
60
80
100
TEMPERATURE (C)
120
30151303
Note 1: θJA measured on a 75mm x 90mm four layer PCB.
Note 2: EN 55022:2006, +A1:2007, FCC Part 15 Subpart B.
Applications
■
■
■
■
12
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
■
■
■
■
Thermal derating curve
VIN = 24V, VOUT = 3.3V
Point of load conversions from 12V and 24V input rail
Time critical projects
Space constrained / high thermal requirement applications
Negative output voltage applications (See AN-2027)
© 2011 National Semiconductor Corporation
301513
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LMZ13610 10A SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Module with 36V Maximum Input Voltage
May 3, 2011
LMZ13610
Simplified Application Schematic
30151308
Connection Diagram
30151309
Top View
11-Lead TO-PMOD
Ordering Information
Order Number
Package Type
NSC Package Drawing
LMZ13610TZ
TO-PMOD-11
TZA11A
32 Units in a Rail
LMZ13610TZE
TO-PMOD-11
TZA11A
250 Units on Tape and Reel
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2
Supplied As
Pin
1, 2
Name Description
VIN
Supply input — Nominal operating range is 6V to 36V . A small amount of internal capacitance is contained within the
package assembly. Additional external input capacitance is required between this pin and PGND.
3, 5, 6 AGND Analog Ground — Reference point for all stated voltages. Must be externally connected to EP/PGND.
4
EN
Enable — Input to the precision enable comparator. Rising threshold is 1.274V typical. Once the module is enabled,
a 20 uA source current is internally activated to accommodate programmable hysteresis.
7
FB
Feedback — Internally connected to the regulation, over-voltage, and short-circuit comparators. The regulation
reference point is 0.8V at this input pin. Connect the feedback resistor divider between the output and AGND to set
the output voltage.
8
SS
Soft-Start/Track input — To extend the 1.6 mSec internal soft-start connect an external soft start capacitor. For tracking
connect to an external resistive divider connected to a higher priority supply rail. See applications section.
NC
No Connect. This pin must remain floating, do not ground.
9
10,
11
VOUT Output Voltage — Output from the internal inductor. Connect the output capacitor between this pin and PGND.
EP
PGND Exposed Pad / Power Ground Electrical path for the power circuits within the module. — NOT Internally connected to
AGND / pin 5. Used to dissipate heat from the package during operation. Must be electrically connected to pin 5 external
to the package.
3
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LMZ13610
Pin Descriptions
LMZ13610
ESD Susceptibility (Note 4)
For soldering specifications:
see product folder at www.national.com and
www.national.com/ms/MS/MS-SOLDERING.pdf
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 3)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
VIN to PGND
EN to AGND
SS, FB to AGND
AGND to PGND
Junction Temperature
Storage Temperature Range
Operating Ratings
-0.3V to 40V
-0.3V to 5.5V
-0.3V to 2.5V
-0.3V to 0.3V
150°C
-65°C to 150°C
± 2 kV
(Note 3)
VIN
EN
Operation Junction Temperature
6V to 36V
0V to 5.0V
−40°C to 125°C
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard type are for TJ = 25°C only; limits in boldface type apply over the
junction temperature (TJ) range of -40°C to +125°C. Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design or statistical
correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at TJ = 25°C, and are provided for reference purposes only.
Unless otherwise stated the following conditions apply: VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
(Note 5)
Typ
(Note 6)
Max
(Note 5)
1.096
1.274
1.452
Units
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Enable Control
VEN
EN threshold
VEN rising
EN hysteresis source current
VEN > 1.274V
ISS
SS source current
VSS = 0V
tSS
Internal soft-start interval
IEN-HYS
13
V
µA
Soft-Start
40
50
60
1.6
µA
msec
Current Limit
ICL
Current limit threshold
d.c. average
12.5
A
Internal Switching Oscillator
fosc
Free-running oscillator
frequency
314
359
404
kHz
0.775
0.795
0.815
V
Regulation and Over-Voltage Comparator
VFB
VFB-OV
In-regulation feedback voltage
VSS >+ 0.8V
IO = 10A
Feedback over-voltage
protection threshold
0.86
V
IFB
Feedback input bias current
5
nA
IQ
Non Switching Quiescent
Current
3
mA
ISD
Shut Down Quiescent Current
32
μA
85
%
165
°C
Dmax
VEN = 0V
Maximum Duty Factor
Thermal Characteristics
TSD
Thermal Shutdown
Rising
TSD-HYST
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
Falling
15
°C
θJA
Junction to Ambient (Note 7)
Natural Convection
9.9
°C/W
225 LFPM
6.8
500 LFPM
5.2
θJC
Junction to Case
1.0
°C/W
24
mV PP
±0.2
%
PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS (Note 8)
ΔVO
Output voltage ripple
BW@ 20 MHz
ΔVO/ΔVIN
Line regulation
VIN = 12V to 20V, IOUT= 10A
ΔVO/ΔIOUT
Load regulation
VIN = 12V, IOUT= 0.001A to 10A
1
mV/A
η
Peak efficiency
VIN = 12V VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 5A
89.5
%
η
Full load efficiency
VIN = 12V VOUT = 3.3V IOUT = 10A
87.5
%
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4
Note 4: The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor into each pin. Test method is per JESD-22-114.
Note 5: Min and Max limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical
Quality Control (SQC) methods. Limits are used to calculate National’s Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 6: Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely parametric norm.
Note 7: Theta JA measured on a 3.0” x 3.5” four layer board, with two ounce copper on outer layers and one ounce copper on inner layers, two hundred and ten
12 mil thermal vias, and 2W power dissipation. Refer to evaluation board application note layout diagrams.
Note 8: Refer to BOM in Typical Application Bill of Materials — Table 1.
5
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LMZ13610
Note 3: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the
device is intended to be functional. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.
Unless otherwise specified, the following conditions apply: VIN = 12V; CIN = three x 10μF + 47nF X7R Ceramic; COUT = two x
330μF Specialty Polymer + 47 uF Ceramic + 47nF Ceramic; CFF = 4.7nF; Tambient = 25° C for waveforms. All indicated temperatures are ambient.
Dissipation 5.0V output @ 25°C
100
12
90
10
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency 5.0V output @ 25°C
80
70
8 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
60
50
40
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
8 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151334
Dissipation 3.3V output @ 25°C
12
90
10
DISSIPATION (W)
100
80
70
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
60
50
40
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
30151336
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9 10
30151335
Efficiency 3.3V output @ 25°C
EFFICIENCY (%)
LMZ13610
Typical Performance Characteristics
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151337
6
12
90
10
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Dissipation 2.5V output @ 25°C
100
80
70
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
60
50
40
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151338
12
80
10
70
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Dissipation 1.8V output @ 25°C
90
60
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
40
30
20
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151340
Dissipation 1.5V output @ 25°C
12
80
10
70
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency 1.5V output @ 25°C
60
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
40
30
20
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151341
90
50
9 10
30151339
Efficiency 1.8V output @ 25°C
50
LMZ13610
Efficiency 2.5V output @ 25°C
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
30151342
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151343
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LMZ13610
Efficiency 1.2V output @ 25°C
Dissipation 1.2V output @ 25°C
12
90
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
10
70
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
80
60
50
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
40
30
20
10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151344
30151345
Efficiency 1.0V output @ 25°C
Dissipation 1.0V output @ 25°C
90
12
80
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
10
70
60
50
40
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
30
20
10
0
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151346
Dissipation 5.0V output @ 85°C
12
90
10
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency 5.0V output @ 85°C
80
70
8 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
50
40
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
8 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
30151348
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9 10
30151347
100
60
9 10
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151349
8
Dissipation 3.3V output @ 85°C
12
100
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
10
80
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
70
60
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
50
40
30
20
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151350
Dissipation 2.5V output @ 85°C
12
100
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
10
80
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
70
60
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
40
30
20
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151352
Dissipation 1.8V output @ 85°C
14
80
12
70
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency 1.8V output @ 85°C
60
50
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
30
20
10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151353
90
40
9 10
30151351
Efficiency 2.5V output @ 85°C
50
LMZ13610
Efficiency 3.3V output @ 85°C
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
10
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
30151354
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151355
9
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LMZ13610
Dissipation 1.5V output @ 85°C
90
14
80
12
70
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency 1.5V output @ 85°C
60
50
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
40
30
20
10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
10
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151356
30151357
Dissipation 1.2V output @ 85°C
90
14
80
12
70
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency 1.2V output @ 85°C
60
50
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
40
30
20
10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
10
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
30151358
Efficiency 1.0V output @ 85°C
Dissipation 1.0V output @ 85°C
14
80
DISSIPATION (W)
EFFICIENCY (%)
70
60
50
6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36Vin
20
10
0
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
10
8
6
4
2
0
9 10
0
30151360
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6 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
30 Vin
36 Vin
12
30
9 10
30151359
90
40
9 10
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
9 10
30151361
10
Thermal derating VIN = 24V, VOUT = 5.0V
12
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
1.002
NORMALIZED VOUT (V/V)
LMZ13610
Normalized line and load regulation VOUT = 3.3V
1.001
1.000
6 Vin
8 Vin
10 Vin
12 Vin
16 Vin
20 Vin
24 Vin
36 Vin
0.999
0.998
0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
10
8
6
4
2
θJA = 9.9 °C/W
θJA = 6.8 °C/W
θJA = 5.2 °C/W
0
9 10
20
40
60
80
100
TEMPERATURE (C)
120
30151362
30151363
θJA vs copper heat sinking area
Thermal derating VIN = 24V, VOUT = 3.3V
30
2 Layer 0 LFPM
2 Layer 225 LFPM
4 Layer 0 LFPM
4 Layer 225 LFPM
27
10
24
THETA JA (°C/W)
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
12
8
6
4
2
20
40
18
15
12
9
θJA = 9.9 °C/W
θJA = 6.8 °C/W
θJA = 5.2 °C/W
0
21
6
3
60
80
100
TEMPERATURE (C)
120
0
2
4
6
8
COPPER AREA (in2)
10
12
30151364
30151365
Output ripple
12VIN, 5.0VOUT @ Full Load, BW = 20 MHz
Output ripple
12VIN, 5.0VOUT@ Full Load, BW = 250 MHz
30151366
30151369
11
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LMZ13610
Output ripple
12VIN, 3.3VOUT @ Full Load, BW = 20 MHz
Output ripple
12VIN, 3.3VOUT@ Full Load, BW = 250 MHz
30151370
30151367
Output ripple
12VIN, 1.2VOUT @ Full Load, BW = 20 MHz
Output ripple
12VIN, 1.2VOUT@ Full Load, BW = 250 MHz
30151371
30151368
Transient response
12VIN, 5.0VOUT 1 to 10A Step
Transient response
12VIN, 3.3VOUT 1 to 10A Step
30151372
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30151373
12
LMZ13610
Transient response
12VIN, 1.2VOUT 1 to 10A Step
Short circuit current vs input voltage
16
14
CURRENT (A)
12
10
8
6
4
Output Current
Input Current
2
0
5
30151374
10
15
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
20
30151375
3.3VOUT Soft Start, no CSS
3.3VOUT Soft Start, CSS = 0.47uF
30151376
301513a4
Block Diagram
30151378
13
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LMZ13610
may be left open circuit and the internal resistor will always
enable the module. In such case, the internal UVLO occurs
typically at 4.3V (VIN rising).
In applications with separate supervisory circuits Enable can
be directly interfaced to a logic source. In the case of sequencing supplies, the divider is connected to a rail that
becomes active earlier in the power-up cycle than the
LMZ13610 output rail.
Enable provides a precise 1.274V threshold to allow direct
logic drive or connection to a voltage divider from a higher
enable voltage such as VIN. Additionally there is 13 μA (typ)
of switched offset current allowing programmable hysteresis.
See Figure 1.
The function of the enable divider is to allow the designer to
choose an input voltage below which the circuit will be disabled. This implements the feature of a programmable UVLO.
The two resistors should be chosen based on the following
ratio:
General Description
The LMZ13610 SIMPLE SWITCHER© power module is an
easy-to-use step-down DC-DC solution capable of driving up
to 10A load. The LMZ13610 is available in an innovative
package that enhances thermal performance and allows for
hand or machine soldering.
The LMZ13610 can accept an input voltage rail between 6V
and 36V and deliver an adjustable and highly accurate output
voltage as low as 0.8V. The LMZ13610 only requires two external resistors and three external capacitors to complete the
power solution. The LMZ13610 is a reliable and robust design
with the following protection features: thermal shutdown, input under-voltage lockout, output over-voltage protection,
short-circuit protection, output current limit, and allows startup
into a pre-biased output.
Design Steps for the LMZ13610
Application
RENT / RENB = (VIN UVLO / 1.274V) – 1
(1)
The LMZ13610 is fully supported by Webench® which offers:
component selection, electrical and thermal simulations. Additionally, there are both evaluation and demonstration
boards that may be used as a starting point for design. The
following list of steps can be used to manually design the
LMZ13610 application.
All references to values refer to the typical applications
schematic Figure 4 .
• Select minimum operating VIN with enable divider resistors
• Program VOUT with FB resistor divider selection
• Select COUT
• Select CIN
• Determine module power dissipation
• Layout PCB for required thermal performance
The LMZ13610 typical application shows 12.7kΩ for RENB and
42.2kΩ for RENT resulting in a rising UVLO of 5.51V. Note that
this divider presents 4.62V to the EN input when VIN is raised
to 20V. This upper voltage should always be checked, making
sure that it never exceeds the Abs Max 5.5V limit for Enable.
A 5.1V Zener clamp can be applied in cases where the upper
voltage would exceed the EN input's range of operation. The
zener clamp is not required if the target application prohibits
the maximum Enable input voltage from being exceeded.
Additional enable voltage hysteresis can be added with the
inclusion of RENH. It is possible to select values for RENT and
RENB such that RENH is a value of zero allowing it to be omitted
from the design.
Rising threshold can be calculated as follows:
ENABLE DIVIDER, RENT, RENB AND RENHSELECTION
Internal to the module is a 2 mega ohm pull-up resistor connected from VIN to Enable. For applications not requiring
precision under voltage lock out (UVLO), the Enable input
Whereas the falling threshold level can be calculated using:
VEN(rising) = 1.274 ( 1 + (RENT|| 2 meg)/ RENB)
VEN(falling) = VEN(rising) – 13 µA ( RENT|| 2 meg ||
RENTB + RENH )
30151379
FIGURE 1. Enable Input Detail
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(2)
(3)
VOUT = 0.795V * (1 + RFBT / RFBB)
(4)
Rearranging terms; the ratio of the feedback resistors for a
desired output voltage is:
RFBT / RFBB = (VOUT / 0.795V) - 1
(5)
These resistors should generally be chosen from values in the
range of 1.0 kΩ to 10.0 kΩ.
For VOUT = 0.8V the FB pin can be connected to the output
directly and RFBB can be set to 8.06kΩ to provide minimum
output load.
A table of values for RFBT , and RFBB, is included in the simplified applications schematic on page 2.
30151380
SOFT-START CAPACITOR SELECTION
Programmable soft-start permits the regulator to slowly ramp
to its steady state operating point after being enabled, thereby
reducing current inrush from the input supply and slowing the
output voltage rise-time.
Upon turn-on, after all UVLO conditions have been passed,
an internal 1.6msec circuit slowly ramps the SS input to implement internal soft start. If 1.6 msec is an adequate turn–on
time then the Css capacitor can be left unpopulated. Longer
soft-start periods are achieved by adding an external capacitor to this input.
Soft start duration is given by the formula:
tSS = VREF * CSS / Iss = 0.795V * CSS / 50uA
FIGURE 2. Tracking option input detail
COUT SELECTION
None of the required COUT output capacitance is contained
within the module. A minimum value ranging from 330 μF for
6VOUT to 660 μF for 1.2VOUT applications is required based
on the values of internal compensation in the error amplifier.
These minimum values can be decreased if the effective capacitor ESR is higher than 15 mOhms.
A Low ESR (15 mOhm) tantalum, organic semiconductor or
specialty polymer capacitor types in parallel with a 47nF X7R
ceramic capacitor for high frequency noise reduction is recommended for obtaining lowest ripple. The output capacitor
COUT may consist of several capacitors in parallel placed in
close proximity to the module.
The output capacitor assembly must also meet the worst case
ripple current rating of ΔiL, as calculated in equation (18) below. Beyond that, additional capacitance will reduce output
ripple so long as the ESR is low enough to permit it. Loop
response verification is also valuable to confirm closed loop
behavior.
For applications with dynamic load steps; the following equation provides a good first pass approximation of COUT for load
transient requirements.
(6)
This equation can be rearranged as follows:
CSS = tSS * 50μA / 0.795V
(7)
Using a 0.22μF capacitor results in 3.5 msec typical soft-start
duration; and 0.47μF results in 7.5 msec typical. 0.47 μF is a
recommended initial value.
As the soft-start input exceeds 0.795V the output of the power
stage will be in regulation and the 50 μA current is deactivated. Note that the following conditions will reset the soft-start
capacitor by discharging the SS input to ground with an internal current sink.
• The Enable input being pulled low
• A thermal shutdown condition
• VIN falling below 4.3V (TYP) and triggering the VCC UVLO
(8)
TRACKING SUPPLY DIVIDER OPTION
The tracking function allows the module to be connected as
a slave supply to a primary voltage rail (often the 3.3V system
rail) where the slave module output voltage is lower than that
of the master. Proper configuration allows the slave rail to
power up coincident with the master rail such that the voltage
difference between the rails during ramp-up is small (i.e.
<0.15V typ). The values for the tracking resistive divider
should be selected such that the effect of the internal 50uA
current source is minimized. In most cases the ratio of the
tracking divider resistors is the same as the ratio of the output
voltage setting divider. Proper operation in tracking mode dictates the soft-start time of the slave rail be shorter than the
master rail; a condition that is easy to satisfy since the CSS
cap is replaced by RTKB. The tracking function is only supported for the power up interval of the master supply; once
For 12VIN, 3.3VOUT, a transient voltage of 5% of VOUT =
0.165V (ΔVOUT), a 9A load step (ISTEP), an output capacitor
effective ESR of 3 mOhms, and a switching frequency of
350kHz (fSW):
(9)
Note that the stability requirement for minimum output capacitance must always be met.
One recommended output capacitor combination is two
330μF, 15 mOhm ESR tantalum polymer capacitors connected in parallel with a 47 uF 6.3V X5R ceramic. This combination provides excellent performance that may exceed the
15
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LMZ13610
the SS/TRK rises past 0.795V the input is no longer enabled
and the 50 uA internal current source is switched off.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SELECTION
Output voltage is determined by a divider of two resistors
connected between VOUT and AGND. The midpoint of the divider is connected to the FB input.
The regulated output voltage determined by the external divider resistors RFBT and RFBB is:
LMZ13610
requirements of certain applications. Additionally some small
47nF ceramic capacitors can be used for high frequency EMI
suppression.
Given the typical thermal resistance from junction to case
(θJC) to be 1.0 °C/W. Use the 85°C power dissipation curves
in the Typical Performance Characteristics section to estimate the PIC-LOSS for the application being designed. In this
application it is 5.3W.
CIN SELECTION
The LMZ13610 module contains two internal ceramic input
capacitors. Additional input capacitance is required external
to the module to handle the input ripple current of the application. The input capacitor can be several capacitors in parallel. This input capacitance should be located in very close
proximity to the module. Input capacitor selection is generally
directed to satisfy the input ripple current requirements rather
than by capacitance value. Input ripple current rating is dictated by the equation:
(14)
To reach θCA = 13.15, the PCB is required to dissipate heat
effectively. With no airflow and no external heat-sink, a good
estimate of the required board area covered by 2 oz. copper
on both the top and bottom metal layers is:
(15)
(10)
where D ≊ VOUT / VIN
As a result, approximately 38.02 square cm of 2 oz copper on
top and bottom layers is the minimum required area for the
example PCB design. This is 6.16 x 6.16 cm (2.42 x 2.42 in)
square. The PCB copper heat sink must be connected to the
exposed pad. For best performance, use approximately 100,
12mil (305 μm) thermal vias spaced 59 mil (1.5 mm) apart
connect the top copper to the bottom copper.
Another way to estimate the temperature rise of a design is
using θJA. An estimate of θJA for varying heat sinking copper
areas and airflows can be found in the typical applications
curves. If our design required the same operating conditions
as before but had 225 LFPM of airflow. We locate the required
θJA of
(As a point of reference, the worst case ripple current will occur when the module is presented with full load current and
when VIN = 2 * VOUT).
Recommended minimum input capacitance is 30 uF X7R (or
X5R) ceramic with a voltage rating at least 25% higher than
the maximum applied input voltage for the application. It is
also recommended that attention be paid to the voltage and
temperature derating of the capacitor selected. It should be
noted that ripple current rating of ceramic capacitors may be
missing from the capacitor data sheet and you may have to
contact the capacitor manufacturer for this parameter.
If the system design requires a certain minimum value of
peak-to-peak input ripple voltage (ΔVIN) to be maintained then
the following equation may be used.
(11)
(16)
If ΔVIN is 200 mV or 1.66% of VIN for a 12V input to 3.3V output
application and fSW = 350 kHz then:
On the Theta JA vs copper heatsinking curve, the copper area
required for this application is now only 2 square inches. The
airflow reduced the required heat sinking area by a factor of
three.
To reduce the heat sinking copper area further, this package
is compatable with D3-PAK surface mount heat sinks.
For an example of a high thermal performance PCB layout for
SIMPLE SWITCHER© power modules, refer to AN-2093,
AN-2084, AN-2125, AN-2020 and AN-2026.
(12)
Additional bulk capacitance with higher ESR may be required
to damp any resonant effects of the input capacitance and
parasitic inductance of the incoming supply lines. The
LMZ13610 typical applications schematic and evaluation
board include a 150 μF 50V aluminum capacitor for this function. There are many situations where this capacitor is not
necessary.
PC BOARD LAYOUT GUIDELINES
PC board layout is an important part of DC-DC converter design. Poor board layout can disrupt the performance of a DCDC converter and surrounding circuitry by contributing to EMI,
ground bounce and resistive voltage drop in the traces. These
can send erroneous signals to the DC-DC converter resulting
in poor regulation or instability. Good layout can be imple-
POWER DISSIPATION AND BOARD THERMAL
REQUIREMENTS
When calculating module dissipation use the maximum input
voltage and the average output current for the application.
Many common operating conditions are provided in the characteristic curves such that less common applications can be
derived through interpolation. In all designs, the junction temperature must be kept below the rated maximum of 125°C.
For the design case of VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 10A,
and TA-MAX = 50°C, the module must see a thermal resistance
from case to ambient (θCA) of less than:
(13)
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16
Additional Features
OUTPUT OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION
If the voltage at FB is greater than a 0.86V internal reference,
the output of the error amplifier is pulled toward ground, causing VOUT to fall.
CURRENT LIMIT
The LMZ13610 is protected by both low side (LS) and high
side (HS) current limit circuitry. The LS current limit detection
is carried out during the off-time by monitoring the current
through the LS synchronous MOSFET. Referring to the Functional Block Diagram, when the top MOSFET is turned off, the
inductor current flows through the load, the PGND pin and the
internal synchronous MOSFET. If this current exceeds 13A
(typical) the current limit comparator disables the start of the
next switching period. Switching cycles are prohibited until
current drops below the limit. It should also be noted that d.c.
current limit is dependent on duty cycle as illustrated in the
graph in the typical performance section. The HS current limit
monitors the current of top side MOSFET. Once HS current
limit is detected (16A typical) , the HS MOSFET is shutoff immediately, until the next cycle. Exceeding HS current limit
causes VOUT to fall. Typical behavior of exceeding LS current
limit is that fSW drops to 1/2 of the operating frequency.
30151381
FIGURE 3. High Current Loops
1. Minimize area of switched current loops.
From an EMI reduction standpoint, it is imperative to minimize
the high di/dt paths during PC board layout as shown in the
figure above. The high current loops that do not overlap have
high di/dt content that will cause observable high frequency
noise on the output pin if the input capacitor (CIN) is placed at
a distance away from the LMZ13610. Therefore place CIN as
close as possible to the LMZ13610 VIN and PGND exposed
pad. This will minimize the high di/dt area and reduce radiated
EMI. Additionally, grounding for both the input and output capacitor should consist of a localized top side plane that connects to the PGND exposed pad (EP).
2. Have a single point ground.
The ground connections for the feedback, soft-start, and enable components should be routed to the AGND pin of the
device. This prevents any switched or load currents from
flowing in the analog ground traces. If not properly handled,
poor grounding can result in degraded load regulation or erratic output voltage ripple behavior. Additionally provide a
single point ground connection from pin 4 (AGND) to EP/
PGND.
3. Minimize trace length to the FB pin.
Both feedback resistors, RFBT and RFBB should be located
close to the FB pin. Since the FB node is high impedance,
maintain the copper area as small as possible. The traces
from RFBT, RFBB should be routed away from the body of the
LMZ13610 to minimize possible noise pickup.
4. Make input and output bus connections as wide as
possible.
This reduces any voltage drops on the input or output of the
converter and maximizes efficiency. To optimize voltage accuracy at the load, ensure that a separate feedback voltage
sense trace is made to the load. Doing so will correct for voltage drops and provide optimum output accuracy.
5. Provide adequate device heat-sinking.
Use an array of heat-sinking vias to connect the exposed pad
to the ground plane on the bottom PCB layer. If the PCB has
multiple copper layers, these thermal vias can also be connected to inner layer heat-spreading ground planes. For best
results use a 10 x 10 via array or larger with a minimum via
diameter of 12mil (305 μm) thermal vias spaced 46.8mil (1.5
mm). Ensure enough copper area is used for heat-sinking to
keep the junction temperature below 125°C.
THERMAL PROTECTION
The junction temperature of the LMZ13610 should not be allowed to exceed its maximum ratings. Thermal protection is
implemented by an internal Thermal Shutdown circuit which
activates at 165 °C (typ) causing the device to enter a low
power standby state. In this state the main MOSFET remains
off causing VOUT to fall, and additionally the CSS capacitor is
discharged to ground. Thermal protection helps prevent
catastrophic failures for accidental device overheating. When
the junction temperature falls back below 150 °C (typ Hyst =
15°C) the SS pin is released, VOUT rises smoothly, and normal
operation resumes.
Applications requiring maximum output current especially
those at high input voltage may require additional derating at
elevated temperatures.
PRE-BIASED STARTUP
The LMZ13610 will properly start up into a pre-biased output.
This startup situation is common in multiple rail logic applications where current paths may exist between different power
rails during the startup sequence. The following scope capture shows proper behavior in this mode. Trace one is Enable
going high. Trace two is 1.8V pre-bias rising to 3.3V. Trace
three is the SS voltage with a CSS= 0.47uF. Risetime determined by CSS.
17
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LMZ13610
mented by following a few simple design rules. A good layout
example is shown in Figure 5.
LMZ13610
Pre-Biased Startup
The approximate formula for determining the DCM/CCM
boundary is as follows:
(17)
The inductor internal to the module is 2.2 μH. This value was
chosen as a good balance between low and high input voltage
applications. The main parameter affected by the inductor is
the amplitude of the inductor ripple current (ΔiL). ΔiL can be
calculated with:
(18)
Where V IN is the maximum input voltage and fSW is typically
359 kHz.
If the output current IOUT is determined by assuming that
IOUT = IL, the higher and lower peak of ΔiL can be determined.
30151385
DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION AND CONTINUOUS
CONDUCTION MODES
At light load the regulator will operate in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). With load currents above the critical
conduction point, it will operate in continuous conduction
mode (CCM). When operating in DCM, inductor current is
maintained to an average value equaling Iout . In DCM the
low-side switch will turn off when the inductor current falls to
zero, this causes the inductor current to resonate. Although it
is in DCM, the current is allowed to go slightly negative to
charge the bootstrap capacitor.
In CCM, current flows through the inductor through the entire
switching cycle and never falls to zero during the off-time.
Following is a comparison pair of waveforms showing both
the CCM (upper) and DCM operating modes.
CCM and DCM Operating Modes
VIN = 12V, VO = 3.3V, IO = 3A/0.3A
30151386
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18
LMZ13610
Typical Application Schematic Diagram and BOM
301513a1
FIGURE 4.
Typical Application Bill of Materials — Table 1
Ref Des
Description
Case Size
Manufacturer
Manufacturer P/N
U1
SIMPLE SWITCHER ®
TO-PMOD-11
National Semiconductor
LMZ13610TZ
CIN1,6 (OPT)
0.047 µF, 50V, X7R
1206
Yageo America
CC1206KRX7R9BB473
CIN2,3,4
10 µF, 50V, X7R
1210
Taiyo Yuden
UMK325BJ106MM-T
CIN5 (OPT)
CAP, AL, 150µF, 50V
Radial G
Panasonic
EEE-FK1H151P
CO1,5 (OPT)
0.047 µF, 50V, X7R
1206
Yageo America
CC1206KRX7R9BB473
CO2 (OPT)
47 µF, 10V, X7R
1210
Murata
GRM32ER61A476KE20L
CO3,4
330 μF, 6.3V, 0.015 ohm
CAPSMT_6_UE
Kemet
T520D337M006ATE015
RFBT
3.32 kΩ
0805
Panasonic
ERJ-6ENF3321V
RFBB
1.07 kΩ
0805
Panasonic
ERJ-6ENF1071V
RENT
42.2 kΩ
0805
Panasonic
ERJ-6ENF4222V
RENB
12.7 kΩ
0805
Panasonic
ERJ-6ENF1272V
CSS
0.47 μF, ±10%, X7R, 16V
0805
AVX
0805YC474KAT2A
D1 (OPT)
5.1V, 0.5W
SOD-123
Diodes Inc.
MMSZ5231BS-7-F
19
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LMZ13610
30151388
30151389
FIGURE 5. Layout Example
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20
LMZ13610
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
11-Lead TZA Package
NS Package Number TZA11A
21
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LMZ13610 10A SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Module with 36V Maximum Input Voltage
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