High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver FEATURES DESCRIPTION Ideal for Server Memory applications using +5V Separate HVCC and LVCC capable of drive voltages from 4.0 to 13.2V for optimal system efficiency Adjustable thermal warning flag for phase‐by‐ phase thermal protection Large drivers designed to drive 3nF in < 10ns with any voltage from 5V to 12V (typ) supplied to the HVCC and LVCC pins Low‐side driver – 2A source/4A sink High‐side driver – 2A source/2A sink Transitions times & Propagation delays < 10ns Integrated bootstrap diode Capable of high switching frequencies from 200kHz up to greater than 1MHz Compatible with IR’s patented Active Tri‐Level (ATL) PWM for fastest response to transient overshoot Non‐overlap and under voltage protection Thermally enhanced 10‐pin DFN package Lead free RoHS compliant package Low Quiescent power to optimize efficiency APPLICATIONS Multiphase synchronous buck converter for Server CPUs and DDR Memory VR solutions High efficiency and compact VRM Optimized for Sleep state S3 systems using +5VSB Notebook Computer and Graphics VR solutions BASIC APPLICATION Figure 1: CHL8515 Basic Application Circuit 1 CHL8515 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 The CHL8515 MOSFET driver is a high‐efficiency gate driver which can switch both high‐side and low‐side N‐channel external MOSFETs in a synchronous buck converter. It is intended for use with IR Digital PWM controllers to provide a total voltage regulator (VR) solution for today’s advanced computing applications. The CHL8515 driver is capable of rapidly switching large MOSFETs with low Rdson and large input capacitance used in high‐efficiency designs. It is uniquely designed to operate from a 5V source, minimizing load current. It also has separate HVCC and LVCC drive inputs, capable of 4.0V to 13.2V operation. Used in conjunction with IR’s Variable Gate Drive controller feature, or a 5V standby source in sleep mode, maximum power stage efficiency can be attained. The CHL8515 has a unique circuit which maintains drive strength to the external MOSFETs regardless of the drive voltage, insuring fast switching even at 5V as the drive voltage. The integrated boot diode reduces external component count. The CHL8515 also features an adaptive non‐overlap control for shoot‐through protection. The CHL8515 is configured to drive both the high and low‐side switches from the patented IR fast Active Tri‐Level (ATL) PWM signal, which will optimize the turn off time of individual phases, optimizing transient performance. Phase‐by‐phase thermal protection can be set from 61C to 150C with a simple resistor setting, and a thermal flag can be used to implement a thermal warning or thermal shutdown of the system by connecting OT# pins together and to the system enable in multiphase applications. PIN DIAGRAM Figure 2: CHL8515 Package Top View High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver CHL8515 ORDERING INFORMATION CHL8515 Package Tape & Reel Qty Part Number DFN 3000 CHL8515CRT T – Tape and Reel R – Package Type (DFN) C – Operating Temperature (Commercial Standard) Figure 3: CHL8515 Pin Diagram Enlarged 2 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 4: CHL8515 Simplified Functional Block Diagram 3 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 CHL8515 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver CHL8515 TYPICAL APPLICATION DIAGRAM Figure 5: 4+1 CPU VR solution using CHL8515 MOSFET Drivers & CHL8112A Controller and CHL8510 Driver as VGD 4 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver CHL8515 PIN DESCRIPTIONS PIN# PIN NAME 1 PWM The PWM signal is the control input for the driver from a 1.8V IR ATL‐based PWM signal. Connect this pin to the PWM output of the controller. 2 VCC Connect this pin to a +5V bias supply. Place a high quality low ESR ceramic capacitor from this pin to GND. 3 LVCC Connect this pin to a separate supply voltage between 4.0V and 13.2V to vary the drive voltage on the low‐side MOSFETs. Place a high quality low ESR ceramic capacitor from this pin to GND. 4 HVCC Connect this pin to a separate supply between 4.0V and 13.2V to provide a lower gate drive voltage on the high‐side MOSFETS. This is the anode of the internal bootstrap diode. Place a high quality low ESR ceramic capacitor from this pin to GND. 5 BOOT Floating bootstrap supply pin for the upper gate drive. Connect the bootstrap capacitor between this pin and the SWITCH pin. The bootstrap capacitor provides the charge to turn on the upper MOSFET. See the Internal Bootstrap Device section under DESCRIPTION for guidance in choosing the capacitor value. 6 HI_GATE Upper gate drive output. Connect to gate of high‐side power N‐Channel MOSFET. 7 SWITCH Connect this pin to the SOURCE of the upper MOSFET and the DRAIN of the lower MOSFET. This pin provides a return path for the upper gate drive 8 LO_GATE Lower gate drive output. Connect to gate of the low‐side power N‐Channel MOSFET. 9 OT# 10 OTSET PAD (11) GND 5 PIN DESCRIPTION Open drain active low signal indicating that the temperature of the Driver (very close to Phase temperature) has exceeded the value set by the OTSET pin. Connect to system controller or to system Enable to create a thermal shutdown. Use a 1% resistor to ground to set the Over Temperature set point from 61C to 150C. Leave open to use default setting of 150C. Bias and reference ground. All signals are referenced to this node. It is also the power ground return of the driver. December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver CHL8515 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VCC ‐0.3V to +7.0V LVCC, HVCC ‐0.3V to +15.0V PWM, OTSET, OT# ‐0.3V to +7.0V BOOT‐GND, BOOT‐SWITCH ‐0.3V to +35.0V, ‐0.3V to +HVCC LO_GATE ‐0.3V to LVCC + 0.3V, <200ns: ‐5V to LVCC + 0.3V HI_GATE SWITCH – 0.3V to VBOOT + 0.3V, <20ns: SWITCH –5V to VBOOT + 0.3V SWITCH ‐0.3V to +35.0V, <200ns, ‐8V ESD HBM 250V JEDEC Standard Thermal Information Thermal Resistance (θJC) 3°C/W 1 Thermal Resistance (θJA) 45°C/W Maximum Operating Junction Temperature 150°C Maximum Storage Temperature Range ‐65°C to 150°C Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) 300°C Note: 1. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications are not implied. 6 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver CHL8515 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR RELIABLE OPERATION WITH MARGIN Recommended Operating Ambient Temperature Range ‐40°C to 85°C Recommended Maximum Operating Junction Temperature 125°C Supply Voltage Range +5V ± 10% HVCC, LVCC +4.0V to +13.2V The electrical characteristics table lists the spread of values guaranteed within the recommended operating conditions. Typical values represent the median values, which are related to 25°C, unless otherwise specified. VCC = 5.0V, HVCC = 7.0V, LVCC = 5.0V. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT ‐ 2.3 ‐ mA 2.7 3.1 3.5 mA VCC Rising Threshold for POR 3.5 3.7 3.9 V VCC Falling Threshold for POR 3.2 3.4 3.6 V Supply Idle Supply Bias Current Active Supply Bias Current IVCC + IVDRV IVCC PWM input tri‐stated VCC = 5V OTSET, OT# Temperature Setpoint Open OT Rset = Open ‐ 150 ‐ °C Temperature Setpoint Resistor OT Rset = 100kΩ ‐ 125 ‐ °C Temperature Hysteresis OT_HYST ‐ ‐20 ‐ °C Temperature Flag Sink Current OT# Sink ‐ 1.5 ‐ mA Temperature Flag Sink Voltage OT# ‐ 0.8 ‐ V PWM Input High Threshold VIH(C_PWM) ‐ 1.0 ‐ V PWM Input Low Threshold VIL(C_PWM) ‐ 0.8 ‐ V PWM Input Tri‐level High Threshold VTL(C_PWM) ‐ 2.5 ‐‐ V PWM Input Tri‐level Low Threshold VTH(C_PWM) ‐ 2.3 ‐ V VPWM = 0V ‐ 1.0 ‐ mA VPWM = 1.8V ‐ 1.0 ‐ mA PWM Input IR ATL Mode PWM Input Current Low IC_PWM PWM Input Current High High‐Side Gate Driver Transition Time – Rise tR(HS) 3nF Load, 10% – 90% ‐ 10 ‐ ns Transition Time – Fall tF(HS) 3nF Load, 10% – 90% ‐ 8 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Turn‐on tPDH(HS) 3nF Load, Adaptive ‐ 19 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Turn‐off tPDL(HS) 3nF Load ‐ 20 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Exit Tri‐state tPDTS(HS_en) 3nF Load ‐ 35 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Enter Tri‐state tPDTS(HS_dis) 3nF Load ‐ 20 ‐ ns 7 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS CHL8515 MIN TYP MAX UNIT Source Current IHS_SOURCE 3nF Load ‐ 2 ‐ A Output Impedance Sourcing RHS_SOURCE Sink Current at 100mA ‐ 1.4 ‐ Ω Sink Current IHS_SINK 3nF Load ‐ 2 ‐ A Output Impedance – Sinking RHS_SINK Sink Current at 100mA ‐ 0.7 ‐ Ω Low‐Side Gate Driver Transition Time – Rise tF(LS) 3nF Load, 10% – 90% ‐ 10 ‐ ns Transition Time – Fall tR(LS) 3nF Load, 10% – 90% ‐ 7 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Turn‐on tPDH(LS) 3nF Load, Adaptive ‐ 9 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Turn‐off tPDL(LS) 3nF Load ‐ 25 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Exit Tri‐state tPDTS(LS_en) 3nF Load ‐ 36 ‐ ns Propagation Delay – Enter Tri‐state tPDTS(LS_dis) 3nF Load ‐ 22 ‐ ns Source Current ILS_SOURCE 3nF Load ‐ 2 ‐ A Output Impedance Sourcing RLS_SOURCE Sink Current at 100mA ‐ 1.5 ‐ Ω Sink Current ILS_SINK 3nF Load ‐ 4 ‐ A Output Impedance – Sinking RLS_SINK Sink Current at 100mA ‐ 0.4 ‐ Ω Note: 1 Guaranteed by design 8 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver TIMING DIAGRAM Active Tri-level (ATL) PWM operation Normal PWM operation PWM tPDL(HS) tPDL(HS) HI_GATE tF(HS) t R(HS) LO_GATE tF(LS) tPDL(LS) tPDTS(HS_en) tPDTS(HS_dis) tPDH(LS) tR(LS) tPDTS(LS_dis) tPDTS(LS_en) Figure 6: IR Active Tri‐Level (ATL) mode PWM, HI_GATE and LO_GATE signals 9 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 CHL8515 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver GENERAL DESCRIPTION The CHL8515 is a high efficiency, fast MOSFET driver with large source and sink current capability. It can reliably drive the external high‐ and low‐side N‐channel MOSFETs with large input capacitance at switching frequencies up to 1MHz. The patented IR Active Tri‐Level (ATL) feature allows complete control over enable and disable of both MOSFETs using the PWM input signal from the controller. The timing and voltage levels of ATL are shown in Figure 6. During normal operation the PWM transitions between low and high voltage levels to drive the low‐ and high‐side MOSFETs. The PWM signal falling edge transition to a low voltage threshold initiates the high‐side driver turn off after a short propagation delay, tPDL(HS). The dead time control circuit monitors the HI_GATE and switch voltages to ensure the high‐side MOSFET is turned off before the LO_GATE voltage is allowed to rise to turn on the low‐side MOSFET. The PWM rising edge transition through the high‐side turn on threshold, initiates the turn off of the low‐side MOSFET after a small propagation delay, tPDL(LS). The adaptive dead time circuit provides the appropriate dead time by determining if the falling LO_GATE voltage threshold has been crossed before allowing the HI_GATE voltage to rise and turn on the high‐side MOSFET, tPDH(HS). . 10 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 CHL8515 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver THEORY OF OPERATION POWER‐ON RESET (POR) CHL8515 applications with a limited number of board layers. It also provides switching free of shoot through for slow PWM transition times of up to 20ns. The CHL8515 is therefore tolerant of stray capacitance on the PWM signal lines. The CHL8515 incorporates a power‐on reset feature. This ensures that both the high‐ and low‐side output drivers are made active only after the device supply voltage has exceeded a certain minimum operating threshold. The Vcc and Vdrv supply is monitored and both the drivers are set to the low state, holding both external MOSFETs off. Once Vcc and Vdrv crosses the rising POR threshold, the CHL8515 is reset and the outputs are held in the low state until a transition from tri‐state to active operation is detected at the PWM input. During normal operation the drivers continue to remain active until the Vcc and Vdrv falls below the falling POR threshold. The CHL8515 provides a 1.0mA typical pull‐up current to drive the PWM input to the tri‐state condition of 3.3V when the PWM controller output is in its high impedance state. The 1.0mA typical current is designed for driving worst case stray capacitances and transition the CHL8515 into the tri‐state condition rapidly to avoid a prolonged period of conduction of the high‐ or low‐side MOSFETs during faults. Immediately after the driver is driven into the tri‐state mode, the 1mA current is disables such that power is conserved. INTEGRATED BOOTSTRAP DIODE One advantage of this fast tri‐state scheme is the ability to quickly turn‐off all low‐side MOSFETs during a load release event. This is known as diode emulation since all the load current is forced to flow momentarily through the body diodes of the MOSFETs. This results in a much lower overshoot on the output voltage as can be seen in Figure 7 below. The CHL8515 features an integrated bootstrap diode to reduce external component count. This enables the CHL8515 to be used effectively in cost and space sensitive designs. The bootstrap circuit is used to establish the gate voltage for the high‐side driver. It consists of a diode and capacitor connected between the SWITCH and BOOT pins of the device. Integrating the diode within the CHL8515, results in the need for an external boot capacitor only. The bootstrap capacitor is charged through the diode and injects this charge into the high‐side MOSFET input capacitance when PWM signal goes high. DIODE EMULATION DURING LOAD RELEASE I_out 105A to 10A V_out without diode emulation Overshoots ~25mV over 0A level V_out with Diode Emulation Overshoot within 0A level Results in reduction of 30mV overshoot IR ACTIVE TRI‐LEVEL (ATL) PWM INPUT SIGNAL The CHL8515 gate drivers are driven by a patented tri‐level PWM control signal provided by the IR digital PWM controllers. During normal operation, the rising and falling edges of the PWM signal transitions between 0V and 1.8V to switch the LO_GATE and HI_GATE. To force both driver outputs low simultaneously, the PWM signal crosses a tri‐state voltage level higher than the tri‐state HI_GATE threshold. This threshold based tri‐state results in a very fast disable for both the drivers, with only a small tri‐state propagation delay. MOSFET switching resumes when the PWM signal falls below the tri‐state threshold into the normal operating voltage range. This fast tri‐state operation eliminates the need for any tri‐state hold‐off time of the PWM signal to dwell in the shutdown window. Dedicated disable or enable pins are not required which simplifies the routing and layout in 11 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 Figure 7: Output Voltage Overshoot Reduction with Diode Emulation START UP During initial startup, the CHL8515 holds both high‐ and low‐side drivers low even after POR threshold is reached. This mode is maintained while the PWM signal is pulled to the tri‐state threshold level greater than the tri‐state HI_GATE threshold and until it transitions out of tri‐state. It is this initial transition out of the tri‐state which enables both drivers to switch based on the normal PWM voltage levels. High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver This startup also ensures that any undetermined PWM signal levels from a controller in pre‐POR state will not result in high‐ or low‐side MOSFET turn on until the controller is out of its POR. HIGH‐SIDE DRIVER The high‐side driver drives an external floating N‐channel MOSFET which can be switched at 1MHz. An external bootstrap circuit referenced to the SWITCH node, consisting of a boot diode and capacitor is used to bias the external MOSFET gate. When the SWITCH node is at ground, the boot capacitor is charged to near the supply voltage using the boot diode and this stored charge is used to turn on the external MOSFET when the PWM signal goes high. Once the high‐side MOSFET is turned on, the SWITCH voltage raises to the supply voltage and the boot voltage to twice the supply voltage. When the PWM signal goes low, the MOSFET is turned off by pulling the MOSFET gate to the SWITCH voltage. LOW‐SIDE DRIVER The CHL8515 low‐side driver is designed to drive an external N‐channel MOSFET referenced to ground at 1MHz. The low‐side driver is connected internally to the supply voltage to turn the MOSFET on. When the low‐side MOSFET is turned on the SWITCH node is pulled to ground. This allows charging of the boot capacitor to the supply voltage ready to drive the high‐side MOSFET based on the PWM signal level. ADAPTIVE DEAD TIME ADJUSTMENT In a synchronous buck configuration dead time between the turn off of one gate and turn on of the other is necessary to prevent simultaneous conduction of the external MOSFETS. It prevents a shoot‐through condition which would result in a short of the supply voltage to ground. A fixed dead time does not provide optimal performance over a variety of MOSFETs, converter duty cycles and board layouts. The CHL8515 provides an ‘adaptive’ dead time adjustment. This feature minimizes dead time to an optimum duration which allows for maximum efficiency. The ‘break before make’ adaptive design is achieved by monitoring gate and SWITCH voltages to determine OFF status of a MOSFET. It also provides zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) of the low‐ side MOSFET with minimum current conduction through its body‐diode. 12 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 CHL8515 When the PWM is switching between 1.8V and 0V, its falling edge transition from high to low will turn off the high‐side gate driver. The adaptive dead time circuit monitors the HI_GATE and the SWITCH node voltages during the high‐side MOSFET turn off. When the HI_GATE falls below 1.7V above the SWITCH node potential or the SWITCH node voltage drops below 0.8V the high‐side MOSFET is determined to be turned off and the LO_GATE turn on is initiated. This turns on the external low‐side MOSFET. The rising edge transition of the PWM signal from low to high voltage causes the low‐side gate driver to turn off. The adaptive circuit monitors the voltage at LO_GATE and when it falls below 1.7V, the low‐side MOSFET is determined to be turned off and the high‐side MOSFET turn on is initiated. High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver APPLICATION INFORMATION BOOT STRAP CIRCUIT Once the high‐side MOSFET selection is made, the bootstrap circuit can be defined. The integrated boot diode of the CHL8515 reduces the external component count for use in cost and space sensitive designs. For ultra high efficiency designs, an external boot strap diode is recommended. The bootstrap capacitor CBoot stores the charge and provides the voltage required to drive the external high‐ side MOSFET gate. The minimum capacitor value can be defined by: CBoot = QHS MOSFET_gate / ∆VBoot CHL8515 The equation defining the overtemperature setpoint, OTSET as a function of RSET (Figure 6) is: OTSET 150C 89C 38k 38k RSET The resistor RSET is therefore calculated as: RSET 38k 89C 38k 150C OTSET Leaving the OTSET pin open will cause the system to use the default 150ºC setpoint. A 1% or better resistor should be used for the best accuracy. Figure 7 shows the values of RSET chosen as a function of the desired overtemperature setpoint. where, QHS MOSFET_gate is the total gate charge of the high‐side external MOSFET(s) ∆VBoot is the droop allowed on the boot capacitor voltage (at the high‐side MOSFET gate) A series resistor, 1Ω to 4Ω, may be added to customize the rise time of the high‐side output. Slowing down this output allows setting the phase node rising slew rate and limits the surge current into the boot capacitor on start‐up. ADJUSTABLE OVER TEMPERATURE In high density multiphase VR solutions, the MOSFET driver is often located very close to the MOSFETS. Differences in temperature that occurs from phase to phase in a system can occur due to mis‐matched thermal solutions, airflow, surrounding components or manufacturing errors and can often cause poor efficiency or even system failures if not monitored. The CHL8515 utilizes the MOSFET Driver die temperature as an indicator of the overall temperature of each phase. The OTSET feature allows the user to vary the OT# flag indicator from 61ºC to 150ºC using a simple resistor. 13 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 Figure 8: Choosing Overtemperature using RSET The OT# flag an open drain signal and is active low as the temperature of the CHL8515 die exceeds the OTSET point. The user can monitor one or all phases, or tie the phases together and to a system level enable to implement an over‐temperature shutdown feature in the VR solution. SUPPLY DECOUPLING CAPACITOR VCC decoupling to the IR3598 is provided by a 0.1µF bypass capacitor CVcc located close to the supply input pin. A series resistor Rvcc, typically 10Ω, is added in series with the supply voltage to filter high frequency ringing and noise. A 1.0µF or higher capacitor is recommended for the VDRV decoupling capacitor, CDRV. High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS PCB layout and design is important to driver performance in voltage regulator circuits due to the high current slew rate (di/dt) during MOSFET switching. Locate all power components in each phase as close to each other as practically possible in order to minimize parasitics and losses, allowing for reasonable airflow. Input supply decoupling and bootstrap capacitors should be physically located close to their respective IC pins. High current paths like the gate driver traces should be as wide and short as practically possible. Trace inductances to the high‐ and low‐side MOSFETs should be minimized. The ground connection of the IC should be as close as possible to the low‐side MOSFET source. Use of a copper plane under and around the IC and thermal vias to connect to buried copper layers improves the thermal performance. MOSFET stages should be well bypassed with capacitors placed between the drain of the HIGH‐side MOSFET and the source of the LOW‐side MOSFET. 14 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 CHL8515 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver MARKING INFORMATION PART NUMBER LOT # & WAFER CODE ASSEMBLER/DATE CODE 8515 ZZZ-XX AYYWW PIN 1 Figure 8: Package Marking PACKAGE INFORMATION DFN 3x3mm, 10 pin Figure 9: Package Dimensions 15 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05 CHL8515 High‐Efficiency Variable Gate MOSFET Driver CHL8515 Data and specifications subject to change without notice. This product will be designed and qualified for the Consumer market. Qualification Standards can be found on IR’s Web site. IR WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 233 Kansas St., El Segundo, California 90245, USA Tel: (310) 252‐7105 TAC Fax: (310) 252‐7903 Visit us at www.irf.com for sales contact information. www.irf.com 16 December 6, 2011 | FINAL | V1.05