IK Semicon IN74HC4046AD Phase-locked loop high-performance silicon-gate cmo Datasheet

TECHNICAL DATA
IN74HC4046A
Phase-Locked Loop
High-Performance Silicon-Gate CMOS
The device inputs are compatible with standard CMOS outputs; with
pullup resistors, they are compatible with LS/ALSTTL outputs.
The IN74HC4046A phase-locked loop contains three phase
comparators, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and unity gain op-amp
DEMOUT. The comparators have two common signal inputs, COMPIN, and
SIGIN. Input SIGIN and COMPIN can be used directly coupled to large
voltage signals, or indirectly coupled (with a series capacitor to small
voltage signals). The self-bias circuit adjusts small voltage signals in the
linear region of the amplifier. Phase comparator 1 (an exclusive OR gate)
provides a digital error signal PC1OUT and maintains 90 degrees phase
shift at the center frequency between SIGIN and COMPIN signals (both at
ORDERING INFORMATION
50% duty cycle). Phase comparator 2 (with leading-edge sensing logic)
IN74HC4046AN Plastic
provides digital error signals PC2OUT and PCPOUT and maintains a 0
IN74HC4046AD SOIC
degree phase shift between SIGIN and COMPIN signals (duty cycle is
TA = -55° to 125° C for all packages
immaterial). The linear VCO produces an output signal VCOOUT whose
frequency is determined by the voltage of input VCOIN signal and the
capacitor and resistors connected to pins C1A, C1B, R1 and R2. The unity
gain op-amp output DEMOUT with an external resistor is used where the VCOIN signal is needed but no loading can be
tolerated. The inhibit input, when high, disables the VCO and all on-amps to minimize standby power consumption.
Applications include FM and FSK modulation and demodulation, frequency synthesis and multiplication, frequency
discrimination, tone decoding, data synchronization and conditioning, voltage-to-frequency conversion and motor speed
control.
• Low Power Consumption Characteristic of CMOS Device
• Operating Speeds Similary to LS/ALSTTL
PIN ASSIGNMENT
• Wide Operating Voltage Range: 3.0 to 6.0 V
• Low Input Current: 1.0 µA Maximum (except SIGIN and COMPIN)
• Low Quiescent Current: 80 µA Maximum (VCO disabled)
• High Noise Immunity Characteristic of CMOS Devices
• Diode Protection on all Inputs
Pin No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Symbol
PCPOUT
PC1OUT
COMPIN
VCOOUT
INH
C1A
C1B
GND
VCOIN
DEMOUT
R1
R2
PC2OUT
SIGIN
PC3OUT
VCC
Name and Function
Phase Comparator Pulse Output
Phase Comparator 1 Output
Comparator Input
VCO Output
Inhibit Input
Capacitor C1 Connection A
Capacitor C1 Connection B
Ground (0 V) VSS
VCO Input
Demodulator Output
Resistor R1 Connection
Resistor R2 Connection
Phase Comparator 2 Output
Signal Input
Phase Comparator 3 Output
Positive Supply Voltage
Rev. 00
IN74HC4046A
MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Symbol
Parameter
Value
Unit
-0.5 to +7.0
V
VCC
DC Supply Voltage (Referenced to GND)
VIN
DC Input Voltage (Referenced to GND)
-1.5 to VCC +1.5
V
DC Output Voltage (Referenced to GND)
-0.5 to VCC +0.5
V
DC Input Current, per Pin
±20
mA
IOUT
DC Output Current, per Pin
±25
mA
ICC
DC Supply Current, VCC and GND Pins
±50
mA
PD
Power Dissipation in Still Air, Plastic DIP+
SOIC Package+
750
500
mW
-65 to +150
°C
260
°C
VOUT
IIN
Tstg
TL
Storage Temperature
Lead Temperature, 1 mm from Case for 10 Seconds
(Plastic DIP or SOIC Package)
*
Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation should be restricted to the Recommended Operating Conditions.
+Derating - Plastic DIP: - 10 mW/°C from 65° to 125°C
SOIC Package: : - 7 mW/°C from 65° to 125°C
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
VCC
DC Supply Voltage (Referenced to GND) VCO only
3.0
6.0
V
VCC
DC Supply Voltage (Referenced to GND) NON-VCO
2.0
6.0
V
0
VCC
V
-55
+125
°C
0
0
0
1000
500
400
ns
VIN, VOUT
DC Input Voltage, Output Voltage (Referenced to GND)
TA
Operating Temperature, All Package Types
tr, tf
Input Rise and Fall Time (Figure 1)
VCC =2.0 V
VCC =4.5 V
VCC =6.0 V
This device contains protection circuitry to guard against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields.
However, precautions must be taken to avoid applications of any voltage higher than maximum rated voltages to this
high-impedance circuit. For proper operation, VIN and VOUT should be constrained to the range GND≤(VIN or
VOUT)≤VCC.
Unused inputs must always be tied to an appropriate logic voltage level (e.g., either GND or VCC). Unused
outputs must be left open.
Rev. 00
IN74HC4046A
[Phase Comparator Section]
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Voltages Referenced to GND)
VCC
V
25 °C
to
-55°C
≤85
°C
≤125
°C
Unit
VOUT= 0.1 V or VCC-0.1 V
IOUT≤ 20 µA
2.0
4.5
6.0
1.5
3.15
4.2
1.5
3.15
4.2
1.5
3.15
4.2
V
Maximum Low Level Input Voltage
DC Coupled
SIGIN , COMPIN
VOUT=0.1 V or VCC-0.1 V
IOUT ≤ 20 µA
2.0
4.5
6.0
0.5
1.35
1.8
0.5
1.35
1.8
0.5
1.35
1.8
V
Minimum High-Level
Output Voltage
PCPOUT, PCnOUT
VIN=VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 20 µA
2.0
4.5
6.0
1.9
4.4
5.9
1.9
4.4
5.9
1.9
4.4
5.9
V
4.5
6.0
3.98
5.48
3.84
5.34
3.7
5.2
2.0
4.5
6.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
4.5
6.0
0.26
0.26
0.33
0.33
0.4
0.4
Symbol
Parameter
VIH
Minimum High-Level
Input Voltage DC
Coupled
SIGIN , COMPIN
VIL
VOH
Test Conditions
VIN= VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 4.0 mA
IOUT ≤ 5.2 mA
VOL
Guaranteed Limit
Maximum Low-Level
Output Voltage Qa-Qh
PCPOUT, PCnOUT
VIN=VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 20 µA
VIN= VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 4.0 mA
IOUT ≤ 5.2 mA
V
IIN
Maximum Input
Leakage Current
SIGIN , COMPIN
VIN=VCC or GND
2.0
3.0
4.5
6.0
±3.0
±7.0
±18.0
±30.0
±4.0
±9.0
±23.0
±38.0
±5.0
±11.0
±27.0
±45.0
µA
IOZ
Maximum ThreeState Leakage
Current PC2OUT
Output in High-Impedance
State
VIN= VIL or VIH
VOUT=VCC or GND
6.0
±0.5
±5.0
±10
µA
ICC
Maximum Quiescent
Supply Current
(per Package)
(VCO disabled)
Pins 3,5 and 14 at
VCC
Pin 9 at GND; Input
Leacage at
Pin 3 and 14 to be
excluded
VIN=VCC or GND
IOUT=0µA
6.0
4.0
40
160
µA
Rev. 00
IN74HC4046A
[Phase Comparator Section]
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CL=50pF,Input tr=tf=6.0 ns)
Guaranteed Limit
VCC
Symbol
Parameter
V
25 °C to
-55°C
≤85°C
≤125°C
Unit
tPLH, tPHL
Maximum Propagation Delay, SIGIN/COMPIN to
PC1OUT (Figure 1)
2.0
4.5
6.0
175
35
30
220
44
37
265
53
45
ns
tPLH, tPHL
Maximum Propagation Delay, SIGIN/COMPIN to
PCPOUT (Figure 1)
2.0
4.5
6.0
340
68
58
425
85
72
510
102
87
ns
tPLH, tPHL
Maximum Propagation Delay , SIGIN/COMPIN to
PC3OUT (Figure 1)
2.0
4.5
6.0
270
54
46
340
68
58
405
81
69
ns
tPLZ, tPHZ
Maximum Propagation Delay , SIGIN/COMPIN
Output Disable Time to PC2OUT
(Figures 2 and 3)
2.0
4.5
6.0
200
40
34
250
50
43
300
60
51
ns
tPZL, tPZH
Maximum Propagation Delay , SIGIN/COMPIN
Output Enable Time to PC2OUT
(Figures 2 and 3)
2.0
4.5
6.0
230
46
39
290
58
49
345
69
59
ns
tTLH, tTHL
Maximum Output Transition Time (Figure 1)
2.0
4.5
6.0
75
15
13
95
19
16
110
22
19
ns
[VCO Section]
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Voltages Referenced to GND)
VCC
V
25 °C to-55°C
≤85°C
≤125°C
Unit
VOUT= 0.1 V or
VCC-0.1 V
IOUT≤ 20 µA
3.0
4.5
6.0
2.1
3.15
4.2
2.1
3.15
4.2
2.1
3.15
4.2
V
Maximum Low -Level
Input Voltage INH
VOUT=0.1 V or
VCC-0.1 V
IOUT ≤ 20 µA
3.0
4.5
6.0
0.90
1.35
1.8
0.90
1.35
1.8
0.90
1.35
1.8
V
Minimum High-Level
Output Voltage
VCOOUT
VIN=VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 20 µA
3.0
4.5
6.0
1.9
4.4
5.9
1.9
4.4
5.9
1.9
4.4
5.9
V
4.5
6.0
3.98
5.48
3.84
5.34
3.7
5.2
3.0
4.5
6.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
4.5
6.0
0.26
0.26
0.33
0.33
0.4
0.4
Symbol
Parameter
VIH
Minimum High-Level
Input Voltage INH
VIL
VOH
Test Conditions
VIN= VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 4.0 mA
IOUT ≤ 5.2 mA
VOL
Guaranteed Limit
Maximum Low-Level
Output Voltage
VCOOUT
VIN=VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 20 µA
VIN= VIH or VIL
IOUT ≤ 4.0 mA
IOUT ≤ 5.2 mA
V
(continued)
Rev. 00
IN74HC4046A
[VCO Section]
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Voltages Referenced to GND) - continued
Guaranteed Limit
VCC
Symbol
Parameter
Test Conditions
V
25 °C to
-55°C
≤85°C
≤125°C
Unit
IIN
Maximum Input
Leakage Current INH,
VCOIN
VIN =Vcc or GND
6.0
0.1
1.0
1.0
µA
VVCOIN
R1
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Operating Voltage
INH= VIL
Range at VCOIN over
the range specified for
R1; For linearity see
Fig.13A, Parallel value
of R1 and R2 should
be >2.7 kΩ
3.0
4.5
6.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
2.5
4.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
2.5
4.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
2.5
4.0
V
Resistor Range
3.0
4.5
6.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
300
300
300
3.0
3.0
3.0
300
300
300
3.0
3.0
3.0
300
300
300
kΩ
3.0
4.5
6.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
300
300
300
3.0
3.0
3.0
300
300
300
3.0
3.0
3.0
300
300
300
3.0
4.5
6.0
40
40
40
No
Limit
R2
C1
Min
Capacitor Range
pF
[VCO Section]
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CL=50pF,Input tr=tf=6.0 ns)
VCC
Symbol
Parameter
V
Guaranteed Limit
25 °C to
-55°C
Min
∆f/T
fo
Frequency Stability with Temperature
Changes (Figures 11A,B,C)
3.0
4.5
6.0
VCO Center Frequency
(Duty Factor = 50%)
(Figures 12A,B,C)
3.0
4.5
6.0
≤85°C
Max
Min
Max
≤125°C
Min
Unit
Max
%/K
3
11
13
MHz
∆fVCO VCO Frequency Linearity
3.0
4.5
6.0
See Figures 13A,B
%
∂VCO
3.0
4.5
6.0
Typical 50%
%
Duty Factor at VCOOUT
Rev. 00
IN74HC4046A
[Demodulator Section]
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Guaranteed Limit
VCC
Symbol
RS
Parameter
Test Conditions
V
25 °C to
-55°C
Min
Max
50
50
50
300
300
300
≤85°C
Min
Max
≤125°C
Min
Unit
Max
Resistor Range
At RS > 300 kΩ
the Leakage
Current can
Influence
VDEMOUT
3.0
4.5
6.0
VOFF
Offset Voltage VCOIN
to VDEMOUT
VI = VVCOIN =
1/2 VCC; Values
taken over RS
Range
3.0
4.5
6.0
See Figure 10
mV
RD
Dynamic Output
Resistance at DEMOUT
VDEMOUT =
1/2 VCC
3.0
4.5
6.0
Typical 25 Ω
Ω
kΩ
Figure 1. Switching Waveforms
Figure 2. Switching Waveforms
Figure 3. Switching Waveforms
Figure 4. Test Circuit
Rev. 00
IN74HC4046A
DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Voltage Controlled Oscillator/Demodulator Output
The VCO requires two or three external
components to operate. These are R1, R2, C1. Resistor R1
and Capacitor C1 are selected to determine the center
frequency of the VCO (see typical performance curves
Figure 12). R2 can be used to set the offset frequency with
0 volts at VCO input. For example, if R2 is decreased, the
offset frequency is increased. If R2 is omitted the VCO
range is from 0 Hz. By increasing the value of R2 the lock
range of the PLL is increased and the gain (volts/Hz) is
decreased. Thus, for a narrow lock range, large swings on
the VCO input will cause less frequency variation.
Internally, the resistors set a current in a current
mirror, as shown in Figure 5. The mirrored current drives
one side of the capacitor. Once the voltage across the
capacitor charges up to Vref of the comparators, the
oscillator logic flips the capacitor which causes the mirror
to change the opposite side of the capacitor. The output
from the internal logic is then taken to VCO output (Pin4).
The input to the VCO is a very high impedance
CMOS input and thus will not load down the loop filter,
easing the filters design. In order to make signals at the
VCO input accessible without degrading the loop
performance, the VCO input voltage is buffered through a
unity gain Op-amp, to Demod Output. This Op-amp can
drive loads of 50K ohms or more and provides no loading
effects to the VCO input voltage (see Figure 10).
An inhibit input is provided to allow disabling of
the VCO and all Op-amps (see Figure 5). This is useful if
the internal VCO is not being used. A logic high on inhibit
disables the VCO and all Op-amps, minimizing standby
power consumption.
The output of the VCO is a standard high speed
CMOS output with an equivalent LS-TTL fan out of 10.
The VCO output is approximately a square wave. This
output can either directly feed the COMPIN of the phase
comparators or feed external prescalers (counters) to
enable frequency synthesis.
Figure 5. Logic Diagram for VCO
Rev. 00
IN74HC4046A
Phase Comparators
All three phase comparators have two inputs, SIGIN
and COMPIN. The SIGIN and COMPIN have a special DC
bias network that enables AC coupling of input signals. If
the signals are not AC coupled, standard IN74HC input
levels are required. Both input structures are shown in
Figure 6. The outputs of these comparators are essentially
standard IN74HC outputs (comparator 2 is TRISTATEABLE). In normal operation VCC and ground
voltage levels are fed to the loop filter. This differs from
some phase detectors which supply a current to the loop
filter and should be considered in the design.
Figure 6. Logic Diagram for Phase Comparators
Phase Comparator 1
This comparator is a simple XOR gate similar to
the IN74HC86. Its operation is similar to an overdriven
balanced modulator. To maximize lock range the input
frequencies must have a 50% duty cycle. Typical input
and output waveforms are shown in Figure 7. The output
of the phase detector feeds the loop filter which averages
the output voltage. The frequency range upon which the
PLL will lock onto if initially out of lock is defined as the
capture range.The capture range for phase detector 1 is
dependent on the loop filter design. The capture range can
be as large as the lock range, which is equal to the VCO
frequency range.
To see how the detector operates, refer to Figure 7.
When two square wave signals are applied to this
comparator, an output waveform (whose duty cycle is
dependent on the phase difference between the two
signals) results. As the phase difference increases, the
output duty cycle increases and the voltage after the loop
filter increases. In order to achieve lock when the PLL
input frequency increases, the VCO input voltage must
increase and the phase difference between COMPIN and
SIGIN will increase. At an input frequency equal to fmin,
the VCO input is at 0 V
Figure 7. Typical Waveforms for PLL Using
Phase Comparator 1
This requires the phase detector output to be
grounded; hence, the two input signals must be in phase.
When the input frequency is fmax, the VCO input must be
VCC and the phase detector inputs must be 180 degrees out
of phase.
The XOR is more susceptible to locking onto
harmonics of the SIGIN than the digital phase detector 2.
For instance, a signal 2 times the VCO frequency results
in the same output duty cycle as a signal equal to the VCO
frequency. The difference is that the output frequency of
the 2f example is twice that of the other example. The
loop filter and VCO range should be designed to prevent
locking on to harmonics.
8
TECHNICAL DATA
Phase Comparator 2
This detector is a digital memory network. It
consists of four flip-flops and some gating logic, a three
state output and a phase pulse output as shown in Figure 6.
This comparator acts only on the positive edges of the
input signals and is independent of duty cycle.
Phase comparator 2 operates in such a way as to
force the PLL into lock with 0 phase difference between
the VCO output and the signal input positive waveform
edges. Figure 8 shows some typical loop waveforms. First
assume that SIGIN is leading the COMPIN. This means that
the VCO’s frequency must be increased to bring its leding
edge into proper phase alignment. Thus the phase detector
2 output is set high. This will cause the loop filter to
charge up the VCO input, increasing the VCO frequency.
Once the leading edge of the COMPIN is detected, the
output goes TRI-STATE holding the VCO input at the
loop filter voltage. If the VCO still lags the SIGIN then the
phase detector will again charge up the VCO input for the
time between the leading edges of both waveforms.
If the VCO leads the SIGIN then when the leading
edge of the VCO is seen; the output of the phase
comparator goes low. This discharges the loop filter until
the leading edge of the SIGIN is detected at which time the
output disables itself again. This has the effect of slowing
down the VCO to again make the rising edges of both
waveforms coincidental.
When the PLL is out of lock, the VCO will be
running either slower or faster than the SIGIN. If it is
running slower the phase detector will see more SIGIN
rising edges and so the output of the phase comparator
will be high a majority of the time, raising the VCO’s
frequency. Conversely, if the VCO is running faster than
the SIGIN, the output of the detector will be low most of
the time and the VCO’s output frequency will be
decreased.
As one can see, when the PLL is locked, the output
of phase comparator 2 will be disabled except for minor
corrections at the leading edge of the waveforms. When
PC2 is TRI-STATED, the PCP output is high. This output
can be used to determine when the PLL is in the locked
condition.
This detector has several interesting characteristics.
Over the entire VCO frequency range there is no phase
difference between the COMPIN and the SIGIN. The lock
range of the PLL is the same as the capture range.
Minimal power was consumed in the loop filter since in
lock the detector output is a high impedance. When no
SIGIN is present, the detector will see only VCO leading
edges, so the comparator output will stay low, forcing the
VCO to fmin.
Phase comparator 2 is more susceptible to noise,
causing the PLL to unlock. If a noise pulse is seen on the
SIGIN, the comparator treats it as another positive edge of
the SIGIN and will cause the output to go high until the
VCO leding edge is see, potentially for an entire SIGIN
period. This would cause the VCO to speed up during that
time. When using PC1, the output of that phase detector
would be disturbed for only the short duration of the noise
spike and would cause less upset.
Phase Comparator 3
This is positive edge-triggered sequential phase
detector using an RS flip-flop as shown in Figure 6. When
the PLL is using this comparator, the loop is controlled by
positive signal transitions and the duty factors of SIGIN
and COMPIN are not important. It has some similar
characteristics to the edge sensitive comparator. To see
how this detector works, assume input pulses are applied
to the SIGNIN and COMPIN’s as shown in Figure 9. When
the SIGNIN leads the COMPIN, the flop is set. This will
charge the loop filter and cause the VCO to speed up,
bringing the comparator into phase with the SIGIN. The
phase angle between SIGIN and COMPIN varies from 0° to
360° and is 180° at fo. The voltage swing for PC3 is
greater than for PC2 but consequently has more ripple in
the signal to the VCO .When no SIGIN is present the VCO
will be forced to fmax as opposed to fmin when PC2 is used.
The operating characteristics of all three phase
comparators tors should be compared to the requirement
of the system design and the appropriate one should be
used.
Figure 8. Typical Waveforms for PLL Using
Phase Comparator 2
Figure 9. Typical Waveforms for PLL Using
Phase Comparator 3
9
IN74HC4046A
Figure 10. Offset Voltage at Demodulator Output
as a Function of VCOIN and RS
Figure 11A. Frequency Stability versus Ambient
Temperature: VCC = 3.0 V
Figure 11B. Frequency Stability versus Ambient
Temperature: VCC = 4.5 V
Figure 11C. Frequency Stability versus Ambient
Temperature: VCC = 6.0 V
Figure 12A. VCO Frequency (fVCO) as a Function of
the VCO Input Voltage (VVCOIN)
Figure 12B. VCO Frequency (fVCO) as a Function of
the VCO Input Voltage (VVCOIN)
10
IN74HC4046A
Figure 12C. VCO Frequency (fVCO) as a Function of
the VCO Input Voltage (VVCOIN)
Figure 12D. VCO Frequency (fVCO) as a Function of
the VCO Input Voltage (VVCOIN)
Figure 13A. Frequency Linearity versus R1,C1 and
VCC
Figure 13B. Definition of VCO Frequency
Linearity)
11
IN74HC4046A
N SUFFIX PLASTIC DIP
(MS - 001BB)
A
Dimension, mm
9
16
Symbol
MIN
MAX
A
18.67
19.69
B
6.1
7.11
B
1
8
5.33
C
F
L
C
D
0.36
0.56
F
1.14
1.78
G
2.54
H
7.62
-T- SEATING
PLANE
N
G
K
M
H
D
J
0.25 (0.010) M T
NOTES:
1. Dimensions “A”, “B” do not include mold flash or protrusions.
Maximum mold flash or protrusions 0.25 mm (0.010) per side.
J
0°
10°
K
2.92
3.81
L
7.62
8.26
M
0.2
0.36
N
0.38
D SUFFIX SOIC
(MS - 012AC)
Dimension, mm
A
16
9
H
B
1
G
P
8
R x 45
C
-TK
D
SEATING
PLANE
J
0.25 (0.010) M T C M
NOTES:
1. Dimensions A and B do not include mold flash or protrusion.
2. Maximum mold flash or protrusion 0.15 mm (0.006) per side
for A; for B ‑ 0.25 mm (0.010) per side.
F
M
Symbol
MIN
MAX
A
9.8
10
B
3.8
4
C
1.35
1.75
D
0.33
0.51
F
0.4
1.27
G
1.27
H
5.72
J
0°
8°
K
0.1
0.25
M
0.19
0.25
P
5.8
6.2
R
0.25
0.5
12