Fully Accurate, 12-/14-/16-Bit, Dual, VOUT nanoDAC SPI Interface, 4.5 V to 5.5 V in a TSSOP AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 ence buffer is provided on chip. The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 incorporate a power-on reset circuit that ensures the DAC output powers up zero scale or midscale and remains there until a valid write takes place to the device. The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 contain a power-down feature that reduces the current consumption of the device to typically 400 nA at 5 V and provides software selectable output loads while in power-down mode. The parts are put into power-down mode over the serial interface. Total unadjusted error for the parts is <2.5 mV. The parts exhibit very low glitch on power-up. The outputs of all DACs can be updated simultaneously using the LDAC function, with the added functionality of user-selectable DAC channels to simultaneously update. There is also an asynchronous CLR that clears all DACs to a software-selectable code—0 V, midscale, or full scale. The parts also feature a power-down lockout pin, PDL, which can be used to prevent the DAC from entering power-down under any circumstances over the serial interface. FEATURES Low power dual 12-/14-/16-bit DAC, ±1 LSB INL Individual voltage reference pins Rail-to-rail operation 4.5 V to 5.5 V power supply Power-on reset to zero scale or midscale Power down to 400 nA @ 5 V 3 power-down functions Per channel power-down Low glitch upon power-up Hardware power-down lockout capability Hardware LDAC with software LDAC override function CLR function to programmable code SDO daisy-chaining option 14-lead TSSOP APPLICATIONS Process controls Data acquisition systems Portable battery-powered instruments Digital gain and offset adjustment Programmable voltage and current sources Programmable attenuators PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 are low power, dual 12-/14-/16-bit buffered voltage output nanoDAC® DACs offering relative accuracy specifications of ±1 LSB INL with individual reference pins, and can operate from a single 4.5 V to 5.5 V supply. The AD5025/ AD5045/AD5065 also offer a differential accuracy specification of ±1 LSB. The parts use a versatile 3-wire, low power Schmitt trigger serial interface that operates at clock rates up to 50 MHz and is compatible with standard SPI®, QSPI™, MICROWIRE™, and DSP interface standards. The reference for the AD5025/ AD5045/AD5065 are supplied from an external pin and a refer- Dual channel available in a 14-lead TSSOP package with individual voltage reference pins. 12-/14-/16-bit accurate, ±1 LSB INL. Low glitch on power-up. High speed serial interface with clock speeds up to 50 MHz. Three power-down modes available to the user. Reset to known output voltage (zero scale or midscale). Power-down lockout capability. Table 1. Related Devices Part No. AD5666 AD5024/AD5044/AD5064 AD5062/AD5063 AD5061 AD5040/AD5060 Description Quad,16-bit buffered DAC, 16 LSB INL, TSSOP Quad 16-bit nanoDAC, 1 LSB INL, TSSOP 16-bit nanoDAC, 1 LSB INL, MSOP 16-bit nanoDAC, 4 LSB INL, SOT-23 14-/16-bit nanoDAC, 1 LSB INL, SOT-23 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VDD POR VREF A VREF B LDAC SCLK DAC REGISTER DAC A INPUT REGISTER DAC REGISTER DAC B BUFFER VOUTA INTERFACE LOGIC DIN LDAC SDO AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 BUFFER POWER-DOWN LOGIC GND PDL CLR VOUTB 06844-001 SYNC INPUT REGISTER Figure 1. Rev. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 Input Register.............................................................................. 17 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 Standalone Mode ........................................................................ 19 General Description ......................................................................... 1 SYNC Interrupt .......................................................................... 19 Product Highlights ........................................................................... 1 Daisy-Chaining ........................................................................... 19 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Power-On Reset and Software Reset ....................................... 20 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Power-Down Modes .................................................................. 20 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Clear Code Register ................................................................... 21 AC Characteristics........................................................................ 4 LDAC Function ........................................................................... 21 Timing Characteristics ................................................................ 5 Power-Down Lockout ................................................................ 22 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 7 Power Supply Bypassing and Grounding ................................ 22 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 7 Microprocessor Interfacing ....................................................... 23 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 8 Applications Information .............................................................. 24 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 9 Terminology .................................................................................... 15 Using a Reference as a Power Supply for the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 ....................................................... 24 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 17 Bipolar Operation Using the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 ..... 24 Digital-to-Analog Converter .................................................... 17 Using the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 with a Galvanically Isolated Interface ................................................. 24 DAC Architecture ....................................................................... 17 Reference Buffer ......................................................................... 17 Output Amplifier ........................................................................ 17 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 25 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 25 Serial Interface ............................................................................ 17 REVISION HISTORY 10/08—Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 SPECIFICATIONS VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, RL = 5 kΩ to GND, CL = 200 pF to GND, 2.5 V ≤ VREFIN ≤ VDD, unless otherwise specified. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter STATIC PERFORMANCE3 Resolution AD5065 AD5045 AD5025 Relative Accuracy AD5065 AD5065 AD5045 AD5045 AD5025 AD5025 Differential Nonlinearity Total Unadjusted Error Offset Error Min Min A Grade1, 2 Typ Max 16 ±0.4 +0.4 ±0.1 ±0.1 ±0.05 ±0.05 ±0.2 ±0.2 ±0.2 ±1 ±2 ±0.5 ±1 ±0.25 ±0.5 ±1 ±2.5 ±1.8 ±2 ±0.01 ±0.005 ±1 ±0.07 ±0.05 0 Power-Up Time DC PSRR REFERENCE INPUTS Reference Input Range Reference Current Reference Input Impedance Max 16 14 12 Offset Error Drift4 Full-Scale Error Gain Error Gain Temperature Coefficient4 DC Crosstalk4 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS4 Output Voltage Range Capacitive Load Stability DC Output Impedance Normal Mode Power-Down Mode Output Connected to 100 kΩ Network Output Connected to 1 kΩ Network Short-Circuit Current B Grade1 Typ Unit Conditions/Comments Bits ±0.5 ±0.5 ±4 ±4 LSB LSB LSB ±0.2 ±0.2 ±0.2 ±1 ±2.5 ±1.8 ±2 ±0.01 ±0.005 ±1 ±0.07 ±0.05 LSB mV mV TA = −40°C to +105°C TA = −40°C to +125°C TA = −40°C to +105°C TA = −40°C to +125°C TA = −40°C to +105°C TA = −40°C to +125°C VREF = 2.5 V; VDD = 5.5 V Code 512 (AD5065), Code 128 (AD5045), Code 32 (AD5025) loaded to DAC register 40 40 μV/°C % FSR % FSR ppm μV 40 40 40 40 μV/mA μV Of FSR/°C Due to single channel full-scale output change, RL = 5 kΩ to GND or VDD Due to load current change Due to powering down (per channel) VDD 1 V nF RL = 5 kΩ, RL = 100 kΩ, and RL = ∞ VDD 1 0 All 1s loaded to DAC register, VREF < VDD 0.5 0.5 Ω 100 100 kΩ Output impedance tolerance ± 400 Ω 1 1 kΩ Output impedance tolerance ± 20 Ω 60 45 4.5 60 45 4.5 mA mA μs −92 −92 dB DAC = full scale, output shorted to GND DAC = zero-scale, output shorted to VDD Time to exit power-down mode to normal mode of AD5024/AD5044/ AD5064, 32nd clock edge to 90% of DAC midscale value, output unloaded VDD ± 10%, DAC = full scale, VREF < VDD 2.2 35 120 VDD 50 2.2 35 120 Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 28 VDD 50 V μA kΩ Per DAC channel AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 Parameter LOGIC INPUTS Input Current5 Input Low Voltage, VINL Input High Voltage, VINH Pin Capacitance4 LOGIC OUTPUTS (SDO)3, 4 Output Low Voltage, VOL Output High Voltage, VOH High Impedance Leakage Current4 High Impedance Output Capacitance POWER REQUIREMENTS VDD IDD6 Normal Mode All Power-Down Modes7 Min B Grade1 Typ Max A Grade1, 2 Typ Max Min ±1 0.8 2.2 ±1 0.8 μA V V pF 0.4 V ±1 μA 2.2 4 4 0.4 VDD − 1 Unit VDD − 1 ±0.002 ±1 ±0.002 7 7 4.5 5.5 2.2 0.4 4.5 2.7 2 30 2.2 0.4 Conditions/Comments ISINK = 2 mA ISOURCE = 2 mA pF 5.5 V 2.7 2 30 mA μA μA DAC active, excludes load current VIH = VDD and VIL = GND TA = −40°C to +105°C TA = −40°C to +125°C 1 Temperature range is −40°C to +125°C, typical at 25°C. A grade offered in AD5065 only. Linearity calculated using a reduced code range—AD5065: Code 512 to Code 65,024; AD5045: Code 128 to Code 16,256; AD5025: Code 32 to Code 4064. Output unloaded. 4 Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested. 5 Current flowing into or out of individual digital pins. 6 Interface inactive. All DACs active. DAC outputs unloaded. 7 Both DACs powered down. 2 3 AC CHARACTERISTICS VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, RL = 5 kΩ to GND, CL = 200 pF to GND, 2.5 V ≤ VREFIN ≤ VDD. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter1 Output Voltage Settling Time Typ 5.8 Max 8 Unit μs Output Voltage Settling Time 10.7 13 μs Slew Rate Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse3 Reference Feedthrough3 SDO Feedthrough Digital Feedthrough3 Digital Crosstalk3 Analog Crosstalk3 DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk3 Multiplying Bandwidth3 Total Harmonic Distortion3 Output Noise Spectral Density 1.5 4 −90 0.07 0.1 1.9 1.2 2.1 340 −80 64 60 6 Output Noise Min V/μs nV-sec dB nV-sec nV-sec nV-sec nV-sec nV-sec kHz dB nV/√Hz nV/√Hz μV p-p Conditions/Comments2 ¼ to ¾ scale settling to ±1 LSB, RL = 5 kΩ single-channel update including DAC calibration sequence ¼ to ¾ scale settling to ±1 LSB, RL = 5 kΩ all channel update including DAC calibration sequence 1 LSB change around major carry VREF = 3 V ± 0.86 V p-p, frequency = 100 Hz to 100 kHz Daisy-chain mode; SDO load is 10 pF VREF = 3 V ± 0.86 V p-p VREF = 3 V ± 0.86 V p-p, frequency = 10 kHz DAC code = 0x8400, 1 kHz DAC code = 0x8400, 10 kHz 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz 1 Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested. Temperature range is −40°C to + 125°C, typical at 25°C. 3 See the Terminology section. 2 Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS All input signals are specified with tR = tF = 1 ns/V (10% to 90% of VDD) and timed from a voltage level of (VIL + VIH)/2. See Figure 3 and Figure 4. VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 4. Parameter SCLK Cycle Time SCLK High Time SCLK Low Time SYNC to SCLK Falling Edge Setup Time Data Setup Time Data Hold Time SCLK Falling Edge to SYNC Rising Edge Minimum SYNC High Time (Single Channel Update) Minimum SYNC High Time (All Channel Update) SYNC Rising Edge to SCLK Fall Ignore LDAC Pulse Width Low SCLK Falling Edge to LDAC Rising Edge CLR Pulse Width Low SCLK Falling Edge to LDAC Falling Edge CLR Pulse Activation Time SCLK Rising Edge to SDO Valid SCLK Falling Edge to SYNC Rising Edge SYNC Rising Edge to SCLK Rising Edge SYNC Rising Edge to LDAC/CLR/PDL Falling Edge (Single Channel Update) SYNC Rising Edge to LDAC/CLR/PDL Falling Edge (All Channel Update) PDL Minimum Pulse Width Symbol t11 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12 t13 t14 t152, 3 t162 t172 t182 t182 t19 Min 20 10 10 16.5 5 5 0 2 4 17 20 20 10 10 10.6 5 8 2 4 20 1 Maximum SCLK frequency is 50 MHz at VDD = 4.5 V to 5.5 V. Guaranteed by design and characterization; not production tested. Daisy-chain mode only. 3 Measured with the load circuit of Figure 2. t15 determines the maximum SCLK frequency in daisy-chain mode. 2 Circuit and Timing Diagrams 2mA VOH (MIN) + VOL (MAX) 2 CL 50pF 2mA IOH 06844-002 TO OUTPUT PIN IOL Figure 2. Load Circuit for Digital Output (SDO) Timing Specifications Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 28 Typ Max 30 22 30 Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns μs μs ns ns ns ns ns μs ns ns ns μs μs ns AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 t1 t9 SCLK t8 t2 t3 t4 t7 S YNC t5 DIN t6 DB31 DB0 t10 t13 LDAC1 t11 LDAC2 t12 CLR t14 VOUT t19 06844-003 PDL 1ASYNCHRONOUS LDAC UPDATE MODE. 2SYNCHRONOUS LDAC UPDATE MODE. Figure 3. Serial Write Operation SCLK 32 t8 64 t17 t4 t16 SYNC t5 DIN t6 DB31 DB0 DB0 DB31 INPUT WORD FOR DAC N + 1 INPUT WORD FOR DAC N t15 DB31 SDO UNDEFINED DB0 INPUT WORD FOR DAC N t18 t10 LDAC1 t18 t12 CLR PDL 1IF IN DAISY-CHAIN MODE, LDAC MUST BE USED ASYNCHRONOUSLY. Figure 4. Daisy-Chain Timing Diagram Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 28 t19 06844-004 t18 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. Table 5. Parameter VDD to GND Digital Input Voltage to GND VOUTA or VOUTB to GND VREFA or VREFB to GND Operating Temperature Range, Industrial Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature (TJ MAX) Power Dissipation θJA Thermal Impedance Reflow Soldering Peak Temperature SnPb Pb-Free Rating −0.3 V to +7 V −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V −40°C to +125°C −65°C to +150°C 150°C (TJ MAX − TA)/θJA 150.4°C/W Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION 240°C 260°C Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 LDAC 1 14 SCLK SYNC 2 13 DIN VDD 3 VREF A 4 VOUTA 5 POR 6 SDO 7 AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 12 PDL 11 GND 10 VOUTB 9 VREF B 8 CLR 06844-005 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 5. Pin Configuration Table 6. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 Mnemonic LDAC 2 SYNC 3 VDD 4 5 6 VREFA VOUTA POR 7 SDO 8 CLR 9 10 11 12 VREFB VOUTB GND PDL 13 DIN 14 SCLK Description Pulsing this pin low allows any or all DAC registers to be updated if the input registers have new data. This allows all DAC outputs to simultaneously update. This pin can be tied permanently low in standalone mode. When daisy-chain mode is enabled, this pin cannot be tied permanently low. The LDAC pin should be used in asynchronous LDAC update mode, as shown in Figure 3, and the LDAC pin must be brought high after pulsing. This allows all DAC outputs to simultaneously update. Active Low Control Input. This is the frame synchronization signal for the input data. When SYNC goes low, it powers on the SCLK and DIN buffers and enables the input register. Data is transferred in on the falling edges of the next 32 clocks. If SYNC is taken high before the 32nd falling edge, the rising edge of SYNC acts as an interrupt and the write sequence is ignored by the device. Power Supply Input. These parts can be operated from 4.5 V to 5.5 V, and the supply should be decoupled with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a 0.1 μF capacitor to GND. DAC A Reference Input. This is the reference voltage input pin for DAC A. Analog Output Voltage from DAC A. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Power-On Reset Pin. Tying this pin to GND powers up the part to 0 V. Tying this pin to VDD powers up the part to midscale. Serial Data Output. Can be used for daisy-chaining a number of these devices together or for reading back the data in the shift register for diagnostic purposes. The serial data is transferred on the rising edge of SCLK and is valid on the falling edge of the clock. Asynchronous Clear Input. The CLR input is falling edge sensitive. When CLR is low, all LDAC pulses are ignored. When CLR is activated, the input register and the DAC register are updated with the data contained in the clear code register—zero, midscale, or full scale. Default setting clears the output to 0 V. DAC B Reference Input. This is the reference voltage input pin for DAC B. Analog Output Voltage from DAC B. The output amplifier has rail-to-rail operation. Ground Reference Point for All Circuitry on the Part. The PDL pin is used to ensure hardware shutdown lockout of the device under any circumstance. A Logic 1 at the PLO pin causes the device to behave as normal. The user may successfully enter software power-down over the serial interface while Logic 1 is applied to the PDL pin. If a Logic 0 is applied to this pin, it ensures that the device cannot enter software power-down under any circumstances. If the device had previously been placed in software power-down mode, a high-tolow transition at the PDL pin causes the DAC(s) to exit power-down and output a voltage corresponding to the previous code in the DAC register before the device entered software power-down. Serial Data Input. This device has a 32-bit shift register. Data is clocked into the register on the falling edge of the serial clock input. Serial Clock Input. Data is clocked into the input register on the falling edge of the serial clock input. Data can be transferred at rates of up to 50 MHz. Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 –0.2 –0.4 –0.4 –0.6 –0.6 –0.8 –0.8 –1.0 512 16,640 32,768 48,896 65,024 DAC CODE –1.0 512 16,640 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 DNL (LSB) 1.0 0.8 0 –0.2 –0.6 –0.6 –0.8 –0.8 1024 1536 2048 2560 12,288 16,384 12,288 16,384 0 –0.4 512 65,024 –0.2 –0.4 3072 3584 4096 DAC CODE –1.0 06844-020 INL (LSB) 1.0 0 48,896 Figure 9. AD5065 DNL Figure 6. AD5065 INL –1.0 32,768 DAC CODE 06844-022 –0.2 0 06844-023 0 06844-024 DNL (LSB) 1.0 06844-019 INL (LSB) TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 0 4096 8192 DAC CODE Figure 7. AD5045 INL Figure 10. AD5045 DNL 1.0 1.00 0.8 0.75 0.6 0.50 0.25 DNL (LSB) 0.2 0 –0.2 0 –0.25 –0.4 –0.50 –0.6 –0.75 –0.8 –1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 DAC CODE 3072 3584 4096 06844-021 INL (LSB) 0.4 Figure 8. AD5025 INL –1.00 0 4096 8192 DAC CODE Figure 11. AD5025 DNL Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 0.20 1.2 1.0 0.15 TA = 25°C 0.8 0.10 TUE ERROR (mV) 0.6 TUE (mV) 0.05 0 –0.05 0.4 MAX TUE ERROR @ VDD = 5.5V 0.2 0 MIN TUE ERROR @ VDD = 5.5V –0.2 –0.4 –0.10 –0.6 –0.15 –0.8 32,768 48,896 65,024 DAC CODE –1.2 2.0 06844-025 16,640 1.4 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) Figure 12. Total Unadjusted Error (TUE) vs. DAC Code 1.6 2.5 06844-028 –1.0 –0.20 512 Figure 15. Total Unadjusted Error (TUE) vs. Reference Input Voltage 0.015 TA = 25°C 1.2 1.0 0.010 DAC A 0.6 GAIN ERROR (%FSR) INL ERROR (LSB) 0.8 MAX INL ERROR @ VDD = 5.5V 0.4 0.2 0 –0.2 MIN INL ERROR @ VDD = 5.5V –0.4 –0.6 0.005 0 DAC B –0.005 –0.8 –1.0 VDD = 5.5V VREF = 4.096V –0.015 –60 –40 –20 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 40 60 80 0.6 1.4 TA = 25°C 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.4 OFFSET ERROR (mV) 0.8 0.6 0.4 MAX DNL ERROR @ VDD = 5.5V 0.2 0 –0.2 MIN DNL ERROR @ VDD = 5.5V –0.4 100 120 140 Figure 16. Gain Error vs. Temperature 1.6 –0.6 –0.8 VDD = 5.5V VREF = 4.096V 0.3 0.2 0.1 DAC B 0 –0.1 DAC A –0.2 –1.0 –1.2 –0.3 –1.4 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 5.5 06844-027 DNL ERROR (LSB) 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 13. INL vs. Reference Input Voltage –1.6 2.0 0 –0.4 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 TEMPERATURE (ºC) Figure 17. Offset Error vs. Temperature Figure 14. DNL vs. Reference Input Voltage Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 28 120 140 06844-030 –1.6 2.0 06844-026 –1.4 06844-029 –0.010 –1.2 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 5.0 0.2 4.5 4.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) ERROR (%FSR) 0.1 GAIN ERROR 0 FULL-SCALE ERROR 3.5 VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V TA = 25ºC 1/4 SCALE TO 3/4 SCALE 3/4 SCALE TO 1/4 SCALE OUTPUT LOADED WITH 5kΩ AND 200pF TO GND 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 –0.1 1.0 5.00 5.25 5.50 VDD (V) 0 06844-031 4.75 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 TIME (µs) Figure 21. Settling Time and Typical Output Slew Rate Figure 18. Gain Error and Full-Scale Error vs. Supply Voltage 0.12 POR 1 0.03 3 0 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 VDD (V) VOUT CH1 2V Figure 19. Offset Error Voltage vs. Supply Voltage CH3 2V M2ms T 20.4% A CH1 2.52V 06844-039 0.06 06844-032 OFFSET ERROR (mV) 0.09 Figure 22. Power-On Reset to 0 V 16 14 12 1 8 6 3 4 0 0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 IDD POWER UP (mA) 1.4 1.5 CH1 2V CH3 2V M2ms T 20.4% A CH1 Figure 23. Power-On Reset to Midscale Figure 20. IDD Histogram, VDD = 5.0 V Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 28 2.52V 06844-040 2 06844-064 HITS 10 06844-038 0.5 –0.2 4.50 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 7 CH1 = SCLK VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V TA = 25°C 6 5 CH2 = VOUT GLITCH AMPLITUDE (mV) 1 VDD = 5V POWER-UP TO MIDSCALE 2 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 CH2 500mV M2µs T 55% A CH2 1.2V –4 06844-041 CH1 5V 0 2.5 7.5 10.0 Figure 27. DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk Figure 24. Exiting Power-Down to Midscale 6 VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V TA = 25ºC DAC LOADED WITH MIDSCALE 5 4 3 1μV/DIV GLITCH AMPLITUDE (mV) 5.0 TIME (μs) 06844-044 –3 2 1 0 –1 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 TIME (μs) 4s/DIV Figure 28. 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Output Noise Plot Figure 25. Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse 7 0 VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V TA = 25ºC 6 VDD = 5V, TA = 25ºC DAC LOADED WITH MIDSCALE VREF = 3.0V ± 200mV p-p –10 5 –20 4 VOUT LEVEL (dB) –30 3 2 1 0 –40 –50 –60 –1 –70 –2 –80 –3 –90 –4 –100 0 2.5 5.0 TIME (μs) 7.5 10.0 06844-043 GLITCH AMPLITUDE (mV) 06844-045 0 Figure 26. Analog Crosstalk 5 10 20 30 40 FREQUENCY (kHz) Figure 29. Total Harmonic Distortion Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 28 50 55 06844-046 –3 06844-042 –2 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 0.0010 24 VDD = 5V, VREF = 3.0V TA = 25°C 22 0.0008 20 0.0006 0.0004 ΔVOLTAGE (V) 16 14 12 10 0.0002 0 –0.0002 VDD = 5.5V –0.0004 8 –0.0006 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 CAPACITANCE (nF) –0.0008 –25 06844-047 0 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 CURRENT (mA) Figure 30. Settling Time vs. Capacitive Load Figure 33. Typical Output Load Regulation 0.10 0.08 CODE = MIDSCALE VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V 0.06 CLR 1 –20 06844-051 SETTLING TIME (μs) 18 4 CODE = MIDSCALE VDD = 5V, VREF = 4.096V ΔVOUT (V) 0.04 VOUT 2 0.02 0 –0.02 –0.04 –0.06 CH2 2V M2µs T 11% A CH1 2.5V –0.10 –25 06844-048 CH1 5V –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 IOUT (mA) 06844-052 –0.08 Figure 34. Typical Current Limiting Plot Figure 31. Hardware CLR 10 CH1 295mV p-p VOUT –10 –20 –30 –40 –60 10 CH A CH B CH C CH D 3dB POINT SCLK 100 1000 FREQUENCY (kHz) Figure 32. Multiplying Bandwidth 10000 CH1 50mV CH2 5V M4µs T 8.6% A CH2 1.2V 06844-053 –50 06844-049 ATTENUATION (dB) 0 Figure 35. Glitch Upon Entering Power-Down (1 kΩ to GND) from Zero Scale, No Load Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 CH1 170mV p-p CH1 200mV p-p VOUT VOUT CH2 5V M4µs T 8.6% A CH2 1.2V 06844-054 CH1 50mV CH1 20mV Figure 36. Glitch Upon Entering Power-Down (1 kΩ to GND) from Zero Scale, 5 kΩ/200 pF Load M4µs T 8.6% A CH2 1.2V Figure 38. Glitch Upon Exiting Power-Down (1 kΩ to GND) to Zero Scale, 5 kΩ/200 pF Load 1 CH1 129mV p-p VOUT CH2 5V 06844-056 SCLK SCLK PDL VOUT 2 CH2 5V M4µs T 8.6% A CH2 1.2V 06844-055 CH1 20mV 06844-068 SCLK CH1 5.00V Figure 37. Glitch Upon Exiting Power-Down (1 kΩ to GND) to Zero Scale, No Load Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 28 CH2 1V M1µs A CH1 Figure 39. PDL Activation Time 2.5V AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 TERMINOLOGY Relative Accuracy For the DAC, relative accuracy, or integral nonlinearity (INL), is a measure of the maximum deviation in LSBs from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the DAC transfer function. Figure 6, Figure 7, and Figure 8 show plots of typical INL vs. code. Differential Nonlinearity Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between the measured change and the ideal 1 LSB change between any two adjacent codes. A specified differential nonlinearity of ±1 LSB maximum ensures monotonicity. This DAC is guaranteed monotonic by design. Figure 9, Figure 10, and Figure 11 show plots of typical DNL vs. code. Offset Error Offset error is a measure of the difference between the actual VOUT and the ideal VOUT, expressed in millivolts in the linear region of the transfer function. Offset error is measured on the part with Code 512 (AD5065), Code 128 (AD5045), and Code 32 (AD5025) loaded into the DAC register. It can be negative or positive and is expressed in millivolts. Offset Error Drift Offset error drift is a measure of the change in offset error with a change in temperature. It is expressed in microvolts per degree Celsius. Gain Error Gain error is a measure of the span error of the DAC. It is the deviation in slope of the DAC transfer characteristic from the ideal, expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range. Gain Temperature Coefficient Gain error drift is a measure of the change in gain error with changes in temperature. It is expressed in parts per million of full-scale range per degree Celsius. Measured with VREF < VDD. Full-Scale Error Full-scale error is a measure of the output error when full-scale code (0xFFFF) is loaded into the DAC register. Ideally, the output should be VDD − 1 LSB. Full-scale error is expressed as a percentage of the full-scale range. Digital-to-Analog Glitch Impulse Digital-to-analog glitch impulse is the impulse injected into the analog output when the input code in the DAC register changes state. It is normally specified as the area of the glitch in nanovoltseconds and is measured when the digital input code is changed by 1 LSB at the major carry transition (0x7FFF to 0x8000). See Figure 25. DC Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) PSRR indicates how the output of the DAC is affected by changes in the supply voltage. PSRR is the ratio of the change in VOUT to a change in VDD for full-scale output of the DAC. It is measured in decibels. VREF is held at 2.5 V, and VDD is varied ±10%. Measured with VREF < VDD. DC Crosstalk DC crosstalk is the dc change in the output level of one DAC in response to a change in the output of another DAC. It is measured with a full-scale output change on one DAC (or soft power-down and power-up) while monitoring another DAC kept at midscale. It is expressed in microvolts. DC crosstalk due to load current change is a measure of the impact that a change in load current on one DAC has to another DAC kept at midscale. It is expressed in microvolts per milliamp. Reference Feedthrough Reference feedthrough is the ratio of the amplitude of the signal at the DAC output to the reference input when the DAC output is not being updated (that is, LDAC is high). It is expressed in decibels. Digital Feedthrough Digital feedthrough is a measure of the impulse injected into the analog output of a DAC from the digital input pins of the device but is measured when the DAC is not being written to (SYNC held high). It is specified in nanovolt-seconds. It is measured with one simultaneous data and clock pulse loaded to the DAC. Digital Crosstalk Digital crosstalk is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC at midscale in response to a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s or vice versa) in the input register of another DAC. It is measured in standalone mode and is expressed in nanovolt-seconds. Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 Analog Crosstalk Analog crosstalk is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC due to a change in the output of another DAC. It is measured by loading one of the input registers with a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s or vice versa) while keeping LDAC high, and then pulsing LDAC low and monitoring the output of the DAC whose digital code has not changed. The area of the glitch is expressed in nanovolt-seconds. DAC-to-DAC Crosstalk DAC-to-DAC crosstalk is the glitch impulse transferred to the output of one DAC due to a digital code change and subsequent output change of another DAC. This includes both digital and analog crosstalk. It is measured by loading one of the DACs with a full-scale code change (all 0s to all 1s or vice versa) with LDAC low and monitoring the output of another DAC. The energy of the glitch is expressed in nanovolt-seconds. Multiplying Bandwidth The amplifiers within the DAC have a finite bandwidth. The multiplying bandwidth is a measure of this. A sine wave on the reference (with full-scale code loaded to the DAC) appears on the output. The multiplying bandwidth is the frequency at which the output amplitude falls to 3 dB below the input. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Total harmonic distortion is the difference between an ideal sine wave and its attenuated version using the DAC. The sine wave is used as the reference for the DAC, and the THD is a measure of the harmonics present on the DAC output. It is measured in decibels. Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 THEORY OF OPERATION DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER OUTPUT AMPLIFIER The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 are single 12-/14-/16-bit, serial input, voltage output DACs. The parts operate from supply voltages of 4.5 V to 5.5 V. Data is written to the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 in a 32-bit word format via a 3-wire serial interface. The AD5025/ AD5045/AD5065 incorporate a power-on reset circuit that ensures the DAC output powers up to a known output state. The devices also have a software power-down mode that reduces the typical current consumption to typically 400 nA. The on-chip output buffer amplifier can generate rail-to-rail voltages on its output, which gives an output range of 0 V to VDD. The amplifier is capable of driving a load of 5 kΩ in parallel with 200 pF to GND. The slew rate is 1.5 V/μs with a ¼ to ¾ scale settling time of 13 μs. Because the input coding to the DAC is straight binary, the ideal output voltage when using an external reference is given by D VOUT VREFIN N 2 The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 have a 3-wire serial interface (SYNC, SCLK, and DIN) that is compatible with SPI, QSPI, and MICROWIRE interface standards as well as most DSPs. See Figure 3 for a timing diagram of a typical write sequence. INPUT REGISTER The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 input register is 32 bits wide (see Figure 41). The first four bits are don’t cares. The next four bits are the command bits, C3 to C0 (see Table 8), followed by the 4-bit DAC address bits, A3 to A0 (see Table 7) and finally the data bits. These data bits comprise the 12-bit, 14-bit, or 16-bit input code, followed by eight, six, or four don’t care bits for the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065, respectively (see Figure 41, Figure 42, and Figure 43). These data bits are transferred to the DAC register on the 32nd falling edge of SCLK. where: D is the decimal equivalent of the binary code that is loaded to the DAC register (0 to 65,535 for the 16-bit AD5065). N is the DAC resolution. DAC ARCHITECTURE The DAC architecture of the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 consists of two matched DAC sections. A simplified circuit diagram is shown in Figure 40. The four MSBs of the 16-bit data-word are decoded to drive 15 switches, E1 to E15. Each of these switches connects one of 15 matched resistors to either GND or a VREF buffer output. The remaining 12 bits of the data-word drive Switch S0 to Switch S11 of a 12-bit voltage mode R-2R ladder network. Table 7. Address Commands A3 0 0 0 0 1 VOUT 2R SERIAL INTERFACE 2R 2R 2R 2R 2R 2R S0 S1 S11 E1 E2 E15 A2 0 0 0 0 1 Address (n) A1 0 1 0 1 1 A0 0 1 1 0 1 Selected DAC Channel DAC A DAC B Reserved Reserved Both DACs VREF 12-BIT R-2R LADDER FOUR MSBs DECODED INTO 15 EQUAL SEGMENTS 06844-006 Table 8. Command Definitions Figure 40. DAC Ladder Structure REFERENCE BUFFER The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 operate with an external reference. Each DAC has a dedicated voltage reference pin and an on-chip reference buffer. The reference input pin has an input range of 2.5 V to VDD. This input voltage is then used to provide a buffered reference for the DAC core. C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Command C2 C1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 See Table 7. Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 28 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 C0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 Description Write to Input Register n1 Update DAC Register n1 Write to Input Register n, update all (software LDAC) Write to and update DAC Channel n1 Power down/power up DAC Load clear code register Load LDAC register Reset (power-on reset) Set up DCEN register (daisy-chain enable) Reserved Reserved AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 DB31 (MSB) X X DB0 (LSB) X X C3 C2 C1 C0 A3 A2 A1 A0 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X COMMAND BITS 06844-007 DATA BITS ADDRESS BITS Figure 41. AD5065 Input Register Content DB31 (MSB) X X DB0 (LSB) X X C3 C2 C1 C0 A3 A2 A1 A0 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X X X COMMAND BITS 06844-008 DATA BITS ADDRESS BITS Figure 42. AD5045 Input Register Content DB31 (MSB) X X X C3 C2 C1 C0 A3 A2 A1 A0 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 X X X X X X X X DATA BITS COMMAND BITS 06844-009 X DB0 (LSB) ADDRESS BITS Figure 43. AD5025 Input Register Content Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 STANDALONE MODE The write sequence begins by bringing the SYNC line low. Data from the DIN line is clocked into the 32-bit shift register on the falling edge of SCLK. The serial clock frequency can be as high as 50 MHz, making the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 compatible with high speed DSPs. On the 32nd falling clock edge, the last data bit is clocked in and the programmed function is executed, that is, a change in DAC register contents and/or a change in the mode of operation. The SYNC line must be brought high within 30 ns of the 32nd falling edge of SCLK. In either case, it must be brought high for a minimum of 1.9 μs before the next write sequence so that a falling edge of SYNC can initiate the next write sequence. Because the SYNC buffer draws more current when VIN = VDD than it does when VIN = 0 V, SYNC should be idled low between write sequences for even lower power operation of the part. As mentioned previously, however, SYNC must be brought high again just before the next write sequence. SYNC INTERRUPT In a normal write sequence, the SYNC line is kept low for at least 32 falling edges of SCLK, and the DAC is updated on the 32nd falling edge. However, if SYNC is brought high before the 32nd falling edge, this acts as an interrupt to the write sequence. The input register is reset, and the write sequence is seen as invalid. Neither an update of the DAC register contents nor a change in the operating mode occurs (see Figure 44). DAISY-CHAINING For systems that contain several DACs, or where the user wishes to read back the DAC contents for diagnostic purposes, the SDO pin can be used to daisy-chain several devices together and provide serial readback. Table 9 shows how the state of the bit corresponds to the mode of operation of the device. Table 9. DCEN (Daisy-Chain Enable) Register DB1 0 1 DB0 X X Description Standalone mode (default) DCEN mode The SCLK is continuously applied to the input register when SYNC is low. If more than 32 clock pulses are applied, the data ripples out of the input shift register and appears on the SDO line. This data is clocked out on the rising edge of SCLK and is valid on the falling edge. By connecting this line to the DIN input on the next DAC in the chain, a multiDAC interface is constructed. Each DAC in the system requires 32 clock pulses; therefore, the total number of clock cycles must equal 32N, where N is the total number of devices in the chain. If SYNC is taken high before 32N clocks are clocked into the part, it is considered an invalid frame and the data is discarded. When the serial transfer to all devices is complete, SYNC is taken high. This prevents any further data from being clocked into the input register. The serial clock can be continuous or a gated clock. A continuous SCLK source can be used only if SYNC can be held low for the correct number of clock cycles. In gated clock mode, a burst clock containing the exact number of clock cycles must be used, and SYNC must be taken high after the final clock to latch the data. In daisy-chain mode, the LDAC pin cannot be tied permanently low. The LDAC pin must be used in asynchronous LDAC update mode, as shown in Figure 3. The LDAC pin must be brought high after pulsing. This allows all DAC outputs to simultaneously update. The daisy-chain mode is enabled through a software executable daisy-chain enable (DCEN) command. Command 1000 is reserved for this DCEN function (see Table 8). The daisy-chain mode is enabled by setting a bit (DB1) in the DCEN register. The default setting is standalone mode, where DB1 = 0. SCLK SYNC DB0 DB31 INVALID WRITE SEQUENCE: SYNC HIGH BEFORE 32ND FALLING EDGE DB0 VALID WRITE SEQUENCE, OUTPUT UPDATES ON THE 32ND FALLING EDGE 06844-010 DB31 DIN Figure 44. SYNC Interrupt Facility Table 10. 32-Bit Input Register Contents for Daisy-Chain Enable MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares DB27 1 DB26 DB25 DB24 0 0 0 Command bits (C3 to C0) DB23 X DB22 DB21 DB20 X X X Address bits (A3 to A0) Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 28 DB2 to DB19 X Don’t cares LSB DB1 DB0 1/0 X DCEN register AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 current fall, but the output stage is also internally switched from the output of the amplifier to a resistor network of known values. This has the advantage that the output impedance of the part is known while the part is in power-down mode. There are three different options. The output is connected internally to GND through either a 1 kΩ or a 100 kΩ resistor, or it is left opencircuited (three-state). The output stage is illustrated in Figure 45. The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 contain a power-on reset (POR) circuit that controls the output voltage during power-up. By connecting the POR pin low, the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 output powers up to zero scale. Note that this is outside the linear region of the DAC; by connecting the POR pin high, the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 output powers up to midscale. The output remains powered up at this level until a valid write sequence is made to the DAC. This is useful in applications where it is important to know the state of the output of the DAC while it is in the process of powering up. There is also a software executable reset function that resets the DAC to the power-on reset code selected by the POR pin. Command 0111 is reserved for this reset function (see Table 8). RESISTOR NETWORK Figure 45. Output Stage During Power-Down The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 contain four separate modes of operation. Command 0100 is reserved for the power-down function (see Table 8). These modes are software-programmable by setting two bits, Bit DB9 and Bit DB8, in the input register (see Table 12). Table 11 shows how the state of the bits corresponds to the mode of operation of the device. The bias generator, output amplifier, resistor string, and other associated linear circuitry are shut down when the power-down mode is activated. However, the contents of the DAC register are unaffected when in power-down. The time to exit power-down is typically 4.5 μs for VDD = 5 V (see Figure 24). Either or both DACs (DAC A and DAC B) can be powered down to the selected mode by setting the corresponding bits (DB3 and DB0) to 1. See Table 12 for the contents of the input register during power-down/power-up operation. Table 11. Modes of Operation DB8 0 1 0 1 VOUT POWER-DOWN CIRCUITRY POWER-DOWN MODES DB9 0 0 1 1 AMPLIFIER DAC 06844-011 POWER-ON RESET AND SOFTWARE RESET Operating Mode Normal operation, power-down modes 1 kΩ to GND 100 kΩ to GND Three-state Any combination of DACs can be powered up by setting PD1 = 0 and PD0 = 0 (normal operation). The output powers up to the value in the input register (LDAC low) or to the value in the DAC register before powering down (LDAC high). When both Bit DB9 and Bit DB8 in the input register are set to 0, the part works normally with its normal power consumption of 2.2 mA at 5 V. However, for the three power-down modes, the supply current falls to 0.4 μV at 5 V. Not only does the supply Table 12. 32-Bit Input Register Contents for Power-Up/Power-Down Function MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares LSB DB27 0 DB26 1 DB25 0 DB24 0 Command bits (C2 to C0) DB23 X DB22 X DB21 X DB20 X Address bits (A3 to A0)—don’t cares DB10 to DB19 X DB9 PD1 Don’t cares Power-down mode Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 28 DB8 PD0 DB4 to DB7 X Don’t cares DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 DAC DAC DAC DAC A B B A Power-down/power-up channel selection—set bits to 1 to select AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 CLEAR CODE REGISTER LDAC FUNCTION The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 have a hardware CLR pin that is an asynchronous clear input. The CLR input is falling edge sensitive. Bringing the CLR line low clears the contents of the input register and the DAC registers to the data contained in the userconfigurable CLR register, and sets the analog outputs accordingly (see Table 13). This function can be used in system calibration to load zero scale, midscale, or full scale to all channels together. These clear code values are user-programmable by setting two bits, Bit DB1 and Bit DB0, in the input register (see Table 13). The default setting clears the outputs to 0 V. Command 0101 is reserved for loading the clear code register (see Table 8). Hardware LDAC Pin The outputs of all DACs can be updated simultaneously using the hardware LDAC pin. The LDAC pin can be used in synchronous or asynchronous mode, as shown in Figure 3. Synchronous LDAC: LDAC is held low. After new data is read, the DAC registers are updated on the falling edge of the 32nd SCLK pulse. LDAC can be permanently low or pulsed in standalone mode. LDAC cannot be tied permanently low in daisy-chain mode. Asynchronous LDAC: LDAC is held high and pulsed. The outputs are not updated at the same time that the input registers are written to. When LDAC goes low, the DAC registers are updated with the contents of the input register. Table 13. Clear Code Register Clear Code Register DB1 (CR1) DB0 (CR0) 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Clears to Code 0x0000 0x8000 0xFFFF No operation Software LDAC Function Alternatively, the outputs of all DACs can be updated simultaneously using the software LDAC function by writing to Input Register n (see Table 7) and updating all DAC registers. Command 0010 is reserved for this software LDAC function. The part exits clear code mode on the 32nd falling edge of the next write to the part. If CLR is activated during a write sequence, the write is aborted. The LDAC register gives the user extra flexibility and control over the hardware LDAC pin (see Table 16). Setting the LDAC bit register (DB0 to DB3) to 0 for a DAC channel means that this channel update is controlled by the hardware LDAC pin. If DB0 or DB3 is set to 1, this channel updates synchronously. The CLR pulse activation time, the falling edge of CLR to when the output starts to change, is typically 10.6 μs (see Figure 31). See Table 14 for contents of the input register during the loading clear code register operation. The part effectively sees the hardware LDAC pin as being tied low (see Table 15 for the LDAC register mode of operation). This flexibility is useful in applications where the user wants to simultaneously update select channels while the rest of the channels are synchronously updating. Table 14. 32-Bit Input Register Contents for Clear Code Function MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 0 1 0 1 Command bits (C3 to C0) DB23 X DB22 DB21 DB20 X X X Address bits (A3 to A0) DB2 to DB19 X Don’t cares LSB DB1 DB0 1/0 1/0 Clear code register (CR1 to CR0) Table 15. LDAC Overwrite Definitions Load DAC Register LDAC Bits (DB3 and DB0) LDAC Pin LDAC Operation 0 1 Determined by LDAC pin. DAC channels update, overrides the LDAC pin. DAC channels see LDAC as 0. 1 1, 0 X1 X = don’t care. Table 16. 32-Bit Input Register Contents for LDAC Overwrite Function MSB DB31 to DB28 X Don’t cares DB27 DB26 DB25 DB24 0 1 1 0 Command bits (C3 to C0) DB23 DB22 DB21 DB20 X X X X Address bits (A3 to A0)—don’t cares Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 28 DB4 to DB19 X Don’t cares LSB DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0 DAC B X X DAC A Set LDAC bits to 1 to override LDAC pin AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 POWER-DOWN LOCKOUT The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 contain a digital input pin, PDL. When activated, the power-down lockout pin (PDL) disables software shutdown under any circumstances. The user should hardwire the PDL pin to a logic low (thus preventing subsequent software power-down) or logic high (the part can be placed in power-down mode over the serial interface). If the user transitions the PDL pin from logic high to a logic low during a valid write sequence, the device responds immediately and the current write sequence is aborted. Note the following PDL features. PDL During a Write Sequence If a PDL is generated (that is, a high-to-low transition) while a valid write sequence is ongoing, the write is aborted. The user must rewrite the current write command again. PDL While DACs in Power-Down Mode If a PDL is generated while the DAC(s) are in power-down mode, the DAC(s) come out of power-down (that is, all powerdown bits are reset to 0000) to the last voltage output corresponding to the last valid stored DAC value. While PDL remains active, software power-down is disabled. PDL Low to High Transition After PDL is taken from a low to a high state, all DAC channels remain in normal mode, and the user must reissue a software power-down command to the control register to power down the required channels. Transitioning PDL from a low to a high disables the feature immediately. If PDL and CLR are generated at the same time, the CLR signal causes the DAC register to change as per the clear code register, and the DACs come out of power-down. The user is recommended to hardwire the pin to a logic high or low, thereby either enabling or disabling the feature. POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING AND GROUNDING When accuracy is important in a circuit, it is helpful to carefully consider the power supply and ground return layout on the board. The printed circuit board (PCB) containing the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065 should have separate analog and digital sections. If the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 are in a system where other devices require an AGND-to-DGND connection, the connection should be made at one point only. This ground point should be as close as possible to the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065. Bypass the power supply to the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 with 10 μF and 0.1 μF capacitors. The capacitors should physically be as close as possible to the device, with the 0.1 μF capacitor ideally right up against the device. The 10 μF capacitors are the tantalum bead type. It is important that the 0.1 μF capacitor has low effective series resistance (ESR) and low effective series inductance (ESI), which is typical of common ceramic types of capacitors. This 0.1 μF capacitor provides a low impedance path to ground for high frequencies caused by transient currents due to internal logic switching. The power supply line should have as large a trace as possible to provide a low impedance path and reduce glitch effects on the supply line. Shield clocks and other fast switching digital signals from other parts of the board by digital ground. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals if possible. When traces cross on opposite sides of the board, ensure that they run at right angles to each other to reduce feedthrough effects through the board. The best board layout technique is the microstrip technique, where the component side of the board is dedicated to the ground plane only and the signal traces are placed on the solder side. However, this is not always possible with a 2-layer board. If PDL, CLR, and LDAC are generated at the same time, CLR has higher precedence over LDAC and PDL. Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to 80C51/80L51 Interface AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to Blackfin ADSP-BF53x Interface Figure 48 shows a serial interface between the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065 and the 80C51/80L51 microcontroller. The setup for the interface is as follows: TxD of the 80C51/80L51 drives SCLK of the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065, and RxD drives the serial data line of the part. The SYNC signal is again derived from a bit-programmable pin on the port. In this case, Port Line P3.3 is used. When data is to be transmitted to the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065, P3.3 is taken low. The 80C51/80L51 transmits data in 8-bit bytes only; thus, only eight falling clock edges occur in the transmit cycle. To load data to the DAC, P3.3 is lept low after the first eight bits are transmitted, and a second write cycle is initiated to transmit the second byte of data. P3.3 is taken high following the completion of this cycle. The 80C51/80L51 outputs the serial data in LSB-first format. The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 must receive data with the MSB first. The 80C51/80L51 transmit routine should take this into account. DT0PRI TSCLK0 SYNC DIN SCLK *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. 80C51/80L51* AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065* P3.3 SYNC AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to 68HC11/68L11 Interface TxD SCLK Figure 47 shows a serial interface between the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065 and the 68HC11/68L11 microcontroller. SCK of the 68HC11/68L11 drives the SCLK of the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065, and the MOSI output drives the serial data line of the DAC. RxD DIN Figure 46. AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to Blackfin ADSP-BF53x Interface AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065* PC7 SYNC SCK SCLK MOSI DIN *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to MICROWIRE Interface Figure 49 shows an interface between the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065 and any MICROWIRE-compatible device. Serial data is shifted out on the falling edge of the serial clock and is clocked into the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 on the rising edge of SCLK. MICROWIRE* 06844-013 68HC11/68L11* *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. Figure 48. AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to 80C51/80L51 Interface AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065* Figure 47. AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to 68HC11/68L11 Interface CS SYNC The SYNC signal is derived from a port line (PC7). The setup conditions for correct operation of this interface are as follows: The 68HC11/68L11 is configured with its CPOL bit as 0, and its CPHA bit as 1. When data is being transmitted to the DAC, the SYNC line is taken low (PC7). When the 68HC11/68L11 is configured as described previously, data appearing on the MOSI output is valid on the falling edge of SCK. Serial data from the 68HC11/68L11 is transmitted in 8-bit bytes with only eight falling clock edges occurring in the transmit cycle. Data is transmitted MSB first. To load data to the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065, PC7 is left low after the first eight bits are transferred, and a second serial write operation is performed to the DAC. PC7 is taken high at the end of this procedure. SK DIN SO SCLK Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 28 *ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY. 06844-015 TFS0 AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065* 06844-012 ADSP-BF53x* 06844-014 Figure 46 shows a serial interface between the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065 and the Blackfin® ADSP-BF53x microprocessor. The ADSP-BF53x processor family incorporates two dual-channel synchronous serial ports, SPORT1 and SPORT0, for serial and multiprocessor communications. Using SPORT0 to connect to the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065, the setup for the interface is as follows: DT0PRI drives the DIN pin of the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065, and TSCLK0 drives the SCLK of the parts. The SYNC is driven from TFS0. Figure 49. AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 to MICROWIRE Interface AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Because the supply current required by the AD5025/AD5045/ AD5065 is extremely low, an alternative option is to use a voltage reference to supply the required voltage to the parts (see Figure 50). This is especially useful if the power supply is quite noisy or if the system supply voltages are at some value other than 5 V or 3 V, for example, 15 V. The voltage reference outputs a steady supply voltage for the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065. If the low dropout REF195 is used, it must supply 500 μA of current to the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 with no load on the output of the DAC. When the DAC output is loaded, the REF195 also needs to supply the current to the load. The total current required (with a 5 kΩ load on the DAC output) is This is an output voltage range of ±5 V, with 0x0000 corresponding to a −5 V output, and 0xFFFF corresponding to a +5 V output. R2 = 10kΩ VDD 10µF 15V 5V SYNC SCLK VDD AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065 VOUTx = 0V TO 5V 06844-016 DIN 0.1µF ±5V VOUT AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065 –5V 3-WIRE SERIAL INTERFACE Figure 51. Bipolar Operation with the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 The load regulation of the REF195 is typically 2 ppm/mA, which results in a 3 ppm (15 μV) error for the 1.5 mA current drawn from it. This corresponds to a 0.196 LSB error. 3-WIRE SERIAL INTERFACE R1 = 10kΩ AD820/ OP295 500 μA + (5 V/5 kΩ) = 1.5 mA REF195 +5V +5V 06844-017 USING A REFERENCE AS A POWER SUPPLY FOR THE AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 USING THE AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 WITH A GALVANICALLY ISOLATED INTERFACE In process control applications in industrial environments, it is often necessary to use a galvanically isolated interface to protect and isolate the controlling circuitry from any hazardous commonmode voltages that can occur in the area where the DAC is functioning. iCoupler® provides isolation in excess of 2.5 kV. The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 use a 3-wire serial logic interface, so the ADuM1300 three-channel digital isolator provides the required isolation (see Figure 52). The power supply to the part also needs to be isolated, which is achieved by using a transformer. On the DAC side of the transformer, a 5 V regulator provides the 5 V supply required for the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065. Figure 50. REF195 as Power Supply to the AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 5V REGULATOR BIPOLAR OPERATION USING THE AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 The AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 is designed for single-supply operation, but a bipolar output range is also possible using the circuit in Figure 51. The circuit gives an output voltage range of ±5 V. Rail-to-rail operation at the amplifier output is achievable using an AD820 or an OP295 as the output amplifier. D R1 R2 R2 VO V DD V DD R1 65,536 R1 VDD SCLK VIA VOA SCLK ADuM1300 SDI VIB VOB SYNC DATA VIC VOC DIN AD5025/ AD5045/ AD5065 VOUTx GND where D represents the input code in decimal (0 to 65,535). With VDD = 5 V, R1 = R2 = 10 kΩ, 0.1µF 06844-018 The output voltage for any input code can be calculated as follows: 10µF POWER Figure 52. AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 with a Galvanically Isolated Interface 10 D VO 5V 65,536 Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 5.10 5.00 4.90 14 8 4.50 4.40 4.30 6.40 BSC 1 7 PIN 1 0.65 BSC 1.20 MAX 0.15 0.05 COPLANARITY 0.10 0.30 0.19 0.20 0.09 SEATING PLANE 0.75 0.60 0.45 8° 0° 061908-A 1.05 1.00 0.80 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AB-1 Figure 53. 14-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] (RU-14) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model AD5025BRUZ1 AD5025BRUZ-REEL71 AD5045BRUZ1 AD5045BRUZ-REEL71 AD5065ARUZ1 AD5065ARUZ-REEL71 AD5065BRUZ1 AD5065BRUZ-REEL71 1 Temperature Range −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C −40°C to +125°C Package Description 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP 14-Lead TSSOP Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. 0 | Page 25 of 28 Package Option RU-14 RU-14 RU-14 RU-14 RU-14 RU-14 RU-14 RU-14 Accuracy ±0.25 LSB INL ±0.25 LSB INL ±0.5 LSB INL ±0.5 LSB INL ±4 LSB INL ±4 LSB INL ±1 LSB INL ±1 LSB INL Resolution 12 bits 12 bits 14 bits 14 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 26 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 27 of 28 AD5025/AD5045/AD5065 NOTES ©2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D06844-0-10/08(0) Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 28