GM6605 5.0A PRECISION LINEAR REGULATORS Power Management Features Description Adjustable or Fixed Output The GM6605 series of positive adjustable and fixed regula- Output Current of 5.0A tors are designed to provide 5A output with low dropout Dropout Voltage (typical) 1.2V @ 5.0A voltage performance. On-chip trimming adjusts the refer- Typical Line Regulation 0.04% ence voltage with an accuracy of ±1% for adjustable, and Typical Load Regulation 0.08% ±2% for fixed voltage versions. Put them to work in post Fast Transient Response regulators or microprocessor power supplies where low Current Limit Protection voltage operation and fast transient response are required. Thermal Shutdown Protection Device includes over-current protection and thermal shutdown protection as well. The GM6605’s are available in TO-220 and surfacemount TO-263 packages. Application Microprocessor Supply Medical Equipment Post Regulators for Switching Supplies Printer Supplies Telecommunication Systems Motherboards GM6605-Adj [email protected] 5.0V 10µF 5.0V 0.1µF 5.0V 5.0V 124W 1.0% ADJ VOUT VIN VOUT 200W 1.0% (Adjustable Version) GM6605-3.3 [email protected] GND 22µF 5.0V 22µF 5.0V 10µF 5.0V (Fixed Version) www.gammamicro.com PRELIMINARY GM6605 VIN Revision 1, Feb. 2004 TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS 1 GM6605 MARKING INFORMATION & PIN CONFIGURATIONS (Top View) TO-252 (DPAK) GM6605 VVAYWW 2 TO-220 TO-263-2 (D PAK) GM6605 GM6605 VVAYWW VVAYWW VIN VOUT VIN VOUT GND* VIN VOUT GND* GND* V V = Output Voltage (50 = 5.0V, A =Adj ) A = Assembly Location Y = Year W W = Work Week On fixed versions Pin 1 = GND, on adjustable versions Pin 1 = ADJ Tab = VOUT ORDERING INFORMATION Output Voltage Package Shipping GM6605-ATA3T Adj TO-263-2 50 Units / Tube GM6605-ATA3R Adj TO-263-2 GM6605-ATB3T Adj TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM6605-1.8TA3T 1.8 TO-263-2 50 Units / Tube GM6605-1.8TA3R 1.8 TO-263-2 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM6605-1.8TB3T 1.8 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM6605-2.5TA3T 2.5 TO-263-2 50 Units / Tube GM6605-2.5TA3R 2.5 TO-263-2 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM6605-2.5TB3T 2.5 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM6605-3.3TA3T 3.3 TO-263-2 50 Units / Tube GM6605-3.3TA3R 3.3 TO-263-2 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM6605-3.3TB3T 3.3 TO-220 50 Units / Tube GM6605-3.3TC3T 3.3 TO-252 80 Units / Tube GM6605-3.3TC3R 3.3 TO-252 GM6605-5.0TA3T 5.0 TO-263-2 50 Units / Tube GM6605-5.0TA3R 5.0 TO-263-2 800 Units / Tape & Reel GM6605-5.0TB3T 5.0 TO-220 GM6605 Ordering Number 2 * For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page. 800 Units / Tape & Reel 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel 50 Units / Tube GM6605 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PARAMETER SYMBOL VALUE UNIT Power Dissipation PD Internally limited W Input Voltage VIN 7.0 V Junction Temperature TJ +150 °C TLEAD 300 °C TJ 0 to + 125 °C Storage Temperature Range TSTG -65 to + 150 °C ESD Damage Threshold ESD 2.0 KV Lead Temperature(Soldering, 10sec) Operating Junction Temperature Range BLOCK DIAGRAM (Fixed Version) VOUT VIN Thermal Shutdown Error Amplifier - Output Current Limit + Bandgap Reference GND (Adjustable Version) VOUT Thermal Shutdown Error Amplifier - Bandgap Reference Output Current Limit + ADJ GM6605 VIN 3 GM6605 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Typicals and limits appearing in normal type apply for TJ = 25°C) Symbol Parameter Reference Voltage GM6605-Adj VREF GM6605-1.8 VO GM6605-3.3 Load Regulation 10mA GM6605-Adj IOUT=10mA, GM6605-1.8 IOUT=10mA, 3.3V GM6605-2.5 REGLINE IOUT=10mA, 4V VIN Typ Max 1.238 1.230 1.782 1.764 2.475 2.460 3.267 3.247 4.950 4.920 1.250 1.250 1.800 1.800 2.500 2.500 3.300 3.300 5.000 5.000 1.262 1.270 1.818 1.836 2.525 2.540 3.333 3.353 5.050 5.080 0.04 0.20 0.04 0.20 0.04 0.20 7V 7V IOUT=10mA, 4.8V VIN 7V 0.04 0.20 GM6605-5.0 IOUT=10mA, 6.5V VIN 7V 0.04 0.20 GM6605-Adj VIN-VOUT=1.5V, 10mA IO 0.08 0.40 GM6605-1.8 VIN=3.8V, 10mA IO 5A 0.08 0.40 VIN=4.5V, 10mA IO 5A 0.08 0.40 GM6605-3.3 VIN=5.3V, 10mA IO 5A 0.08 0.40 GM6605-5.0 VIN=7V, 10mA IO 0.08 0.40 1.15 1.3 GM6605-2.5 REGLOAD VD IOUT=5A Current Limit ICL VIN-VOUT=3V GM6605-Adj IO MIN 5A 5A 5.5 VIN=5V 6.8 5 10 5A 5 10 VIN=4.0V, 10mA IO 5A 5 10 GM6605-3.3 VIN=4.8V, 10mA IO 5A 5 10 GM6605-5.0 VIN=6.5V, 10mA IO 5A 5 10 50 120 GM6605-2.5 GM6605-Adj IQ IADJ Temperature Coefficient Unit V V V V V % % V A VIN=3.3V, 10mA IO Quiescent Current Adjust Pin Current VIN Min GM6605-3.3 GM6605-1.8 GM6605 IOUT 5A, 6.5V VIN 7V Dropout Voltage Minimum Load Current 4 10mA IOUT 5A, 4V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=4.8V 10mA IOUT 5A, 4.8V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=6.5V GM6605-5.0 Line Regulation IOUT=10mA, VIN-VOUT=1.5V 10mA IOUT 5A, 3.3V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=3.3V 10mA IOUT 5A, 3.3V VIN 7V IOUT=10mA, VIN=4V GM6605-2.5 Output Voltage Condition mA mA IOUT=10mA, 2.75V VIN 7V µA VIN-VOUT=1.5V, IOUT=10mA 0.005 %/°C 0.003 %/W 80 dB Thermal Regulation TC TA=25°C, 30ms pulse Ripple Rejection RA VIN-VOUT=1.5V, IOUT=5A 60 GM6605 APPLICATION INFORMATION The GM6605 series linear regulators provide fixed and adjustable output voltages at currents up to 5.0A. These regulators are protected against overcurrent conditions and include thermal shutdown protection. The GM6605's have a composite PNP-NPN output transistor and require an output capacitor for stability. Protection Diodes When large external capacitors are used with most linear regulator it is wise to add protection diodes. If the input voltage of the regulator is shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value A detailed procedure for selecting this capacitor fol- of capacitor, output voltage and rate at which VIN lows. drops. Figure 1 Stability Considerations The output compensation capacitor helps to determine (a),(b) Protection Diode Scheme for Large Output Capacitors (a) Fixed Version three main characteristics of a linear regulator's performance: start-up delay, load transient response, and loop stability. The capacitor value and type is based on cost, availability, size and temperature constraints. A IN4002 VIN VIN GM6605-3.3 tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitor is preferred, as a film or ceramic capacitor with almost zero VOUT VOUT GND C1 C2 ESR can cause instability. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor is the least expensive type, but when the circuit operates at low temperatures, both the value and ESR of the capacitor will vary widely. For optimum perfor- (b) Adjustable Version mance over the full operating temperature range, a tantalum capacitor is best. A 22µF tantalum capacitor will work fine in most applications, but with high current reg- VIN VIN ulators such as the GM6605 higher capacitance values load current, so the output capacitor must supply instantaneous load current. The ESR of the output ca- VOUT GM6605-Adj will improve the transient response and stability. Most applications for the GM6605's involve large changes in IN4002 VOUT C1 ADJ R1 CADJ C2 R2 pacitor causes an immediate drop in output voltage given by: In the GM6605 linear regulators, the discharge path is through a large junction, and protection diodes are In microprocessor applications an output capacitor network of several tantalum and ceramic capacitors in parallel is commonly used. This reduces overall ESR and minimizes the instantaneous output voltage drop under transient load conditions. The output capacitor network should be placed as close to the load as possible for the best results. normally not needed. However, if the regulator is used with large output capacitance values and the input voltage is instantaneously shorted to ground, damage can occur. In this case, a diode connected as shown above in Figure 1. GM6605 DV = DI x ESD 5 GM6605 Output Voltage Sensing The GM6605 series are three terminal regulators, so they cannot provide true remote load sensing. Load regulation is limited by the resistance of the conductors connecting the regulator to the load. For best results the GM6605 should be connected as shown in Figure 2. VIN VIN VOUT RC Conductor Parasitic Resistance GM6605-3.3 RLOAD GND (a) Fixed Version VIN VIN VOUT RC Conductor Parasitic Resistance GM6605-A ADJ R1 RLOAD R2 (b) Adjustable Version (a),(b) Figure 2 Conductor Parasitic Resistance Effects are Minimized by this Grounding Scheme For Fixed and Adjustable Output Regulators TJ = TA + PD X RQJA ........(1) Maximum ambient temperature and power dissipation are determined by the design while the maximum junction temperature and thermal resistance depend on the manufacturer and the package type. The maximum power dissipation for a regulator is expressed by equation (2): PD(max) = { VIN(max)- VOUT(min) } IOUT(max) + VIN(max)IQ ........(2) where: VIN(max) is the maximum input voltage, VOUT(min) is the minimum output voltage, IOUT(max) is the maximum output current IQ is the maximum quiescent current at IOUT(max). Calculating Power Dissipation and Heat Sink Requirements sistance are summed to determine RQJA the total thermal shutdown and current limit circuitry to protect the devices. However, high power regulators normally operate at high junction temperatures so it is important to calculate the power dissipation and junction temper- GM6605 These relationship of these four factors is expressed by equation (1): A heat sink effectively increases the surface area of the package to improve the flow of heat away from the IC into the air. Each material in the heat flow path between the IC and the environment has a thermal resistance. Like series electrical resistances, these re- The GM6605 series precision linear regulators include 6 The thermal characteristics of an IC depend four factors: 1. Maximum Ambient Temperature TA (°C) 2. Power Dissipation PD (Watts) 3. Maximum Junction Temperature TJ (°C) 4. Thermal Resistance Junction to ambient RQJA (°C/W) atures accurately to be sure that you use and adequate , thermal resistance between the junction and the air. This is expressed by equation (3): RQJA = RQJC + RQ CS+ R QSA ........(3) Where all of the following are in °C/W: RQJC is thermal resistance of junction to case, RQCS is thermal resistance of case to heat sink, RQSA is thermal resistance of heat sink to ambient air heat sink. The case is connected to VOUT on the The value for RQJA is calculated using equation (3) GM6605, so electrical isolation may be required for and the result can be substituted in equation (1). The value for RQJC is 3.5°C/W for a given package type some applications. Thermal compound should always be used with high current regulators like the GM6605. based on an average die size. For a high current regulator such as the GM6605 the majority of the heat is generated in the power transistor section. GM6605 Typical Performance Characteristics +0.3 1.20 TCASE= 0°C 1.10 1.05 TCASE= 25°C 1.00 0.95 0.90 TCASE= 125°C 0.85 0.80 0.75 +0.2 +0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.80 2.10 2.40 2.70 300 0 30 60 Qutput Current(A) 90 Figure 4. Bandgap Reference Voltage Deviation vs. Temperature Figure 3. Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current 90 0.65 Minimum Load Current(mA) 80 70 Ripple Rejection(dB) 120 TJ°C 60 50 40 30 TCASE= 0°C 0.60 TCASE= 25°C 0.55 TCASE= 125°C 0.50 0.45 20 10 101 102 103 104 105 Frequency(Hz) Figure 5. Ripple Rejection vs. Frequency 106 0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 VIN - VOUT(V) Figure 6. Minimum Load Current vs. VIN - VOUT(V) GM6605 Dropout Voltage(V) Reference Voltage Deviation(%) 1.15 7 GM6605 TO-252 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 6.50 ± 0.05 2.30 ± 0.05 5.340 ± 0.05 0.508 ± 0.0127 29° ± 0.5° G REF 0.6 Pad Layout 7° 6.10 ± 0.05 7.20 ± 0.05 1.0 ± 0.05 0.244 6.20 9.900 7° 7° 0.75 ± 0.10 0.89 ± 0.05 0.75 ± 0.10 0.243 6.172 0.228 5.80 2.70 ± 0.10 1.525 ± 0.10 R 0.25 ± 0.13 0.81 ± 0.038 0.118 3.0 0.070 ± 0.05 0.063 1.6 0.101 2.58 ( Inches ) mm Unit: mm R0.15 max 2° TO-263-2 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 9.90 ± 0.20 4.50 ± 0.20 +0.1 1.30 -0.05 15° 0.40 1.20 Pad Layout 3° 1.50 DP0.20 0.63 17.02 0.33 8.38 9.20 ± 0.20 P 15.3 ± 0.20 0.10 ± 0.01 3° 3° 1.4 ± 0.20 R0.30 2.40 ± 0.20 2.00 ± 0.10 4.90 ± 0.20 0.90 ± 0.10 1.27 ± 0.10 GM6605 2.54 TYP (2.54 ± 0.20) 8 0.42 10.66 3° 0.24 6.096 2.54 ± 0.10 0.75 R0.30 +0.1 0.50 -0.05 0.04 1.016 10.0 ± 0.20 7.0 4.0 0.40 3° 0.12 3.05 ( 0.90 R 0.3 R 0.45 7.2 9.20 ± 0.20 10.00 ± 0.20 4.90 ± 0.20 Unit: mm Inches ) mm GM6605 TO-220 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.50 ± 0.20 9.90 ± 0.20 3.60 ± 0.20 8.0 8.70 2.80 ± 0.10 7.0 +0.1 1.30 -0.05 4.60 8.40 P 1.27 ± 0.10 2.54 TYP (2.54 ± 0.20) 3° 3° 3° 45° 3.00 10.08 ± 0.30 13.08 ± 0.20 1.46 1.00 18.95 MAX 3.70 ± 0.20 15.90 ± 0.20 1.50 DP0.20 9.20 ± 0.20 1.30 ± 0.10 1.70 0.80 ± 0.10 1.52 ± 0.10 0.9 7.0 3° 3-R0.2 +0.1 0.50 -0.05 2.40 ± 0.20 3° 2 - R 0.3 Unit: mm 10.00 ± 0.20 ORDERING NUMBER GM 6605 1.8 TB3 T Gamma Micro. Shipping T: Tube R: Tape & Reel Output Voltage A: Adj, 1.5: 1.5V 1.8: 1.8V, 2.5: 2.5V 3.3: 3.3V, 5.0: 5.0V Package TA3: TO-263-2 TB3: TO-220 TC3: TO-252 GM6605 Circuit Type 9