Renesas HD6432645 Renesas 16-bit single-chip microcomputer h8s family/h8s/2600 sery Datasheet

REJ09B0257-0500
The revision list can be viewed directly by
clicking the title page.
The revision list summarizes the locations of
revisions and additions. Details should always
be checked by referring to the relevant text.
16
H8S/2646 Group, H8S/2646R F-ZTAT,
H8S/2648R F-ZTAT
Hardware Manual
Renesas 16-Bit Single-Chip Microcomputer
H8S Family/H8S/2600 Series
H8S/2646
H8S/2645
H8S/2647
H8S/2648
H8S/2646R
H8S/2648R
Rev. 5.00
Revision Date: Sep 22, 2005
HD6432646
HD6432645
HD6432647
HD6432648
HD64F2646R
HD64F2648R
Keep safety first in your circuit designs!
1. Renesas Technology Corp. puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and
more reliable, but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them. Trouble with
semiconductors may lead to personal injury, fire or property damage.
Remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs, with appropriate
measures such as (i) placement of substitutive, auxiliary circuits, (ii) use of nonflammable material or
(iii) prevention against any malfunction or mishap.
Notes regarding these materials
1. These materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the Renesas
Technology Corp. product best suited to the customer's application; they do not convey any license
under any intellectual property rights, or any other rights, belonging to Renesas Technology Corp. or
a third party.
2. Renesas Technology Corp. assumes no responsibility for any damage, or infringement of any thirdparty's rights, originating in the use of any product data, diagrams, charts, programs, algorithms, or
circuit application examples contained in these materials.
3. All information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs and
algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials, and are
subject to change by Renesas Technology Corp. without notice due to product improvements or
other reasons. It is therefore recommended that customers contact Renesas Technology Corp. or
an authorized Renesas Technology Corp. product distributor for the latest product information
before purchasing a product listed herein.
The information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Renesas Technology Corp. assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability, or other loss rising
from these inaccuracies or errors.
Please also pay attention to information published by Renesas Technology Corp. by various means,
including the Renesas Technology Corp. Semiconductor home page (http://www.renesas.com).
4. When using any or all of the information contained in these materials, including product data,
diagrams, charts, programs, and algorithms, please be sure to evaluate all information as a total
system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products. Renesas
Technology Corp. assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability or other loss resulting from the
information contained herein.
5. Renesas Technology Corp. semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a device or
system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake. Please contact
Renesas Technology Corp. or an authorized Renesas Technology Corp. product distributor when
considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific purposes, such as apparatus or
systems for transportation, vehicular, medical, aerospace, nuclear, or undersea repeater use.
6. The prior written approval of Renesas Technology Corp. is necessary to reprint or reproduce in
whole or in part these materials.
7. If these products or technologies are subject to the Japanese export control restrictions, they must
be exported under a license from the Japanese government and cannot be imported into a country
other than the approved destination.
Any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of Japan and/or the
country of destination is prohibited.
8. Please contact Renesas Technology Corp. for further details on these materials or the products
contained therein.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page ii of xxvi
General Precautions on the Handling of Products
1. Treatment of NC Pins
Note: Do not connect anything to the NC pins.
The NC (not connected) pins are either not connected to any of the internal circuitry or are
used as test pins or to reduce noise. If something is connected to the NC pins, the
operation of the LSI is not guaranteed.
2. Treatment of Unused Input Pins
Note: Fix all unused input pins to high or low level.
Generally, the input pins of CMOS products are high-impedance input pins. If unused pins
are in their open states, intermediate levels are induced by noise in the vicinity, a passthrough current flows internally, and a malfunction may occur.
3. Processing before Initialization
Note: When power is first supplied, the product’s state is undefined. The states of internal
circuits are undefined until full power is supplied throughout the chip and a low level is
input on the reset pin. During the period where the states are undefined, the register
settings and the output state of each pin are also undefined. Design your system so that it
does not malfunction because of processing while it is in this undefined state. For those
products which have a reset function, reset the LSI immediately after the power supply has
been turned on.
4. Prohibition of Access to Undefined or Reserved Address
Note: Access to undefined or reserved addresses is prohibited.
The undefined or reserved addresses may be used to expand functions, or test registers
may have been be allocated to these address. Do not access these registers: the system’s
operation is not guaranteed if they are accessed.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page iii of xxvi
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page iv of xxvi
Preface
The H8S/2646 Group is a series of high-performance microcontrollers with a 32-bit H8S/2600
CPU core, and a set of on-chip supporting functions required for system configuration.
This LSI is equipped with a 16-bit timer pulse unit (TPU), programmable pulse generator (PPG),
watchdog timer (WDT), serial communication interface (SCI), A/D converter, motor control
PWM timer (PWM), LCD controller/driver (LCDC), and I/O ports as on-chip supporting modules.
In addition, data transfer controller (DTC) is provided, enabling high-speed data transfer without
CPU intervention. This LSI is suitable for use as an embedded processor for high-level control
systems. Its on-chip ROM are flash memory (F-ZTAT™*) that provides flexibility as it can be
reprogrammed in no time to cope with all situations from the early stages of mass production to
full-scale mass production. This is particularly applicable to application devices with
specifications that will most probably change.
Note: * F-ZTAT is a trademark of Renesas Technology Corp.
Target Users: This manual was written for users who will be using the H8S/2646 Group in the
design of application systems. Members of this audience are expected to understand
the fundamentals of electrical circuits, logical circuits, and microcomputers.
Objective:
This manual was written to explain the hardware functions and electrical
characteristics of the H8S/2646 Group to the above audience. Refer to the
H8S/2600 Series, H8S/2000 Series Programming Manual for a detailed description
of the instruction set.
Notes on reading this manual:
• In order to understand the overall functions of the chip
Read the manual according to the contents. This manual can be roughly categorized into parts
on the CPU, system control functions, peripheral functions and electrical characteristics.
• In order to understand the details of the CPU's functions
Read the H8S/2600 Series, H8S/2000 Series Programming Manual.
• In order to understand the details of a register when its name is known
The addresses, bits, and initial values of the registers are summarized in appendix B, Internal
I/O Register.
Example: Bit order: The MSB is on the left and the LSB is on the right.
Related Manuals:
The latest versions of all related manuals are available from our web site.
Please ensure you have the latest versions of all documents you require.
http://www.renesas.com/eng/
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page v of xxvi
H8S/2646 Group manuals:
Document Title
Document No.
H8S/2646 Group Hardware Manual
This manual
H8S/2600 Series, H8S/2000 Series Programming Manual
REJ09B0139
Users manuals for development tools:
Document Title
Document No.
H8S, H8/300 Series C/C++ Compiler, Assembler, Optimized Linkage
Editor User’s Manual
REJ10B0058
H8S, H8/300 Series Simulator Debugger (for Windows) User’s Manual
ADE-702-037
H8S, H8/300 Series High-performance Embedded Workshop
User’s Manual
ADE-702-201
Application Note:
Document Title
Document No.
H8S Series Technical Q & A
REJ05B0397
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page vi of xxvi
Main Revisions for This Edition
Item
Page
Revision (See Manual for Details)
All

All references to Hitachi, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Semiconductors, and
other Hitachi brand names changed to Renesas Technology Corp.
Designation for categories changed from “series” to “group”
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page vii of xxvi
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page viii of xxvi
Contents
Section 1 Overview.............................................................................................................
1.1
1.2
1.3
1
Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1
Internal Block Diagram .................................................................................................... 6
Pin Description ................................................................................................................. 8
1.3.1 Pin Arrangement.................................................................................................. 8
1.3.2 Pin Functions in Each Operating Mode ............................................................... 10
1.3.3 Pin Functions ....................................................................................................... 20
Section 2 CPU ...................................................................................................................... 27
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
2.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
2.1.2 Differences between H8S/2600 CPU and H8S/2000 CPU ..................................
2.1.3 Differences from H8/300 CPU ............................................................................
2.1.4 Differences from H8/300H CPU .........................................................................
CPU Operating Modes......................................................................................................
Address Space...................................................................................................................
Register Configuration......................................................................................................
2.4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
2.4.2 General Registers.................................................................................................
2.4.3 Control Registers .................................................................................................
2.4.4 Initial Register Values .........................................................................................
Data Formats.....................................................................................................................
2.5.1 General Register Data Formats............................................................................
2.5.2 Memory Data Formats.........................................................................................
Instruction Set...................................................................................................................
2.6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
2.6.2 Instructions and Addressing Modes.....................................................................
2.6.3
Table of Instructions Classified by Function ......................................................
2.6.4 Basic Instruction Formats ....................................................................................
Addressing Modes and Effective Address Calculation.....................................................
2.7.1 Addressing Mode.................................................................................................
2.7.2 Effective Address Calculation .............................................................................
Processing States ..............................................................................................................
2.8.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
2.8.2 Reset State ...........................................................................................................
2.8.3 Exception-Handling State ....................................................................................
2.8.4 Program Execution State .....................................................................................
2.8.5 Bus-Released State ..............................................................................................
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Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page ix of xxvi
2.8.6 Power-Down State ...............................................................................................
Basic Timing.....................................................................................................................
2.9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
2.9.2 On-Chip Memory (ROM, RAM).........................................................................
2.9.3 On-Chip Supporting Module Access Timing ......................................................
2.9.4 On-Chip HCAN Module Access Timing.............................................................
2.9.5 External Address Space Access Timing ..............................................................
2.10 Usage Note........................................................................................................................
2.10.1 TAS Instruction ...................................................................................................
2.10.2 Caution to Observe when Using Bit Manipulation Instructions ..........................
2.9
69
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76
Section 3 MCU Operating Modes .................................................................................. 77
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
3.1.1 Operating Mode Selection ...................................................................................
3.1.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
3.2.1 Mode Control Register (MDCR) .........................................................................
3.2.2 System Control Register (SYSCR)......................................................................
3.2.3 Pin Function Control Register (PFCR) ................................................................
Operating Mode Descriptions ...........................................................................................
3.3.1 Mode 4.................................................................................................................
3.3.2 Mode 5.................................................................................................................
3.3.3 Mode 6.................................................................................................................
3.3.4 Mode 7.................................................................................................................
Pin Functions in Each Operating Mode ............................................................................
Address Map in Each Operating Mode.............................................................................
77
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80
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83
Section 4 Exception Handling ......................................................................................... 87
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
4.1.1 Exception Handling Types and Priority...............................................................
4.1.2 Exception Handling Operation ............................................................................
4.1.3 Exception Vector Table .......................................................................................
Reset .................................................................................................................................
4.2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
4.2.2 Reset Sequence ....................................................................................................
4.2.3 Interrupts after Reset............................................................................................
4.2.4 State of On-Chip Supporting Modules after Reset Release .................................
Traces................................................................................................................................
Interrupts...........................................................................................................................
Trap Instruction ................................................................................................................
Stack Status after Exception Handling..............................................................................
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page x of xxvi
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96
4.7
Notes on Use of the Stack................................................................................................. 97
Section 5 Interrupt Controller .......................................................................................... 99
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
5.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
5.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
5.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
5.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
5.2.1 System Control Register (SYSCR)......................................................................
5.2.2 Interrupt Priority Registers A to H, J, K, M
(IPRA to IPRH, IPRJ, IPRK, IPRM)...................................................................
5.2.3 IRQ Enable Register (IER) ..................................................................................
5.2.4 IRQ Sense Control Registers H and L (ISCRH, ISCRL).....................................
5.2.5 IRQ Status Register (ISR) ...................................................................................
Interrupt Sources...............................................................................................................
5.3.1 External Interrupts ...............................................................................................
5.3.2 Internal Interrupts ................................................................................................
5.3.3 Interrupt Exception Handling Vector Table ........................................................
Interrupt Operation ...........................................................................................................
5.4.1 Interrupt Control Modes and Interrupt Operation................................................
5.4.2 Interrupt Control Mode 0.....................................................................................
5.4.3 Interrupt Control Mode 2.....................................................................................
5.4.4 Interrupt Exception Handling Sequence ..............................................................
5.4.5 Interrupt Response Times ....................................................................................
Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
5.5.1 Contention between Interrupt Generation and Disabling.....................................
5.5.2 Instructions that Disable Interrupts......................................................................
5.5.3 Times when Interrupts are Disabled ....................................................................
5.5.4 Interrupts during Execution of EEPMOV Instruction .........................................
5.5.5 IRQ Interrupts......................................................................................................
DTC Activation by Interrupt.............................................................................................
5.6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
5.6.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
5.6.3 Operation .............................................................................................................
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125
Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC) ........................................................................... 127
6.1
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
6.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
6.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
6.1.3 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
127
127
128
129
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xi of xxvi
6.2
6.3
Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
6.2.1 Break Address Register A (BARA).....................................................................
6.2.2 Break Address Register B (BARB) .....................................................................
6.2.3 Break Control Register A (BCRA) ......................................................................
6.2.4 Break Control Register B (BCRB) ......................................................................
6.2.5 Module Stop Control Register C (MSTPCRC)....................................................
Operation ..........................................................................................................................
6.3.1 PC Break Interrupt Due to Instruction Fetch .......................................................
6.3.2 PC Break Interrupt Due to Data Access ..............................................................
6.3.3 Notes on PC Break Interrupt Handling................................................................
6.3.4 Operation in Transitions to Power-Down Modes ................................................
6.3.5 PC Break Operation in Continuous Data Transfer...............................................
6.3.6 When Instruction Execution is Delayed by One State .........................................
6.3.7 Additional Notes..................................................................................................
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138
Section 7 Bus Controller ................................................................................................... 139
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
7.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
7.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
7.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
7.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
7.2.1 Bus Width Control Register (ABWCR) ..............................................................
7.2.2 Access State Control Register (ASTCR) .............................................................
7.2.3 Wait Control Registers H and L (WCRH, WCRL) .............................................
7.2.4 Bus Control Register H (BCRH) .........................................................................
7.2.5 Bus Control Register L (BCRL) ..........................................................................
7.2.6 Pin Function Control Register (PFCR) ................................................................
Overview of Bus Control..................................................................................................
7.3.1 Area Partitioning..................................................................................................
7.3.2 Bus Specifications ...............................................................................................
7.3.3 Memory Interfaces...............................................................................................
7.3.4 Interface Specifications for Each Area ................................................................
Basic Bus Interface ...........................................................................................................
7.4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
7.4.2 Data Size and Data Alignment.............................................................................
7.4.3 Valid Strobes .......................................................................................................
7.4.4 Basic Timing........................................................................................................
7.4.5 Wait Control ........................................................................................................
Burst ROM Interface ........................................................................................................
7.5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xii of xxvi
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170
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.5.2 Basic Timing........................................................................................................
7.5.3 Wait Control ........................................................................................................
Idle Cycle..........................................................................................................................
7.6.1 Operation .............................................................................................................
7.6.2 Pin States During Idle Cycles ..............................................................................
Write Data Buffer Function ..............................................................................................
Bus Arbitration .................................................................................................................
7.8.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
7.8.2 Operation .............................................................................................................
7.8.3 Bus Transfer Timing............................................................................................
Resets and the Bus Controller...........................................................................................
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178
179
Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC) .................................................................. 181
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
8.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
8.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
8.1.3 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
8.2.1 DTC Mode Register A (MRA) ............................................................................
8.2.2 DTC Mode Register B (MRB).............................................................................
8.2.3 DTC Source Address Register (SAR)..................................................................
8.2.4 DTC Destination Address Register (DAR)..........................................................
8.2.5 DTC Transfer Count Register A (CRA) ..............................................................
8.2.6 DTC Transfer Count Register B (CRB)...............................................................
8.2.7 DTC Enable Registers (DTCER).........................................................................
8.2.8 DTC Vector Register (DTVECR)........................................................................
8.2.9 Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA) ...................................................
Operation ..........................................................................................................................
8.3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
8.3.2 Activation Sources...............................................................................................
8.3.3 DTC Vector Table ...............................................................................................
8.3.4 Location of Register Information in Address Space ............................................
8.3.5 Normal Mode.......................................................................................................
8.3.6 Repeat Mode........................................................................................................
8.3.7 Block Transfer Mode...........................................................................................
8.3.8 Chain Transfer .....................................................................................................
8.3.9 Operation Timing ................................................................................................
8.3.10 Number of DTC Execution States .......................................................................
8.3.11 Procedures for Using DTC ..................................................................................
8.3.12 Examples of Use of the DTC...............................................................................
Interrupts...........................................................................................................................
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Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xiii of xxvi
8.5
Usage Notes ...................................................................................................................... 213
Section 9 I/O Ports .............................................................................................................. 215
9.1
9.2
Overview ..........................................................................................................................
Port 1.................................................................................................................................
9.2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.2.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.2.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.3 Port 2.................................................................................................................................
9.3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.3.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.3.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.4 Port 3.................................................................................................................................
9.4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.4.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.4.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.5 Port 4.................................................................................................................................
9.5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.5.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.5.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.6 Port 5.................................................................................................................................
9.6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.6.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.6.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.7 Port 9.................................................................................................................................
9.7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.7.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.7.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.8 Port A................................................................................................................................
9.8.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.8.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.8.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.8.4 MOS Input Pull-Up Function ..............................................................................
9.9 Port B................................................................................................................................
9.9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.9.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.9.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.9.4 MOS Input Pull-Up Function ..............................................................................
9.10 Port C................................................................................................................................
9.10.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.10.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xiv of xxvi
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9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.10.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.10.4 MOS Input Pull-Up Function ..............................................................................
Port D................................................................................................................................
9.11.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.11.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.11.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.11.4 MOS Input Pull-Up Function ..............................................................................
Port E ................................................................................................................................
9.12.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.12.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.12.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
9.12.4 MOS Input Pull-Up Function ..............................................................................
Port F ................................................................................................................................
9.13.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.13.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.13.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
Port H................................................................................................................................
9.14.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.14.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.14.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
Port J .................................................................................................................................
9.15.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.15.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.15.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
Port K................................................................................................................................
9.16.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
9.16.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
9.16.3 Pin Functions .......................................................................................................
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297
297
299
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU).................................................................. 301
10.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
10.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
10.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
10.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
10.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
10.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
10.2.1 Timer Control Register (TCR).............................................................................
10.2.2 Timer Mode Register (TMDR)............................................................................
10.2.3 Timer I/O Control Register (TIOR).....................................................................
10.2.4 Timer Interrupt Enable Register (TIER)..............................................................
10.2.5 Timer Status Register (TSR)................................................................................
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305
306
308
310
310
315
317
330
333
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xv of xxvi
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.2.6 Timer Counter (TCNT)........................................................................................
10.2.7 Timer General Register (TGR) ............................................................................
10.2.8 Timer Start Register (TSTR) ...............................................................................
10.2.9 Timer Synchro Register (TSYR) .........................................................................
10.2.10 Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA) ...................................................
Interface to Bus Master.....................................................................................................
10.3.1 16-Bit Registers ...................................................................................................
10.3.2 8-Bit Registers .....................................................................................................
Operation ..........................................................................................................................
10.4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
10.4.2 Basic Functions....................................................................................................
10.4.3 Synchronous Operation .......................................................................................
10.4.4 Buffer Operation..................................................................................................
10.4.5 Cascaded Operation .............................................................................................
10.4.6 PWM Modes........................................................................................................
10.4.7 Phase Counting Mode..........................................................................................
Interrupts...........................................................................................................................
10.5.1 Interrupt Sources and Priorities ...........................................................................
10.5.2 DTC Activation ...................................................................................................
10.5.3 A/D Converter Activation....................................................................................
Operation Timing..............................................................................................................
10.6.1 Input/Output Timing............................................................................................
10.6.2 Interrupt Signal Timing .......................................................................................
Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
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374
374
378
382
Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG) .................................................... 393
11.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
11.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
11.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
11.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
11.1.4 Registers ..............................................................................................................
11.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
11.2.1 Next Data Enable Registers H and L (NDERH, NDERL)...................................
11.2.2 Output Data Registers H and L (PODRH, PODRL)............................................
11.2.3 Next Data Registers H and L (NDRH, NDRL) ...................................................
11.2.4 Notes on NDR Access .........................................................................................
11.2.5 PPG Output Control Register (PCR) ...................................................................
11.2.6 PPG Output Mode Register (PMR) .....................................................................
11.2.7 Port 1 Data Direction Register (P1DDR).............................................................
11.2.8 Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA) ...................................................
11.3 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xvi of xxvi
393
393
394
395
396
397
397
399
399
399
402
404
407
407
408
11.3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
11.3.2 Output Timing .....................................................................................................
11.3.3 Normal Pulse Output ...........................................................................................
11.3.4 Non-Overlapping Pulse Output ...........................................................................
11.3.5 Inverted Pulse Output ..........................................................................................
11.3.6 Pulse Output Triggered by Input Capture............................................................
11.4 Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
408
409
410
412
415
416
417
Section 12 Watchdog Timer.............................................................................................
12.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
12.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
12.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
12.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
12.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
12.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
12.2.1 Timer Counter (TCNT)........................................................................................
12.2.2 Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR)................................................................
12.2.3 Reset Control/Status Register (RSTCSR)............................................................
12.2.4 Notes on Register Access ....................................................................................
12.3 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
12.3.1 Watchdog Timer Operation .................................................................................
12.3.2 Interval Timer Operation .....................................................................................
12.3.3 Timing of Setting Overflow Flag (OVF) .............................................................
12.3.4 Timing of Setting of Watchdog Timer Overflow Flag (WOVF) .........................
12.4 Interrupts...........................................................................................................................
12.5 Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
12.5.1 Contention between Timer Counter (TCNT) Write and Increment.....................
12.5.2 Changing Value of PSS and CKS2 to CKS0 .......................................................
12.5.3 Switching between Watchdog Timer Mode and Interval Timer Mode ...............
12.5.4 Internal Reset in Watchdog Timer Mode.............................................................
12.5.5 OVF Flag Clearing in Interval Timer Mode ........................................................
419
419
419
420
421
421
422
422
423
427
429
431
431
432
433
434
435
435
435
436
436
436
436
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI) .................................................... 437
13.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
13.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
13.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
13.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
13.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
13.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
13.2.1 Receive Shift Register (RSR) ..............................................................................
13.2.2 Receive Data Register (RDR)..............................................................................
437
437
439
440
441
442
442
442
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xvii of xxvi
13.2.3 Transmit Shift Register (TSR).............................................................................
13.2.4 Transmit Data Register (TDR) ............................................................................
13.2.5 Serial Mode Register (SMR) ...............................................................................
13.2.6 Serial Control Register (SCR) .............................................................................
13.2.7 Serial Status Register (SSR) ................................................................................
13.2.8 Bit Rate Register (BRR) ......................................................................................
13.2.9 Smart Card Mode Register (SCMR)....................................................................
13.2.10 Module Stop Control Register B (MSTPCRB)....................................................
13.3 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
13.3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
13.3.2 Operation in Asynchronous Mode .......................................................................
13.3.3 Multiprocessor Communication Function ...........................................................
13.3.4 Operation in Clocked Synchronous Mode ...........................................................
13.4 SCI Interrupts....................................................................................................................
13.5 Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
443
443
444
447
451
455
462
463
465
465
467
478
486
495
496
Section 14 Smart Card Interface ..................................................................................... 505
14.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
14.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
14.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
14.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
14.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
14.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
14.2.1 Smart Card Mode Register (SCMR)....................................................................
14.2.2 Serial Status Register (SSR) ................................................................................
14.2.3 Serial Mode Register (SMR) ...............................................................................
14.2.4 Serial Control Register (SCR) .............................................................................
14.3 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
14.3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................
14.3.2 Pin Connections ...................................................................................................
14.3.3 Data Format .........................................................................................................
14.3.4 Register Settings ..................................................................................................
14.3.5 Clock....................................................................................................................
14.3.6 Data Transfer Operations.....................................................................................
14.3.7 Operation in GSM Mode .....................................................................................
14.3.8 Operation in Block Transfer Mode ......................................................................
14.4 Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
505
505
506
507
508
509
509
511
513
515
516
516
516
518
520
522
524
531
532
533
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN) ........................................................... 537
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 537
15.1.1 Features................................................................................................................ 537
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xviii of xxvi
15.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
15.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
15.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
15.2.1 Master Control Register (MCR) ..........................................................................
15.2.2 General Status Register (GSR) ............................................................................
15.2.3 Bit Configuration Register (BCR) .......................................................................
15.2.4 Mailbox Configuration Register (MBCR) ...........................................................
15.2.5 Transmit Wait Register (TXPR) ..........................................................................
15.2.6 Transmit Wait Cancel Register (TXCR)..............................................................
15.2.7 Transmit Acknowledge Register (TXACK) ........................................................
15.2.8 Abort Acknowledge Register (ABACK) .............................................................
15.2.9 Receive Complete Register (RXPR)....................................................................
15.2.10 Remote Request Register (RFPR) .......................................................................
15.2.11 Interrupt Register (IRR).......................................................................................
15.2.12 Mailbox Interrupt Mask Register (MBIMR) .......................................................
15.2.13 Interrupt Mask Register (IMR) ............................................................................
15.2.14 Receive Error Counter (REC)..............................................................................
15.2.15 Transmit Error Counter (TEC) ............................................................................
15.2.16 Unread Message Status Register (UMSR)...........................................................
15.2.17 Local Acceptance Filter Masks (LAFML, LAFMH)...........................................
15.2.18 Message Control (MC0 to MC15) .......................................................................
15.2.19 Message Data (MD0 to MD15) ...........................................................................
15.2.20 Module Stop Control Register C (MSTPCRC)....................................................
Operation ..........................................................................................................................
15.3.1 Hardware and Software Resets ............................................................................
15.3.2 Initialization after Hardware Reset ......................................................................
15.3.3 Transmit Mode ....................................................................................................
15.3.4 Receive Mode ......................................................................................................
15.3.5 HCAN Sleep Mode..............................................................................................
15.3.6 HCAN Halt Mode................................................................................................
15.3.7 Interrupt Interface ................................................................................................
15.3.8 DTC Interface ......................................................................................................
CAN Bus Interface ...........................................................................................................
Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
538
539
539
541
541
542
544
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
557
558
561
561
562
563
565
569
569
570
570
571
578
584
589
592
593
594
595
596
Section 16 A/D Converter.................................................................................................
16.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
16.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
16.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
16.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
599
599
599
600
601
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xix of xxvi
16.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
16.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
16.2.1 A/D Data Registers A to D (ADDRA to ADDRD) .............................................
16.2.2 A/D Control/Status Register (ADCSR) ...............................................................
16.2.3 A/D Control Register (ADCR) ............................................................................
16.2.4 Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA) ...................................................
16.3 Interface to Bus Master.....................................................................................................
16.4 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
16.4.1 Single Mode (SCAN = 0) ....................................................................................
16.4.2 Scan Mode (SCAN = 1).......................................................................................
16.4.3 Input Sampling and A/D Conversion Time .........................................................
16.4.4 External Trigger Input Timing.............................................................................
16.5 Interrupts...........................................................................................................................
16.6 Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
602
603
603
604
607
608
609
610
610
612
614
615
616
617
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer ........................................................................
17.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
17.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
17.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
17.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
17.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
17.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
17.2.1 PWM Control Registers 1 and 2 (PWCR1, PWCR2) ..........................................
17.2.2 PWM Output Control Registers 1 and 2 (PWOCR1, PWOCR2) ........................
17.2.3 PWM Polarity Registers 1 and 2 (PWPR1, PWPR2) ..........................................
17.2.4 PWM Counters 1 and 2 (PWCNT1, PWCNT2) ..................................................
17.2.5 PWM Cycle Registers 1 and 2 (PWCYR1, PWCYR2) .......................................
17.2.6 PWM Duty Registers 1A, 1C, 1E, 1G (PWDTR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G) .......................
17.2.7 PWM Buffer Registers 1A, 1C, 1E, 1G (PWBFR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G) .....................
17.2.8 PWM Duty Registers 2A to 2H (PWDTR2A to PWDTR2H) .............................
17.2.9 PWM Buffer Registers 2A to 2D (PWBFR2A to PWBFR2D) ...........................
17.2.10 Module Stop Control Register D (MSTPCRD) ...................................................
17.3 Bus Master Interface.........................................................................................................
17.3.1 16-Bit Data Registers...........................................................................................
17.3.2 8-Bit Data Registers.............................................................................................
17.4 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
17.4.1 PWM Channel 1 Operation..................................................................................
17.4.2 PWM Channel 2 Operation..................................................................................
17.5 Usage Note........................................................................................................................
623
623
623
624
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627
628
628
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631
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633
634
636
636
638
639
640
640
640
641
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644
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xx of xxvi
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver ................................................................................. 645
18.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
18.1.1 Features................................................................................................................
18.1.2 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
18.1.3 Pin Configuration ................................................................................................
18.1.4 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
18.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
18.2.1 LCD Port Control Register (LPCR).....................................................................
18.2.2 LCD Control Register (LCR) ..............................................................................
18.2.3 LCD Control Register 2 (LCR2) .........................................................................
18.2.4 Module Stop Control Register D (MSTPCRD) ...................................................
18.3 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
18.3.1 Settings up to LCD Display .................................................................................
18.3.2 Relationship between LCD RAM and Display....................................................
18.3.3 Operation in Power-Down Modes .......................................................................
18.3.4 Boosting the LCD Drive Power Supply...............................................................
645
645
646
647
647
648
648
651
653
654
655
655
657
665
666
Section 19 RAM .................................................................................................................. 667
19.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
19.1.1 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
19.1.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
19.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
19.2.1 System Control Register (SYSCR)......................................................................
19.3 Operation ..........................................................................................................................
19.4 Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
667
667
668
668
668
669
669
Section 20 ROM .................................................................................................................. 671
20.1 Features............................................................................................................................. 671
20.2 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 672
20.2.1 Block Diagram..................................................................................................... 672
20.2.2 Mode Transitions ................................................................................................. 673
20.2.3 On-Board Programming Modes........................................................................... 674
20.2.4 Flash Memory Emulation in RAM ...................................................................... 676
20.2.5 Differences between Boot Mode and User Program Mode ................................. 677
20.2.6 Block Configuration ............................................................................................ 678
20.3 Pin Configuration.............................................................................................................. 679
20.4 Register Configuration...................................................................................................... 680
20.5 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................ 680
20.5.1 Flash Memory Control Register 1 (FLMCR1) .................................................... 680
20.5.2 Flash Memory Control Register 2 (FLMCR2) .................................................... 683
20.5.3 Erase Block Register 1 (EBR1) ........................................................................... 684
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xxi of xxvi
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11
20.12
20.13
20.5.4 Erase Block Register 2 (EBR2) ...........................................................................
20.5.5 RAM Emulation Register (RAMER)...................................................................
20.5.6 Flash Memory Power Control Register (FLPWCR)............................................
On-Board Programming Modes........................................................................................
20.6.1 Boot Mode ...........................................................................................................
20.6.2 User Program Mode.............................................................................................
Flash Memory Programming/Erasing...............................................................................
20.7.1 Program Mode .....................................................................................................
20.7.2 Program-Verify Mode .........................................................................................
20.7.3 Erase Mode ..........................................................................................................
20.7.4 Erase-Verify Mode ..............................................................................................
Protection..........................................................................................................................
20.8.1 Hardware Protection ............................................................................................
20.8.2 Software Protection .............................................................................................
20.8.3 Error Protection ...................................................................................................
Flash Memory Emulation in RAM ...................................................................................
Interrupt Handling when Programming/Erasing Flash Memory.......................................
Flash Memory Programmer Mode....................................................................................
20.11.1 Socket Adapter Pin Correspondence Diagram.....................................................
20.11.2 Programmer Mode Operation ..............................................................................
20.11.3 Memory Read Mode ............................................................................................
20.11.4 Auto-Program Mode............................................................................................
20.11.5 Auto-Erase Mode.................................................................................................
20.11.6 Status Read Mode ................................................................................................
20.11.7 Status Polling.......................................................................................................
20.11.8 Programmer Mode Transition Time ....................................................................
20.11.9 Notes on Memory Programming .........................................................................
Flash Memory and Power-Down States............................................................................
20.12.1 Notes on Power-Down States ..............................................................................
Flash Memory Programming and Erasing Precautions.....................................................
684
685
687
687
688
692
694
696
697
701
702
704
704
705
706
708
710
710
711
713
714
718
720
722
723
723
724
725
725
726
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator .................................................................................. 731
21.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
21.1.1 Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
21.1.2 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
21.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
21.2.1 System Clock Control Register (SCKCR)...........................................................
21.2.2 Low-Power Control Register (LPWRCR) ...........................................................
21.3 Oscillator ..........................................................................................................................
21.3.1 Connecting a Crystal Resonator ..........................................................................
21.4 PLL Circuit .......................................................................................................................
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xxii of xxvi
731
731
732
732
732
733
734
734
737
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
Medium-Speed Clock Divider ..........................................................................................
Bus Master Clock Selection Circuit..................................................................................
Subclock Oscillator...........................................................................................................
Subclock Waveform Generation Circuit...........................................................................
Note on Crystal Resonator ................................................................................................
737
738
738
739
739
Section 22 Power-Down Modes ..................................................................................... 741
22.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................
22.1.1 Register Configuration.........................................................................................
22.2 Register Descriptions........................................................................................................
22.2.1 Standby Control Register (SBYCR) ....................................................................
22.2.2 System Clock Control Register (SCKCR)...........................................................
22.2.3 Low-Power Control Register (LPWRCR) ...........................................................
22.2.4 Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR)................................................................
22.2.5 Module Stop Control Register (MSTPCR)..........................................................
22.3 Medium-Speed Mode .......................................................................................................
22.4 Sleep Mode .......................................................................................................................
22.4.1 Sleep Mode ..........................................................................................................
22.4.2 Exiting Sleep Mode .............................................................................................
22.5 Module Stop Mode ...........................................................................................................
22.5.1 Module Stop Mode ..............................................................................................
22.5.2 Usage Notes.........................................................................................................
22.6 Software Standby Mode....................................................................................................
22.6.1 Software Standby Mode ......................................................................................
22.6.2 Clearing Software Standby Mode........................................................................
22.6.3 Setting Oscillation Stabilization Time after Clearing Software Standby Mode ..
22.6.4 Software Standby Mode Application Example....................................................
22.6.5 Usage Notes.........................................................................................................
22.7 Hardware Standby Mode ..................................................................................................
22.7.1 Hardware Standby Mode .....................................................................................
22.7.2 Hardware Standby Mode Timing ........................................................................
22.8 Watch Mode......................................................................................................................
22.8.1 Watch Mode ........................................................................................................
22.8.2 Exiting Watch Mode............................................................................................
22.8.3 Notes....................................................................................................................
22.9 Subsleep Mode..................................................................................................................
22.9.1 Subsleep Mode ....................................................................................................
22.9.2 Exiting Subsleep Mode........................................................................................
22.10 Subactive Mode ................................................................................................................
22.10.1 Subactive Mode ...................................................................................................
22.10.2 Exiting Subactive Mode ......................................................................................
741
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746
746
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749
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753
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756
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763
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765
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766
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xxiii of xxvi
22.11 Direct Transitions .............................................................................................................
22.11.1 Overview of Direct Transitions ...........................................................................
22.12 φ Clock Output Disabling Function ..................................................................................
22.13 Usage Notes ......................................................................................................................
767
767
767
768
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics ............................................................................. 769
23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
Absolute Maximum Ratings .............................................................................................
Power Supply Voltage and Operating Frequency Range..................................................
DC Characteristics ............................................................................................................
AC Characteristics ............................................................................................................
23.4.1 Clock Timing.......................................................................................................
23.4.2 Control Signal Timing .........................................................................................
23.4.3 Bus Timing ..........................................................................................................
23.4.4 Timing of On-Chip Supporting Modules.............................................................
23.5 A/D Conversion Characteristics .......................................................................................
23.6 LCD Characteristics..........................................................................................................
23.7 Flash Memory Characteristics ..........................................................................................
769
770
771
776
777
779
781
787
792
793
794
Appendix A Instruction Set .............................................................................................. 797
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
Instruction List..................................................................................................................
Instruction Codes ..............................................................................................................
Operation Code Map.........................................................................................................
Number of States Required for Instruction Execution ......................................................
Bus States During Instruction Execution ..........................................................................
Condition Code Modification ...........................................................................................
797
821
836
840
854
868
Appendix B Internal I/O Register ................................................................................... 874
B.1
B.2
Address ............................................................................................................................. 874
Functions .......................................................................................................................... 890
Appendix C I/O Port Block Diagrams ........................................................................ 1092
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7
C.8
C.9
C.10
Port 1 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
Port 2 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
Port 3 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
Port 4 Block Diagram .....................................................................................................
Port 5 Block Diagrams....................................................................................................
Port 9 Block Diagram .....................................................................................................
Port A Block Diagram ....................................................................................................
Port B Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
Port C Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
Port D Block Diagram ....................................................................................................
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xxiv of xxvi
1092
1098
1100
1107
1108
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
C.11
C.12
C.13
C.14
C.15
Port E Block Diagram.....................................................................................................
Port F Block Diagrams ...................................................................................................
Port G Block Diagram ....................................................................................................
Port J Block Diagram......................................................................................................
Port K Block Diagram ....................................................................................................
1117
1118
1125
1126
1127
Appendix D Pin States ..................................................................................................... 1128
D.1
Port States in Each Mode................................................................................................ 1128
Appendix E Timing of Transition to and Recovery
from Hardware Standby Mode.............................................................. 1134
Appendix F Package Dimensions ................................................................................ 1135
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xxv of xxvi
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page xxvi of xxvi
Section 1 Overview
Section 1 Overview
1.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group is a series of microcomputers (MCUs: microcomputer units), built around
the H8S/2600 CPU, employing Renesas Technology’s proprietary architecture, and equipped with
peripheral functions on-chip.
The H8S/2600 CPU has an internal 32-bit architecture, is provided with sixteen 16-bit general
registers and a concise, optimized instruction set designed for high-speed operation, and can
address a 16-Mbyte linear address space. The instruction set is upward-compatible with H8/300
and H8/300H CPU instructions at the object-code level, facilitating migration from the H8/300,
H8/300L, or H8/300H Series.
On-chip peripheral functions required for system configuration include data transfer controller
(DTC) bus masters, ROM and RAM memory, a 16-bit timer pulse unit (TPU), programmable
pulse generator (PPG), watchdog timer (WDT), serial communication interface (SCI), controller
area network (HCAN), A/D converter, motor control PWM timer (PWM), LCD controller/driver
(LCDC), and I/O ports.
On-chip ROM is available as 128-kbyte flash memory (F-ZTAT™ version)* or 128/64-kbyte
mask ROM. ROM is connected to the CPU via a 16-bit data bus, enabling both byte and word data
to be accessed in one state. Instruction fetching has been speeded up, and processing speed
increased.
Four operating modes, modes 4 to 7, are provided, and there is a choice of single-chip mode or
external expansion mode.
The features of the H8S/2646 Group are shown in table 1.1.
Note: * F-ZTAT is a trademark of Renesas Technology Corp.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 1 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Table 1.1
Overview
Item
Specification
CPU
•
General-register machine
 Sixteen 16-bit general registers (also usable as sixteen 8-bit registers
or eight 32-bit registers)
•
High-speed operation suitable for realtime control
 Maximum clock rate: 20 MHz
 High-speed arithmetic operations
8/16/32-bit register-register add/subtract
16 × 16-bit register-register multiply
16 × 16 + 42-bit multiply and accumulate
32 ÷ 16-bit register-register divide
•
: 50 ns
: 200 ns
: 200 ns
: 1000 ns
Instruction set suitable for high-speed operation
 Sixty-nine basic instructions
 8/16/32-bit move/arithmetic and logic instructions
 Unsigned/signed multiply and divide instructions
 Multiply-and accumulate instruction
 Powerful bit-manipulation instructions
•
Two CPU operating modes
 Normal mode: 64-kbyte address space (not used on this device)
 Advanced mode: 16-Mbyte address space
Bus controller
•
Address space divided into 8 areas, with bus specifications settable
independently for each area
•
Choice of 8-bit or 16-bit access space for each area
•
2-state or 3-state access space can be designated for each area
•
Number of program wait states can be set for each area
•
Direct connection to burst ROM supported
PC break controller •
Data transfer
controller (DTC)
Supports debugging functions by means of PC break interrupts
•
Two break channels
•
Can be activated by internal interrupt or software
•
Multiple transfers or multiple types of transfer possible for one activation
source
•
Transfer possible in repeat mode, block transfer mode, etc.
•
Request can be sent to CPU for interrupt that activated DTC
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 2 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Item
Specification
16-bit timer pulse
unit (TPU)
•
6-channel 16-bit timer on-chip
•
Pulse I/O processing capability for up to 16 pins'
•
Automatic 2-phase encoder count capability
Programmable
pulse generator
(PPG)
•
Maximum 8-bit pulse output possible with TPU as time base
•
Output trigger selectable in 4-bit groups
•
Non-overlap margin can be set
•
Direct output or inverse output setting possible
Watchdog timer
(WDT) 2 channels
•
Watchdog timer or interval timer selectable
•
Operation using subclock supported (WDT1 only)
Serial communication interface (SCI)
2 channels
(SCI0 and SCI1)
H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645
•
Asynchronous mode or synchronous mode selectable
•
Multiprocessor communication function
•
Smart card interface function
•
CAN: Ver. 2.0B compliant
•
Buffer size: 15 transmit/receive messages, transmit only one message
•
Filtering of receive messages
•
Resolution: 10 bits
•
Input: 12 channels
•
High-speed conversion: 13.3 µs minimum conversion time
(at 20 MHz operation)
•
Single or scan mode selectable
•
Sample and hold circuit
•
A/D conversion can be activated by external trigger or timer trigger
Serial communication interface (SCI)
3 channels
(SCI0, SCI1, and
SCI2)
H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647
Controller area
network (HCAN) 1
channels
A/D converter
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 3 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Item
Specification
Motor control PWM •
timer (PWM)
•
Maximum of 16 10-bit PWM outputs
Eight outputs with two channels each built in
•
Duty settable between 0% and 100%
•
Automatic transfer of buffer register data supported
•
Block transfer and one-word data transfer supported using DTC
1
24 segments and 4COM*
LCD controller/driver •
(LCDC)
•
40 segments and 4COM*2
•
Display LCD RAM (8 bits × 20 bytes (160 bits)
•
Segment output pins may be selected four at a time as ports
• On-chip power supply division resistor
Notes: 1. In the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
2. In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
I/O ports
•
92 I/O pins, 16 input-only pins
Memory
•
Flash memory
•
High-speed static RAM
Product Name
ROM
RAM
H8S/2646, H8S/2646R
128 kbytes
4 kbytes
64 kbytes
2 kbytes
H8S/2648, H8S/2648R
H8S/2645
H8S/2647
Interrupt controller
•
Seven external interrupt pins (NMI, IRQ0 to IRQ5)
•
Internal interrupt sources
 43 (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
 47 (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
•
Power-down states •
Eight priority levels settable
Medium-speed mode
•
Sleep mode
•
Module-stop mode
•
Software standby mode
•
Hardware standby mode
•
Subclock operation
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 4 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Item
Specification
Operating modes
Four MCU operating modes
External Data Bus
CPU
Operating
Mode Mode
Description
On-Chip
ROM
Initial
Value
Maximum
Value
On-chip ROM disabled Disabled
expansion mode
16 bits
16 bits
5
On-chip ROM disabled Disabled
expansion mode
8 bits
16 bits
6
On-chip ROM enabled
expansion mode
Enabled
8 bits
16 bits
7
Single-chip mode
Enabled
—
—
4
Clock pulse
generator
Packages
Advanced
•
On-chip PLL circuit (×1, ×2, ×4)
•
Input clock frequency: 4 to 20 MHz
•
Subclock frequency: 32.768 kHz
•
144-pin plastic QFP (FP-144)
Product lineup
Model Name
Mask ROM Version
F-ZTAT Version
ROM/RAM (Bytes)
Packages
HD6432646
HD64F2646R
128 k/4 k
HD6432645
—
64 k/2 k
FP-144J
FP-144G
HD6432648
HD64F2648R
128 k/4 k
HD6432647
—
64 k/2 k
FP-144J
FP-144G
The HD64F2646R and HD64F2648R use an FP-144J package.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 5 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
1.2
Internal Block Diagram
Port 5
P52
P51
P50
Port A
WDT × 2 channel
RAM
Port B
ROM
(mask ROM,
flash memory*1)
PA7/A23/SEG24
PA6/A22/SEG23
PA5/A21/SEG22
PA4/A20/SEG21
PA3/A19/COM4
PA2/A18/COM3
PA1/A17/COM2
PA0/A16/COM1
PB7/A15/SEG16
PB6/A14/SEG15
PB5/A13/SEG14
PB4/A12/SEG13
PB3 / A11/SEG12
PB2/A10/SEG11
PB1/A9/SEG10
PB0/A8/SEG9
Port C
PC break controller
Peripheral address bus
PE7 / D7
PE6 / D6
PE5 / D5
PE4 / D4
PE3 / D3
PE2 / D2
PE1 / D1
PE0 / D0
DTC
Peripheral data bus
PD7 / D15
PD6 / D14
PD5 / D13
PD4 / D12
PD3 / D11
PD2 / D10
PD1 / D9
PD0 / D8
Interrupt controller
Port F
PF7/φ
PF6/AS/SEG20
PF5/RD/SEG19
PF4/HWR/SEG18
PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3
PF2/WAIT/SEG17
PF0/IRQ2
H8S/2600 CPU
Bus controller
HTxD
HRxD
Port E
Internal address bus
PLL
Port D
Internal data bus
MD2
MD1
MD0
OSC2
OSC1
EXTAL
XTAL
PLLCAP
PLLVSS
STBY
RES
NMI
FWE*2
Clock pulse
generator
VCC
PWMVCC
LPVCC
VSS
PWMVSS
VCL
V1
V2
V3
Figures 1.1 (1) and 1.1 (2) show internal block diagrams.
PC7/A7/SEG8
PC6/A6/SEG7
PC5/A5/SEG6
PC4/A4/SEG5
PC3/A3/SEG4
PC2/A2/SEG3
PC1/A1/SEG2
PC0/A0/SEG1
HCAN
SCI × 2 channel
Port 2
PK7
PK6
Port K
Port 3
LCDC
TPU
P20/TIOCA3
P21/TIOCB3
P22/TIOCC3
P23/TIOCD3
P24/TIOCA4
P25/TIOCB4
P26/TIOCA5
P27/TIOCB5
Motor control PWM timer
A/D converter
Port 9
PPG
Port J
Port 4
PJ0/ PWM2A
PJ1/ PWM2B
PJ2/ PWM2C
PJ3/ PWM2D
PJ4/ PWM2E
PJ5/ PWM2F
PJ6/ PWM2G
PJ7/ PWM2H
Vref
AVCC
AVSS
P47 / AN7
P46 / AN6
P45 / AN5
P44 / AN4
P43 / AN3
P42 / AN2
P41 / AN1
P40 / AN0
Port H
PH0/ PWM1A
PH1/ PWM1B
PH2/ PWM1C
PH3/ PWM1D
PH4/ PWM1E
PH5/ PWM1F
PH6/ PWM1G
PH7/ PWM1H
P10 / PO8/ TIOCA0
P11 / PO9/ TIOCB0
P12 / PO10/ TIOCC0 / TCLKA
P13 / PO11/ TIOCD0 / TCLKB
P14 / PO12/ TIOCA1/IRQ0
P15 / PO13/ TIOCB1 / TCLKC
P16 / PO14/ TIOCA2/IRQ1
P17 / PO15/ TIOCB2 /TCLKD
Port 1
P37
P36
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P34/RxD1
P33/TxD1
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P31/RxD0
P30/TxD0
P97
P96
P95
P94
P93/AN11
P92/AN10
P91/AN9
P90/AN8
Notes: 1. Flash memory version only.
2. The FWE pin is for compatibility with the flash memory version.
Figure 1.1 (1) H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645 Internal Block Diagram
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 6 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Port 5
P52/SCK2
P51/RxD2
P50/TxD2
Port A
Port B
WDT × 2 channel
RAM
PA7/A23/SEG40
PA6/ A22/SEG39
PA5/A21/SEG38
PA4/A20/SEG37
PA3/A19/COM4
PA2/A18/COM3
PA1/A17/COM2
PA0/A16/COM1
PB7/ A15/SEG32
PB6/ A14/SEG31
PB5/ A13/SEG30
PB4/ A12/SEG29
PB3 / A11/SEG28
PB2/ A10/SEG27
PB1/ A9/SEG26
PB0/ A8/SEG25
Port C
ROM
(mask ROM,
flash memory*1)
Peripheral address bus
PC break controller
Peripheral data bus
DTC
Bus controller
PE7 / D7/SEG8
PE6 / D6/SEG7
PE5 / D5/SEG6
PE4 / D4/SEG5
PE3 / D3/SEG4
PE2 / D2/SEG3
PE1 / D1/SEG2
PE0 / D0/SEG1
H8S/2600 CPU
Internal address bus
PD7 / D15/SEG16
PD6 / D14/SEG15
PD5 / D13/SEG14
PD4 / D12/SEG13
PD3 / D11/SEG12
PD2 / D10/SEG11
PD1 / D9/SEG10
PD0 / D8/SEG9
Port E
Interrupt controller
Port F
PF7/ φ
PF6/ AS/SEG36
PF5/ RD/SEG35
PF4/ HWR/SEG34
PF3/ LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3
PF2/ WAIT/SEG33
PF0/ IRQ2
PLL
Port D
Internal data bus
MD2
MD1
MD0
OSC2
OSC1
EXTAL
XTAL
PLLCAP
PLLVSS
STBY
RES
NMI
FWE*2
HTxD
HRxD
Clock pulse
generator
VCC
PWMVCC
LPVCC
VSS
PWMVSS
VCL
V1
V2
V3
Section 1 Overview
PC7/A7/ SEG24
PC6/A6/ SEG23
PC5/A5/SEG22
PC4/A4/SEG21
PC3/A3/SEG20
PC2/A2/SEG19
PC1/A1/SEG18
PC0/A0/SEG17
HCAN
SCI × 3 channel
Port 2
PK7
PK6
Port K
Port 3
LCDC
TPU
P20/TIOCA3
P21/TIOCB3
P22/TIOCC3
P23/TIOCD3
P24/TIOCA4
P25/TIOCB4
P26/TIOCA5
P27/TIOCB5
Motor control PWM timer
A/D converter
Port 9
PPG
Port J
Port 4
PJ0/ PWM2A
PJ1/ PWM2B
PJ2/ PWM2C
PJ3/ PWM2D
PJ4/ PWM2E
PJ5/ PWM2F
PJ6/ PWM2G
PJ7/ PWM2H
Vref
AVCC
AVSS
P47 / AN7
P46 / AN6
P45 / AN5
P44 / AN4
P43 / AN3
P42 / AN2
P41 / AN1
P40 / AN0
Port H
PH0/PWM1A
PH1/PWM1B
PH2/PWM1C
PH3/PWM1D
PH4/PWM1E
PH5/PWM1F
PH6/PWM1G
PH7/PWM1H
P10 / PO8/ TIOCA0
P11 / PO9/ TIOCB0
P12 / PO10/TIOCC0 / TCLKA
P13 / PO11/TIOCD0 / TCLKB
P14 / PO12/TIOCA1/IRQ0
P15 / PO13/TIOCB1 / TCLKC
P16 / PO14/TIOCA2/IRQ1
P17 / PO15/TIOCB2 /TCLKD
Port 1
P37
P36
P35/ SCK1/IRQ5
P34/ RxD1
P33/ TxD1
P32/ SCK0/IRQ4
P31/ RxD0
P30/ TxD0
P97
P96
P95
P94
P93/ AN11
P92/ AN10
P91/ AN9
P90/ AN8
Notes: 1. Flash memory version only.
2. The FWE pin is for compatibility with the flash memory version.
Figure 1.1 (2) H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647 Internal Block Diagram
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 7 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
1.3
Pin Description
1.3.1
Pin Arrangement
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/TCLKD
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/IRQ1
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/TCLKC
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/IRQ0
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/TCLKB
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/TCLKA
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
PF7/φ
PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3
PF0/IRQ2
FWE
EXTAL
VSS
XTAL
VCL
VCC
VCC
OSC2
OSC1
VSS
PLLCAP
PLLVSS
STBY
NMI
RES
P37
P36
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P34/RXD1
P33/TXD1
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P31/RXD0
P30/TXD0
MD0
MD1
Figure 1.2 (1) shows the pin arrangement of the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645, and figure
1.2 (2) shows that of the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Top View
(FP-144J, FP-144G)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
MD2
PWMVSS
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ4/PWM2E
PWMVCC
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ0/PWM2A
PWMVSS
PH7/PWM1H
PH6/PWM1G
PH5/PWM1F
PH4/PWM1E
PWMVCC
PH3/PWM1D
PH2/PWM1C
PH1/PWM1B
PH0/PWM1A
PWMVSS
PA3/A19/COM4
PA2/A18/COM3
PA1/A17/COM2
PA0/A16/COM1
PA7/A23/SEG24
PA6/A22/SEG23
PA5/A21/SEG22
PA4/A20/SEG21
PF6/AS/SEG20
PF5/RD/SEG19
VSS
PF4/HWR/SEG18
PF2/WAIT/SEG17
PB7/A15/SEG16
V1
V2
V3
PE0/D0
PE1/D1
PE2/D2
PE3/D3
PE4/D4
PE5/D5
PE6/D6
PE7/D7
VSS
PD0/D8
PD1/D9
PD2/D10
PD3/D11
PD4/D12
PD5/D13
PD6/D14
PD7/D15
LPVCC
PC0/A0/SEG1
PC1/A1/SEG2
PC2/A2/SEG3
PC3/A3/SEG4
PC4/A4/SEG5
PC5/A5/SEG6
PC6/A6/SEG7
PC7/A7/SEG8
PB0/A8/SEG9
PB1/A9/SEG10
PB2/A10/SEG11
PB3/A11/SEG12
PB4/A12/SEG13
PB5/A13/SEG14
PB6/A14/SEG15
HTxD
HRxD
P50
P51
P52
P20/TIOCA3
P21/TIOCB3
P22/TIOCC3
P23/TIOCD3
P25/TIOCB4
VCC
P24/TIOCA4
PK6
P27/TIOCB5
VSS
P26/TIOCA5
PK7
AVCC
Vref
P40/AN0
P41/AN1
P42/AN2
P43/AN3
P44/AN4
P45/AN5
P46/AN6
P47/AN7
P90/AN8
P91/AN9
P92/AN10
P93/AN11
P94
P95
P96
P97
AVSS
Figure 1.2 (1) H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645 Pin Arrangement
(FP-144J, FP-144G: Top View)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 8 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
108
107
106
105
104
103
102
101
100
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/TCLKD
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/IRQ1
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/TCLKC
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/IRQ0
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/TCLKB
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/TCLKA
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
PF7/φ
PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3
PF0/IRQ2
FWE
EXTAL
VSS
XTAL
VCL
VCC
VCC
OSC2
OSC1
VSS
PLLCAP
PLLVSS
STBY
NMI
RES
P37
P36
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P34/RXD1
P33/TXD1
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P31/RXD0
P30/TXD0
MD0
MD1
Section 1 Overview
Top View
(FP-144J, FP-144G)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
MD2
PWMVSS
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ4/PWM2E
PWMVCC
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ0/PWM2A
PWMVSS
PH7/PWM1H
PH6/PWM1G
PH5/PWM1F
PH4/PWM1E
PWMVCC
PH3/PWM1D
PH2/PWM1C
PH1/PWM1B
PH0/PWM1A
PWMVSS
PA3/A19/COM4
PA2/A18/COM3
PA1/A17/COM2
PA0/A16/COM1
PA7/A23/SEG40
PA6/A22/SEG39
PA5/A21/SEG38
PA4/A20/SEG37
PF6/AS/SEG36
PF5/RD/SEG35
VSS
PF4/HWR/SEG34
PF2/WAIT/SEG33
PB7/A15/SEG32
V1
V2
V3
PE0/D0/SEG1
PE1/D1/SEG2
PE2/D2/SEG3
PE3/D3/SEG4
PE4/D4/SEG5
PE5/D5/SEG6
PE6/D6/SEG7
PE7/D7/SEG8
VSS
PD0/D8/SEG9
PD1/D9/SEG10
PD2/D10/SEG11
PD3/D11/SEG12
PD4/D12/SEG13
PD5/D13/SEG14
PD6/D14/SEG15
PD7/D15/SEG16
LPVCC
PC0/A0/SEG17
PC1/A1/SEG18
PC2/A2/SEG19
PC3/A3/SEG20
PC4/A4/SEG21
PC5/A5/SEG22
PC6/A6/SEG23
PC7/A7/SEG24
PB0/A8/SEG25
PB1/A9/SEG26
PB2/A10/SEG27
PB3/A11/SEG28
PB4/A12/SEG29
PB5/A13/SEG30
PB6/A14/SEG31
HTxD
HRxD
P50/TxD2
P51/RxD2
P52/SCK2
P20/TIOCA3
P21/TIOCB3
P22/TIOCC3
P23/TIOCD3
P25/TIOCB4
VCC
P24/TIOCA4
PK6
P27/TIOCB5
VSS
P26/TIOCA5
PK7
AVCC
Vref
P40/AN0
P41/AN1
P42/AN2
P43/AN3
P44/AN4
P45/AN5
P46/AN6
P47/AN7
P90/AN8
P91/AN9
P92/AN10
P93/AN11
P94
P95
P96
P97
AVSS
Figure 1.2 (2) H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647 Pin Arrangement
(FP-144J, FP-144G: Top View)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 9 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
1.3.2
Pin Functions in Each Operating Mode
Tables 1.2 (1) and 1.2 (2) show the pin functions in each of the operating modes.
Table 1.2 (1) Pin Functions in Each Operating Mode (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
1
V1
V1
V1
V1
2
V2
V2
V2
V2
3
V3
V3
V3
V3
4
PE0/D0
PE0/D0
PE0/D0
PE0
5
PE1/D1
PE1/D1
PE1/D1
PE1
6
PE2/D2
PE2/D2
PE2/D2
PE2
7
PE3/D3
PE3/D3
PE3/D3
PE3
8
PE4/D4
PE4/D4
PE4/D4
PE4
9
PE5/D5
PE5/D5
PE5/D5
PE5
10
PE6/D6
PE6/D6
PE6/D6
PE6
11
PE7/D7
PE7/D7
PE7/D7
PE7
12
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
13
D8
D8
D8
PD0
14
D9
D9
D9
PD1
15
D10
D10
D10
PD2
16
D11
D11
D11
PD3
17
D12
D12
D12
PD4
18
D13
D13
D13
PD5
19
D14
D14
D14
PD6
20
D15
D15
D15
PD7
21
LPVcc
LPVcc
LPVcc
LPVcc
22
A0
A0
PC0/A0/SEG1
PC0/SEG1
23
A1
A1
PC1/A1/SEG2
PC1/SEG2
24
A2
A2
PC2/A2/SEG3
PC2/SEG3
25
A3
A3
PC3/A3/SEG4
PC3/SEG4
26
A4
A4
PC4/A4/SEG5
PC4/SEG5
27
A5
A5
PC5/A5/SEG6
PC5/SEG6
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 10 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
28
A6
A6
PC6/A6/SEG7
PC6/SEG7
29
A7
A7
PC7/A7/SEG8
PC7/SEG8
30
PB0/A8/SEG9
PB0/A8/SEG9
PB0/A8/SEG9
PB0/SEG9
31
PB1/A9/SEG10
PB1/A9/SEG10
PB1/A9/SEG10
PB1/SEG10
32
PB2/A10/SEG11
PB2/A10/SEG11
PB2/A10/SEG11
PB2/SEG11
33
PB3/A11/SEG12
PB3/A11/SEG12
PB3/A11/SEG12
PB3/SEG12
34
PB4/A12/SEG13
PB4/A12/SEG13
PB4/A12/SEG13
PB4/SEG13
35
PB5/A13/SEG14
PB5/A13/SEG14
PB5/A13/SEG14
PB5/SEG14
36
PB6/A14/SEG15
PB6/A14/SEG15
PB6/A14/SEG15
PB6/SEG15
37
PB7/A15/SEG16
PB7/A15/SEG16
PB7/A15/SEG16
PB7/SEG16
38
PF2/WAIT/SEG17
PF2/WAIT/SEG17
PF2/WAIT/SEG17
PF2/SEG17
39
HWR/SEG18
HWR/SEG18
HWR/SEG18
PF4/SEG18
40
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
41
RD/SEG19
RD/SEG19
RD/SEG19
PF5/SEG19
42
AS/SEG20
AS/SEG20
AS/SEG20
PF6/SEG20
43
PA4/A20/SEG21
PA4/A20/SEG21
PA4/A20/SEG21
PA4/SEG21
44
PA5/A21/SEG22
PA5/A21/SEG22
PA5/A21/SEG22
PA5/SEG22
45
PA6/A22/SEG23
PA6/A22/SEG23
PA6/A22/SEG23
PA6/SEG23
46
PA7/A23/SEG24
PA7/A23/SEG24
PA7/A23/SEG24
PA7/SEG24
47
PA0/A16/COM1
PA0/A16/COM1
PA0/A16/COM1
PA0/COM1
48
PA1/A17/COM2
PA1/A17/COM2
PA1/A17/COM2
PA1/COM2
49
PA2/A18/COM3
PA2/A18/COM3
PA2/A18/COM3
PA2/COM3
50
PA3/A19/COM4
PA3/A19/COM4
PA3/A19/COM4
PA3/COM4
51
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
52
PH0/PWM1A
PH0/PWM1A
PH0/PWM1A
PH0/PWM1A
53
PH1/PWM1B
PH1/PWM1B
PH1/PWM1B
PH1/PWM1B
54
PH2/PWM1C
PH2/PWM1C
PH2/PWM1C
PH2/PWM1C
55
PH3/PWM1D
PH3/PWM1D
PH3/PWM1D
PH3/PWM1D
56
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
57
PH4/PWM1E
PH4/PWM1E
PH4/PWM1E
PH4/PWM1E
58
PH5/PWM1F
PH5/PWM1F
PH5/PWM1F
PH5/PWM1F
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 11 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
59
PH6/PWM1G
PH6/PWM1G
PH6/PWM1G
PH6/PWM1G
60
PH7/PWM1H
PH7/PWM1H
PH7/PWM1H
PH7/PWM1H
61
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
62
PJ0/PWM2A
PJ0/PWM2A
PJ0/PWM2A
PJ0/PWM2A
63
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ1/PWM2B
64
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ2/PWM2C
65
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ3/PWM2D
66
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
67
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ4/PWM2E
68
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ5/PWM2F
69
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ6/PWM2G
70
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ7/PWM2H
71
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
72
MD2
MD2
MD2
MD2
73
MD1
MD1
MD1
MD1
74
MD0
MD0
MD0
MD0
75
P30/TxD0
P30/TxD0
P30/TxD0
P30/TxD0
76
P31/RxD0
P31/RxD0
P31/RxD0
P31/RxD0
77
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
78
P33/TxD1
P33/TxD1
P33/TxD1
P33/TxD1
79
P34/RxD1
P34/RxD1
P34/RxD1
P34/RxD1
80
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
81
P36
P36
P36
P36
82
P37
P37
P37
P37
83
RES
RES
RES
RES
84
NMI
NMI
NMI
NMI
85
STBY
STBY
STBY
STBY
86
PLLVss
PLLVss
PLLVss
PLLVss
87
PLLCAP
PLLCAP
PLLCAP
PLLCAP
88
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
89
OSC1
OSC1
OSC1
OSC1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 12 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
90
OSC2
OSC2
OSC2
OSC2
91
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
92
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
93
VCL
VCL
VCL
VCL
94
XTAL
XTAL
XTAL
XTAL
95
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
96
EXTAL
EXTAL
EXTAL
EXTAL
97
FWE
FWE
FWE
FWE
98
PF0/IRQ2
PF0/IRQ2
PF0/IRQ2
PF0/IRQ2
99
PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3 PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3 PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3 PF3/ADTRG/IRQ3
100
PF7/φ
PF7/φ
PF7/φ
PF7/φ
101
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
102
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
103
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
104
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
105
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
106
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
107
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
108
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
109
HTxD
HTxD
HTxD
HTxD
110
HRxD
HRxD
HRxD
HRxD
111
P50
P50
P50
P50
112
P51
P51
P51
P51
113
P52
P52
P52
P52
114
P20/TIOCA3
P20/TIOCA3
P20/TIOCA3
P20/TIOCA3
115
P21/TIOCB3
P21/TIOCB3
P21/TIOCB3
P21/TIOCB3
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 13 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
116
P22/TIOCC3
P22/TIOCC3
P22/TIOCC3
P22/TIOCC3
117
P23/TIOCD3
P23/TIOCD3
P23/TIOCD3
P23/TIOCD3
118
P25/TIOCB4
P25/TIOCB4
P25/TIOCB4
P25/TIOCB4
119
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
120
P24/TIOCA4
P24/TIOCA4
P24/TIOCA4
P24/TIOCA4
121
PK6
PK6
PK6
PK6
122
P27/TIOCB5
P27/TIOCB5
P27/TIOCB5
P27/TIOCB5
123
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
124
P26/TIOCA5
P26/TIOCA5
P26/TIOCA5
P26/TIOCA5
125
PK7
PK7
PK7
PK7
126
AVcc
AVcc
AVcc
AVcc
127
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
128
P40/AN0
P40/AN0
P40/AN0
P40/AN0
129
P41/AN1
P41/AN1
P41/AN1
P41/AN1
130
P42/AN2
P42/AN2
P42/AN2
P42/AN2
131
P43/AN3
P43/AN3
P43/AN3
P43/AN3
132
P44/AN4
P44/AN4
P44/AN4
P44/AN4
133
P45/AN5
P45/AN5
P45/AN5
P45/AN5
134
P46/AN6
P46/AN6
P46/AN6
P46/AN6
135
P47/AN7
P47/AN7
P47/AN7
P47/AN7
136
P90/AN8
P90/AN8
P90/AN8
P90/AN8
137
P91/AN9
P91/AN9
P91/AN9
P91/AN9
138
P92/AN10
P92/AN10
P92/AN10
P92/AN10
139
P93/AN11
P93/AN11
P93/AN11
P93/AN11
140
P94
P94
P94
P94
141
P95
P95
P95
P95
142
P96
P96
P96
P96
143
P97
P97
P97
P97
144
AVss
AVss
AVss
AVss
Note: In mode 4 and mode 5 the following pins (D8 to D15, A0 to A7, RD, AS, HWR) are used to
interface with external ROM. Therefore, these pins must not be set to the SEG signal.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 14 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Table 1.2 (2) Pin Functions in Each Operating Mode (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
1
V1
V1
V1
V1
2
V2
V2
V2
V2
3
V3
V3
V3
V3
4
PE0/D0/SEG1
PE0/D0/SEG1
PE0/D0/SEG1
PE0/SEG1
5
PE1/D1/SEG2
PE1/D1/SEG2
PE1/D1/SEG2
PE1/SEG2
6
PE2/D2/SEG3
PE2/D2/SEG3
PE2/D2/SEG3
PE2/SEG3
7
PE3/D3/SEG4
PE3/D3/SEG4
PE3/D3/SEG4
PE3/SEG4
8
PE4/D4/SEG5
PE4/D4/SEG5
PE4/D4/SEG5
PE4/SEG5
9
PE5/D5/SEG6
PE5/D5/SEG6
PE5/D5/SEG6
PE5/SEG6
10
PE6/D6/SEG7
PE6/D6/SEG7
PE6/D6/SEG7
PE6/SEG7
11
PE7/D7/SEG8
PE7/D7/SEG8
PE7/D7/SEG8
PE7/SEG8
12
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
13
D8
D8
D8/SEG9
PD0/SEG9
14
D9
D9
D9/SEG10
PD1/SEG10
15
D10
D10
D10/SEG11
PD2/SEG11
16
D11
D11
D11/SEG12
PD3/SEG12
17
D12
D12
D12/SEG13
PD4/SEG13
18
D13
D13
D13/SEG14
PD5/SEG14
19
D14
D14
D14/SEG15
PD6/SEG15
20
D15
D15
D15/SEG16
PD7/SEG16
21
LPVcc
LPVcc
LPVcc
LPVcc
22
A0
A0
PC0/A0/SEG17
PC0/SEG17
23
A1
A1
PC1/A1/SEG18
PC1/SEG18
24
A2
A2
PC2/A2/SEG19
PC2/SEG19
25
A3
A3
PC3/A3/SEG20
PC3/SEG20
26
A4
A4
PC4/A4/SEG21
PC4/SEG21
27
A5
A5
PC5/A5/SEG22
PC5/SEG22
28
A6
A6
PC6/A6/SEG23
PC6/SEG23
29
A7
A7
PC7/A7/SEG24
PC7/SEG24
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 15 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
30
PB0/A8/SEG25
PB0/A8/SEG25
PB0/A8/SEG25
PB0/SEG25
31
PB1/A9/SEG26
PB1/A9/SEG26
PB1/A9/SEG26
PB1/SEG26
32
PB2/A10/SEG27
PB2/A10/SEG27
PB2/A10/SEG27
PB2/SEG27
33
PB3/A11/SEG28
PB3/A11/SEG28
PB3/A11/SEG28
PB3/SEG28
34
PB4/A12/SEG29
PB4/A12/SEG29
PB4/A12/SEG29
PB4/SEG29
35
PB5/A13/SEG30
PB5/A13/SEG30
PB5/A13/SEG30
PB5/SEG30
36
PB6/A14/SEG31
PB6/A14/SEG31
PB6/A14/SEG31
PB6/SEG31
37
PB7/A15/SEG32
PB7/A15/SEG32
PB7/A15/SEG32
PB7/SEG32
38
WAIT/SEG33
WAIT/SEG33
WAIT/SEG33
PF2/SEG33
39
HWR/SEG34
HWR/SEG34
HWR/SEG34
PF4/SEG34
40
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
41
RD/SEG35
RD/SEG35
RD/SEG35
PF5/SEG35
42
AS/SEG36
AS/SEG36
AS/SEG36
PF6/SEG36
43
PA4/A20/SEG37
PA4/A20/SEG37
PA4/A20/SEG37
PA4/SEG37
44
PA5/A21/SEG38
PA5/A21/SEG38
PA5/A21/SEG38
PA5/SEG38
45
PA6/A22/SEG39
PA6/A22/SEG39
PA6/A22/SEG39
PA6/SEG39
46
PA7/A23/SEG40
PA7/A23/SEG40
PA7/A23/SEG40
PA7/SEG40
47
PA0/A16/COM1
PA0/A16/COM1
PA0/A16/COM1
PA0/COM1
48
PA1/A17/COM2
PA1/A17/COM2
PA1/A17/COM2
PA1/COM2
49
PA2/A18/COM3
PA2/A18/COM3
PA2/A18/COM3
PA2/COM3
50
PA3/A19/COM4
PA3/A19/COM4
PA3/A19/COM4
PA3/COM4
51
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
52
PH0/PWM1A
PH0/PWM1A
PH0/PWM1A
PH0/PWM1A
53
PH1/PWM1B
PH1/PWM1B
PH1/PWM1B
PH1/PWM1B
54
PH2/PWM1C
PH2/PWM1C
PH2/PWM1C
PH2/PWM1C
55
PH3/PWM1D
PH3/PWM1D
PH3/PWM1D
PH3/PWM1D
56
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
57
PH4/PWM1E
PH4/PWM1E
PH4/PWM1E
PH4/PWM1E
58
PH5/PWM1F
PH5/PWM1F
PH5/PWM1F
PH5/PWM1F
59
PH6/PWM1G
PH6/PWM1G
PH6/PWM1G
PH6/PWM1G
60
PH7/PWM1H
PH7/PWM1H
PH7/PWM1H
PH7/PWM1H
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 16 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
61
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
62
PJ0/PWM2A
PJ0/PWM2A
PJ0/PWM2A
PJ0/PWM2A
63
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ1/PWM2B
64
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ2/PWM2C
65
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ3/PWM2D
66
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
PWMVcc
67
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ4/PWM2E
68
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ5/PWM2F
69
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ6/PWM2G
70
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ7/PWM2H
71
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
PWMVss
72
MD2
MD2
MD2
MD2
73
MD1
MD1
MD1
MD1
74
MD0
MD0
MD0
MD0
75
P30/TxD0
P30/TxD0
P30/TxD0
P30/TxD0
76
P31/RxD0
P31/RxD0
P31/RxD0
P31/RxD0
77
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
78
P33/TxD1
P33/TxD1
P33/TxD1
P33/TxD1
79
P34/RxD1
P34/RxD1
P34/RxD1
P34/RxD1
80
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
81
P36
P36
P36
P36
82
P37
P37
P37
P37
83
RES
RES
RES
RES
84
NMI
NMI
NMI
NMI
85
STBY
STBY
STBY
STBY
86
PLLVss
PLLVss
PLLVss
PLLVss
87
PLLCAP
PLLCAP
PLLCAP
PLLCAP
88
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
89
OSC1
OSC1
OSC1
OSC1
90
OSC2
OSC2
OSC2
OSC2
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 17 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
91
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
92
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
93
VCL
VCL
VCL
VCL
94
XTAL
XTAL
XTAL
XTAL
95
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
96
EXTAL
EXTAL
EXTAL
EXTAL
97
FWE
FWE
FWE
FWE
98
PF0/IRQ2
PF0/IRQ2
PF0/IRQ2
PF0/IRQ2
99
PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3 PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3 PF3/LWR/ADTRG/IRQ3 PF3/ADTRG/IRQ3
100
PF7/φ
PF7/φ
PF7/φ
PF7/φ
101
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
102
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
103
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
104
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
105
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
106
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
107
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
108
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
109
HTxD
HTxD
HTxD
HTxD
110
HRxD
HRxD
HRxD
HRxD
111
P50/TxD2
P50/TxD2
P50/TxD2
P50/TxD2
112
P51/RxD2
P51/RxD2
P51/RxD2
P51/RxD2
113
P52/SCK2
P52/SCK2
P52/SCK2
P52/SCK2
114
P20/TIOCA3
P20/TIOCA3
P20/TIOCA3
P20/TIOCA3
115
P21/TIOCB3
P21/TIOCB3
P21/TIOCB3
P21/TIOCB3
116
P22/TIOCC3
P22/TIOCC3
P22/TIOCC3
P22/TIOCC3
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Section 1 Overview
Pin Name
Pin No.
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
117
P23/TIOCD3
P23/TIOCD3
P23/TIOCD3
P23/TIOCD3
118
P25/TIOCB4
P25/TIOCB4
P25/TIOCB4
P25/TIOCB4
119
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
120
P24/TIOCA4
P24/TIOCA4
P24/TIOCA4
P24/TIOCA4
121
PK6
PK6
PK6
PK6
122
P27/TIOCB5
P27/TIOCB5
P27/TIOCB5
P27/TIOCB5
123
Vss
Vss
Vss
Vss
124
P26/TIOCA5
P26/TIOCA5
P26/TIOCA5
P26/TIOCA5
125
PK7
PK7
PK7
PK7
126
AVcc
AVcc
AVcc
AVcc
127
Vref
Vref
Vref
Vref
128
P40/AN0
P40/AN0
P40/AN0
P40/AN0
129
P41/AN1
P41/AN1
P41/AN1
P41/AN1
130
P42/AN2
P42/AN2
P42/AN2
P42/AN2
131
P43/AN3
P43/AN3
P43/AN3
P43/AN3
132
P44/AN4
P44/AN4
P44/AN4
P44/AN4
133
P45/AN5
P45/AN5
P45/AN5
P45/AN5
134
P46/AN6
P46/AN6
P46/AN6
P46/AN6
135
P47/AN7
P47/AN7
P47/AN7
P47/AN7
136
P90/AN8
P90/AN8
P90/AN8
P90/AN8
137
P91/AN9
P91/AN9
P91/AN9
P91/AN9
138
P92/AN10
P92/AN10
P92/AN10
P92/AN10
139
P93/AN11
P93/AN11
P93/AN11
P93/AN11
140
P94
P94
P94
P94
141
P95
P95
P95
P95
142
P96
P96
P96
P96
143
P97
P97
P97
P97
144
AVss
AVss
AVss
AVss
Note: In mode 4 and mode 5 the following pins (D8 to D15, A0 to A7, RD, AS, HWR) are used to
interface with external ROM. Therefore, these pins must not be set to the SEG signal.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 19 of 1136
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Section 1 Overview
1.3.3
Pin Functions
Table 1.3 outlines the pin functions of the H8S/2646.
Table 1.3
Pin Functions
Type
Symbol
I/O
Name and Function
Power
Vcc
Input
Power supply: For connection to the power supply.
All Vcc pins should be connected to the system power
supply.
PWMVcc
Input
PWM port power supply: Power supply pin for port H,
port J, and the motor control PWM timer output
LPVcc
Input
Port power supply: Power supply pin for ports A, B, C,
D, E, and part of port F (PF2 and PF4 to PF6)
V1, V2, V3
Input
LCD power supply: Power supply pin for LCD
controller/driver. There is an on-chip power supply
division resistor, so this pin is normally left open.
Power supply conditions: LPVcc ≥ V1 ≥ V2 ≥ V3 ≥ Vss
Vss
Input
Ground: For connection to ground (0 V). All Vss pins
should be connected to the system power supply (0 V).
PWMVss
Input
Ground: Power supply pin for port H, port J, and the
motor control PWM timer output. Connect all pins to
the system power supply (0 V)
VCL
Input
On-chip step-down power supply pin: Pin for
connecting the on-chip step-down power supply to a
capacitor for voltage stabilization. Connect to Vss via a
0.1 µF capacitor (which should be located near the
pin). Do not connect this pin to an external power
supply.
PLLVss
Input
PLL ground: Ground for on-chip PLL oscillator.
PLLCAP
Input
PLL capacitance: External capacitance pin for on-chip
PLL oscillator.
XTAL
Input
Connects to a crystal oscillator.
See section 21, Clock Pulse Generator, for typical
connection diagrams for a crystal oscillator.
Clock
Use a crystal resonator for the system clock pulse
generator. External clock drive cannot be used.
EXTAL
Input
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Connects to a crystal oscillator.
See section 21, Clock Pulse Generator, for typical
connection diagrams for a crystal oscillator.
Section 1 Overview
Type
Symbol
I/O
Name and Function
Clock
OSC1
Input
Subclock: Connects to a 32 kHz crystal oscillator.
See section 21, Clock Pulse Generator, for typical
connection diagrams for a crystal oscillator.
OSC2
Input
Subclock: Connects to a 32 kHz crystal oscillator.
See section 21, Clock Pulse Generator, for typical
connection diagrams for a crystal oscillator.
φ
Output
System clock: Supplies the system clock to an external
device.
MD2 to MD0
Input
Mode pins: These pins set the operating mode.
The relation between the settings of pins MD2 to MD0
and the operating mode is shown below. These pins
should not be changed while the H8S/2646 Group is
operating.
Operating mode
control
MD2
MD1
MD0
Operating Mode
0
0
0
—
1
—
0
—
1
—
0
Mode 4
1
Mode 5
0
Mode 6
1
Mode 7
1
1
0
1
System control
Interrupts
Address bus
RES
Input
Reset input: When this pin is driven low, the chip is
reset.
STBY
Input
Standby: When this pin is driven low, a transition is
made to hardware standby mode.
FWE
Input
Flash write enable: Pin for flash memory use (in
planning stage).
NMI
Input
Nonmaskable interrupt: Requests a nonmaskable
interrupt. When this pin is not used, it should be fixed
high.
IRQ5 to IRQ0 Input
Interrupt request 5 to 0: These pins request a
maskable interrupt.
A23 to A0
Address bus: These pins output an address.
Output
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Section 1 Overview
Type
Symbol
I/O
Name and Function
Data bus
D15 to D0
I/O
Data bus: These pins constitute a bidirectional data
bus.
Bus control
AS
Output
Address strobe: When this pin is low, it indicates that
address output on the address bus is enabled.
RD
Output
Read: When this pin is low, it indicates that the
external address space can be read.
HWR
Output
High write: A strobe signal that writes to external space
and indicates that the upper half (D15 to D8) of the
data bus is enabled.
LWR
Output
Low write: A strobe signal that writes to external space
and indicates that the lower half (D7 to D0) of the data
bus is enabled.
WAIT
Input
Wait: It is necessary to insert a wait state into the bus
cycle when accessing the external three-state address
space.
TCLKD to
TCLKA
Input
Clock input D to A: These pins input an external clock.
TIOCA0,
TIOCB0,
TIOCC0,
TIOCD0
I/O
Input capture/ output compare match A0 to D0:
The TGR0A to TGR0D input capture input or output
compare output, or PWM output pins.
TIOCA1,
TIOCB1
I/O
Input capture/ output compare match A1 and B1:
The TGR1A and TGR1B input capture input or output
compare output, or PWM output pins.
TIOCA2,
TIOCB2
I/O
Input capture/ output compare match A2 and B2:
The TGR2A and TGR2B input capture input or output
compare output, or PWM output pins.
TIOCA3,
TIOCB3,
TIOCC3,
TIOCD3
I/O
Input capture/ output compare match A3 to D3:
The TGR3A to TGR3D input capture input or output
compare output, or PWM output pins.
TIOCA4,
TIOCB4
I/O
Input capture/output compare match A4 and B4:
The TGR4A and TGR4B input capture input or output
compare output, or PWM output pins.
TIOCA5,
TIOCB5
I/O
Input capture/output compare match A5 and B5:
The TGR5A and TGR5B input capture input or output
compare output, or PWM output pins.
16-bit timer
pulse unit (TPU)
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Section 1 Overview
Type
Symbol
I/O
Name and Function
Programmable
pulse generator
(PPG)
PO15 to PO8 Output
Pulse output 15 to 8: Pulse output pins.
Serial
communication
interface (SCI)/
Smart Card
interface
TxD1, TxD0
Output
Transmit data: Data output pins.
RxD1, RxD0
Input
Receive data: Data input pins.
SCK1, SCK0 I/O
Serial clock: Clock I/O pins. The SCK0 output type is
NMOS push-pull.
TxD2 to
TxD0
Output
Transmit data: Data output pins.
RxD2 to
RxD0
Input
Receive data: Data input pins.
SCK2 to
SCK0
I/O
Serial clock: Clock I/O pins. The SCK0 output type is
NMOS push-pull.
HTxD
Output
HCAN transmit data: Pin for CAN bus transmission.
HRxD
Input
HCAN receive data: Pin for CAN bus reception.
H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645
Serial
communication
interface (SCI)/
Smart Card
interface
H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647
HCAN
A/D converter
Motor control
PWM
AN11 to AN0 Input
Analog 11 to 0: Analog input pins.
ADTRG
Input
A/D conversion external trigger input: Pin for input of
an external trigger to start A/D conversion.
AVcc
Input
Analog power supply: A/D converter power supply pin.
If the A/D converter is not used, connect this pin to the
system power supply (+5 V).
AVss
Input
Analog ground: Analog circuit ground and reference
voltage. Connect this pin to the system power supply
(0 V).
Vref
Input
Analog reference power supply: A/D converter
reference voltage input pin. If the A/D converter is not
used, connect this pin to the system power supply
(+5 V).
PWM1H to
PWM1A
Output
PWM output: Motor control PWM channel 1 output
pins.
PWM2H to
PWM2A
Output
PWM output: Motor control PWM channel 2 output
pins.
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Section 1 Overview
Type
Symbol
I/O
Name and Function
LCD controller/
driver
SEG24 to
SEG1
(H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645)
Output
LCD segment output: LCD segment output pins.
COM4 to
COM1
Output
LCD common output: LCD common output pins
P17 to P10
I/O
Port 1: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be designated
for each bit by means of the port 1 data direction
register (P1DDR).
P27 to P20
I/O
Port 2: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be designated
for each bit by means of the port 2 data direction
register (P2DDR).
P37 to P30
I/O
Port 3: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be designated
for each bit by means of the port 3 data direction
register (P3DDR).
P47 to P40
Input
Port 4: 8-bit input pins.
P52 to P50
I/O
Port 5: 3-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be designated
for each bit by means of the port 5 data direction
register (P5DDR).
P97 to P90
Input
Port 9: 8-bit input pins.
PA7 to PA0
I/O
Port A: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port A data
direction register (PADDR).
PB7 to PB0
I/O
Port B: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port B data
direction register (PBDDR).
PC7 to PC0
I/O
Port C: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port C data
direction register (PCDDR).
PD7 to PD0
I/O
Port D: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port D data
direction register (PDDDR).
PE7 to PE0
I/O
Port E: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port E data
direction register (PEDDR).
SEG40 to
SEG1
(H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647)
I/O ports
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 24 of 1136
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Section 1 Overview
Type
Symbol
I/O
Name and Function
I/O ports
PF7 to PF2,
PF0
I/O
Port F: 7-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port F data
direction register (PFDDR).
PH7 to PH0
I/O
Port H: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port H data
direction register (PHDDR).
PJ7 to PJ0
I/O
Port J: 8-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be designated
for each bit by means of the port J data direction
register (PJDDR).
PK6 to PK7
I/O
Port K: 2-bit I/O pins. Input or output can be
designated for each bit by means of the port K data
direction register (PKDDR).
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 25 of 1136
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Section 1 Overview
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 26 of 1136
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Section 2 CPU
Section 2 CPU
2.1
Overview
The H8S/2600 CPU is a high-speed central processing unit with an internal 32-bit architecture that
is upward-compatible with the H8/300 and H8/300H CPUs. The H8S/2600 CPU has sixteen 16-bit
general registers, can address a 16-Mbyte (architecturally 4-Gbyte) linear address space, and is
ideal for realtime control.
2.1.1
Features
The H8S/2600 CPU has the following features.
• Upward-compatible with H8/300 and H8/300H CPUs
 Can execute H8/300 and H8/300H object programs
• General-register architecture
 Sixteen 16-bit general registers (also usable as sixteen 8-bit registers or eight 32-bit
registers)
• Sixty-nine basic instructions
 8/16/32-bit arithmetic and logic instructions
 Multiply and divide instructions
 Powerful bit-manipulation instructions
 Multiply-and-accumulate instruction
• Eight addressing modes
 Register direct [Rn]
 Register indirect [@ERn]
 Register indirect with displacement [@(d:16,ERn) or @(d:32,ERn)]
 Register indirect with post-increment or pre-decrement [@ERn+ or @–ERn]
 Absolute address [@aa:8, @aa:16, @aa:24, or @aa:32]
 Immediate [#xx:8, #xx:16, or #xx:32]
 Program-counter relative [@(d:8,PC) or @(d:16,PC)]
 Memory indirect [@@aa:8]
• 16-Mbyte address space
 Program: 16 Mbytes
 Data:
16 Mbytes (4 Gbyte architecturally)
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Section 2 CPU
• High-speed operation
 All frequently-used instructions execute in one or two states
 Maximum clock rate:
20 MHz
 8/16/32-bit register-register add/subtract: 50 ns
 8 × 8-bit register-register multiply:
150 ns
 16 ÷ 8-bit register-register divide:
600 ns
 16 × 16-bit register-register multiply:
200 ns
 32 ÷ 16-bit register-register divide:
1000 ns
• Two CPU operating modes
 Normal mode*
 Advanced mode
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
• Power-down state
 Transition to power-down state by SLEEP instruction
 CPU clock speed selection
2.1.2
Differences between H8S/2600 CPU and H8S/2000 CPU
The differences between the H8S/2600 CPU and the H8S/2000 CPU are as shown below.
• Register configuration
The MAC register is supported only by the H8S/2600 CPU.
• Basic instructions
The four instructions MAC, CLRMAC, LDMAC, and STMAC are supported only by the
H8S/2600 CPU.
• Number of execution states
The number of execution states of the MULXU and MULXS instructions is different in each
CPU.
Execution States
Instruction
MULXU
MULXS
Mnemonic
H8S/2600
H8S/2000
MULXU.B Rs, Rd
3
12
MULXU.W Rs, ERd
4
20
MULXS.B Rs, Rd
4
13
MULXS.W Rs, ERd
5
21
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Section 2 CPU
In addition, there are differences in address space, CCR and EXR register functions, power-down
modes, etc., depending on the model.
2.1.3
Differences from H8/300 CPU
In comparison to the H8/300 CPU, the H8S/2600 CPU has the following enhancements.
• More general registers and control registers
 Eight 16-bit expanded registers, and one 8-bit and two 32-bit control registers, have been
added.
• Expanded address space
 Normal mode* supports the same 64-kbyte address space as the H8/300 CPU.
 Advanced mode supports a maximum 16-Mbyte address space.
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
• Enhanced addressing
 The addressing modes have been enhanced to make effective use of the 16-Mbyte address
space.
• Enhanced instructions
 Addressing modes of bit-manipulation instructions have been enhanced.
 Signed multiply and divide instructions have been added.
 A multiply-and-accumulate instruction has been added.
 Two-bit shift instructions have been added.
 Instructions for saving and restoring multiple registers have been added.
 A test and set instruction has been added.
• Higher speed
 Basic instructions execute twice as fast.
2.1.4
Differences from H8/300H CPU
In comparison to the H8/300H CPU, the H8S/2600 CPU has the following enhancements.
• Additional control register
 One 8-bit and two 32-bit control registers have been added.
• Enhanced instructions
 Addressing modes of bit-manipulation instructions have been enhanced.
 A multiply-and-accumulate instruction has been added.
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Section 2 CPU
 Two-bit shift instructions have been added.
 Instructions for saving and restoring multiple registers have been added.
 A test and set instruction has been added.
• Higher speed
 Basic instructions execute twice as fast.
2.2
CPU Operating Modes
The H8S/2600 CPU has two operating modes: normal and advanced. Normal mode* supports a
maximum 64-kbyte address space. Advanced mode supports a maximum 16-Mbyte total address
space (architecturally a maximum 16-Mbyte program area and a maximum of 4 Gbytes for
program and data areas combined). The mode is selected by the mode pins of the microcontroller.
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
Normal mode*
Maximum 64 kbytes, program
and data areas combined
CPU operating modes
Advanced mode
Maximum 16 Mbytes for
program and data areas
combined
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
Figure 2.1 CPU Operating Modes
(1) Normal Mode (Not Available in the H8S/2646 Group)
The exception vector table and stack have the same structure as in the H8/300 CPU.
Address Space: A maximum address space of 64 kbytes can be accessed.
Extended Registers (En): The extended registers (E0 to E7) can be used as 16-bit registers, or as
the upper 16-bit segments of 32-bit registers. When En is used as a 16-bit register it can contain
any value, even when the corresponding general register (Rn) is used as an address register. If the
general register is referenced in the register indirect addressing mode with pre-decrement (@–Rn)
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Section 2 CPU
or post-increment (@Rn+) and a carry or borrow occurs, however, the value in the corresponding
extended register (En) will be affected.
Instruction Set: All instructions and addressing modes can be used. Only the lower 16 bits of
effective addresses (EA) are valid.
Exception Vector Table and Memory Indirect Branch Addresses: In normal mode the top area
starting at H'0000 is allocated to the exception vector table. One branch address is stored per 16
bits (figure 2.2). The exception vector table differs depending on the microcontroller. For details
of the exception vector table, see section 4, Exception Handling.
H'0000
H'0001
H'0002
H'0003
H'0004
H'0005
H'0006
H'0007
H'0008
H'0009
H'000A
H'000B
Reset exception vector
(Reserved for system use)
Exception
vector table
Exception vector 1
Exception vector 2
Figure 2.2 Exception Vector Table (Normal Mode)
The memory indirect addressing mode (@@aa:8) employed in the JMP and JSR instructions uses
an 8-bit absolute address included in the instruction code to specify a memory operand that
contains a branch address. In normal mode the operand is a 16-bit word operand, providing a 16bit branch address. Branch addresses can be stored in the top area from H'0000 to H'00FF. Note
that this area is also used for the exception vector table.
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Section 2 CPU
Stack Structure: When the program counter (PC) is pushed onto the stack in a subroutine call,
and the PC, condition-code register (CCR), and extended control register (EXR) are pushed onto
the stack in exception handling, they are stored as shown in figure 2.3. When EXR is invalid, it is
not pushed onto the stack. For details, see section 4, Exception Handling.
SP
PC
(16 bits)
EXR*1
Reserved*1*3
CCR
CCR*3
SP
*2
(SP
)
PC
(16 bits)
(a) Subroutine Branch
(b) Exception Handling
Notes: 1. When EXR is not used it is not stored on the stack.
2. SP when EXR is not used.
3. Ignored when returning.
Figure 2.3 Stack Structure in Normal Mode
(2) Advanced Mode
Address Space: Linear access is provided to a 16-Mbyte maximum address space (architecturally
a maximum 16-Mbyte program area and a maximum 4-Gbyte data area, with a maximum of 4
Gbytes for program and data areas combined).
Extended Registers (En): The extended registers (E0 to E7) can be used as 16-bit registers, or as
the upper 16-bit segments of 32-bit registers or address registers.
Instruction Set: All instructions and addressing modes can be used.
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Section 2 CPU
Exception Vector Table and Memory Indirect Branch Addresses: In advanced mode the top
area starting at H'00000000 is allocated to the exception vector table in units of 32 bits. In each 32
bits, the upper 8 bits are ignored and a branch address is stored in the lower 24 bits (figure 2.4).
For details of the exception vector table, see section 4, Exception Handling.
H'00000000
Reserved
Reset exception vector
H'00000003
H'00000004
Reserved
H'00000007
H'00000008
Exception vector table
H'0000000B
(Reserved for system use)
H'0000000C
H'00000010
Reserved
Exception vector 1
Figure 2.4 Exception Vector Table (Advanced Mode)
The memory indirect addressing mode (@@aa:8) employed in the JMP and JSR instructions uses
an 8-bit absolute address included in the instruction code to specify a memory operand that
contains a branch address. In advanced mode the operand is a 32-bit longword operand, providing
a 32-bit branch address. The upper 8 bits of these 32 bits are a reserved area that is regarded as
H'00. Branch addresses can be stored in the area from H'00000000 to H'000000FF. Note that the
first part of this range is also the exception vector table.
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Section 2 CPU
Stack Structure: In advanced mode, when the program counter (PC) is pushed onto the stack in a
subroutine call, and the PC, condition-code register (CCR), and extended control register (EXR)
are pushed onto the stack in exception handling, they are stored as shown in figure 2.5. When
EXR is invalid, it is not pushed onto the stack. For details, see section 4, Exception Handling.
EXR*1
Reserved*1*3
CCR
SP
SP
Reserved
PC
(24 bits)
(a) Subroutine Branch
(SP
*2
)
PC
(24 bits)
(b) Exception Handling
Notes: 1. When EXR is not used it is not stored on the stack.
2. SP when EXR is not used.
3. Ignored when returning.
Figure 2.5 Stack Structure in Advanced Mode
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Section 2 CPU
2.3
Address Space
Figure 2.6 shows a memory map of the H8S/2600 CPU. The H8S/2600 CPU provides linear
access to a maximum 64-kbyte address space in normal mode, and a maximum 16-Mbyte
(architecturally 4-Gbyte) address space in advanced mode.
H'0000
H'00000000
H'FFFF
Program area
H'00FFFFFF
Data area
Cannot be
used by the
H8S/2646 Group
H'FFFFFFFF
(a) Normal Mode*
(b) Advanced Mode
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Series.
Figure 2.6 Memory Map
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Section 2 CPU
2.4
Register Configuration
2.4.1
Overview
The CPU has the internal registers shown in figure 2.7. There are two types of registers: general
registers and control registers.
General Registers (Rn) and Extended Registers (En)
15
07
07
0
ER0
E0
R0H
R0L
ER1
E1
R1H
R1L
ER2
E2
R2H
R2L
ER3
E3
R3H
R3L
ER4
E4
R4H
R4L
ER5
E5
R5H
R5L
ER6
E6
R6H
R6L
ER7 (SP)
E7
R7H
R7L
Control Registers (CR)
23
0
PC
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EXR T — — — — I2 I1 I0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CCR I UI H U N Z V C
41
63
Sign extension
MAC
32
MACH
MACL
31
Legend:
SP:
PC:
EXR:
T:
I2 to I0:
CCR:
I:
UI:
0
Stack pointer
Program counter
Extended control register
Trace bit
Interrupt mask bits
Condition-code register
Interrupt mask bit
User bit or interrupt mask bit*
H:
U:
N:
Z:
V:
C:
MAC:
Half-carry flag
User bit
Negative flag
Zero flag
Overflow flag
Carry flag
Multiply-accumulate register
Note: * Cannot be used as an interrupt mask bit in the H8S/2646 Group.
Figure 2.7 CPU Registers
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Section 2 CPU
2.4.2
General Registers
The CPU has eight 32-bit general registers. These general registers are all functionally alike and
can be used as both address registers and data registers. When a general register is used as a data
register, it can be accessed as a 32-bit, 16-bit, or 8-bit register. When the general registers are used
as 32-bit registers or address registers, they are designated by the letters ER (ER0 to ER7).
The ER registers divide into 16-bit general registers designated by the letters E (E0 to E7) and R
(R0 to R7). These registers are functionally equivalent, providing a maximum sixteen 16-bit
registers. The E registers (E0 to E7) are also referred to as extended registers.
The R registers divide into 8-bit general registers designated by the letters RH (R0H to R7H) and
RL (R0L to R7L). These registers are functionally equivalent, providing a maximum sixteen 8-bit
registers.
Figure 2.8 illustrates the usage of the general registers. The usage of each register can be selected
independently.
• Address registers
• 32-bit registers
• 16-bit registers
• 8-bit registers
E registers (extended registers)
(E0 to E7)
RH registers
(R0H to R7H)
ER registers
(ER0 to ER7)
R registers
(R0 to R7)
RL registers
(R0L to R7L)
Figure 2.8 Usage of General Registers
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Section 2 CPU
General register ER7 has the function of stack pointer (SP) in addition to its general-register
function, and is used implicitly in exception handling and subroutine calls. Figure 2.9 shows the
stack.
Free area
SP (ER7)
Stack area
Figure 2.9 Stack
2.4.3
Control Registers
The control registers are the 24-bit program counter (PC), 8-bit extended control register (EXR),
8-bit condition-code register (CCR), and 64-bit multiply-accumulate register (MAC).
(1) Program Counter (PC)
This 24-bit counter indicates the address of the next instruction the CPU will execute. The length
of all CPU instructions is 2 bytes (one word), so the least significant PC bit is ignored. (When an
instruction is fetched, the least significant PC bit is regarded as 0.)
(2) Extended Control Register (EXR)
This 8-bit register contains the trace bit (T) and three interrupt mask bits (I2 to I0).
Bit 7—Trace Bit (T): Selects trace mode. When this bit is cleared to 0, instructions are executed
in sequence. When this bit is set to 1, a trace exception is generated each time an instruction is
executed.
Bits 6 to 3—Reserved: These bits are reserved. They are always read as 1.
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Section 2 CPU
Bits 2 to 0—Interrupt Mask Bits (I2 to I0): These bits designate the interrupt mask level (0 to
7). For details, refer to section 5, Interrupt Controller.
Operations can be performed on the EXR bits by the LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, and XORC
instructions. All interrupts, including NMI, are disabled for three states after one of these
instructions is executed, except for STC.
(3) Condition-Code Register (CCR)
This 8-bit register contains internal CPU status information, including an interrupt mask bit (I) and
half-carry (H), negative (N), zero (Z), overflow (V), and carry (C) flags.
Bit 7—Interrupt Mask Bit (I): Masks interrupts other than NMI when set to 1. (NMI is accepted
regardless of the I bit setting.) The I bit is set to 1 by hardware at the start of an exceptionhandling sequence. For details, refer to section 5, Interrupt Controller.
Bit 6—User Bit or Interrupt Mask Bit (UI): Can be written and read by software using the
LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, and XORC instructions. This bit can also be used as an interrupt mask
bit. For details, refer to section 5, Interrupt Controller.
Bit 5—Half-Carry Flag (H): When the ADD.B, ADDX.B, SUB.B, SUBX.B, CMP.B, or NEG.B
instruction is executed, this flag is set to 1 if there is a carry or borrow at bit 3, and cleared to 0
otherwise. When the ADD.W, SUB.W, CMP.W, or NEG.W instruction is executed, the H flag is
set to 1 if there is a carry or borrow at bit 11, and cleared to 0 otherwise. When the ADD.L,
SUB.L, CMP.L, or NEG.L instruction is executed, the H flag is set to 1 if there is a carry or
borrow at bit 27, and cleared to 0 otherwise.
Bit 4—User Bit (U): Can be written and read by software using the LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, and
XORC instructions.
Bit 3—Negative Flag (N): Stores the value of the most significant bit (sign bit) of data.
Bit 2—Zero Flag (Z): Set to 1 to indicate zero data, and cleared to 0 to indicate non-zero data.
Bit 1—Overflow Flag (V): Set to 1 when an arithmetic overflow occurs, and cleared to 0 at other
times.
Bit 0—Carry Flag (C): Set to 1 when a carry occurs, and cleared to 0 otherwise. Used by:
• Add instructions, to indicate a carry
• Subtract instructions, to indicate a borrow
• Shift and rotate instructions, to store the value shifted out of the end bit
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Section 2 CPU
The carry flag is also used as a bit accumulator by bit manipulation instructions.
Some instructions leave some or all of the flag bits unchanged. For the action of each instruction
on the flag bits, refer to appendix A.1, Instruction List.
Operations can be performed on the CCR bits by the LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, and XORC
instructions. The N, Z, V, and C flags are used as branching conditions for conditional branch
(Bcc) instructions.
(4) Multiply-Accumulate Register (MAC)
This 64-bit register stores the results of multiply-and-accumulate operations. It consists of two 32bit registers denoted MACH and MACL. The lower 10 bits of MACH are valid; the upper bits are
a sign extension.
2.4.4
Initial Register Values
Reset exception handling loads the CPU's program counter (PC) from the vector table, clears the
trace bit in EXR to 0, and sets the interrupt mask bits in CCR and EXR to 1. The other CCR bits
and the general registers are not initialized. In particular, the stack pointer (ER7) is not initialized.
The stack pointer should therefore be initialized by an MOV.L instruction executed immediately
after a reset.
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Section 2 CPU
2.5
Data Formats
The CPU can process 1-bit, 4-bit (BCD), 8-bit (byte), 16-bit (word), and 32-bit (longword) data.
Bit-manipulation instructions operate on 1-bit data by accessing bit n (n = 0, 1, 2, …, 7) of byte
operand data. The DAA and DAS decimal-adjust instructions treat byte data as two digits of 4-bit
BCD data.
2.5.1
General Register Data Formats
Figure 2.10 shows the data formats in general registers.
Data Type
Register Number
Data Format
1-bit data
RnH
7
0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Don’t care
Don’t care
7
0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1-bit data
4-bit BCD data
RnL
RnH
4 3
7
Upper
4-bit BCD data
0
Lower
Don’t care
RnL
Byte data
RnH
4 3
7
Upper
Don’t care
7
0
Lower
0
Don’t care
MSB
Byte data
LSB
RnL
7
0
Don’t care
MSB
LSB
Figure 2.10 General Register Data Formats
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Section 2 CPU
Data Type
Register Number
Word data
Rn
Word data
En
Data Format
15
0
MSB
15
0
MSB
Longword data
LSB
ERn
31
MSB
LSB
16 15
En
0
Rn
Legend:
ERn: General register ER
En:
General register E
Rn:
General register R
RnH: General register RH
RnL: General register RL
MSB: Most significant bit
LSB: Least significant bit
Figure 2.10 General Register Data Formats (cont)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 42 of 1136
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LSB
Section 2 CPU
2.5.2
Memory Data Formats
Figure 2.11 shows the data formats in memory. The CPU can access word data and longword data
in memory, but word or longword data must begin at an even address. If an attempt is made to
access word or longword data at an odd address, no address error occurs but the least significant
bit of the address is regarded as 0, so the access starts at the preceding address. This also applies to
instruction fetches.
Data Type
Data Format
Address
7
1-bit data
Address L
Byte data
Address L MSB
Word data
7
0
6
5
4
2
1
0
LSB
Address 2M MSB
Address 2M + 1
Longword data
3
LSB
Address 2N MSB
Address 2N + 1
Address 2N + 2
Address 2N + 3
LSB
Figure 2.11 Memory Data Formats
When ER7 is used as an address register to access the stack, the operand size should be word size
or longword size.
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Section 2 CPU
2.6
Instruction Set
2.6.1
Overview
The H8S/2600 CPU has 69 types of instructions. The instructions are classified by function in
table 2.1.
Table 2.1
Instruction Classification
Function
Instructions
Size
Types
Data transfer
MOV
POP*1, PUSH*1
BWL
5
WL
LDM, STM
MOVFPE*3, MOVTPE*3
B
ADD, SUB, CMP, NEG
BWL
ADDX, SUBX, DAA, DAS
B
INC, DEC
BWL
ADDS, SUBS
L
MULXU, DIVXU, MULXS, DIVXS
BW
EXTU, EXTS
TAS*4
B
MAC, LDMAC, STMAC, CLRMAC
—
Logic operations
AND, OR, XOR, NOT
BWL
4
Shift
SHAL, SHAR, SHLL, SHLR, ROTL, ROTR, ROTXL, ROTXR BWL
8
Bit manipulation
B
14
Branch
BSET, BCLR, BNOT, BTST, BLD, BILD, BST, BIST, BAND,
BIAND, BOR, BIOR, BXOR, BIXOR
Bcc*2, JMP, BSR, JSR, RTS
—
5
System control
TRAPA, RTE, SLEEP, LDC, STC, ANDC, ORC, XORC, NOP —
9
Arithmetic
operations
Block data transfer EEPMOV
L
23
WL
—
1
Total: 69
Legend: B: Byte size
W: Word size
L: Longword size
Notes: 1. POP.W Rn and PUSH.W Rn are identical to MOV.W @SP+, Rn and MOV.W Rn,
@-SP. POP.L ERn and PUSH.L ERn are identical to MOV.L @SP+, ERn and MOV.L
ERn, @-SP.
2. Bcc is the general name for conditional branch instructions.
3. Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
4. Only register ER0, ER1, ER4, or ER5 should be used when using the TAS instruction.
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Section 2 CPU
2.6.2
Instructions and Addressing Modes
Table 2.2 indicates the combinations of instructions and addressing modes that the H8S/2600 CPU
can use.
Table 2.2
Combinations of Instructions and Addressing Modes
@(d:32, ERn)
@–ERn/@ERn+
@aa:8
@aa:16
@aa:24
@aa:32
BWL
BWL
BWL
BWL
B
BWL
—
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
WL
LDM, STM
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
L
MOVFPE*1, MOVTPE*1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
B
—
—
—
—
—
—
Arithmetic
operations
BWL
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
WL
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ADDX, SUBX
B
B
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ADDS, SUBS
—
L
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
INC, DEC
—
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
DAA, DAS
—
B
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
MULXU, DIVXU
—
BW
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
MULXS, DIVXS
—
BW
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
NEG
—
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
EXTU, EXTS
TAS*2
—
WL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
B
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
MAC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
CLRMAC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ADD, CMP
SUB
LDMAC, STMAC
Logic
operations
AND, OR, XOR
—
L
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
BWL
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Shift
—
BWL
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit manipulation
—
B
B
—
—
—
B
B
—
B
—
—
—
—
Branch
Bcc, BSR
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
JMP, JSR
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
RTS
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
TRAPA
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
RTE
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
SLEEP
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
LDC
B
B
W
W
W
W
—
W
—
W
—
—
—
—
STC
—
B
W
W
W
W
—
W
—
W
—
—
—
—
ANDC, ORC, XORC
B
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
NOP
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
System
control
NOT
—
—
@(d:16, ERn)
BWL
—
MOV
@@aa:8
@ERn
Data
transfer
Instruction
@(d:16, PC)
Rn
BWL
POP, PUSH
Function
@(d:8, PC)
#xx
Addressing Modes
Block data transfer
—
BW
Legend: B: Byte
W: Word
L: Longword
Notes: 1. Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
2. Only register ER0, ER1, ER4, or ER5 should be used when using the TAS instruction.
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Section 2 CPU
2.6.3
Table of Instructions Classified by Function
Table 2.3 summarizes the instructions in each functional category. The notation used in table 2.3
is defined below.
Operation Notation
Rs
General register (destination)*
General register (source)*
Rn
General register*
Rd
ERn
General register (32-bit register)
MAC
Multiply-accumulate register (32-bit register)
(EAd)
Destination operand
(EAs)
Source operand
EXR
Extended control register
CCR
Condition-code register
N
N (negative) flag in CCR
Z
Z (zero) flag in CCR
V
V (overflow) flag in CCR
C
C (carry) flag in CCR
PC
Program counter
SP
Stack pointer
#IMM
Immediate data
disp
Displacement
+
Addition
–
Subtraction
×
Multiplication
÷
Division
∧
Logical AND
∨
Logical OR
⊕
Logical exclusive OR
→
Move
¬
NOT (logical complement)
:8/:16/:24/:32
8-, 16-, 24-, or 32-bit length
Note: * General registers include 8-bit registers (R0H to R7H, R0L to R7L), 16-bit registers (R0 to
R7, E0 to E7), and 32-bit registers (ER0 to ER7).
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Section 2 CPU
Table 2.3
Instructions Classified by Function
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Data transfer
MOV
B/W/L
(EAs) → Rd, Rs → (EAd)
Moves data between two general registers or between a
general register and memory, or moves immediate data
to a general register.
MOVFPE
B
Cannot be used in the H8S/2646 Group.
MOVTPE
B
Cannot be used in the H8S/2646 Group.
POP
W/L
@SP+ → Rn
Pops a register from the stack. POP.W Rn is identical to
MOV.W @SP+, Rn. POP.L ERn is identical to MOV.L
@SP+, ERn.
PUSH
W/L
Rn → @–SP
Pushes a register onto the stack. PUSH.W Rn is
identical to MOV.W Rn, @–SP. PUSH.L ERn is identical
to MOV.L ERn, @–SP.
LDM
L
@SP+ → Rn (register list)
Pops two or more general registers from the stack.
STM
L
Rn (register list) → @–SP
Pushes two or more general registers onto the stack.
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Section 2 CPU
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Arithmetic
operations
ADD
SUB
B/W/L
Rd ± Rs → Rd, Rd ± #IMM → Rd
Performs addition or subtraction on data in two general
registers, or on immediate data and data in a general
register. (Immediate byte data cannot be subtracted
from byte data in a general register. Use the SUBX or
ADD instruction.)
ADDX
SUBX
B
Rd ± Rs ± C → Rd, Rd ± #IMM ± C → Rd
Performs addition or subtraction with carry or borrow on
byte data in two general registers, or on immediate data
and data in a general register.
INC
DEC
B/W/L
Rd ± 1 → Rd, Rd ± 2 → Rd
Increments or decrements a general register by 1 or 2.
(Byte operands can be incremented or decremented by
1 only.)
ADDS
SUBS
L
Rd ± 1 → Rd, Rd ± 2 → Rd, Rd ± 4 → Rd
Adds or subtracts the value 1, 2, or 4 to or from data in a
32-bit register.
DAA
DAS
B
Rd decimal adjust → Rd
Decimal-adjusts an addition or subtraction result in a
general register by referring to the CCR to produce 4-bit
BCD data.
MULXU
B/W
Rd × Rs → Rd
Performs unsigned multiplication on data in two general
registers: either 8 bits × 8 bits → 16 bits or 16 bits ×
16 bits → 32 bits.
MULXS
B/W
Rd × Rs → Rd
Performs signed multiplication on data in two general
registers: either 8 bits × 8 bits → 16 bits or 16 bits ×
16 bits → 32 bits.
DIVXU
B/W
Rd ÷ Rs → Rd
Performs unsigned division on data in two general
registers: either 16 bits ÷ 8 bits → 8-bit quotient and 8-bit
remainder or 32 bits ÷ 16 bits → 16-bit quotient and 16bit remainder.
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Section 2 CPU
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Arithmetic
operations
DIVXS
B/W
Rd ÷ Rs → Rd
Performs signed division on data in two general
registers: either 16 bits ÷ 8 bits → 8-bit quotient and 8-bit
remainder or 32 bits ÷ 16 bits → 16-bit quotient and 16bit remainder.
CMP
B/W/L
Rd – Rs, Rd – #IMM
Compares data in a general register with data in another
general register or with immediate data, and sets CCR
bits according to the result.
NEG
B/W/L
0 – Rd → Rd
Takes the two's complement (arithmetic complement) of
data in a general register.
EXTU
W/L
Rd (zero extension) → Rd
Extends the lower 8 bits of a 16-bit register to word size,
or the lower 16 bits of a 32-bit register to longword size,
by padding with zeros on the left.
EXTS
W/L
TAS
B
Rd (sign extension) → Rd
Extends the lower 8 bits of a 16-bit register to word size,
or the lower 16 bits of a 32-bit register to longword size,
by extending the sign bit.
@ERd – 0, 1 → (<bit 7> of @ERd)*2
Tests memory contents, and sets the most significant bit
(bit 7) to 1.
MAC
—
(EAs) × (EAd) + MAC → MAC
Performs signed multiplication on memory contents and
adds the result to the multiply-accumulate register. The
following operations can be performed:
16 bits × 16 bits + 32 bits → 32 bits, saturating
16 bits × 16 bits + 42 bits → 42 bits, non-saturating
CLRMAC
—
0 → MAC
Clears the multiply-accumulate register to zero.
LDMAC
STMAC
L
Rs → MAC, MAC → Rd
Transfers data between a general register and a
multiply-accumulate register.
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Section 2 CPU
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Logic
operations
AND
B/W/L
Rd ∧ Rs → Rd, Rd ∧ #IMM → Rd
Performs a logical AND operation on a general register
and another general register or immediate data.
OR
B/W/L
Rd ∨ Rs → Rd, Rd ∨ #IMM → Rd
Performs a logical OR operation on a general register
and another general register or immediate data.
XOR
B/W/L
Rd ⊕ Rs → Rd, Rd ⊕ #IMM → Rd
Performs a logical exclusive OR operation on a general
register and another general register or immediate data.
NOT
B/W/L
¬ (Rd) → (Rd)
Takes the one's complement of general register
contents.
SHAL
SHAR
B/W/L
Rd (shift) → Rd
Performs an arithmetic shift on general register contents.
1-bit or 2-bit shift is possible.
SHLL
SHLR
B/W/L
Rd (shift) → Rd
Performs a logical shift on general register contents.
1-bit or 2-bit shift is possible.
ROTL
ROTR
B/W/L
Rd (rotate) → Rd
Rotates general register contents.
1-bit or 2-bit rotation is possible.
ROTXL
ROTXR
B/W/L
Rd (rotate) → Rd
Rotates general register contents through the carry flag.
1-bit or 2-bit rotation is possible.
Shift
operations
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Section 2 CPU
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Bitmanipulation
instructions
BSET
B
1 → (<bit-No.> of <EAd>)
Sets a specified bit in a general register or memory
operand to 1. The bit number is specified by 3-bit
immediate data or the lower three bits of a general
register.
BCLR
B
0 → (<bit-No.> of <EAd>)
Clears a specified bit in a general register or memory
operand to 0. The bit number is specified by 3-bit
immediate data or the lower three bits of a general
register.
BNOT
B
¬ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → (<bit-No.> of <EAd>)
Inverts a specified bit in a general register or memory
operand. The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate
data or the lower three bits of a general register.
BTST
B
¬ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → Z
Tests a specified bit in a general register or memory
operand and sets or clears the Z flag accordingly. The
bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data or the
lower three bits of a general register.
BAND
B
C ∧ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → C
ANDs the carry flag with a specified bit in a general
register or memory operand and stores the result in the
carry flag.
BIAND
B
C ∧ [¬ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) ] → C
ANDs the carry flag with the inverse of a specified bit in
a general register or memory operand and stores the
result in the carry flag.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BOR
B
C ∨ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → C
ORs the carry flag with a specified bit in a general
register or memory operand and stores the result in the
carry flag.
BIOR
B
C ∨ ¬ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → C
ORs the carry flag with the inverse of a specified bit in a
general register or memory operand and stores the
result in the carry flag.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
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Section 2 CPU
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Bitmanipulation
instructions
BXOR
B
C ⊕ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → C
Exclusive-ORs the carry flag with a specified bit in a
general register or memory operand and stores the
result in the carry flag.
BIXOR
B
C ⊕ [¬ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) ] → C
Exclusive-ORs the carry flag with the inverse of a
specified bit in a general register or memory operand
and stores the result in the carry flag.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BLD
B
(<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → C
Transfers a specified bit in a general register or memory
operand to the carry flag.
BILD
B
¬ (<bit-No.> of <EAd>) → C
Transfers the inverse of a specified bit in a general
register or memory operand to the carry flag.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
BST
B
C → (<bit-No.> of <EAd>)
Transfers the carry flag value to a specified bit in a
general register or memory operand.
BIST
B
¬ C → (<bit-No.> of <EAd>)
Transfers the inverse of the carry flag value to a
specified bit in a general register or memory operand.
The bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data.
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Section 2 CPU
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Branch
instructions
Bcc
—
Branches to a specified address if a specified condition
is true. The branching conditions are listed below.
Mnemonic
Description
Condition
BRA(BT)
Always (true)
Always
BRN(BF)
Never (false)
Never
BHI
High
C∨Z=0
BLS
Low or same
C∨Z=1
BCC(BHS)
Carry clear
(high or same)
C=0
BCS(BLO)
Carry set (low)
C=1
BNE
Not equal
Z=0
BEQ
Equal
Z=1
BVC
Overflow clear
V=0
BVS
Overflow set
V=1
BPL
Plus
N=0
BMI
Minus
N=1
BGE
Greater or equal
N⊕V=0
BLT
Less than
N⊕V=1
BGT
Greater than
Z∨(N ⊕ V) = 0
BLE
Less or equal
Z∨(N ⊕ V) = 1
JMP
—
Branches unconditionally to a specified address.
BSR
—
Branches to a subroutine at a specified address.
JSR
—
Branches to a subroutine at a specified address.
RTS
—
Returns from a subroutine
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Section 2 CPU
Size*1
Function
System control TRAPA
instructions
RTE
—
Starts trap-instruction exception handling.
—
Returns from an exception-handling routine.
SLEEP
—
Causes a transition to a power-down state.
LDC
B/W
(EAs) → CCR, (EAs) → EXR
Moves the source operand contents or immediate data
to CCR or EXR. Although CCR and EXR are 8-bit
registers, word-size transfers are performed between
them and memory. The upper 8 bits are valid.
STC
B/W
CCR → (EAd), EXR → (EAd)
Transfers CCR or EXR contents to a general register or
memory. Although CCR and EXR are 8-bit registers,
word-size transfers are performed between them and
memory. The upper 8 bits are valid.
ANDC
B
CCR ∧ #IMM → CCR, EXR ∧ #IMM → EXR
Logically ANDs the CCR or EXR contents with
immediate data.
ORC
B
CCR ∨ #IMM → CCR, EXR ∨ #IMM → EXR
Logically ORs the CCR or EXR contents with immediate
data.
XORC
B
CCR ⊕ #IMM → CCR, EXR ⊕ #IMM → EXR
Logically exclusive-ORs the CCR or EXR contents with
immediate data.
NOP
—
PC + 2 → PC
Only increments the program counter.
Type
Instruction
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Section 2 CPU
Type
Instruction
Size*1
Function
Block data
transfer
instruction
EEPMOV.B
—
if R4L ≠ 0 then
Repeat @ER5+ → @ER6+
R4L–1 → R4L
Until R4L = 0
else next;
EEPMOV.W
—
if R4 ≠ 0 then
Repeat @ER5+ → @ER6+
R4–1 → R4
Until R4 = 0
else next;
Transfers a data block according to parameters set in
general registers R4L or R4, ER5, and ER6.
R4L or R4: size of block (bytes)
ER5: starting source address
ER6: starting destination address
Execution of the next instruction begins as soon as the
transfer is completed.
Notes: 1. Size refers to the operand size.
B: Byte
W: Word
L: Longword
2. Only register ER0, ER1, ER4, or ER5 should be used when using the TAS instruction.
2.6.4
Basic Instruction Formats
The CPU instructions consist of 2-byte (1-word) units. An instruction consists of an operation
field (op field), a register field (r field), an effective address extension (EA field), and a condition
field (cc).
(1) Operation Field: Indicates the function of the instruction, the addressing mode, and the
operation to be carried out on the operand. The operation field always includes the first four bits of
the instruction. Some instructions have two operation fields.
(2) Register Field: Specifies a general register. Address registers are specified by 3 bits, data
registers by 3 bits or 4 bits. Some instructions have two register fields. Some have no register
field.
(3) Effective Address Extension: Eight, 16, or 32 bits specifying immediate data, an absolute
address, or a displacement.
(4) Condition Field: Specifies the branching condition of Bcc instructions.
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Section 2 CPU
Figure 2.12 shows examples of instruction formats.
(1) Operation field only
op
NOP, RTS, etc.
(2) Operation field and register fields
op
rm
rn
ADD.B Rn, Rm, etc.
(3) Operation field, register fields, and effective address extension
op
rn
rm
MOV.B @(d:16, Rn), Rm, etc.
EA (disp)
(4) Operation field, effective address extension, and condition field
op
cc
EA (disp)
BRA d:16, etc
Figure 2.12 Instruction Formats (Examples)
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Section 2 CPU
2.7
Addressing Modes and Effective Address Calculation
2.7.1
Addressing Mode
The CPU supports the eight addressing modes listed in table 2.4. Each instruction uses a subset of
these addressing modes. Arithmetic and logic instructions can use the register direct and
immediate modes. Data transfer instructions can use all addressing modes except program-counter
relative and memory indirect. Bit manipulation instructions use register direct, register indirect, or
absolute addressing mode to specify an operand, and register direct (BSET, BCLR, BNOT, and
BTST instructions) or immediate (3-bit) addressing mode to specify a bit number in the operand.
Table 2.4
Addressing Modes
No.
Addressing Mode
Symbol
1
Register direct
Rn
2
Register indirect
@ERn
3
Register indirect with displacement
@(d:16,ERn)/@(d:32,ERn)
4
Register indirect with post-increment
Register indirect with pre-decrement
@ERn+
@–ERn
5
Absolute address
@aa:8/@aa:16/@aa:24/@aa:32
6
Immediate
#xx:8/#xx:16/#xx:32
7
Program-counter relative
@(d:8,PC)/@(d:16,PC)
8
Memory indirect
@@aa:8
(1) Register Direct—Rn: The register field of the instruction specifies an 8-, 16-, or 32-bit
general register containing the operand. R0H to R7H and R0L to R7L can be specified as 8-bit
registers. R0 to R7 and E0 to E7 can be specified as 16-bit registers. ER0 to ER7 can be specified
as 32-bit registers.
(2) Register Indirect—@ERn: The register field of the instruction code specifies an address
register (ERn) which contains the address of the operand on memory. If the address is a program
instruction address, the lower 24 bits are valid and the upper 8 bits are all assumed to be 0 (H'00).
(3) Register Indirect with Displacement—@(d:16, ERn) or @(d:32, ERn): A 16-bit or 32-bit
displacement contained in the instruction is added to an address register (ERn) specified by the
register field of the instruction, and the sum gives the address of a memory operand. A 16-bit
displacement is sign-extended when added.
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Section 2 CPU
(4) Register Indirect with Post-Increment or Pre-Decrement—@ERn+ or @-ERn:
• Register indirect with post-increment—@ERn+
The register field of the instruction code specifies an address register (ERn) which contains the
address of a memory operand. After the operand is accessed, 1, 2, or 4 is added to the address
register contents and the sum is stored in the address register. The value added is 1 for byte
access, 2 for word transfer instruction, or 4 for longword transfer instruction. For word or
longword transfer instruction, the register value should be even.
• Register indirect with pre-decrement—@-ERn
The value 1, 2, or 4 is subtracted from an address register (ERn) specified by the register field
in the instruction code, and the result becomes the address of a memory operand. The result is
also stored in the address register. The value subtracted is 1 for byte access, 2 for word transfer
instruction, or 4 for longword transfer instruction. For word or longword transfer instruction,
the register value should be even.
(5) Absolute Address—@aa:8, @aa:16, @aa:24, or @aa:32: The instruction code contains the
absolute address of a memory operand. The absolute address may be 8 bits long (@aa:8), 16 bits
long (@aa:16), 24 bits long (@aa:24), or 32 bits long (@aa:32).
To access data, the absolute address should be 8 bits (@aa:8), 16 bits (@aa:16), or 32 bits
(@aa:32) long. For an 8-bit absolute address, the upper 24 bits are all assumed to be 1 (H'FFFF).
For a 16-bit absolute address the upper 16 bits are a sign extension. A 32-bit absolute address can
access the entire address space.
A 24-bit absolute address (@aa:24) indicates the address of a program instruction. The upper 8
bits are all assumed to be 0 (H'00).
Table 2.5 indicates the accessible absolute address ranges.
Table 2.5
Absolute Address Access Ranges
Normal Mode*
Advanced Mode
8 bits (@aa:8)
H'FF00 to H'FFFF
H'FFFF00 to H'FFFFFF
16 bits (@aa:16)
H'0000 to H'FFFF
H'000000 to H'007FFF,
H'FF8000 to H'FFFFFF
Absolute Address
Data address
32 bits (@aa:32)
Program instruction
address
24 bits (@aa:24)
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
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H'000000 to H'FFFFFF
Section 2 CPU
(6) Immediate—#xx:8, #xx:16, or #xx:32: The instruction contains 8-bit (#xx:8), 16-bit
(#xx:16), or 32-bit (#xx:32) immediate data as an operand.
The ADDS, SUBS, INC, and DEC instructions contain immediate data implicitly. Some bit
manipulation instructions contain 3-bit immediate data in the instruction code, specifying a bit
number. The TRAPA instruction contains 2-bit immediate data in its instruction code, specifying a
vector address.
(7) Program-Counter Relative—@(d:8, PC) or @(d:16, PC): This mode is used in the Bcc and
BSR instructions. An 8-bit or 16-bit displacement contained in the instruction is sign-extended and
added to the 24-bit PC contents to generate a branch address. Only the lower 24 bits of this branch
address are valid; the upper 8 bits are all assumed to be 0 (H'00). The PC value to which the
displacement is added is the address of the first byte of the next instruction, so the possible
branching range is –126 to +128 bytes (–63 to +64 words) or –32766 to +32768 bytes (–16383 to
+16384 words) from the branch instruction. The resulting value should be an even number.
(8) Memory Indirect—@@aa:8: This mode can be used by the JMP and JSR instructions. The
instruction code contains an 8-bit absolute address specifying a memory operand. This memory
operand contains a branch address. The upper bits of the absolute address are all assumed to be 0,
so the address range is 0 to 255 (H'0000 to H'00FF in normal mode*, H'000000 to H'0000FF in
advanced mode). In normal mode* the memory operand is a word operand and the branch address
is 16 bits long. In advanced mode the memory operand is a longword operand, the first byte of
which is assumed to be all 0 (H'00).
Note that the first part of the address range is also the exception vector area. For further details,
refer to section 4, Exception Handling.
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
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Section 2 CPU
Specified
by @aa:8
Branch address
Specified
by @aa:8
Reserved
Branch address
(a) Normal Mode*
(b) Advanced Mode
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
Figure 2.13 Branch Address Specification in Memory Indirect Mode
If an odd address is specified in word or longword memory access, or as a branch address, the
least significant bit is regarded as 0, causing data to be accessed or instruction code to be fetched
at the address preceding the specified address. (For further information, see section 2.5.2, Memory
Data Formats.)
2.7.2
Effective Address Calculation
Table 2.6 indicates how effective addresses are calculated in each addressing mode. In normal
mode* the upper 8 bits of the effective address are ignored in order to generate a 16-bit address.
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
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4
3
rm
rn
r
r
disp
r
op
r
• Register indirect with pre-decrement @–ERn
op
Register indirect with post-increment or
pre-decrement
• Register indirect with post-increment @ERn+
op
Register indirect with displacement
@(d:16, ERn) or @(d:32, ERn)
op
Register indirect (@ERn)
op
Register direct (Rn)
Addressing Mode and Instruction Format
disp
1
2
4
0
1, 2, or 4
General register contents
Byte
Word
Longword
0
0
0
0
1, 2, or 4
General register contents
Sign extension
General register contents
General register contents
Operand Size Value added
31
31
31
31
31
Effective Address Calculation
24 23
24 23
24 23
24 23
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
Operand is general register contents.
Effective Address (EA)
0
0
0
0
Table 2.6
2
1
No.
Section 2 CPU
Effective Address Calculation
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6
op
op
abs
abs
abs
op
IMM
Immediate #xx:8/#xx:16/#xx:32
@aa:32
op
@aa:24
@aa:16
op
abs
Absolute address
5
@aa:8
Addressing Mode and Instruction Format
No.
Effective Address Calculation
24 23
24 23
24 23
24 23
87
16 15
Sign extension
H'FFFF
Operand is immediate data.
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
Effective Address (EA)
0
0
0
0
Section 2 CPU
abs
op
abs
• Advanced mode
op
• Normal mode*
Memory indirect @@aa:8
op
@(d:8, PC)/@(d:16, PC)
Program-counter relative
disp
Addressing Mode and Instruction Format
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
8
7
No.
31
31
31
87
abs
87
abs
Memory contents
15
Memory contents
H'000000
H'000000
disp
PC contents
Sign
extension
23
23
Effective Address Calculation
0
0
0
0
0
0
24 23
24 23
24 23
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
Don’t care
31
H'00
16 15
Effective Address (EA)
0
0
0
Section 2 CPU
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Section 2 CPU
2.8
Processing States
2.8.1
Overview
The CPU has five main processing states: the reset state, exception handling state, program
execution state, bus-released state, and power-down state. Figure 2.14 shows a diagram of the
processing states. Figure 2.15 indicates the state transitions.
Reset state
The CPU and all on-chip supporting modules have been
initialized and are stopped.
Exception-handling
state
A transient state in which the CPU changes the normal
processing flow in response to a reset, interrupt, or trap
instruction.
Processing
states
Program execution
state
The CPU executes program instructions in sequence.
Bus-released state
The external bus has been released in response to a bus
request signal from a bus master other than the CPU.
Sleep mode
Power-down state
CPU operation is stopped
to conserve power.*
Software standby
mode
Hardware standby
mode
Note: * The power-down state also includes a medium-speed mode, module stop mode,
subactive mode, subsleep mode, and watch mode.
Figure 2.14 Processing States
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Section 2 CPU
End of bus request
Bus request
Program execution state
SLEEP
instruction
with
SSBY = 0
ha
nd
lin
g
d
o
ha f ex
nd ce
lin pti
g on
Re
qu
es
tf
or
ex
ce
pt
ion
s
bu
t
of est
es
d u
qu
En req
re
s
Bu
Bus-released state
Sleep mode
upt
req
SLEEP
instruction
with
SSBY = 1
En
rr
Inte
t
ues
Exception handling state
External interrupt request
Software standby mode
RES= High
STBY= High, RES= Low
Reset state*1
Hardware standby mode*2
Power-down state*3
Notes: 1. From any state except hardware standby mode, a transition to the reset state occurs whenever RES
goes low. A transition can also be made to the reset state when the
watchdog timer overflows.
2. From any state, a transition to hardware standby mode occurs when STBY goes low.
3. Apart from these states, there are also the watch mode, subactive mode, and the subsleep mode.
See section 22, Power-Down Modes.
Figure 2.15 State Transitions
2.8.2
Reset State
When the RES goes low, all current processing stops and the CPU enters the reset state. In reset
state all interrupts are disenabled.
Reset exception handling starts when the RES signal changes from low to high.
The reset state can also be entered by a watchdog timer overflow. For details, refer to section 12,
Watchdog Timer.
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Section 2 CPU
2.8.3
Exception-Handling State
The exception-handling state is a transient state that occurs when the CPU alters the normal
processing flow due to a reset, interrupt, or trap instruction. The CPU fetches a start address
(vector) from the exception vector table and branches to that address.
(1) Types of Exception Handling and Their Priority
Exception handling is performed for traces, resets, interrupts, and trap instructions. Table 2.7
indicates the types of exception handling and their priority. Trap instruction exception handling is
always accepted, in the program execution state.
Exception handling and the stack structure depend on the interrupt control mode set in SYSCR.
Table 2.7
Exception Handling Types and Priority
Priority
Type of Exception
Detection Timing
Start of Exception Handling
High
Reset
Synchronized with clock
Exception handling starts
immediately after a low-to-high
transition at the RES pin, or when
the watchdog timer overflows.
Trace
End of instruction
execution or end of
exception-handling
1
sequence*
When the trace (T) bit is set to 1,
the trace starts at the end of the
current instruction or current
exception-handling sequence
Interrupt
End of instruction
execution or end of
exception-handling
2
sequence*
When an interrupt is requested,
exception handling starts at the end
of the current instruction or current
exception-handling sequence
Trap instruction
When TRAPA instruction Exception handling starts when a
is executed
trap (TRAPA) instruction is
executed*3
Low
Notes: 1. Traces are enabled only in interrupt control mode 2. Trace exception-handling is not
executed at the end of the RTE instruction.
2. Interrupts are not detected at the end of the ANDC, ORC, XORC, and LDC instructions,
or immediately after reset exception handling.
3. Trap instruction exception handling is always accepted, in the program execution state.
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Section 2 CPU
(2) Reset Exception Handling
After the RES pin has gone low and the reset state has been entered, when RES goes high again,
reset exception handling starts. The CPU enters the reset state when the RES is low. When reset
exception handling starts the CPU fetches a start address (vector) from the exception vector table
and starts program execution from that address. All interrupts, including NMI, are disabled during
reset exception handling and after it ends.
(3) Traces
Traces are enabled only in interrupt control mode 2. Trace mode is entered when the T bit of EXR
is set to 1. When trace mode is established, trace exception handling starts at the end of each
instruction.
At the end of a trace exception-handling sequence, the T bit of EXR is cleared to 0 and trace mode
is cleared. Interrupt masks are not affected.
The T bit saved on the stack retains its value of 1, and when the RTE instruction is executed to
return from the trace exception-handling routine, trace mode is entered again. Trace exceptionhandling is not executed at the end of the RTE instruction.
Trace mode is not entered in interrupt control mode 0, regardless of the state of the T bit.
(4) Interrupt Exception Handling and Trap Instruction Exception Handling
When interrupt or trap-instruction exception handling begins, the CPU references the stack pointer
(ER7) and pushes the program counter and other control registers onto the stack. Next, the CPU
alters the settings of the interrupt mask bits in the control registers. Then the CPU fetches a start
address (vector) from the exception vector table and program execution starts from that start
address.
Figure 2.16 shows the stack after exception handling ends.
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Section 2 CPU
Normal mode*2
SP
SP
EXR
Reserved*1
CCR
CCR*1
CCR
CCR*1
PC
(16 bits)
PC
(16 bits)
(a) Interrupt control mode 0
(b) Interrupt control mode 2
Advanced mode
SP
SP
EXR
Reserved*1
CCR
CCR
PC
(24 bits)
PC
(24 bits)
(c) Interrupt control mode 0
(d) Interrupt control mode 2
Notes: 1. Ignored when returning.
2. Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
Figure 2.16 Stack Structure after Exception Handling (Examples)
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Section 2 CPU
2.8.4
Program Execution State
In this state the CPU executes program instructions in sequence.
2.8.5
Bus-Released State
This is a state in which the bus has been released in response to a bus request from a bus master
other than the CPU. While the bus is released, the CPU halts operations.
Bus masters other than the CPU is data transfer controller (DTC).
For further details, refer to section 7, Bus Controller.
2.8.6
Power-Down State
The power-down state includes both modes in which the CPU stops operating and modes in which
the CPU does not stop. There are five modes in which the CPU stops operating: sleep mode,
software standby mode, hardware standby mode, subsleep mode, and watch mode. There are also
three other power-down modes: medium-speed mode, module stop mode, and subactive mode. In
medium-speed mode the CPU and other bus masters operate on a medium-speed clock. Module
stop mode permits halting of the operation of individual modules, other than the CPU. Subactive
mode, subsleep mode, and watch mode are power-down states using subclock input. For details,
refer to section 22, Power-Down Modes.
(1) Sleep Mode: A transition to sleep mode is made if the SLEEP instruction is executed while
the software standby bit (SSBY) in the standby control register (SBYCR) is cleared to 0. In sleep
mode, CPU operations stop immediately after execution of the SLEEP instruction. The contents of
CPU registers are retained.
(2) Software Standby Mode: A transition to software standby mode is made if the SLEEP
instruction is executed while the SSBY bit in SBYCR is set to 1, the LSON bit in LPWRCR is set
to 0, and the PSS bit in TCSR (WDT1) is set to 0. In software standby mode, the CPU and clock
halt and all MCU operations stop. As long as a specified voltage is supplied, the contents of CPU
registers and on-chip RAM are retained. The I/O ports also remain in their existing states.
(3) Hardware Standby Mode: A transition to hardware standby mode is made when the STBY
pin goes low. In hardware standby mode, the CPU and clock halt and all MCU operations stop.
The on-chip supporting modules are reset, but as long as a specified voltage is supplied, on-chip
RAM contents are retained.
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Section 2 CPU
2.9
Basic Timing
2.9.1
Overview
The H8S/2600 CPU is driven by a system clock, denoted by the symbol φ. The period from one
rising edge of φ to the next is referred to as a "state." The memory cycle or bus cycle consists of
one, two, or three states. Different methods are used to access on-chip memory, on-chip
supporting modules, and the external address space.
2.9.2
On-Chip Memory (ROM, RAM)
On-chip memory is accessed in one state. The data bus is 16 bits wide, permitting both byte and
word transfer instruction. Figure 2.17 shows the on-chip memory access cycle. Figure 2.18 shows
the pin states.
Bus cycle
T1
φ
Internal address bus
Read
access
Address
Internal read signal
Internal data bus
Read data
Internal write signal
Write
access
Internal data bus
Write data
Figure 2.17 On-Chip Memory Access Cycle
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Section 2 CPU
Bus cycle
T1
φ
Address bus
Held
AS
High
RD
High
HWR, LWR
High
Data bus
High-impedance state
Figure 2.18 Pin States during On-Chip Memory Access
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Section 2 CPU
2.9.3
On-Chip Supporting Module Access Timing
The on-chip supporting modules are accessed in two states. The data bus is either 8 bits or 16 bits
wide, depending on the particular internal I/O register being accessed. Figure 2.19 shows the
access cycle for the on-chip supporting modules. Figure 2.20 shows the pin states.
Bus cycle
T1
T2
φ
Internal address bus
Address
Internal read signal
Read
access
Internal data bus
Read data
Internal write signal
Write
access
Internal data bus
Write data
Figure 2.19 On-Chip Supporting Module Access Cycle
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Section 2 CPU
Bus cycle
T1
T2
φ
Address bus
Held
AS
High
RD
High
HWR, LWR
High
Data bus
High-impedance state
Figure 2.20 Pin States during On-Chip Supporting Module Access
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Section 2 CPU
2.9.4
On-Chip HCAN Module Access Timing
On-chip HCAN module access is performed in four states. The data bus width is 16 bits. Wait
states can be inserted by means of a wait request from the HCAN. On-chip HCAN module access
cycle is shown in figures 2.21 and 2.22, and the pin states in figure 2.23.
Bus cycle
T1
T2
T3
T4
φ
Internal address bus
Address
HCAN read signal
Read
Internal data bus
Read data
HCAN write signal
Write
Internal data bus
Write data
Figure 2.21 On-Chip HCAN Module Access Cycle (No Wait State)
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Section 2 CPU
Bus cycle
T2
T1
T3
Tw
Tw
T4
φ
Internal address bus
Address
HCAN read signal
Read
Internal data bus
Read data
HCAN write signal
Write
Internal data bus
Write data
Figure 2.22 On-Chip HCAN Module Access Cycle (Wait States Inserted)
Bus cycle
T1
T2
T3
T4
φ
Address bus
Held
AS
High
RD
High
HWR, LWR
High
Data bus
High-impedance state
Figure 2.23 Pin States in On-Chip HCAN Module Access
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Section 2 CPU
2.9.5
External Address Space Access Timing
The external address space is accessed with an 8-bit or 16-bit data bus width in a two-state or
three-state bus cycle. In three-state access, wait states can be inserted. For further details, refer to
section 7, Bus Controller.
2.10
Usage Note
2.10.1
TAS Instruction
Only register ER0, ER1, ER4, or ER5 should be used when using the TAS instruction. The TAS
instruction is not generated by the Renesas Technology H8S and H8/300 series C/C++ compilers.
If the TAS instruction is used as a user-defined intrinsic function, ensure that only register ER0,
ER1, ER4, or ER5 is used.
2.10.2
Caution to Observe when Using Bit Manipulation Instructions
The BSET, BCLR, BNOT, BST and BIST instructions read data in a unit of byte, then, after bit
manipulation, they write data in a unit of byte. Therefore, caution must be exercised when
executing any of these instructions for registers and ports that include write-only bits.
The BCLR instruction can be used to clear the flag of an internal I/O register to 0. In that case, if it
is clearly known that the pertinent flag is set to 1 in an interrupt processing routine or other
processing, there is no need to read the flag in advance.
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
3.1
Overview
3.1.1
Operating Mode Selection
The H8S/2646 Group has four operating modes (modes 4 to 7). These modes enable selection of
the CPU operating mode, enabling/disabling of on-chip ROM, and the initial bus width setting, by
setting the mode pins (MD2 to MD0).
Table 3.1 lists the MCU operating modes.
Table 3.1
MCU Operating Mode Selection
External Data Bus
MCU
CPU
Operating
Operating
Mode
MD2 MD1 MD0 Mode
Description
0*
1*
0
2*
3*
4
0
1
7
—
1
—
—
Max.
Width
—
—
—
0
1
1
0
5
6
0
On-Chip Initial
ROM
Width
0
1
1
Advanced On-chip ROM disabled, Disabled 16 bits
expanded mode
8 bits
0
On-chip ROM enabled,
expanded mode
1
Single-chip mode
Enabled
16 bits
16 bits
8 bits
16 bits
—
—
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
The CPU’s architecture allows for 4 Gbytes of address space, but the H8S/2646 Group actually
accesses a maximum of 16 Mbytes.
Modes 4 to 6 are externally expanded modes that allow access to external memory and peripheral
devices.
The external expansion modes allow switching between 8-bit and 16-bit bus modes. After
program execution starts, an 8-bit or 16-bit address space can be set for each area, depending on
the bus controller setting. If 16-bit access is selected for any one area, 16-bit bus mode is set; if 8bit access is selected for all areas, 8-bit bus mode is set.
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
Note that the functions of each pin depend on the operating mode.
The H8S/2646 Group can be used only in modes 4 to 7. This means that the mode pins must be set
to select one of these modes. Do not change the inputs at the mode pins during operation.
3.1.2
Register Configuration
The H8S/2646 Group has a mode control register (MDCR) that indicates the inputs at the mode
pins (MD2 to MD0), and a system control register (SYSCR) that controls the operation of the
H8S/2646 Group. Table 3.2 summarizes these registers.
Table 3.2
MCU Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Mode control register
MDCR
R
Undetermined
H'FDE7
System control register
SYSCR
R/W
H'01
H'FDE5
Pin function control register
PFCR
R/W
H'0D/H'00
H'FDEB
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
3.2
Register Descriptions
3.2.1
Mode Control Register (MDCR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
MDS2
MDS1
MDS0
Initial value :
1
0
0
0
0
—*
—*
—*
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
R
R
R
:
Note: * Determined by pins MD2 to MD0.
MDCR is an 8-bit read-only register that indicates the current operating mode of the H8S/2646
Group.
Bit 7—Reserved: Cannot be written to.
Bits 6 to 3—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0 and cannot be written to.
Bits 2 to 0—Mode Select 2 to 0 (MDS2 to MDS0): These bits indicate the input levels at pins
MD2 to MD0 (the current operating mode). Bits MDS2 to MDS0 correspond to MD2 to MD0.
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
MDS2 to MDS0 are read-only bits, and they cannot be written to. The mode pin (MD2 to MD0)
input levels are latched into these bits when MDCR is read. These latches are cancelled by a reset.
3.2.2
System Control Register (SYSCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MACS
—
INTM1
INTM0
NMIEG
—
—
RAME
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
SYSCR is an 8-bit readable-writable register that selects saturating or non-saturating calculation
for the MAC instruction, selects the interrupt control mode, selects the detected edge for NMI, and
enables or disenables on-chip RAM.
SYSCR is initialized to H'01 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. SYSCR is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 7—MAC Saturation (MACS): Selects either saturating or non-saturating calculation for the
MAC instruction.
Bit 7
MACS
Description
0
Non-saturating calculation for MAC instruction
1
Saturating calculation for MAC instruction
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Reserved: This bit is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bits 5 and 4—Interrupt Control Mode 1 and 0 (INTM1, INTM0): These bits select the control
mode of the interrupt controller. For details of the interrupt control modes, see section 5.4.1,
Interrupt Control Modes and Interrupt Operation.
Bit 5
INTM1
Bit 4
INTM0
Interrupt Control
Mode
Description
0
0
0
Control of interrupts by I bit
1
—
Setting prohibited
0
2
Control of interrupts by I2 to I0 bits and IPR
1
—
Setting prohibited
1
(Initial value)
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
Bit 3—NMI Edge Select (NMIEG): Selects the valid edge of the NMI interrupt input.
Bit 3
NMIEG
Description
0
An interrupt is requested at the falling edge of NMI input
1
An interrupt is requested at the rising edge of NMI input
(Initial value)
Bit 2— Reserved: Only 0 should be written to this bit.
Bit 1—Reserved: This bit is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 0—RAM Enable (RAME): Enables or disables the on-chip RAM. The RAME bit is
initialized when the reset status is released. It is not initialized in software standby mode.
Bit 0
RAME
Description
0
On-chip RAM is disabled
1
On-chip RAM is enabled
(Initial value)
Note: When the DTC is used, the RAME bit must not be cleared to 0.
3.2.3
Bit
Pin Function Control Register (PFCR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
AE3
AE2
AE1
AE0
0
0
0
0
1/0
1/0
0
1/0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PFCR is an 8-bit readable-writeable register that performs address output control in extension
modes involving ROM.
PFCR is initialized to H'0D/H'00 by a reset and in the hardware standby mode.
Bits 7 to 4— Reserved: Only 0 should be written to these bits.
Bits 3 to 0—Address Output Enable 3 to 0 (AE3–AE0): These bits select enabling or disabling
of address outputs A8 to A23 in ROMless expanded mode and modes with ROM. When a pin is
enabled for address output, the address is output regardless of the corresponding DDR setting.
When a pin is disabled for address output, it becomes an output port when the corresponding DDR
bit is set to 1.
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
Bit 3
AE3
Bit 2
AE2
Bit 1
AE1
Bit 0
AE0
Description
0
0
0
0
A8–A23 address output disabled
1
A8 address output enabled; A9–A23 address output disabled
0
A8, A9 address output enabled; A10–A23 address output
disabled
1
A8–A10 address output enabled; A11–A23 address output
disabled
0
A8–A11 address output enabled; A12–A23 address output
disabled
1
A8–A12 address output enabled; A13–A23 address output
disabled
0
A8–A13 address output enabled; A14–A23 address output
disabled
1
A8–A14 address output enabled; A15–A23 address output
disabled
0
A8–A15 address output enabled; A16–A23 address output
disabled
1
A8–A16 address output enabled; A17–A23 address output
disabled
0
A8–A17 address output enabled; A18–A23 address output
disabled
1
A8–A18 address output enabled; A19–A23 address output
disabled
0
A8–A19 address output enabled; A20–A23 address output
disabled
1
A8–A20 address output enabled; A21–A23 address output
disabled
(Initial value*)
0
A8–A21 address output enabled; A22, A23 address output
disabled
1
A8–A23 address output enabled
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
(Initial value*)
Note: * In expanded mode with ROM, bits AE3 to AE0 are initialized to B'0000.
In ROMless expanded mode, bits AE3 to AE0 are initialized to B'1101.
Address pins A0 to A7 are made address outputs by setting the corresponding DDR bits to
1.
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
3.3
Operating Mode Descriptions
3.3.1
Mode 4
The CPU can access a 16-Mbyte address space in advanced mode. The on-chip ROM is disabled.
Ports A, B, and C, function as an address bus, ports D and E function as a data bus, and part of
port F carries bus control signals.
The initial bus mode after a reset is 16 bits, with 16-bit access to all areas. However, note that if 8bit access is designated by the bus controller for all areas, the bus mode switches to 8 bits.
3.3.2
Mode 5
The CPU can access a 16-Mbyte address space in advanced mode. The on-chip ROM is disabled.
Ports A, B, and C, function as an address bus, ports D and E function as a data bus, and part of
port F carries bus control signals.
The initial bus mode after a reset is 8 bits, with 8-bit access to all areas. However, note that if 16bit access is designated by the bus controller for any area, the bus mode switches to 16 bits and
port E becomes a data bus.
3.3.3
Mode 6
The CPU can access a 16-Mbyte address space in advanced mode. The on-chip ROM is enabled.
Ports A, B, and C, function as input port pins immediately after a reset. Address output can be
performed by setting the corresponding DDR (data direction register) bits to 1.
Port D functions as a data bus, and part of port F carries bus control signals.
The initial bus mode after a reset is 8 bits, with 8-bit access to all areas. However, note that if 16bit access is designated by the bus controller for any area, the bus mode switches to 16 bits and
port E becomes a data bus.
3.3.4
Mode 7
The CPU can access a 16-Mbyte address space in advanced mode. The on-chip ROM is enabled,
but external addresses cannot be accessed.
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
All I/O ports are available for use as input-output ports.
3.4
Pin Functions in Each Operating Mode
The pin functions of ports A to F vary depending on the operating mode. Table 3.3 shows their
functions in each operating mode.
Table 3.3
Pin Functions in Each Mode
Port
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
P
Port A
A
A
Port B
A
A
P*/A
P*/A
Port C
A
A
P*/A
P
Port D
D
Port E
D
P*/D
D
P*/D
P
PF7
P/D*
P/C*
P/C*
P/C*
PF6 to PF4
C
PF3
P/C*
P*/C
C
P*/C
C
P*/C
P*/C
P*/C
Port F
PF2
P
P
P*/C
P
Legend:
P: I/O port
A: Address bus output
D: Data bus I/O
C: Control signals, clock I/O
*: After reset
3.5
Address Map in Each Operating Mode
A address maps of the H8S/2646 Group are shown in figures 3.1 (1) and 3.1 (2).
The address space is 16 Mbytes in modes 4 to 7 (advanced modes).
The address space is divided into eight areas for modes 4 to 7. For details, see section 7, Bus
Controller.
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
Modes 4 and 5
(advanced expanded modes
with on-chip ROM disabled)
H'000000
Mode 6
(advanced expanded mode
with on-chip ROM enabled)
H'000000
H'000000
On-chip ROM
External address
space
H'01FFFF
H'020000
H'FFAFFF
H'FFB000
H'FFAFFF
H'FFB000
Reserved area
H'FFDFFF
H'FFE000
Mode 7
(advanced single-chip mode)
On-chip ROM
H'01FFFF
External address
space
Reserved area
H'FFDFFF
H'FFE000
On-chip RAM*
H'FFE000
On-chip RAM
On-chip RAM*
H'FFEFBF
H'FFEFC0
H'FFF800
External address
space
H'FFEFC0
H'FFF800
Internal I/O registers
H'FFFF40
H'FFFF60
H'FFFFC0
H'FFFFFF
External address
space
Internal I/O registers
On-chip RAM*
External address
space
H'FFF800
Internal I/O registers
Internal I/O registers
H'FFFF40
H'FFFF60
H'FFFFC0
H'FFFFFF
H'FFFF3F
External address
space
Internal I/O registers
On-chip RAM*
H'FFFF60
Internal I/O registers
H'FFFFC0
H'FFFFFF
On-chip RAM
Note: * External addresses can be accessed by clearing th RAME bit in SYSCR to 0.
Figure 3.1 (1) Address Map in Each Operating Mode in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R,
H8S/2648, and H8S/2648R
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
Modes 4 and 5
(advanced expanded modes
with on-chip ROM disabled)
H'000000
Mode 6
(advanced expanded mode
with on-chip ROM enabled)
H'000000
Mode 7
(advanced single-chip mode)
H'000000
On-chip ROM
H'00FFFF
H'010000
On-chip ROM
H'00FFFF
H'010000
External address
space
Reserved area
H'01FFFF
H'020000
H'FFAFFF
H'FFB000
H'FFAFFF
H'FFB000
Reserved area
H'FFE7FF
H'FFE800
Reserved area
H'01FFFF
External address
space
Reserved area
H'FFE7FF
H'FFE800
On-chip RAM*
H'FFE000
On-chip RAM
On-chip RAM*
H'FFEFBF
H'FFEFC0
H'FFF800
External address
space
H'FFEFC0
H'FFF800
Internal I/O registers
H'FFFF40
H'FFFF60
H'FFFFC0
H'FFFFFF
External address
space
Internal I/O registers
On-chip RAM*
External address
space
H'FFF800
Internal I/O registers
Internal I/O registers
H'FFFF40
H'FFFF60
H'FFFFC0
H'FFFFFF
H'FFFF3F
External address
space
Internal I/O registers
On-chip RAM*
H'FFFF60
Internal I/O registers
H'FFFFC0
H'FFFFFF
On-chip RAM
Note: * External addresses can be accessed by clearing th RAME bit in SYSCR to 0.
Figure 3.1 (2) Address Map in Each Operating Mode in the H8S/2645 and H8S/2647
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Section 3 MCU Operating Modes
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Section 4 Exception Handling
Section 4 Exception Handling
4.1
Overview
4.1.1
Exception Handling Types and Priority
As table 4.1 indicates, exception handling may be caused by a reset, direct transition, trap
instruction, or interrupt. Exception handling is prioritized as shown in table 4.1. If two or more
exceptions occur simultaneously, they are accepted and processed in order of priority. Trap
instruction exceptions are accepted at all times, in the program execution state.
Exception handling sources, the stack structure, and the operation of the CPU vary depending on
the interrupt control mode set by the INTM0 and INTM1 bits of SYSCR.
Table 4.1
Exception Types and Priority
Priority
Exception Type
Start of Exception Handling
High
Reset
Starts immediately after a low-to-high transition at the RES pin,
or when the watchdog overflows. The CPU enters the reset
state when the RES pin is low.
Trace*1
Starts when execution of the current instruction or exception
handling ends, if the trace (T) bit is set to 1
Direct transition
Starts when a direct transition occurs due to execution of a
SLEEP instruction.
Interrupt
Starts when execution of the current instruction or exception
handling ends, if an interrupt request has been issued*2
Trap instruction
(TRAPA)*3
Started by execution of a trap instruction (TRAPA)
Low
Notes: 1. Traces are enabled only in interrupt control mode 2. Trace exception handling is not
executed after execution of an RTE instruction.
2. Interrupt detection is not performed on completion of ANDC, ORC, XORC, or LDC
instruction execution, or on completion of reset exception handling.
3. Trap instruction exception handling requests are accepted at all times in program
execution state.
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Section 4 Exception Handling
4.1.2
Exception Handling Operation
Exceptions originate from various sources. Trap instructions and interrupts are handled as follows:
1. The program counter (PC), condition code register (CCR), and extended register (EXR) are
pushed onto the stack.
2. The interrupt mask bits are updated. The T bit is cleared to 0.
3. A vector address corresponding to the exception source is generated, and program execution
starts from that address.
For a reset exception, steps 2 and 3 above are carried out.
4.1.3
Exception Vector Table
The exception sources are classified as shown in figure 4.1. Different vector addresses are
assigned to different exception sources.
Table 4.2 lists the exception sources and their vector addresses.
Reset
Trace
Exception
sources
External interrupts: NMI, IRQ5 to IRQ0
Internal interrupts: Interrupts from on-chip supporting modules
43 sources in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R,
and H8S/2645
47 sources in the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R,
and H8S/2647
Trap instruction
Interrupts
Figure 4.1 Exception Sources
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Section 4 Exception Handling
Table 4.2
Exception Vector Table
Vector Address*1
Exception Source
Vector Number
Advanced Mode
Reset
0
H'0000 to H'0003
Reserved for system use
1
H'0004 to H'0007
2
H'0008 to H'000B
3
H'000C to H'000F
4
H'0010 to H'0013
5
H'0014 to H'0017
6
H'0018 to H'001B
7
H'001C to H'001F
8
H'0020 to H'0023
9
H'0024 to H'0027
10
H'0028 to H'002B
11
H'002C to H'002F
12
H'0030 to H'0033
13
H'0034 to H'0037
14
H'0038 to H'003B
15
H'003C to H'003F
IRQ0
16
H'0040 to H'0043
IRQ1
17
H'0044 to H'0047
IRQ2
18
H'0048 to H'004B
Trace
Direct Transition*
3
External interrupt
NMI
Trap instruction (4 sources)
Reserved for system use
External interrupt
Reserved for system use
Internal interrupt*2
IRQ3
19
H'004C to H'004F
IRQ4
20
H'0050 to H'0053
IRQ5
21
H'0054 to H'0057
22
H'0058 to H'005B
23
H'005C to H'005F
24

127
H'0060 to H'0063

H'01FC to H'01FF
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. For details of internal interrupt vectors, see section 5.3.3, Interrupt Exception Handling
Vector Table.
3. See section 22.11, Direct Transitions, for details on direct transition.
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Section 4 Exception Handling
4.2
Reset
4.2.1
Overview
A reset has the highest exception priority.
When the RES pin goes low, all current operations are stopped, and this LSI enters reset state. A
reset initializes the internal state of the CPU and the registers of on-chip supporting modules.
Immediately after a reset, interrupt control mode 0 is set.
When the RES pin goes from low to high, reset exception handling starts.
The H8S/2646 Group can also be reset by overflow of the watchdog timer. For details see section
12, Watchdog Timer.
4.2.2
Reset Sequence
This LSI enters reset state when the RES pin goes low.
To ensure that this LSI is reset, hold the RES pin low for at least 20 ms at power-up. To reset
during operation, hold the RES pin low for at least 20 states.
When the RES pin goes high after being held low for the necessary time, this LSI starts reset
exception handling as follows.
1. The internal state of the CPU and the registers of the on-chip supporting modules are
initialized, the T bit is cleared to 0 in EXR, and the I bit is set to 1 in EXR and CCR.
2. The reset exception handling vector address is read and transferred to the PC, and program
execution starts from the address indicated by the PC.
Figures 4.2 and 4.3 show examples of the reset sequence.
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Section 4 Exception Handling
Vector
fetch
Internal
Prefetch of first program
processing instruction
φ
RES
Internal
address bus
(3)
(1)
(5)
Internal read
signal
High
Internal write
signal
Internal data
bus
(2)
(4)
(6)
(1) (3) Reset exception handling vector address (when reset, (1) = H'000000,
(3) = H'000002)
(2) (4) Start address (contents of reset exception handling vector address)
(5)
Start address ((5) = (2) (4))
(6)
First program instruction
Figure 4.2 Reset Sequence (Modes 6 and 7)
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Section 4 Exception Handling
Vector
fetch
*
Internal
processing
*
Prefetch of first program
instruction
*
φ
RES
Address bus
(1)
(3)
(5)
RD
HWR, LWR
High
D15 to D0
(2)
(4)
(6)
(1) (3) Reset exception handling vector address (when reset, (1) = H'000000,
(3) = H'000002)
(2) (4) Start address (contents of reset exception handling vector address)
(5)
Start address ((5) = (2) (4))
(6)
First program instruction
Note: * 3 program wait states are inserted.
Figure 4.3 Reset Sequence (Mode 4)
4.2.3
Interrupts after Reset
If an interrupt is accepted after a reset but before the stack pointer (SP) is initialized, the PC and
CCR will not be saved correctly, leading to a program crash. To prevent this, all interrupt requests,
including NMI, are disabled immediately after a reset. Since the first instruction of a program is
always executed immediately after the reset state ends, make sure that this instruction initializes
the stack pointer (example: MOV.L #xx: 32, SP).
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Section 4 Exception Handling
4.2.4
State of On-Chip Supporting Modules after Reset Release
After reset release, MSTPCRA to MSTPCRD are initialized to H'3F, H'FF, H'FF, and
B'11*******1, respectively, and all modules except the DTC, enter module stop mode.
Consequently, on-chip supporting module registers cannot be read or written to. Register reading
and writing is enabled when module stop mode is exited.
Note: 1. The value of bits 5 to 0 is undefined.
4.3
Traces
Traces are enabled in interrupt control mode 2. Trace mode is not activated in interrupt control
mode 0, irrespective of the state of the T bit. For details of interrupt control modes, see section 5,
Interrupt Controller.
If the T bit in EXR is set to 1, trace mode is activated. In trace mode, a trace exception occurs on
completion of each instruction.
Trace mode is canceled by clearing the T bit in EXR to 0. It is not affected by interrupt masking.
Table 4.3 shows the state of CCR and EXR after execution of trace exception handling.
Interrupts are accepted even within the trace exception handling routine.
The T bit saved on the stack retains its value of 1, and when control is returned from the trace
exception handling routine by the RTE instruction, trace mode resumes.
Trace exception handling is not carried out after execution of the RTE instruction.
Table 4.3
Status of CCR and EXR after Trace Exception Handling
CCR
EXR
Interrupt Control Mode
I
UI
I2 to I0
T
0
*
*
*
*
2
1
—
—
0
Legend:
1: Set to 1
0: Cleared to 0
—: Retains value prior to execution.
*:
Trace exception handling cannot be used.
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Section 4 Exception Handling
4.4
Interrupts
Interrupt exception handling can be requested by seven external sources (NMI, IRQ5 to IRQ0) and
internal sources (43 sources in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645, and 47 sources in the
H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647) in the on-chip supporting modules. Figure 4.4 classifies
the interrupt sources and the number of interrupts of each type.
The on-chip supporting modules that can request interrupts include the watchdog timer (WDT),
16-bit timer pulse unit (TPU), serial communication interface (SCI), data transfer controller
(DTC), PC break controller (PBC), A/D converter, controller area network (HCAN), and motor
control PWM timer. Each interrupt source has a separate vector address.
NMI is the highest-priority interrupt. Interrupts are controlled by the interrupt controller. The
interrupt controller has two interrupt control modes and can assign interrupts other than NMI to
eight priority/mask levels to enable multiplexed interrupt control.
For details of interrupts, see section 5, Interrupt Controller.
External
interrupts
Interrupts
Internal
interrupts
NMI (1)
IRQ5 to IRQ0 (6)
WDT* (2)
TPU (26)
SCI (8): H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645
SCI (12): H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647
DTC (1)
PBC (1)
A/D converter (1)
PWM (2)
HCAN (2)
Notes: Numbers in parentheses are the numbers of interrupt sources.
* When the watchdog timer is used as an interval timer, it generates an interrupt
request at each counter overflow.
Figure 4.4 Interrupt Sources and Number of Interrupts
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Section 4 Exception Handling
4.5
Trap Instruction
Trap instruction exception handling starts when a TRAPA instruction is executed. Trap instruction
exception handling can be executed at all times in the program execution state.
The TRAPA instruction fetches a start address from a vector table entry corresponding to a vector
number from 0 to 3, as specified in the instruction code.
Table 4.4 shows the status of CCR and EXR after execution of trap instruction exception handling.
Table 4.4
Status of CCR and EXR after Trap Instruction Exception Handling
CCR
EXR
Interrupt Control Mode
I
UI
I2 to I0
T
0
1
—
—
—
2
1
—
—
0
Legend:
1: Set to 1
0: Cleared to 0
—: Retains value prior to execution.
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Section 4 Exception Handling
4.6
Stack Status after Exception Handling
Figure 4.5 shows the stack after completion of trap instruction exception handling and interrupt
exception handling.
SP
SP
CCR
CCR*
PC
(16 bits)
(a) Interrupt control mode 0
EXR
Reserved*
CCR
CCR*
PC
(16 bits)
(b) Interrupt control mode 2
Note: * Ignored on return.
Figure 4.5 (1) Stack Status after Exception Handling (Normal Mode: Not Available in the
H8S/2646 Group)
SP
SP
CCR
EXR
Reserved*
CCR
PC
(24 bits)
PC
(24 bits)
(a) Interrupt control mode 0
(b) Interrupt control mode 2
Note: * Ignored on return.
Figure 4.5 (2) Stack Status after Exception Handling (Advanced Mode)
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Section 4 Exception Handling
4.7
Notes on Use of the Stack
When accessing word data or longword data, the H8S/2646 Group assumes that the lowest address
bit is 0. The stack should always be accessed by word transfer instruction or longword transfer
instruction, and the value of the stack pointer (SP, ER7) should always be kept even. Use the
following instructions to save registers:
PUSH.W
Rn
(or MOV.W Rn, @-SP)
PUSH.L
ERn
(or MOV.L ERn, @-SP)
Use the following instructions to restore registers:
POP.W
Rn
(or MOV.W @SP+, Rn)
POP.L
ERn
(or MOV.L @SP+, ERn)
Setting SP to an odd value may lead to a malfunction. Figure 4.6 shows an example of what
happens when the SP value is odd.
CCR
SP
R1L
SP
PC
PC
SP
H'FFFEFA
H'FFFEFB
H'FFFEFC
H'FFFEFD
H'FFFEFF
TRAPA instruction executed
SP set to H'FFFEFF
MOV.B R1L, @–ER7
Data saved above SP
Contents of CCR lost
Legend:
CCR: Condition code register
PC: Program counter
R1L: General register R1L
SP: Stack pointer
Note: This diagram illustrates an example in which the interrupt control mode is 0,
in advanced mode.
Figure 4.6 Operation when SP Value is Odd
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Section 4 Exception Handling
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.1
Overview
5.1.1
Features
The H8S/2646 Group controls interrupts by means of an interrupt controller. The interrupt
controller has the following features:
• Two interrupt control modes
 Any of two interrupt control modes can be set by means of the INTM1 and INTM0 bits in
the system control register (SYSCR).
• Priorities settable with IPR
 An interrupt priority register (IPR) is provided for setting interrupt priorities. Eight priority
levels can be set for each module for all interrupts except NMI.
 NMI is assigned the highest priority level of 8, and can be accepted at all times.
• Independent vector addresses
 All interrupt sources are assigned independent vector addresses, making it unnecessary for
the source to be identified in the interrupt handling routine.
• Seven external interrupts
 NMI is the highest-priority interrupt, and is accepted at all times. Rising edge or falling
edge can be selected for NMI.
 Falling edge, rising edge, or both edge detection, or level sensing, can be selected for IRQ5
to IRQ0.
• DTC control
 DTC activation is performed by means of interrupts.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.1.2
Block Diagram
A block diagram of the interrupt controller is shown in figure 5.1.
CPU
INTM1, INTM0
SYSCR
NMIEG
NMI input
NMI input unit
IRQ input
IRQ input unit
ISR
ISCR
IER
Interrupt
request
Vector
number
Priority
determination
I
Internal interrupt
request
SWDTEND to
RM0
I2 to I0
IPR
Interrupt controller
Legend:
ISCR
IER
ISR
IPR
SYSCR
: IRQ sense control register
: IRQ enable register
: IRQ status register
: Interrupt priority register
: System control register
Figure 5.1 Block Diagram of Interrupt Controller
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CCR
EXR
Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 5.1 summarizes the pins of the interrupt controller.
Table 5.1
Interrupt Controller Pins
Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
Nonmaskable interrupt
NMI
Input
Nonmaskable external interrupt; rising or
falling edge can be selected
External interrupt
requests 5 to 0
IRQ5 to IRQ0 Input
5.1.4
Maskable external interrupts; rising, falling, or
both edges, or level sensing, can be selected
Register Configuration
Table 5.2 summarizes the registers of the interrupt controller.
Table 5.2
Interrupt Controller Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
System control register
SYSCR
R/W
H'01
H'FDE5
IRQ sense control register H
ISCRH
R/W
H'00
H'FE12
IRQ sense control register L
ISCRL
R/W
H'00
H'FE13
IRQ enable register
IER
R/W
H'00
H'FE14
IRQ status register
ISR
R/(W)*2
H'00
H'FE15
Interrupt priority register A
IPRA
R/W
H'77
H'FEC0
Interrupt priority register B
IPRB
R/W
H'77
H'FEC1
Interrupt priority register C
IPRC
R/W
H'77
H'FEC2
Interrupt priority register D
IPRD
R/W
H'77
H'FEC3
Interrupt priority register E
IPRE
R/W
H'77
H'FEC4
Interrupt priority register F
IPRF
R/W
H'77
H'FEC5
Interrupt priority register G
IPRG
R/W
H'77
H'FEC6
Interrupt priority register H
IPRH
R/W
H'77
H'FEC7
Interrupt priority register J
IPRJ
R/W
H'77
H'FEC9
Interrupt priority register K
IPRK
R/W
H'77
H'FECA
Interrupt priority register M
IPRM
R/W
H'77
H'FECC
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.2
Register Descriptions
5.2.1
System Control Register (SYSCR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MACS
—
INTM1
INTM0
NMIEG
—
—
RAME
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
SYSCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the interrupt control mode, and the
detected edge for NMI.
Only bits 5 to 3 are described here; for details of the other bits, see section 3.2.2, System Control
Register (SYSCR).
SYSCR is initialized to H'01 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. SYSCR is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bits 5 and 4—Interrupt Control Mode 1 and 0 (INTM1, INTM0): These bits select one of two
interrupt control modes for the interrupt controller.
Bit 5
INTM1
Bit 4
INTM0
Interrupt
Control Mode
Description
0
0
0
Interrupts are controlled by I bit
1
—
Setting prohibited
0
2
Interrupts are controlled by bits I2 to I0, and IPR
1
—
Setting prohibited
1
(Initial value)
Bit 3—NMI Edge Select (NMIEG): Selects the input edge for the NMI pin.
Bit 3
NMIEG
Description
0
Interrupt request generated at falling edge of NMI input
1
Interrupt request generated at rising edge of NMI input
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(Initial value)
Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.2.2
Bit
Interrupt Priority Registers A to H, J, K, M (IPRA to IPRH, IPRJ, IPRK, IPRM)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
IPR6
IPR5
IPR4
—
IPR2
IPR1
IPR0
Initial value :
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
The IPR registers are eleven 8-bit readable/writable registers that set priorities (level 7 to 0) for
interrupts other than NMI.
The correspondence between IPR settings and interrupt sources is shown in table 5.3.
The IPR registers set a priority (level 7 to 0) for each interrupt source other than NMI.
The IPR registers are initialized to H'77 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bits 7 and 3—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Table 5.3
Correspondence between Interrupt Sources and IPR Settings
Bits
Register
6 to 4
2 to 0
IPRA
IRQ0
IRQ1
IPRB
IRQ2
IRQ4
IRQ5
IPRC
IRQ3
—*1
IPRD
Watchdog timer 0
DTC
—*1
IPRE
PC break
A/D converter, Watchdog timer 1
IPRF
TPU channel 0
TPU channel 1
IPRG
TPU channel 2
TPU channel 3
IPRH
TPU channel 5
IPRJ
TPU channel 4
—*1
IPRK
SCI channel 1
SCI channel 2 (H8S/2648R)*2
IPRM
PWM channel 1, 2
HCAN
SCI channel 0
Notes: 1. Reserved. These bits are always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
2. In the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645 these are reserved bits that are always
read as 1 and should only be written with H'7. In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and
H8S/2647 these are the IPR bits for SCI channel 2.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
As shown in table 5.3, multiple interrupts are assigned to one IPR. Setting a value in the range
from H'0 to H'7 in the 3-bit groups of bits 6 to 4 and 2 to 0 sets the priority of the corresponding
interrupt. The lowest priority level, level 0, is assigned by setting H'0, and the highest priority
level, level 7, by setting H'7.
When interrupt requests are generated, the highest-priority interrupt according to the priority
levels set in the IPR registers is selected. This interrupt level is then compared with the interrupt
mask level set by the interrupt mask bits (I2 to I0) in the extend register (EXR) in the CPU, and if
the priority level of the interrupt is higher than the set mask level, an interrupt request is issued to
the CPU.
5.2.3
Bit
IRQ Enable Register (IER)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
IRQ5E
IRQ4E
IRQ3E
IRQ2E
IRQ1E
IRQ0E
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
IER is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls enabling and disabling of interrupt requests
IRQ5 to IRQ0.
IER is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0, and should only be written with 0.
Bits 5 to 0—IRQ5 to IRQ0 Enable (IRQ5E to IRQ0E): These bits select whether IRQ5 to
IRQ0 are enabled or disabled.
Bit n
IRQnE
Description
0
IRQn interrupts disabled
1
IRQn interrupts enabled
(Initial value)
(n = 5 to 0)
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.2.4
IRQ Sense Control Registers H and L (ISCRH, ISCRL)
ISCRH
Bit
15
14
13
12
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
:
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
:
Initial value :
R/W
11
10
9
8
IRQ5SCB IRQ5SCA IRQ4SCB IRQ4SCA
ISCRL
Bit
IRQ3SCB IRQ3SCA IRQ2SCB IRQ2SCA IRQ1SCB IRQ1SCA IRQ0SCB IRQ0SCA
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
The ISCR registers are 16-bit readable/writable registers that select rising edge, falling edge, or
both edge detection, or level sensing, for the input at pins IRQ5 to IRQ0.
The ISCR registers are initialized to H'0000 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bits 15 to 12—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0, and should only be written with 0.
Bits 11 to 0: IRQ5 Sense Control A and B (IRQ5SCA, IRQ5SCB) to IRQ0 Sense Control A and
B (IRQ0SCA, IRQ0SCB)
Bits 11 to 0
IRQ5SCB to
IRQ0SCB
IRQ5SCA to
IRQ0SCA
0
0
Interrupt request generated at IRQ5 to IRQ0 input low level
(initial value)
1
Interrupt request generated at falling edge of IRQ5 to IRQ0 input
0
Interrupt request generated at rising edge of IRQ5 to IRQ0 input
1
Interrupt request generated at both falling and rising edges of
IRQ5 to IRQ0 input
1
Description
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.2.5
IRQ Status Register (ISR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
IRQ5F
IRQ4F
IRQ3F
IRQ2F
IRQ1F
IRQ0F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
Note: * Only 0 can be written, to clear the flag.
ISR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that indicates the status of IRQ5 to IRQ0 interrupt
requests.
ISR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
They are not initialized in software standby mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0.
Bits 5 to 0—IRQ5 to IRQ0 flags (IRQ5F to IRQ0F): These bits indicate the status of IRQ5 to
IRQ0 interrupt requests.
Bit n
IRQnF
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
(Initial value)
•
Cleared by reading IRQnF flag when IRQnF = 1, then writing 0 to IRQnF flag
•
When interrupt exception handling is executed when low-level detection is set
(IRQnSCB = IRQnSCA = 0) and IRQn input is high
•
When IRQn interrupt exception handling is executed when falling, rising, or bothedge detection is set (IRQnSCB = 1 or IRQnSCA = 1)
•
When the DTC is activated by an IRQn interrupt, and the DISEL bit in MRB of the
DTC is cleared to 0
[Setting conditions]
•
When IRQn input goes low when low-level detection is set (IRQnSCB = IRQnSCA =
0)
•
When a falling edge occurs in IRQn input when falling edge detection is set
(IRQnSCB = 0, IRQnSCA = 1)
•
When a rising edge occurs in IRQn input when rising edge detection is set
(IRQnSCB = 1, IRQnSCA = 0)
•
When a falling or rising edge occurs in IRQn input when both-edge detection is set
(IRQnSCB = IRQnSCA = 1)
(n = 5 to 0)
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.3
Interrupt Sources
Interrupt sources comprise external interrupts (NMI and IRQ5 to IRQ0) and internal interrupts*.
Note: * 47 sources in the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
43 sources in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
5.3.1
External Interrupts
There are seven external interrupts: NMI and IRQ5 to IRQ0. Of these, NMI and IRQ5 to IRQ0
can be used to restore the H8S/2646 Group from software standby mode.
NMI Interrupt: NMI is the highest-priority interrupt, and is always accepted by the CPU
regardless of the interrupt control mode or the status of the CPU interrupt mask bits. The NMIEG
bit in SYSCR can be used to select whether an interrupt is requested at a rising edge or a falling
edge on the NMI pin.
The vector number for NMI interrupt exception handling is 7.
IRQ5 to IRQ0 Interrupts: Interrupts IRQ5 to IRQ0 are requested by an input signal at pins IRQ5
to IRQ0. Interrupts IRQ5 to IRQ0 have the following features:
• Using ISCR, it is possible to select whether an interrupt is generated by a low level, falling
edge, rising edge, or both edges, at pins IRQ5 to IRQ0.
• Enabling or disabling of interrupt requests IRQ5 to IRQ0 can be selected with IER.
• The interrupt priority level can be set with IPR.
• The status of interrupt requests IRQ5 to IRQ0 is indicated in ISR. ISR flags can be cleared to 0
by software.
A block diagram of interrupts IRQ5 to IRQ0 is shown in figure 5.2.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
IRQnE
IRQnSCA, IRQnSCB
IRQnF
Edge/level
detection circuit
IRQn interrupt
S
Q
request
R
IRQn input
Clear signal
Note: n = 5 to 0
Figure 5.2 Block Diagram of Interrupts IRQ5 to IRQ0
Figure 5.3 shows the timing of setting IRQnF.
φ
IRQn
input pin
IRQnF
Figure 5.3 Timing of Setting IRQnF
The vector numbers for IRQ5 to IRQ0 interrupt exception handling are 21 to 16.
Detection of IRQ5 to IRQ0 interrupts does not depend on whether the relevant pin has been set for
input or output. However, when a pin is used as an external interrupt input pin, do not clear the
corresponding DDR to 0 and use the pin as an I/O pin for another function.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.3.2
Internal Interrupts
There are 47 sources in the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647 and 43 sources in the
H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645 for internal interrupts from on-chip supporting modules.
• For each on-chip supporting module there are flags that indicate the interrupt request status,
and enable bits that select enabling or disabling of these interrupts. If both of these are set to 1
for a particular interrupt source, an interrupt request is issued to the interrupt controller.
• The interrupt priority level can be set by means of IPR.
• The DTC can be activated by a TPU, SCI, or other interrupt request. When the DTC is
activated by an interrupt, the interrupt control mode and interrupt mask bits are not affected.
5.3.3
Interrupt Exception Handling Vector Table
Table 5.4 shows interrupt exception handling sources, vector addresses, and interrupt priorities.
For default priorities, the lower the vector number, the higher the priority.
Priorities among modules can be set by means of the IPR. The situation when two or more
modules are set to the same priority, and priorities within a module, are fixed as shown in
table 5.4.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Table 5.4
Interrupt Sources, Vector Addresses, and Interrupt Priorities
Interrupt Source
NMI
IRQ0
Origin of
Interrupt
Source
External
pin
Vector
1
Address*
Vector
Number
Advanced
Mode
7
H'001C
IPR
High
16
H'0040
IPRA6 to 4
IRQ1
17
H'0044
IPRA2 to 0
IRQ2
IRQ3
18
19
H'0048
H'004C
IPRB6 to 4
IRQ4
IRQ5
20
21
H'0050
H'0054
IPRB2 to 0
Reserved for system use
—
22
23
H'0058
H'005C
—
SWDTEND (software activation
interrupt end)
DTC
24
H'0060
IPRC2 to 0
WOVI0 (interval timer)
Watchdog
timer 0
25
H'0064
IPRD6 to 4
Reserved for system use
—
26
H'0068
—
PC break
PC break
controller
27
H'006C
IPRE6 to 4
ADI (A/D conversion end)
A/D
28
H'0070
IPRE2 to 0
WOVI1 (interval timer)
Watchdog
timer 1
29
H'0074
Reserved for system use
—
30
31
H'0078
H'007C
TGI0A (TGR0A input
capture/compare match)
TPU
channel 0
32
H'0080
TGI0B (TGR0B input
capture/compare match)
33
H'0084
TGI0C (TGR0C input
capture/compare match)
34
H'0088
TGI0D (TGR0D input
capture/compare match)
35
H'008C
TCI0V (overflow 0)
36
H'0090
37
to
39
H'0094
to
H'009C
Reserved for system use
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 110 of 1136
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Priority
IPRF6 to 4
Low
Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Interrupt Source
Origin of
Interrupt
Source
TGI1A (TGR1A input
capture/compare match)
TPU
channel 1
Vector
1
Address*
Vector
Number
Advanced
Mode
IPR
Priority
40
H'00A0
IPRF2 to 0
High
TGI1B (TGR1B input
capture/compare match)
41
H'00A4
TCI1V (overflow 1)
42
H'00A8
43
H'00AC
44
H'00B0
TGI2B (TGR2B input
capture/compare match)
45
H'00B4
TCI2V (overflow 2)
46
H'00B8
TCI2U (underflow 2)
47
H'00BC
48
H'00C0
TGI3B (TGR3B input
capture/compare match)
49
H'00C4
TGI3C (TGR3C input
capture/compare match)
50
H'00C8
TGI3D (TGR3D input
capture/compare match)
51
H'00CC
TCI3V (overflow 3)
52
H'00D0
TCI1U (underflow 1)
TGI2A (TGR2A input
capture/compare match)
TGI3A (TGR3A input
capture/compare match)
TPU
channel 2
TPU
channel 3
Reserved for system use
—
53
to
55
H'00D4
to
H'00DC
TGI4A (TGR4A input
capture/compare match)
TPU
channel 4
56
H'00E0
TGI4B (TGR4B input
capture/compare match)
57
H'00E4
TCI4V (overflow 4)
58
H'00E8
59
H'00EC
60
H'00F0
61
H'00F4
TCI4U (underflow 4)
TGI5A (TGR5A input
capture/compare match)
TGI5B (TGR5B input
capture/compare match)
TPU
channel 5
TCI5V (overflow 5)
62
H'00F8
TCI5U (underflow 5)
63
H'00FC
IPRG6 to 4
IPRG2 to 0
IPRH6 to 4
IPRH2 to 0
Low
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Interrupt Source
Origin of
Interrupt
Source
Reserved for system use
ERI0 (receive error 0)
RXI0 (reception completed 0)
Vector
1
Address*
Vector
Number
Advanced
Mode
—
64
to
79
SCI
channel 0
IPR
Priority
H'0100
to
H'013C
—
High
80
H'0140
IPRJ2 to 0
81
H'0144
TXI0 (transmit data empty 0)
82
H'0148
TEI0 (transmission end 0)
83
H'014C
84
H'0150
ERI1 (receive error 1)
RXI1 (reception completed 1)
SCI
channel 1
TXI1 (transmit data empty 1)
TEI1 (transmission end 1)
ERI2 (receive error 2)
RXI2 (reception completed 2)
85
H'0154
86
H'0158
87
H'015C
88
SCI
channel 2*2 89
H'0160
H'0164
90
H'0168
TXI2 (transmit data empty 2)
TEI2 (transmission end 2)
IPRK6 to 4
IPRK2 to 0
91
H'016C
Reserved for system use
—
92
to
103
H'0170
to
H'019C
—
CMI1 (PWCYR1 compare match)
PWM
104
H'01A0
IPRM6 to 4
CMI2 (PWCYR2 compare match)
105
H'01A4
Reserved for system use
—
106
107
H'01A8
H'01AC
ERS0, OVR0, RM1, SLE0,
RM0 (mailbox 0 reception)
HCAN
108
109
H'01B0
H'01B4
Reserved for system use
—
110
111
H'01B8
H'01BC
Reserved for system use
—
112
to
123
H'01C0
to
H'01FC
IPRM2 to 0
—
Low
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the start address.
2. These vectors are used in the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647. They are
reserved in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.4
Interrupt Operation
5.4.1
Interrupt Control Modes and Interrupt Operation
Interrupt operations in the H8S/2646 Group differ depending on the interrupt control mode.
NMI interrupts are accepted at all times except in the reset state and the hardware standby state. In
the case of IRQ interrupts and on-chip supporting module interrupts, an enable bit is provided for
each interrupt. Clearing an enable bit to 0 disables the corresponding interrupt request. Interrupt
sources for which the enable bits are set to 1 are controlled by the interrupt controller.
Table 5.5 shows the interrupt control modes.
The interrupt controller performs interrupt control according to the interrupt control mode set by
the INTM1 and INTM0 bits in SYSCR, the priorities set in IPR, and the masking state indicated
by the I bit in the CPU’s CCR, and bits I2 to I0 in EXR.
Table 5.5
Interrupt Control Modes
SYSCR
Interrupt
Control Mode INTM1 INTM0
Priority Setting
Registers
Interrupt
Mask Bits
0
0
—
I
Interrupt mask control is
performed by the I bit.
1
—
—
Setting prohibited
0
IPR
I2 to I0
8-level interrupt mask control
is performed by bits I2 to I0.
8 priority levels can be set with
IPR.
1
—
—
Setting prohibited
0
—
2
—
1
Description
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Figure 5.4 shows a block diagram of the priority decision circuit.
Interrupt
control
mode 0
I
Interrupt
acceptance
control
Default priority
determination
Interrupt source
Vector number
8-level
mask control
IPR
I2 to I0
Interrupt control mode 2
Figure 5.4 Block Diagram of Interrupt Control Operation
Interrupt Acceptance Control: In interrupt control mode 0, interrupt acceptance is controlled by
the I bit in CCR.
Table 5.6 shows the interrupts selected in each interrupt control mode.
Table 5.6
Interrupts Selected in Each Interrupt Control Mode (1)
Interrupt Mask Bits
Interrupt Control Mode
I
Selected Interrupts
0
0
All interrupts
1
NMI interrupts
*
All interrupts
2
Legend:
*: Don't care
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
8-Level Control: In interrupt control mode 2, 8-level mask level determination is performed for
the selected interrupts in interrupt acceptance control according to the interrupt priority level
(IPR).
The interrupt source selected is the interrupt with the highest priority level, and whose priority
level set in IPR is higher than the mask level.
Table 5.7
Interrupts Selected in Each Interrupt Control Mode (2)
Interrupt Control Mode
Selected Interrupts
0
All interrupts
2
Highest-priority-level (IPR) interrupt whose priority level is greater
than the mask level (IPR > I2 to I0).
Default Priority Determination: When an interrupt is selected by 8-level control, its priority is
determined and a vector number is generated.
If the same value is set for IPR, acceptance of multiple interrupts is enabled, and so only the
interrupt source with the highest priority according to the preset default priorities is selected and
has a vector number generated.
Interrupt sources with a lower priority than the accepted interrupt source are held pending.
Table 5.8 shows operations and control signal functions in each interrupt control mode.
Table 5.8
Operations and Control Signal Functions in Each Interrupt Control Mode
Interrupt Acceptance
Control
Interrupt
Control
Mode
INTM1
INTM0
I
0
0
0
2
1
0
IM
—*1
Setting
X
8-Level Control
X
Default Priority
Determination
T
(Trace)
I2 to I0
IPR
—
—*2
—
IM
PR
T
Legend:
: Interrupt operation control performed
X : No operation. (All interrupts enabled)
IM : Used as interrupt mask bit
PR : Sets priority.
— : Not used.
Notes: 1. Set to 1 when interrupt is accepted.
2. Keep the initial setting.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.4.2
Interrupt Control Mode 0
Enabling and disabling of IRQ interrupts and on-chip supporting module interrupts can be set by
means of the I bit in the CPU’s CCR. Interrupts are enabled when the I bit is cleared to 0, and
disabled when set to 1.
Figure 5.5 shows a flowchart of the interrupt acceptance operation in this case.
[1] If an interrupt source occurs when the corresponding interrupt enable bit is set to 1, an
interrupt request is sent to the interrupt controller.
[2] The I bit is then referenced. If the I bit is cleared to 0, the interrupt request is accepted. If the I
bit is set to 1, only an NMI interrupt is accepted, and other interrupt requests are held pending.
[3] Interrupt requests are sent to the interrupt controller, the highest-ranked interrupt according to
the priority system is accepted, and other interrupt requests are held pending.
[4] When an interrupt request is accepted, interrupt exception handling starts after execution of the
current instruction has been completed.
[5] The PC and CCR are saved to the stack area by interrupt exception handling. The PC saved on
the stack shows the address of the first instruction to be executed after returning from the
interrupt handling routine.
[6] Next, the I bit in CCR is set to 1. This masks all interrupts except NMI.
[7] A vector address is generated for the accepted interrupt, and execution of the interrupt
handling routine starts at the address indicated by the contents of that vector address.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Program execution status
No
Interrupt generated?
Yes
Yes
NMI
No
No
I=0
Hold pending
Yes
IRQ0
Yes
No
No
IRQ1
Yes
HCAN
Yes
Save PC and CCR
I←1
Read vector address
Branch to interrupt handling routine
Figure 5.5 Flowchart of Procedure Up to Interrupt Acceptance in
Interrupt Control Mode 0
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.4.3
Interrupt Control Mode 2
Eight-level masking is implemented for IRQ interrupts and on-chip supporting module interrupts
by comparing the interrupt mask level set by bits I2 to I0 of EXR in the CPU with IPR.
Figure 5.6 shows a flowchart of the interrupt acceptance operation in this case.
[1] If an interrupt source occurs when the corresponding interrupt enable bit is set to 1, an
interrupt request is sent to the interrupt controller.
[2] When interrupt requests are sent to the interrupt controller, the interrupt with the highest
priority according to the interrupt priority levels set in IPR is selected, and lower-priority
interrupt requests are held pending. If a number of interrupt requests with the same priority are
generated at the same time, the interrupt request with the highest priority according to the
priority system shown in table 5.4 is selected.
[3] Next, the priority of the selected interrupt request is compared with the interrupt mask level set
in EXR. An interrupt request with a priority no higher than the mask level set at that time is
held pending, and only an interrupt request with a priority higher than the interrupt mask level
is accepted.
[4] When an interrupt request is accepted, interrupt exception handling starts after execution of the
current instruction has been completed.
[5] The PC, CCR, and EXR are saved to the stack area by interrupt exception handling. The PC
saved on the stack shows the address of the first instruction to be executed after returning from
the interrupt handling routine.
[6] The T bit in EXR is cleared to 0. The interrupt mask level is rewritten with the priority level of
the accepted interrupt.
If the accepted interrupt is NMI, the interrupt mask level is set to H'7.
[7] A vector address is generated for the accepted interrupt, and execution of the interrupt
handling routine starts at the address indicated by the contents of that vector address.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Program execution status
Interrupt generated?
No
Yes
Yes
NMI
No
Level 7 interrupt?
No
Yes
Mask level 6
or below?
Yes
No
Level 6 interrupt?
No
Yes
Level 1 interrupt?
No
Mask level 5
or below?
No
Yes
Yes
Mask level 0?
No
Yes
Save PC, CCR, and EXR
Hold pending
Clear T bit to 0
Update mask level
Read vector address
Branch to interrupt handling routine
Figure 5.6 Flowchart of Procedure Up to Interrupt Acceptance in
Interrupt Control Mode 2
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(1)
(2)
(4)
(3)
Internal
operation
Instruction prefetch address (Not executed.
This is the contents of the saved PC, the return address.)
(2) (4) Instruction code (Not executed.)
(3)
Instruction prefetch address (Not executed.)
(5)
SP-2
(7)
SP-4
(1)
Internal
data us
Internal
write signal
Internal
read signal
Internal
address bus
Interrupt
request signal
φ
Instruction
prefetch
(5)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Vector fetch
(12)
(11)
Internal
operation
(14)
(13)
Interrupt service
routine instruction
prefetch
(6) (8)
Saved PC and saved CCR
(9) (11) Vector address
(10) (12) Interrupt handling routine start address (vector
address contents)
(13)
Interrupt handling routine start address ((13) = (10) (12))
(14)
First instruction of interrupt handling routine
(6)
Stack
5.4.4
Interrupt level determination
Wait for end of instruction
Interrupt
acceptance
Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Interrupt Exception Handling Sequence
Figure 5.7 shows the interrupt exception handling sequence. The example shown is for the case
where interrupt control mode 0 is set in advanced mode, and the program area and stack area are
in on-chip memory.
Figure 5.7 Interrupt Exception Handling
Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.4.5
Interrupt Response Times
The H8S/2646 Group is capable of fast word transfer instruction to on-chip memory, and the
program area is provided in on-chip ROM and the stack area in on-chip RAM, enabling highspeed processing.
Table 5.9 shows interrupt response times - the interval between generation of an interrupt request
and execution of the first instruction in the interrupt handling routine. The execution status
symbols used in table 5.9 are explained in table 5.10.
Table 5.9
Interrupt Response Times
Normal Mode*5
Advanced Mode
No.
Execution Status
INTM1 = 0
INTM1 = 1
INTM1 = 0
INTM1 = 1
1
Interrupt priority determination*1
3
3
3
3
2
Number of wait states until executing 1 to
2
instruction ends*
(19+2·SI)
1 to
(19+2·SI)
1 to
(19+2·SI)
1 to
(19+2·SI)
3
PC, CCR, EXR stack save
2·SK
3·SK
2·SK
3·SK
4
Vector fetch
SI
SI
2·SI
2·SI
5
Instruction fetch*3
2·SI
2·SI
2·SI
2·SI
6
Internal processing*4
2
2
2
2
11 to 31
12 to 32
12 to 32
13 to 33
Total (using on-chip memory)
Notes: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Two states in case of internal interrupt.
Refers to MULXS and DIVXS instructions.
Prefetch after interrupt acceptance and interrupt handling routine prefetch.
Internal processing after interrupt acceptance and internal processing after vector fetch.
Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Table 5.10 Number of States in Interrupt Handling Routine Execution Statuses
Object of Access
External Device
8-Bit Bus
Symbol
Instruction fetch
SI
Branch address read
SJ
Stack manipulation
SK
16-Bit Bus
Internal
Memory
2-State
Access
3-State
Access
2-State
Access
3-State
Access
1
4
6+2m
2
3+m
Legend:
m: Number of wait states in an external device access.
5.5
Usage Notes
5.5.1
Contention between Interrupt Generation and Disabling
When an interrupt enable bit is cleared to 0 to disable interrupts, the disabling becomes effective
after execution of the instruction.
In other words, when an interrupt enable bit is cleared to 0 by an instruction such as BCLR or
MOV, if an interrupt is generated during execution of the instruction, the interrupt concerned will
still be enabled on completion of the instruction, and so interrupt exception handling for that
interrupt will be executed on completion of the instruction. However, if there is an interrupt
request of higher priority than that interrupt, interrupt exception handling will be executed for the
higher-priority interrupt, and the lower-priority interrupt will be ignored.
The same also applies when an interrupt source flag is cleared to 0.
Figure 5.8 shows an example in which the TCIEV bit in the TPU’s TIER0 register is cleared to 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 122 of 1136
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
TIER0 write cycle by CPU
TCIV exception handling
φ
Internal
address bus
TIER0 address
Internal
write signal
TCIEV
TCFV
TCIV
interrupt signal
Figure 5.8 Contention between Interrupt Generation and Disabling
The above contention will not occur if an enable bit or interrupt source flag is cleared to 0 while
the interrupt is masked.
5.5.2
Instructions that Disable Interrupts
Instructions that disable interrupts are LDC, ANDC, ORC, and XORC. After any of these
instructions is executed, all interrupts including NMI are disabled and the next instruction is
always executed. When the I bit is set by one of these instructions, the new value becomes valid
two states after execution of the instruction ends.
5.5.3
Times when Interrupts are Disabled
There are times when interrupt acceptance is disabled by the interrupt controller.
The interrupt controller disables interrupt acceptance for a 3-state period after the CPU has
updated the mask level with an LDC, ANDC, ORC, or XORC instruction.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.5.4
Interrupts during Execution of EEPMOV Instruction
Interrupt operation differs between the EEPMOV.B instruction and the EEPMOV.W instruction.
With the EEPMOV.B instruction, an interrupt request (including NMI) issued during the transfer
is not accepted until the move is completed.
With the EEPMOV.W instruction, if an interrupt request is issued during the transfer, interrupt
exception handling starts at a break in the transfer cycle. The PC value saved on the stack in this
case is the address of the next instruction.
Therefore, if an interrupt is generated during execution of an EEPMOV.W instruction, the
following coding should be used.
L1:
5.5.5
EEPMOV.W
MOV.W
R4,R4
BNE
L1
IRQ Interrupts
When operating by clock input, acceptance of input to an IRQ pin is synchronized with the clock.
In software standby mode, the input is accepted asynchronously. For details on the input
conditions, see section 23.4.2, Control Signal Timing.
5.6
DTC Activation by Interrupt
5.6.1
Overview
The DTC can be activated by an interrupt. In this case, the following options are available:
• Interrupt request to CPU
• Activation request to DTC
• Selection of a number of the above
For details of interrupt requests that can be used with to activate the DTC, see section 8, Data
Transfer Controller (DTC).
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
5.6.2
Block Diagram
Figure 5.9 shows a block diagram of the DTC interrupt controller.
Interrupt
request
IRQ
interrupt
On-chip
supporting
module
Interrupt source
clear signal
DTC activation
request vector
number
Selection
circuit
Select
signal
Clear signal
DTCER
Control logic
DTC
Clear signal
DTVECR
SWDTE
clear signal
Determination of
priority
CPU interrupt
request vector
number
CPU
I, I2 to I0
Interrupt controller
Figure 5.9 Interrupt Control for DTC
5.6.3
Operation
The interrupt controller has three main functions in DTC control.
Selection of Interrupt Source: Interrupt factors are selected as DTC activation request or CPU
interrupt request by the DTCE bit of DTCERA to DTCERG, and DTCERI of DTC.
By specifying the DISEL bit of the DTC’s MRB, it is possible to clear the DTCE bit to 0 after
DTC data transfer, and request a CPU interrupt.
If DTC carries out the designate number of data transfers and the transfer counter reads 0, after
DTC data transfer, the DTCE bit is also cleared to 0, and a CPU interrupt requested.
Determination of Priority: The DTC activation source is selected in accordance with the default
priority order, and is not affected by mask or priority levels. See section 8.3.3, DTC Vector Table
for the respective priority.
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Section 5 Interrupt Controller
Operation Order: If the same interrupt is selected as a DTC activation source and a CPU
interrupt source, the DTC data transfer is performed first, followed by CPU interrupt exception
handling.
Table 5.11 shows the interrupt factor clear control and selection of interrupt factors by
specification of the DTCE bit of DTCERA to DTCERG, DTCERI of DTC, and the DISEL bit of
DTC’s MRB.
Table 5.11 Interrupt Source Selection and Clearing Control
Settings
DTC
Interrupt Source Selection/Clearing Control
DTCE
DISEL
DTC
CPU
0
*
X
∆
1
0
∆
X
1
∆
Legend:
∆ : The relevant interrupt is used. Interrupt source clearing is performed.
(The CPU should clear the source flag in the interrupt handling routine.)
: The relevant interrupt is used. The interrupt source is not cleared.
X : The relevant bit cannot be used.
* : Don’t care
Notes on Use: SCI and A/D converter interrupt sources are cleared when the DTC reads or writes
to the prescribed register.
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.1
Overview
The PC break controller (PBC) provides functions that simplify program debugging. Using these
functions, it is easy to create a self-monitoring debugger, enabling programs to be debugged with
the chip alone, without using an in-circuit emulator. Four break conditions can be set in the PBC:
instruction fetch, data read, data write, and data read/write.
6.1.1
Features
The PC break controller has the following features:
• Two break channels (A and B)
• The following can be set as break compare conditions:
 24 address bits
Bit masking possible
 Bus cycle
Instruction fetch
Data access: data read, data write, data read/write
 Bus master
Either CPU or CPU/DTC can be selected
• The timing of PC break exception handling after the occurrence of a break condition is as
follows:
 Immediately before execution of the instruction fetched at the set address (instruction
fetch)
 Immediately after execution of the instruction that accesses data at the set address (data
access)
• Module stop mode can be set
 The initial setting is for PBC operation to be halted. Register access is enabled by clearing
module stop mode.
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 6.1 shows a block diagram of the PC break controller.
BARA
Mask control
Output control
BCRA
Control
logic
Comparator
Match signal
Internal address
Control
logic
Comparator
Match signal
Mask control
BARB
Output control
Access
status
PC break
interrupt
BCRB
Figure 6.1 Block Diagram of PC Break Controller
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.1.3
Register Configuration
Table 6.1 shows the PC break controller registers.
Table 6.1
PC Break Controller Registers
Initial Value
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Reset
1
Address*
Break address register A
BARA
R/W
H'XX000000
H'FE00
Break address register B
BARB
R/W
H'XX000000
H'FE04
Break control register A
BCRA
H'00
H'FE08
Break control register B
BCRB
R/(W)*
R/(W)*2
H'00
H'FE09
Module stop control register C
MSTPCRC
R/W
H'FF
H'FDEA
2
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Only a 0 may be written to this bit to clear the flag.
6.2
Register Descriptions
6.2.1
Break Address Register A (BARA)
Bit
31
•••
24
—
•••
—
Initial value Undefined
—
Read/Write
•••
•••
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA
23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
Unde- 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
fined
— R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
•••
•••
•••
•••
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA BAA
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
BARA is a 32-bit readable/writable register that specifies the channel A break address.
BAA23 to BAA0 are initialized to H'000000 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bits 31 to 24—Reserved: These bits return an undefined value if read, and cannot be modified.
Bits 23 to 0—Break Address A23 to A0 (BAA23 to BAA0): These bits hold the channel A PC
break address.
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.2.2
Break Address Register B (BARB)
BARB is the channel B break address register. The bit configuration is the same as for BARA.
6.2.3
Break Control Register A (BCRA)
Bit
7
6
CMFA
CDA
5
4
3
2
1
BAMRA2 BAMRA1 BAMRA0 CSELA1 CSELA0
0
BIEA
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Only a 0 may be written to this bit to clear the flag.
BCRA is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls channel A PC breaks. BCRA (1) selects
the break condition bus master, (2) specifies bits subject to address comparison masking, and (3)
specifies whether the break condition is applied to an instruction fetch or a data access. It also
contains a condition match flag.
BCRA is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bit 7—Condition Match Flag A (CMFA): Set to 1 when a break condition set for channel A is
satisfied. This flag is not cleared to 0.
Bit 7
CMFA
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
When 0 is written to CMFA after reading CMFA = 1
1
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When a condition set for channel A is satisfied
Bit 6—CPU Cycle/DTC Cycle Select A (CDA): Selects the channel A break condition bus
master.
Bit 6
CDA
Description
0
PC break is performed when CPU is bus master
1
PC break is performed when CPU or DTC is bus master
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(Initial value)
Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
Bits 5 to 3—Break Address Mask Register A2 to A0 (BAMRA2 to BAMRA0): These bits
specify which bits of the break address (BAA23 to BAA0) set in BARA are to be masked.
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
BAMRA2 BAMRA1 BAMRA0 Description
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
All BARA bits are unmasked and included in break conditions
(Initial value)
1
BAA0 (lowest bit) is masked, and not included in break
conditions
0
BAA1, BAA0 (lower 2 bits) are masked, and not included in
break conditions
1
BAA2 to BAA0 (lower 3 bits) are masked, and not included in
break conditions
0
BAA3 to BAA0 (lower 4 bits) are masked, and not included in
break conditions
1
BAA7 to BAA0 (lower 8 bits) are masked, and not included in
break conditions
0
BAA11 to BAA0 (lower 12 bits) are masked, and not included in
break conditions
1
BAA15 to BAA0 (lower 16 bits) are masked, and not included in
break conditions
Bits 2 and 1—Break Condition Select A (CSELA1, CSELA0): These bits selection an
instruction fetch, data read, data write, or data read/write cycle as the channel A break condition.
Bit 2
CSELA1
Bit 1
CSELA0
Description
0
0
Instruction fetch is used as break condition
1
Data read cycle is used as break condition
1
0
Data write cycle is used as break condition
1
Data read/write cycle is used as break condition
(Initial value)
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
Bit 0—Break Interrupt Enable A (BIEA): Enables or disables channel A PC break interrupts.
Bit 0
BIEA
Description
0
PC break interrupts are disabled
1
PC break interrupts are enabled
6.2.4
(Initial value)
Break Control Register B (BCRB)
BCRB is the channel B break control register. The bit configuration is the same as for BCRA.
6.2.5
Module Stop Control Register C (MSTPCRC)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPC7 MSTPC6 MSTPC5 MSTPC4 MSTPC3 MSTPC2 MSTPC1 MSTPC0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MSTPCRC is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPC4 bit is set to 1, PC break controller operation is stopped at the end of the bus
cycle, and module stop mode is entered. Register read/write accesses are not possible in module
stop mode. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRC is initialized to H'FF by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 4—Module Stop (MSTPC4): Specifies the PC break controller module stop mode.
Bit 4
MSTPC4
Description
0
PC break controller module stop mode is cleared
1
PC break controller module stop mode is set
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(Initial value)
Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.3
Operation
The operation flow from break condition setting to PC break interrupt exception handling is
shown in sections 6.3.1, PC Break Interrupt Due to Instruction Fetch, and 6.3.2, PC Break
Interrupt Due to Data Access, taking the example of channel A.
6.3.1
PC Break Interrupt Due to Instruction Fetch
1. Initial settings
 Set the break address in BARA. For a PC break caused by an instruction fetch, set the
address of the first instruction byte as the break address.
 Set the break conditions in BCRA.
BCRA bit 6 (CDA): With a PC break caused by an instruction fetch, the bus master must
be the CPU. Set 0 to select the CPU.
BCRA bits 5 to 3 (BAMA2 to BAMA0): Set the address bits to be masked.
BCRA bits 2, 1 (CSELA1, CSELA0): Set 00 to specify an instruction fetch as the break
condition.
BCRA bit 0 (BIEA): Set to 1 to enable break interrupts.
2. Satisfaction of break condition
 When the instruction at the set address is fetched, a PC break request is generated
immediately before execution of the fetched instruction, and the condition match flag
(CMFA) is set.
3. Interrupt handling
 After priority determination by the interrupt controller, PC break interrupt exception
handling is started.
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.3.2
PC Break Interrupt Due to Data Access
1. Initial settings
 Set the break address in BARA. For a PC break caused by a data access, set the target
ROM, RAM, I/O, or external address space address as the break address. Stack operations
and branch address reads are included in data accesses.
 Set the break conditions in BCRA.
BCRA bit 6 (CDA): Select the bus master.
BCRA bits 5 to 3 (BAMA2 to BAMA0): Set the address bits to be masked.
BCRA bits 2, 1 (CSELA1, CSELA0): Set 01, 10, or 11 to specify data access as the break
condition.
BCRA bit 0 (BIEA): Set to 1 to enable break interrupts.
2. Satisfaction of break condition
 After execution of the instruction that performs a data access on the set address, a PC break
request is generated and the condition match flag (CMFA) is set.
3. Interrupt handling
 After priority determination by the interrupt controller, PC break interrupt exception
handling is started.
6.3.3
Notes on PC Break Interrupt Handling
1. The PC break interrupt is shared by channels A and B. The channel from which the request
was issued must be determined by the interrupt handler.
2. The CMFA and CMFB flags are not cleared to 0, so 0 must be written to CMFA or CMFB
after first reading the flag while it is set to 1. If the flag is left set to 1, another interrupt will be
requested after interrupt handling ends.
3. A PC break interrupt generated when the DTC is the bus master is accepted after the bus has
been transferred to the CPU by the bus controller.
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.3.4
Operation in Transitions to Power-Down Modes
The operation when a PC break interrupt is set for an instruction fetch at the address after a
SLEEP instruction is shown below.
1. When the SLEEP instruction causes a transition from high-speed (medium-speed) mode to
sleep mode, or from subactive mode to subsleep mode:
After execution of the SLEEP instruction, a transition is not made to sleep mode or subsleep
mode, and PC break interrupt handling is executed. After execution of PC break interrupt
handling, the instruction at the address after the SLEEP instruction is executed (figure 6.2 (A)).
2. When the SLEEP instruction causes a transition from high-speed (medium-speed) mode to
subactive mode:
After execution of the SLEEP instruction, a transition is made to subactive mode via direct
transition exception handling. After the transition, PC break interrupt handling is executed,
then the instruction at the address after the SLEEP instruction is executed (figure 6.2 (B)).
3. When the SLEEP instruction causes a transition from subactive mode to high-speed (mediumspeed) mode:
After execution of the SLEEP instruction, and following the clock oscillation settling time, a
transition is made to high-speed (medium-speed) mode via direct transition exception
handling. After the transition, PC break interrupt handling is executed, then the instruction at
the address after the SLEEP instruction is executed (figure 6.2 (C)).
4. When the SLEEP instruction causes a transition to software standby mode or watch mode:
After execution of the SLEEP instruction, a transition is made to the respective mode, and PC
break interrupt handling is not executed. However, the CMFA or CMFB flag is set (figure 6.2
(D)).
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
SLEEP instruction
execution
SLEEP instruction
execution
SLEEP instruction
execution
SLEEP instruction
execution
PC break exception
handling
System clock
→ subclock
Subclock →
system clock,
oscillation settling time
Transition to
respective mode
Execution of instruction
after sleep instruction
Direct transition
exception handling
Direct transition
exception handling
(D)
(A)
PC break exception
handling
Subactive
mode
PC break exception
handling
Execution of instruction
after sleep instruction
Execution of instruction
after sleep instruction
(B)
(C)
High-speed
(medium-speed)
mode
Figure 6.2 Operation in Power-Down Mode Transitions
6.3.5
PC Break Operation in Continuous Data Transfer
If a PC break interrupt is generated when the following operations are being performed, exception
handling is executed on completion of the specified transfer.
1. When a PC break interrupt is generated at the transfer address of an EEPMOV.B instruction:
PC break exception handling is executed after all data transfers have been completed and the
EEPMOV.B instruction has ended.
2. When a PC break interrupt is generated at a DTC transfer address:
PC break exception handling is executed after the DTC has completed the specified number of
data transfers, or after data for which the DISEL bit is set to 1 has been transferred.
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.3.6
When Instruction Execution is Delayed by One State
Caution is required in the following cases, as instruction execution is one state later than usual.
1. When the PBC is enabled (i.e. when the break interrupt enable bit is set to 1), execution of a
one-word branch instruction (Bcc d:8, BSR, JSR, JMP, TRAPA, RTE, or RTS) located in onchip ROM or RAM is always delayed by one state.
2. When break interruption by instruction fetch is set, the set address indicates on-chip ROM or
RAM space, and that address is used for data access, the instruction that executes the data
access is one state later than in normal operation.
3. When break interruption by instruction fetch is set and a break interrupt is generated, if the
executing instruction immediately preceding the set instruction has one of the addressing
modes shown below, and that address indicates on-chip ROM or RAM, and that address is
used for data access, the instruction will be one state later than in normal operation.
@ERn, @(d:16,ERn), @(d:32,ERn), @-ERn/ERn+, @aa:8, @aa:24, @aa:32, @(d:8,PC),
@(d:16,PC), @@aa:8
4. When break interruption by instruction fetch is set and a break interrupt is generated, if the
executing instruction immediately preceding the set instruction is NOP or SLEEP, or has
#xx,Rn as its addressing mode, and that instruction is located in on-chip ROM or RAM, the
instruction will be one state later than in normal operation.
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Section 6 PC Break Controller (PBC)
6.3.7
Additional Notes
1. When a PC break is set for an instruction fetch at the address following a BSR, JSR, JMP,
TRAPA, RTE, or RTS instruction:
Even if the instruction at the address following a BSR, JSR, JMP, TRAPA, RTE, or RTS
instruction is fetched, it is not executed, and so a PC break interrupt is not generated by the
instruction fetch at the next address.
2. When the I bit is set by an LDC, ANDC, ORC, or XORC instruction, a PC break interrupt
becomes valid two states after the end of the executing instruction. If a PC break interrupt is
set for the instruction following one of these instructions, since interrupts, including NMI, are
disabled for a 3-state period in the case of LDC, ANDC, ORC, and XORC, the next instruction
is always executed. For details, see section 5, Interrupt Controller.
3. When a PC break is set for an instruction fetch at the address following a Bcc instruction:
A PC break interrupt is generated if the instruction at the next address is executed in
accordance with the branch condition, but is not generated if the instruction at the next address
is not executed.
4. When a PC break is set for an instruction fetch at the branch destination address of a Bcc
instruction:
A PC break interrupt is generated if the instruction at the branch destination is executed in
accordance with the branch condition, but is not generated if the instruction at the branch
destination is not executed.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Section 7 Bus Controller
7.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has a built-in bus controller (BSC) that manages the external address space
divided into eight areas. The bus specifications, such as bus width and number of access states,
can be set independently for each area, enabling multiple memories to be connected easily.
The bus controller also has a bus arbitration function, and controls the operation of the internal bus
masters: the CPU, and data transfer controller (DTC).
7.1.1
Features
The features of the bus controller are listed below.
• Manages external address space in area units
 Manages the external space as 8 areas of 2-Mbytes
 Bus specifications can be set independently for each area
 Burst ROM interface can be set
• Basic bus interface
 8-bit access or 16-bit access can be selected for each area
 2-state access or 3-state access can be selected for each area
 Program wait states can be inserted for each area
• Burst ROM interface
 Burst ROM interface can be set for area 0
 Choice of 1- or 2-state burst access
• Idle cycle insertion
 An idle cycle can be inserted in case of an external read cycle between different areas
 An idle cycle can be inserted in case of an external write cycle immediately after an
external read cycle
• Write buffer functions
 External write cycle and internal access can be executed in parallel
• Bus arbitration function
 Includes a bus arbiter that arbitrates bus mastership among the CPU and DTC
• Other
 External bus release function
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 7.1 shows a block diagram of the bus controller.
Internal
address bus
Area decoder
ABWCR
External bus control signals
ASTCR
BCRH
Bus
controller
Wait
controller
WAIT
Internal data bus
BCRL
Internal control
signals
Bus mode signal
WCRH
WCRL
CPU bus request signal
DTC bus request signal
Bus arbiter
CPU bus acknowledge signal
DTC bus acknowledge signal
Legend:
ABWCR
ASTCR
BCRH
BCRL
WCRH
WCRL
:
:
:
:
:
:
Bus width control register
Access state control register
Bus control register H
Bus control register L
Wait control register H
Wait control register L
Figure 7.1 Block Diagram of Bus Controller
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 7.1 summarizes the pins of the bus controller.
Table 7.1
Bus Controller Pins
Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
Address strobe
AS
Output
Strobe signal indicating that address output on address
bus is enabled.
Read
RD
Output
Strobe signal indicating that external space is being
read.
High write
HWR
Output
Strobe signal indicating that external space is to be
written, and upper half (D15 to D8) of data bus is
enabled.
Low write
LWR
Output
Strobe signal indicating that external space is to be
written, and lower half (D7 to D0) of data bus is
enabled.
Wait
WAIT
Input
Wait request signal used when accessing external
3-state access space.
7.1.4
Register Configuration
Table 7.2 summarizes the registers of the bus controller.
Table 7.2
Bus Controller Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
Bus width control register
ABWCR
R/W
H'FF/H'00*2
H'FED0
Access state control register
ASTCR
R/W
H'FF
H'FED1
Wait control register H
WCRH
R/W
H'FF
H'FED2
Wait control register L
WCRL
R/W
H'FF
H'FED3
Bus control register H
BCRH
R/W
H'D0
H'FED4
Bus control register L
BCRL
R/W
H'08
H'FED5
Pin function control register
PFCR
R/W
H'0D/H'00
H'FDEB
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Determined by the MCU operating mode.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.2
Register Descriptions
7.2.1
Bus Width Control Register (ABWCR)
Bit
:
Modes 5 to 7
Initial value :
RW
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ABW7
ABW6
ABW5
ABW4
ABW3
ABW2
ABW1
ABW0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Mode 4
Initial value :
RW
:
ABWCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that designates each area for either 8-bit access or
16-bit access.
ABWCR sets the data bus width for the external memory space. The bus width for on-chip
memory and internal I/O registers is fixed regardless of the settings in ABWCR.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, ABWCR is initialized to H'FF in modes 5, 6, 7, and
to H'00 in mode 4. It is not initialized in software standby mode.
Bits 7 to 0—Area 7 to 0 Bus Width Control (ABW7 to ABW0): These bits select whether the
corresponding area is to be designated for 8-bit access or 16-bit access.
Bit n
ABWn
Description
0
Area n is designated for 16-bit access
1
Area n is designated for 8-bit access
(n = 7 to 0)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.2.2
Bit
Access State Control Register (ASTCR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
AST7
AST6
AST5
AST4
AST3
AST2
AST1
AST0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
ASTCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that designates each area as either a 2-state access
space or a 3-state access space.
ASTCR sets the number of access states for the external memory space. The number of access
states for on-chip memory and internal I/O registers is fixed regardless of the settings in ASTCR.
ASTCR is initialized to H'FF by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bits 7 to 0—Area 7 to 0 Access State Control (AST7 to AST0): These bits select whether the
corresponding area is to be designated as a 2-state access space or a 3-state access space.
Wait state insertion is enabled or disabled at the same time.
Bit n
ASTn
Description
0
Area n is designated for 2-state access
Wait state insertion in area n external space is disabled
1
Area n is designated for 3-state access
Wait state insertion in area n external space is enabled
(Initial value)
(n = 7 to 0)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.2.3
Wait Control Registers H and L (WCRH, WCRL)
WCRH and WCRL are 8-bit readable/writable registers that select the number of program wait
states for each area.
Program waits are not inserted in the case of on-chip memory or internal I/O registers.
WCRH and WCRL are initialized to H'FF by a reset and in hardware standby mode. They are not
initialized in software standby mode.
WCRH
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
W71
W70
W61
W60
W51
W50
W41
W40
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 7 and 6—Area 7 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W71, W70): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 7 in external space is accessed while the AST7 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 7
W71
Bit 6
W70
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 7 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 7 is accessed
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 7 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 7 is accessed
(Initial value)
1
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bits 5 and 4—Area 6 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W61, W60): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 6 in external space is accessed while the AST6 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 5
W61
Bit 4
W60
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 6 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 6 is accessed
1
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 6 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 6 is accessed
(Initial value)
Bits 3 and 2—Area 5 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W51, W50): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 5 in external space is accessed while the AST5 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 3
W51
Bit 2
W50
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 5 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 5 is accessed
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 5 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 5 is accessed
(Initial value)
1
Bits 1 and 0—Area 4 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W41, W40): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 4 in external space is accessed while the AST4 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 1
W41
Bit 0
W40
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 4 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 4 is accessed
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 4 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 4 is accessed
(Initial value)
1
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Section 7 Bus Controller
WCRL
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
W31
W30
W21
W20
W11
W10
W01
W00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 7 and 6—Area 3 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W31, W30): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 3 in external space is accessed while the AST3 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 7
W31
Bit 6
W30
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 3 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 3 is accessed
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 3 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 3 is accessed
(Initial value)
1
Bits 5 and 4—Area 2 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W21, W20): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 2 in external space is accessed while the AST2 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 5
W21
Bit 4
W20
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 2 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 2 is accessed
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 2 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 2 is accessed
(Initial value)
1
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bits 3 and 2—Area 1 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W11, W10): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 1 in external space is accessed while the AST1 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 3
W11
Bit 2
W10
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 1 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 1 is accessed
1
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 1 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 1 is accessed
(Initial value)
Bits 1 and 0—Area 0 Wait Control 1 and 0 (W01, W00): These bits select the number of
program wait states when area 0 in external space is accessed while the AST0 bit in ASTCR is set
to 1.
Bit 1
W01
Bit 0
W00
Description
0
0
Program wait not inserted when external space area 0 is accessed
1
1 program wait state inserted when external space area 0 is accessed
0
2 program wait states inserted when external space area 0 is accessed
1
3 program wait states inserted when external space area 0 is accessed
(Initial value)
1
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.2.4
Bit
Bus Control Register H (BCRH)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
ICIS1
ICIS0
5
4
3
BRSTRM BRSTS1 BRSTS0
2
1
0
—
—
—
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
BCRH is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects enabling or disabling of idle cycle
insertion, and the memory interface for area 0.
BCRH is initialized to H'D0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 7—Idle Cycle Insert 1 (ICIS1): Selects whether or not one idle cycle state is to be inserted
between bus cycles when successive external read cycles are performed in different areas.
Bit 7
ICIS1
Description
0
Idle cycle not inserted in case of successive external read cycles in different areas
1
Idle cycle inserted in case of successive external read cycles in different areas
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Idle Cycle Insert 0 (ICIS0): Selects whether or not one idle cycle state is to be inserted
between bus cycles when successive external read and external write cycles are performed .
Bit 6
ICIS0
Description
0
Idle cycle not inserted in case of successive external read and external write cycles
1
Idle cycle inserted in case of successive external read and external write cycles
(Initial value)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bit 5—Burst ROM Enable (BRSTRM): Selects whether area 0 is used as a burst ROM
interface.
Bit 5
BRSTRM
Description
0
Area 0 is basic bus interface
1
Area 0 is burst ROM interface
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Burst Cycle Select 1 (BRSTS1): Selects the number of burst cycles for the burst ROM
interface.
Bit 4
BRSTS1
Description
0
Burst cycle comprises 1 state
1
Burst cycle comprises 2 states
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Burst Cycle Select 0 (BRSTS0): Selects the number of words that can be accessed in a
burst ROM interface burst access.
Bit 3
BRSTS0
Description
0
Max. 4 words in burst access
1
Max. 8 words in burst access
(Initial value)
Bits 2 to 0—Reserved: Only 0 should be written to these bits.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.2.5
Bit
Bus Control Register L (BCRL)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
WDBE
WAITE
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
BCRL is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs selection of the external bus-released
state protocol, enabling or disabling of the write data buffer function, and enabling or disabling of
wait input by WAIT pin.
BCRL is initialized to H'08 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: Only 0 should be written to these bits.
Bit 5—Reserved: It is always read as 0. Cannot be written to.
Bit 4—Reserved: Only 0 should be written to this bit.
Bit 3—Reserved: Only 1 should be written to this bit.
Bit 2—Reserved: Only 0 should be written to this bit.
Bit 1—Write Data Buffer Enable (WDBE): This bit selects whether or not to use the write
buffer function in the external write cycle.
Bit 1
WDBE
Description
0
Write data buffer function not used
1
Write data buffer function used
(Initial value)
Bit 0—WAIT Pin Enable (WAITE): Selects enabling or disabling of wait input by means of the
WAIT pin.
Bit 0
WAITE
Description
0
Wait input by WAIT pin disabled. WAIT pin can be used as I/O port.
1
Wait input by WAIT pin enabled
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(Initial value)
Section 7 Bus Controller
7.2.6
Bit
Pin Function Control Register (PFCR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
AE3
AE2
AE1
AE0
0
0
0
0
1/0
1/0
0
1/0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PFCR is an 8-bit read/write register that controls the address output in expanded mode with ROM.
PFCR is initialized to H'0D/H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It retains its previous
state in software standby mode.
Bits 7 to 4—Reserved: Only 0 should be written to these bits.
Bits 3 to 0—Address Output Enable 3 to 0 (AE3 to AE0): These bits select enabling or
disabling of address outputs A8 to A23 in ROMless expanded mode and modes with ROM. When
a pin is enabled for address output, the address is output regardless of the corresponding DDR
setting. When a pin is disabled for address output, it becomes an output port when the
corresponding DDR bit is set to 1.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bit 3
AE3
Bit 2
AE2
Bit 1
AE1
Bit 0
AE0
Description
0
0
0
0
A8 to A23 address output disabled
1
A8 address output enabled; A9 to A23 address output disabled
0
A8, A9 address output enabled; A10 to A23 address output
disabled
1
A8 to A10 address output enabled; A11 to A23 address output
disabled
0
A8 to A11 address output enabled; A12 to A23 address output
disabled
1
A8 to A12 address output enabled; A13 to A23 address output
disabled
0
A8 to A13 address output enabled; A14 to A23 address output
disabled
1
A8 to A14 address output enabled; A15 to A23 address output
disabled
0
A8 to A15 address output enabled; A16 to A23 address output
disabled
1
A8 to A16 address output enabled; A17 to A23 address output
disabled
0
A8 to A17 address output enabled; A18 to A23 address output
disabled
1
A8 to A18 address output enabled; A19 to A23 address output
disabled
0
A8 to A19 address output enabled; A20 to A23 address output
disabled
1
A8 to A20 address output enabled; A21 to A23 address output
disabled
(Initial value*)
0
A8 to A21 address output enabled; A22, A23 address output
disabled
1
A8 to A23 address output enabled
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
(Initial value*)
Note: * In expanded mode with ROM, bits AE3 to AE0 are initialized to B'0000.
In ROMless expanded mode, bits AE3 to AE0 are initialized to B'1101.
Address pins A0 to A7 are made address outputs by setting the corresponding DDR bits to
1.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.3
Overview of Bus Control
7.3.1
Area Partitioning
In advanced mode, the bus controller partitions the 16 Mbytes address space into eight areas, 0 to
7, in 2-Mbyte units, and performs bus control for external space in area units. In normal mode*, it
controls a 64-kbyte address space comprising part of area 0. Figure 7.2 shows an outline of the
memory map.
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
H'0000
H'000000
Area 0
(2 Mbytes)
H'1FFFFF
H'200000
Area 1
(2 Mbytes)
H'3FFFFF
H'400000
Area 2
(2 Mbytes)
H'FFFF
H'5FFFFF
H'600000
Area 3
(2 Mbytes)
H'7FFFFF
H'800000
Area 4
(2 Mbytes)
H'9FFFFF
H'A00000
Area 5
(2 Mbytes)
H'BFFFFF
H'C00000
Area 6
(2 Mbytes)
H'DFFFFF
H'E00000
Area 7
(2 Mbytes)
H'FFFFFF
(1)
Advanced mode
(2)
Normal mode*
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646.
Figure 7.2 Overview of Area Partitioning
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.3.2
Bus Specifications
The external space bus specifications consist of three elements: bus width, number of access
states, and number of program wait states.
The bus width and number of access states for on-chip memory and internal I/O registers are
fixed, and are not affected by the bus controller.
Bus Width: A bus width of 8 or 16 bits can be selected with ABWCR. An area for which an 8-bit
bus is selected functions as an 8-bit access space, and an area for which a 16-bit bus is selected
functions as a16-bit access space.
If all areas are designated for 8-bit access, 8-bit bus mode is set; if any area is designated for 16bit access, 16-bit bus mode is set. When the burst ROM interface is designated, 16-bit bus mode is
always set.
Number of Access States: Two or three access states can be selected with ASTCR. An area for
which 2-state access is selected functions as a 2-state access space, and an area for which 3-state
access is selected functions as a 3-state access space.
With the burst ROM interface, the number of access states may be determined without regard to
ASTCR.
When 2-state access space is designated, wait insertion is disabled.
Number of Program Wait States: When 3-state access space is designated by ASTCR, the
number of program wait states to be inserted automatically is selected with WCRH and WCRL.
From 0 to 3 program wait states can be selected.
Table 7.3 shows the bus specifications for each basic bus interface area.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Table 7.3
Bus Specifications for Each Area (Basic Bus Interface)
ABWCR
ASTCR
WCRH, WCRL
ABWn
ASTn
Wn1
Wn0
Bus Width
Access States
Program Wait
States
0
0
—
—
16
2
0
1
0
0
3
0
1
1
7.3.3
1
1
0
2
1
3
0
—
—
1
0
0
1
Bus Specifications (Basic Bus Interface)
8
2
0
3
0
1
1
0
2
1
3
Memory Interfaces
The H8S/2646 Group memory interfaces comprise a basic bus interface that allows direct
connection or ROM, SRAM, and so on, and a burst ROM interface that allows direct connection
of burst ROM. The memory interface can be selected independently for each area.
An area for which the basic bus interface is designated functions as normal space, and an area for
which the burst ROM interface is designated functions as burst ROM space.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.3.4
Interface Specifications for Each Area
The initial state of each area is basic bus interface, 3-state access space. The initial bus width is
selected according to the operating mode. The bus specifications described here cover basic items
only, and the sections on each memory interface (sections 7.4, Basic Bus Interface and 7.5, Burst
ROM Interface) should be referred to for further details.
Area 0: Area 0 includes on-chip ROM, and in ROM-disabled expansion mode, all of area 0 is
external space. In ROM-enabled expansion mode, the space excluding on-chip ROM is external
space.
Either basic bus interface or burst ROM interface can be selected for area 0.
Areas 1 to 6: In external expansion mode, all of areas 1 to 6 is external space.
Only the basic bus interface can be used for areas 1 to 6.
Area 7: Area 7 includes the on-chip RAM and internal I/O registers. In external expansion mode,
the space excluding the on-chip RAM and internal I/O registers is external space. The on-chip
RAM is enabled when the RAME bit in the system control register (SYSCR) is set to 1; when the
RAME bit is cleared to 0, the on-chip RAM is disabled and the corresponding space becomes
external space.
Only the basic bus interface can be used for the area 7.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.4
Basic Bus Interface
7.4.1
Overview
The basic bus interface enables direct connection of ROM, SRAM, and so on.
The bus specifications can be selected with ABWCR, ASTCR, WCRH, and WCRL (see
table 7.3).
7.4.2
Data Size and Data Alignment
Data sizes for the CPU and other internal bus masters are byte, word, and longword. The bus
controller has a data alignment function, and when accessing external space, controls whether the
upper data bus (D15 to D8) or lower data bus (D7 to D0) is used according to the bus
specifications for the area being accessed (8-bit access space or 16-bit access space) and the data
size.
8-Bit Access Space: Figure 7.3 illustrates data alignment control for the 8-bit access space. With
the 8-bit access space, the upper data bus (D15 to D8) is always used for accesses. The amount of
data that can be accessed at one time is one byte: a word transfer instruction is performed as two
byte accesses, and a longword transfer instruction, as four byte accesses.
Upper data bus
Lower data bus
D15
D8 D7
D0
Byte size
Word size
1st bus cycle
2nd bus cycle
1st bus cycle
Longword size
2nd bus cycle
3rd bus cycle
4th bus cycle
Figure 7.3 Access Sizes and Data Alignment Control (8-Bit Access Space)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
16-Bit Access Space: Figure 7.4 illustrates data alignment control for the 16-bit access space.
With the 16-bit access space, the upper data bus (D15 to D8) and lower data bus (D7 to D0) are
used for accesses. The amount of data that can be accessed at one time is one byte or one word,
and a longword transfer instruction is executed as two word transfer instructions.
In byte access, whether the upper or lower data bus is used is determined by whether the address is
even or odd. The upper data bus is used for an even address, and the lower data bus for an odd
address.
Lower data bus
Upper data bus
D15
D8 D7
D0
Byte size
• Even address
Byte size
• Odd address
Word size
Longword
size
1st bus cycle
2nd bus cycle
Figure 7.4 Access Sizes and Data Alignment Control (16-Bit Access Space)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.4.3
Valid Strobes
Table 7.4 shows the data buses used and valid strobes for the access spaces.
In a read, the RD signal is valid without discrimination between the upper and lower halves of the
data bus.
In a write, the HWR signal is valid for the upper half of the data bus, and the LWR signal for the
lower half.
Table 7.4
Area
8-bit access
space
Data Buses Used and Valid Strobes
Access
Size
Read/
Write
Address
Valid
Strobe
Upper Data Bus
(D15 to D8)
Lower data bus
(D7 to D0)
Byte
Read
—
RD
Valid
Invalid
Write
—
HWR
Read
Even
RD
16-bit access Byte
space
Odd
Valid
Invalid
Invalid
Valid
Even
HWR
Valid
Hi-Z
Odd
LWR
Hi-Z
Valid
Read
—
RD
Valid
Valid
Write
—
HWR, LWR
Valid
Valid
Write
Word
Hi-Z
Notes: Hi-Z: High impedance.
Invalid: Input state; input value is ignored.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.4.4
Basic Timing
8-Bit 2-State Access Space: Figure 7.5 shows the bus timing for an 8-bit 2-state access space.
When an 8-bit access space is accessed, the upper half (D15 to D8) of the data bus is used.
The LWR pin is fixed high. Wait states cannot be inserted.
Bus cycle
T1
T2
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Invalid
HWR
LWR
High
Write
D15 to D8
D7 to D0
Valid
High impedance
Figure 7.5 Bus Timing for 8-Bit 2-State Access Space
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Section 7 Bus Controller
8-Bit 3-State Access Space: Figure 7.6 shows the bus timing for an 8-bit 3-state access space.
When an 8-bit access space is accessed, the upper half (D15 to D8) of the data bus is used.
The LWR pin is fixed high. Wait states can be inserted.
Bus cycle
T1
T2
T3
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Invalid
HWR
LWR
High
Write
D15 to D8
D7 to D0
Valid
High impedance
Figure 7.6 Bus Timing for 8-Bit 3-State Access Space
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Section 7 Bus Controller
16-Bit 2-State Access Space: Figures 7.7 to 7.9 show bus timings for a 16-bit 2-state access
space. When a 16-bit access space is accessed, the upper half (D15 to D8) of the data bus is used
for the even address, and the lower half (D7 to D0) for the odd address.
Wait states cannot be inserted.
Bus cycle
T2
T1
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Invalid
HWR
LWR
High
Write
D15 to D8
D7 to D0
Valid
High impedance
Figure 7.7 Bus Timing for 16-Bit 2-State Access Space (1) (Even Address Byte Access)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bus cycle
T1
T2
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Invalid
D7 to D0
Valid
HWR
High
LWR
Write
D15 to D8
D7 to D0
High impedance
Valid
Figure 7.8 Bus Timing for 16-Bit 2-State Access Space (2) (Odd Address Byte Access)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bus cycle
T1
T2
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Valid
HWR
LWR
Write
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Valid
Figure 7.9 Bus Timing for 16-Bit 2-State Access Space (3) (Word Access)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
16-Bit 3-State Access Space: Figures 7.10 to 7.12 show bus timings for a 16-bit 3-state access
space. When a 16-bit access space is accessed , the upper half (D15 to D8) of the data bus is used
for the even address, and the lower half (D7 to D0) for the odd address.
Wait states can be inserted.
Bus cycle
T2
T1
T3
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Invalid
HWR
LWR
High
Write
D15 to D8
D7 to D0
Valid
High impedance
Figure 7.10 Bus Timing for 16-Bit 3-State Access Space (1) (Even Address Byte Access)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bus cycle
T1
T2
T3
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Invalid
D7 to D0
Valid
HWR
High
LWR
Write
D15 to D8
D7 to D0
High impedance
Valid
Figure 7.11 Bus Timing for 16-Bit 3-State Access Space (2) (Odd Address Byte Access)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Bus cycle
T1
T2
T3
φ
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Valid
HWR
LWR
Write
D15 to D8
Valid
D7 to D0
Valid
Figure 7.12 Bus Timing for 16-Bit 3-State Access Space (3) (Word Access)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.4.5
Wait Control
When accessing external space, the H8S/2646 Group can extend the bus cycle by inserting one or
more wait states (Tw). There are two ways of inserting wait states: program wait insertion.
Program Wait Insertion: From 0 to 3 wait states can be inserted automatically between the T2
state and T3 state on an individual area basis in 3-state access space, according to the settings of
WCRH and WCRL.
Pin Wait Insertion: Setting the WAITE bit in BCRH to 1 enables wait input by means of the
WAIT pin. When external space is accessed in this state, a program wait is first inserted in
accordance with the settings in WCRH and WCRL. If the WAIT pin is low at the falling edge of φ
in the last T2 or Tw state, another Tw state is inserted. If the WAIT pin is held low, Tw states are
inserted until it goes high.
This is useful when inserting four or more Tw states, or when changing the number of Tw states for
different external devices.
The WAITE bit setting applies to all areas.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Figure 7.13 shows an example of wait state insertion timing.
By program wait
T1
T2
Tw
By WAIT pin
Tw
Tw
T3
φ
WAIT
Address bus
AS
RD
Read
Data bus
Read data
HWR, LWR
Write
Data bus
Write data
Note: Downward arrows show the timing of WAIT pin sampling.
Figure 7.13 Example of Wait State Insertion Timing
The settings after a reset are: 3-state access, 3 program wait state insertion.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.5
Burst ROM Interface
7.5.1
Overview
In this LSI, the area 0 external space can be set as burst ROM space and burst ROM interfacing
performed. Burst ROM space interfacing allows 16-bit ROM capable of burst access to be
accessed at high-speed.
The BRSTRM bit of BCRH sets area 0 as burst ROM space. CPU instruction fetches (only) can be
performed using a maximum of 4-word or 8-word continuous burst access. 1 state or 2 states can
be selected in the case of burst access.
7.5.2
Basic Timing
The AST0 bit of ASTCR sets the number of access states in the initial cycle (full access) of the
burst ROM interface. Wait states can be inserted when the AST0 bit is set to 1. The burst cycle
can be set for 1 state or 2 sttes by setting the BRSTS1 bit of BCRH. Wait states cannot be inserted.
When area 0 is set as burst ROM space, area 0 is a 16-bit access space regardless of the ABW0 bit
of ABWCR.
When the BRSTS0 bit of BCRH is cleared to 0, 4-word max. burst access is performed. When the
BRSTS0 bit is set to 1, 8-word max. burst access is performed.
Figures 7.14 (a) and (b) show the basic access timing for the burst ROM space.
Figure 7.14 (a) is an example when both the AST0 and BRSTS1 bits are set to 1.
Figure 7.14 (b) is an example when both the AST0 and BRSTS1 bits are set to 0.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
Full access
T1
T2
Burst access
T3
T1
T2
T1
T2
φ
Low address only changes
Address bus
AS
RD
Data bus
Read data
Read data
Read data
Figure 7.14 (a) Example Burst ROM Access Timing (AST0=BRSTS1=1)
Full access
T1
T2
Burst access
T1
T1
φ
Low address only changes
Address bus
AS
RD
Data bus
Read data
Read data Read data
Figure 7.14 (b) Example Burst ROM Access Timing (AST0=BRSTS1=0)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.5.3
Wait Control
As with the basic bus interface, either program wait insertion or pin wait insertion using the WAIT
pin can be used in the burst ROM interface initial cycle (full access). See section 7.4.5, Wait
Control.
Wait states cannot be inserted in the burst cycle.
7.6
Idle Cycle
7.6.1
Operation
When the H8S/2646 Group accesses external space, it can insert a 1-state idle cycle (TI) between
bus cycles in the following two cases: (1) when read accesses between different areas occur
consecutively, and (2) when a write cycle occurs immediately after a read cycle. By inserting an
idle cycle it is possible, for example, to avoid data collisions between ROM, with a long output
floating time, and high-speed memory, I/O interfaces, and so on.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
(1) Consecutive Reads between Different Areas
If consecutive reads between different areas occur while the ICIS1 bit in BCRH is set to 1, an idle
cycle is inserted at the start of the second read cycle.
Figure 7.15 shows an example of the operation in this case. In this example, bus cycle A is a read
cycle from ROM with a long output floating time, and bus cycle B is a read cycle from SRAM,
each being located in a different area. In (a), an idle cycle is not inserted, and a collision occurs in
cycle B between the read data from ROM and that from SRAM. In (b), an idle cycle is inserted,
and a data collision is prevented.
Bus cycle A
φ
T1
T2
Bus cycle B
T3
T1
Bus cycle A
T2
φ
Address bus
Address bus
CS* (area A)
CS* (area A)
CS* (area B)
CS* (area B)
RD
RD
Data bus
Data bus
Long output
floating time
(a) Idle cycle not inserted
(ICIS1 = 0)
T1
T2
T3
Bus cycle B
TI
T1
T2
Data
collision
(b) Idle cycle inserted
(Initial value ICIS1 = 1)
Note: * The CS signal is generated externally rather than inside the LSI device.
Figure 7.15 Example of Idle Cycle Operation (1)
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Section 7 Bus Controller
(2) Write after Read
If an external write occurs after an external read while the ICIS0 bit in BCRH is set to 1, an idle
cycle is inserted at the start of the write cycle.
Figure 7.16 shows an example of the operation in this case. In this example, bus cycle A is a read
cycle from ROM with a long output floating time, and bus cycle B is a CPU write cycle. In (a), an
idle cycle is not inserted, and a collision occurs in cycle B between the read data from ROM and
the CPU write data. In (b), an idle cycle is inserted, and a data collision is prevented.
Bus cycle A
φ
T1
T2
T3
Bus cycle B
T1
T2
Bus cycle A
φ
Address bus
Address bus
CS* (area A)
CS* (area A)
CS* (area B)
CS* (area B)
RD
RD
T1
T2
T3
Bus cycle B
TI
T1
Possibility of overlap between
CS (area B) and RD
(a) Idle cycle not inserted
(ICIS1 = 0)
(b) Idle cycle inserted
(Initial value ICIS1 = 1)
Note: * The CS signal is generated externally rather than inside the LSI device.
Figure 7.16 Example of Idle Cycle Operation (2)
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T2
Section 7 Bus Controller
(3) Relationship between Chip Select (CS
CS*) Signal and Read (RD
RD)
RD Signal
Depending on the system’s load conditions, the RD signal may lag behind the CS signal*. An
example is shown in figure 7.17.
In this case, with the setting for no idle cycle insertion (a), there may be a period of overlap
between the bus cycle A RD signal and the bus cycle B CS signal.
Setting idle cycle insertion, as in (b), however, will prevent any overlap between the RD and CS
signals.
In the initial state after reset release, idle cycle insertion (b) is set.
Note: * The CS signal is generated externally rather than inside the LSI device.
Bus cycle A
φ
T1
T2
Bus cycle B
T3
T1
Bus cycle A
T2
φ
Address bus
Address bus
CS* (area A)
CS* (area A)
CS* (area B)
CS* (area B)
RD
RD
HWR
HWR
Data bus
Data bus
Long output
floating time
(a) Idle cycle not inserted
(ICIS0 = 0)
T1
T2
T3
Bus cycle B
TI
T1
T2
Data
collision
(b) Idle cycle inserted
(Initial value ICIS0 = 1)
Note: * The CS signal is generated externally rather than inside the LSI device.
Figure 7.17 Relationship between Chip Select (CS
CS)
RD)
CS * and Read (RD
RD
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.6.2
Pin States During Idle Cycles
Table 7.5 shows the pin states during idle cycles.
Table 7.5
Pin States During Idle Cycles
Pins
Pin State
A23 to A0
Content identical to immediately following bus cycle
D15 to D0
High impedance
AS
High level
RD
High level
HWR
High level
LWR
High level
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.7
Write Data Buffer Function
The H8S/2646 Group has a write data buffer function in the external data bus. Using this function
enables external writes to be executed in parallel with internal accesses. The write data buffer
function is made available by setting the WDBE bit in BCRL to 1.
Figure 7.18 shows an example of the timing when the write data buffer function is used. When this
function is used, if an external write continues for 2 states or longer, and there is an internal access
next, only an external write is executed in the first state, but from the next state onward an internal
access (on-chip memory or internal I/O register read/write) is executed in parallel with the
external write rather than waiting until it ends.
On-chip memory read Internal I/O register read
External write cycle
T1
T2
TW
TW
T3
Internal address bus
Internal memory
Internal I/O register address
Internal read signal
A23 to A0
External
space
write
External address
HWR, LWR
D15 to D0
Figure 7.18 Example of Timing when Write Data Buffer Function is Used
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Section 7 Bus Controller
7.8
Bus Arbitration
7.8.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has a bus arbiter that arbitrates bus master operations.
There are two bus masters, the CPU and DTC which perform read/write operations when they
have possession of the bus. Each bus master requests the bus by means of a bus request signal.
The bus arbiter determines priorities at the prescribed timing, and permits use of the bus by means
of a bus request acknowledge signal. The selected bus master then takes possession of the bus and
begins its operation.
7.8.2
Operation
The bus arbiter detects the bus masters’ bus request signals, and if the bus is requested, sends a
bus request acknowledge signal to the bus master making the request. If there are bus requests
from more than one bus master, the bus request acknowledge signal is sent to the one with the
highest priority. When a bus master receives the bus request acknowledge signal, it takes
possession of the bus until that signal is canceled.
The order of priority of the bus masters is as follows:
(High)
7.8.3
DTC
>
CPU
(Low)
Bus Transfer Timing
Even if a bus request is received from a bus master with a higher priority than that of the bus
master that has acquired the bus and is currently operating, the bus is not necessarily transferred
immediately. There are specific times at which each bus master can relinquish the bus.
CPU: The CPU is the lowest-priority bus master, and if a bus request is received from the DTC,
the bus arbiter transfers the bus to the bus master that issued the request. The timing for transfer of
the bus is as follows:
• The bus is transferred at a break between bus cycles. However, if a bus cycle is executed in
discrete operations, as in the case of a longword-size access, the bus is not transferred between
the operations. See appendix A.5, Bus States During Instruction Execution, for timings at
which the bus is not transferred.
• If the CPU is in sleep mode, it transfers the bus immediately.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
DTC: The DTC sends the bus arbiter a request for the bus when an activation request is generated.
The DTC can release the bus after a vector read, a register information read (3 states), a single data
transfer, or a register information write (3 states). It does not release the bus during a register
information read (3 states), a single data transfer, or a register information write (3 states).
7.9
Resets and the Bus Controller
In a reset, the H8S/2646 Group, including the bus controller, enters the reset state at that point, and
an executing bus cycle is discontinued.
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Section 7 Bus Controller
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group includes a data transfer controller (DTC). The DTC can be activated by an
interrupt or software, to transfer data.
8.1.1
Features
• Transfer possible over any number of channels
 Transfer information is stored in memory
 One activation source can trigger a number of data transfers (chain transfer)
• Wide range of transfer modes
 Normal, repeat, and block transfer modes available
 Incrementing, decrementing, and fixing of source and destination addresses can be selected
• Direct specification of 16-Mbyte address space possible
 24-bit transfer source and destination addresses can be specified
• Transfer can be set in byte or word units
• A CPU interrupt can be requested for the interrupt that activated the DTC
 An interrupt request can be issued to the CPU after one data transfer ends
 An interrupt request can be issued to the CPU after the specified data transfers have
completely ended
• Activation by software is possible
• Module stop mode can be set
 The initial setting enables DTC registers to be accessed. DTC operation is halted by setting
module stop mode.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 8.1 shows a block diagram of the DTC.
The DTC’s register information is stored in the on-chip RAM*. A 32-bit bus connects the DTC to
the on-chip RAM (1 kbyte), enabling 32-bit/1-state reading and writing of the DTC register
information.
Note: * When the DTC is used, the RAME bit in SYSCR must be set to 1.
Internal address bus
On-chip
RAM
CPU interrupt
request
Register information
MRA MRB
CRA
CRB
DAR
SAR
Control logic
DTC
DTC service
request
DTVECR
Interrupt
request
DTCERA to
DTCERG,
DTCERI
Interrupt controller
Internal data bus
Legend:
MRA, MRB
CRA, CRB
SAR
DAR
DTCERA to DTCERG, I
DTVECR
: DTC mode registers A and B
: DTC transfer count registers A and B
: DTC source address register
: DTC destination address register
: DTC enable registers A to G, I
: DTC vector register
Figure 8.1 Block Diagram of DTC
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.1.3
Register Configuration
Table 8.1 summarizes the DTC registers.
Table 8.1
DTC Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
DTC mode register A
MRA
Undefined
DTC mode register B
MRB
—*2
—*2
—*3
—*3
—*2
—*2
Undefined
Undefined
Undefined
—*3
—*3
Undefined
—*3
—*3
DTC source address register
SAR
DTC destination address register
DAR
DTC transfer count register A
CRA
DTC transfer count register B
CRB
—*2
—*2
DTC enable registers
DTCER
R/W
H'00
H'FE16 to H'FE1E
DTC vector register
DTVECR
R/W
H'00
H'FE1F
Module stop control register A
MSTPCRA
R/W
H'3F
H'FDE8
Undefined
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Registers within the DTC cannot be read or written to directly.
3. Register information is located in on-chip RAM addresses H'EBC0 to H'EFBF. It cannot
be located in external memory space. When the DTC is used, do not clear the RAME
bit in SYSCR to 0.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.2
Register Descriptions
8.2.1
DTC Mode Register A (MRA)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SM1
SM0
DM1
DM0
MD1
MD0
DTS
Sz
Initial value :
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
:
*: Undefined
MRA is an 8-bit register that controls the DTC operating mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Source Address Mode 1 and 0 (SM1, SM0): These bits specify whether SAR is
to be incremented, decremented, or left fixed after a data transfer.
Bit 7
SM1
Bit 6
SM0
Description
0
—
SAR is fixed
1
0
SAR is incremented after a transfer
(by +1 when Sz = 0; by +2 when Sz = 1)
1
SAR is decremented after a transfer
(by –1 when Sz = 0; by –2 when Sz = 1)
Bits 5 and 4—Destination Address Mode 1 and 0 (DM1, DM0): These bits specify whether
DAR is to be incremented, decremented, or left fixed after a data transfer.
Bit 5
DM1
Bit 4
DM0
Description
0
—
DAR is fixed
1
0
DAR is incremented after a transfer
(by +1 when Sz = 0; by +2 when Sz = 1)
1
DAR is decremented after a transfer
(by –1 when Sz = 0; by –2 when Sz = 1)
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Bits 3 and 2—DTC Mode (MD1, MD0): These bits specify the DTC transfer mode.
Bit 3
MD1
Bit 2
MD0
Description
0
0
Normal mode
1
Repeat mode
0
Block transfer mode
1
—
1
Bit 1—DTC Transfer Mode Select (DTS): Specifies whether the source side or the destination
side is set to be a repeat area or block area, in repeat mode or block transfer mode.
Bit 1
DTS
Description
0
Destination side is repeat area or block area
1
Source side is repeat area or block area
Bit 0—DTC Data Transfer Size (Sz): Specifies the size of data to be transferred.
Bit 0
Sz
Description
0
Byte-size transfer
1
Word-size transfer
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.2.2
DTC Mode Register B (MRB)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CHNE
DISEL
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit
:
:
—
*: Undefined
MRB is an 8-bit register that controls the DTC operating mode.
Bit 7—DTC Chain Transfer Enable (CHNE): Specifies chain transfer. With chain transfer, a
number of data transfers can be performed consecutively in response to a single transfer request.
In data transfer with CHNE set to 1, determination of the end of the specified number of transfers,
clearing of the interrupt source flag, and clearing of DTCER is not performed.
Bit 7
CHNE
Description
0
End of DTC data transfer (activation waiting state is entered)
1
DTC chain transfer (new register information is read, then data is transferred)
Bit 6—DTC Interrupt Select (DISEL): Specifies whether interrupt requests to the CPU are
disabled or enabled after a data transfer.
Bit 6
DISEL
Description
0
After a data transfer ends, the CPU interrupt is disabled unless the transfer counter is
0 (the DTC clears the interrupt source flag of the activating interrupt to 0)
1
After a data transfer ends, the CPU interrupt is enabled (the DTC does not clear the
interrupt source flag of the activating interrupt to 0)
Bits 5 to 0—Reserved: These bits have no effect on DTC operation in the H8S/2646 Group, and
should always be written with 0.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.2.3
DTC Source Address Register (SAR)
23
22
21
20
19
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit
:
:
*: Undefined
SAR is a 24-bit register that designates the source address of data to be transferred by the DTC.
For word-size transfer, specify an even source address.
8.2.4
DTC Destination Address Register (DAR)
23
22
21
20
19
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value :
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit
:
:
*: Undefined
DAR is a 24-bit register that designates the destination address of data to be transferred by the
DTC. For word-size transfer, specify an even destination address.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.2.5
DTC Transfer Count Register A (CRA)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value :
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit
:
:
CRAH
CRAL
*: Undefined
CRA is a 16-bit register that designates the number of times data is to be transferred by the DTC.
In normal mode, the entire CRA functions as a 16-bit transfer counter (1 to 65,536). It is
decremented by 1 every time data is transferred, and transfer ends when the count reaches H'0000.
In repeat mode or block transfer mode, the CRA is divided into two parts: the upper 8 bits
(CRAH) and the lower 8 bits (CRAL). CRAH holds the number of transfers while CRAL
functions as an 8-bit transfer counter (1 to 256). CRAL is decremented by 1 every time data is
transferred, and the contents of CRAH are sent when the count reaches H'00. This operation is
repeated.
8.2.6
DTC Transfer Count Register B (CRB)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Bit
:
:
*: Undefined
CRB is a 16-bit register that designates the number of times data is to be transferred by the DTC in
block transfer mode. It functions as a 16-bit transfer counter (1 to 65536) that is decremented by 1
every time data is transferred, and transfer ends when the count reaches H'0000.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.2.7
Bit
DTC Enable Registers (DTCER)
:
Initial value:
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DTCE7
DTCE6
DTCE5
DTCE4
DTCE3
DTCE2
DTCE1
DTCE0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
The DTC enable registers comprise eight 8-bit readable/writable registers, DTCERA to DTCERG
and DTCERI, with bits corresponding to the interrupt sources that can control enabling and
disabling of DTC activation. These bits enable or disable DTC service for the corresponding
interrupt sources.
The DTC enable registers are initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bit n—DTC Activation Enable (DTCEn)
Bit n
DTCEn
Description
0
DTC activation by this interrupt is disabled
(Initial value)
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
When the DISEL bit is 1 and the data transfer has ended
•
When the specified number of transfers have ended
DTC activation by this interrupt is enabled
[Holding condition]
When the DISEL bit is 0 and the specified number of transfers have not ended
(n = 7 to 0)
A DTCE bit can be set for each interrupt source that can activate the DTC. The correspondence
between interrupt sources and DTCE bits is shown in table 8.4, together with the vector number
generated for each interrupt controller.
For DTCE bit setting, use bit manipulation instructions such as BSET and BCLR for reading and
writing. If all interrupts are masked, multiple activation sources can be set at one time by writing
data after executing a dummy read on the relevant register.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.2.8
Bit
DTC Vector Register (DTVECR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SWDTE DTVEC6 DTVEC5 DTVEC4 DTVEC3 DTVEC2 DTVEC1 DTVEC0
Initial value:
R/W
:
0
R/(W)*1
0
0
R/(W)*2 R/(W)*2
0
0
0
R/(W)*2 R/(W)*2 R/(W)*2
0
0
R/(W)*2 R/(W)*2
Notes: 1. Only 1 can be written to the SWDTE bit.
2. Bits DTVEC6 to DTVEC0 can be written to when SWDTE = 0.
DTVECR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables DTC activation by
software, and sets a vector number for the software activation interrupt.
DTVECR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bit 7—DTC Software Activation Enable (SWDTE): Enables or disables DTC activation by
software.
Bit 7
SWDTE
0
Description
DTC software activation is disabled
(Initial value)
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
When the DISEL bit is 0 and the specified number of transfers have not ended
•
When 0 s written to the DISEL bit after a software-activated data transfer end
interrupt (SWDTEND) request has been sent to the CPU
DTC software activation is enabled
[Holding conditions]
•
When the DISEL bit is 1 and data transfer has ended
•
When the specified number of transfers have ended
•
During data transfer due to software activation
Bits 6 to 0—DTC Software Activation Vectors 6 to 0 (DTVEC6 to DTVEC0): These bits
specify a vector number for DTC software activation.
The vector address is expressed as H'0400 + ((vector number) << 1). <<1 indicates a one-bit leftshift. For example, when DTVEC6 to DTVEC0 = H'10, the vector address is H'0420.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.2.9
Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPA7
MSTPA6
MSTPA5
MSTPA4
MSTPA3
MSTPA2
MSTPA1
MSTPA0
Initial value
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MSTPCRA is a 8-bit readable/writable register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPA6 bit in MSTPCRA is set to 1, the DTC operation stops at the end of the bus
cycle and a transition is made to module stop mode. However, 1 cannot be written in the MSTPA6
bit while the DTC is operating. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRA is initialized to H'3F by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 6—Module Stop (MSTPA6): Specifies the DTC module stop mode.
Bit 6
MSTPA6
Description
0
DTC module stop mode cleared
1
DTC module stop mode set
(Initial value)
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3
Operation
8.3.1
Overview
When activated, the DTC reads register information that is already stored in memory and transfers
data on the basis of that register information. After the data transfer, it writes updated register
information back to memory. Pre-storage of register information in memory makes it possible to
transfer data over any required number of channels. Setting the CHNE bit to 1 makes it possible to
perform a number of transfers with a single activation.
Figure 8.2 shows a flowchart of DTC operation.
Start
Read DTC vector
Next transfer
Read register information
Data transfer
Write register information
CHNE = 1
Yes
No
Transfer Counter = 0
or DISEL = 1
Yes
No
Clear an activation flag
Clear DTCER
End
Interrupt exception
handling
Figure 8.2 Flowchart of DTC Operation
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
The DTC transfer mode can be normal mode, repeat mode, or block transfer mode.
The 24-bit SAR designates the DTC transfer source address and the 24-bit DAR designates the
transfer destination address. After each transfer, SAR and DAR are independently incremented,
decremented, or left fixed.
Table 8.2 outlines the functions of the DTC.
Table 8.2
DTC Functions
Address Registers
Transfer Mode
Activation Source
Transfer
Source
•
Normal mode
•
IRQ
24 bits
 One transfer request transfers one
byte or one word
•
TPU TGI
•
SCI TXI or RXI
 Memory addresses are incremented
or decremented by 1 or 2
•
A/D converter ADI
•
Motor control PWM
timer CMI
Repeat mode
•
 One transfer request transfers one
byte or one word
HCAN RM0
(mail box 0)
•
Software
 Up to 65,536 transfers possible
•
Transfer
Destination
24 bits
 Memory addresses are incremented
or decremented by 1 or 2
 After the specified number of
transfers (1 to 256), the initial state
resumes and operation continues
•
Block transfer mode
 One transfer request transfers a
block of the specified size
 Block size is from 1 to 256 bytes or
words
 Up to 65,536 transfers possible
 A block area can be designated at
either the source or destination
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.2
Activation Sources
The DTC operates when activated by an interrupt or by a write to DTVECR by software. An
interrupt request can be directed to the CPU or DTC, as designated by the corresponding DTCER
bit. An interrupt becomes a DTC activation source when the corresponding bit is set to 1, and a
CPU interrupt source when the bit is cleared to 0.
At the end of a data transfer (or the last consecutive transfer in the case of chain transfer), the
activation source or corresponding DTCER bit is cleared. Table 8.3 shows activation source and
DTCER clearance. The activation source flag, in the case of RXI0, for example, is the RDRF flag
of SCI0.
Table 8.3
Activation Source and DTCER Clearance
Activation Source
When the DISEL Bit Is 0 and
the Specified Number of
Transfers Have Not Ended
Software activation
The SWDTE bit is cleared to 0
When the DISEL Bit Is 1, or when
the Specified Number of Transfers
Have Ended
The SWDTE bit remains set to 1
An interrupt is issued to the CPU
Interrupt activation
The corresponding DTCER bit
remains set to 1
The activation source flag is
cleared to 0
The corresponding DTCER bit is cleared
to 0
The activation source flag remains set to 1
A request is issued to the CPU for the
activation source interrupt
Figure 8.3 shows a block diagram of activation source control. For details see section 5, Interrupt
Controller.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Source flag cleared
Clear
controller
Clear
DTCER
Clear request
On-chip
supporting
module
IRQ interrupt
DTVECR
Interrupt
request
Selection circuit
Select
DTC
Interrupt controller
CPU
Interrupt mask
Figure 8.3 Block Diagram of DTC Activation Source Control
When an interrupt has been designated a DTC activation source, existing CPU mask level and
interrupt controller priorities have no effect. If there is more than one activation source at the same
time, the DTC operates in accordance with the default priorities.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.3
DTC Vector Table
Figure 8.4 shows the correspondence between DTC vector addresses and register information.
Table 8.4 shows the correspondence between activation and vector addresses. When the DTC is
activated by software, the vector address is obtained from: H'0400 + (DTVECR[6:0] << 1) (where
<< 1 indicates a 1-bit left shift). For example, if DTVECR is H'10, the vector address is H'0420.
The DTC reads the start address of the register information from the vector address set for each
activation source, and then reads the register information from that start address. The register
information can be placed at predetermined addresses in the on-chip RAM. The start address of
the register information should be an integral multiple of four.
The configuration of the vector address is the same in both normal* and advanced modes, a 2-byte
unit being used in both cases. These two bytes specify the lower bits of the address in the on-chip
RAM.
Note: * Not available in the H8S/2646 Group.
DTC vector
address
Register information
start address
Register information
Chain transfer
Figure 8.4 Correspondence between DTC Vector Address and Register Information
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Table 8.4
Interrupt Sources, DTC Vector Addresses, and Corresponding DTCEs
Interrupt Source
Origin of
Interrupt
Source
Vector
Number
Vector
Address
Write to DTVECR
Software
DTVECR
IRQ0
External pin
DTCE*1
Priority
H'0400+
(DTVECR
[6:0]
<<1)
—
High
16
H'0420
DTCEA7
IRQ1
17
H'0422
DTCEA6
IRQ2
18
H'0424
DTCEA5
IRQ3
19
H'0426
DTCEA4
IRQ4
20
H'0428
DTCEA3
IRQ5
21
H'042A
DTCEA2
Reserved
—
22 to 27
H'042C to
H'0436
—
ADI (A/D conversion end)
A/D
28
H'0438
DTCEB6
Reserved
—
29 to 31
H'043A to
H'043E
—
TGI0A (GR0A compare match/
input capture)
TPU
channel 0
32
H'0440
DTCEB5
TGI0B (GR0B compare match/
input capture)
33
H'0442
DTCEB4
TGI0C (GR0C compare match/
input capture)
34
H'0444
DTCEB3
TGI0D (GR0D compare match/
input capture)
35
H'0446
DTCEB2
Reserved
—
36 to 39
H'0448 to
H'044E
—
TGI1A (GR1A compare match/
input capture)
TPU
channel 1
40
H'0450
DTCEB1
41
H'0452
DTCEB0
44
H'0458
DTCEC7
45
H'045A
DTCEC6
TGI1B (GR1B compare match/
input capture)
TGI2A (GR2A compare match/
input capture)
TGI2B (GR2B compare match/
input capture)
TPU
channel 2
Low
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Interrupt Source
Origin of
Interrupt
Source
TGI3A (GR3A compare match/
input capture)
TPU
channel 3
Vector
Number
Vector
Address
DTCE*1
Priority
48
H'0460
DTCEC5
High
TGI3B (GR3B compare match/
input capture)
49
H'0462
DTCEC4
TGI3C (GR3C compare match/
input capture)
50
H'0464
DTCEC3
TGI3D (GR3D compare match/
input capture)
51
H'0466
DTCEC2
Reserved
—
52 to 55
H'0468 to
H'046E
—
TGI4A (GR4A compare match/
input capture)
TPU
channel 4
56
H'0470
DTCEC1
57
H'0472
DTCEC0
TGI4B (GR4B compare match/
input capture)
Reserved
—
58, 59
H'0474 to
H'0476
—
TGI5A (GR5A compare match/
input capture)
TPU
channel 5
60
H'0478
DTCED5
61
H'047A
DTCED4
H'047C to
H'04A0
—
TGI5B (GR5B compare match/
input capture)
Reserved
—
62 to 80
RXI0 (reception complete 0)
SCI
channel 0
81
H'04A2
DTCEE3
TXI0 (transmit data empty 0)
82
H'04A4
DTCEE2
Reserved
—
83, 84
H'04A6 to
H'04A8
—
RXI1 (reception complete 1)
85
H'04AA
DTCEE1
TXI1 (transmit data empty 1)
SCI
channel 1
86
H'04AC
DTCEE0
Reserved
—
87, 88
H'04AE to
H'04B0
—
RXI2 (reception complete 2)*2
TXI2 (transmit data empty 2) *2
SCI
channel 2
89
H'04B2
DTCEF7
90
H'04B4
DTCEF6
Reserved
—
91 to 103
H'04B6 to
H'04CE
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 198 of 1136
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Low
Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Interrupt Source
Origin of
Interrupt
Source
Vector
Number
Vector
Address
DTCE*1
Priority
CMI1 (PWCYR1 compare match)
PWM
104
H'04D0
DTCEG7
High
105
H'04D2
DTCEG6
106 to 108
H'04D4
H'04D8
—
CMI2 (PWCYR2 compare match)
Reserved
—
RM0 (Mail box 0)
HCAN0
109
H'04DA
DTCEG2
Reserved
—
110 to 124
H'04DC
H'04FC
—
Low
Notes: 1. DTCE bits with no corresponding interrupt are reserved, and should be written with 0.
2. These vectors are used in the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647. They are
reserved in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.4
Location of Register Information in Address Space
Figure 8.5 shows how the register information should be located in the address space.
Locate the MRA, SAR, MRB, DAR, CRA, and CRB registers, in that order, from the start address
of the register information (contents of the vector address). In the case of chain transfer, register
information should be located in consecutive areas.
Locate the register information in the on-chip RAM (addresses: H'FFEBC0 to H'FFEFBF).
Lower address
Register
information
start address
Chain
transfer
0
1
2
3
MRA
SAR
MRB
DAR
CRA
Register information
CRB
MRA
SAR
MRB
DAR
CRA
Register information
for 2nd transfer in
chain transfer
CRB
4 bytes
Figure 8.5 Location of Register Information in Address Space
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.5
Normal Mode
In normal mode, one operation transfers one byte or one word of data.
From 1 to 65,536 transfers can be specified. Once the specified number of transfers have ended, a
CPU interrupt can be requested.
Table 8.5 lists the register information in normal mode and figure 8.6 shows memory mapping in
normal mode.
Table 8.5
Register Information in Normal Mode
Name
Abbreviation
Function
DTC source address register
SAR
Designates source address
DTC destination address register
DAR
Designates destination address
DTC transfer count register A
CRA
Designates transfer count
DTC transfer count register B
CRB
Not used
SAR
DAR
Transfer
Figure 8.6 Memory Mapping in Normal Mode
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.6
Repeat Mode
In repeat mode, one operation transfers one byte or one word of data.
From 1 to 256 transfers can be specified. Once the specified number of transfers have ended, the
initial state of the transfer counter and the address register specified as the repeat area is restored,
and transfer is repeated. In repeat mode the transfer counter value does not reach H'00, and
therefore CPU interrupts cannot be requested when DISEL = 0.
Table 8.6 lists the register information in repeat mode and figure 8.7 shows memory mapping in
repeat mode.
Table 8.6
Register Information in Repeat Mode
Name
Abbreviation
Function
DTC source address register
SAR
Designates source address
DTC destination address register
DAR
Designates destination address
DTC transfer count register AH
CRAH
Holds number of transfers
DTC transfer count register AL
CRAL
Designates transfer count
DTC transfer count register B
CRB
Not used
SAR or
DAR
Repeat area
Transfer
Figure 8.7 Memory Mapping in Repeat Mode
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DAR or
SAR
Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.7
Block Transfer Mode
In block transfer mode, one operation transfers one block of data. Either the transfer source or the
transfer destination is designated as a block area.
The block size is 1 to 256. When the transfer of one block ends, the initial state of the block size
counter and the address register specified as the block area is restored. The other address register
is then incremented, decremented, or left fixed.
From 1 to 65,536 transfers can be specified. Once the specified number of transfers have ended, a
CPU interrupt is requested.
Table 8.7 lists the register information in block transfer mode and figure 8.8 shows memory
mapping in block transfer mode.
Table 8.7
Register Information in Block Transfer Mode
Name
Abbreviation
Function
DTC source address register
SAR
Designates source address
DTC destination address register
DAR
Designates destination address
DTC transfer count register AH
CRAH
Holds block size
DTC transfer count register AL
CRAL
Designates block size count
DTC transfer count register B
CRB
Transfer count
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
First block
SAR or
DAR
·
·
·
Block area
Transfer
Nth block
Figure 8.8 Memory Mapping in Block Transfer Mode
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DAR or
SAR
Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.8
Chain Transfer
Setting the CHNE bit to 1 enables a number of data transfers to be performed consectutively in
response to a single transfer request. SAR, DAR, CRA, CRB, MRA, and MRB, which define data
transfers, can be set independently.
Figure 8.9 shows the memory map for chain transfer.
Source
Destination
Register information
CHNE = 1
DTC vector
address
Register information
start address
Register information
CHNE = 0
Source
Destination
Figure 8.9 Chain Transfer Memory Map
In the case of transfer with CHNE set to 1, an interrupt request to the CPU is not generated at the
end of the specified number of transfers or by setting of the DISEL bit to 1, and the interrupt
source flag for the activation source is not affected.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.9
Operation Timing
Figures 8.10 to 8.12 show an example of DTC operation timing.
φ
DTC activation
request
DTC
request
Data transfer
Vector read
Address
Read Write
Transfer
information read
Transfer
information write
Figure 8.10 DTC Operation Timing (Example in Normal Mode or Repeat Mode)
φ
DTC activation
request
DTC request
Data transfer
Vector read
Address
Read Write Read Write
Transfer
information read
Transfer
information write
Figure 8.11 DTC Operation Timing (Example of Block Transfer Mode,
with Block Size of 2)
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
φ
DTC activation
request
DTC
request
Data transfer
Data transfer
Read Write
Read Write
Vector read
Address
Transfer
information
read
Transfer
Transfer
information information
write
read
Transfer
information
write
Figure 8.12 DTC Operation Timing (Example of Chain Transfer)
8.3.10
Number of DTC Execution States
Table 8.8 lists execution statuses for a single DTC data transfer, and table 8.9 shows the number
of states required for each execution status.
Table 8.8
DTC Execution Statuses
Mode
Vector Read
I
Register Information
Read/Write
Data Read
J
K
Data Write
L
Internal
Operations
M
Normal
1
6
1
1
3
Repeat
1
6
1
1
3
Block transfer
1
6
N
N
3
N: Block size (initial setting of CRAH and CRAL)
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Table 8.9
Number of States Required for Each Execution Status
OnChip
RAM
OnChip
ROM
Bus width
32
16
8
16
8
8
16
16
Access states
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
3
Object to be Accessed
Execution
status
On-Chip I/O
Registers
External Devices
Vector read
SI
—
1
—
—
4
6+2m
2
3+m
Register
information
read/write
SJ
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Byte data read
SK
1
1
2
2
2
3+m
2
3+m
Word data read
SK
1
1
4
2
4
6+2m
2
3+m
Byte data write
SL
1
1
2
2
2
3+m
2
3+m
Word data write
SL
1
1
4
2
4
6+2m
2
3+m
Internal operation SM
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
The number of execution states is calculated from the formula below. Note that Σ means the sum
of all transfers activated by one activation event (the number in which the CHNE bit is set to 1,
plus 1).
Number of execution states = I · (SI +1) + Σ (J · SJ + K · SK + L · SL) + M · SM
For example, when the DTC vector address table is located in on-chip ROM, normal mode is set,
and data is transferred from the on-chip ROM to an internal I/O register, the time required for the
DTC operation is 14 states. The time from activation to the end of the data write is 11 states.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.11
Procedures for Using DTC
Activation by Interrupt: The procedure for using the DTC with interrupt activation is as follows:
[1] Set the MRA, MRB, SAR, DAR, CRA, and CRB register information in the on-chip RAM.
[2] Set the start address of the register information in the DTC vector address.
[3] Set the corresponding bit in DTCER to 1.
[4] Set the enable bits for the interrupt sources to be used as the activation sources to 1. The DTC
is activated when an interrupt used as an activation source is generated.
[5] After the end of one data transfer, or after the specified number of data transfers have ended,
the DTCE bit is cleared to 0 and a CPU interrupt is requested. If the DTC is to continue
transferring data, set the DTCE bit to 1.
Activation by Software: The procedure for using the DTC with software activation is as follows:
[1] Set the MRA, MRB, SAR, DAR, CRA, and CRB register information in the on-chip RAM.
[2] Set the start address of the register information in the DTC vector address.
[3] Check that the SWDTE bit is 0.
[4] Write 1 to SWDTE bit and the vector number to DTVECR.
[5] Check the vector number written to DTVECR.
[6] After the end of one data transfer, if the DISEL bit is 0 and a CPU interrupt is not requested,
the SWDTE bit is cleared to 0. If the DTC is to continue transferring data, set the SWDTE bit
to 1. When the DISEL bit is 1, or after the specified number of data transfers have ended, the
SWDTE bit is held at 1 and a CPU interrupt is requested.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.3.12
Examples of Use of the DTC
Normal Mode: An example is shown in which the DTC is used to receive 128 bytes of data via
the SCI.
[1] Set MRA to fixed source address (SM1 = SM0 = 0), incrementing destination address (DM1 =
1, DM0 = 0), normal mode (MD1 = MD0 = 0), and byte size (Sz = 0). The DTS bit can have
any value. Set MRB for one data transfer by one interrupt (CHNE = 0, DISEL = 0). Set the
SCI RDR address in SAR, the start address of the RAM area where the data will be received in
DAR, and 128 (H'0080) in CRA. CRB can be set to any value.
[2] Set the start address of the register information at the DTC vector address.
[3] Set the corresponding bit in DTCER to 1.
[4] Set the SCI to the appropriate receive mode. Set the RIE bit in SCR to 1 to enable the
reception complete (RXI) interrupt. Since the generation of a receive error during the SCI
reception operation will disable subsequent reception, the CPU should be enabled to accept
receive error interrupts.
[5] Each time reception of one byte of data ends on the SCI, the RDRF flag in SSR is set to 1, an
RXI interrupt is generated, and the DTC is activated. The receive data is transferred from RDR
to RAM by the DTC. DAR is incremented and CRA is decremented. The RDRF flag is
automatically cleared to 0.
[6] When CRA becomes 0 after the 128 data transfers have ended, the RDRF flag is held at 1, the
DTCE bit is cleared to 0, and an RXI interrupt request is sent to the CPU. The interrupt
handling routine should perform wrap-up processing.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Chain Transfer: An example of DTC chain transfer is shown in which pulse output is performed
using the PPG. Chain transfer can be used to perform pulse output data transfer and PPG output
trigger cycle updating. Repeat mode transfer to the PPG’s NDR is performed in the first half of the
chain transfer, and normal mode transfer to the TPU’s TGR in the second half. This is because
clearing of the activation source and interrupt generation at the end of the specified number of
transfers are restricted to the second half of the chain transfer (transfer when CHNE = 0).
[1] Perform settings for transfer to the PPG’s NDR. Set MRA to source address incrementing
(SM1 = 1, SM0 = 0), fixed destination address (DM1 = DM0 = 0), repeat mode (MD1 = 0,
MD0 = 1), and word size (Sz = 1). Set the source side as a repeat area (DTS = 1). Set MRB to
chain mode (CHNE = 1, DISEL = 0). Set the data table start address in SAR, the NDRH
address in DAR, and the data table size in CRAH and CRAL. CRB can be set to any value.
[2] Perform settings for transfer to the TPU’s TGR. Set MRA to source address incrementing
(SM1 = 1, SM0 = 0), fixed destination address (DM1 = DM0 = 0), normal mode (MD1 =
MD0 = 0), and word size (Sz = 1). Set the data table start address in SAR, the TGRA address
in DAR, and the data table size in CRA. CRB can be set to any value.
[3] Locate the TPU transfer register information consecutively after the NDR transfer register
information.
[4] Set the start address of the NDR transfer register information to the DTC vector address.
[5] Set the bit corresponding to TGIA in DTCER to 1.
[6] Set TGRA as an output compare register (output disabled) with TIOR, and enable the TGIA
interrupt with TIER.
[7] Set the initial output value in PODR, and the next output value in NDR. Set bits in DDR and
NDER for which output is to be performed to 1. Using PCR, select the TPU compare match
to be used as the output trigger.
[8] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1, and start the TCNT count operation.
[9] Each time a TGRA compare match occurs, the next output value is transferred to NDR and
the set value of the next output trigger period is transferred to TGRA. The activation source
TGFA flag is cleared.
[10] When the specified number of transfers are completed (the TPU transfer CRA value is 0), the
TGFA flag is held at 1, the DTCE bit is cleared to 0, and a TGIA interrupt request is sent to
the CPU. Termination processing should be performed in the interrupt handling routine.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
Software Activation: An example is shown in which the DTC is used to transfer a block of 128
bytes of data by means of software activation. The transfer source address is H'1000 and the
destination address is H'2000. The vector number is H'60, so the vector address is H'04C0.
[1] Set MRA to incrementing source address (SM1 = 1, SM0 = 0), incrementing destination
address (DM1 = 1, DM0 = 0), block transfer mode (MD1 = 1, MD0 = 0), and byte size (Sz =
0). The DTS bit can have any value. Set MRB for one block transfer by one interrupt (CHNE =
0). Set the transfer source address (H'1000) in SAR, the destination address (H'2000) in DAR,
and 128 (H'8080) in CRA. Set 1 (H'0001) in CRB.
[2] Set the start address of the register information at the DTC vector address (H'04C0).
[3] Check that the SWDTE bit in DTVECR is 0. Check that there is currently no transfer activated
by software.
[4] Write 1 to the SWDTE bit and the vector number (H'60) to DTVECR. The write data is H'E0.
[5] Read DTVECR again and check that it is set to the vector number (H'60). If it is not, this
indicates that the write failed. This is presumably because an interrupt occurred between steps
3 and 4 and led to a different software activation. To activate this transfer, go back to step 3.
[6] If the write was successful, the DTC is activated and a block of 128 bytes of data is transferred.
[7] After the transfer, an SWDTEND interrupt occurs. The interrupt handling routine should clear
the SWDTE bit to 0 and perform other wrap-up processing.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
8.4
Interrupts
An interrupt request is issued to the CPU when the DTC finishes the specified number of data
transfers, or a data transfer for which the DISEL bit was set to 1. In the case of interrupt
activation, the interrupt set as the activation source is generated. These interrupts to the CPU are
subject to CPU mask level and interrupt controller priority level control.
In the case of activation by software, a software activated data transfer end interrupt (SWDTEND)
is generated.
When the DISEL bit is 1 and one data transfer has ended, or the specified number of transfers
have ended, after data transfer ends, the SWDTE bit is held at 1 and an SWDTEND interrupt is
generated. The interrupt handling routine should clear the SWDTE bit to 0.
When the DTC is activated by software, an SWDTEND interrupt is not generated during a data
transfer wait or during data transfer even if the SWDTE bit is set to 1.
8.5
Usage Notes
Module Stop: When the MSTPA6 bit in MSTPCRA is set to 1, the DTC clock stops, and the
DTC enters the module stop state. However, 1 cannot be written in the MSTPA6 bit while the
DTC is operating.
On-Chip RAM: The MRA, MRB, SAR, DAR, CRA, and CRB registers are all located in on-chip
RAM. When the DTC is used, the RAME bit in SYSCR must not be cleared to 0.
DTCE Bit Setting: For DTCE bit setting, use bit manipulation instructions such as BSET and
BCLR. If all interrupts are masked, multiple activation sources can be set at one time by writing
data after executing a dummy read on the relevant register.
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Section 8 Data Transfer Controller (DTC)
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has 13 I/O ports (ports 1 to 3, 5, A to F, H, J, and K), and two input-only
port (ports 4 and 9).
Table 9.1 summarizes the port functions. The pins of each port also have other functions.
Each I/O port includes a data direction register (DDR) that controls input/output, a data register
(DR) that stores output data, and a port register (PORT) used to read the pin states. The input-only
ports do not have a DR or DDR register.
Ports A to E have a built-in pull-up MOS function, and in addition to DR and DDR, have a MOS
input pull-up control register (PCR) to control the on/off state of MOS input pull-up.
Ports 3, and A to F include an open-drain control register (ODR) that controls the on/off state of
the output buffer PMOS.
When ports A to F are used as the output pins for expanded bus control signals, they can drive one
TTL load plus a 50pF capacitance load. Ports other than A to F can drive one TTL load and a
30pF capacitance load. All I/O ports can drive Darlington transistors when set to output. Ports 1
and A to C can drive a LED (10 mA sink current), and some of the pins in ports A to E and F can
be used as LCD driver pins.
See appendix C, I/O Port Block Diagrams, for a block diagram of each port.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 215 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Table 9.1 (1) Port Functions (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
Port
Description
Port 1 • 8-bit I/O
port
• Schmitttriggered
input
(P16, P14)
Pins
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
TPU I/O pins (TCLKA, TCLKB, TCLKC, TCLKD, TIOCA0,
TIOCB0, TIOCC0, TIOCD0, TIOCA1, TIOCB1, TIOCA2,
TIOCB2), PPG output pins (PO15 to PO8), and interrupt input
pins (IRQ0, IRQ1), and 8-bit I/O port
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
Port 2 • 8-bit I/O
port
P27/TIOCB5
P26/TIOCA5
TPU I/O pins (TIOCB5, TIOCA5, TIOCB4, TIOCA4, TIOCD3,
TIOCC3, TIOCB3, TIOCA3) and 8-bit I/O port
P25/TIOCB4
P24/TIOCA4
P23/TIOCD3
P22/TIOCC3
P21/TIOCB3
P20/TIOCA3
Port 3 • 8-bit I/O
port
P37
P36
SCI (channels 0, 1) I/O pins (TxD0, RxD0, SCK0, TxD1, RxD1,
SCK1), interrupt input pins (IRQ4, IRQ5), and 8-bit I/O port
P35/SCK1/IRQ5
P34/RxD1
P33/TxD1
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P31/RxD0
P30/TxD0
Port 4 • 8-bit input
port
P47/AN7
A/D converter analog input (AN7 to AN0) and 8-bit input port
P46/AN6
P45/AN5
R44/AN4
P43/AN3
P42/AN2
P41/AN1
P40/AN0
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 216 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port
Description
Port 5 • 3-bit I/O
port
Pins
P52
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
3-bit I/O port
P51
P50
Port 9 • 8-bit input
port
P97
A/D converter analog input (AN11 to AN8) and 8-bit input port
P96
P95
P94
P93/AN11
P92/AN10
P91/AN9
P90/AN8
Port A • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PA7/A23/SEG24
PA6/A22/SEG23
PA5/A21/SEG22
PA4/A20/SEG21
PA3/A19/COM4
• Open-drain
PA2/A18/COM3
output
capability
PA1/A17/COM2
LCD segment and common output (SEG21 to LCD segment
SEG24, COM1 to COM4), address output (A23 and common
output (SEG21
to A16), and 8-bit I/O port
to SEG24,
COM1 to
COM4) and 8bit I/O port
PA0/A16/COM1
Port B • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PB7/A15/SEG16
PB6/A14/SEG15
LCD segment output (SEG9 to SEG16),
address output (A15 to A8), and 8-bit I/O port
PB5/A13/SEG14
LCD segment
output (SEG9
to SEG16) and
8-bit I/O port
PB4/A12/SEG13
• Open-drain PB3/A11/SEG12
PB2/A10/SEG11
output
capability
PB1/A9/SEG10
PB0/A8/SEG9
Port C • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PC7/A7/SEG8
PC6/A6/SEG7
PC5/A5/SEG6
PC4/A4/SEG5
PC3/A3/SEG4
• Open-drain
PC2/A2/SEG3
output
capability
PC1/A1/SEG2
Address output (A7 to A0)
LCD segment
output (SEG1
to SEG8),
address output
(A7 to A0),
and 8-bit I/O
port
LCD segment
output (SEG1
to SEG8) and
8-bit I/O port
PC0/A0/SEG1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 217 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port
Description
Port D • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
Pins
PD7/D15
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
Data bus I/O
8-bit I/O port
PE7/D7
8-bit I/O port in 8-bit bus mode
8-bit I/O port
PE6/D6
Data bus I/O and 8-bit I/O port in 16-bit bus
mode
PD6/D14
PD5/D13
PD4/D12
PD3/D11
PD2/D10
PD1/D9
PD0/D8
Port E • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PE5/D5
PE4/D4
PE3/D3
PE2/D2
PE1/D1
PE0/D0
Port F • 7-bit I/O
port
PF7/φ
If DDR = 0: input port
If DDR = 1: φ output
PF6/AS/SEG20
LCD segment output (SEG18 to SEG20) and
bus control signals (AS, RD, HWR)
LCD segment
output (SEG18
to SEG20) and
I/O port
PF3/LWR/ADTRG/
IRQ3
Bus control signal (LWR) and ADTRG, IRQ3
input
Input port and
ADTRG, IRQ3
input
PF2/WAIT/SEG17
If WAITE = 0 (following reset): LCD segment
output (SEG17) and input port
LCD segment
output
(SEG17) and
I/O port
PF5/RD/SEG19
PF4/HWR/SEG18
If WAITE = 1: LCD segment output (SEG17)
and WAIT input
Port H • 8-bit I/O
port
PF0/IRQ2
IRQ2 input and I/O port
PH7/PWM1H
Motor control PWM timer (channel 1) output pins (PWM1A to
PWM1H) and 8-bit I/O port
PH6/PWM1G
PH5/PWM1F
PH4/PWM1E
PH3/PWM1D
PH2/PWM1C
PH1/PWM1B
PH0/PWM1A
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 218 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port
Description
Port J • 8-bit I/O
port
Pins
PJ7/PWM2H
PJ6/PWM2G
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
Motor control PWM timer (channel 2) output pins (PWM2A to
PWM2H) and 8-bit I/O port
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ0/PWM2A
Port K • 2-bit I/O
port
PK7
2-bit I/O port
PK6
Table 9.1 (2) Port Functions (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
Port
Description
Port 1 • 8-bit I/O
port
• Schmitttriggered
input
(P16, P14)
Pins
P17/PO15/TIOCB2/
TCLKD
P16/PO14/TIOCA2/
IRQ1
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
TPU I/O pins (TCLKA, TCLKB, TCLKC, TCLKD, TIOCA0,
TIOCB0, TIOCC0, TIOCD0, TIOCA1, TIOCB1, TIOCA2,
TIOCB2), PPG output pins (PO15 to PO8), and interrupt input
pins (IRQ0, IRQ1), and 8-bit I/O port
P15/PO13/TIOCB1/
TCLKC
P14/PO12/TIOCA1/
IRQ0
P13/PO11/TIOCD0/
TCLKB
P12/PO10/TIOCC0/
TCLKA
P11/PO9/TIOCB0
P10/PO8/TIOCA0
Port 2 • 8-bit I/O
port
P27/TIOCB5
P26/TIOCA5
TPU I/O pins (TIOCB5, TIOCA5, TIOCB4, TIOCA4, TIOCD3,
TIOCC3, TIOCB3, TIOCA3) and 8-bit I/O port
P25/TIOCB4
P24/TIOCA4
P23/TIOCD3
P22/TIOCC3
P21/TIOCB3
P20/TIOCA3
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 219 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port
Description
Port 3 • 8-bit I/O
port
Pins
P37
P36
• Open-drain P35/SCK1/IRQ5
output
P34/RxD1
capability
P33/TxD1
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
SCI (channels 0, 1) I/O pins (TxD0, RxD0, SCK0, TxD1, RxD1,
SCK1), interrupt input pins (IRQ4, IRQ5), and 8-bit I/O port
P32/SCK0/IRQ4
P31/RxD0
P30/TxD0
Port 4 • 8-bit input
port
P47/AN7
A/D converter analog input (AN7 to AN0) and 8-bit input port
P46/AN6
P45/AN5
P44/AN4
P43/AN3
P42/AN2
P41/AN1
P40/AN0
Port 5 • 3-bit I/O
port
P52/SCK2
SCI (channel 2) I/O pins (SCK2, RxD2, TxD2) and 3-bit I/O port
P51/RxD2
P50/TxD2
Port 9 • 8-bit input
port
P97
A/D converter analog input (AN11 to AN8) and 8-bit input port
P96
P95
P94
P93/AN11
P92/AN10
P91/AN9
P90/AN8
Port A • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PA7/A23/SEG40
PA6/A22/SEG39
PA5/A21/SEG38
PA4/A20/SEG37
• Open-drain PA3/A19/COM4
PA2/A18/COM3
output
capability
PA1/A17/COM2
LCD segment and common output (SEG37 to LCD segment
SEG40, COM1 to COM4), address output (A23 and common
output (SEG37
to A16), and 8-bit I/O port
to SEG40,
COM1 to
COM4) and 8bit I/O port
PA0/A16/COM1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 220 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Port
Description
Port B • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
Pins
PB7/A15/SEG32
PB6/A14/SEG31
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
LCD segment output (SEG25 to SEG32),
address output (A15 to A8), and 8-bit I/O port
LCD segment
output (SEG25
to SEG32) and
8-bit I/O port
Address output (A7 to A0)
LCD segment
output (SEG17
to SEG24),
address output
(A7 to A0),
and 8-bit I/O
port
LCD segment
output (SEG17
to SEG24) and
8-bit I/O port
Data bus I/O
LCD segment
output (SEG9
to SEG16) and
data bus I/O
LCD segment
output (SEG17
to SEG24) and
8-bit I/O port
PB5/A13/SEG30
PB4/A12/SEG29
• Open-drain PB3/A11/SEG28
PB2/A10/SEG27
output
capability
PB1/A9/SEG26
PB0/A8/SEG25
Port C • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PC7/A7/SEG24
PC6/A6/SEG23
PC5/A5/SEG22
PC4/A4/SEG21
• Open-drain PC3/A3/SEG20
PC2/A2/SEG19
output
capability
PC1/A1/SEG18
PC0/A0/SEG17
Port D • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PD7 /D15/SEG16
PD6/D14/SEG15
PD5/D13/SEG14
PD4/D12/SEG13
PD3/D11/SEG12
PD2/D10/SEG11
PD1/D9/SEG10
PD0/D8/SEG9
Port E • 8-bit I/O
port
• Built-in
MOS input
pull-up
PE7/D7/SEG8
PE6/D6/SEG7
PE5/D5/SEG6
PE4/D4/SEG5
LCD segment output (SEG1 to SEG8) and I/O LCD segment
output (SEG1
port in 8-bit bus mode
to SEG8) and
LCD segment output (SEG1 to SEG8), data
8-bit I/O port
bus I/O port, and I/O port in 16-bit bus mode
PE3/D3/SEG4
PE2/D2/SEG3
PE1/D1/SEG2
PE0/D0/SEG1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 221 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Port
Description
Port F • 7-bit I/O
port
Pins
PF7/φ
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
If DDR = 1: φ output
LCD segment output (SEG34 to SEG36) and
bus control signals (AS, RD, HWR)
LCD segment
output (SEG34
to SEG36) and
I/O port
PF3/LWR/ADTRG/
IRQ3
Bus control signal (LWR) and ADTRG, IRQ3
input
I/O port and
ADTRG, IRQ3
input
PF2/WAIT/SEG33
If WAITE = 0, BREQUE = 0 (following reset):
LCD segment output (SEG33) and I/O port
LCD segment
output
(SEG33) and
I/O port
PF6/AS/SEG36
PF5/RD/SEG35
PF4/HWR/SEG34
If WAITE = 1, BREQUE = 0: LCD segment
output and WAIT input
Port H • 8-bit I/O
port
PF0/IRQ2
IRQ2 input and I/O port
PH7/PWM1H
PWM (channel 1) output and 8-bit I/O port
PH6/PWM1G
PH5/PWM1F
PH4/PWM1E
PH3/PWM1D
PH2/PWM1C
PH1/PWM1B
PH0/PWM1A
Port J • 8-bit I/O
port
PJ7/PWM2H
PWM (channel 2) output and 8-bit I/O port
PJ6/PWM2G
PJ5/PWM2F
PJ4/PWM2E
PJ3/PWM2D
PJ2/PWM2C
PJ1/PWM2B
PJ0/PWM2A
Port K • 2-bit I/O
port
Mode 7
If DDR = 0: input port
PK7
2-bit I/O port
PK6
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 222 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.2
Port 1
9.2.1
Overview
Port 1 is an 8-bit I/O port. Port 1 pins also function as PPG output pins (PO15 to PO8), TPU I/O
pins (TCLKA, TCLKB, TCLKC, TCLKD, TIOCA0, TIOCB0, TIOCC0, TIOCD0, TIOCA1,
TIOCB1, TIOCA2, and TIOCB2), and external interrupt pins (IRQ0 and IRQ1). Port 1 pin
functions change according to the operating mode.
Figure 9.1 shows the port 1 pin configuration.
P17 (I/O) / PO15 (output) / TIOCB2 (I/O) / TCLKD (input)
P16 (I/O) / PO14 (output) / TIOCA2 (I/O) / IRQ1 (input)
P15 (I/O) / PO13 (output) / TIOCB1 (I/O) / TCLKC (input)
Port 1
P14 (I/O) / PO12 (output) / TIOCA1 (I/O) / IRQ0 (input)
P13 (I/O) / PO11 (output) / TIOCD0 (I/O) / TCLKB (input)
P12 (I/O) / PO10 (output) / TIOCC0 (I/O) / TCLKA (input)
P11 (I/O) / PO9 (output) / TIOCB0 (I/O)
P10 (I/O) / PO8 (output) / TIOCA0 (I/O)
Figure 9.1 Port 1 Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 223 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.2.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.2 shows the port 1 register configuration.
Table 9.2
Port 1 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port 1 data direction register
P1DDR
W
H'00
H'FE30
Port 1 data register
P1DR
R/W
H'00
H'FF00
Port 1 register
PORT1
R
Undefined
H'FFB0
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port 1 Data Direction Register (P1DDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17DDR P16DDR P15DDR P14DDR P13DDR P12DDR P11DDR P10DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
P1DDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port 1. P1DDR cannot be read; if it is, an undefined value will be read.
Setting a P1DDR bit to 1 makes the corresponding port 1 pin an output pin, while clearing the bit
to 0 makes the pin an input pin.
P1DDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Port 1 Data Register (P1DR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17DR
P16DR
P15DR
P14DR
P13DR
P12DR
P11DR
P10DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P1DR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port 1 pins (P17 to P10).
P1DR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 224 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Port 1 Register (PORT1)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17
—*
P16
—*
P15
—*
P14
—*
P13
—*
P12
—*
P11
—*
P10
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins P17 to P10.
PORT1 is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port 1 pins (P17 to P10) must always be performed on P1DR.
If a port 1 read is performed while P1DDR bits are set to 1, the P1DR values are read. If a port 1
read is performed while P1DDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORT1 contents are determined by the pin states, as
P1DDR and P1DR are initialized. PORT1 retains its prior state in software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 225 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.2.3
Pin Functions
Port 1 pins also function as PPG output pins (PO15 to PO8), TPU I/O pins (TCLKA, TCLKB,
TCLKC, TCLKD, TIOCA0, TIOCB0, TIOCC0, TIOCD0, TIOCA1, TIOCB1, TIOCA2, and
TIOCB2), and external interrupt input pins (IRQ0 and IRQ1). Port 1 pin functions are shown in
table 9.3.
Table 9.3
Port 1 Pin Functions
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P17/PO15/
TIOCB2/
TCLKD
The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the TPU channel 2 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in TMDR2, bits IOB3 to IOB0
in TIOR2, and bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 in TCR2), bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in
TCR0 and TCR5, bit NDER15 in NDERH, and bit P17DDR.
TPU Channel
2 Setting
Table Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P17DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER15
—
—
0
1
Pin function
TIOCB2 output
P17
P17
PO15
input
output
output
TIOCB2 input*1
TCLKD input*2
Notes: 1. TIOCB2 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000 or B'01xx, and IOB3 =
1.
2. TCLKD input when the setting for either TCR0 or TCR5 is: TPSC2
to TPSC0 = B'111.
TCLKD input when channels 2 and 4 are set to phase counting
mode.
TPU Channel
2 Setting
(2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)
MD3 to MD0
B'0000, B'01xx
B'0010
B'0011
IOB3 to IOB0 B'0000 B'0001 to
—
B'xx00 Other than B'xx00
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
B'10
CCLR1,
Other
CCLR0
than B'10
—
—
—
—
Output
Output
PWM
function
compare
mode 2
output
output
x: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 226 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P16/PO14/
TIOCA2/
IRQ1
The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the TPU channel 2 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in TMDR2, bits IOA3 to IOA0
in TIOR2, and bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 in TCR2), bit NDER14 in NDERH, and
bit P16DDR.
TPU Channel
2 Setting
Table Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P16DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER14
—
—
0
1
TIOCA2 output
P16
input
P16
output
PO14 output
Pin function
TIOCA2 input*1
IRQ1 input
TPU Channel
2 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOA3 to IOA0
CCLR1,
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000, B'01xx
B'001x
B'0000 B'0001 to B'xx00
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
—
(1)
(1)
(2)
B'0010
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
—
Other
B'01
than B'01
PWM
PWM
—
mode 1 mode 2
output*2 output
x: Don’t care
Notes: 1. TIOCA2 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000 or B'01xx, and IOA3 =
1.
2. TIOCB2 output is disabled.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 227 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P15/PO13/
TIOCB1/TCLKC
The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the TPU channel 1 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in TMDR1, bits IOB3 to IOB0
in TIOR1, and bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 in TCR1), bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in
TCR0, TCR2, TCR4, and TCR5, bit NDER13 in NDERH, and bit P15DDR.
TPU Channel
1 Setting
Table Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P15DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER13
—
—
0
1
TIOCB1 output
P15
input
P15
output
PO13
output
Pin function
TIOCB1 input*1
TCLKC input*
2
Notes: 1. TIOCB1 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000 or B'01xx, and IOB3
to IOB0 = B'10xx.
2. TCLKC input when the setting for either TCR0 or TCR2 is: TPSC2
to TPSC0 = B'110; or when the setting for either TCR4 or TCR5 is
TPSC2 to TPSC0 = B'101.
TCLKC input when channels 2 and 4 are set to phase counting
mode.
TPU Channel
1 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOB3 to IOB0
CCLR1,
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000, B'01xx
B'0010
B'0000 B'0001 to
—
B'0011
B'0100
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 228 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Output
compare
output
—
(2)
B'xx00
—
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
Other
B'10
than
B'10
PWM
—
mode 2
output
x: Don’t care
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P14/PO12/
TIOCA1/IRQ0
The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the TPU channel 1 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in TMDR1, bits IOA3 to IOA0
in TIOR1, and bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 in TCR1), bit NDER12 in NDERH, and
bit P14DDR.
TPU Channel
1 Setting
Table Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P14DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER12
—
—
0
1
TIOCA1 output
P14
input
P14
output
PO12
output
Pin function
TIOCA1 input*1
IRQ0 input
TPU Channel
1 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOA3 to IOA0
CCLR1,
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000, B'01xx
B'001x
B'0000 B'0001 to B'xx00
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
—
(1)
B'0010
Other
than
B'xx00
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
—
Other
B'01
than B'01
PWM
PWM
—
mode 1 mode 2
2
output*
output
x: Don't care
Notes: 1. TIOCA1 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000 or B'01xx, and IOA3 to
IOA0 = B'10xx.
2. TIOCB1 output is disabled.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 229 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P13/PO11/
TIOCD0/TCLKB
The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the operating mode, and the TPU channel 0 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in
TMDR0, bits IOD3 to IOD0 in TIOR0L, and bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR0),
bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR0 to TCR2, bit NDER11 in NDERH, and bit
P13DDR.
TPU Channel
0 Setting
Table
Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P13DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER11
—
—
0
1
TIOCD0 output
P13 input
P13 output
PO11 output
Pin function
TIOCD0 input*1
TCLKB input*2
Notes: 1. TIOCD0 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000, and IOD3 to IOD0 =
B'10xx.
2. TCLKB input when the setting for TCR0 to TCR2 is: TPSC2 to
TPSC0 = B'101.
TCLKB input when channels 1 and 5 are set to phase counting
mode.
TPU Channel
0 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOD3 to IOD0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000
B'0010
B'0000 B'0001 to
—
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 230 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Output
compare
output
—
(2)
B'xx00
—
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
Other
B'110
than
B'110
—
PWM
mode 2
output
x: Don’t care
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P12/PO10/
TIOCC0/TCLKA
The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the operating mode, and the TPU channel 0 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in
TMDR0, bits IOC3 to IOC0 in TIOR0L, and bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR0),
bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR0 to TCR5, bit NDER10 in NDERH, and bit
P12DDR.
TPU Channel
0 Setting
Table
Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P12DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER10
—
—
0
1
TIOCC0
output
P12 input
P12 output
PO10 output
Pin function
TIOCC0 input*1
TCLKA input*2
TPU Channel
0 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOC3 to IOC0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
B'0000
B'0000 B'0001 to
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
(2)
B'001x
B'xx00
(1)
(1)
(2)
B'0010
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
—
—
—
PWM
mode 1
output*3
B'101
Other
than
B'101
PWM
—
mode 2
output
x: Don’t care
Notes: 1. TIOCC0 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000, and IOC3 to IOC0 =
B'10xx.
2. TCLKA input when the setting for TCR0 to TCR5 is: TPSC2 to
TPSC0 = B'100.
TCLKA input when channels 1 and 5 are set to phase counting
mode.
3. TIOCD0 output is disabled.
When BFA = 1 or BFB = 1 in TMDR0, output is disabled and
setting (2) applies.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 231 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P11/PO9/TIOCB0 The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the operating mode, and the TPU channel 0 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in
TMDR0, and bits IOB3 to IOB0 in TIOR0H), bit NDER9 in NDERH, and bit
P11DDR.
TPU Channel
0 Setting
Table
Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P11DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER9
—
—
0
1
TIOCB0
output
P11
input
P11
output
PO9
output
Pin function
TIOCB0 input*
Note: * TIOCB0 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000, and IOB3 to IOB0 =
B'10xx.
TPU Channel
0 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOB3 to IOB0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000
B'0010
B'0000 B'0001 to
—
B'0011
B'0100
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 232 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Output
compare
output
—
(2)
B'xx00
—
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
B'010
Other
than
B'010
PWM
—
mode 2
output
x: Don’t care
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P10/PO8/TIOCA0 The pin function is switched as shown below according to the combination of
the operating mode, and the TPU channel 0 setting (by bits MD3 to MD0 in
TMDR0, bits IOA3 to IOA0 in TIOR0H, and bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR0),
bit NDER8 in NDERH, SAE0 bit in DMABCRH, and bit P10DDR.
TPU Channel
0 Setting
Table
Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P10DDR
—
0
1
1
NDER8
—
—
0
1
TIOCA0
output
P10
input
P10
output
PO8
output
Pin function
TIOCA0 input*1
TPU Channel
0 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOA3 to IOA0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
B'0000
B'0000 B'0001 to
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
(2)
B'001x
B'xx00
(1)
(1)
(2)
B'0010
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
—
—
—
PWM
mode 1
output*2
Other
B'001
than
B'001
—
PWM
mode 2
output
x: Don’t care
Notes: 1. TIOCA0 input when MD3 to MD0 = B'0000, and IOA3 to IOA0 =
B'10xx.
2. TIOCB0 output is disabled.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 233 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.3
Port 2
9.3.1
Overview
Port 2 is an 8-bit I/O port. Port 2 also functions as TPU I/O pins (TIOCB5, TIOCA5, TIOCB4,
TIOCA4, TIOCD3, TIOCC3, TIOCB3, TIOCA3). The pin functions of port 2 change with the
operating mode.
Figure 9.2 shows the pin functions for port 2.
Port 2 pins
P27 (I/O) / TIOCB5 (I/O)
P26 (I/O) / TIOCA5 (I/O)
P25 (I/O) / TIOCB4 (I/O)
P24 (I/O) / TIOCA4 (I/O)
Port 2
P23 (I/O) / TIOCD3 (I/O)
P22 (I/O) / TIOCC3 (I/O)
P21 (I/O) / TIOCB3 (I/O)
P20 (I/O) / TIOCA3 (I/O)
Figure 9.2 Port 2 Pin Functions
9.3.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.4 shows the configuration of port 3 registers.
Table 9.4
Port 2 Register Configuration
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port 2 data direction register
P2DDR
W
H'00
H'FE31
Port 2 data register
P2DR
R/W
H'00
H'FF01
Port 2 register
PORT2
R
Undefined
H'FFB1
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 234 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Port 2 Data Direction Register (P2DDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P27DDR P26DDR P25DDR P24DDR P23DDR P22DDR P21DDR P20DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
P2DDR is an 8-bit write-only register that specifies whether individual bits are input or output for
each of the pins in port 2. It is not possible to read it. An undefined value is returned if an attempt
is made to read it.
Setting one of the bits of P2DDR to 1 sets the corresponding pin in port 2 to output, and clearing
the bit to 0 sets the corresponding pin to input.
P2DDR is initialized to H'00 if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode. The previous
values are retained by P2DDR in the software standby mode.
Port 2 Data Register (P2DR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P27DR
P26DR
P25DR
P24DR
P23DR
P22DR
P21DR
P20DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P2DR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port 2 pins (P27 to P20).
P2DR is initialized to H'00 if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode. The previous
values are retained in the software standby mode.
Port 2 Register (PORT2)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P27
—*
P26
—*
P25
—*
P24
—*
P23
—*
P22
—*
P21
—*
P20
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins P27 to P20.
PORT2 is an 8-bit read-only register. It is not possible to write to it. It reflects the states of the
pins. Always write output data from the port 2 pins (P27 to P20) to P2DR.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 235 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
If P2DDR is set to 1, the value of P2DR is returned when port 2 is read. If P2DDR is cleared to 0,
the pin states are returned when port 2 is read.
P2DDR and P2DR are initialized if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode, so the
content of PORT2 is determined by the pin states. The previous states are retained in the software
standby mode.
9.3.3
Pin Functions
The port 2 pins also function as TPU I/O pins (TIOCB5, TIOCA5, TIOCB4, TIOCA4, TIOCD3,
TIOCC3, TIOCB3, TIOCA3). The pin functions of port 2 change with the operating mode.
Table 9.5 lists the pin functions for port 2.
Table 9.5
Port 2 Pin Functions
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P27/TIOCB5
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 5
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR5, bits IOB3 to IOB0 of TIOR5,
and bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 of TCR5, as well as the P27DDR bit.
TPU Channel
5 Setting
Table Below (1)
Table Below (2)
P27DDR
—
0
1
Pin function
TIOCB5 output
P27 input
P27 output
TIOCB5 input*
Note: * TIOCB5 input if MD3 to MD0 = 0, B'0000, B'01xx, and IOB = 1.
TPU Channel
5 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOB3 to IOB0
CCLR1,
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000, B'01xx
B'0010
B'0000 B'0001 to
—
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 236 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Output
compare
output
—
(2)
B'xx00
—
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
Other
than B'10
PWM
mode 2
output
B'10
—
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P26/TIOCA5
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 5
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR5, bits IOA3 to IOA0 of TIOR5,
and bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 of TCR5, as well as the P26DDR bit.
TPU Channel
5 Setting
Table Below (1)
P26DDR
Pin function
Table Below (2)
—
0
TIOCA5 output
P26 input*
1
P26 output
TIOCA5 input*
TPU Channel
5 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOA3 to IOA0
CCLR1,
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000, B'01xx
B'001x
B'0000 B'0001 to B'xx00
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
Note: * TIOCB5 output prohibited.
—
(1)
(1)
(2)
B'0010
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
—
Other
than B'01
PWM
PWM
mode 1 mode 2
output*
output
B'01
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 237 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P25/TIOCB4
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 4
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR4, bits IOB3 to IOB0 of TIOR4,
and bits CCR1 and CCR0 of TCR4, as well as the P25DDR bit.
TPU Channel
4 Setting
Table Below (1)
P25DDR
Pin function
Table Below (2)
—
0
1
TIOCB4 output
P25 input
P25 output
TIOCB4 input
TPU Channel
4 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOB3 to IOB0
CCLR1,
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000, B'01xx
B'0010
B'0000 B'0001 to
—
B'0011
B'0100
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 238 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Output
compare
output
—
(2)
B'xx00
—
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
Other
than
B'10
PWM
mode 2
output
B'10
—
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P24/TIOCA4
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 4
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR4, bits IOA3 to IOA0 of TIOR4,
and bits CCR1 and CCR0 of TCR4, as well as the P24DDR bit.
TPU Channel
4 Setting
Table Below (1)
P24DDR
Pin function
Table Below (2)
—
0
TIOCA4 output
P24 input*
1
P24 output
TIOCA4 input*
TPU Channel
4 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOA3 to IOA0
CCLR1,
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000, B'01xx
B'001x
B'0000 B'0001 to B'xx00
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
Note: * TIOCB4 output prohibited.
—
(1)
B'0010
Other
than
B'xx00
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
Other
than B'01
PWM
PWM
mode 1 mode 2
output*
output
B'01
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 239 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P23/TIOCD3
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 3
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR3, bits IOD3 to IOD0 of TIOR3L,
and bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 of TCR3, as well as the P23DDR bit.
TPU Channel
3 Setting
Table Below (1)
P23DDR
Pin function
Table Below (2)
—
0
1
TIOCD3 output
P23 input
P23 output
TIOCD3 input
TPU Channel
3 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOD3 to IOD0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
B'0000
B'0000 B'0001 to
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 240 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Output
compare
output
(2)
B'001x
—
(2)
B'0010
Other
than
B'xx00
—
—
—
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
Other
than
B'110
PWM
mode 2
output
B'110
—
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P22/TIOCC3
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 3
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR3, bits IOC3 to IOC0 of TIOR3L,
and bits CCR2 to CCR0 of TCR3, as well as the P22DDR bit.
TPU Channel
3 Setting
Table Below (1)
P22DDR
Pin function
Table Below (2)
—
0
1
TIOCC3 output
P22 input
P22 output
TIOCC3 input
TPU Channel
3 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOC3 to IOC0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
B'0000
B'0000 B'0001 to
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
Note: * TIOCD3 output prohibited.
(2)
B'001x
B'xx00
(1)
(1)
(2)
B'0010
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
—
—
—
PWM
mode 1
output*
Other
than
B'101
PWM
mode 2
output
B'101
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 241 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P21/TIOCB3
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 3
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR3, bits IOB3 to IOB0 of TIOR3L,
and bits CCR2 to CCR0 of TCR3, as well as the P21DDR bit.
TPU Channel
3 Setting
Table Below (1)
P21DDR
Pin function
Table Below (2)
—
0
1
TIOCB3 output
P21 input
P21 output
TIOCB3 input
TPU Channel
3 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOB3 to IOB0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
(2)
B'0000
B'0010
B'0000 B'0001 to
—
B'0011
B'0100
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 242 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Output
compare
output
—
(2)
B'xx00
—
—
(1)
(2)
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
Other
than
B'010
PWM
mode 2
output
B'010
—
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P20/TIOCA3
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the TPU channel 3
setting made using bits MD3 to MD0 of TMDR3, bits IOA3 to IOA0 of TIOR3L,
and bits CCR2 to CCR0 of TCR3, as well as the P20DDR bit.
TPU Channel
3 Setting
Table Below (1)
P20DDR
Pin function
Table Below (2)
—
0
1
TIOCA3 output
P20 input
P20 output
TIOCA3 input
TPU Channel
0 Setting
MD3 to MD0
IOA3 to IOA0
CCLR2 to
CCLR0
Output
function
(2)
(1)
B'0000
B'0000 B'0001 to
B'0100 B'0011
B'1xxx B'0101 to
B'0111
—
—
—
Output
compare
output
Note: * TIOCB3 output prohibited.
(2)
B'001x
B'xx00
(1)
(1)
(2)
B'0010
B'0011
Other than B'xx00
—
—
—
PWM
mode 1
output*
Other
than
B'001
PWM
mode 2
output
B'001
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 243 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.4
Port 3
9.4.1
Overview
Port 3 is an 8-bit I/O port. Port 3 is a multi-purpose port for SCI I/O pins (TxD0, RxD0, SCK0,
TxD1, RxD1, SCK1), and external interrupt input pins (IRQ4, IRQ5). All of the port 3 pin
functions have the same operating mode. The configuration for each of the port 3 pins is shown in
figure 9.3.
Port 3 pins
P37 (I/O)
P36 (I/O)
P35 (I/O) / SCK1 (I/O) / IRQ5 (input)
P34 (I/O) / RxD1 (input)
Port 3
P33 (I/O) / TxD1 (output)
P32 (I/O) / SCK0 (I/O) / IRQ4 (input)
P31 (I/O) / RxD0 (input)
P30 (I/O) / TxD0 (output)
Figure 9.3 Port 3 Pin Functions
9.4.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.6 shows the configuration of port 3 registers.
Table 9.6
Port 3 Register Configuration
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port 3 data direction register
P3DDR
W
H'00
H'FE32
Port 3 data register
P3DR
R/W
H'00
H'FF02
Port 3 register
PORT3
R
Undefined
H'FFB2
Port 3 open drain control register
P3ODR
R/W
H'00
H'FE46
Notes: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 244 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Port 3 Data Direction Register (P3DDR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P37DDR P36DDR P35DDR P34DDR P33DDR P32DDR P31DDR P30DDR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
P3DDR is an 8-bit write-dedicated register, which specifies the I/O for each port 3 pin by bit.
Read is disenabled. If a read is carried out, undefined values are read out.
By setting P3DDR to 1, the corresponding port 3 pins become output, and be clearing to 0 they
become input.
P3DDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. The previous state is
maintained in software standby mode. SCI is initialized, so the pin state is determined by the
specification of P3DDR and P3DR.
Port 3 Data Register (P3DR)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P37DR
P36DR
P35DR
P34DR
P33DR
P32DR
P31DR
P30DR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bit
P3DR is an 8-bit readable/writable register, which stores the output data of port 3 pins (P37 to
P30).
P3DR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. The previous state is
maintained in software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 245 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Port 3 Register (PORT3)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P37
P36
P35
P34
P33
P32
P31
P30
Initial value
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
—*
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Bit
Note: * Determined by the state of pins P37 to P30.
PORT3 is an 8-bit read-dedicated register, which reflects the state of pins. Write is disenabled.
Always carry out writing off output data of port 3 pins (P37 to P30) to P3DR without fail.
When P3DDR is set to 1, if port 3 is read, the values of P3DR are read. When P3DDR is cleared
to 0, if port 3 is read, the states of pins are read out.
P3DDR and P3DR are initialized by a reset and in hardware standby mode, so PORT3 is
determined by the state of the pins. The previous state is maintained in software standby mode.
Port 3 Open Drain Control Register (P3ODR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P37ODR P36ODR P35ODR P34ODR P33ODR P32ODR P31ODR P30ODR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
P3ODR is an 8-bit readable/writable register, which controls the on/off of port 3 pins (P37 to
P30).
By setting P3ODR to 1, the port 3 pins become an open drain output, and when cleared to 0 they
become CMOS output.
P3ODR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. The previous state is
maintained in software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 246 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.4.3
Pin Functions
The port 3 pins also function as SCI I/O input pins (TxD0, RxD0, SCK0, TxD1, RxD1, and
SCK1) and as external interrupt input pins (IRQ4 and IRQ5). The functions of port 3 pins are
shown in table 9.7.
Table 9.7
Port 3 Pin Functions
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P37
Switches as follows according to the setting of the P37DDR bit.
P37DDR
Pin function
0
1
P37 input pin
P37 output pin*
Note: * When P37ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain output.
P36
Switches as follows according to the setting of the P36DDR bit.
P36DDR
Pin function
0
1
P36 input pin
P36 output pin*
Note: * When P36ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain output.
P35/SCK1/
IRQ5
Switches as follows according to the combinations of the C/A bit of SMR1, the
CKE0 and CKE1 bits of SCR, and the P35DDR bit.
CKE1
0
C/A
0
CKE0
P35DDR
Pin function
1
0
1
—
1
—
—
0
1
—
—
—
P35
input pin
P35
output pin*
SCK1
output pin*
SCK1
output pin*
SCK1
input pin
IRQ5 input
Note: * When P35ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain output.
P34/RxD1
Switches as follows according to combinations of bit RE of SCR1 and bit P34DDR.
RE
P34DDR
Pin function
0
1
0
1
—
P34 input pin
P34 output pin*
RxD1 input pin
Note: * When P34ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain tray.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 247 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P33/TxD1
Switches as follows according to combinations of bit TE of SCR1 and bit P33DDR.
TE
0
P33DDR
Pin function
1
0
1
—
P33 input pin
P33 output pin*
TxD1 output pin*
Note: * When P33ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain output.
P32/SCK0/
IRQ4
Switches as follows according to combinations of bit C/A of SMR0, bits CKE0 and
CKE1 of SCR0, and bit P32DDR.
CKE1
0
C/A
CKE0
P32DDR
Pin function
1
0
1
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
1
P32
input pin
P32
output pin
SCK0 output SCK0 output
pin*
pin*
SCK0
input pin
IRQ4 input
Note: * When P32ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain output.
P31/RxD0
Switches as follows according to combinations of bit RE of SCR0 and bit P31DDR.
RE
P31DDR
Pin function
0
1
0
1
—
P31 input pin
P31 output pin*
RxD0 input pin
Note: * When P31ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain output.
P30/TxD0
Switches as follows according to combinations of bit TE of SCR0 and bit P30DDR.
TE
P30DDR
Pin function
0
1
0
1
—
P30 input pin
P30 output pin*
TxD0 output pin*
Note: * When P30ODR = 1, it becomes NMOS open drain output.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 248 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.5
Port 4
9.5.1
Overview
Port 4 is an 8-bit input-only port. Port 4 pins also function as A/D converter analog input pins
(AN0 to AN7). Port 4 pin functions are the same in all operating modes. Figure 9.4 shows the port
4 pin configuration.
Port 4 pins
P47 (input) / AN7 (input)
P46 (input) / AN6 (input)
P45 (input) / AN5 (input)
Port 4
P44 (input) / AN4 (input)
P43 (input) / AN3 (input)
P42 (input) / AN2 (input)
P41 (input) / AN1 (input)
P40 (input) / AN0 (input)
Figure 9.4 Port 4 Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 249 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.5.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.8 shows the port 4 register configuration. Port 4 is an input-only port, and does not have a
data direction register or data register.
Table 9.8
Port 4 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port 4 register
PORT4
R
Undefined
H'FFB3
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port 4 Register (PORT4): The pin states are always read when a port 4 read is performed.
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P47
—*
P46
—*
P45
—*
P44
—*
P43
—*
P42
—*
P41
—*
P40
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins P47 to P40.
9.5.3
Pin Functions
Port 4 pins also function as A/D converter analog input pins (AN0 to AN7).
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 250 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.6
Port 5
9.6.1
Overview
Port 5 is a 3-bit I/O port. The pin functions of port 5 are the same in all operating modes. Figures
9.5 (1) and 9.5 (2) show the pin functions for port 5.
Port 5 pins
Port 5
P52 (I/O)
P51 (I/O)
P50 (I/O)
Figure 9.5 (1) Port 5 Pin Functions (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
Port 5 pins
Port 5
P52 (I/O) / SCK2 (I/O)
P51 (I/O) / RxD2 (input)
P50 (I/O) / TxD2 (output)
Figure 9.5 (2) Port 5 Pin Functions (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 251 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.6.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.9 shows the port 5 register configuration.
Table 9.9
Port 5 Register Configuration
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value*2
Address*1
Port 5 data direction register
P5DDR
W
H'0
H'FE34
Port 5 data register
P5DR
R/W
H'0
H'FF04
Port 5 register
PORT5
R
H'0
H'FFB4
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Value of bits 2 to 0.
Port 5 Data Direction Register (P5DDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
—
—
—
—
—
2
1
0
P52DDR P51DDR P50DDR
Initial value : Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
:
—
—
—
—
—
P5DDR is an 8-bit write-only register that specifies whether individual bits are input or output for
each of each of the pins in port 5. It is not possible to read it. An undefined value is returned if an
attempt is made to read it.
Setting one of the bits of P5DDR to 1 sets the corresponding pin in port 5 to output, and clearing
the bit to 0 sets the corresponding pin to input.
P5DDR is initialized to H'0 (bits 2 to 0) if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode. The
previous values are retained by P5DDR in the software standby mode. Since SCI is initialized in
the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647, the pin states are determined by the by the P5DDR and
P5DR settings.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 252 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port 5 Data Register (P5DR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
P52DR
P51DR
P50DR
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value : Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
R/W
:
—
—
—
—
—
P5DR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port 5 pins (P52 to P50).
P5DR is initialized to H'00 if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode. The previous
values are retained in the software standby mode.
Port 5 Register (PORT5)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
P52
—*
P51
—*
P50
—*
R
R
R
Initial value : Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
R/W
:
—
—
—
—
—
Note: * Determined by state of pins P52 to P50.
PORT5 is an 8-bit read-only register that reflects the states of the pins. It is not possible to write to
it. Always write output data from the port 5 pins (P52 to P50) to P5DR.
If P5DDR is set to 1, the value of P5DR is returned when port 5 is read. If P5DDR is cleared to 0,
the pin states are returned when port 5 is read.
P5DDR and P5DR are initialized if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode, so the
content of PORT5 is determined by the pin states. The previous states are retained in the software
standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 253 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.6.3
Pin Functions
Tables 9.10 (1) and 9.10 (2) list the pin functions for port 5. In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and
H8S/2647, port 5 pins also function as SCI I/O pins (TxD2, RxD2, and SCK2).
Table 9.10 (1)
Port 5 Pin Functions (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P52
Switches as follows according to the setting of the P52DDR bit.
P52DDR
Pin function
P51
0
1
P52 input pin
P52 output pin
Switches as follows according to the setting of the P51DDR bit.
P51DDR
Pin function
P50
0
1
P51 input pin
P51 output pin
Switches as follows according to the setting of the P50DDR bit.
P50DDR
Pin function
0
1
P50 input pin
P50 output pin
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 254 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Table 9.10 (2)
Port 5 Pin Functions (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
P52/SCK2
Switches as follows according to a combination of the C/A bit in SMR and bits
CKE0 and CKE1 in SCR of SCI2, and the P52DDR bit.
CKE1
0
C/A
0
CK0
P52DDR
1
1
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
Pin function P52 input pin P52 output SCK2 output SCK2 output SCK2 input
pin
pin
pin
pin
P51/RxD2
Switches as follows according to a combination of the RE bit in SCR of SCI2 and
the P51DDR bit.
RE
P51DDR
Pin function
P50/TxD2
0
1
0
1
—
P51 input pin
P51 output pin
RxD2 input pin
Switches as follows according to a combination of the TE bit in SCR of SCI2 and
the P50DDR bit.
TE
P50DDR
Pin function
0
1
0
1
—
P50 input pin
P50 output pin
P50 output pin
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 255 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.7
Port 9
9.7.1
Overview
Port 9 is an 8-bit input-only port. Port 9 pins also function as A/D converter analog input pins
(AN8 to AN11). Port 9 pin functions are the same in all operating modes. Figure 9.6 shows the
port 9 pin configuration.
Port 9 pins
P97 (input)
P96 (input)
P95 (input)
Port 9
P94 (input)
P93 (input) / AN11 (input)
P92 (input) / AN10 (input)
P91 (input) / AN9 (input)
P90 (input) / AN8 (input)
Figure 9.6 Port 9 Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 256 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.7.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.11 shows the port 9 register configuration. Port 9 is an input-only port, and does not have
a data direction register or data register.
Table 9.11 Port 9 Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port 9 register
PORT9
R
Undefined
H'FFB8
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port 9 Register (PORT9): The pin states are always read when a port 9 read is performed.
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P97
—*
P96
—*
P95
—*
P94
—*
P93
—*
P92
—*
P91
—*
P90
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins P97 to P90.
9.7.3
Pin Functions
Port 9 pins also function as A/D converter analog input pins (AN8 to AN11).
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 257 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.8
Port A
9.8.1
Overview
Port A is an 8-bit I/O port. Port A pins also function as address bus outputs and LCD driver output
pins (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645: SEG24 to SEG21 and COM4 to COM1, H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R, H8S/2647: SEG40 to Seg37 and COM4 to COM1). The pin functions change
according to the operating mode.
Port A has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software.
Figure 9.7 shows the port A pin configuration.
Port A pins
Pin functions in modes 4 to 6
*1
*2
PA7 (I/O) / A23 (output) / SEG24*1 (output) / SEG40*2 (output)
PA6 / A22 / SEG23*1 / SEG39*2
PA6 (I/O) / A22 (output) / SEG23*1 (output) / SEG39*2 (output)
PA7 / A23 / SEG24
*1
*2
PA5 (I/O) / A21 (output) / SEG22*1 (output) / SEG38*2 (output)
PA4 / A20 / SEG21*1 / SEG37*2
PA4 (I/O) / A20 (output) / SEG21*1 (output) / SEG37*2 (output)
PA3 / A19 / COM4*1 / COM4*2
PA3 (I/O) / A19 (output) / COM4*1 (output) / COM4*2 (output)
PA5 / A21 / SEG22
Port A
/ SEG40
*1
/ SEG38
*2
PA2 (I/O) / A18 (output) / COM3*1 (output) / COM3*2 (output)
PA1 / A17 / COM2*1 / COM2*2
PA1 (I/O) / A17 (output) / COM2*1 (output) / COM2*2 (output)
PA0 / A16 / COM1*1 / COM1*2
PA0 (I/O) / A16 (output) / COM1*1 (output) / COM1*2 (output)
PA2 / A18 / COM3
/ COM3
Mode 7 pins
PA7 (I/O) / SEG24*1 (output) / SEG40*2 (output)
PA6 (I/O) / SEG23*1 (output) / SEG39*2 (output)
PA5 (I/O) / SEG22*1 (output) / SEG38*2 (output)
PA4 (I/O) / SEG21*1 (output) / SEG37*2 (output)
PA3 (I/O) / COM4*1 (output) / COM4*2 (output)
PA2 (I/O) / COM3*1 (output) / COM3*2 (output)
PA1 (I/O) / COM2*1 (output) / COM2*2 (output)
PA0 (I/O) / COM1*1 (output) / COM1*2 (output)
Notes: 1.
2.
In the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Figure 9.7 Port A Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 258 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.8.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.12 shows the port A register configuration.
Table 9.12 Port A Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port A data direction register
PADDR
W
H'00
H'FE39
Port A data register
PADR
R/W
H'00
H'FF09
Port A register
PORTA
R
Undefined
H'FFB9
Port A MOS pull-up control register
PAPCR
R/W
H'00
H'FE40
Port A open-drain control register
PAODR
R/W
H'00
H'FE47
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port A Data Direction Register (PADDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PA7DDR PA6DDR PA5DDR PA4DDR PA3DDR PA2DDR PA1DDR PA0DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
PADDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port A. PADDR cannot be read; if it is, an undefined value will be read.
PADDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode. The OPE bit in SBYCR is used to select whether the address output pins
retain their output state or become high-impedance when a transition is made to software standby
mode.
• Modes 4 to 6
These function as segment pins if the values of bits SGS3 to SGS0 of LPCR, the LCD driver,
are other than B'0000. If the value of bits SGS3 to SGS0 is B'0000, the port A pins function as
address outputs as specified by the setting of bits AE3 to AE0 of PFCR, regardless of the
values of bits PA7DDR to PA0DDR. Also, when the pins are not used as address outputs,
setting a PADDR bit to 1 makes the corresponding port A pin an output port, and clearing a bit
to 0 makes the corresponding pin an input port.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 259 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
• Mode 7
These function as segment pins if the values of bits SGS3 to SGS0 of LPCR, the LCD driver,
are other than B'0000. If the value of bits SGS3 to SGS0 is B'0000, setting a PADDR bit to 1
makes the corresponding port A pin an output port, and clearing a bit to 0 makes the
corresponding pin an input port.
Port A Data Register (PADR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PA7DR
PA6DR
PA5DR
PA4DR
PA3DR
PA2DR
PA1DR
PA0DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PADR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port A pins (PA7 to
PA0).
PADR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Port A Register (PORTA)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PA7
—*
PA6
—*
PA5
—*
PA4
—*
PA3
—*
PA2
—*
PA1
—*
PA0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins PA7 to PA0.
PORTA is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port A pins (PA7 to PA0) must always be performed on PADR.
Reading a pin being used as an LCD driver returns an undefined value.
If a port A read is performed while PADDR bits are set to 1, the PADR values are read. If a port A
read is performed while PADDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTA contents are determined by the pin states, as
PADDR and PADR are initialized. PORTA retains its prior state in software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 260 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port A MOS Pull-Up Control Register (PAPCR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PA7PCR PA6PCR PA5PCR PA4PCR PA3PCR PA2PCR PA1PCR PA0PCR
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PAPCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the MOS input pull-up function
incorporated into port A on an individual bit basis.
In modes 4 to 6, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in PFCR, in LPCR,
and in DDR, setting the corresponding PAPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for that
pin.
In mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in LPCR and DDR, setting
the corresponding PAPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for that pin.
PAPCR is initialized by a reset or to H'00, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state
in software standby mode.
Port A Open Drain Control Register (PAODR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PA7ODR PA6ODR PA5ODR PA4ODR PA3ODR PA2ODR PA1ODR PA0ODR
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PAODR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls whether PMOS is on or off for each
port A pin (PA7 to PA0).
When pins are not address and LCD outputs in accordance with the setting of bits AE3 to AE0 in
PFCR, setting a PAODR bit makes the corresponding port A pin an NMOS open-drain output,
while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin a CMOS output.
PAODR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 261 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.8.3
Pin Functions
Port A pins also function as address bus outputs and LCD driver output pins (SEG21 to SEG24
and COM1 to COM4). The pin functions differ between modes 4 to 6, and mode 7. Port A pin
functions are shown in tables 9.13 and 9.14.
Table 9.13 PA7 to PA4 Pin Functions
Pin
H8S/2646
H8S/2646R
H8S/2645
H8S/2648
H8S/2648R
H8S/2647
Selection Method and Pin Functions
PA7/A23/
SEG24 to
PA4/A20/
SEG21
PA7/A23/
SEG40 to
PA4/A20/
SEG37
Switches as follows according to the combinations of bits SGS3 to SGS0 of LCD
driver LPCR, bits AE3 to AE0 of PFGR, and bits PA7DDR to PA4DDR of PADDR.
Setting of
SGS3 to SGS0
Port
H8S/2646, H8S/2648,
H8S/2646R, H8S/2648R,
H8S/2645 H8S/2647
Operating
mode
Setting of AE3
to AE0
PAnDDR
Pin function
SEG output
Modes 4 to 6
Mode 7
—
—
Address Address output
disabled
output
enabled
—
—
—
—
—
—
A23 to
A20
output
0
1
0
1
PA7 to PA7 to PA7 to PA7 to SEG24 to
SEG21
PA4
PA4
PA4
PA4
output
input output input output
SEG40 to
SEG37
output
n = 7 to 4
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 262 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Table 9.14 PA3 to PA0 Pin Functions
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
PA3/A19/COM4 to Switches as follows according to the combinations of bits SGS3 to SGS0 of
PA0/A16/COM1
LCD driver LPCR, bits AE3 to AE0 of PFGR, and bits PA3DDR to PA0DDR of
PADDR.
Setting of
0000
Other than
SGS3 to SGS0
0000
Operating
Modes 4 to 6
Mode 7
—
mode
Setting of AE3 Address
Address output
—
—
to AE0
disabled
output
enabled
PAnDDR
—
0
1
0
1
—
Pin function
A19 to
PA3 to
PA3 to
PA3 to
PA3 to COM1 to
A16
PA0 input
PA0
PA0 input
PA0
COM4
output
output
output
output
n = 3 to 0
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 263 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.8.4
MOS Input Pull-Up Function
Port A has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. MOS input
pull-up can be specified as on or off on an individual bit basis.
In modes 4 to 6, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in PFCR, in LPCR,
and in DDR, setting the corresponding PAPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for that
pin.
In mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in the LPCR and in DDR,
setting the corresponding PAPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for that pin.
The MOS input pull-up function is in the off state after a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
The prior state is retained in software standby mode.
Table 9.15 summarizes the MOS input pull-up states.
Table 9.15 MOS Input Pull-Up States (Port A)
Pin States
Reset
Hardware
Standby Mode
Software
Standby Mode
In Other
Operations
Address output or
SCI output
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
Other than above
Legend:
OFF:
MOS input pull-up is always off.
ON/OFF: On when PADDR = 0 and PAPCR = 1; otherwise off.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 264 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.9
Port B
9.9.1
Overview
Port B is an 8-bit I/O port. Port B also functions as LCD driver output pins (H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R, H8S/2645: SEG16 to SEG9, H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647: SEG32 to SEG9)
and as address bus outputs. The pin functions are determined by the operating mode.
Port B has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software.
Figure 9.8 shows the port B pin configuration.
Port B pins
Pin functions in modes 4 to 6
PB7 / A15 / SEG16*1 / SEG32*2
Port B
PB6 / A14 / SEG15
*1
PB5 / A13 / SEG14
*1
PB4 / A12 / SEG13
*1
PB3 / A11 / SEG12
*1
PB2 / A10 / SEG11
*1
PB7 (I/O) / A15 (output) / SEG16*1 (output) / SEG32*2 (output)
*2
PB6 (I/O) / A14 (output) / SEG15*1 (output) / SEG31*2 (output)
*2
PB5 (I/O) / A13 (output) / SEG14*1 (output) / SEG30*2 (output)
*2
PB4 (I/O) / A12 (output) / SEG13*1 (output) / SEG29*2 (output)
*2
PB3 (I/O) / A11 (output) / SEG12*1 (output) / SEG28*2 (output)
*2
PB2 (I/O) / A10 (output) / SEG11*1 (output) / SEG27*2 (output)
/ SEG31
/ SEG30
/ SEG29
/ SEG28
/ SEG27
PB1 / A9 / SEG10*1 / SEG26*2
PB1 (I/O) / A9
(output) / SEG10*1 (output) / SEG26*2 (output)
PB0 / A8 / SEG9*1 / SEG25*2
PB0 (I/O) / A8
(output) / SEG9*1 (output) / SEG25*2 (output)
Mode 7 pins
PB7 (I/O) / SEG16*1 (output) / SEG32*2 (output)
PB6 (I/O) / SEG15*1 (output) / SEG31*2 (output)
PB5 (I/O) / SEG14*1 (output) / SEG30*2 (output)
PB4 (I/O) / SEG13*1 (output) / SEG29*2 (output)
PB3 (I/O) / SEG12*1 (output) / SEG28*2 (output)
PB2 (I/O) / SEG11*1 (output) / SEG27*2 (output)
PB1 (I/O) / SEG10*1 (output) / SEG26*2 (output)
PB0 (I/O) / SEG9*1 (output) / SEG25*2 (output)
Notes: 1. In the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
2. In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Figure 9.8 Port B Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 265 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.9.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.16 shows the port B register configuration.
Table 9.16 Port B Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port B data direction register
PBDDR
W
H'00
H'FE3A
Port B data register
PBDR
R/W
H'00
H'FF0A
Port B register
PORTB
R
Undefined
H'FFBA
Port B MOS pull-up control register
PBPCR
R/W
H'00
H'FE41
Port B open-drain control register
PBODR
R/W
H'00
H'FE48
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port B Data Direction Register (PBDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PB7DDR PB6DDR PB5DDR PB4DDR PB3DDR PB2DDR PB1DDR PB0DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
PBDDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port B. PBDDR cannot be read; if it is, an undefined value will be read.
PBDDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode. The OPE bit in SBYCR is used to select whether the address output pins
retain their output state or become high-impedance when a transition is made to software standby
mode.
Port B Data Register (PBDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PB7DR
PB6DR
PB5DR
PB4DR
PB3DR
PB2DR
PB1DR
PB0DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PBDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port B pins (PB7 to
PB0). PBDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior
state in software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 266 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port B Register (PORTB)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PB7
—*
PB6
—*
PB5
—*
PB4
—*
PB3
—*
PB2
—*
PB1
—*
PB0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins PB7 to PB0.
PORTB is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port B pins (PB7 to PB0) must always be performed on PBDR.
If a port B read is performed while PBDDR bits are set to 1, the PBDR values are read. If a port B
read is performed while PBDDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
Reading a pin being used as an LCD driver returns an undefined value.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTB contents are determined by the pin states, as
PBDDR and PBDR are initialized. PORTB retains its prior state in software standby mode.
Port B MOS Pull-Up Control Register (PBPCR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PB7PCR PB6PCR PB5PCR PB4PCR PB3PCR PB2PCR PB1PCR PB0PCR
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PBPCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the MOS input pull-up function
incorporated into port B on an individual bit basis.
In modes 4 to 6, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in the LCD driver’s
LPCR and in DDR, setting the corresponding PBPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for
that pin.
In mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in the DDR, setting the
corresponding PBPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for that pin.
PBPCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 267 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port B Open Drain Control Register (PBODR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PB7ODR PB6ODR PB5ODR PB4ODR PB3ODR PB2ODR PB1ODR PB0ODR
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PBODR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the PMOS on/off state for each port B
pin (PB7 to PB0).
When pins are not address outputs in accordance with the setting of bits AE3 to AE0 in PFCR,
setting a PBODR bit makes the corresponding port B pin an NMOS open-drain output, while
clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin a CMOS output.
Do not set PBODR to 1 if the pins are being used for LCD driver output.
PBODR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
9.9.3
Pin Functions
Port B pins also function as LCD driver output pins (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645: SEG16 to
SEG9, H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647: SEG32 to SEG25) and address bus outputs. The pin
functions differ between modes 4 to 6 and mode 7. Port B pin functions are shown in table 9.17.
Table 9.17 Port B Pin Functions
Setting of SGS3
to SGS0
Operating mode
Setting of AE3
to AE0
PBnDDR
Pin function
Port
Modes 4 to 6
Address
Address output
output
disabled
enabled
—
0
1
A15 to A8 PB7 to
PB7 to
output PB0 input
PB0
output
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 268 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Mode 7
—
0
PB7 to
PB0 input
1
PB7 to
PB0
output
SEG output
H8S/2646, H8S/2648,
H8S/2646R, H8S/2648R,
H8S/2645 H8S/2647
—
—
—
—
—
SEG16 to
SEG9
output
—
SEG32 to
SEG25
output
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.9.4
MOS Input Pull-Up Function
Port B has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. MOS input
pull-up can be specified as on or off on an individual bit basis.
In modes 4 to 6, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings of PFCR, the LCD
driver LPCR, and DDR, setting PBPCR to 1 turns on MOS input pull-up.
In mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings of the LCD driver LPCR
and DDR, setting PBPCR to 1 turns on MOS input pull-up.
The MOS input pull-up function is in the off state after a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
The prior state is retained by a manual reset or in software standby mode.
Table 9.18 summarizes the MOS input pull-up states.
Table 9.18 MOS Input Pull-Up States (Port B)
Pin States
Reset
Hardware
Standby Mode
Software
Standby Mode
In Other
Operations
Address output or
LCD output
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
Other than above
Legend:
OFF:
MOS input pull-up is always off.
ON/OFF: On when PBDDR = 0 and PBPCR = 1; otherwise off.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 269 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.10
Port C
9.10.1
Overview
Port C is an 8-bit I/O port. Port C also functions as LCD driver output pins (H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R, H8S/2645: SEG8 to SEG1, H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647: SEG24 to SEG17)
and as address bus outputs. The pin functions are determined by the operating mode.
Port C has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software.
Figure 9.9 shows the port C pin configuration.
Pin functions in modes 4 and 5
Port C pins
A7 (output)
PC7 / A7 / SEG8*1 / SEG24*2
*2
A6 (output)
*2
A5 (output)
*2
A4 (output)
PC3 / A3 / SEG4*1 / SEG20*2
A3 (output)
PC2 / A2 / SEG3*1 / SEG19*2
A2 (output)
PC1 / A1 / SEG2*1 / SEG18*2
A1 (output)
*1
PC6 / A6 / SEG7
*1
PC5 / A5 / SEG6
*1
Port C
PC4 / A4 / SEG5
*1
PC0 / A0 / SEG1
/ SEG23
/ SEG22
/ SEG21
A0 (output)
*2
/ SEG17
Pin functions in mode 7
Pin functions in mode 6
Notes: 1.
2.
PC7 (I/O) / A7 (output) / SEG8
*1
*2
PC6 (I/O) / A6 (output) / SEG7
*1
(output)
PC7 (I/O) / SEG8*1 (output) / SEG24*2 (output)
*2
PC5 (I/O) / A5 (output) / SEG6
*1
(output)
PC6 (I/O) / SEG7*1 (output) / SEG23*2 (output)
*2
PC4 (I/O) / A4 (output) / SEG5
*1
(output)
PC5 (I/O) / SEG6*1 (output) / SEG22*2 (output)
*2
PC3 (I/O) / A3 (output) / SEG4
*1
(output)
PC4 (I/O) / SEG5*1 (output) / SEG21*2 (output)
*2
(output)
PC3 (I/O) / SEG4*1 (output) / SEG20*2 (output)
PC2 (I/O) / A2 (output) / SEG3*1 (output) / SEG19*2 (output)
PC2 (I/O) / SEG3*1 (output) / SEG19*2 (output)
PC1 (I/O) / A1 (output) / SEG2
*1
PC0 (I/O) / A0 (output) / SEG1
*1
(output) / SEG24
(output) / SEG23
(output) / SEG22
(output) / SEG21
(output) / SEG20
*2
(output)
PC1 (I/O) / SEG2*1 (output) / SEG18*2 (output)
*2
(output)
PC0 (I/O) / SEG1*1 (output) / SEG17*2 (output)
(output) / SEG18
(output) / SEG17
In the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Figure 9.9 Port C Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 270 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.10.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.19 shows the port C register configuration.
Table 9.19 Port C Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port C data direction register
PCDDR
W
H'00
H'FE3B
Port C data register
PCDR
R/W
H'00
H'FF0B
Port C register
PORTC
R
Undefined
H'FFBB
Port C MOS pull-up control register
PCPCR
R/W
H'00
H'FE42
Port C open-drain control register
PCODR
R/W
H'00
H'FE49
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port C Data Direction Register (PCDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PC7DDR PC6DDR PC5DDR PC4DDR PC3DDR PC2DDR PC1DDR PC0DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
PCDDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port C. PCDDR cannot be read; if it is, an undefined value will be read.
PCDDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode. The OPE bit in SBYCR is used to select whether the address output pins
retain their output state or become high-impedance when the mode is changed to software standby
mode.
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port C Data Register (PCDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PC7DR
PC6DR
PC5DR
PC4DR
PC3DR
PC2DR
PC1DR
PC0DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PCDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port C pins (PC7 to
PC0).
PCDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Port C Register (PORTC)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PC7
—*
PC6
—*
PC5
—*
PC4
—*
PC3
—*
PC2
—*
PC1
—*
PC0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins PC7 to PC0.
PORTC is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port C pins (PC7 to PC0) must always be performed on PCDR.
If a port C read is performed while PCDDR bits are set to 1, the PCDR values are read. If a port C
read is performed while PCDDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
Reading a pin being used as an LCD driver returns an undefined value.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTC contents are determined by the pin states, as
PCDDR and PCDR are initialized. PORTC retains its prior state in software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 272 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port C MOS Pull-Up Control Register (PCPCR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PC7PCR PC6PCR PC5PCR PC4PCR PC3PCR PC2PCR PC1PCR PC0PCR
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PCPCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the MOS input pull-up function
incorporated into port C on an individual bit basis.
In modes 6 and 7, if PCPCR is set to 1 when the port is in the input state in accordance with the
settings of the LCD driver LPCR and PCDDR, the MOS input pull-up is set to ON.
PCPCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state by
a manual reset or in software standby mode.
Port C Open Drain Control Register (PCODR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PC7ODR PC6ODR PC5ODR PC4ODR PC3ODR PC2ODR PC1ODR PC0ODR
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PCODR is an 8-bit readable/writable register and controls PMOS On/Off of each pin (PC7 to
PC0) of port C.
If PCODR is set to 1 by setting AE3 to AE0 in PFCR in mode other than address output mode,
port C pins function as NMOS open drain outputs and when the setting is cleared to 0, the pins
function as CMOS outputs.
Do not set PCODR to 1 if the pins are being used for LCD driver output.
PCODR is initialized to H'00 in reset mode or hardware standby mode. PCODR retains the last
state in software standby mode.
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.10.3
Pin Functions
Port C can function as LCD segment output pins (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645: SEG8 to
SEG1, H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647: SEG24 to SEG17) and as address bus outputs. The pin
functions differ in modes 4 and 5, mode 6, and mode 7. The port C pin functions are listed in table
9.20.
Table 9.20 Port C Pin Functions
Setting of
SGS3 to
SGS0
Operating
mode
PCnDDR
Pin function
Port
Modes
4 and 5
—
A7 to A0
output
Mode 6
0
PC7 to
PC0 input
1
A7 to A0
output
Mode 7
—
—
SEG8 to
SEG24 to
SEG1
SEG17
output
output
Note: Modes 4 and 5 are extended modes in which the internal ROM is disabled. Address output
is disabled when port C is set to segment output, so it is not possible to interface with
external ROM. Therefore port C must not be set to segment output in mode 4 or mode 5.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 274 of 1136
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0
1
PC7 to
PC7 to
PC0 input PC0 output
SEG output
H8S/2646, H8S/2648,
H8S/2646R, H8S/2648R,
H8S/2645 H8S/2647
—
—
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.10.4
MOS Input Pull-Up Function
Port C has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. This MOS
input pull-up function can be used in modes 6 and 7, and can be specified as on or off on an
individual bit basis.
In modes 6 and 7, when PCPCR is set to 1 in the input state by setting of the LCD driver LPCR
and PCDDR, the MOS input pull-up is set to ON.
The MOS input pull-up function is in the off state after a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
The prior state is retained by a manual reset or in software standby mode.
Table 9.21 summarizes the MOS input pull-up states.
Table 9.21 MOS Input Pull-Up States (Port C)
Pin States
Reset
Hardware
Standby Mode
Software
Standby Mode
In Other
Operations
Address output
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
Other than above
Legend:
OFF:
MOS input pull-up is always off.
ON/OFF: On when PCDDR = 0 and PCPCR = 1; otherwise off.
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.11
Port D
9.11.1
Overview
Port D is an 8-bit I/O port. Port D has a data bus I/O function, and the pin functions change
according to the operating mode. In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647, port D pins also
function as LCD driver output pins (SEG16 to SEG9).
Port D has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software.
Figure 9.10 shows the port D pin configuration.
Port D
Port D pins
Pin functions in modes 4 to 6
PD7 / D15 / SEG16*
D15 (I/O) / SEG16* (output)
PD6 / D14 / SEG15*
D14 (I/O) / SEG15* (output)
PD5 / D13 / SEG14*
D13 (I/O) / SEG14* (output)
PD4 / D12 / SEG13*
D12 (I/O) / SEG13* (output)
PD3 / D11 / SEG12*
D11 (I/O) / SEG12* (output)
PD2 / D10 / SEG11*
D10 (I/O) / SEG11* (output)
PD1 / D9 / SEG10*
D9
(I/O) / SEG10* (output)
PD0 / D8 / SEG9*
D8
(I/O) / SEG9* (output)
Pin functions in mode 7
PD7 (I/O) / SEG16* (output)
PD6 (I/O) / SEG15* (output)
PD5 (I/O) / SEG14* (output)
PD4 (I/O) / SEG13* (output)
PD3 (I/O) / SEG12* (output)
PD2 (I/O) / SEG11* (output)
PD1 (I/O) / SEG10* (output)
PD0 (I/O) / SEG9* (output)
Note: * In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Figure 9.10 Port D Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 276 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.11.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.22 shows the port D register configuration.
Table 9.22 Port D Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port D data direction register
PDDDR
W
H'00
H'FE3C
Port D data register
PDDR
R/W
H'00
H'FF0C
Port D register
PORTD
R
Undefined
H'FFBC
Port D MOS pull-up control register
PDPCR
R/W
H'00
H'FE43
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port D Data Direction Register (PDDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PD7DDR PD6DDR PD5DDR PD4DDR PD3DDR PD2DDR PD1DDR PD0DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
PDDDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port D. PDDDR cannot be read; if it is, an undefined value will be read.
PDDDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Port D Data Register (PDDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PD7DR
PD6DR
PD5DR
PD4DR
PD3DR
PD2DR
PD1DR
PD0DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PDDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port D pins (PD7 to
PD0).
PDDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 277 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port D Register (PORTD)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PD7
—*
PD6
—*
PD5
—*
PD4
—*
PD3
—*
PD2
—*
PD1
—*
PD0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins PD7 to PD0.
PORTD is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port D pins (PD7 to PD0) must always be performed on PDDR.
If a port D read is performed while PDDDR bits are set to 1, the PDDR values are read. If a port D
read is performed while PDDDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTD contents are determined by the pin states, as
PDDDR and PDDR are initialized. PORTD retains its prior state in software standby mode.
Port D MOS Pull-Up Control Register (PDPCR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PD7PCR PD6PCR PD5PCR PD4PCR PD3PCR PD2PCR PD1PCR PD0PCR
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PDPCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the MOS input pull-up function
incorporated into port D on an individual bit basis.
In mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in PDDDR and LPCR,
setting the corresponding PDPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for that pin.
PDPCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 278 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.11.3
Pin Functions
In modes 4 to 6, each pin on port D automatically becomes one of the data bus I/O pins (D15 to
D8). In mode 7, each pin on port D functions as an I/O port and can be specified to function as an
input or output bit by bit.
The function of pins on port D are as listed in tables 9.23 (1) and 9.23 (2).
Table 9.23 (1) Port D Pin Functions (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
Pins
Method of Selection and Pin Function
PD7/D15, PD6/D14,
PD5/D13, PD4/D12,
PD3/D11, PD2/D10,
PD1/D9, PD0/D8
Pin functions are changed by a combination of the operating mode and the
PDDDR.
Operating mode
Modes 4 to 6
PDnDDR
Pin function
Mode 7
—
0
1
Data bus I/O (D15 to D8)
PDn input
PDn output
n = 7 to 0
Table 9.23 (2) Port D Pin Functions (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
Pins
PD7/D15/SEG9 to
PD0/D8/SEG16
Method of Selection and Pin Function
Setting of
SGS3 to SGS0
Operating
mode
PDDDR
Pin function
Port
Modes 4 to 6
—
SEG output
Mode 7
0
D15 to D8 I/O PD7 to PD0
input
—
1
—
PD7 to PD0
output
SEG9 to
SEG16
Note: Modes 4 and 5 are expanded modes with on-chip ROM disabled.
If segment output is selected, data input/output and interfacing to external ROM are no
longer possible. Therefore segment output settings should not be made in these modes.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 279 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.11.4
MOS Input Pull-Up Function
Port D has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. This MOS
input pull-up function can be used in mode 7, and can be specified as on or off on an individual bit
basis.
In mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in accordance with the settings in PDDDR and LPCR,
setting the corresponding PDPCR bit to 1 turns on the MOS input pull-up for that pin.
The MOS input pull-up function is in the off state after a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
The prior state is retained in software standby mode.
Table 9.24 summarizes the MOS input pull-up states.
Table 9.24 MOS Input Pull-Up States (Port D)
Modes
Reset
Hardware
Standby Mode
Software
Standby Mode
In Other
Operations
4 to 6
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
7
Legend:
OFF:
MOS input pull-up is always off.
ON/OFF: On when PDDDR = 0, PDPCR = 1, and the pin is not used as a segment driver;
otherwise off.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 280 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.12
Port E
9.12.1
Overview
Port E is an 8-bit I/O port. Port E has a data bus I/O function, and the pin functions change
according to the operating mode and whether 8-bit or 16-bit bus mode is selected. In the
H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647, port E pins also function as LCD driver output pins (SEG8
to SEG1).
Port E has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software.
Figure 9.11 shows the port E pin configuration.
Port E
Port E pins
Pin functions in modes 4 to 6
PE7 / D7 / SEG8*
PE7 (I/O) / D7 (I/O) / SEG8* (output)
PE6 / D6 / SEG7*
PE6 (I/O) / D6 (I/O) / SEG7* (output)
PE5 / D5 / SEG6*
PE5 (I/O) / D5 (I/O) / SEG6* (output)
PE4 / D4 / SEG5*
PE4 (I/O) / D4 (I/O) / SEG5* (output)
PE3 / D3 / SEG4*
PE3 (I/O) / D3 (I/O) / SEG4* (output)
PE2 / D2 / SEG3*
PE2 (I/O) / D2 (I/O) / SEG3* (output)
PE1 / D1 / SEG2*
PE1 (I/O) / D1 (I/O) / SEG2* (output)
PE0 / D0 / SEG1*
PE0 (I/O) / D0 (I/O) / SEG1* (output)
Pin functions in mode 7
PE7 (I/O) / SEG8* (output)
PE6 (I/O) / SEG7* (output)
PE5 (I/O) / SEG6* (output)
PE4 (I/O) / SEG5* (output)
PE3 (I/O) / SEG4* (output)
PE2 (I/O) / SEG3* (output)
PE1 (I/O) / SEG2* (output)
PE0 (I/O) / SEG1* (output)
Note: * In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Figure 9.11 Port E Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 281 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.12.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.25 shows the port E register configuration.
Table 9.25 Port E Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port E data direction register
PEDDR
W
H'00
H'FE3D
Port E data register
PEDR
R/W
H'00
H'FF0D
Port E register
PORTE
R
Undefined
H'FFBD
Port E MOS pull-up control register
PEPCR
R/W
H'00
H'FE44
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Port E Data Direction Register (PEDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PE7DDR PE6DDR PE5DDR PE4DDR PE3DDR PE2DDR PE1DDR PE0DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
PEDDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port E. PEDDR cannot be read; if it is, an undefined value will be read.
PEDDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state by
a manual reset or in software standby mode.
Port E Data Register (PEDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PE7DR
PE6DR
PE5DR
PE4DR
PE3DR
PE2DR
PE1DR
PE0DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PEDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port E pins (PE7 to
PE0).
PEDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 282 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port E Register (PORTE)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PE7
—*
PE6
—*
PE5
—*
PE4
—*
PE3
—*
PE2
—*
PE1
—*
PE0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins PE7 to PE0.
PORTE is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port E pins (PE7 to PE0) must always be performed on PEDR.
If a port E read is performed while PEDDR bits are set to 1, the PEDR values are read. If a port E
read is performed while PEDDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
Pins used as LCD driver pins will return an undefined value if read.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTE contents are determined by the pin states, as
PEDDR and PEDR are initialized. PORTE retains its prior state in software standby mode.
Port E MOS Pull-Up Control Register (PEPCR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PE7PCR PE6PCR PE5PCR PE4PCR PE3PCR PE2PCR PE1PCR PE0PCR
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PEPCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the MOS input pull-up function
incorporated into port E on an individual bit basis.
In modes 4 to 6 with 8-bit-bus mode selected, or in mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in
accordance with the settings in LPCR and PEDDR, setting the corresponding PEPCR bit to 1 turns
on the MOS input pull-up for that pin.
PEPCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 283 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.12.3
Pin Functions
The port E pin functions are listed in tables 9.26 (1) and 9.26 (2).
Table 9.26 (1) Port E Pin Functions (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
Operating mode
Bus width setting
PEDDR
Pin function
16-bit mode
—
D7 to D0 I/O
Modes 4 to 6
8-bit mode
0
1
PE7 to PE0
PE7 to PE0
input
output
Mode 7
—
0
PE7 to PE0
input
1
PE7 to PE0
output
Table 9.26 (2) Port E Pin Functions (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
Setting of SEG3 to
SEG0
Operating mode
Bus width setting
PEDDR
Pin function
Port
Modes 4 to 6
Mode 7
16-bit mode
8-bit mode
—
—
0
1
0
1
D7 to D0 I/O PE7 to PE0 PE7 to PE0 PE7 to PE0 PE7 to PE0
input
output
input
output
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 284 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
SEG
output
—
—
—
SEG1 to
SEG8
output
Section 9 I/O Ports
9.12.4
MOS Input Pull-Up Function
Port E has a built-in MOS input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. This MOS
input pull-up function can be used in modes 4 to 6 when 8-bit bus mode is selected, or in mode 7,
and can be specified as on or off on an individual bit basis.
In modes 4 to 6 with 8-bit-bus mode selected, or in mode 7, if a pin is in the input state in
accordance with the settings in LPCR and PEDDR, setting the corresponding PEPCR bit to 1 turns
on the MOS input pull-up for that pin.
The MOS input pull-up function is in the off state after a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
The prior state is retained in software standby mode.
Table 9.27 summarizes the MOS input pull-up states.
Table 9.27 MOS Input Pull-Up States (Port E)
Modes
Reset
Hardware
Standby Mode
Software
Standby Mode
In Other
Operations
7
OFF
OFF
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
OFF
OFF
4 to 6
8-bit bus
16-bit bus
Legend:
OFF:
MOS input pull-up is always off.
ON/OFF: On when PEDDR = 0, PEPCR = 1, and the pin is not used as a segment driver;
otherwise off.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 285 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.13
Port F
9.13.1
Overview
Port F is a 7-bit I/O port. Port F also functions as LCD driver output pins (SEG20 to SEG17),
external interrupt input pins (IRQ2, IRQ3), the A/D trigger input pin (ADTRG), bus control signal
I/O pins (AS, RD, HWR, LWR, WAIT), and as the system clock output pin (φ).
Figure 9.12 shows the port F pin configuration.
Port F
Port F pins
Pin functions in modes 4 to 6
PF7 / φ
PF7 (input) / φ (output)
PF6 / AS / SEG20 / SEG36*
PF6 (I/O) / AS (output) / SEG20 (output) / SEG36* (output)
PF5 / RD / SEG19 / SEG35*
PF5 (I/O) / RD (output) / SEG19 (output) / SEG35* (output)
PF4 / HWR / SEG18 / SEG34*
PF4 (I/O) / HWR (output) / SEG18 (output) / SEG34* (output)
PF3 / LWR / ADTRG / IRQ3
PF3 (I/O) / LWR (output) / ADTRG (input) / IRQ3 (input)
PF2 / WAIT / SEG17 / SEG33*
PF2 (I/O) / WAIT (input) / SEG17 (output) / SEG33* (output)
PF0 / IRQ2
PF0 (I/O) / IRQ2 (input)
Pin functions in mode 7
PF7 (I/O) / φ (output)
PF6 (I/O) / SEG20 (output) / SEG36* (output)
PF5 (I/O) / SEG19 (output)) / SEG35* (output)
PF4 (I/O) / SEG18 (output)) / SEG34* (output)
PF3 (I/O) / ADTRG (input) / IRQ3 (input)
PF2 (I/O) / SEG17 (output)) / SEG33* (output)
PF0 (I/O) / IRQ2 (input)
Note: * In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Figure 9.12 Port F Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 286 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.13.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.28 shows the port F register configuration.
Table 9.28 Port F Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
Port F data direction register
PFDDR
W
H'80/H'00*2
H'FE3E
Port F data register
PFDR
R/W
H'00
H'FF0E
Port F register
PORTF
R
Undefined
H'FFBE
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Initial value depends on the mode.
Port F Data Direction Register (PFDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
PF7DDR PF6DDR PF5DDR PF4DDR PF3DDR PF2DDR
1
0
—
PF0DDR
Modes 4 to 6
Initial value :
1
0
0
0
0
0
undefined
0
R/W
:
W
W
W
W
W
W
—
W
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
undefined
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
—
W
Mode 7
:
PFDDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port F. PFDDR cannot be read; if it is, an undefined value will be read.
PFDDR is initialized by a reset, and in hardware standby mode, to H'80 in modes 4 to 6, and to
H'00 in mode 7. It retains its prior state in software standby mode. The OPE bit in SBYCR is used
to select whether the bus control output pins retain their output state or become high-impedance
when a transition is made to software standby mode.
PFDDR bit 1 is reserved.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 287 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port F Data Register (PFDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
PF6DR
PF5DR
PF4DR
PF3DR
0
0
0
0
0
PF2DR
—
PF0DR
0
undefined
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
PFDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port F pins (PF6 to PF2,
PF0).
PFDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Bits 7 and 1 in PFDR are reserved, and only 0 may be written to it.
Port F Register (PORTF)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PF7
—*
PF6
—*
PF5
—*
PF4
—*
PF3
—*
PF2
—*
—
undefined
PF0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
—
R
Note: * Determined by state of pins PF7 to PF2, PF0.
PORTF is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port F pins (PF7 to PF2, PF0) must always be performed on PFDR.
If a port F read is performed while PFDDR bits are set to 1, the PFDR values are read. If a port F
read is performed while PFDDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
Pins used as LCD driver pins will return an undefined value if read.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTF contents are determined by the pin states, as
PFDDR and PFDR are initialized. PORTF retains its prior state in software standby mode.
PORTF bit 1 is reserved.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 288 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.13.3
Pin Functions
Port F pins also function as LCD driver output pins (SEG20 to SEG17), external interrupt input
pins (IRQ2, IRQ3), the A/D trigger input pin (ADTRG), bus control signal I/O pins (AS, RD,
HWR, LWR, WAIT), and the system clock output pin (φ). Their functions differ in modes 4 to 6
and in mode 7. Table 9.29 lists the pin functions for port F.
Table 9.29 Port F Pin Functions
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
PF7/φ
Switches as follows according to bit PF7DDR.
PF7DDR
Pin function
PF6/AS/SEG20
(H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645)
PF6/AS/SEG36
(H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647)
0
1
PF7 input
φ output
Switches as follows according to the operating mode and the setting of SGS3
to SGS0 and bit PF6DDR.
Operating Mode
Setting of SGS3 to
SGS0
Modes 4 to 6
Mode 7
SEG
output
Port
SEG
output
—
—
—
Pin
H8S/2646,
function H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645
SEG20
output
AS output
SEG20
output
H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647
SEG36
output
PF6DDR
Port
0
1
PF6 input PF6 output
SEG36
output
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 289 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
PF5/RD/SEG19
(H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645)
Switches as follows according to the operating mode and the setting of SGS3
to SGS0 and bit PF5DDR.
PF5/RD/SEG35
(H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647)
Operating Mode
Setting of SGS3 to
SGS0
Modes 4 to 6
Mode 7
SEG
output
Port
SEG
output
—
—
—
Pin
H8S/2646,
function H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645
SEG19
output
RD output
SEG19
output
H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647
SEG35
output
PF5DDR
Port
0
1
PF5 input PF5 output
SEG35
output
PF4/HWR/SEG18 Switches as follows according to the operating mode and the setting of SGS3
(H8S/2646,
to SGS0 and bit PF4DDR.
H8S/2646R,
Operating Mode
Modes 4 to 6
Mode 7
H8S/2645)
Setting of SGS3 to
SEG
Port
SEG
Port
PF4/HWR/SEG34 SGS0
output
output
(H8S/2648,
PF4DDR
—
—
—
0
1
H8S/2648R,
Pin
H8S/2646,
SEG18
HWR
SEG18
PF4
PF4
H8S/2647)
function H8S/2646R,
output
output
output
input
output
H8S/2645
H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 290 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
SEG34
output
SEG34
output
Section 9 I/O Ports
Pin
Selection Method and Pin Functions
PF3/LWR/
ADTRG/IRQ3
Switches as follows according to the operating mode and the setting of bits
TRGS1, TRGS0, and PF3DDR.
Operating
Mode
Modes 4 to 6
Bus mode
16-bit bus
mode
PF3DDR
—
Pin function
Mode 7
8-bit bus mode
0
—
1
LWR output PF3 input
0
1
PF3 output
PF3 input PF3 output
ADTRG input*1
IRQ3 input*2
Notes: 1. ADTRG input when TRGS0 = TRGS1 = 1.
2. When used as an external interrupt input pin, do not use it as an
I/O pin for other functions.
PF2/WAIT/SEG17 Switches as follows according to the operating mode, and the setting of bits
SGS3 to SGS0, the WAITE bit, and bit PF2DDR.
(H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
Operating Mode
Modes 4 to 6
Mode 7
H8S/2645)
PF2/WAIT/SEG33
(H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647)
PF0/IRQ2
Setting of SGS3 to
SGS0
Port
SEG
output
Port
SEG
output
WAITE
—
1
1
PF2DDR
—
0
0
1
—
—
0
—
1
Pin
H8S/2646,
function H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645
SEG17
output
PF2
input
PF2
output
WAIT
input
SEG17
output
PF2
input
PF2
output
H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647
SEG33
output
SEG33
output
Switches as follows according to the PF0DDR bit.
PF0DDR
Pin function
0
1
PF0 input
PF0 output
IRQ2 input
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 291 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.14
Port H
9.14.1
Overview
Port H is an 8-bit I/O port. Port H pins also function as motor control PWM timer output pins
(PWM1A to PWM1H).
Figure 9.13 shows the port H pin configuration.
Port H pin
PH7 (I/O) / PWM1H (output)
PH6 (I/O) / PWM1G (output)
PH5 (I/O) / PWM1F (output)
PH4 (I/O) / PWM1E (output)
Port H
PH3 (I/O) / PWM1D (output)
PH2 (I/O) / PWM1C (output)
PH1 (I/O) / PWM1B (output)
PH0 (I/O) / PWM1A (output)
Figure 9.13 Port H Pin Functions
9.14.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.30 shows the port H register configuration.
Table 9.30 Port H Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port H data direction register
PHDDR
W
H'00
H'FC20
Port H data register
PHDR
R/W
H'00
H'FC24
Port H register
PORTH
R
Undefined
H'FC28
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 292 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port H Data Direction Register (PHDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PH7DDR PH6DDR PH5DDR PH4DDR PH3DDR PH2DDR PH1DDR PH0DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
PHDDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port H. PHDDR cannot be read. If it is, an undefined value will be read.
PHDDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Port H Data Register (PHDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PH7DR
PH6DR
PH5DR
PH4DR
PH3DR
PH2DR
PH1DR
PH0DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PHDR is an 8-bit readable/writeable register that stores output data for the port H pins (PH7 to
PH0).
PHDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Port H Register (PORTH)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PH7
—*
PH6
—*
PH5
—*
PH4
—*
PH3
—*
PH2
—*
PH1
—*
PH0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by the state of PH7 to PH0
PORTH is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port H pins (PH7 to PH0) must always be performed on PHDR.
If a port H read is performed while PHDDR bits are set to 1, the PHDR values are read. If a port H
read is performed while PHDDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 293 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTH contents are determined by the pin states, as
PHDDR and PHDR are initialized. PORTH retains its prior state in software standby mode.
9.14.3
Pin Functions
As shown in table 9.31, the port H pin functions can be switched, bit by bit, by changing the
values of OE1A to OE1H of motor control PWM timer PWOCR1 and PHDDR.
Table 9.31 Port H Pin Functions
OE1A to OE1H
1
0
PHDDR
—
0
1
Pin function
Motor control PWM
timer output
PH7 to PH0 input
PH7 to PH0 output
9.15
Port J
9.15.1
Overview
Port J is an 8-bit I/O port. Port J pins also function as motor control PWM timer output pins
(PWM2A to PWM2H).
Figure 9.14 shows the port J pin configuration.
Port J pin
PJ7 (I/O) / PWM2H (output)
PJ6 (I/O) / PWM2G (output)
PJ5 (I/O) / PWM2F (output)
Port J
PJ4 (I/O) / PWM2E (output)
PJ3 (I/O) / PWM2D (output)
PJ2 (I/O) / PWM2C (output)
PJ1 (I/O) / PWM2B (output)
PJ0 (I/O) / PWM2A (output)
Figure 9.14 Port J Pin Functions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 294 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.15.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.32 shows the port J register configuration.
Table 9.32 Port J Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port J data direction register
PJDDR
W
H'00
H'FC21
Port J data register
PJDR
R/W
H'00
H'FC25
Port J register
PORTJ
R
Undefined
H'FC29
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address
Port J Data Direction Register (PJDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PJ7DDR PJ6DDR PJ5DDR PJ4DDR PJ3DDR PJ2DDR PJ1DDR PJ0DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
PJDDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port J. PJDDR cannot be read. If it is, an undefined value will be read.
PJDDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Port J Data Register (PJDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PJ7DR
PJ6DR
PJ5DR
PJ4DR
PJ3DR
PJ2DR
PJ1DR
PJ0DR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PJDR is an 8-bit readable/writeable register that stores output data for the port J pins (PJ7 to PJ0).
PJDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It retains its prior state in
software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 295 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
Port J Register (PORTJ)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PJ7
—*
PJ6
—*
PJ5
—*
PJ4
—*
PJ3
—*
PJ2
—*
PJ1
—*
PJ0
—*
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: * Determined by the state of PJ7 to PJ0.
PORTJ is an 8-bit read-only register that shows the pin states. It cannot be written to. Writing of
output data for the port J pins (PJ7 to PJ0) must always be performed on PJDR.
If a port J read is performed while PJDDR bits are set to 1, the PJDR values are read. If a port J
read is performed while PJDDR bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read.
After a reset and in hardware standby mode, PORTJ contents are determined by the pin states, as
PJDDR and PJDR are initialized. PORTJ retains its prior state in software standby mode.
9.15.3
Pin Functions
As shown in table 9.33, the port J pin functions can be switched, bit by bit, by changing the values
of OE2A to OE2H of motor control PWM timer PWOCR2 and PJDDR.
Table 9.33 Port J Pin Functions
OE2A to OE2H
1
0
PJDDR
—
0
1
Pin function
Motor control PWM
timer output
PJ7 to PJ0 input
PJ7 to PJ0 output
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 296 of 1136
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Section 9 I/O Ports
9.16
Port K
9.16.1
Overview
Port K is a 2-bit I/O port.
Figure 9.15 shows the pin functions for port K.
Port K pins
PK7 (I/O)
PK6 (I/O)
Port K
Figure 9.15 Port K Pin Functions
9.16.2
Register Configuration
Table 9.34 shows the port A register configuration.
Table 9.34 Port K Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Port K data direction register
PKDDR
W
H'0
H'FC22
Port K data register
PKDR
R/W
H'0
H'FC26
Port K register
PORTK
R
Undefined
H'FC2A
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 297 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Port K Data Direction Register (PKDDR)
Bit
:
7
6
PK7DDR PK6DDR
Initial value :
0
0
R/W
W
W
:
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
—
—
—
—
—
—
PKDDR is an 8-bit write-only register that specifies whether individual bits are input or output for
each of the pins in port K. It is not possible to read it. An undefined value is returned if an attempt
is made to read it.
PKDDR is initialized to H'00 if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode. The previous
values are retained by PKDDR in the software standby mode.
Port K Data Register (PKDR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PK7DR
PK6DR
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
R/W
R/W
Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
—
—
—
—
—
—
PKDR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that stores output data for the port K pins (PK7, PK6).
PKDR is initialized to H'00 if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode. The previous
values are retained in the software standby mode.
Port K Register (PORTK)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PK7
—*
PK6
—*
—
—
—
—
—
—
R
R
Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
—
—
—
—
—
—
Note: * Determined by state of pins PF7 to PF6.
PORTK is an 8-bit read-only register that reflects the states of the pins. It is not possible to write
to it. Always write output data from the port K pins (PK7, PK6) to PKDR.
If PKDDR is set to 1, the value of PKDR is returned when port K is read. If PKDDR is cleared to
0, the pin states are returned when port K is read.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 298 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
PKDDR and PKDR are initialized if a reset occurs and in the hardware standby mode, so the
content of PORTK is determined by the pin states. The previous states are retained in the software
standby mode.
9.16.3
Pin Functions
The function of the port K pins changes with the operating mode, in accordance with the value of
PKDDR, as shown in table 9.35.
Table 9.35 Port K Pin Functions
PKDDR
Pin function
0
PK7, PK6 input
1
PK7, PK6 output
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 299 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 9 I/O Ports
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 300 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has an on-chip 16-bit timer pulse unit (TPU) that comprises six 16-bit timer
channels.
10.1.1
Features
• Maximum 16-pulse input/output
 A total of 16 timer general registers (TGRs) are provided (four each for channels 0 and 3,
and two each for channels 1, 2, 4, and 5), each of which can be set independently as an
output compare/input capture register
 TGRC and TGRD for channels 0 and 3 can also be used as buffer registers
• Selection of 8 counter input clocks for each channel
• The following operations can be set for each channel:
 Waveform output at compare match: Selection of 0, 1, or toggle output
 Input capture function: Selection of rising edge, falling edge, or both edge detection
 Counter clear operation: Counter clearing possible by compare match or input capture
 Synchronous operation:
Multiple timer counters (TCNT) can be written to simultaneously,
Simultaneous clearing by compare match and input capture possible,
Register simultaneous input/output possible by counter synchronous operation
 PWM mode:
Any PWM output duty can be set,
Maximum of 15-phase PWM output possible by combination with synchronous operation
• Buffer operation settable for channels 0 and 3
 Input capture register double-buffering possible
 Automatic rewriting of output compare register possible
• Phase counting mode settable independently for each of channels 1, 2, 4, and 5
 Two-phase encoder pulse up/down-count possible
• Cascaded operation
 Channel 2 (channel 5) input clock operates as 32-bit counter by setting channel 1 (channel
4) overflow/underflow
• Fast access via internal 16-bit bus
 Fast access is possible via a 16-bit bus interface
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 301 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• 26 interrupt sources
 For channels 0 and 3, four compare match/input capture dual-function interrupts and one
overflow interrupt can be requested independently
 For channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, two compare match/input capture dual-function interrupts, one
overflow interrupt, and one underflow interrupt can be requested independently
• Automatic transfer of register data
 Block transfer, 1-word data transfer, and 1-byte data transfer possible by data transfer
controller (DTC)
• Programmable pulse generator (PPG) output trigger can be generated
 Channel 0 to 3 compare match/input capture signals can be used as PPG output trigger
• A/D converter conversion start trigger can be generated
 Channel 0 to 5 compare match A/input capture A signals can be used as A/D converter
conversion start trigger
• Module stop mode can be set
 As the initial setting, TPU operation is halted. Register access is enabled by exiting module
stop mode.
Table 10.1 lists the functions of the TPU.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 302 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Table 10.1 TPU Functions
Item
Channel 0 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Channel 5
Count clock
φ/1
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
TCLKA
TCLKB
TCLKC
TCLKD
φ/1
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
φ/256
TCLKA
TCLKB
φ/1
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
φ/1024
TCLKA
TCLKB
TCLKC
φ/1
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
φ/256
φ/1024
φ/4096
TCLKA
φ/1
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
φ/1024
TCLKA
TCLKC
φ/1
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
φ/256
TCLKA
TCLKC
TCLKD
General registers
TGR0A
TGR0B
TGR1A
TGR1B
TGR2A
TGR2B
TGR3A
TGR3B
TGR4A
TGR4B
TGR5A
TGR5B
General registers/
buffer registers
TGR0C
TGR0D
—
—
TGR3C
TGR3D
—
—
I/O pins
TIOCA0
TIOCB0
TIOCC0
TIOCD0
TIOCA1
TIOCB1
TIOCA2
TIOCB2
TIOCA3
TIOCB3
TIOCC3
TIOCD3
TIOCA4
TIOCB4
TIOCA5
TIOCB5
Counter clear
function
TGR
compare
match or
input
capture
TGR
compare
match or
input
capture
TGR
compare
match or
input
capture
TGR
compare
match or
input
capture
TGR
compare
match or
input
capture
TGR
compare
match or
input
capture
—
—
Compare 0 output
match
1 output
output
Toggle
output
Input capture
function
Synchronous
operation
PWM mode
Phase counting
mode
Buffer operation
—
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 303 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Item
Channel 0
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 3
Channel 4
Channel 5
DTC
TGR
activation compare
match or
input capture
TGR
compare
match or
input capture
TGR
compare
match or
input capture
TGR
compare
match or
input capture
TGR
compare
match or
input capture
TGR
compare
match or
input capture
A/D
TGR0A
converter compare
trigger
match or
input capture
TGR1A
compare
match or
input capture
TGR2A
compare
match or
input capture
TGR3A
compare
match or
input capture
TGR4A
compare
match or
input capture
TGR5A
compare
match or
input capture
PPG
trigger
TGR0A/
TGR0B
compare
match or
input capture
TGR1A/
TGR1B
compare
match or
input capture
TGR2A/
TGR2B
compare
match or
input capture
TGR3A/
—
TGR3B
compare
match or
input capture
—
Interrupt
sources
5 sources
4 sources
4 sources
5 sources
4 sources
4 sources
• Compare
match or
input
capture 0A
• Compare
match or
input
capture 1A
• Compare
match or
input
capture 2A
• Compare
match or
input
capture 3A
• Compare
match or
input
capture 4A
• Compare
match or
input
capture 5A
• Compare
match or
input
capture 0B
• Compare
match or
input
capture 1B
• Compare
match or
input
capture 2B
• Compare
match or
input
capture 3B
• Compare
match or
input
capture 4B
• Compare
match or
input
capture 5B
• Overflow
• Compare
• Overflow
match or
• Underflow
input
capture 3C
• Compare
• Overflow
match or
• Underflow
input
capture 0C
• Underflow
• Compare
match or
input
capture 0D
• Compare
match or
input
capture 3D
• Overflow
• Overflow
Legend:
: Possible
— : Not possible
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 304 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
• Overflow
• Underflow
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.1.2
Block Diagram
TGRD
TGRB
TGRC
TGRB
Interrupt request signals
Channel 3: TGI3A
TGI3B
TGI3C
TGI3D
TCI3V
Channel 4: TGI4A
TGI4B
TCI4V
TCI4U
Channel 5: TGI5A
TGI5B
TCI5V
TCI5U
Internal data bus
A/D converter conversion
start signal
TGRD
PPG output trigger signal
TGRC
TGRB
TGRB
TGRB
TCNT
TCNT
TGRA
TCNT
TGRA
TGRA
Bus interface
TGRB
TCNT
TCNT
TGRA
TCNT
TGRA
TSR
TSR
Module data bus
TSTR TSYR
TSR
TIER
TIER
TSR
TIOR
TIOR
TGRA
TSR
TIER
TIER
TIER
TSR
TIOR
TIOR
TIORH TIORL
Control logic
TIOR (H, L):
TIER:
TSR:
TGR (A, B, C, D):
TIER
TMDR
TIORH TIORL
TCR
TMDR
Channel 4
TMDR
TCR
Common
Channel 5
TMDR
TCR
TMDR
Channel 1
TCR
Channel 0
Legend:
TSTR: Timer start register
TSYR: Timer synchronous register
TCR:
Timer control register
TMDR: Timer mode register
Channel 2
Control logic for channels 0 to 2
Input/output pins
TIOCA0
Channel 0:
TIOCB0
TIOCC0
TIOCD0
TIOCA1
Channel 1:
TIOCB1
TIOCA2
Channel 2:
TIOCB2
TMDR
Clock input
Internal clock: φ/1
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
φ/256
φ/1024
φ/4096
External clock: TCLKA
TCLKB
TCLKC
TCLKD
TCR
Control logic for channels 3 to 5
Input/output pins
Channel 3:
TIOCA3
TIOCB3
TIOCC3
TIOCD3
TIOCA4
Channel 4:
TIOCB4
TIOCA5
Channel 5:
TIOCB5
TCR
Channel 3
Figure 10.1 shows a block diagram of the TPU.
Interrupt request signals
Channel 0: TGI0A
TGI0B
TGI0C
TGI0D
TCI0V
Channel 1: TGI1A
TGI1B
TCI1V
TCI1U
Channel 2: TGI2A
TGI2B
TCI2V
TCI2U
Timer I/O control registers (H, L)
Timer interrupt enable register
Timer status register
Timer general registers (A, B, C, D)
Figure 10.1 Block Diagram of TPU
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 305 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 10.2 summarizes the TPU pins.
Table 10.2 TPU Pins
Channel
Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
All
Clock input A
TCLKA
Input
External clock A input pin
(Channel 1 and 5 phase counting mode A
phase input)
Clock input B
TCLKB
Input
External clock B input pin
(Channel 1 and 5 phase counting mode B
phase input)
Clock input C
TCLKC
Input
External clock C input pin
(Channel 2 and 4 phase counting mode A
phase input)
Clock input D
TCLKD
Input
External clock D input pin
(Channel 2 and 4 phase counting mode B
phase input)
Input capture/out TIOCA0
compare match A0
I/O
TGR0A input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCB0
compare match B0
I/O
TGR0B input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCC0
compare match C0
I/O
TGR0C input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCD0
compare match D0
I/O
TGR0D input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCA1
compare match A1
I/O
TGR1A input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCB1
compare match B1
I/O
TGR1B input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCA2
compare match A2
I/O
TGR2A input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCB2
compare match B2
I/O
TGR2B input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
0
1
2
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 306 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
3
Input capture/out TIOCA3
compare match A3
I/O
TGR3A input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCB3
compare match B3
I/O
TGR3B input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCC3
compare match C3
I/O
TGR3C input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCD3
compare match D3
I/O
TGR3D input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCA4
compare match A4
I/O
TGR4A input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCB4
compare match B4
I/O
TGR4B input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCA5
compare match A5
I/O
TGR5A input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
Input capture/out TIOCB5
compare match B5
I/O
TGR5B input capture input/output compare
output/PWM output pin
4
5
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 307 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.1.4
Register Configuration
Table 10.3 summarizes the TPU registers.
Table 10.3 TPU Registers
Channel Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
0
Timer control register 0
TCR0
R/W
H'00
H'FF10
Timer mode register 0
TMDR0
R/W
H'C0
H'FF11
Timer I/O control register 0H
TIOR0H
R/W
H'00
H'FF12
Timer I/O control register 0L
TIOR0L
R/W
H'00
H'FF13
H'FF14
Timer interrupt enable register 0 TIER0
1
2
R/W
Timer status register 0
TSR0
H'40
2
*
R/(W)
H'C0
Timer counter 0
TCNT0
R/W
H'0000
H'FF16
Timer general register 0A
TGR0A
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF18
Timer general register 0B
TGR0B
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF1A
Timer general register 0C
TGR0C
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF1C
Timer general register 0D
TGR0D
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF1E
H'FF15
Timer control register 1
TCR1
R/W
H'00
H'FF20
Timer mode register 1
TMDR1
R/W
H'C0
H'FF21
Timer I/O control register 1
TIOR1
R/W
H'00
H'FF22
Timer interrupt enable register 1 TIER1
R/W
H'FF24
H'FF25
Timer status register 1
TSR1
H'40
2
*
R/(W)
H'C0
Timer counter 1
TCNT1
R/W
H'0000
H'FF26
Timer general register 1A
TGR1A
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF28
Timer general register 1B
TGR1B
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF2A
Timer control register 2
TCR2
R/W
H'00
H'FF30
Timer mode register 2
TMDR2
R/W
H'C0
H'FF31
Timer I/O control register 2
TIOR2
R/W
H'00
H'FF32
Timer interrupt enable register 2 TIER2
Timer status register 2
TSR2
R/W
H'40
R/(W)*2 H'C0
H'FF35
Timer counter 2
TCNT2
R/W
H'0000
H'FF36
Timer general register 2A
TGR2A
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF38
Timer general register 2B
TGR2B
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FF3A
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 308 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
H'FF34
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
3
Timer control register 3
TCR3
R/W
H'00
H'FE80
Timer mode register 3
TMDR3
R/W
H'C0
H'FE81
Timer I/O control register 3H
TIOR3H
R/W
H'00
H'FE82
Timer I/O control register 3L
TIOR3L
R/W
H'00
H'FE83
H'40
H'FE84
4
5
All
Timer interrupt enable register 3 TIER3
R/W
Timer status register 3
TSR3
R/(W)*
H'C0
H'FE85
Timer counter 3
TCNT3
R/W
H'0000
H'FE86
Timer general register 3A
TGR3A
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FE88
Timer general register 3B
TGR3B
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FE8A
Timer general register 3C
TGR3C
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FE8C
Timer general register 3D
TGR3D
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FE8E
Timer control register 4
TCR4
R/W
H'00
H'FE90
Timer mode register 4
TMDR4
R/W
H'C0
H'FE91
Timer I/O control register 4
2
TIOR4
R/W
H'00
H'FE92
Timer interrupt enable register 4 TIER4
R/W
H'40
H'FE94
Timer status register 4
TSR4
R/(W) * H'C0
H'FE95
Timer counter 4
TCNT4
R/W
H'0000
H'FE96
Timer general register 4A
TGR4A
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FE98
2
Timer general register 4B
TGR4B
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FE9A
Timer control register 5
TCR5
R/W
H'00
H'FEA0
Timer mode register 5
TMDR5
R/W
H'C0
H'FEA1
Timer I/O control register 5
TIOR5
R/W
H'00
H'FEA2
Timer interrupt enable register 5 TIER5
R/W
H'FEA4
H'FEA5
Timer status register 5
TSR5
H'40
2
*
R/(W)
H'C0
Timer counter 5
TCNT5
R/W
H'0000
H'FEA6
Timer general register 5A
TGR5A
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FEA8
Timer general register 5B
TGR5B
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FEAA
Timer start register
TSTR
R/W
H'00
H'FEB0
Timer synchro register
TSYR
R/W
H'00
H'FEB1
Module stop control register A
MSTPCRA
R/W
H'3F
H'FDE8
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 309 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2
Register Descriptions
10.2.1
Timer Control Register (TCR)
Channel 0: TCR0
Channel 3: TCR3
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CCLR2
CCLR1
CCLR0
CKEG1
CKEG0
TPSC2
TPSC1
TPSC0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
CCLR1
CCLR0
CKEG1
CKEG0
TPSC2
TPSC1
TPSC0
Initial value :
R/W
:
Channel 1: TCR1
Channel 2: TCR2
Channel 4: TCR4
Channel 5: TCR5
Bit
:
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
The TCR registers are 8-bit registers that control the TCNT channels. The TPU has six TCR
registers, one for each of channels 0 to 5. The TCR registers are initialized to H'00 by a reset, and
in hardware standby mode.
TCR register settings should be made only when TCNT operation is stopped.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 310 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bits 7 to 5—Counter Clear 2 to 0 (CCLR2 to CCLR0): These bits select the TCNT counter
clearing source.
Channel
Bit 7
CCLR2
Bit 6
CCLR1
Bit 5
CCLR0
Description
0, 3
0
0
0
TCNT clearing disabled
1
TCNT cleared by TGRA compare match/input
capture
0
TCNT cleared by TGRB compare match/input
capture
1
TCNT cleared by counter clearing for another
channel performing synchronous clearing/
1
synchronous operation*
0
TCNT clearing disabled
1
TCNT cleared by TGRC compare match/input
2
capture*
0
TCNT cleared by TGRD compare match/input
capture*2
1
TCNT cleared by counter clearing for another
channel performing synchronous clearing/
1
synchronous operation*
1
1
0
1
(Initial value)
Channel
Bit 7
Bit 6
Reserved*3 CCLR1
Bit 5
CCLR0
Description
1, 2, 4, 5
0
0
TCNT clearing disabled
1
TCNT cleared by TGRA compare match/input
capture
0
TCNT cleared by TGRB compare match/input
capture
1
TCNT cleared by counter clearing for another
channel performing synchronous clearing/
1
synchronous operation*
0
1
(Initial value)
Notes: 1. Synchronous operation setting is performed by setting the SYNC bit in TSYR to 1.
2. When TGRC or TGRD is used as a buffer register, TCNT is not cleared because the
buffer register setting has priority, and compare match/input capture does not occur.
3. Bit 7 is reserved in channels 1, 2, 4, and 5. It is always read as 0 and cannot be
modified.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 311 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bits 4 and 3—Clock Edge 1 and 0 (CKEG1, CKEG0): These bits select the input clock edge.
When the input clock is counted using both edges, the input clock period is halved (e.g. φ/4 both
edges = φ/2 rising edge). If phase counting mode is used on channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, this setting is
ignored and the phase counting mode setting has priority.
Bit 4
CKEG1
Bit 3
CKEG0
Description
0
0
Count at rising edge
1
Count at falling edge
—
Count at both edges
1
(Initial value)
Note: Internal clock edge selection is valid when the input clock is φ/4 or slower. This setting is
ignored if the input clock is φ/1, or when overflow/underflow of another channel is selected.
Bits 2 to 0—Time Prescaler 2 to 0 (TPSC2 to TPSC0): These bits select the TCNT counter
clock. The clock source can be selected independently for each channel. Table 10.4 shows the
clock sources that can be set for each channel.
Table 10.4 TPU Clock Sources
Internal Clock
Channel
φ/1 φ/4 φ/16 φ/64 φ/256 φ/1024 φ/4096
0
1
2
3
4
5
Legend:
: Setting
Blank: No setting
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 312 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Overflow/
Underflow
External Clock
on Another
TCLKA TCLKB TCLKC TCLKD Channel
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 2
TPSC2
Bit 1
TPSC1
Bit 0
TPSC0
Description
0
0
0
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/4
1
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/16
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/64
0
External clock: counts on TCLKA pin input
1
External clock: counts on TCLKB pin input
0
External clock: counts on TCLKC pin input
1
External clock: counts on TCLKD pin input
1
0
1
(Initial value)
Channel
Bit 2
TPSC2
Bit 1
TPSC1
Bit 0
TPSC0
Description
1
0
0
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/4
1
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/16
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/64
0
External clock: counts on TCLKA pin input
1
External clock: counts on TCLKB pin input
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/256
1
Counts on TCNT2 overflow/underflow
1
0
1
(Initial value)
Note: This setting is ignored when channel 1 is in phase counting mode.
Channel
Bit 2
TPSC2
Bit 1
TPSC1
Bit 0
TPSC0
Description
2
0
0
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/4
1
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/16
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/64
0
0
External clock: counts on TCLKA pin input
1
External clock: counts on TCLKB pin input
0
External clock: counts on TCLKC pin input
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/1024
1
1
(Initial value)
Note: This setting is ignored when channel 2 is in phase counting mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 313 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 2
TPSC2
Bit 1
TPSC1
Bit 0
TPSC0
Description
3
0
0
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/4
1
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/16
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/64
0
External clock: counts on TCLKA pin input
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/1024
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/256
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/4096
1
0
1
(Initial value)
Channel
Bit 2
TPSC2
Bit 1
TPSC1
Bit 0
TPSC0
Description
4
0
0
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/4
1
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/16
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/64
0
External clock: counts on TCLKA pin input
1
External clock: counts on TCLKC pin input
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1024
1
Counts on TCNT5 overflow/underflow
1
0
1
(Initial value)
Note: This setting is ignored when channel 4 is in phase counting mode.
Channel
Bit 2
TPSC2
Bit 1
TPSC1
Bit 0
TPSC0
Description
5
0
0
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/4
1
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/16
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/64
0
0
External clock: counts on TCLKA pin input
1
External clock: counts on TCLKC pin input
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/256
1
External clock: counts on TCLKD pin input
1
1
Note: This setting is ignored when channel 5 is in phase counting mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 314 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.2
Timer Mode Register (TMDR)
Channel 0: TMDR0
Channel 3: TMDR3
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
BFB
BFA
MD3
MD2
MD1
MD0
Initial value :
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
MD3
MD2
MD1
MD0
Initial value :
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
Channel 1: TMDR1
Channel 2: TMDR2
Channel 4: TMDR4
Channel 5: TMDR5
Bit
:
:
The TMDR registers are 8-bit readable/writable registers that are used to set the operating mode
for each channel. The TPU has six TMDR registers, one for each channel. The TMDR registers
are initialized to H'C0 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
TMDR register settings should be made only when TCNT operation is stopped.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 5—Buffer Operation B (BFB): Specifies whether TGRB is to operate in the normal way, or
TGRB and TGRD are to be used together for buffer operation. When TGRD is used as a buffer
register, TGRD input capture/output compare is not generated.
In channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, which have no TGRD, bit 5 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and
cannot be modified.
Bit 5
BFB
Description
0
TGRB operates normally
1
TGRB and TGRD used together for buffer operation
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 315 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bit 4—Buffer Operation A (BFA): Specifies whether TGRA is to operate in the normal way, or
TGRA and TGRC are to be used together for buffer operation. When TGRC is used as a buffer
register, TGRC input capture/output compare is not generated.
In channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, which have no TGRC, bit 4 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and
cannot be modified.
Bit 4
BFA
Description
0
TGRA operates normally
1
TGRA and TGRC used together for buffer operation
(Initial value)
Bits 3 to 0—Modes 3 to 0 (MD3 to MD0): These bits are used to set the timer operating mode.
Bit 3
MD3*1
Bit 2
MD2*2
Bit 1
MD1
Bit 0
MD0
Description
0
0
0
0
Normal operation
1
Reserved
1
1
0
1
1
*
*
0
PWM mode 1
1
PWM mode 2
0
Phase counting mode 1
1
Phase counting mode 2
0
Phase counting mode 3
1
Phase counting mode 4
*
—
(Initial value)
*: Don’t care
Notes: 1. MD3 is a reserved bit. In a write, it should always be written with 0.
2. Phase counting mode cannot be set for channels 0 and 3. In this case, 0 should always
be written to MD2.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 316 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.3
Timer I/O Control Register (TIOR)
Channel 0: TIOR0H
Channel 1: TIOR1
Channel 2: TIOR2
Channel 3: TIOR3H
Channel 4: TIOR4
Channel 5: TIOR5
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
IOB3
IOB2
IOB1
IOB0
IOA3
IOA2
IOA1
IOA0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
IOD3
IOD2
IOD1
IOD0
IOC3
IOC2
IOC1
IOC0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Channel 0: TIOR0L
Channel 3: TIOR3L
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
Note: When TGRC or TGRD is designated for buffer operation, this setting is invalid and the
register operates as a buffer register.
The TIOR registers are 8-bit registers that control the TGR registers. The TPU has eight TIOR
registers, two each for channels 0 and 3, and one each for channels 1, 2, 4, and 5. The TIOR
registers are initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
Care is required since TIOR is affected by the TMDR setting. The initial output specified by
TIOR is valid when the counter is stopped (the CST bit in TSTR is cleared to 0). Note also that, in
PWM mode 2, the output at the point at which the counter is cleared to 0 is specified.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 317 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bits 7 to 4— I/O Control B3 to B0 (IOB3 to IOB0)
I/O Control D3 to D0 (IOD3 to IOD0):
Bits IOB3 to IOB0 specify the function of TGRB.
Bits IOD3 to IOD0 specify the function of TGRD.
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOB3 IOB2 IOB1 IOB0 Description
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR0B
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
Note:
1
*
*
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR0B
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCB0 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at TCNT1
source is channel count-up/count-down*1
1/count clock
*: Don’t care
1. When bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR1 are set to B'000 and φ/1 is used as the TCNT1
count clock, this setting is invalid and input capture is not generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 318 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOD3 IOD2 IOD1 IOD0 Description
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR0D
Output disabled
is output Initial output is 0
compare output
register*2
1
1
0
1
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
*
*
*
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
0
0
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
Capture input
TGR0D
source is
is input
capture
TIOCD0 pin
2
register*
Capture input
source is channel
1/count clock
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Input capture at TCNT1
1
count-up/count-down*
*: Don’t care
Notes: 1. When bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR1 are set to B'000 and φ/1 is used as the TCNT1
count clock, this setting is invalid and input capture is not generated.
2. When the BFB bit in TMDR0 is set to 1 and TGR0D is used as a buffer register, this
setting is invalid and input capture/output compare is not generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 319 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOB3 IOB2 IOB1 IOB0 Description
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR1B
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
1
*
*
*
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR1B
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCB1 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at generation of
source is TGR0C TGR0C compare match/input
compare match/ capture
input capture
*: Don’t care
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOB3 IOB2 IOB1 IOB0 Description
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR2B
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
1
*
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR2B
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCB2 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
*: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 320 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOB3 IOB2 IOB1 IOB0 Description
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR3B
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
0
1
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
Note:
1
*
*
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR3B
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCB3 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at TCNT4
1
source is channel count-up/count-down*
4/count clock
*: Don’t care
1. When bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR4 are set to B'000 and φ/1 is used as the TCNT4
count clock, this setting is invalid and input capture is not generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 321 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOD3 IOD2 IOD1 IOD0 Description
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR3D
Output disabled
is output Initial output is 0
compare output
register*2
1
1
0
1
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
0
1
*
*
*
1
1
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR3D
Capture input
is input
source is
capture
TIOCD3 pin
register*2
Capture input
source is channel
4/count clock
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Input capture at TCNT4
1
count-up/count-down*
*: Don’t care
Notes: 1. When bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR4 are set to B'000 and φ/1 is used as the TCNT4
count clock, this setting is invalid and input capture is not generated.
2. When the BFB bit in TMDR3 is set to 1 and TGR3D is used as a buffer register, this
setting is invalid and input capture/output compare is not generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 322 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOB3 IOB2 IOB1 IOB0 Description
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR4B
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
1
0
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
*
*
*
1
1
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR4B
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCB4 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at generation of
source is TGR3C TGR3C compare match/
compare match/ input capture
input capture
*: Don’t care
Channel
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4
IOB3 IOB2 IOB1 IOB0 Description
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
TGR5B
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
*
0
0
Output disabled
1
1
0
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR5B
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCB5 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
*: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 323 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bits 3 to 0— I/O Control A3 to A0 (IOA3 to IOA0)
I/O Control C3 to C0 (IOC3 to IOC0):
IOA3 to IOA0 specify the function of TGRA.
IOC3 to IOC0 specify the function of TGRC.
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOA3 IOA2 IOA1 IOA0 Description
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR0A
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
1
*
*
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR0A
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCA0 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at TCNT1
source is channel count-up/count-down
1/ count clock
*: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 324 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOC3 IOC2 IOC1 IOC0 Description
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Output disabled
TGR0C
is output Initial output is 0
compare output
1
register*
1
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
1
0
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
*
*
*
1
1
Note:
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR0C
Capture input
is input
source is
capture
TIOCC0 pin
register*1
Capture input
source is channel
1/count clock
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Input capture at TCNT1
count-up/count-down
*: Don’t care
1. When the BFA bit in TMDR0 is set to 1 and TGR0C is used as a buffer register, this
setting is invalid and input capture/output compare is not generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 325 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOA3 IOA2 IOA1 IOA0 Description
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
TGR1A
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
1
0
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
*
*
*
1
1
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR1A
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCA1 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at generation of
source is TGR0A channel 0/TGR0A compare
compare match/ match/input capture
input capture
*: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 326 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOA3 IOA2 IOA1 IOA0 Description
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
TGR2A
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
*
0
0
Output disabled
1
1
0
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR2A
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCA2 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
*: Don’t care
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOA3 IOA2 IOA1 IOA0 Description
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR3A
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
1
*
*
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR3A
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCA3 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at TCNT4
source is channel count-up/count-down
4/count clock
*: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 327 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOC3 IOC2 IOC1 IOC0 Description
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Output disabled
TGR3C
is output Initial output is 0
compare output
1
register*
1
1
0
0
0
Output disabled
1
1
0
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
*
*
*
1
1
Note:
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR3C
Capture input
is input
source is
capture
TIOCC3 pin
register*1
Capture input
source is channel
4/count clock
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Input capture at TCNT4
count-up/count-down
*: Don’t care
1. When the BFA bit in TMDR3 is set to 1 and TGR3C is used as a buffer register, this
setting is invalid and input capture/output compare is not generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 328 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOA3 IOA2 IOA1 IOA0 Description
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR4A
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
1
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
0
1
*
*
*
1
1
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR4A
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCA4 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
Capture input
Input capture at generation of
source is TGR3A TGR3A compare match/input
compare match/ capture
input capture
*: Don’t care
Channel
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
IOA3 IOA2 IOA1 IOA0 Description
5
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
TGR5A
is output
compare
register
Output disabled
Initial output is 0
output
1
1
0
1
*
0
0
Output disabled
1
Initial output is 1
output
0
0
1
1
*
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
1
1
(Initial value)
0 output at compare match
1 output at compare match
Toggle output at compare
match
TGR5A
is input
capture
register
Capture input
source is
TIOCA5 pin
Input capture at rising edge
Input capture at falling edge
Input capture at both edges
*: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 329 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.4
Timer Interrupt Enable Register (TIER)
Channel 0: TIER0
Channel 3: TIER3
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TTGE
—
—
TCIEV
TGIED
TGIEC
TGIEB
TGIEA
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Channel 1: TIER1
Channel 2: TIER2
Channel 4: TIER4
Channel 5: TIER5
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TTGE
—
TCIEU
TCIEV
—
—
TGIEB
TGIEA
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
The TIER registers are 8-bit registers that control enabling or disabling of interrupt requests for
each channel. The TPU has six TIER registers, one for each channel. The TIER registers are
initialized to H'40 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 330 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bit 7—A/D Conversion Start Request Enable (TTGE): Enables or disables generation of A/D
conversion start requests by TGRA input capture/compare match.
Bit 7
TTGE
Description
0
A/D conversion start request generation disabled
1
A/D conversion start request generation enabled
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Reserved: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 5—Underflow Interrupt Enable (TCIEU): Enables or disables interrupt requests (TCIU) by
the TCFU flag when the TCFU flag in TSR is set to 1 in channels 1, 2, 4, and 5.
In channels 0 and 3, bit 5 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 5
TCIEU
Description
0
Interrupt requests (TCIU) by TCFU disabled
1
Interrupt requests (TCIU) by TCFU enabled
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Overflow Interrupt Enable (TCIEV): Enables or disables interrupt requests (TCIV) by
the TCFV flag when the TCFV flag in TSR is set to 1.
Bit 4
TCIEV
Description
0
Interrupt requests (TCIV) by TCFV disabled
1
Interrupt requests (TCIV) by TCFV enabled
(Initial value)
Bit 3—TGR Interrupt Enable D (TGIED): Enables or disables interrupt requests (TGID) by the
TGFD bit when the TGFD bit in TSR is set to 1 in channels 0 and 3.
In channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, bit 3 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 3
TGIED
Description
0
Interrupt requests (TGID) by TGFD bit disabled
1
Interrupt requests (TGID) by TGFD bit enabled
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 331 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bit 2—TGR Interrupt Enable C (TGIEC): Enables or disables interrupt requests (TGIC) by the
TGFC bit when the TGFC bit in TSR is set to 1 in channels 0 and 3.
In channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, bit 2 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 2
TGIEC
Description
0
Interrupt requests (TGIC) by TGFC bit disabled
1
Interrupt requests (TGIC) by TGFC bit enabled
(Initial value)
Bit 1—TGR Interrupt Enable B (TGIEB): Enables or disables interrupt requests (TGIB) by the
TGFB bit when the TGFB bit in TSR is set to 1.
Bit 1
TGIEB
Description
0
Interrupt requests (TGIB) by TGFB bit disabled
1
Interrupt requests (TGIB) by TGFB bit enabled
(Initial value)
Bit 0—TGR Interrupt Enable A (TGIEA): Enables or disables interrupt requests (TGIA) by the
TGFA bit when the TGFA bit in TSR is set to 1.
Bit 0
TGIEA
Description
0
Interrupt requests (TGIA) by TGFA bit disabled
1
Interrupt requests (TGIA) by TGFA bit enabled
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 332 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.5
Timer Status Register (TSR)
Channel 0: TSR0
Channel 3: TSR3
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
TCFV
TGFD
TGFC
TGFB
TGFA
Initial value :
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
—
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
:
Note: * Can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
Channel 1: TSR1
Channel 2: TSR2
Channel 4: TSR4
Channel 5: TSR5
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TCFD
—
TCFU
TCFV
—
—
TGFB
TGFA
Initial value :
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R
—
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
—
—
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
:
Note: * Can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
The TSR registers are 8-bit registers that indicate the status of each channel. The TPU has six TSR
registers, one for each channel. The TSR registers are initialized to H'C0 by a reset, and in
hardware standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 333 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bit 7—Count Direction Flag (TCFD): Status flag that shows the direction in which TCNT
counts in channels 1, 2, 4, and 5.
In channels 0 and 3, bit 7 is reserved. It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 7
TCFD
Description
0
TCNT counts down
1
TCNT counts up
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Reserved: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 5—Underflow Flag (TCFU): Status flag that indicates that TCNT underflow has occurred
when channels 1, 2, 4, and 5 are set to phase counting mode.
In channels 0 and 3, bit 5 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 5
TCFU
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
(Initial value)
When 0 is written to TCFU after reading TCFU = 1
1
[Setting condition]
When the TCNT value underflows (changes from H'0000 to H'FFFF)
Bit 4—Overflow Flag (TCFV): Status flag that indicates that TCNT overflow has occurred.
Bit 4
TCFV
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
When 0 is written to TCFV after reading TCFV = 1
1
[Setting condition]
When the TCNT value overflows (changes from H'FFFF to H'0000 )
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 334 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bit 3—Input Capture/Output Compare Flag D (TGFD): Status flag that indicates the
occurrence of TGRD input capture or compare match in channels 0 and 3.
In channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, bit 3 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 3
TGFD
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
(Initial value)
•
When DTC is activated by TGID interrupt while DISEL bit of MRB in DTC is 0
•
When 0 is written to TGFD after reading TGFD = 1
[Setting conditions]
•
When TCNT = TGRD while TGRD is functioning as output compare register
•
When TCNT value is transferred to TGRD by input capture signal while TGRD is
functioning as input capture register
Bit 2—Input Capture/Output Compare Flag C (TGFC): Status flag that indicates the
occurrence of TGRC input capture or compare match in channels 0 and 3.
In channels 1, 2, 4, and 5, bit 2 is reserved. It is always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 2
TGFC
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
(Initial value)
•
When DTC is activated by TGIC interrupt while DISEL bit of MRB in DTC is 0
•
When 0 is written to TGFC after reading TGFC = 1
[Setting conditions]
•
When TCNT = TGRC while TGRC is functioning as output compare register
•
When TCNT value is transferred to TGRC by input capture signal while TGRC is
functioning as input capture register
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 335 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Bit 1—Input Capture/Output Compare Flag B (TGFB): Status flag that indicates the
occurrence of TGRB input capture or compare match.
Bit 1
TGFB
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
(Initial value)
•
When DTC is activated by TGIB interrupt while DISEL bit of MRB in DTC is 0
•
When 0 is written to TGFB after reading TGFB = 1
[Setting conditions]
•
When TCNT = TGRB while TGRB is functioning as output compare register
•
When TCNT value is transferred to TGRB by input capture signal while TGRB is
functioning as input capture register
Bit 0—Input Capture/Output Compare Flag A (TGFA): Status flag that indicates the
occurrence of TGRA input capture or compare match.
Bit 0
TGFA
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
(Initial value)
•
When DTC is activated by TGIA interrupt while DISEL bit of MRB in DTC is 0
•
When 0 is written to TGFA after reading TGFA = 1
[Setting conditions]
•
When TCNT = TGRA while TGRA is functioning as output compare register
•
When TCNT value is transferred to TGRA by input capture signal while TGRA is
functioning as input capture register
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 336 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.6
Timer Counter (TCNT)
Channel 0: TCNT0 (up-counter)
Channel 1: TCNT1 (up/down-counter*)
Channel 2: TCNT2 (up/down-counter*)
Channel 3: TCNT3 (up-counter)
Channel 4: TCNT4 (up/down-counter*)
Channel 5: TCNT5 (up/down-counter*)
Bit
:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
: R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Note: * These counters can be used as up/down-counters only in phase counting mode or when
counting overflow/underflow on another channel. In other cases they function as upcounters.
The TCNT registers are 16-bit counters. The TPU has six TCNT counters, one for each channel.
The TCNT counters are initialized to H'0000 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
The TCNT counters cannot be accessed in 8-bit units; they must always be accessed as a 16-bit
unit.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 337 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.7
Bit
Timer General Register (TGR)
:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
: R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
The TGR registers are 16-bit registers with a dual function as output compare and input capture
registers. The TPU has 16 TGR registers, four each for channels 0 and 3 and two each for
channels 1, 2, 4, and 5. TGRC and TGRD for channels 0 and 3 can also be designated for
operation as buffer registers*. The TGR registers are initialized to H'FFFF by a reset, and in
hardware standby mode.
The TGR registers cannot be accessed in 8-bit units; they must always be accessed as a 16-bit unit.
Note: * TGR buffer register combinations are TGRA—TGRC and TGRB—TGRD.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 338 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.8
Bit
Timer Start Register (TSTR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
CST5
CST4
CST3
CST2
CST1
CST0
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
TSTR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects operation/stoppage for channels 0 to 5.
TSTR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. When setting the operating
mode in TMDR or setting the count clock in TCR, first stop the TCNT counter.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: Should always be written with 0.
Bits 5 to 0—Counter Start 5 to 0 (CST5 to CST0): These bits select operation or stoppage for
TCNT.
Bit n
CSTn
Description
0
TCNTn count operation is stopped
1
TCNTn performs count operation
(Initial value)
n = 5 to 0
Note: If 0 is written to the CST bit during operation with the TIOC pin designated for output, the
counter stops but the TIOC pin output compare output level is retained. If TIOR is written to
when the CST bit is cleared to 0, the pin output level will be changed to the set initial output
value.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 339 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.9
Bit
Timer Synchro Register (TSYR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
SYNC5
SYNC4
SYNC3
SYNC2
SYNC1
SYNC0
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
TSYR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects independent operation or synchronous
operation for the channel 0 to 4 TCNT counters. A channel performs synchronous operation when
the corresponding bit in TSYR is set to 1.
TSYR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: Should always be written with 0.
Bits 5 to 0—Timer Synchro 5 to 0 (SYNC5 to SYNC0): These bits select whether operation is
independent of or synchronized with other channels.
When synchronous operation is selected, synchronous presetting of multiple channels*1, and
synchronous clearing through counter clearing on another channel*2 are possible.
Bit n
SYNCn
0
1
Description
TCNTn operates independently (TCNT presetting/clearing is unrelated to
other channels)
(Initial value)
TCNTn performs synchronous operation
TCNT synchronous presetting/synchronous clearing is possible
n = 5 to 0
Notes: 1. To set synchronous operation, the SYNC bits for at least two channels must be set to 1.
2. To set synchronous clearing, in addition to the SYNC bit , the TCNT clearing source
must also be set by means of bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.2.10 Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPA7 MSTPA6 MSTPA5 MSTPA4 MSTPA3 MSTPA2 MSTPA1 MSTPA0
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MSTPCRA is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPA5 bit in MSTPCRA is set to 1, TPU operation stops at the end of the bus cycle
and a transition is made to module stop mode. Registers cannot be read or written to in module
stop mode. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRA is initialized to H'3F by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 5—Module Stop (MSTPA5): Specifies the TPU module stop mode.
Bit 5
MSTPA5
Description
0
TPU module stop mode cleared
1
TPU module stop mode set
(Initial value)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.3
Interface to Bus Master
10.3.1
16-Bit Registers
TCNT and TGR are 16-bit registers. As the data bus to the bus master is 16 bits wide, these
registers can be read and written to in 16-bit units.
These registers cannot be read or written to in 8-bit units; 16-bit access must always be used.
An example of 16-bit register access operation is shown in figure 10.2.
Internal data bus
H
Bus
master
L
Module
data bus
Bus interface
TCNTH
TCNTL
Figure 10.2 16-Bit Register Access Operation [Bus Master ↔ TCNT (16 Bits)]
10.3.2
8-Bit Registers
Registers other than TCNT and TGR are 8-bit. As the data bus to the CPU is 16 bits wide, these
registers can be read and written to in 16-bit units. They can also be read and written to in 8-bit
units.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Examples of 8-bit register access operation are shown in figures 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5.
Internal data bus
H
Bus
master
L
Module
data bus
Bus interface
TCR
Figure 10.3 8-Bit Register Access Operation [Bus Master ↔ TCR (Upper 8 Bits)]
Internal data bus
H
Bus
master
L
Module
data bus
Bus interface
TMDR
Figure 10.4 8-Bit Register Access Operation [Bus Master ↔ TMDR (Lower 8 Bits)]
Internal data bus
H
Bus
master
L
Module
data bus
Bus interface
TCR
TMDR
Figure 10.5 8-Bit Register Access Operation [Bus Master ↔ TCR and TMDR (16 Bits)]
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.4
Operation
10.4.1
Overview
Operation in each mode is outlined below.
Normal Operation: Each channel has a TCNT and TGR register. TCNT performs up-counting,
and is also capable of free-running operation, synchronous counting, and external event counting.
Each TGR can be used as an input capture register or output compare register.
Synchronous Operation: When synchronous operation is designated for a channel, TCNT for
that channel performs synchronous presetting. That is, when TCNT for a channel designated for
synchronous operation is rewritten, the TCNT counters for the other channels are also rewritten at
the same time. Synchronous clearing of the TCNT counters is also possible by setting the timer
synchronization bits in TSYR for channels designated for synchronous operation.
Buffer Operation
• When TGR is an output compare register
When a compare match occurs, the value in the buffer register for the relevant channel is
transferred to TGR.
• When TGR is an input capture register
When input capture occurs, the value in TCNT is transfer to TGR and the value previously
held in TGR is transferred to the buffer register.
Cascaded Operation: The channel 1 counter (TCNT1), channel 2 counter (TCNT2), channel 4
counter (TCNT4), and channel 5 counter (TCNT5) can be connected together to operate as a 32bit counter.
PWM Mode: In this mode, a PWM waveform is output. The output level can be set by means of
TIOR. A PWM waveform with a duty of between 0% and 100% can be output, according to the
setting of each TGR register.
Phase Counting Mode: In this mode, TCNT is incremented or decremented by detecting the
phases of two clocks input from the external clock input pins in channels 1, 2, 4, and 5. When
phase counting mode is set, the corresponding TCLK pin functions as the clock pin, and TCNT
performs up- or down-counting.
This can be used for two-phase encoder pulse input.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.4.2
Basic Functions
Counter Operation: When one of bits CST0 to CST5 is set to 1 in TSTR, the TCNT counter for
the corresponding channel starts counting. TCNT can operate as a free-running counter, periodic
counter, and so on.
• Example of count operation setting procedure
Figure 10.6 shows an example of the count operation setting procedure.
[1] Select the counter
clock with bits
TPSC2 to TPSC0 in
TCR. At the same
time, select the
input clock edge
with bits CKEG1
and CKEG0 in TCR.
Operation selection
Select counter clock
[1]
Periodic counter
Select counter clearing source
[2]
Select output compare register
[3]
Set period
[4]
Start count operation
[5]
<Periodic counter>
[2] For periodic counter
operation, select the
TGR to be used as
the TCNT clearing
source with bits
CCLR2 to CCLR0 in
TCR.
Free-running counter
[3] Designate the TGR
selected in [2] as an
output compare
register by means of
TIOR.
[4] Set the periodic
counter cycle in the
TGR selected in [2].
Start count operation
<Free-running counter>
[5]
[5] Set the CST bit in
TSTR to 1 to start
the counter
operation.
Figure 10.6 Example of Counter Operation Setting Procedure
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• Free-running count operation and periodic count operation
Immediately after a reset, the TPU’s TCNT counters are all designated as free-running
counters. When the relevant bit in TSTR is set to 1 the corresponding TCNT counter starts upcount operation as a free-running counter. When TCNT overflows (from H'FFFF to H'0000),
the TCFV bit in TSR is set to 1. If the value of the corresponding TCIEV bit in TIER is 1 at
this point, the TPU requests an interrupt. After overflow, TCNT starts counting up again from
H'0000.
Figure 10.7 illustrates free-running counter operation.
TCNT value
H'FFFF
H'0000
Time
CST bit
TCFV
Figure 10.7 Free-Running Counter Operation
When compare match is selected as the TCNT clearing source, the TCNT counter for the
relevant channel performs periodic count operation. The TGR register for setting the period is
designated as an output compare register, and counter clearing by compare match is selected
by means of bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR. After the settings have been made, TCNT starts
up-count operation as periodic counter when the corresponding bit in TSTR is set to 1. When
the count value matches the value in TGR, the TGF bit in TSR is set to 1 and TCNT is cleared
to H'0000.
If the value of the corresponding TGIE bit in TIER is 1 at this point, the TPU requests an
interrupt. After a compare match, TCNT starts counting up again from H'0000.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Figure 10.8 illustrates periodic counter operation.
Counter cleared by TGR
compare match
TCNT value
TGR
H'0000
Time
CST bit
Flag cleared by software or
DTC activation
TGF
Figure 10.8 Periodic Counter Operation
Waveform Output by Compare Match: The TPU can perform 0, 1, or toggle output from the
corresponding output pin using compare match.
• Example of setting procedure for waveform output by compare match
Figure 10.9 shows an example of the setting procedure for waveform output by compare match
Output selection
Select waveform output mode
[1]
[1] Select initial value 0 output or 1 output, and
compare match output value 0 output, 1 output,
or toggle output, by means of TIOR. The set
initial value is output at the TIOC pin until the
first compare match occurs.
[2] Set the timing for compare match generation in
TGR.
Set output timing
[2]
Start count operation
[3]
[3] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1 to start the count
operation.
<Waveform output>
Figure 10.9 Example Of Setting Procedure For Waveform Output By Compare Match
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• Examples of waveform output operation
Figure 10.10 shows an example of 0 output/1 output.
In this example TCNT has been designated as a free-running counter, and settings have been
made so that 1 is output by compare match A, and 0 is output by compare match B. When the
set level and the pin level coincide, the pin level does not change.
TCNT value
H'FFFF
TGRA
TGRB
Time
H'0000
No change
No change
1 output
TIOCA
TIOCB
No change
No change
0 output
Figure 10.10 Example of 0 Output/1 Output Operation
Figure 10.11 shows an example of toggle output.
In this example TCNT has been designated as a periodic counter (with counter clearing
performed by compare match B), and settings have been made so that output is toggled by both
compare match A and compare match B.
TCNT value
Counter cleared by TGRB compare match
H'FFFF
TGRB
TGRA
Time
H'0000
Toggle output
TIOCB
Toggle output
TIOCA
Figure 10.11 Example of Toggle Output Operation
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Input Capture Function: The TCNT value can be transferred to TGR on detection of the TIOC
pin input edge.
Rising edge, falling edge, or both edges can be selected as the detected edge. For channels 0, 1, 3,
and 4, it is also possible to specify another channel’s counter input clock or compare match signal
as the input capture source.
Note: When another channel’s counter input clock is used as the input capture input for channels
0 and 3, φ/1 should not be selected as the counter input clock used for input capture input.
Input capture will not be generated if φ/1 is selected.
• Example of input capture operation setting procedure
Figure 10.12 shows an example of the input capture operation setting procedure.
[1] Designate TGR as an input capture register by
means of TIOR, and select rising edge, falling
edge, or both edges as the input capture source
and input signal edge.
Input selection
Select input capture input
[1]
Start count
[2]
[2] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1 to start the count
operation.
<Input capture operation>
Figure 10.12 Example of Input Capture Operation Setting Procedure
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• Example of input capture operation
Figure 10.13 shows an example of input capture operation.
In this example both rising and falling edges have been selected as the TIOCA pin input
capture input edge, falling edge has been selected as the TIOCB pin input capture input edge,
and counter clearing by TGRB input capture has been designated for TCNT.
Counter cleared by TIOCB
input (falling edge)
TCNT value
H'0180
H'0160
H'0010
H'0005
Time
H'0000
TIOCA
TGRA
H'0005
H'0160
H'0010
TIOCB
TGRB
H'0180
Figure 10.13 Example of Input Capture Operation
10.4.3
Synchronous Operation
In synchronous operation, the values in a number of TCNT counters can be rewritten
simultaneously (synchronous presetting). Also, a number of TCNT counters can be cleared
simultaneously by making the appropriate setting in TCR (synchronous clearing).
Synchronous operation enables TGR to be incremented with respect to a single time base.
Channels 0 to 5 can all be designated for synchronous operation.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Example of Synchronous Operation Setting Procedure: Figure 10.14 shows an example of the
synchronous operation setting procedure.
Synchronous operation
selection
Set synchronous
operation
[1]
Synchronous presetting
Set TCNT
Synchronous clearing
[2]
Clearing
sourcegeneration
channel?
No
Yes
<Synchronous presetting>
Select counter
clearing source
[3]
Set synchronous
counter clearing
[4]
Start count
[5]
Start count
[5]
<Counter clearing>
<Synchronous clearing>
[1] Set to 1 the SYNC bits in TSYR corresponding to the channels to be designated for
synchronous operation.
[2] When the TCNT counter of any of the channels designated for synchronous operation is
written to, the same value is simultaneously written to the other TCNT counters.
[3] Use bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR to specify TCNT clearing by input capture/output compare,
etc.
[4] Use bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR to designate synchronous clearing for the counter clearing
source.
[5] Set to 1 the CST bits in TSTR for the relevant channels, to start the count operation.
Figure 10.14 Example of Synchronous Operation Setting Procedure
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Example of Synchronous Operation: Figure 10.15 shows an example of synchronous operation.
In this example, synchronous operation and PWM mode 1 have been designated for channels 0 to
2, TGR0B compare match has been set as the channel 0 counter clearing source, and synchronous
clearing has been set for the channel 1 and 2 counter clearing source.
Three-phase PWM waveforms are output from pins TIOC0A, TIOC1A, and TIOC2A. At this
time, synchronous presetting, and synchronous clearing by TGR0B compare match, is performed
for channel 0 to 2 TCNT counters, and the data set in TGR0B is used as the PWM cycle.
For details of PWM modes, see section 10.4.6, PWM Modes.
Synchronous clearing by TGR0B compare match
TCNT0 to TCNT2 values
TGR0B
TGR1B
TGR0A
TGR2B
TGR1A
TGR2A
Time
H'0000
TIOC0A
TIOC1A
TIOC2A
Figure 10.15 Example of Synchronous Operation
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.4.4
Buffer Operation
Buffer operation, provided for channels 0 and 3, enables TGRC and TGRD to be used as buffer
registers.
Buffer operation differs depending on whether TGR has been designated as an input capture
register or as a compare match register.
Table 10.5 shows the register combinations used in buffer operation.
Table 10.5 Register Combinations in Buffer Operation
Channel
Timer General Register
Buffer Register
0
TGR0A
TGR0C
TGR0B
TGR0D
3
TGR3A
TGR3C
TGR3B
TGR3D
• When TGR is an output compare register
When a compare match occurs, the value in the buffer register for the corresponding channel is
transferred to the timer general register.
This operation is illustrated in figure 10.16.
Compare match signal
Buffer register
Timer general
register
Comparator
TCNT
Figure 10.16 Compare Match Buffer Operation
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• When TGR is an input capture register
When input capture occurs, the value in TCNT is transferred to TGR and the value previously
held in the timer general register is transferred to the buffer register.
This operation is illustrated in figure 10.17.
Input capture
signal
Timer general
register
Buffer register
TCNT
Figure 10.17 Input Capture Buffer Operation
Example of Buffer Operation Setting Procedure: Figure 10.18 shows an example of the buffer
operation setting procedure.
[1] Designate TGR as an input capture register or
output compare register by means of TIOR.
Buffer operation
Select TGR function
[1]
[2] Designate TGR for buffer operation with bits
BFA and BFB in TMDR.
Set buffer operation
[2]
[3] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1 to start the count
operation.
Start count
[3]
<Buffer operation>
Figure 10.18 Example of Buffer Operation Setting Procedure
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Examples of Buffer Operation:
• When TGR is an output compare register
Figure 10.19 shows an operation example in which PWM mode 1 has been designated for
channel 0, and buffer operation has been designated for TGRA and TGRC. The settings used
in this example are TCNT clearing by compare match B, 1 output at compare match A, and 0
output at compare match B.
As buffer operation has been set, when compare match A occurs the output changes and the
value in buffer register TGRC is simultaneously transferred to timer general register TGRA.
This operation is repeated each time compare match A occurs.
For details of PWM modes, see section 10.4.6, PWM Modes.
TCNT value
TGR0B
H'0520
H'0450
H'0200
TGR0A
Time
H'0000
TGR0C H'0200
H'0450
H'0520
Transfer
TGR0A
H'0200
H'0450
TIOCA
Figure 10.19 Example of Buffer Operation (1)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• When TGR is an input capture register
Figure 10.20 shows an operation example in which TGRA has been designated as an input
capture register, and buffer operation has been designated for TGRA and TGRC.
Counter clearing by TGRA input capture has been set for TCNT, and both rising and falling
edges have been selected as the TIOCA pin input capture input edge.
As buffer operation has been set, when the TCNT value is stored in TGRA upon occurrence of
input capture A, the value previously stored in TGRA is simultaneously transferred to TGRC.
TCNT value
H'0F07
H'09FB
H'0532
H'0000
Time
TIOCA
TGRA
H'0532
TGRC
H'0F07
H'09FB
H'0532
H'0F07
Figure 10.20 Example of Buffer Operation (2)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.4.5
Cascaded Operation
In cascaded operation, two 16-bit counters for different channels are used together as a 32-bit
counter.
This function works by counting the channel 1 (channel 4) counter clock upon overflow/underflow
of TCNT2 (TCNT5) as set in bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR.
Underflow occurs only when the lower 16-bit TCNT is in phase-counting mode.
Table 10.6 shows the register combinations used in cascaded operation.
Note: When phase counting mode is set for channel 1 or 4, the counter clock setting is invalid
and the counter operates independently in phase counting mode.
Table 10.6 Cascaded Combinations
Combination
Upper 16 Bits
Lower 16 Bits
Channels 1 and 2
TCNT1
TCNT2
Channels 4 and 5
TCNT4
TCNT5
Example of Cascaded Operation Setting Procedure: Figure 10.21 shows an example of the
setting procedure for cascaded operation.
[1] Set bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in the channel 1
(channel 4) TCR to B’111 to select TCNT2
(TCNT5) overflow/underflow counting.
Cascaded operation
Set cascading
[1]
Start count
[2]
[2] Set the CST bit in TSTR for the upper and lower
channel to 1 to start the count operation.
<Cascaded operation>
Figure 10.21 Cascaded Operation Setting Procedure
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Examples of Cascaded Operation: Figure 10.22 illustrates the operation when counting upon
TCNT2 overflow/underflow has been set for TCNT1, TGR1A and TGR2A have been designated
as input capture registers, and TIOC pin rising edge has been selected.
When a rising edge is input to the TIOCA1 and TIOCA2 pins simultaneously, the upper 16 bits of
the 32-bit data are transferred to TGR1A, and the lower 16 bits to TGR2A.
TCNT1
clock
TCNT1
H'03A1
H'03A2
TCNT2
clock
TCNT2
H'FFFF
H'0000
H'0001
TIOCA1,
TIOCA2
TGR1A
H'03A2
TGR2A
H'0000
Figure 10.22 Example of Cascaded Operation (1)
Figure 10.23 illustrates the operation when counting upon TCNT2 overflow/underflow has been
set for TCNT1, and phase counting mode has been designated for channel 2.
TCNT1 is incremented by TCNT2 overflow and decremented by TCNT2 underflow.
TCLKA
TCLKB
TCNT2
TCNT1
FFFD
FFFE
FFFF
0000
0000
0001
0002
0001
0001
Figure 10.23 Example of Cascaded Operation (2)
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0000
FFFF
0000
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.4.6
PWM Modes
In PWM mode, PWM waveforms are output from the output pins. 0, 1, or toggle output can be
selected as the output level in response to compare match of each TGR.
Designating TGR compare match as the counter clearing source enables the period to be set in that
register. All channels can be designated for PWM mode independently. Synchronous operation is
also possible.
There are two PWM modes, as described below.
• PWM mode 1
PWM output is generated from the TIOCA and TIOCC pins by pairing TGRA with TGRB and
TGRC with TGRD. The output specified by bits IOA3 to IOA0 and IOC3 to IOC0 in TIOR is
output from the TIOCA and TIOCC pins at compare matches A and C, and the output
specified by bits IOB3 to IOB0 and IOD3 to IOD0 in TIOR is output at compare matches B
and D. The initial output value is the value set in TGRA or TGRC. If the set values of paired
TGRs are identical, the output value does not change when a compare match occurs.
In PWM mode 1, a maximum 8-phase PWM output is possible.
• PWM mode 2
PWM output is generated using one TGR as the cycle register and the others as duty registers.
The output specified in TIOR is performed by means of compare matches. Upon counter
clearing by a synchronization register compare match, the output value of each pin is the initial
value set in TIOR. If the set values of the cycle and duty registers are identical, the output
value does not change when a compare match occurs.
In PWM mode 2, a maximum 15-phase PWM output is possible by combined use with
synchronous operation.
The correspondence between PWM output pins and registers is shown in table 10.7.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Table 10.7 PWM Output Registers and Output Pins
Output Pins
Channel
Registers
PWM Mode 1
PWM Mode 2
0
TGR0A
TIOCA0
TIOCA0
TGR0B
TGR0C
TIOCB0
TIOCC0
TGR0D
1
TGR1A
TIOCD0
TIOCA1
TGR1B
2
TGR2A
TGR3A
TIOCA2
TIOCA3
TGR4A
TIOCC3
TGR5A
TGR5B
TIOCC3
TIOCD3
TIOCA4
TGR4B
5
TIOCA3
TIOCB3
TGR3D
4
TIOCA2
TIOCB2
TGR3B
TGR3C
TIOCA1
TIOCB1
TGR2B
3
TIOCC0
TIOCA4
TIOCB4
TIOCA5
TIOCA5
TIOCB5
Note: In PWM mode 2, PWM output is not possible for the TGR register in which the period is set.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Example of PWM Mode Setting Procedure: Figure 10.24 shows an example of the PWM mode
setting procedure.
PWM mode
Select counter clock
[1]
[1] Select the counter clock with bits TPSC2 to
TPSC0 in TCR. At the same time, select the
input clock edge with bits CKEG1 and CKEG0 in
TCR.
[2] Use bits CCLR2 to CCLR0 in TCR to select the
TGR to be used as the TCNT clearing source.
Select counter clearing source
Select waveform output level
Set TGR
[2]
[3]
[4]
[3] Use TIOR to designate the TGR as an output
compare register, and select the initial value and
output value.
[4] Set the cycle in the TGR selected in [2], and set
the duty in the other the TGR.
[5] Select the PWM mode with bits MD3 to MD0 in
TMDR.
Set PWM mode
[5]
Start count
[6]
[6] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1 to start the count
operation.
<PWM mode>
Figure 10.24 Example of PWM Mode Setting Procedure
Examples of PWM Mode Operation: Figure 10.25 shows an example of PWM mode 1
operation.
In this example, TGRA compare match is set as the TCNT clearing source, 0 is set for the TGRA
initial output value and output value, and 1 is set as the TGRB output value.
In this case, the value set in TGRA is used as the period, and the values set in TGRB registers as
the duty.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
TCNT value
TGRA
Counter cleared by
TGRA compare match
TGRB
H'0000
Time
TIOCA
Figure 10.25 Example of PWM Mode Operation (1)
Figure 10.26 shows an example of PWM mode 2 operation.
In this example, synchronous operation is designated for channels 0 and 1, TGR1B compare
match is set as the TCNT clearing source, and 0 is set for the initial output value and 1 for the
output value of the other TGR registers (TGR0A to TGR0D, TGR1A), to output a 5-phase PWM
waveform.
In this case, the value set in TGR1B is used as the cycle, and the values set in the other TGRs as
the duty.
Counter cleared by TGR1B
compare match
TCNT value
TGR1B
TGR1A
TGR0D
TGR0C
TGR0B
TGR0A
H'0000
Time
TIOCA0
TIOCB0
TIOCC0
TIOCD0
TIOCA1
Figure 10.26 Example of PWM Mode Operation (2)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Figure 10.27 shows examples of PWM waveform output with 0% duty and 100% duty in PWM
mode.
TCNT value
TGRB rewritten
TGRA
TGRB
TGRB
rewritten
TGRB rewritten
H'0000
Time
0% duty
TIOCA
Output does not change when cycle register and duty register
compare matches occur simultaneously
TCNT value
TGRB rewritten
TGRA
TGRB rewritten
TGRB rewritten
TGRB
H'0000
Time
100% duty
TIOCA
Output does not change when cycle register and duty
register compare matches occur simultaneously
TCNT value
TGRB rewritten
TGRA
TGRB rewritten
TGRB
TGRB rewritten
Time
H'0000
TIOCA
100% duty
0% duty
Figure 10.27 Example of PWM Mode Operation (3)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.4.7
Phase Counting Mode
In phase counting mode, the phase difference between two external clock inputs is detected and
TCNT is incremented/decremented accordingly. This mode can be set for channels 1, 2, 4, and 5.
When phase counting mode is set, an external clock is selected as the counter input clock and
TCNT operates as an up/down-counter regardless of the setting of bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 and bits
CKEG1 and CKEG0 in TCR. However, the functions of bits CCLR1 and CCLR0 in TCR, and of
TIOR, TIER, and TGR are valid, and input capture/compare match and interrupt functions can be
used.
When overflow occurs while TCNT is counting up, the TCFV flag in TSR is set; when underflow
occurs while TCNT is counting down, the TCFU flag is set.
The TCFD bit in TSR is the count direction flag. Reading the TCFD flag provides an indication of
whether TCNT is counting up or down.
Table 10.8 shows the correspondence between external clock pins and channels.
Table 10.8 Phase Counting Mode Clock Input Pins
External Clock Pins
Channels
A-Phase
B-Phase
When channel 1 or 5 is set to phase counting mode
TCLKA
TCLKB
When channel 2 or 4 is set to phase counting mode
TCLKC
TCLKD
Example of Phase Counting Mode Setting Procedure: Figure 10.28 shows an example of the
phase counting mode setting procedure.
[1] Select phase counting mode with bits MD3 to
MD0 in TMDR.
Phase counting mode
Select phase counting mode
[1]
Start count
[2]
[2] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1 to start the count
operation.
<Phase counting mode>
Figure 10.28 Example of Phase Counting Mode Setting Procedure
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Examples of Phase Counting Mode Operation: In phase counting mode, TCNT counts up or
down according to the phase difference between two external clocks. There are four modes,
according to the count conditions.
• Phase counting mode 1
Figure 10.29 shows an example of phase counting mode 1 operation, and table 10.9
summarizes the TCNT up/down-count conditions.
TCLKA (channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (channels 2 and 4)
TCNT value
Up-count
Down-count
Time
Figure 10.29 Example of Phase Counting Mode 1 Operation
Table 10.9 Up/Down-Count Conditions in Phase Counting Mode 1
TCLKA (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (Channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (Channels 2 and 4)
High level
Operation
Up-count
Low level
Low level
High level
High level
Down-count
Low level
High level
Low level
Legend:
: Rising edge
: Falling edge
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• Phase counting mode 2
Figure 10.30 shows an example of phase counting mode 2 operation, and table 10.10
summarizes the TCNT up/down-count conditions.
TCLKA (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (Channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (Channels 2 and 4)
TCNT value
Up-count
Down-count
Time
Figure 10.30 Example of Phase Counting Mode 2 Operation
Table 10.10 Up/Down-Count Conditions in Phase Counting Mode 2
TCLKA (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (Channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (Channels 2 and 4)
Operation
High level
Don’t care
Low level
Don’t care
Low level
Don’t care
High level
Up-count
High level
Don’t care
Low level
Don’t care
High level
Don’t care
Low level
Down-count
Legend:
: Rising edge
: Falling edge
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• Phase counting mode 3
Figure 10.31 shows an example of phase counting mode 3 operation, and table 10.11
summarizes the TCNT up/down-count conditions.
TCLKA (channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (channels 2 and 4)
TCNT value
Down-count
Up-count
Time
Figure 10.31 Example of Phase Counting Mode 3 Operation
Table 10.11 Up/Down-Count Conditions in Phase Counting Mode 3
TCLKA (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (Channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (Channels 2 and 4)
High level
Operation
Don’t care
Low level
Don’t care
Low level
Don’t care
High level
Up-count
High level
Down-count
Low level
Don’t care
High level
Don’t care
Low level
Don’t care
Legend:
: Rising edge
: Falling edge
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
• Phase counting mode 4
Figure 10.32 shows an example of phase counting mode 4 operation, and table 10.12
summarizes the TCNT up/down-count conditions.
TCLKA (channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (channels 2 and 4)
TCNT value
Up-count
Down-count
Time
Figure 10.32 Example of Phase Counting Mode 4 Operation
Table 10.12 Up/Down-Count Conditions in Phase Counting Mode 4
TCLKA (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKC (Channels 2 and 4)
TCLKB (Channels 1 and 5)
TCLKD (Channels 2 and 4)
High level
Operation
Up-count
Low level
Low level
Don’t care
High level
High level
Down-count
Low level
High level
Low level
Legend:
: Rising edge
: Falling edge
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Don’t care
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Phase Counting Mode Application Example: Figure 10.33 shows an example in which phase
counting mode is designated for channel 1, and channel 1 is coupled with channel 0 to input servo
motor 2-phase encoder pulses in order to detect the position or speed.
Channel 1 is set to phase counting mode 1, and the encoder pulse A-phase and B-phase are input
to TCLKA and TCLKB.
Channel 0 operates with TCNT counter clearing by TGR0C compare match; TGR0A and TGR0C
are used for the compare match function, and are set with the speed control period and position
control period. TGR0B is used for input capture, with TGR0B and TGR0D operating in buffer
mode. The channel 1 counter input clock is designated as the TGR0B input capture source, and
detection of the pulse width of 2-phase encoder 4-multiplication pulses is performed.
TGR1A and TGR1B for channel 1 are designated for input capture, channel 0 TGR0A and
TGR0C compare matches are selected as the input capture source, and store the up/down-counter
values for the control periods.
This procedure enables accurate position/speed detection to be achieved.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Channel 1
TCLKA
TCLKB
Edge
detection
circuit
TCNT1
TGR1A
(speed period capture)
TGR1B
(position period capture)
TCNT0
+
TGR0A (speed control period)
TGR0C
(position control period)
TGR0B (pulse width capture)
TGR0D (buffer operation)
Channel 0
Figure 10.33 Phase Counting Mode Application Example
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–
+
–
Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.5
Interrupts
10.5.1
Interrupt Sources and Priorities
There are three kinds of TPU interrupt source: TGR input capture/compare match, TCNT
overflow, and TCNT underflow. Each interrupt source has its own status flag and enable/disabled
bit, allowing generation of interrupt request signals to be enabled or disabled individually.
When an interrupt request is generated, the corresponding status flag in TSR is set to 1. If the
corresponding enable/disable bit in TIER is set to 1 at this time, an interrupt is requested. The
interrupt request is cleared by clearing the status flag to 0.
Relative channel priorities can be changed by the interrupt controller, but the priority order within
a channel is fixed. For details, see section 5, Interrupt Controller.
Table 10.13 lists the TPU interrupt sources.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Table 10.13 TPU Interrupts
Channel
Interrupt Source
Description
DTC Activation
Priority
0
TGI0A
TGR0A input capture/compare match
Possible
High
TGI0B
TGR0B input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI0C
TGR0C input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI0D
TGR0D input capture/compare match
Possible
TCI0V
TCNT0 overflow
Not possible
TGI1A
TGR1A input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI1B
TGR1B input capture/compare match
Possible
TCI1V
TCNT1 overflow
Not possible
TCI1U
TCNT1 underflow
Not possible
1
2
3
4
5
TGI2A
TGR2A input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI2B
TGR2B input capture/compare match
Possible
TCI2V
TCNT2 overflow
Not possible
TCI2U
TCNT2 underflow
Not possible
TGI3A
TGR3A input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI3B
TGR3B input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI3C
TGR3C input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI3D
TGR3D input capture/compare match
Possible
TCI3V
TCNT3 overflow
Not possible
TGI4A
TGR4A input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI4B
TGR4B input capture/compare match
Possible
TCI4V
TCNT4 overflow
Not possible
TCI4U
TCNT4 underflow
Not possible
TGI5A
TGR5A input capture/compare match
Possible
TGI5B
TGR5B input capture/compare match
Possible
TCI5V
TCNT5 overflow
Not possible
TCI5U
TCNT5 underflow
Not possible
Low
Note: This table shows the initial state immediately after a reset. The relative channel priorities
can be changed by the interrupt controller.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Input Capture/Compare Match Interrupt: An interrupt is requested if the TGIE bit in TIER is
set to 1 when the TGF flag in TSR is set to 1 by the occurrence of a TGR input capture/compare
match on a particular channel. The interrupt request is cleared by clearing the TGF flag to 0. The
TPU has 16 input capture/compare match interrupts, four each for channels 0 and 3, and two each
for channels 1, 2, 4, and 5.
Overflow Interrupt: An interrupt is requested if the TCIEV bit in TIER is set to 1 when the
TCFV flag in TSR is set to 1 by the occurrence of TCNT overflow on a channel. The interrupt
request is cleared by clearing the TCFV flag to 0. The TPU has six overflow interrupts, one for
each channel.
Underflow Interrupt: An interrupt is requested if the TCIEU bit in TIER is set to 1 when the
TCFU flag in TSR is set to 1 by the occurrence of TCNT underflow on a channel. The interrupt
request is cleared by clearing the TCFU flag to 0. The TPU has four underflow interrupts, one
each for channels 1, 2, 4, and 5.
10.5.2
DTC Activation
DTC Activation: The DTC can be activated by the TGR input capture/compare match interrupt
for a channel. For details, see section 8, Data Transfer Controller (DTC).
A total of 16 TPU input capture/compare match interrupts can be used as DTC activation sources,
four each for channels 0 and 3, and two each for channels 1, 2, 4, and 5.
10.5.3
A/D Converter Activation
The A/D converter can be activated by the TGRA input capture/compare match for a channel.
If the TTGE bit in TIER is set to 1 when the TGFA flag in TSR is set to 1 by the occurrence of a
TGRA input capture/compare match on a particular channel, a request to start A/D conversion is
sent to the A/D converter. If the TPU conversion start trigger has been selected on the A/D
converter side at this time, A/D conversion is started.
In the TPU, a total of six TGRA input capture/compare match interrupts can be used as A/D
converter conversion start sources, one for each channel.
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.6
Operation Timing
10.6.1
Input/Output Timing
TCNT Count Timing: Figure 10.34 shows TCNT count timing in internal clock operation, and
figure 10.35 shows TCNT count timing in external clock operation.
φ
Internal clock
Rising edge
Falling edge
TCNT
input clock
TCNT
N–1
N
N+1
N+2
Figure 10.34 Count Timing in Internal Clock Operation
φ
External clock
Falling edge
Rising edge
Falling edge
TCNT
input clock
TCNT
N–1
N
N+1
Figure 10.35 Count Timing in External Clock Operation
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Output Compare Output Timing: A compare match signal is generated in the final state in
which TCNT and TGR match (the point at which the count value matched by TCNT is updated).
When a compare match signal is generated, the output value set in TIOR is output at the output
compare output pin. After a match between TCNT and TGR, the compare match signal is not
generated until the TCNT input clock is generated.
Figure 10.36 shows output compare output timing.
φ
TCNT
input clock
N
TCNT
N+1
N
TGR
Compare
match signal
TIOC pin
Figure 10.36 Output Compare Output Timing
Input Capture Signal Timing: Figure 10.37 shows input capture signal timing.
φ
Input capture
input
Input capture
signal
TCNT
TGR
N
N+1
N+2
N
N+2
Figure 10.37 Input Capture Input Signal Timing
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Timing for Counter Clearing by Compare Match/Input Capture: Figure 10.38 shows the
timing when counter clearing by compare match occurrence is specified, and figure 10.39 shows
the timing when counter clearing by input capture occurrence is specified.
φ
Compare
match signal
Counter
clear signal
TCNT
N
TGR
N
H'0000
Figure 10.38 Counter Clear Timing (Compare Match)
φ
Input capture
signal
Counter clear
signal
TCNT
N
H'0000
N
TGR
Figure 10.39 Counter Clear Timing (Input Capture)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Buffer Operation Timing: Figures 10.40 and 10.41 show the timing in buffer operation.
φ
n
TCNT
n+1
Compare
match signal
TGRA,
TGRB
n
TGRC,
TGRD
N
N
Figure 10.40 Buffer Operation Timing (Compare Match)
φ
Input capture
signal
TCNT
N
TGRA,
TGRB
n
TGRC,
TGRD
N+1
N
N+1
n
N
Figure 10.41 Buffer Operation Timing (Input Capture)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.6.2
Interrupt Signal Timing
TGF Flag Setting Timing in Case of Compare Match: Figure 10.42 shows the timing for
setting of the TGF flag in TSR by compare match occurrence, and TGI interrupt request signal
timing.
φ
TCNT input
clock
TCNT
N
TGR
N
N+1
Compare
match signal
TGF flag
TGI interrupt
Figure 10.42 TGI Interrupt Timing (Compare Match)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
TGF Flag Setting Timing in Case of Input Capture: Figure 10.43 shows the timing for setting
of the TGF flag in TSR by input capture occurrence, and TGI interrupt request signal timing.
φ
Input capture
signal
TCNT
TGR
N
N
TGF flag
TGI interrupt
Figure 10.43 TGI Interrupt Timing (Input Capture)
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
TCFV Flag/TCFU Flag Setting Timing: Figure 10.44 shows the timing for setting of the TCFV
flag in TSR by overflow occurrence, and TCIV interrupt request signal timing.
Figure 10.45 shows the timing for setting of the TCFU flag in TSR by underflow occurrence, and
TCIU interrupt request signal timing.
φ
TCNT input
clock
TCNT
(overflow)
H'FFFF
H'0000
Overflow
signal
TCFV flag
TCIV interrupt
Figure 10.44 TCIV Interrupt Setting Timing
φ
TCNT
input clock
TCNT
(underflow)
H'0000
H'FFFF
Underflow signal
TCFU flag
TCIU interrupt
Figure 10.45 TCIU Interrupt Setting Timing
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Status Flag Clearing Timing: After a status flag is read as 1 by the CPU, it is cleared by writing
0 to it. When the DTC is activated, the flag is cleared automatically. Figure 10.46 shows the
timing for status flag clearing by the CPU, and figure 10.47 shows the timing for status flag
clearing by the DTC.
TSR write cycle
T1
T2
φ
TSR address
Address
Write signal
Status flag
Interrupt
request
signal
Figure 10.46 Timing for Status Flag Clearing by CPU
DTC
read cycle
T1
T2
DTC
write cycle
T1
T2
φ
Address
Source address
Destination
address
Status flag
Interrupt
request
signal
Figure 10.47 Timing for Status Flag Clearing by DTC Activation
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
10.7
Usage Notes
Note that the kinds of operation and contention described below occur during TPU operation.
Input Clock Restrictions: The input clock pulse width must be at least 1.5 states in the case of
single-edge detection, and at least 2.5 states in the case of both-edge detection. The TPU will not
operate properly with a narrower pulse width.
In phase counting mode, the phase difference and overlap between the two input clocks must be at
least 1.5 states, and the pulse width must be at least 2.5 states. Figure 10.48 shows the input clock
conditions in phase counting mode.
Overlap
Phase
Phase
differdifference Overlap ence
Pulse width
Pulse width
TCLKA
(TCLKC)
TCLKB
(TCLKD)
Pulse width
Pulse width
Notes: Phase difference and overlap : 1.5 states or more
: 2.5 states or more
Pulse width
Figure 10.48 Phase Difference, Overlap, and Pulse Width in Phase Counting Mode
Caution on Period Setting: When counter clearing by compare match is set, TCNT is cleared in
the final state in which it matches the TGR value (the point at which the count value matched by
TCNT is updated). Consequently, the actual counter frequency is given by the following formula:
f=
φ
(N + 1)
Where
f : Counter frequency
φ : Operating frequency
N : TGR set value
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between TCNT Write and Clear Operations: If the counter clear signal is
generated in the T2 state of a TCNT write cycle, TCNT clearing takes precedence and the TCNT
write is not performed.
Figure 10.49 shows the timing in this case.
TCNT write cycle
T1
T2
φ
TCNT address
Address
Write signal
Counter clear
signal
TCNT
N
H'0000
Figure 10.49 Contention between TCNT Write and Clear Operations
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between TCNT Write and Increment Operations: If incrementing occurs in the T2
state of a TCNT write cycle, the TCNT write takes precedence and TCNT is not incremented.
Figure 10.50 shows the timing in this case.
TCNT write cycle
T1
T2
φ
TCNT address
Address
Write signal
TCNT input
clock
N
TCNT
M
TCNT write data
Figure 10.50 Contention between TCNT Write and Increment Operations
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between TGR Write and Compare Match: If a compare match occurs in the T2
state of a TGR write cycle, the TGR write takes precedence and the compare match signal is
inhibited. A compare match does not occur even if the same value as before is written.
Figure 10.51 shows the timing in this case.
TGR write cycle
T1
T2
φ
TGR address
Address
Write signal
Compare
match signal
Prohibited
TCNT
N
N+1
TGR
N
M
TGR write data
Figure 10.51 Contention between TGR Write and Compare Match
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between Buffer Register Write and Compare Match: If a compare match occurs in
the T2 state of a TGR write cycle, the data transferred to TGR by the buffer operation will be the
data prior to the write.
Figure 10.52 shows the timing in this case.
TGR write cycle
T1
T2
φ
Buffer register
address
Address
Write signal
Compare
match signal
Buffer register write data
Buffer
register
TGR
N
M
N
Figure 10.52 Contention between Buffer Register Write and Compare Match
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between TGR Read and Input Capture: If the input capture signal is generated in
the T1 state of a TGR read cycle, the data that is read will be the data after input capture transfer.
Figure 10.53 shows the timing in this case.
TGR read cycle
T1
T2
φ
TGR address
Address
Read signal
Input capture
signal
TGR
Internal
data bus
X
M
M
Figure 10.53 Contention between TGR Read and Input Capture
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between TGR Write and Input Capture: If the input capture signal is generated in
the T2 state of a TGR write cycle, the input capture operation takes precedence and the write to
TGR is not performed.
Figure 10.54 shows the timing in this case.
TGR write cycle
T1
T2
φ
TGR address
Address
Write signal
Input capture
signal
TCNT
M
M
TGR
Figure 10.54 Contention between TGR Write and Input Capture
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between Buffer Register Write and Input Capture: If the input capture signal is
generated in the T2 state of a buffer write cycle, the buffer operation takes precedence and the
write to the buffer register is not performed.
Figure 10.55 shows the timing in this case.
Buffer register write cycle
T1
T2
φ
Buffer register
address
Address
Write signal
Input capture
signal
TCNT
TGR
Buffer
register
N
M
N
M
Figure 10.55 Contention between Buffer Register Write and Input Capture
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between Overflow/Underflow and Counter Clearing: If overflow/underflow and
counter clearing occur simultaneously, the TCFV/TCFU flag in TSR is not set and TCNT clearing
takes precedence.
Figure 10.56 shows the operation timing when a TGR compare match is specified as the clearing
source, and H'FFFF is set in TGR.
φ
TCNT input
clock
TCNT
H'FFFF
H'0000
Counter
clear signal
TGF
Prohibited
TCFV
Figure 10.56 Contention between Overflow and Counter Clearing
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
Contention between TCNT Write and Overflow/Underflow: If there is an up-count or downcount in the T2 state of a TCNT write cycle, and overflow/underflow occurs, the TCNT write
takes precedence and the TCFV/TCFU flag in TSR is not set.
Figure 10.57 shows the operation timing when there is contention between TCNT write and
overflow.
TCNT write cycle
T1
T2
φ
TCNT address
Address
Write signal
TCNT
TCNT write data
H'FFFF
M
Prohibited
TCFV flag
Figure 10.57 Contention between TCNT Write and Overflow
Multiplexing of I/O Pins: In the H8S/2646 Group, the TCLKA input pin is multiplexed with the
TIOCC0 I/O pin, the TCLKB input pin with the TIOCD0 I/O pin, the TCLKC input pin with the
TIOCB1 I/O pin, and the TCLKD input pin with the TIOCB2 I/O pin. When an external clock is
input, compare match output should not be performed from a multiplexed pin.
Interrupts and Module Stop Mode: If module stop mode is entered when an interrupt has been
requested, it will not be possible to clear the CPU interrupt source or the DTC activation source.
Interrupts should therefore be disabled before entering module stop mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 391 of 1136
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Section 10 16-Bit Timer Pulse Unit (TPU)
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has a built-in programmable pulse generator (PPG) that provides pulse
outputs by using the 16-bit timer-pulse unit (TPU) as a time base. The PPG pulse outputs are
divided into 4-bit groups (group 3 and group 2) that can operate both simultaneously and
independently.
11.1.1
Features
PPG features are listed below.
• 8-bit output data
 Maximum 8-bit data can be output, and output can be enabled on a bit-by-bit basis
• Two output groups
 Output trigger signals can be selected in 4-bit groups to provide up to two different 4-bit
outputs
• Selectable output trigger signals
 Output trigger signals can be selected for each group from the compare match signals of
four TPU channels
• Non-overlap mode
 A non-overlap margin can be provided between pulse outputs
• Can operate together with the data transfer controller (DTC)
 The compare match signals selected as output trigger signals can activate the DTC for
sequential output of data without CPU intervention
• Settable inverted output
 Inverted data can be output for each group
• Module stop mode can be set
 As the initial setting, PPG operation is halted. Register access is enabled by exiting module
stop mode
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 393 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 11.1 shows a block diagram of the PPG.
Compare match signals
Control logic
PO15
PO14
PO13
PO12
PO11
PO10
PO9
PO8
NDERH
NDERL
PMR
PCR
Pulse output
pins, group 3
PODRH
NDRH
PODRL
NDRL
Pulse output
pins, group 2
Pulse output
pins, group 1
Pulse output
pins, group 0
Legend:
PMR
PCR
NDERH
NDERL
NDRH
NDRL
PODRH
PODRL
: PPG output mode register
: PPG output control register
: Next data enable register H
: Next data enable register L
: Next data register H
: Next data register L
: Output data register H
: Output data register L
Figure 11.1 Block Diagram of PPG
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 394 of 1136
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Internal
data bus
Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 11.1 summarizes the PPG pins.
Table 11.1 PPG Pins
Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
Pulse output 8
PO8
Output
Group 2 pulse output
Pulse output 9
PO9
Output
Pulse output 10
PO10
Output
Pulse output 11
PO11
Output
Pulse output 12
PO12
Output
Pulse output 13
PO13
Output
Pulse output 14
PO14
Output
Pulse output 15
PO15
Output
Group 3 pulse output
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 395 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.1.4
Registers
Table 11.2 summarizes the PPG registers.
Table 11.2 PPG Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
PPG output control register
PCR
R/W
H'FF
H'FE26
PPG output mode register
PMR
R/W
H'F0
H'FE27
Next data enable register H
Next data enable register L*4
NDERH
R/W
H'00
H'FE28
NDERL
R/W
H'00
H'FE29
Output data register H
PODRH
H'00
H'FE2A
Output data register L
PODRL
R/(W)*2
R/(W) *2
H'00
H'FE2B
Next data register H
NDRH
R/W
H'00
Next data register L*4
NDRL
R/W
H'00
H'FE2C*3
H'FE2E
H'FE2D*3
H'FE2F
Port 1 data direction register
P1DDR
W
H'00
H'FE30
Module stop control register A
MSTPCRA
R/W
H'3F
H'FDE8
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Bits used for pulse output cannot be written to.
3. When the same output trigger is selected for pulse output groups 2 and 3 by the PCR
setting, the NDRH address is H'FE2C. When the output triggers are different, the
NDRH address is H'FE2E for group 2 and H'FE2C for group 3.
Similarly, when the same output trigger is selected for pulse output groups 0 and 1 by
the PCR setting, the NDRL address is H'FE2D. When the output triggers are different,
the NDRL address is H'FE2F for group 0 and H'FE2D for group 1.
4. The H8S/2646 Group has no pins corresponding to pulse output groups 0 and 1.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 396 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.2
Register Descriptions
11.2.1
Next Data Enable Registers H and L (NDERH, NDERL)
NDERH
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
NDER15 NDER14 NDER13 NDER12 NDER11 NDER10 NDER9
Initial value :
R/W
0
NDER8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
:
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
NDER7
NDER6
NDER5
NDER4
NDER3
NDER2
NDER1
NDER0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
NDERL
Bit
Initial value :
R/W
:
NDERH and NDERL are 8-bit readable/writable registers that enable or disable pulse output on a
bit-by-bit basis.
If a bit is enabled for pulse output by NDERH or NDERL, the NDR value is automatically
transferred to the corresponding PODR bit when the TPU compare match event specified by PCR
occurs, updating the output value. If pulse output is disabled, the bit value is not transferred from
NDR to PODR and the output value does not change.
NDERH and NDERL are each initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. They
are not initialized in software standby mode.
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
NDERH Bits 7 to 0—Next Data Enable 15 to 8 (NDER15 to NDER8): These bits enable or
disable pulse output on a bit-by-bit basis.
Bits 7 to 0
NDER15 to NDER8
Description
0
Pulse outputs PO15 to PO8 are disabled (NDR15 to NDR8 are not
transferred to POD15 to POD8)
(Initial value)
1
Pulse outputs PO15 to PO8 are enabled (NDR15 to NDR8 are transferred
to POD15 to POD8)
NDERL Bits 7 to 0—Next Data Enable 7 to 0 (NDER7 to NDER0): These bits enable or
disable pulse output on a bit-by-bit basis.
Bits 7 to 0
NDER7 to NDER0
Description
0
Pulse outputs PO7 to PO0 are disabled (NDR7 to NDR0 are not
transferred to POD7 to POD0)
(Initial value)
1
Pulse outputs PO7 to PO0 are enabled (NDR7 to NDR0 are transferred to
POD7 to POD0)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 398 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.2.2
Output Data Registers H and L (PODRH, PODRL)
PODRH
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
POD15
POD14
POD13
POD12
POD11
POD10
POD9
POD8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
PODRL
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
POD7
POD6
POD5
POD4
POD3
POD2
POD1
POD0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
Note: * A bit that has been set for pulse output by NDER is read-only.
PODRH and PODRL are 8-bit readable/writable registers that store output data for use in pulse
output. However, the H8S/2646 Group has no pins corresponding to PODRL.
11.2.3
Next Data Registers H and L (NDRH, NDRL)
NDRH and NDRL are 8-bit readable/writable registers that store the next data for pulse output.
During pulse output, the contents of NDRH and NDRL are transferred to the corresponding bits in
PODRH and PODRL when the TPU compare match event specified by PCR occurs. The NDRH
and NDRL addresses differ depending on whether pulse output groups have the same output
trigger or different output triggers. For details see section 11.2.4, Notes on NDR Access.
NDRH and NDRL are each initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. They are
not initialized in software standby mode.
11.2.4
Notes on NDR Access
The NDRH and NDRL addresses differ depending on whether pulse output groups have the same
output trigger or different output triggers.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 399 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Same Trigger for Pulse Output Groups: If pulse output groups 2 and 3 are triggered by the
same compare match event, the NDRH address is H'FE2C. The upper 4 bits belong to group 3
and the lower 4 bits to group 2. Address H'FE2E consists entirely of reserved bits that cannot be
modified and are always read as 1.
Address H'FE2C
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
NDR15
NDR14
NDR13
NDR12
NDR11
NDR10
NDR9
NDR8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Address H'FE2E
Bit
:
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
:
If pulse output groups 0 and 1 are triggered by the same compare match event, the NDRL address
is H'FE2D. The upper 4 bits belong to group 1 and the lower 4 bits to group 0. Address H'FE2F
consists entirely of reserved bits that cannot be modified and are always read as 1. However, the
H8S/2646 Group has no output pins corresponding to pulse output groups 0 and 1.
Address H'FE2D
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
NDR7
NDR6
NDR5
NDR4
NDR3
NDR2
NDR1
NDR0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Address H'FE2F
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
:
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 400 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Different Triggers for Pulse Output Groups: If pulse output groups 2 and 3 are triggered by
different compare match events, the address of the upper 4 bits in NDRH (group 3) is H'FE2C and
the address of the lower 4 bits (group 2) is H'FE2E. Bits 3 to 0 of address H'FE2C and bits 7 to 4
of address H'FE2E are reserved bits that cannot be modified and are always read as 1.
Address H'FE2C
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
NDR15
NDR14
NDR13
NDR12
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
NDR11
NDR10
NDR9
NDR8
Address H'FE2E
Bit
:
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
If pulse output groups 0 and 1 are triggered by different compare match event, the address of the
upper 4 bits in NDRL (group 1) is H'FE2D and the address of the lower 4 bits (group 0) is
H'FE2F. Bits 3 to 0 of address H'FE2D and bits 7 to 4 of address H'FE2F are reserved bits that
cannot be modified and are always read as 1. However, the H8S/2646 Group has no output pins
corresponding to pulse output groups 0 and 1.
Address H'FE2D
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
NDR7
NDR6
NDR5
NDR4
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
NDR3
NDR2
NDR1
NDR0
Address H'FE2F
Bit
:
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 401 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.2.5
Bit
PPG Output Control Register (PCR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
G3CMS1 G3CMS0 G2CMS1 G2CMS0 G1CMS1 G1CMS0 G0CMS1 G0CMS0
Initial value :
R/W
:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects output trigger signals for PPG outputs on a
group-by-group basis.
PCR is initialized to H'FF by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Group 3 Compare Match Select 1 and 0 (G3CMS1, G3CMS0): These bits
select the compare match that triggers pulse output group 3 (pins PO15 to PO12).
Description
Bit 7
G3CMS1
Bit 6
G3CMS0
0
0
Compare match in TPU channel 0
1
Compare match in TPU channel 1
1
Output Trigger for Pulse Output Group 3
0
Compare match in TPU channel 2
1
Compare match in TPU channel 3
(Initial value)
Bits 5 and 4—Group 2 Compare Match Select 1 and 0 (G2CMS1, G2CMS0): These bits
select the compare match that triggers pulse output group 2 (pins PO11 to PO8).
Description
Bit 5
G2CMS1
Bit 4
G2CMS0
0
0
Compare match in TPU channel 0
1
Compare match in TPU channel 1
1
Output Trigger for Pulse Output Group 2
0
Compare match in TPU channel 2
1
Compare match in TPU channel 3
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 402 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Bits 3 and 2—Group 1 Compare Match Select 1 and 0 (G1CMS1, G1CMS0): These bits
select the compare match that triggers pulse output group 1 (pins PO7 to PO4). However, the
H8S/2646 Group has no output pins corresponding to pulse output group 1.
Description
Bit 3
G1CMS1
Bit 2
G1CMS0
0
0
Compare match in TPU channel 0
1
Compare match in TPU channel 1
0
Compare match in TPU channel 2
1
Compare match in TPU channel 3
1
Output Trigger for Pulse Output Group 1
(Initial value)
Bits 1 and 0—Group 0 Compare Match Select 1 and 0 (G0CMS1, G0CMS0): These bits
select the compare match that triggers pulse output group 0 (pins PO3 to PO0). However, the
H8S/2646 Group has no output pins corresponding to pulse output group 0.
Description
Bit 1
G0CMS1
Bit 0
G0CMS0
0
0
Compare match in TPU channel 0
1
Compare match in TPU channel 1
0
Compare match in TPU channel 2
1
Compare match in TPU channel 3
1
Output Trigger for Pulse Output Group 0
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 403 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.2.6
Bit
PPG Output Mode Register (PMR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
G3INV
G2INV
G1INV
G0INV
G3NOV
G2NOV
G1NOV
G0NOV
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PMR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects pulse output inversion and non-overlapping
operation for each group.
The output trigger period of a non-overlapping operation PPG output waveform is set in TGRB
and the non-overlap margin is set in TGRA. The output values change at compare match A and B.
For details, see section 11.3.4, Non-Overlapping Pulse Output.
PMR is initialized to H'F0 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 7—Group 3 Inversion (G3INV): Selects direct output or inverted output for pulse output
group 3 (pins PO15 to PO12).
Bit 7
G3INV
Description
0
Inverted output for pulse output group 3 (low-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRH)
1
Direct output for pulse output group 3 (high-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRH)
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Group 2 Inversion (G2INV): Selects direct output or inverted output for pulse output
group 2 (pins PO11 to PO8).
Bit 6
G2INV
Description
0
Inverted output for pulse output group 2 (low-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRH)
1
Direct output for pulse output group 2 (high-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRH)
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 404 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Bit 5—Group 1 Inversion (G1INV): Selects direct output or inverted output for pulse output
group 1 (pins PO7 to PO4). However, the H8S/2646 Group has no pins corresponding to pulse
output group 1.
Bit 5
G1INV
Description
0
Inverted output for pulse output group 1 (low-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRL)
1
Direct output for pulse output group 1 (high-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRL)
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Group 0 Inversion (G0INV): Selects direct output or inverted output for pulse output
group 0 (pins PO3 to PO0). However, the H8S/2646 Group has no pins corresponding to pulse
output group 0.
Bit 4
G0INV
Description
0
Inverted output for pulse output group 0 (low-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRL)
1
Direct output for pulse output group 0 (high-level output at pin for a 1 in PODRL)
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Group 3 Non-Overlap (G3NOV): Selects normal or non-overlapping operation for pulse
output group 3 (pins PO15 to PO12).
Bit 3
G3NOV
Description
0
Normal operation in pulse output group 3 (output values updated at compare match A
in the selected TPU channel)
(Initial value)
1
Non-overlapping operation in pulse output group 3 (independent 1 and 0 output at
compare match A or B in the selected TPU channel)
Bit 2—Group 2 Non-Overlap (G2NOV): Selects normal or non-overlapping operation for pulse
output group 2 (pins PO11 to PO8).
Bit 2
G2NOV
Description
0
Normal operation in pulse output group 2 (output values updated at compare match A
in the selected TPU channel)
(Initial value)
1
Non-overlapping operation in pulse output group 2 (independent 1 and 0 output at
compare match A or B in the selected TPU channel)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 405 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Bit 1—Group 1 Non-Overlap (G1NOV): Selects normal or non-overlapping operation for pulse
output group 1 (pins PO7 to PO4). However, the H8S/2646 Group has no pins corresponding to
pulse output group 1.
Bit 1
G1NOV
Description
0
Normal operation in pulse output group 1 (output values updated at compare match A
in the selected TPU channel)
(Initial value)
1
Non-overlapping operation in pulse output group 1 (independent 1 and 0 output at
compare match A or B in the selected TPU channel)
Bit 0—Group 0 Non-Overlap (G0NOV): Selects normal or non-overlapping operation for pulse
output group 0 (pins PO3 to PO0). However, the H8S/2646 Group has no pins corresponding to
pulse output group 0.
Bit 0
G0NOV
Description
0
Normal operation in pulse output group 0 (output values updated at compare match A
in the selected TPU channel)
(Initial value)
1
Non-overlapping operation in pulse output group 0 (independent 1 and 0 output at
compare match A or B in the selected TPU channel)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 406 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.2.7
Bit
Port 1 Data Direction Register (P1DDR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P17DDR P16DDR P15DDR P14DDR P13DDR P12DDR P11DDR P10DDR
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
:
P1DDR is an 8-bit write-only register, the individual bits of which specify input or output for the
pins of port 1.
Port 1 is multiplexed with pins PO15 to PO8. Bits corresponding to pins used for PPG output must
be set to 1. For further information about P1DDR, see section 9.2, Port 1.
11.2.8
Bit
Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPA7 MSTPA6 MSTPA5 MSTPA4 MSTPA3 MSTPA2 MSTPA1 MSTPA0
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MSTPCRA is a 16-bit readable/writable register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPA3 bit in MSTPCRA is set to 1, PPG operation stops at the end of the bus cycle
and a transition is made to module stop mode. Registers cannot be read or written to in module
stop mode. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRA is initialized to H'3F by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized by a
manual reset and in software standby mode.
Bit 3—Module Stop (MSTPA3): Specifies the PPG module stop mode.
Bit 3
MSTPA3
Description
0
PPG module stop mode cleared
1
PPG module stop mode set
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 407 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.3
Operation
11.3.1
Overview
PPG pulse output is enabled when the corresponding bits in P1DDR and NDER are set to 1. In
this state the corresponding PODR contents are output.
When the compare match event specified by PCR occurs, the corresponding NDR bit contents are
transferred to PODR to update the output values.
Figure 11.2 illustrates the PPG output operation and table 11.3 summarizes the PPG operating
conditions.
DDR
NDER
Q
Output trigger signal
C
Q PODR D
Q NDR D
Internal data bus
Pulse output pin
Normal output/inverted output
Figure 11.2 PPG Output Operation
Table 11.3 PPG Operating Conditions
NDER
DDR
Pin Function
0
0
Generic input port
1
Generic output port
0
Generic input port (but the PODR bit is a read-only bit, and when
compare match occurs, the NDR bit value is transferred to the PODR bit)
1
PPG pulse output
1
Sequential output of data of up to 16 bits is possible by writing new output data to NDR before
the next compare match. For details of non-overlapping operation, see section 11.3.4, NonOverlapping Pulse Output.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 408 of 1136
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.3.2
Output Timing
If pulse output is enabled, NDR contents are transferred to PODR and output when the specified
compare match event occurs. Figure 11.3 shows the timing of these operations for the case of
normal output in groups 2 and 3, triggered by compare match A.
φ
N
TCNT
TGRA
N+1
N
Compare match
A signal
n
NDRH
PODRH
PO8 to PO15
m
n
m
n
Figure 11.3 Timing of Transfer and Output of NDR Contents (Example)
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.3.3
Normal Pulse Output
Sample Setup Procedure for Normal Pulse Output: Figure 11.4 shows a sample procedure for
setting up normal pulse output.
Normal PPG output
Select TGR functions
[1]
Set TGRA value
[2]
Set counting operation
[3]
Select interrupt request
[4]
Set initial output data
[5]
Enable pulse output
[6]
Select output trigger
[7]
[1] Set TIOR to make TGRA an output
compare register (with output
disabled)
[2] Set the PPG output trigger period
TPU setup
Port and
PPG setup
TPU setup
Set next pulse
output data
[8]
Start counter
[9]
Compare match?
No
[3] Select the counter clock source
with bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR.
Select the counter clear source
with bits CCLR1 and CCLR0.
[4] Enable the TGIA interrupt in TIER.
The DTC can also be set up to
transfer data to NDR.
[5] Set the initial output values in
PODR.
[6] Set the DDR and NDER bits for the
pins to be used for pulse output to 1.
[7] Select the TPU compare match
event to be used as the output
trigger in PCR.
[8] Set the next pulse output values in
NDR.
Yes
Set next pulse
output data
[10]
[9] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1 to
start the TCNT counter.
[10] At each TGIA interrupt, set the next
output values in NDR.
Figure 11.4 Setup Procedure for Normal Pulse Output (Example)
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Example of Normal Pulse Output (Example of Five-Phase Pulse Output): Figure 11.5 shows
an example in which pulse output is used for cyclic five-phase pulse output.
TCNT value
Compare match
TCNT
TGRA
H'0000
Time
80
NDRH
PODRH
00
C0
80
40
C0
60
40
20
60
30
20
10
30
18
10
08
18
88
08
80
88
C0
80
40
C0
PO15
PO14
PO13
PO12
PO11
Figure 11.5 Normal Pulse Output Example (Five-Phase Pulse Output)
[1] Set up the TPU channel to be used as the output trigger channel so that TGRA is an output
compare register and the counter will be cleared by compare match A. Set the trigger period in
TGRA and set the TGIEA bit in TIER to 1 to enable the compare match A (TGIA) interrupt.
[2] Write H'F8 in P1DDR and NDERH, and set the G3CMS1, G3CMS0, G2CMS1, and G2CMS0
bits in PCR to select compare match in the TPU channel set up in the previous step to be the
output trigger. Write output data H'80 in NDRH.
[3] The timer counter in the TPU channel starts. When compare match A occurs, the NDRH
contents are transferred to PODRH and output. The TGIA interrupt handling routine writes the
next output data (H'C0) in NDRH.
[4] Five-phase overlapping pulse output (one or two phases active at a time) can be obtained
subsequently by writing H'40, H'60, H'20, H'30. H'10, H'18, H'08, H'88... at successive TGIA
interrupts. If the DTC is set for activation by this interrupt, pulse output can be obtained
without imposing a load on the CPU.
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.3.4
Non-Overlapping Pulse Output
Sample Setup Procedure for Non-Overlapping Pulse Output: Figure 11.6 shows a sample
procedure for setting up non-overlapping pulse output.
[1] Set TIOR to make TGRA and
TGRB an output compare registers
(with output disabled)
Non-overlapping
PPG output
Select TGR functions
[1]
Set TGR values
[2]
Set counting operation
[3]
Select interrupt request
[4]
Set initial output data
[5]
Enable pulse output
[6]
Select output trigger
[7]
Set non-overlapping groups
[8]
Set next pulse
output data
[9]
Start counter
[10]
TPU setup
PPG setup
TPU setup
Compare match?
No
[3] Select the counter clock source
with bits TPSC2 to TPSC0 in TCR.
Select the counter clear source
with bits CCLR1 and CCLR0.
[4] Enable the TGIA interrupt in TIER.
The DTC can also be set up to
transfer data to NDR.
[5] Set the initial output values in
PODR.
[6] Set the DDR and NDER bits for the
pins to be used for pulse output to
1.
[7] Select the TPU compare match
event to be used as the pulse
output trigger in PCR.
[8] In PMR, select the groups that will
operate in non-overlap mode.
Yes
Set next pulse
output data
[2] Set the pulse output trigger period
in TGRB and the non-overlap
margin in TGRA.
[11]
[9] Set the next pulse output values in
NDR.
[10] Set the CST bit in TSTR to 1 to
start the TCNT counter.
[11] At each TGIA interrupt, set the next
output values in NDR.
Figure 11.6 Setup Procedure for Non-Overlapping Pulse Output (Example)
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Example of Non-Overlapping Pulse Output (Example of Four-Phase Complementary NonOverlapping Output): Figure 11.7 shows an example in which pulse output is used for fourphase complementary non-overlapping pulse output.
TCNT value
TGRB
TCNT
TGRA
H'0000
NDRH
PODRH
Time
95
00
65
95
59
05
65
56
41
59
95
50
56
65
14
95
05
65
Non-overlap margin
PO15
PO14
PO13
PO12
PO11
PO10
PO9
PO8
Figure 11.7 Non-Overlapping Pulse Output Example (Four-Phase Complementary)
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
[1] Set up the TPU channel to be used as the output trigger channel so that TGRA and TGRB are
output compare registers. Set the trigger period in TGRB and the non-overlap margin in
TGRA, and set the counter to be cleared by compare match B. Set the TGIEA bit in TIER to 1
to enable the TGIA interrupt.
[2] Write H'FF in P1DDR and NDERH, and set the G3CMS1, G3CMS0, G2CMS1, and G2CMS0
bits in PCR to select compare match in the TPU channel set up in the previous step to be the
output trigger. Set the G3NOV and G2NOV bits in PMR to 1 to select non-overlapping output.
Write output data H'95 in NDRH.
[3] The timer counter in the TPU channel starts. When a compare match with TGRB occurs,
outputs change from 1 to 0. When a compare match with TGRA occurs, outputs change from 0
to 1 (the change from 0 to 1 is delayed by the value set in TGRA). The TGIA interrupt
handling routine writes the next output data (H'65) in NDRH.
[4] Four-phase complementary non-overlapping pulse output can be obtained subsequently by
writing H'59, H'56, H'95... at successive TGIA interrupts. If the DTC is set for activation by
this interrupt, pulse output can be obtained without imposing a load on the CPU.
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.3.5
Inverted Pulse Output
If the G3INV, G2INV, G1INV, and G0INV bits in PMR are cleared to 0, values that are the
inverse of the PODR contents can be output.
Figure 11.8 shows the outputs when G3INV and G2INV are cleared to 0, in addition to the
settings of figure 11.7.
TCNT value
TGRB
TCNT
TGRA
H'0000
NDRH
PODRL
Time
95
00
65
95
59
05
65
56
41
59
95
50
56
65
14
95
05
65
PO15
PO14
PO13
PO12
PO11
PO10
PO9
PO8
Figure 11.8 Inverted Pulse Output (Example)
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.3.6
Pulse Output Triggered by Input Capture
Pulse output can be triggered by TPU input capture as well as by compare match. If TGRA
functions as an input capture register in the TPU channel selected by PCR, pulse output will be
triggered by the input capture signal.
Figure 11.9 shows the timing of this output.
φ
TIOC pin
Input capture
signal
NDR
N
PODR
M
PO
M
N
N
Figure 11.9 Pulse Output Triggered by Input Capture (Example)
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
11.4
Usage Notes
Operation of Pulse Output Pins: Pins PO8 to PO15 are also used for other peripheral functions
such as the TPU. When output by another peripheral function is enabled, the corresponding pins
cannot be used for pulse output. Note, however, that data transfer from NDR bits to PODR bits
takes place, regardless of the usage of the pins.
Pin functions should be changed only under conditions in which the output trigger event will not
occur.
Note on Non-Overlapping Output: During non-overlapping operation, the transfer of NDR bit
values to PODR bits takes place as follows.
• NDR bits are always transferred to PODR bits at compare match A.
• At compare match B, NDR bits are transferred only if their value is 0. Bits are not transferred
if their value is 1.
Figure 11.10 illustrates the non-overlapping pulse output operation.
DDR
NDER
Q
Compare match A
Compare match B
Pulse
output
pin
C
Q PODR D
Q NDR D
Internal data bus
Normal output/inverted output
Figure 11.10 Non-Overlapping Pulse Output
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Section 11 Programmable Pulse Generator (PPG)
Therefore, 0 data can be transferred ahead of 1 data by making compare match B occur before
compare match A. The NDR contents should not be altered during the interval from compare
match B to compare match A (the non-overlap margin).
This can be accomplished by having the TGIA interrupt handling routine write the next data in
NDR, or by having the TGIA interrupt activate the DTC. Note, however, that the next data must
be written before the next compare match B occurs.
Figure 11.11 shows the timing of this operation.
Compare match A
Compare match B
Write to NDR
Write to NDR
NDR
PODR
0 output
0/1 output
Write to NDR
Do not write here
to NDR here
0 output 0/1 output
Do not write
to NDR here
Write to NDR
here
Figure 11.11 Non-Overlapping Operation and NDR Write Timing
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has an on-chip watchdog timer with two channels (WDT0, WDT1). The
WDT can also generate an internal reset signal for the H8S/2646 Group if a system crash prevents
the CPU from writing to the timer counter, allowing it to overflow.
When this watchdog function is not needed, the WDT can be used as an interval timer. In interval
timer operation, an interval timer interrupt is generated each time the counter overflows.
12.1.1
Features
WDT features are listed below.
• Switchable between watchdog timer mode and interval timer mode
• An internal reset can be issued if the timer counter overflows.
In the watchdog timer mode, the WDT can generate an internal reset.
• Interrupt generation when in interval timer mode
If the counter overflows, the WDT generates an interval timer interrupt.
• WDT0 and WDT1 respectively allow eight and sixteen types of counter input clock to be
selected
The maximum interval of the WDT is given as a system clock cycle × 131072 × 256.
A subclock may be selected for the input counter of WDT1.
Where a subclock is selected, the maximum interval is given as a subclock cycle × 256 × 256.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.1.2
Block Diagram
Figures 12.1 (a) and 12.1 (b) show a block diagram of the WDT.
Overflow
Internal reset signal*
Clock
Clock
select
Reset
control
RSTCSR
Internal clock
sources
TCNT
TSCR
Module bus
WDT
Legend
: Timer control/status register
TCSR
: Timer counter
TCNT
RSTCSR : Reset control/status register
Note: * The type of internal reset signal depends on a register setting.
Figure 12.1 (a) Block Diagram of WDT0
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 420 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
φ/2
φ/64
φ/128
φ/512
φ/2048
φ/8192
φ/32768
φ/131072
Bus
interface
Internal bus
WOVI0
(interrupt request
signal)
Interrupt
control
Section 12 Watchdog Timer
Internal NMI
Interrupt request signal
Interrupt
control
Overflow
Clock
Clock
select
Reset
control
Internal reset signal*
TCNT
φ/2
φ/64
φ/128
φ/512
φ/2048
φ/8192
φ/32768
φ/131072
Internal clock
TCSR
Bus
interface
Module bus
φSUB/2
φSUB/4
φSUB/8
φSUB/16
φSUB/32
φSUB/64
φSUB/128
φSUB/256
Internal bus
WOVI1
(Interrupt request signal)
WDT
Legend:
TCSR : Timer control/status register
TCNT : Timer counter
Note: * An internal reset signal can be generated by setting the register.
Figure 12.1 (b) Block Diagram of WDT1
12.1.3
Pin Configuration
There are no pins related to the WDT.
12.1.4
Register Configuration
The WDT has five registers, as summarized in table 12.1. These registers control clock selection,
WDT mode switching, and the reset signal.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
Table 12.1 WDT Registers
Address*1
Channel Name
0
1
Initial Value Write*2 Read
Abbreviation R/W
Timer control/status register 0 TCSR0
R/(W)*3
Timer counter 0
TCNT0
R/W
Reset control/status register
RSTCSR0
H'18
H'FF74 H'FF74
H'FF74 H'FF75
H'FF76 H'FF77
Timer control/status register 1 TCSR1
H'00
3
*
R/(W)
H'1F
3
*
R/(W)
H'00
Timer counter 1
R/W
H'FFA2 H'FFA3
TCNT1
H'FFA2 H'FFA2
H'00
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. For details of write operations, see section 12.2.4, Notes on Register Access.
3. Only a write of 0 is permitted to bit 7, to clear the flag.
12.2
Register Descriptions
12.2.1
Timer Counter (TCNT)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
TCNT is an 8-bit readable/writable* up-counter.
When the TME bit is set to 1 in TCSR, TCNT starts counting pulses generated from the internal
clock source selected by bits CKS2 to CKS0 in TCSR. When the count overflows (changes from
H'FF to H'00), an internal reset, a NMI interrupt (only WDT1), or an interval timer interrupt
(WOVI) is generated, depending on the mode selected by the WT/IT bit in TCSR.
TCNT is initialized to H'00 by a reset, in hardware standby mode, or when the TME bit is cleared
to 0. It is not initialized in software standby mode.
Note: * TCNT is write-protected by a password to prevent accidental overwriting. For details see
section 12.2.4, Notes on Register Access.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.2.2
Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR)
TCSR0
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OVF
WT/IT
TME
—
—
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Only a 0 may be written to this bit to clear the flag.
TCSR1
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OVF
WT/IT
TME
PSS
RST/NMI
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Only a 0 may be written to this bit to clear the flag.
TCSR is an 8-bit readable/writable* register. Its functions include selecting the clock source to be
input to TCNT, and the timer mode.
TCSR0 (TCSR1) is initialized to H'18 (H'00) by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not
initialized in software standby mode.
Note: * TCSR is write-protected by a password to prevent accidental overwriting. For details see
section 12.2.4, Notes on Register Access.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
Bit 7—Overflow Flag (OVF): Indicates that TCNT has overflowed from H'FF to H'00.
Bit 7
OVF
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
Cleared when 0 is written to the TME bit (Only applies to WDT1)
•
Cleared by reading TCSR when OVF = 1, then writing 0 to OVF
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When TCNT overflows (changes from H'FF to H'00)
When internal reset request generation is selected in watchdog timer mode, OVF is
cleared automatically by the internal reset.
In interval timer mode, the OVF flag can be cleared in the interval timer interrupt service routine
by reading TCSR while OVF = 1, then writing 0 to OVF, in accordance with the OVF flag
clearing conditions.
However, if conflict occurs between the OVF flag setting timing and OVF flag read timing when
interval timer interrupts are disabled and the OVF flag is polled, it has been found that in some
cases the read of OVF = 1 is not recognized.
In this case, the OVF flag clearing conditions can be reliably met by reading the OVF = 1 state
two or more times. In the above example, therefore, the OVF = 1 state should be read at least
twice before clearing the OVF flag.
Bit 6—Timer Mode Select (WT/IT
IT):
IT Selects whether the WDT is used as a watchdog timer or
interval timer. When TCNT overflows, WDT0 issues an internal reset if bit RSTE of the reset
control/status register (RSTCSR) is set to 1. In the interval timer mode, WDT0 sends a WOVI
interrupt request to the CPU. WDT1, on the other hand, requests a reset or an NMI interrupt from
the CPU if the watchdog timer mode is chosen, whereas it requests a WOVI interrupt from the
CPU if the interval timer mode is chosen.
• WDT0 Mode Select
TCSR0
WT/IT
IT
Description
0
Interval timer mode: WDT0 requests an interval timer interrupt (WOVI)
from the CPU when the TCNT overflows.
1
Watchdog timer mode: A reset is issued when the TCNT overflows if the RSTE bit of
RSTCSR is set to 1.*
Note: * For details see section 12.2.3, Reset Control/Status Register (RSTCSR).
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 424 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 12 Watchdog Timer
• WDT1 Mode Select
TCSR1
WT/IT
IT
0
1
Description
Interval timer mode: WDT1 requests an interval timer interrupt (WOVI)
from the CPU when the TCNT overflows.
(Initial value)
Watchdog timer mode: WDT1 requests a reset or an NMI interrupt from
the CPU when the TCNT overflows.
Bit 5—Timer Enable (TME): Selects whether TCNT runs or is halted.
Bit 5
TME
Description
0
TCNT is initialized to H'00 and halted
1
TCNT counts
(Initial value)
WDT0 TCSR Bit 4—Reserved Bit: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
WDT1 TCSR Bit 4—Prescaler Select (PSS): This bit is used to select an input clock source for
the TCNT of WDT1.
See the descriptions of Clock Select 2 to 0 for details.
Bit 4
PSS
0
1
Description
The TCNT counts frequency-division clock pulses of the φ based
prescaler (PSM).
(Initial value)
The TCNT counts frequency-division clock pulses of the φ SUB-based prescaler
(PSS).
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
WDT0 TCSR Bit 3—Reserved Bit: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
WDT1 TCSR Bit 3—Reset or NMI (RST/NMI
NMI):
NMI This bit is used to choose between an internal
reset request and an NMI request when the TCNT overflows during the watchdog timer mode.
Bit 3
RTS/NMI
NMI
Description
0
NMI request.
1
Internal reset request.
(Initial value)
Bits 2 to 0—Clock Select 2 to 0 (CKS2 to CKS0): These bits select one of eight internal clock
sources, obtained by dividing the system clock (φ) or subclock (φ SUB), for input to TCNT.
• WDT0 Input Clock Select
Bit 2
CKS2
Bit 1
CKS1
0
0
1
1
0
1
Bit 0
CKS0
Description
Clock
Overflow Period* (where φ = 20 MHz)
0
φ/2 (initial value)
25.6 µs
1
φ/64
819.2 µs
0
φ/128
1.6 ms
1
φ/512
6.6 ms
0
φ/2048
26.2 ms
1
φ/8192
104.9 ms
0
φ/32768
419.4 ms
1
φ/131072
1.68 s
Note: * An overflow period is the time interval between the start of counting up from H'00 on the
TCNT and the occurrence of a TCNT overflow.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
• WDT1 Input Clock Select
Description
Bit 4
PSS
Bit 2
CKS2
Bit 1
CKS1
Bit 0
CKS0
Clock
Overflow Period* (where φ = 20 MHz)
(where φ SUB = 32.768 kHz)
0
0
0
0
φ/2 (initial value)
25.6 µs
1
φ/64
819.2 µs
0
φ/128
1.6 ms
1
φ/512
6.6 ms
0
φ/2048
26.2 ms
1
φ/8192
104.9 ms
0
φ/32768
419.4 ms
1
φ/131072
1.68 s
0
φSUB/2
15.6 ms
1
φSUB/4
31.3 ms
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
φSUB/8
62.5 ms
1
φSUB/16
125 ms
0
φSUB/32
250 ms
1
φSUB/64
500 ms
0
φSUB/128
1s
1
φSUB/256
2s
Note: * An overflow period is the time interval between the start of counting up from H'00 on the
TCNT and the occurrence of a TCNT overflow.
12.2.3
Bit
Reset Control/Status Register (RSTCSR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WOVF
RSTE
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
Note: * Can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
RSTCSR is an 8-bit readable/writable* register that controls the generation of the internal reset
signal when TCNT overflows, and selects the type of internal reset signal.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 427 of 1136
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
RSTCSR is initialized to H'1F by a reset signal from the RES pin, but not by the WDT internal
reset signal caused by overflows.
Note: * RSTCSR is write-protected by a password to prevent accidental overwriting. For details
see section 12.2.4, Notes on Register Access.
Bit 7—Watchdog Overflow Flag (WOVF): Indicates that TCNT has overflowed (changed from
H'FF to H'00) during watchdog timer operation. This bit is not set in interval timer mode.
Bit 7
WOVF
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
(Initial value)
Cleared by reading TCSR when WOVF = 1, then writing 0 to WOVF
1
[Setting condition]
Set when TCNT overflows (changed from H'FF to H'00) during watchdog timer
operation
Bit 6—Reset Enable (RSTE): Specifies whether or not a reset signal is generated in the
H8S/2646 Group if TCNT overflows during watchdog timer operation.
Bit 6
RSTE
Description
0
Reset signal is not generated if TCNT overflows*
1
Reset signal is generated if TCNT overflows
(Initial value)
Note: * The modules within the H8S/2646 Group are not reset, but TCNT and TCSR within the
WDT are reset.
Bit 5—Reserved: Always read as 0. Can only be written with 0.
Bits 4 to 0—Reserved: Always read as 1. Not writable.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.2.4
Notes on Register Access
The watchdog timer’s TCNT, TCSR, and RSTCSR registers differ from other registers in being
more difficult to write to. The procedures for writing to and reading these registers are given
below.
Writing to TCNT and TCSR: These registers must be written to by a word transfer instruction.
They cannot be written to with byte instructions.
Figure 12.2 shows the format of data written to TCNT and TCSR. TCNT and TCSR both have the
same write address. For a write to TCNT, the upper byte of the written word must contain H'5A
and the lower byte must contain the write data. For a write to TCSR, the upper byte of the written
word must contain H'A5 and the lower byte must contain the write data. This transfers the write
data from the lower byte to TCNT or TCSR.
TCNT write
15
8 7
H'5A
Address: H'FF74
0
Write data
TCSR write
15
Address: H'FF74
8 7
H'A5
0
Write data
Figure 12.2 Format of Data Written to TCNT and TCSR (WDT0)
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
Writing to RSTCSR: RSTCSR must be written to by word transfer instruction to address
H'FF76. It cannot be written to with byte instructions.
Figure 12.3 shows the format of data written to RSTCSR. The method of writing 0 to the WOVF
bit differs from that for writing to the RSTE bits.
To write 0 to the WOVF bit, the write data must have H'A5 in the upper byte and H'00 in the
lower byte. This clears the WOVF bit to 0, but has no effect on the RSTE bits. To write to the
RSTE bit, the upper byte must contain H'5A and the lower byte must contain the write data. This
writes the values in bit 6 of the lower byte into the RSTE bit, but has no effect on the WOVF bit.
Writing 0 to WOVF bit
15
8 7
H'A5
Address: H'FF76
0
H'00
Writing to RSTE bit
15
Address: H'FF76
8 7
H'5A
0
Write data
Figure 12.3 Format of Data Written to RSTCSR (WDT0)
Reading TCNT, TCSR, and RSTCSR: These registers are read in the same way as other
registers. The read addresses are H'FF74 for TCSR, H'FF75 for TCNT, and H'FF77 for RSTCSR.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.3
Operation
12.3.1
Watchdog Timer Operation
To use the WDT as a watchdog timer, set the WT/IT bit in TCSR and the TME bit to 1. Software
must prevent TCNT overflows by rewriting the TCNT value (normally by writing H'00) before
overflow occurs. This ensures that TCNT does not overflow while the system is operating
normally. If TCNT overflows without being rewritten because of a system malfunction or other
error, an internal reset is issued, in the case of WDT0, if the RSTE bit in RSTCSR is set to 1. This
is illustrated in figure 12.4 (a).
The internal reset signal is output for 518 states.
If a reset caused by a signal input to the RES pin occurs at the same time as a reset caused by a
WDT overflow, the RES pin reset has priority and the WOVF bit in RSTCSR is cleared to 0.
In the case of WDT1, the chip is reset, or an NMI interrupt request is generated, for 516 system
clock periods (516φ) (515 or 516 clock periods when the clock source is φSUB (PSS = 1)). This is
illustrated in figure 12.4 (b).
An NMI request from the watchdog timer and an interrupt request from the NMI pin are both
treated as having the same vector. So, avoid handling an NMI request from the watchdog timer
and an interrupt request from the NMI pin at the same time.
TCNT value
Overflow
H'FF
Time
H'00
WT/IT=1
TME=1
Write H'00'
to TCNT
WOVF=1
WT/IT=1
TME=1
Write H'00'
to TCNT
internal reset is
generated
Internal reset signal*
518 states
Legend:
WT/IT : Timer mode select bit
TME : Timer enable bit
Note: * The internal reset signal is generated only if the RSTE bit is set to 1.
Figure 12.4 (a) WDT0 Watchdog Timer Operation
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
TCNT value
Overflow
H'FF
Time
H'00
WT/IT= 1
TME= 1
Write H'00'
to TCNT
WOVF= 1*
WT/IT= 1 Write H'00'
TME= 1 to TCNT
internal reset
is generated
Internal
reset signal
515/516 states
Legend:
WT/IT : Timer mode select bit
TME : Timer enable bit
Note: * The WOVF bit is set to 1 and then cleared to 0 by an internal reset.
Figure 12.4 (b) WDT1 Watchdog Timer Operation
12.3.2
Interval Timer Operation
To use the WDT as an interval timer, clear the WT/IT bit in TCSR to 0 and set the TME bit to 1.
An interval timer interrupt (WOVI) is generated each time TCNT overflows, provided that the
WDT is operating as an interval timer, as shown in figure 12.5. This function can be used to
generate interrupt requests at regular intervals.
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
TCNT value
Overflow
H'FF
Overflow
Overflow
Overflow
Time
H'00
WT/IT=0
TME=1
WOVI
WOVI
WOVI
WOVI
Legend:
WOVI: Interval timer interrupt request generation
Figure 12.5 Interval Timer Operation
12.3.3
Timing of Setting Overflow Flag (OVF)
The OVF flag is set to 1 if TCNT overflows during interval timer operation. At the same time, an
interval timer interrupt (WOVI) is requested. This timing is shown in figure 12.6.
With WDT1, the OVF bit of the TCSR is set to 1 and a simultaneous NMI interrupt is requested
when the TCNT overflows if the NMI request has been chosen in the watchdog timer mode.
φ
TCNT
H'FF
H'00
Overflow signal
(internal signal)
OVF
Figure 12.6 Timing of Setting of OVF
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.3.4
Timing of Setting of Watchdog Timer Overflow Flag (WOVF)
In the WDT0, the WOVF flag is set to 1 if TCNT overflows during watchdog timer operation. If
TCNT overflows while the RSTE bit in RSTCSR is set to 1, an internal reset signal is generated
for the entire H8S/2646 Group chip. Figure 12.7 shows the timing in this case.
φ
TCNT
H'FF
H'00
Overflow signal
(internal signal)
WOVF
Internal reset
signal
518 states (WDT0)
515/516 states (WDT1)
Figure 12.7 Timing of Setting of WOVF
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.4
Interrupts
During interval timer mode operation, an overflow generates an interval timer interrupt (WOVI).
The interval timer interrupt is requested whenever the OVF flag is set to 1 in TCSR. OVF must be
cleared to 0 in the interrupt handling routine.
If an NMI request has been chosen in the watchdog timer mode, an NMI request is generated
when a TCNT overflow occurs.
12.5
Usage Notes
12.5.1
Contention between Timer Counter (TCNT) Write and Increment
If a timer counter clock pulse is generated during the T2 state of a TCNT write cycle, the write
takes priority and the timer counter is not incremented. Figure 12.8 shows this operation.
TCNT write cycle
T1
T2
φ
Address
Internal write signal
TCNT input clock
TCNT
N
M
Counter write data
Figure 12.8 Contention between TCNT Write and Increment
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Section 12 Watchdog Timer
12.5.2
Changing Value of PSS and CKS2 to CKS0
If bits PSS and CKS2 to CKS0 in TCSR are written to while the WDT is operating, errors could
occur in the incrementation. Software must stop the watchdog timer (by clearing the TME bit to 0)
before changing the value of bits PSS and CKS2 to CKS0.
12.5.3
Switching between Watchdog Timer Mode and Interval Timer Mode
If the mode is switched from watchdog timer to interval timer, or vice versa, while the WDT is
operating, errors could occur in the incrementation. Software must stop the watchdog timer (by
clearing the TME bit to 0) before switching the mode.
12.5.4
Internal Reset in Watchdog Timer Mode
In watchdog timer mode, the H8S/2646 Group will not be reset internally if TCNT overflows
while the RSTE bit is cleared to 0. When this module is used as a watchdog timer, the RSTE bit
must be set to 1 beforehand.
12.5.5
OVF Flag Clearing in Interval Timer Mode
When the OVF flag setting conflicts with the OVF flag reading in interval timer mode, writing 0
to the OVF bit may not clear the flag even though the OVF bit has been read while it is 1. If there
is a possibility that the OVF flag setting and reading will conflict, such as when the OVF flag is
polled with the interval timer interrupt disabled, read the OVF bit while it is 1 at least twice before
writing 0 to the OVF bit to clear the flag.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group is equipped with 2 or 3 independent serial communication interface (SCI)
channels*. The SCI can handle both asynchronous and clocked synchronous serial
communication. A function is also provided for serial communication between processors
(multiprocessor communication function).
Note: * Two channels in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645; three channels in the
H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
13.1.1
Features
SCI features are listed below.
• Choice of asynchronous or clocked synchronous serial communication mode
Asynchronous mode
 Serial data communication executed using asynchronous system in which synchronization
is achieved character by character
Serial data communication can be carried out with standard asynchronous communication
chips such as a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) or Asynchronous
Communication Interface Adapter (ACIA)
 A multiprocessor communication function is provided that enables serial data
communication with a number of processors
 Choice of 12 serial data transfer formats
Data length
: 7 or 8 bits
Stop bit length
: 1 or 2 bits
Parity
: Even, odd, or none
Multiprocessor bit
: 1 or 0
 Receive error detection : Parity, overrun, and framing errors
 Break detection
: Break can be detected by reading the RxD pin level directly in
case of a framing error
Clocked Synchronous mode
 Serial data communication synchronized with a clock
Serial data communication can be carried out with other chips that have a synchronous
communication function
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
 One serial data transfer format
Data length
: 8 bits
 Receive error detection : Overrun errors detected
• Full-duplex communication capability
 The transmitter and receiver are mutually independent, enabling transmission and reception
to be executed simultaneously
 Double-buffering is used in both the transmitter and the receiver, enabling continuous
transmission and continuous reception of serial data
• Choice of LSB-first or MSB-first transfer
 Can be selected regardless of the communication mode* (except in the case of
asynchronous mode 7-bit data)
Note: * Descriptions in this section refer to LSB-first transfer.
• On-chip baud rate generator allows any bit rate to be selected
• Choice of serial clock source: internal clock from baud rate generator or external clock from
SCK pin
• Four interrupt sources
 Four interrupt sources — transmit-data-empty, transmit-end, receive-data-full, and receive
error — that can issue requests independently
 The transmit-data-empty interrupt and receive data full interrupts can activate the data
transfer controller (DTC) to execute data transfer
• Module stop mode can be set
 As the initial setting, SCI operation is halted. Register access is enabled by exiting module
stop mode.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.1.2
Block Diagram
Bus interface
Figure 13.1 shows a block diagram of the SCI.
Module data bus
RDR
RxD
TxD
RSR
TDR
SCMR
SSR
SCR
SMR
TSR
BRR
φ
Baud rate
generator
Transmission/
reception control
Parity generation
Parity check
SCK
Internal
data bus
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
Clock
External clock
TEI
TXI
RXI
ERI
Legend:
RSR : Receive shift register
RDR : Receive data register
TSR : Transmit shift register
TDR : Transmit data register
SMR : Serial mode register
SCR : Serial control register
SSR : Serial status register
SCMR : Smart card mode register
BRR : Bit rate register
Figure 13.1 Block Diagram of SCI
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 13.1 shows the serial pins for each SCI channel.
Table 13.1 SCI Pins
Channel
Pin Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
0
Serial clock pin 0
SCK0
I/O
SCI0 clock input/output
Receive data pin 0
RxD0
Input
SCI0 receive data input
Transmit data pin 0
TxD0
Output
SCI0 transmit data output
1
2*
Serial clock pin 1
SCK1
I/O
SCI1 clock input/output
Receive data pin 1
RxD1
Input
SCI1 receive data input
Transmit data pin 1
TxD1
Output
SCI1 transmit data output
Serial clock pin 2
SCK2
I/O
SCI2 clock input/output
Receive data pin 2
RxD2
Input
SCI2 receive data input
Transmit data pin 2
TxD2
Output
SCI2 transmit data output
Notes: Pin names SCK, RxD, and TxD are used in the text for all channels, omitting the channel
designation.
* H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647 only.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.1.4
Register Configuration
The SCI has the internal registers shown in table 13.2. These registers are used to specify
asynchronous mode or clocked synchronous mode, the data format , and the bit rate, and to control
transmitter/receiver.
Table 13.2 SCI Registers
Channel
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
0
Serial mode register 0
SMR0
R/W
H'00
H'FF78
1
Bit rate register 0
BRR0
R/W
H'FF
H'FF79
Serial control register 0
SCR0
R/W
H'00
H'FF7A
Transmit data register 0
TDR0
R/W
H'FF7B
Serial status register 0
SSR0
H'FF
2
*
R/(W)
H'84
H'FF7C
Receive data register 0
RDR0
R
H'FF7D
Smart card mode register 0
SCMR0
R/W
H'F2
H'FF7E
Serial mode register 1
SMR1
R/W
H'00
H'FF80
Bit rate register 1
BRR1
R/W
H'FF
H'FF81
Serial control register 1
SCR1
R/W
H'00
H'FF82
Transmit data register 1
TDR1
R/W
H'FF83
H'FF84
Serial status register 1
SSR1
H'FF
2
*
R/(W)
H'84
Receive data register 1
RDR1
R
H'00
H'FF85
Smart card mode register 1
SCMR1
R/W
H'F2
H'FF86
SMR2
R/W
H'00
H'FF88
BRR2
R/W
H'FF
H'FF89
SCR2
R/W
H'00
H'FF8A
TDR2
2
Serial mode register 2
(H8S/2648, Bit rate register 2
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647) Serial control register 2
Transmit data register 2
All
H'00
Serial status register 2
SSR2
R/W
H'FF
R/(W)*2 H'84
H'FF8C
H'FF8B
Receive data register 2
RDR2
R
H'00
H'FF8D
Smart card mode register 2
SCMR2
R/W
H'F2
H'FF8E
Module stop control register B
MSTPCRB
R/W
H'FF
H'FDE9
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.2
Register Descriptions
13.2.1
Receive Shift Register (RSR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R/W
:
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
RSR is a register used to receive serial data.
The SCI sets serial data input from the RxD pin in RSR in the order received, starting with the
LSB (bit 0), and converts it to parallel data. When one byte of data has been received, it is
transferred to RDR automatically.
RSR cannot be directly read or written to by the CPU.
13.2.2
Bit
Receive Data Register (RDR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
:
RDR is a register that stores received serial data.
When the SCI has received one byte of serial data, it transfers the received serial data from RSR to
RDR where it is stored, and completes the receive operation. After this, RSR is receive-enabled.
Since RSR and RDR function as a double buffer in this way, enables continuous receive
operations to be performed.
RDR is a read-only register, and cannot be written to by the CPU.
RDR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, and subsleep
mode, or module stop mode.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.2.3
Transmit Shift Register (TSR)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
R/W
:
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
TSR is a register used to transmit serial data.
To perform serial data transmission, the SCI first transfers transmit data from TDR to TSR, then
sends the data to the TxD pin starting with the LSB (bit 0).
When transmission of one byte is completed, the next transmit data is transferred from TDR to
TSR, and transmission started, automatically. However, data transfer from TDR to TSR is not
performed if the TDRE bit in SSR is set to 1.
TSR cannot be directly read or written to by the CPU.
13.2.4
Bit
Transmit Data Register (TDR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
TDR is an 8-bit register that stores data for serial transmission.
When the SCI detects that TSR is empty, it transfers the transmit data written in TDR to TSR and
starts serial transmission. Continuous serial transmission can be carried out by writing the next
transmit data to TDR during serial transmission of the data in TSR.
TDR can be read or written to by the CPU at all times.
TDR is initialized to H'FF by a reset, in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, and subsleep
mode, or module stop mode.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.2.5
Bit
Serial Mode Register (SMR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
C/A
CHR
PE
O/E
STOP
MP
CKS1
CKS0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
SMR is an 8-bit register used to set the SCI’s serial transfer format and select the baud rate
generator clock source.
SMR can be read or written to by the CPU at all times.
SMR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Bit 7—Communication Mode (C/A
A): Selects asynchronous mode or clocked synchronous mode
as the SCI operating mode.
Bit 7
C/A
A
Description
0
Asynchronous mode
1
Clocked synchronous mode
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Character Length (CHR): Selects 7 or 8 bits as the data length in asynchronous mode. In
clocked synchronous mode, a fixed data length of 8 bits is used regardless of the CHR setting.
Bit 6
CHR
0
1
Description
8-bit data
7-bit data*
(Initial value)
Note: * When 7-bit data is selected, the MSB (bit 7) of TDR is not transmitted, and it is not possible
to choose between LSB-first or MSB-first transfer.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 5—Parity Enable (PE): In asynchronous mode, selects whether or not parity bit addition is
performed in transmission, and parity bit checking in reception. In clocked synchronous mode
with a multiprocessor format, parity bit addition and checking is not performed, regardless of the
PE bit setting.
Bit 5
PE
0
1
Description
Parity bit addition and checking disabled
Parity bit addition and checking enabled*
(Initial value)
Note: * When the PE bit is set to 1, the parity (even or odd) specified by the O/E bit is added to
transmit data before transmission. In reception, the parity bit is checked for the parity (even
or odd) specified by the O/E bit.
Bit 4—Parity Mode (O/E
E): Selects either even or odd parity for use in parity addition and
checking.
The O/E bit setting is only valid when the PE bit is set to 1, enabling parity bit addition and
checking, in asynchronous mode. The O/E bit setting is invalid in clocked synchronous mode,
when parity addition and checking is disabled in asynchronous mode, and when a multiprocessor
format is used.
Bit 4
O/E
E
0
1
Description
Even parity*1
Odd parity*2
(Initial value)
Notes: 1. When even parity is set, parity bit addition is performed in transmission so that the total
number of 1 bits in the transmit character plus the parity bit is even.
In reception, a check is performed to see if the total number of 1 bits in the receive
character plus the parity bit is even.
2. When odd parity is set, parity bit addition is performed in transmission so that the total
number of 1 bits in the transmit character plus the parity bit is odd.
In reception, a check is performed to see if the total number of 1 bits in the receive
character plus the parity bit is odd.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 3—Stop Bit Length (STOP): Selects 1 or 2 bits as the stop bit length in asynchronous mode.
The STOP bits setting is only valid in asynchronous mode. If clocked synchronous mode is set the
STOP bit setting is invalid since stop bits are not added.
Bit 3
STOP
0
1
Description
1 stop bit: In transmission, a single 1 bit (stop bit) is added to the end
of a transmit character before it is sent.
(Initial value)
2 stop bits: In transmission, two 1 bits (stop bits) are added to the end of a transmit
character before it is sent.
In reception, only the first stop bit is checked, regardless of the STOP bit setting. If the second
stop bit is 1, it is treated as a stop bit; if it is 0, it is treated as the start bit of the next transmit
character.
Bit 2—Multiprocessor Mode (MP): Selects multiprocessor format. When multiprocessor format
is selected, the PE bit and O/E bit parity settings are invalid. The MP bit setting is only valid in
asynchronous mode; it is invalid in clocked synchronous mode.
For details of the multiprocessor communication function, see section 13.3.3, Multiprocessor
Communication Function.
Bit 2
MP
Description
0
Multiprocessor function disabled
1
Multiprocessor format selected
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 446 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bits 1 and 0—Clock Select 1 and 0 (CKS1, CKS0): These bits select the clock source for the
baud rate generator. The clock source can be selected from φ, φ/4, φ/16, and φ/64, according to the
setting of bits CKS1 and CKS0.
For the relation between the clock source, the bit rate register setting, and the baud rate, see
section 13.2.8, Bit Rate Register (BRR).
Bit 1
CKS1
Bit 0
CKS0
Description
0
0
φ clock
1
φ/4 clock
0
φ/16 clock
1
φ/64 clock
1
13.2.6
Bit
Serial Control Register (SCR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
(Initial value)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TIE
RIE
TE
RE
MPIE
TEIE
CKE1
CKE0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
SCR is a register that performs enabling or disabling of SCI transfer operations, serial clock output
in asynchronous mode, and interrupt requests, and selection of the serial clock source.
SCR can be read or written to by the CPU at all times.
SCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in standby mode.
Bit 7—Transmit Interrupt Enable (TIE): Enables or disables transmit data empty interrupt
(TXI) request generation when serial transmit data is transferred from TDR to TSR and the TDRE
flag in SSR is set to 1.
Bit 7
TIE
Description
0
Transmit data empty interrupt (TXI) requests disabled*
1
Transmit data empty interrupt (TXI) requests enabled
(Initial value)
Note: * TXI interrupt request cancellation can be performed by reading 1 from the TDRE flag, then
clearing it to 0, or clearing the TIE bit to 0.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 6—Receive Interrupt Enable (RIE): Enables or disables receive data full interrupt (RXI)
request and receive error interrupt (ERI) request generation when serial receive data is transferred
from RSR to RDR and the RDRF flag in SSR is set to 1.
Bit 6
RIE
Description
0
Receive data full interrupt (RXI) request and receive error interrupt (ERI) request
disabled*
(Initial value)
1
Receive data full interrupt (RXI) request and receive error interrupt (ERI) request
enabled
Note: * RXI and ERI interrupt request cancellation can be performed by reading 1 from the RDRF
flag, or the FER, PER, or ORER flag, then clearing the flag to 0, or clearing the RIE bit to 0.
Bit 5—Transmit Enable (TE): Enables or disables the start of serial transmission by the SCI.
Bit 5
TE
0
1
Description
Transmission disabled*1
Transmission enabled*2
(Initial value)
Notes: 1. The TDRE flag in SSR is fixed at 1.
2. In this state, serial transmission is started when transmit data is written to TDR and the
TDRE flag in SSR is cleared to 0.
SMR setting must be performed to decide the transfer format before setting the TE bit
to 1.
Bit 4—Receive Enable (RE): Enables or disables the start of serial reception by the SCI.
Bit 4
RE
0
1
Description
Reception disabled*1
Reception enabled*2
(Initial value)
Notes: 1. Clearing the RE bit to 0 does not affect the RDRF, FER, PER, and ORER flags, which
retain their states.
2. Serial reception is started in this state when a start bit is detected in asynchronous
mode or serial clock input is detected in clocked synchronous mode.
SMR setting must be performed to decide the transfer format before setting the RE bit
to 1.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 448 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 3—Multiprocessor Interrupt Enable (MPIE): Enables or disables multiprocessor interrupts.
The MPIE bit setting is only valid in asynchronous mode when the MP bit in SMR is set to 1.
The MPIE bit setting is invalid in clocked synchronous mode or when the MP bit is cleared to 0.
Bit 3
MPIE
Description
0
Multiprocessor interrupts disabled (normal reception performed)
(Initial value)
[Clearing conditions]
•
When the MPIE bit is cleared to 0
•
1
When MPB= 1 data is received
Multiprocessor interrupts enabled*
Receive interrupt (RXI) requests, receive error interrupt (ERI) requests, and setting
of the RDRF, FER, and ORER flags in SSR are disabled until data with the
multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received.
Note: * When receive data including MPB = 0 is received, receive data transfer from RSR to RDR,
receive error detection, and setting of the RDRF, FER, and ORER flags in SSR , is not
performed. When receive data including MPB = 1 is received, the MPB bit in SSR is set to
1, the MPIE bit is cleared to 0 automatically, and generation of RXI and ERI interrupts
(when the TIE and RIE bits in SCR are set to 1) and FER and ORER flag setting is enabled.
Bit 2—Transmit End Interrupt Enable (TEIE): Enables or disables transmit end interrupt
(TEI) request generation when there is no valid transmit data in TDR in MSB data transmission.
Bit 2
TEIE
0
1
Description
Transmit end interrupt (TEI) request disabled*
Transmit end interrupt (TEI) request enabled*
(Initial value)
Note: * TEI cancellation can be performed by reading 1 from the TDRE flag in SSR, then clearing it
to 0 and clearing the TEND flag to 0, or clearing the TEIE bit to 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 449 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bits 1 and 0—Clock Enable 1 and 0 (CKE1, CKE0): These bits are used to select the SCI clock
source and enable or disable clock output from the SCK pin. The combination of the CKE1 and
CKE0 bits determines whether the SCK pin functions as an I/O port, the serial clock output pin, or
the serial clock input pin.
The setting of the CKE0 bit, however, is only valid for internal clock operation (CKE1 = 0) in
asynchronous mode. The CKE0 bit setting is invalid in clocked synchronous mode, and in the case
of external clock operation (CKE1 = 1). Note that the SCI’s operating mode must be decided using
SMR before setting the CKE1 and CKE0 bits.
For details of clock source selection, see table 13.9.
Bit 1
CKE1
Bit 0
CKE0
Description
0
0
Asynchronous mode
Internal clock/SCK pin functions as I/O port*
Clocked synchronous
mode
Internal clock/SCK pin functions as serial clock
1
output*
Asynchronous mode
Internal clock/SCK pin functions as clock output*2
Clocked synchronous
mode
Internal clock/SCK pin functions as serial clock
output
Asynchronous mode
External clock/SCK pin functions as clock input*3
Clocked synchronous
mode
Asynchronous mode
External clock/SCK pin functions as serial clock
input
External clock/SCK pin functions as clock input*3
Clocked synchronous
mode
External clock/SCK pin functions as serial clock
input
1
1
0
1
1
Notes: 1. Initial value
2. Outputs a clock of the same frequency as the bit rate.
3. Inputs a clock with a frequency 16 times the bit rate.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 450 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.2.7
Bit
Serial Status Register (SSR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TDRE
RDRF
ORER
FER
PER
TEND
MPB
MPBT
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R
R
R/W
Note: * Only 0 can be written, to clear the flag.
SSR is an 8-bit register containing status flags that indicate the operating status of the SCI, and
multiprocessor bits.
SSR can be read or written to by the CPU at all times. However, 1 cannot be written to flags
TDRE, RDRF, ORER, PER, and FER. Also note that in order to clear these flags they must be
read as 1 beforehand. The TEND flag and MPB flag are read-only flags and cannot be modified.
SSR is initialized to H'84 by a reset, in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, subsleep
mode, or module stop mode.
Bit 7—Transmit Data Register Empty (TDRE): Indicates that data has been transferred from
TDR to TSR and the next serial data can be written to TDR.
Bit 7
TDRE
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
When 0 is written to TDRE after reading TDRE = 1
•
When the DTC is activated by a TXI interrupt and writes data to TDR
[Setting conditions]
(Initial value)
•
When the TE bit in SCR is 0
•
When data is transferred from TDR to TSR and data can be written to TDR
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 451 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 6—Receive Data Register Full (RDRF): Indicates that the received data is stored in RDR.
Bit 6
RDRF
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
(Initial value)
•
When 0 is written to RDRF after reading RDRF = 1
•
When the DTC is activated by an RXI interrupt and reads data from RDR
[Setting condition]
When serial reception ends normally and receive data is transferred from RSR to RDR
Note: RDR and the RDRF flag are not affected and retain their previous values when an error is
detected during reception or when the RE bit in SCR is cleared to 0.
If reception of the next data is completed while the RDRF flag is still set to 1, an overrun
error will occur and the receive data will be lost.
Bit 5—Overrun Error (ORER): Indicates that an overrun error occurred during reception,
causing abnormal termination.
Bit 5
ORER
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
(Initial value)*1
When 0 is written to ORER after reading ORER = 1
1
[Setting condition]
2
When the next serial reception is completed while RDRF = 1*
Notes: 1. The ORER flag is not affected and retains its previous state when the RE bit in SCR is
cleared to 0.
2. The receive data prior to the overrun error is retained in RDR, and the data received
subsequently is lost. Also, subsequent serial reception cannot be continued while the
ORER flag is set to 1. In clocked synchronous mode, serial transmission cannot be
continued, either.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 452 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 4—Framing Error (FER): Indicates that a framing error occurred during reception in
asynchronous mode, causing abnormal termination.
Bit 4
FER
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
1
(Initial value)*
When 0 is written to FER after reading FER = 1
1
[Setting condition]
When the SCI checks whether the stop bit at the end of the receive data when
2
reception ends, and the stop bit is 0 *
Notes: 1. The FER flag is not affected and retains its previous state when the RE bit in SCR is
cleared to 0.
2. In 2-stop-bit mode, only the first stop bit is checked for a value of 0; the second stop bit
is not checked. If a framing error occurs, the receive data is transferred to RDR but the
RDRF flag is not set. Also, subsequent serial reception cannot be continued while the
FER flag is set to 1. In clocked synchronous mode, serial transmission cannot be
continued, either.
Bit 3—Parity Error (PER): Indicates that a parity error occurred during reception using parity
addition in asynchronous mode, causing abnormal termination.
Bit 3
PER
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
1
[Setting condition]
(Initial value)*
1
When 0 is written to PER after reading PER = 1
When, in reception, the number of 1 bits in the receive data plus the parity bit does not
2
match the parity setting (even or odd) specified by the O/E bit in SMR*
Notes: 1. The PER flag is not affected and retains its previous state when the RE bit in SCR is
cleared to 0.
2. If a parity error occurs, the receive data is transferred to RDR but the RDRF flag is not
set. Also, subsequent serial reception cannot be continued while the PER flag is set to
1. In clocked synchronous mode, serial transmission cannot be continued, either.
Bit 2—Transmit End (TEND): Indicates that there is no valid data in TDR when the last bit of
the transmit character is sent, and transmission has been ended.
The TEND flag is read-only and cannot be modified.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 453 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 2
TEND
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
When 0 is written to TDRE after reading TDRE = 1
•
When the DTC is activated by a TXI interrupt and writes data to TDR
[Setting conditions]
(Initial value)
•
When the TE bit in SCR is 0
•
When TDRE = 1 at transmission of the last bit of a 1-byte serial transmit character
Bit 1—Multiprocessor Bit (MPB): When reception is performed using multiprocessor format in
asynchronous mode, MPB stores the multiprocessor bit in the receive data.
MPB is a read-only bit, and cannot be modified.
Bit 1
MPB
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
(Initial value)*
When data with a 0 multiprocessor bit is received
1
[Setting condition]
When data with a 1 multiprocessor bit is received
Note: * Retains its previous state when the RE bit in SCR is cleared to 0 with multiprocessor
format.
Bit 0—Multiprocessor Bit Transfer (MPBT): When transmission is performed using
multiprocessor format in asynchronous mode, MPBT stores the multiprocessor bit to be added to
the transmit data.
The MPBT bit setting is invalid when multiprocessor format is not used, when not transmitting,
and in clocked synchronous mode.
Bit 0
MPBT
Description
0
Data with a 0 multiprocessor bit is transmitted
1
Data with a 1 multiprocessor bit is transmitted
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 454 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.2.8
Bit
Bit Rate Register (BRR)
:
7
Initial value :
R/W
:
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
BRR is an 8-bit register that sets the serial transmit/receive bit rate in accordance with the baud
rate generator operating clock selected by bits CKS1 and CKS0 in SMR.
BRR can be read or written to by the CPU at all times.
BRR is initialized to H'FF by a reset and in standby mode.
As baud rate generator control is performed independently for each channel, different values can
be set for each channel.
Table 13.3 shows sample BRR settings in asynchronous mode, and table 13.4 shows sample BRR
settings in clocked synchronous mode.
Table 13.3 BRR Settings for Various Bit Rates (Asynchronous Mode)
φ = 4 MHz
φ = 4.9152 MHz
φ = 5 MHz
φ = 6 MHz
Bit Rate
(bit/s)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
2
70
0.03
2
86
0.31
2
88
–0.25
2
106
–0.44
150
1
207
0.16
1
255
0.00
2
64
0.16
2
77
0.16
300
1
103
0.16
1
127
0.00
1
129
0.16
1
155
0.16
600
0
207
0.16
0
255
0.00
1
64
0.16
1
77
0.16
1200
0
103
0.16
0
127
0.00
0
129
0.16
0
155
0.16
2400
0
51
0.16
0
63
0.00
0
64
0.16
0
77
0.16
4800
0
25
0.16
0
31
0.00
0
32
–1.36
0
38
0.16
9600
0
12
0.16
0
15
0.00
0
15
1.73
0
19
–2.34
19200
—
—
—
0
7
0.00
0
7
1.73
0
9
–2.34
31250
0
3
0.00
0
4
–1.70
0
4
0.00
0
5
0.00
38400
—
—
—
0
3
0.00
0
3
1.73
0
4
–2.34
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 455 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
φ = 6.144 MHz
φ = 7.3728 MHz
φ = 8 MHz
φ = 9.8304 MHz
Bit Rate
(bit/s)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
2
108
0.08
2
130
–0.07
2
141
0.03
2
174
–0.26
150
2
79
0.00
2
95
0.00
2
103
0.16
2
127
0.00
300
1
159
0.00
1
191
0.00
1
207
0.16
1
255
0.00
600
1
79
0.00
1
95
0.00
1
103
0.16
1
127
0.00
1200
0
159
0.00
0
191
0.00
0
207
0.16
0
255
0.00
2400
0
79
0.00
0
95
0.00
0
103
0.16
0
127
0.00
4800
0
39
0.00
0
47
0.00
0
51
0.16
0
63
0.00
9600
0
19
0.00
0
23
0.00
0
25
0.16
0
31
0.00
19200
0
9
0.00
0
11
0.00
0
12
0.16
0
15
0.00
31250
0
5
2.40
—
—
—
0
7
0.00
0
9
–1.70
38400
0
4
0.00
0
5
0.00
—
—
—
0
7
0.00
φ = 10 MHz
φ = 12 MHz
φ = 12.288 MHz
φ = 14 MHz
Bit Rate
(bit/s)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
2
177
–0.25
2
212
0.03
2
217
0.08
2
248
–0.17
150
2
129
0.16
2
155
0.16
2
159
0.00
2
181
0.16
300
2
64
0.16
2
77
0.16
2
79
0.00
2
90
0.16
600
1
129
0.16
1
155
0.16
1
159
0.00
1
181
0.16
1200
1
64
0.16
1
77
0.16
1
79
0.00
1
90
0.16
2400
0
129
0.16
0
155
0.16
0
159
0.00
0
181
0.16
4800
0
64
0.16
0
77
0.16
0
79
0.00
0
90
0.16
9600
0
32
–1.36
0
38
0.16
0
39
0.00
0
45
–0.93
19200
0
15
1.73
0
19
–2.34
0
19
0.00
0
22
–0.93
31250
0
9
0.00
0
11
0.00
0
11
2.40
0
13
0.00
38400
0
7
1.73
0
9
–2.34
0
9
0.00
—
—
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 456 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
φ = 14.7456 MHz
φ = 16 MHz
φ = 17.2032 MHz
φ = 18 MHz
Bit Rate
(bit/s)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
3
64
0.70
3
70
0.03
3
75
0.48
3
79
–0.12
150
2
191
0.00
2
207
0.16
2
223
0.00
2
233
0.16
300
2
95
0.00
2
103
0.16
2
111
0.00
2
116
0.16
600
1
191
0.00
1
207
0.16
1
223
0.00
1
233
0.16
1200
1
95
0.00
1
103
0.16
1
111
0.00
1
116
0.16
2400
0
191
0.00
0
207
0.16
0
223
0.00
0
233
0.16
4800
0
95
0.00
0
103
0.16
0
111
0.00
0
116
0.16
9600
0
47
0.00
0
51
0.16
0
55
0.00
0
58
–0.69
19200
0
23
0.00
0
25
0.16
0
27
0.00
0
28
1.02
31250
0
14
–1.70
0
15
0.00
0
16
1.20
0
17
0.00
38400
0
11
0.00
0
12
0.16
0
13
0.00
0
14
–2.34
φ = 19.6608 MHz
φ = 20 MHz
Bit Rate
(bit/s)
n
N
Error
(%)
n
N
Error
(%)
110
3
86
0.31
3
88
–0.25
150
2
255
0.00
3
64
0.16
300
2
127
0.00
2
129
0.16
600
1
255
0.00
2
64
0.16
1200
1
127
0.00
1
129
0.16
2400
0
255
0.00
1
64
0.16
4800
0
127
0.00
0
129
0.16
9600
0
63
0.00
0
64
0.16
19200
0
31
0.00
0
32
–1.36
31250
0
19
–1.70
0
19
0.00
38400
0
15
0.00
0
15
1.73
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 457 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Table 13.4 BRR Settings for Various Bit Rates (Clocked Synchronous Mode)
φ = 4 MHz
Bit Rate
(bit/s)
n
N
110
—
—
250
2
500
1k
φ = 8 MHz
φ = 10 MHz
φ = 16 MHz
n
N
n
N
n
N
249
3
124
—
—
3
249
2
124
2
249
—
—
3
1
249
2
124
—
—
2
φ = 20 MHz
n
N
124
—
—
249
—
—
2.5 k
1
99
1
199
1
249
2
99
2
124
5k
0
199
1
99
1
124
1
199
1
249
10 k
0
99
0
199
0
249
1
99
1
124
25 k
0
39
0
79
0
99
0
159
0
199
50 k
0
19
0
39
0
49
0
79
0
99
100 k
0
9
0
19
0
24
0
39
0
49
250 k
0
3
0
7
0
9
0
15
0
19
500 k
0
1
0
3
0
4
0
7
0
9
1M
0
0*
0
1
0
3
0
4
0
0*
0
1
0
0*
2.5 M
5M
Note: As far as possible, the setting should be made so that the error is no more than 1%.
Legend:
Blank : Cannot be set.
— : Can be set, but there will be a degree of error.
* : Continuous transfer is not possible.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 458 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
The BRR setting is found from the following formulas.
Asynchronous mode:
φ
N=
× 106 – 1
64 × 22n–1 × B
Clocked synchronous mode:
φ
N=
Where B:
N:
φ:
n:
8×2
2n–1
× 106 – 1
×B
Bit rate (bit/s)
BRR setting for baud rate generator (0 ≤ N ≤ 255)
Operating frequency (MHz)
Baud rate generator input clock (n = 0 to 3)
(See the table below for the relation between n and the clock.)
SMR Setting
n
Clock
CKS1
CKS0
0
φ
0
0
1
φ/4
0
1
2
φ/16
1
0
3
φ/64
1
1
The bit rate error in asynchronous mode is found from the following formula:
Error (%) = {
φ × 106
(N + 1) × B × 64 × 22n–1
– 1} × 100
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 459 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Table 13.5 shows the maximum bit rate for each frequency in asynchronous mode. Tables 13.6
and 13.7 show the maximum bit rates with external clock input.
Table 13.5 Maximum Bit Rate for Each Frequency (Asynchronous Mode)
φ (MHz)
Maximum Bit Rate (bit/s)
n
N
4
125000
0
0
4.9152
153600
0
0
5
156250
0
0
6
187500
0
0
6.144
192000
0
0
7.3728
230400
0
0
8
250000
0
0
9.8304
307200
0
0
10
312500
0
0
12
375000
0
0
12.288
384000
0
0
14
437500
0
0
14.7456
460800
0
0
16
500000
0
0
17.2032
537600
0
0
18
562500
0
0
19.6608
614400
0
0
20
625000
0
0
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 460 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Table 13.6 Maximum Bit Rate with External Clock Input (Asynchronous Mode)
φ (MHz)
External Input Clock (MHz)
Maximum Bit Rate (bit/s)
4
1.0000
62500
4.9152
1.2288
76800
5
1.2500
78125
6
1.5000
93750
6.144
1.5360
96000
7.3728
1.8432
115200
8
2.0000
125000
9.8304
2.4576
153600
10
2.5000
156250
12
3.0000
187500
12.288
3.0720
192000
14
3.5000
218750
14.7456
3.6864
230400
16
4.0000
250000
17.2032
4.3008
268800
18
4.5000
281250
19.6608
4.9152
307200
20
5.0000
312500
Table 13.7 Maximum Bit Rate with External Clock Input (Clocked Synchronous Mode)
φ (MHz)
External Input Clock (MHz)
Maximum Bit Rate (bit/s)
4
0.6667
666666.7
6
1.0000
1000000.0
8
1.3333
1333333.3
10
1.6667
1666666.7
12
2.0000
2000000.0
14
2.3333
2333333.3
16
2.6667
2666666.7
18
3.0000
3000000.0
20
3.3333
3333333.3
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 461 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.2.9
Bit
Smart Card Mode Register (SCMR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
SDIR
SINV
—
SMIF
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
:
SCMR selects LSB-first or MSB-first by means of bit SDIR. Except in the case of asynchronous
mode 7-bit data, LSB-first or MSB-first can be selected regardless of the serial communication
mode. The descriptions in this chapter refer to LSB-first transfer.
For details of the other bits in SCMR, see section 14.2.1, Smart Card Mode Register (SCMR).
SCMR is initialized to H'F2 by a reset and in standby mode.
Bits 7 to 4—Reserved: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 3—Smart Card Data Transfer Direction (SDIR): Selects the serial/parallel conversion
format.
This bit is valid when 8-bit data is used as the transmit/receive format.
Bit 3
SDIR
Description
0
TDR contents are transmitted LSB-first
Receive data is stored in RDR LSB-first
1
TDR contents are transmitted MSB-first
Receive data is stored in RDR MSB-first
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 462 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 2—Smart Card Data Invert (SINV): Specifies inversion of the data logic level. The SINV
bit does not affect the logic level of the parity bit(s): parity bit inversion requires inversion of the
O/E bit in SMR.
Bit 2
SINV
Description
0
TDR contents are transmitted without modification
(Initial value)
Receive data is stored in RDR without modification
1
TDR contents are inverted before being transmitted
Receive data is stored in RDR in inverted form
Bit 1—Reserved: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 0—Smart Card Interface Mode Select (SMIF): When the smart card interface operates as a
normal SCI, 0 should be written in this bit.
Bit 0
SMIF
Description
0
Operates as normal SCI (smart card interface function disabled)
1
Smart card interface function enabled
(Initial value)
13.2.10 Module Stop Control Register B (MSTPCRB)
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPB7 MSTPB6 MSTPB5 MSTPB4 MSTPB3 MSTPB2 MSTPB1 MSTPB0
Initial value :
R/W
:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MSTPCRB is an 8-bit readable/writable register that perform module stop mode control.
Setting any of bits MSTPB7 and MSTPB6 to 1 stops SCI0 and SCI1 operating and enter module
stop mode on completion of the bus cycle. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRB is initialized to H'FF by a reset and in hardware standby mode. They are not
initialized in software standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 463 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Bit 7—Module Stop (MSTPB7): Specifies the SCI0 module stop mode.
Bit 7
MSTPB7
Description
0
SCI0 module stop mode is cleared
1
SCI0 module stop mode is set
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Module Stop (MSTPB6): Specifies the SCI1 module stop mode.
Bit 6
MSTPB6
Description
0
SCI1 module stop mode is cleared
1
SCI1 module stop mode is set
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Module Stop (MSTPB5): Specifies the SCI2 module stop mode.
Bit 5
MSTPB5
Description
0
SCI2 module stop mode is cleared
1
SCI2 module stop mode is set
Note: H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647 only.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 464 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.3
Operation
13.3.1
Overview
The SCI can carry out serial communication in two modes: asynchronous mode in which
synchronization is achieved character by character, and clocked synchronous mode in which
synchronization is achieved with clock pulses.
Selection of asynchronous or clocked synchronous mode and the transmission format is made
using SMR as shown in table 13.8. The SCI clock is determined by a combination of the C/A bit
in SMR and the CKE1 and CKE0 bits in SCR, as shown in table 13.9.
Asynchronous Mode
• Data length: Choice of 7 or 8 bits
• Choice of parity addition, multiprocessor bit addition, and addition of 1 or 2 stop bits (the
combination of these parameters determines the transfer format and character length)
• Detection of framing, parity, and overrun errors, and breaks, during reception
• Choice of internal or external clock as SCI clock source
 When internal clock is selected:
The SCI operates on the baud rate generator clock and a clock with the same frequency as
the bit rate can be output
 When external clock is selected:
A clock with a frequency of 16 times the bit rate must be input (the on-chip baud rate
generator is not used)
Clocked Synchronous Mode
• Transfer format: Fixed 8-bit data
• Detection of overrun errors during reception
• Choice of internal or external clock as SCI clock source
 When internal clock is selected:
The SCI operates on the baud rate generator clock and a serial clock is output off-chip
 When external clock is selected:
The on-chip baud rate generator is not used, and the SCI operates on the input serial clock
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 465 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Table 13.8 SMR Settings and Serial Transfer Format Selection
SMR Settings
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 2
SCI Transfer Format
Bit 5
C/A
A
CHR
MP
PE
0
0
0
0
STOP
Mode
0
Asynchronous
mode
1
1
Data
Length
MultiProcessor
Bit
Parity
Bit
8-bit data
No
No
Bit 3
0
0
Yes
0
7-bit data
No
1
1
1
—
—
—
0
—
1
—
0
—
1
—
—
1 bit
2 bits
0
Yes
1
0
1 bit
2 bits
1
1
1 bit
2 bits
1
1
Stop Bit
Length
1 bit
2 bits
Asynchronous
mode (multiprocessor format)
8-bit data
Yes
No
1 bit
2 bits
7-bit data
1 bit
2 bits
Clocked
8-bit data
synchronous mode
No
None
Table 13.9 SMR and SCR Settings and SCI Clock Source Selection
SMR
SCR Setting
SCI Transmit/Receive Clock
Bit 7
Bit 1
Bit 0
C/A
A
CKE1
CKE0
Mode
0
0
0
Asynchronous
mode
1
1
0
Clock
Source
SCK Pin Function
Internal
SCI does not use SCK pin
Outputs clock with same frequency as bit
rate
External
Inputs clock with frequency of 16 times
the bit rate
Internal
Outputs serial clock
External
Inputs serial clock
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
Clocked
synchronous
mode
1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 466 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.3.2
Operation in Asynchronous Mode
In asynchronous mode, characters are sent or received, each preceded by a start bit indicating the
start of communication and stop bits indicating the end of communication. Serial communication
is thus carried out with synchronization established on a character-by-character basis.
Inside the SCI, the transmitter and receiver are independent units, enabling full-duplex
communication. Both the transmitter and the receiver also have a double-buffered structure, so
that data can be read or written during transmission or reception, enabling continuous data
transfer.
Figure 13.2 shows the general format for asynchronous serial communication.
In asynchronous serial communication, the transmission line is usually held in the mark state (high
level). The SCI monitors the transmission line, and when it goes to the space state (low level),
recognizes a start bit and starts serial communication.
One serial communication character consists of a start bit (low level), followed by data (in LSBfirst order), a parity bit (high or low level), and finally stop bits (high level).
In asynchronous mode, the SCI performs synchronization at the falling edge of the start bit in
reception. The SCI samples the data on the 8th pulse of a clock with a frequency of 16 times the
length of one bit, so that the transfer data is latched at the center of each bit.
Idle state
(mark state)
1
Serial
data
LSB
0
D0
1
MSB
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
Start
bit
Transmit/receive data
1 bit
7 or 8 bits
D6
D7
0/1
Parity
bit
1 bit,
or none
1
1
Stop bit
1 or
2 bits
One unit of transfer data (character or frame)
Figure 13.2 Data Format in Asynchronous Communication
(Example with 8-Bit Data, Parity, Two Stop Bits)
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Data Transfer Format
Table 13.10 shows the data transfer formats that can be used in asynchronous mode. Any of 12
transfer formats can be selected according to the SMR setting.
Table 13.10 Serial Transfer Formats (Asynchronous Mode)
SMR Settings
Serial Transfer Format and Frame Length
CHR
PE
MP
STOP
1
2
0
0
0
0
S
8-bit data
STOP
0
0
0
1
S
8-bit data
STOP STOP
0
1
0
0
S
8-bit data
P STOP
0
1
0
1
S
8-bit data
P STOP STOP
1
0
0
0
S
7-bit data
STOP
1
0
0
1
S
7-bit data
STOP STOP
1
1
0
0
S
7-bit data
P
STOP
1
1
0
1
S
7-bit data
P
STOP STOP
0
—
1
0
S
8-bit data
MPB STOP
0
—
1
1
S
8-bit data
MPB STOP STOP
1
—
1
0
S
7-bit data
MPB STOP
1
—
1
1
S
7-bit data
MPB STOP STOP
Legend:
S
: Start bit
STOP : Stop bit
P
: Parity bit
MPB : Multiprocessor bit
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 468 of 1136
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Clock
Either an internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator or an external clock input at
the SCK pin can be selected as the SCI’s serial clock, according to the setting of the C/A bit in
SMR and the CKE1 and CKE0 bits in SCR. For details of SCI clock source selection, see table
13.9.
When an external clock is input at the SCK pin, the clock frequency should be 16 times the bit rate
used.
When the SCI is operated on an internal clock, the clock can be output from the SCK pin. The
frequency of the clock output in this case is equal to the bit rate, and the phase is such that the
rising edge of the clock is in the middle of the transmit data, as shown in figure 13.3.
0
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
0/1
1
1
1 frame
Figure 13.3 Relation between Output Clock and Transfer Data Phase
(Asynchronous Mode)
Data Transfer Operations
SCI initialization (asynchronous mode): Before transmitting and receiving data, you should first
clear the TE and RE bits in SCR to 0, then initialize the SCI as described below.
When the operating mode, transfer format, etc., is changed, the TE and RE bits must be cleared to
0 before making the change using the following procedure. When the TE bit is cleared to 0, the
TDRE flag is set to 1 and TSR is initialized. Note that clearing the RE bit to 0 does not change the
contents of the RDRF, PER, FER, and ORER flags, or the contents of RDR.
When an external clock is used the clock should not be stopped during operation, including
initialization, since operation is uncertain.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 469 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Figure 13.4 shows a sample SCI initialization flowchart.
[1] Set the clock selection in SCR.
Be sure to clear bits RIE, TIE,
TEIE, and MPIE, and bits TE and
RE, to 0.
Start initialization
Clear TE and RE bits in SCR to 0
Set CKE1 and CKE0 bits in SCR
(TE, RE bits 0)
[1]
Set data transfer format in
SMR and SCMR
[2]
Set value in BRR
[3]
When the clock is selected in
asynchronous mode, it is output
immediately after SCR settings are
made.
[2] Set the data transfer format in SMR
and SCMR.
[3] Write a value corresponding to the
bit rate to BRR. Not necessary if an
external clock is used.
Wait
No
1-bit interval elapsed?
Yes
Set TE and RE bits in
SCR to 1, and set RIE, TIE, TEIE,
and MPIE bits
[4] Wait at least one bit interval, then
set the TE bit or RE bit in SCR to 1.
Also set the RIE, TIE, TEIE, and
MPIE bits.
Setting the TE and RE bits enables
the TxD and RxD pins to be used.
[4]
<Transfer completion>
Figure 13.4 Sample SCI Initialization Flowchart
Serial data transmission (asynchronous mode): Figure 13.5 shows a sample flowchart for serial
transmission.
The following procedure should be used for serial data transmission.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 470 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
[1]
Initialization
Start transmission
Read TDRE flag in SSR
[2]
[2] SCI status check and transmit data
write:
Read SSR and check that the
TDRE flag is set to 1, then write
transmit data to TDR and clear the
TDRE flag to 0.
No
TDRE = 1
Yes
Write transmit data to TDR
and clear TDRE flag in SSR to 0
No
All data transmitted?
Yes
[3]
Read TEND flag in SSR
No
TEND = 1
Yes
No
Break output?
Yes
[1] SCI initialization:
The TxD pin is automatically
designated as the transmit data
output pin.
After the TE bit is set to 1, a frame
of 1s is output, and transmission is
enabled.
[4]
[3] Serial transmission continuation
procedure:
To continue serial transmission,
read 1 from the TDRE flag to
confirm that writing is possible,
then write data to TDR, and then
clear the TDRE flag to 0. Checking
and clearing of the TDRE flag is
automatic when the DTC is
activated by a transmit data
empty interrupt (TXI) request, and
date is written to TDR.
[4] Break output at the end of serial
transmission:
To output a break in serial
transmission, set DDR for the port
corresponding to the TxD pin to 1,
clear DR to 0, then clear the TE bit
in SCR to 0.
Clear DR to 0 and
set DDR to 1
Clear TE bit in SCR to 0
<End>
Figure 13.5 Sample Serial Transmission Flowchart
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
In serial transmission, the SCI operates as described below.
[1] The SCI monitors the TDRE flag in SSR, and if is 0, recognizes that data has been written to
TDR, and transfers the data from TDR to TSR.
[2] After transferring data from TDR to TSR, the SCI sets the TDRE flag to 1 and starts
transmission.
If the TIE bit is set to 1 at this time, a transmit data empty interrupt (TXI) is generated.
The serial transmit data is sent from the TxD pin in the following order.
[a] Start bit:
One 0-bit is output.
[b] Transmit data:
8-bit or 7-bit data is output in LSB-first order.
[c] Parity bit or multiprocessor bit:
One parity bit (even or odd parity), or one multiprocessor bit is output.
A format in which neither a parity bit nor a multiprocessor bit is output can also be
selected.
[d] Stop bit(s):
One or two 1-bits (stop bits) are output.
[e] Mark state:
1 is output continuously until the start bit that starts the next transmission is sent.
[3] The SCI checks the TDRE flag at the timing for sending the stop bit.
If the TDRE flag is cleared to 0, the data is transferred from TDR to TSR, the stop bit is sent,
and then serial transmission of the next frame is started.
If the TDRE flag is set to 1, the TEND flag in SSR is set to 1, the stop bit is sent, and then the
“mark state” is entered in which 1 is output continuously. If the TEIE bit in SCR is set to 1 at
this time, a TEI interrupt request is generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 472 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Figure 13.6 shows an example of the operation for transmission in asynchronous mode.
1
Start
bit
0
Data
D0
D1
Parity Stop Start
bit
bit
bit
D7
0/1
1
0
Data
D0
D1
Parity Stop
bit
bit
D7
0/1
1
1
Idle state
(mark state)
TDRE
TEND
TXI interrupt
Data written to TDR and
request generated TDRE flag cleared to 0 in
TXI interrupt service routine
TXI interrupt
request generated
TEI interrupt
request generated
1 frame
Figure 13.6 Example of Operation in Transmission in Asynchronous Mode
(Example with 8-Bit Data, Parity, One Stop Bit)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 473 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Serial data reception (asynchronous mode): Figure 13.7 shows a sample flowchart for serial
reception.
The following procedure should be used for serial data reception.
Initialization
[1]
Start reception
[1] SCI initialization:
The RxD pin is automatically
designated as the receive data
input pin.
[2] [3] Receive error processing and
break detection:
Read ORER, PER, and
If a receive error occurs, read the
[2]
FER flags in SSR
ORER, PER, and FER flags in
SSR to identify the error. After
performing the appropriate error
Yes
processing, ensure that the
PER ∨ FER ∨ ORER = 1
ORER, PER, and FER flags are
[3]
all cleared to 0. Reception cannot
No
Error processing
be resumed if any of these flags
(Continued on next page) are set to 1. In the case of a
framing error, a break can be
detected by reading the value of
[4]
Read RDRF flag in SSR
the input port corresponding to
the RxD pin.
No
RDRF = 1
[4] SCI status check and receive
data read :
Read SSR and check that RDRF
= 1, then read the receive data in
RDR and clear the RDRF flag to
0. Transition of the RDRF flag
from 0 to 1 can also be identified
by an RXI interrupt.
Yes
Read receive data in RDR, and
clear RDRF flag in SSR to 0
No
All data received?
Yes
Clear RE bit in SCR to 0
<End>
[5]
[5] Serial reception continuation
procedure:
To continue serial reception,
before the stop bit for the current
frame is received, read the
RDRF flag, read RDR, and clear
the RDRF flag to 0. The RDRF
flag is cleared automatically
when DTC is activated by an RXI
interrupt and the RDR value is
read.
Figure 13.7 Sample Serial Reception Data Flowchart
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 474 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
[3]
Error processing
No
ORER = 1
Yes
Overrun error processing
No
FER = 1
Yes
Yes
Break?
No
Framing error processing
Clear RE bit in SCR to 0
No
PER = 1
Yes
Parity error processing
Clear ORER, PER, and
FER flags in SSR to 0
<End>
Figure 13.7 Sample Serial Reception Data Flowchart (cont)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 475 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
In serial reception, the SCI operates as described below.
[1] The SCI monitors the transmission line, and if a 0 start bit is detected, performs internal
synchronization and starts reception.
[2] The received data is stored in RSR in LSB-to-MSB order.
[3] The parity bit and stop bit are received.
After receiving these bits, the SCI carries out the following checks.
[a] Parity check:
The SCI checks whether the number of 1 bits in the receive data agrees with the parity
(even or odd) set in the O/E bit in SMR.
[b] Stop bit check:
The SCI checks whether the stop bit is 1.
If there are two stop bits, only the first is checked.
[c] Status check:
The SCI checks whether the RDRF flag is 0, indicating that the receive data can be
transferred from RSR to RDR.
If all the above checks are passed, the RDRF flag is set to 1, and the receive data is stored in
RDR.
If a receive error* is detected in the error check, the operation is as shown in table 13.11.
Note: * Subsequent receive operations cannot be performed when a receive error has occurred.
Also note that the RDRF flag is not set to 1 in reception, and so the error flags must be
cleared to 0.
[4] If the RIE bit in SCR is set to 1 when the RDRF flag changes to 1, a receive data full interrupt
(RXI) request is generated.
Also, if the RIE bit in SCR is set to 1 when the ORER, PER, or FER flag changes to 1, a
receive error interrupt (ERI) request is generated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 476 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Table 13.11 Receive Errors and Conditions for Occurrence
Receive Error
Abbreviation
Occurrence Condition
Data Transfer
Overrun error
ORER
When the next data reception is
completed while the RDRF flag
in SSR is set to 1
Receive data is not
transferred from RSR to
RDR.
Framing error
FER
When the stop bit is 0
Receive data is transferred
from RSR to RDR.
Parity error
PER
When the received data differs
from the parity (even or odd) set
in SMR
Receive data is transferred
from RSR to RDR.
Figure 13.8 shows an example of the operation for reception in asynchronous mode.
1
Start
bit
0
Data
D0
D1
Parity Stop Start
bit
bit
bit
D7
0/1
1
0
Data
D0
D1
Parity Stop
bit
bit
D7
0/1
0
1
Idle state
(mark state)
RDRF
FER
RXI interrupt
request
generated
RDR data read and RDRF
flag cleared to 0 in RXI
interrupt service routine
ERI interrupt request
generated by framing
error
1 frame
Figure 13.8 Example of SCI Operation in Reception
(Example with 8-Bit Data, Parity, One Stop Bit)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 477 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.3.3
Multiprocessor Communication Function
The multiprocessor communication function performs serial communication using the
multiprocessor format, in which a multiprocessor bit is added to the transfer data, in asynchronous
mode. Use of this function enables data transfer to be performed among a number of processors
sharing transmission lines.
When multiprocessor communication is carried out, each receiving station is addressed by a
unique ID code.
The serial communication cycle consists of two component cycles: an ID transmission cycle
which specifies the receiving station , and a data transmission cycle. The multiprocessor bit is used
to differentiate between the ID transmission cycle and the data transmission cycle.
The transmitting station first sends the ID of the receiving station with which it wants to perform
serial communication as data with a 1 multiprocessor bit added. It then sends transmit data as data
with a 0 multiprocessor bit added.
The receiving station skips the data until data with a 1 multiprocessor bit is sent.
When data with a 1 multiprocessor bit is received, the receiving station compares that data with its
own ID. The station whose ID matches then receives the data sent next. Stations whose ID does
not match continue to skip the data until data with a 1 multiprocessor bit is again received. In this
way, data communication is carried out among a number of processors.
Figure 13.9 shows an example of inter-processor communication using the multiprocessor format.
Data Transfer Format
There are four data transfer formats.
When the multiprocessor format is specified, the parity bit specification is invalid.
For details, see table 13.10.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 478 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Clock
See the section on asynchronous mode.
Transmitting
station
Serial transmission line
Receiving
station A
Receiving
station B
Receiving
station C
Receiving
station D
(ID = 01)
(ID = 02)
(ID = 03)
(ID = 04)
Serial
data
H'AA
H'01
(MPB = 1)
ID transmission cycle =
receiving station
specification
(MPB = 0)
Data transmission cycle =
Data transmission to
receiving station specified by ID
Legend:
MPB: Multiprocessor bit
Figure 13.9 Example of Inter-Processor Communication Using Multiprocessor Format
(Transmission of Data H'AA to Receiving Station A)
Data Transfer Operations
Multiprocessor serial data transmission: Figure 13.10 shows a sample flowchart for
multiprocessor serial data transmission.
The following procedure should be used for multiprocessor serial data transmission.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 479 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
[1] [1] SCI initialization:
Initialization
Start transmission
Read TDRE flag in SSR
[2]
No
TDRE = 1
Yes
Write transmit data to TDR and
set MPBT bit in SSR
Clear TDRE flag to 0
No
All data transmitted?
Yes
Read TEND flag in SSR
No
TEND = 1
Yes
No
Break output?
The TxD pin is automatically
designated as the transmit data
output pin.
After the TE bit is set to 1, a
frame of 1s is output, and
transmission is enabled.
[2] SCI status check and transmit
data write:
Read SSR and check that the
TDRE flag is set to 1, then write
transmit data to TDR. Set the
MPBT bit in SSR to 0 or 1.
Finally, clear the TDRE flag to 0.
[3] Serial transmission continuation
procedure:
To continue serial transmission,
be sure to read 1 from the TDRE
flag to confirm that writing is
[3]
possible, then write data to TDR,
and then clear the TDRE flag to
0. Checking and clearing of the
TDRE flag is automatic when the
DTC is activated by a transmit
data empty interrupt (TXI)
request, and data is written to
TDR.
[4] Break output at the end of serial
transmission:
To output a break in serial
transmission, set the port DDR to
[4]
1, clear DR to 0, then clear the
TE bit in SCR to 0.
Yes
Clear DR to 0 and set DDR to 1
Clear TE bit in SCR to 0
<End>
Figure 13.10 Sample Multiprocessor Serial Transmission Flowchart
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
In serial transmission, the SCI operates as described below.
[1] The SCI monitors the TDRE flag in SSR, and if is 0, recognizes that data has been written to
TDR, and transfers the data from TDR to TSR.
[2] After transferring data from TDR to TSR, the SCI sets the TDRE flag to 1 and starts
transmission.
If the TIE bit in SCR is set to 1 at this time, a transmit data empty interrupt (TXI) is generated.
The serial transmit data is sent from the TxD pin in the following order.
[a] Start bit:
One 0-bit is output.
[b] Transmit data:
8-bit or 7-bit data is output in LSB-first order.
[c] Multiprocessor bit
One multiprocessor bit (MPBT value) is output.
[d] Stop bit(s):
One or two 1-bits (stop bits) are output.
[e] Mark state:
1 is output continuously until the start bit that starts the next transmission is sent.
[3] The SCI checks the TDRE flag at the timing for sending the stop bit.
If the TDRE flag is cleared to 0, data is transferred from TDR to TSR, the stop bit is sent, and
then serial transmission of the next frame is started.
If the TDRE flag is set to 1, the TEND flag in SSR is set to 1, the stop bit is sent, and then the
mark state is entered in which 1 is output continuously. If the TEIE bit in SCR is set to 1 at this
time, a transmission end interrupt (TEI) request is generated.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Figure 13.11 shows an example of SCI operation for transmission using the multiprocessor
format.
1
Start
bit
0
Multiprocessor Stop
bit
bit
Data
D0
D1
D7
0/1
1
Start
bit
0
Multiproces- Stop
1
sor bit bit
Data
D0
D1
D7
0/1
1
Idle state
(mark state)
TDRE
TEND
TXI interrupt
request generated
Data written to TDR
and TDRE flag cleared to
0 in TXI interrupt service
routine
TXI interrupt
request generated
TEI interrupt
request generated
1 frame
Figure 13.11 Example of SCI Operation in Transmission
(Example with 8-Bit Data, Multiprocessor Bit, One Stop Bit)
Multiprocessor serial data reception: Figure 13.12 shows a sample flowchart for multiprocessor
serial reception.
The following procedure should be used for multiprocessor serial data reception.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Initialization
[1]
[1] SCI initialization:
The RxD pin is automatically
designated as the receive data
input pin.
[2]
[2] ID reception cycle:
Set the MPIE bit in SCR to 1.
Start reception
Set MPIE bit in SCR to 1
Read ORER and FER flags in SSR
FER ∨ ORER = 1
[3] SCI status check, ID reception
and comparison:
Read SSR and check that the
RDRF flag is set to 1, then read
the receive data in RDR and
compare it with this station’s ID.
If the data is not this station’s ID,
set the MPIE bit to 1 again, and
clear the RDRF flag to 0.
If the data is this station’s ID,
clear the RDRF flag to 0.
Yes
No
Read RDRF flag in SSR
[3]
No
RDRF = 1
Yes
[4] SCI status check and data
reception:
Read SSR and check that the
RDRF flag is set to 1, then read
the data in RDR.
Read receive data in RDR
No
This station’s ID?
Yes
[5] Receive error processing and
break detection:
If a receive error occurs, read the
ORER and FER flags in SSR to
identify the error. After
performing the appropriate error
processing, ensure that the
ORER and FER flags are all
cleared to 0.
Reception cannot be resumed if
either of these flags is set to 1.
In the case of a framing error, a
break can be detected by reading
the RxD pin value.
Read ORER and FER flags in SSR
FER ∨ ORER = 1
Yes
No
Read RDRF flag in SSR
[4]
No
RDRF = 1
Yes
Read receive data in RDR
No
All data received?
[5]
Error processing
Yes
Clear RE bit in SCR to 0
(Continued on
next page)
<End>
Figure 13.12 Sample Multiprocessor Serial Reception Flowchart
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
[5]
Error processing
No
ORER = 1
Yes
Overrun error processing
No
FER = 1
Yes
Yes
Break?
No
Framing error processing
Clear RE bit in SCR to 0
Clear ORER, PER, and
FER flags in SSR to 0
<End>
Figure 13.12 Sample Multiprocessor Serial Reception Flowchart (cont)
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Figure 13.13 shows an example of SCI operation for multiprocessor format reception.
1
Start
bit
0
Data (ID1)
MPB
D0
D1
D7
1
Stop
bit
Start
bit
1
0
Data (Data1)
MPB
D0
D1
D7
0
Stop
bit
1
1 Idle state
(mark state)
MPIE
RDRF
RDR
value
ID1
RXI interrupt
request
(multiprocessor
interrupt)
generated
MPIE = 0
RDR data read
and RDRF flag
cleared to 0 in
RXI interrupt
service routine
If not this station’s ID, RXI interrupt request is
MPIE bit is set to 1
not generated, and RDR
again
retains its state
(a) Data does not match station’s ID
1
Start
bit
0
Data (ID2)
MPB
D0
D1
D7
1
Stop
bit
Start
bit
1
0
Data (Data2)
MPB
D0
D1
D7
0
Stop
bit
1
1 Idle state
(mark state)
MPIE
RDRF
RDR
value
ID2
ID1
MPIE = 0
RXI interrupt
request
(multiprocessor
interrupt)
generated
RDR data read and
RDRF flag cleared
to 0 in RXI interrupt
service routine
Matches this station’s ID,
so reception continues, and
data is received in RXI
interrupt service routine
Data2
MPIE bit set to 1
again
(b) Data matches station’s ID
Figure 13.13 Example of SCI Operation in Reception
(Example with 8-Bit Data, Multiprocessor Bit, One Stop Bit)
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.3.4
Operation in Clocked Synchronous Mode
In clocked synchronous mode, data is transmitted or received in synchronization with clock
pulses, making it suitable for high-speed serial communication.
Inside the SCI, the transmitter and receiver are independent units, enabling full-duplex
communication by use of a common clock. Both the transmitter and the receiver also have a
double-buffered structure, so that data can be read or written during transmission or reception,
enabling continuous data transfer.
Figure 13.14 shows the general format for clocked synchronous serial communication.
One unit of transfer data (character or frame)
*
*
Serial
clock
LSB
Serial
data
Bit 0
MSB
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
Don’t care
Don’t care
Note: * High except in continuous transfer
Figure 13.14 Data Format in Synchronous Communication
In clocked synchronous serial communication, data on the transmission line is output from one
falling edge of the serial clock to the next. Data confirmation is guaranteed at the rising edge of
the serial clock.
In clocked serial communication, one character consists of data output starting with the LSB and
ending with the MSB. After the MSB is output, the transmission line holds the MSB state.
In clocked synchronous mode, the SCI receives data in synchronization with the rising edge of the
serial clock.
Data Transfer Format
A fixed 8-bit data format is used.
No parity or multiprocessor bits are added.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Clock
Either an internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator or an external serial clock
input at the SCK pin can be selected, according to the setting of the C/A bit in SMR and the CKE1
and CKE0 bits in SCR. For details of SCI clock source selection, see table 13.9.
When the SCI is operated on an internal clock, the serial clock is output from the SCK pin.
Eight serial clock pulses are output in the transfer of one character, and when no transfer is
performed the clock is fixed high. When only receive operations are performed, however, the
serial clock is output until an overrun error occurs or the RE bit is cleared to 0. If you want to
perform receive operations in units of one character, you should select an external clock as the
clock source.
Data Transfer Operations
SCI initialization (clocked synchronous mode): Before transmitting and receiving data, you
should first clear the TE and RE bits in SCR to 0, then initialize the SCI as described below.
When the operating mode, transfer format, etc., is changed, the TE and RE bits must be cleared to
0 before making the change using the following procedure. When the TE bit is cleared to 0, the
TDRE flag is set to 1 and TSR is initialized. Note that clearing the RE bit to 0 does not change the
contents of the RDRF, PER, FER, and ORER flags, or the contents of RDR.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Figure 13.15 shows a sample SCI initialization flowchart.
[1] Set the clock selection in SCR. Be sure
to clear bits RIE, TIE, TEIE, and MPIE,
TE and RE, to 0.
Start initialization
Clear TE and RE bits in SCR to 0
[2] Set the data transfer format in SMR
and SCMR.
Set CKE1 and CKE0 bits in SCR
(TE, RE bits 0)
[1]
Set data transfer format in
SMR and SCMR
[2]
Set value in BRR
[3]
Wait
No
[3] Write a value corresponding to the bit
rate to BRR. Not necessary if an
external clock is used.
[4] Wait at least one bit interval, then set
the TE bit or RE bit in SCR to 1.
Also set the RIE, TIE, TEIE, and MPIE
bits.
Setting the TE and RE bits enables the
TxD and RxD pins to be used.
1-bit interval elapsed?
Yes
Set TE and RE bits in SCR to 1, and
set RIE, TIE, TEIE, and MPIE bits
[4]
<Transfer start>
Note: In simultaneous transmit and receive operations, the TE and RE bits should both be cleared
to 0 or set to 1 simultaneously.
Figure 13.15 Sample SCI Initialization Flowchart
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Serial data transmission (clocked synchronous mode): Figure 13.16 shows a sample flowchart
for serial transmission.
The following procedure should be used for serial data transmission.
[1]
Initialization
Start transmission
Read TDRE flag in SSR
[2]
No
TDRE = 1
Yes
Write transmit data to TDR and
clear TDRE flag in SSR to 0
No
All data transmitted?
[3]
Yes
Read TEND flag in SSR
[1] SCI initialization:
The TxD pin is automatically
designated as the transmit data output
pin.
[2] SCI status check and transmit data
write:
Read SSR and check that the TDRE
flag is set to 1, then write transmit data
to TDR and clear the TDRE flag to 0.
[3] Serial transmission continuation
procedure:
To continue serial transmission, be
sure to read 1 from the TDRE flag to
confirm that writing is possible, then
write data to TDR, and then clear the
TDRE flag to 0.
Checking and clearing of the TDRE
flag is automatic when the DTC is
activated by a transmit data empty
interrupt (TXI) request and data is
written to TDR.
No
TEND = 1
Yes
Clear TE bit in SCR to 0
<End>
Figure 13.16 Sample Serial Transmission Flowchart
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
In serial transmission, the SCI operates as described below.
[1] The SCI monitors the TDRE flag in SSR, and if is 0, recognizes that data has been written to
TDR, and transfers the data from TDR to TSR.
[2] After transferring data from TDR to TSR, the SCI sets the TDRE flag to 1 and starts
transmission. If the TIE bit in SCR is set to 1 at this time, a transmit data empty interrupt
(TXI) is generated.
When clock output mode has been set, the SCI outputs 8 serial clock pulses. When use of an
external clock has been specified, data is output synchronized with the input clock.
The serial transmit data is sent from the TxD pin starting with the LSB (bit 0) and ending with
the MSB (bit 7).
[3] The SCI checks the TDRE flag at the timing for sending the MSB (bit 7).
If the TDRE flag is cleared to 0, data is transferred from TDR to TSR, and serial transmission
of the next frame is started.
If the TDRE flag is set to 1, the TEND flag in SSR is set to 1, the MSB (bit 7) is sent, and the
TxD pin maintains its state.
If the TEIE bit in SCR is set to 1 at this time, a TEI interrupt request is generated.
[4] After completion of serial transmission, the SCK pin is fixed high.
Figure 13.17 shows an example of SCI operation in transmission.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Transfer direction
Serial clock
Serial data
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 7
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 6
Bit 7
TDRE
TEND
TXI interrupt
request generated
Data written to TDR
TXI interrupt
and TDRE flag
request generated
cleared to 0 in TXI
interrupt service routine
TEI interrupt
request generated
1 frame
Figure 13.17 Example of SCI Operation in Transmission
Serial data reception (clocked synchronous mode): Figure 13.18 shows a sample flowchart for
serial reception.
The following procedure should be used for serial data reception.
When changing the operating mode from asynchronous to clocked synchronous, be sure to check
that the ORER, PER, and FER flags are all cleared to 0.
The RDRF flag will not be set if the FER or PER flag is set to 1, and neither transmit nor receive
operations will be possible.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
[1]
Initialization
Start reception
[2]
Read ORER flag in SSR
Yes
ORER = 1
[3]
No
Error processing
(Continued below)
Read RDRF flag in SSR
[4]
No
RDRF = 1
Yes
Read receive data in RDR, and
clear RDRF flag in SSR to 0
No
All data received?
Yes
Clear RE bit in SCR to 0
[5]
[1]
SCI initialization:
The RxD pin is automatically
designated as the receive data
input pin.
[2] [3] Receive error processing:
If a receive error occurs, read the
ORER flag in SSR , and after
performing the appropriate error
processing, clear the ORER flag
to 0. Transfer cannot be resumed
if the ORER flag is set to 1.
[4] SCI status check and receive
data read:
Read SSR and check that the
RDRF flag is set to 1, then read
the receive data in RDR and
clear the RDRF flag to 0.
Transition of the RDRF flag from
0 to 1 can also be identified by
an RXI interrupt.
[5] Serial reception continuation
procedure:
To continue serial reception,
before the MSB (bit 7) of the
current frame is received, finish
reading the RDRF flag, reading
RDR, and clearing the RDRF flag
to 0. The RDRF flag is cleared
automatically when the DTC is
activated by a receive data full
interrupt (RXI) request and the
RDR value is read.
<End>
[3]
Error processing
Overrun error processing
Clear ORER flag in SSR to 0
<End>
Figure 13.18 Sample Serial Reception Flowchart
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
In serial reception, the SCI operates as described below.
[1] The SCI performs internal initialization in synchronization with serial clock input or output.
[2] The received data is stored in RSR in LSB-to-MSB order.
After reception, the SCI checks whether the RDRF flag is 0 and the receive data can be
transferred from RSR to RDR.
If this check is passed, the RDRF flag is set to 1, and the receive data is stored in RDR. If a
receive error is detected in the error check, the operation is as shown in table 13.11.
Neither transmit nor receive operations can be performed subsequently when a receive error
has been found in the error check.
[3] If the RIE bit in SCR is set to 1 when the RDRF flag changes to 1, a receive data full interrupt
(RXI) request is generated.
Also, if the RIE bit in SCR is set to 1 when the ORER flag changes to 1, a receive error
interrupt (ERI) request is generated.
Figure 13.19 shows an example of SCI operation in reception.
Serial
clock
Serial
data
Bit 7
Bit 0
Bit 7
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 6
Bit 7
RDRF
ORER
RXI interrupt request
generated
RDR data read and
RDRF flag cleared to 0
in RXI interrupt service
routine
RXI interrupt request
generated
ERI interrupt request
generated by overrun
error
1 frame
Figure 13.19 Example of SCI Operation in Reception
Simultaneous serial data transmission and reception (clocked synchronous mode): Figure
13.20 shows a sample flowchart for simultaneous serial transmit and receive operations.
The following procedure should be used for simultaneous serial data transmit and receive
operations.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Initialization
[1] SCI initialization:
[1]
The TxD pin is designated as the
transmit data output pin, and the
RxD pin is designated as the
receive data input pin, enabling
simultaneous transmit and receive
operations.
Start transmission/reception
Read TDRE flag in SSR
[2]
[2] SCI status check and transmit data
write:
Read SSR and check that the
TDRE flag is set to 1, then write
transmit data to TDR and clear the
TDRE flag to 0.
Transition of the TDRE flag from 0
to 1 can also be identified by a TXI
interrupt.
No
TDRE = 1
Yes
Write transmit data to TDR and
clear TDRE flag in SSR to 0
[3] Receive error processing:
If a receive error occurs, read the
ORER flag in SSR , and after
performing the appropriate error
processing, clear the ORER flag to
0. Transmission/reception cannot be
resumed if the ORER flag is set to
1.
Read ORER flag in SSR
ORER = 1
No
Read RDRF flag in SSR
Yes
[3]
Error processing
[4] SCI status check and receive data
read:
Read SSR and check that the
RDRF flag is set to 1, then read the
receive data in RDR and clear the
RDRF flag to 0. Transition of the
RDRF flag from 0 to 1 can also be
identified by an RXI interrupt.
[4]
No
RDRF = 1
Yes
[5] Serial transmission/reception
Read receive data in RDR, and
clear RDRF flag in SSR to 0
No
All data received?
[5]
Yes
Clear TE and RE bits in SCR to 0
<End>
Note: When switching from transmit or receive operation to simultaneous
transmit and receive operations, first clear the TE bit and RE bit to
0, then set both these bits to 1 simultaneously.
continuation procedure:
To continue serial transmission/
reception, before the MSB (bit 7) of
the current frame is received, finish
reading the RDRF flag, reading
RDR, and clearing the RDRF flag to
0. Also, before the MSB (bit 7) of
the current frame is transmitted,
read 1 from the TDRE flag to
confirm that writing is possible.
Then write data to TDR and clear
the TDRE flag to 0.
Checking and clearing of the TDRE
flag is automatic when the DTC is
activated by a transmit data empty
interrupt (TXI) request and data is
written to TDR. Also, the RDRF flag
is cleared automatically when the
DTC is activated by a receive data
full interrupt (RXI) request and the
RDR value is read.
Figure 13.20 Sample Flowchart of Simultaneous Serial Transmit and Receive Operations
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
13.4
SCI Interrupts
The SCI has four interrupt sources: the transmit-end interrupt (TEI) request, receive-error interrupt
(ERI) request, receive-data-full interrupt (RXI) request, and transmit-data-empty interrupt (TXI)
request. Table 13.12 shows the interrupt sources and their relative priorities. Individual interrupt
sources can be enabled or disabled with the TIE, RIE, and TEIE bits in the SCR. Each kind of
interrupt request is sent to the interrupt controller independently.
When the TDRE flag in SSR is set to 1, a TXI interrupt request is generated. When the TEND flag
in SSR is set to 1, a TEI interrupt request is generated. A TXI interrupt can activate the DTC to
perform data transfer. The TDRE flag is cleared to 0 automatically when data transfer is
performed by the DTC. The DTC cannot be activated by a TEI interrupt request.
When the RDRF flag in SSR is set to 1, an RXI interrupt request is generated. When the ORER,
PER, or FER flag in SSR is set to 1, an ERI interrupt request is generated. An RXI interrupt can
activate the DTC to perform data transfer. The RDRF flag is cleared to 0 automatically when data
transfer is performed by the DTC. The DTC cannot be activated by an ERI interrupt request.
Table 13.12 SCI Interrupt Sources
Channel
Interrupt
Source Description
0
ERI
Interrupt due to receive error (ORER, FER, or PER) Not possible High
RXI
Interrupt due to receive data full state (RDRF)
Possible
TXI
Interrupt due to transmit data empty state (TDRE)
Possible
TEI
Interrupt due to transmission end (TEND)
Not possible
ERI
Interrupt due to receive error (ORER, FER, or PER) Not possible
1
DTC
Activation
RXI
Interrupt due to receive data full state (RDRF)
Possible
TXI
Interrupt due to transmit data empty state (TDRE)
Possible
TEI
Interrupt due to transmission end (TEND)
Not possible
2
ERI
(H8S/2648, RXI
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647) TXI
TEI
Priority*
Interrupt due to receive error (ORER, FER, or PER) Not possible
Interrupt due to receive data full state (RDRF)
Possible
Interrupt due to transmit data empty state (TDRE)
Possible
Interrupt due to transmission end (TEND)
Not possible Low
Note: * This table shows the initial state immediately after a reset. Relative priorities among
channels can be changed by means of the interrupt controller.
A TEI interrupt is requested when the TEND flag is set to 1 while the TEIE bit is set to 1. The
TEND flag is cleared at the same time as the TDRE flag. Consequently, if a TEI interrupt and a
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
TXI interrupt are requested simultaneously, the TXI interrupt may have priority for acceptance,
with the result that the TDRE and TEND flags are cleared. Note that the TEI interrupt will not be
accepted in this case.
13.5
Usage Notes
The following points should be noted when using the SCI.
Relation between Writes to TDR and the TDRE Flag
The TDRE flag in SSR is a status flag that indicates that transmit data has been transferred from
TDR to TSR. When the SCI transfers data from TDR to TSR, the TDRE flag is set to 1.
Data can be written to TDR regardless of the state of the TDRE flag. However, if new data is
written to TDR when the TDRE flag is cleared to 0, the data stored in TDR will be lost since it has
not yet been transferred to TSR. It is therefore essential to check that the TDRE flag is set to 1
before writing transmit data to TDR.
Operation when Multiple Receive Errors Occur Simultaneously
If a number of receive errors occur at the same time, the state of the status flags in SSR is as
shown in table 13.13. If there is an overrun error, data is not transferred from RSR to RDR, and
the receive data is lost.
Table 13.13 State of SSR Status Flags and Transfer of Receive Data
SSR Status Flags
RDRF
ORER
FER
PER
Receive Data Transfer
RSR to RDR
Receive Error Status
1
1
0
0
X
Overrun error
0
0
1
0
Framing error
0
0
0
1
Parity error
1
1
1
0
X
Overrun error + framing error
1
1
0
1
X
Overrun error + parity error
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
Framing error + parity error
X
Legend:
: Receive data is transferred from RSR to RDR.
X : Receive data is not transferred from RSR to RDR.
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Overrun error + framing error +
parity error
Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Break Detection and Processing (Asynchronous Mode Only): When framing error (FER)
detection is performed, a break can be detected by reading the RxD pin value directly. In a break,
the input from the RxD pin becomes all 0s, and so the FER flag is set, and the parity error flag
(PER) may also be set.
Note that, since the SCI continues the receive operation after receiving a break, even if the FER
flag is cleared to 0, it will be set to 1 again.
Sending a Break (Asynchronous Mode Only): The TxD pin has a dual function as an I/O port
whose direction (input or output) is determined by DR and DDR. This can be used to send a break.
Between serial transmission initialization and setting of the TE bit to 1, the mark state is replaced
by the value of DR (the pin does not function as the TxD pin until the TE bit is set to 1).
Consequently, DDR and DR for the port corresponding to the TxD pin are first set to 1.
To send a break during serial transmission, first clear DR to 0, then clear the TE bit to 0.
When the TE bit is cleared to 0, the transmitter is initialized regardless of the current transmission
state, the TxD pin becomes an I/O port, and 0 is output from the TxD pin.
Receive Error Flags and Transmit Operations (Clocked Synchronous Mode Only):
Transmission cannot be started when a receive error flag (ORER, PER, or FER) is set to 1, even if
the TDRE flag is cleared to 0. Be sure to clear the receive error flags to 0 before starting
transmission.
Note also that receive error flags cannot be cleared to 0 even if the RE bit is cleared to 0.
Receive Data Sampling Timing and Reception Margin in Asynchronous Mode:
In asynchronous mode, the SCI operates on a basic clock with a frequency of 16 times the transfer
rate.
In reception, the SCI samples the falling edge of the start bit using the basic clock, and performs
internal synchronization. Receive data is latched internally at the rising edge of the 8th pulse of the
basic clock. This is illustrated in figure 13.21.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
16 clocks
8 clocks
0
7
15 0
7
15 0
Internal basic
clock
Receive data
(RxD)
Start bit
D0
D1
Synchronization
sampling timing
Data sampling
timing
Figure 13.21 Receive Data Sampling Timing in Asynchronous Mode
Thus the reception margin in asynchronous mode is given by formula (1) below.
1
M = | (0.5 –
2N
) – (L – 0.5) F –
| D – 0.5 |
N
(1 + F) | × 100%
... Formula (1)
Where M
N
D
L
F
: Reception margin (%)
: Ratio of bit rate to clock (N = 16)
: Clock duty (D = 0 to 1.0)
: Frame length (L = 9 to 12)
: Absolute value of clock rate deviation
Assuming values of F = 0 and D = 0.5 in formula (1), a reception margin of 46.875% is given by
formula (2) below.
When D = 0.5 and F = 0,
M = (0.5 –
1
2 × 16
) × 100%
= 46.875%
... Formula (2)
However, this is only the computed value, and a margin of 20% to 30% should be allowed in
system design.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 498 of 1136
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Restrictions on Use of DTC
• When an external clock source is used as the serial clock, the transmit clock should not be
input until at least 5 φ clock cycles after TDR is updated by the DTC. Misoperation may occur
if the transmit clock is input within 4 φ clocks after TDR is updated. (Figure 13.22)
• When RDR is read by the DTC, be sure to set the activation source to the relevant SCI
reception end interrupt (RXI).
SCK
t
TDRE
LSB
Serial data
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Note: When operating on an external clock, set t >4 clocks.
Figure 13.22 Example of Clocked Synchronous Transmission by DTC
Operation in Case of Mode Transition
• Transmission
Operation should be stopped (by clearing TE, TIE, and TEIE to 0) before making a module
stop mode, software standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, or subsleep mode transition.
TSR, TDR, and SSR are reset. The output pin states in module stop mode, software standby
mode, watch mode, subactive mode, or subsleep mode depend on the port settings, and
becomes high-level output after the relevant mode is cleared. If a transition is made during
transmission, the data being transmitted will be undefined. When transmitting without
changing the transmit mode after the relevant mode is cleared, transmission can be started by
setting TE to 1 again, and performing the following sequence: SSR read → TDR write →
TDRE clearance. To transmit with a different transmit mode after clearing the relevant mode,
the procedure must be started again from initialization. Figure 13.23 shows a sample flowchart
for mode transition during transmission. Port pin states are shown in figures 13.24 and 13.25.
Operation should also be stopped (by clearing TE, TIE, and TEIE to 0) before making a
transition from transmission by DTC transfer to module stop mode, software standby mode,
watch mode, subacti\ve mode, or subsleep mode transition. To perform transmission with the
DTC after the relevant mode is cleared, setting TE and TIE to 1 will set the TXI flag and start
DTC transmission.
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
• Reception
Receive operation should be stopped (by clearing RE to 0) before making a module stop mode,
software standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, or subsleep mode transition. RSR,
RDR, and SSR are reset. If a transition is made without stopping operation, the data being
received will be invalid.
To continue receiving without changing the reception mode after the relevant mode is cleared,
set RE to 1 before starting reception. To receive with a different receive mode, the procedure
must be started again from initialization.
Figure 13.26 shows a sample flowchart for mode transition during reception.
<Transmission>
No
All data
transmitted?
[1]
Yes
Read TEND flag in SSR
No
TEND = 1
Yes
TE = 0
[1] Data being transmitted is interrupted.
After exiting software standby mode,
etc., normal CPU transmission is
possible by setting TE to 1, reading
SSR, writing TDR, and clearing
TDRE to 0, but note that if the DTC
has been activated, the remaining
data in DTCRAM will be transmitted
when TE and TIE are set to 1.
[2] If TIE and TEIE are set to 1, clear
them to 0 in the same way.
[2]
[3] Includes module stop mode.
Transition to software
standby mode, etc.
[3]
Exit from software
standby mode, etc.
Change
operating mode?
No
Yes
Initialization
TE = 1
<Start of transmission>
Figure 13.23 Sample Flowchart for Mode Transition during Transmission
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
End of
transmission
Start of transmission
Transition
to software
standby
Exit from
software
standby
TE bit
Port input/output
SCK output pin
TxD output pin
Port input/output
High output
Port
Start
Stop
Port input/output
SCI TxD
output
Port
SCI TxD output
High output
Figure 13.24 Asynchronous Transmission Using Internal Clock
Start of transmission
End of
transmission
Transition
to software
standby
Exit from
software
standby
TE bit
Port input/output
SCK output pin
TxD output pin Port input/output
Last TxD bit held
Marking output
Port
SCI TxD output
Port input/output
Port
High output*
SCI TxD
output
Note: * Initialized by software standby.
Figure 13.25 Synchronous Transmission Using Internal Clock
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
<Reception>
Read RDRF flag in SSR
RDRF = 1
No
[1]
[1] Receive data being received
becomes invalid.
[2]
[2] Includes module stop mode.
Yes
Read receive data in RDR
RE = 0
Transition to software
standby mode, etc.
Exit from software
standby mode, etc.
Change
operating mode?
No
Yes
Initialization
RE = 1
<Start of reception>
Figure 13.26 Sample Flowchart for Mode Transition during Reception
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
Switching from SCK Pin Function to Port Pin Function
• Problem in Operation
When switching the SCK pin function to the output port function (high-level output) by
making the following settings while DDR = 1, DR = 1, C/A = 1, CKE1 = 0, CKE0 = 0, and TE
= 1 (synchronous mode), low-level output occurs for one half-cycle.
1.
2.
3.
4.
End of serial data transmission
TE bit = 0
C/A bit = 0 ... switchover to port output
Occurrence of low-level output (see figure 13.27)
Half-cycle low-level output
SCK/port
1. End of transmission
Data
TE
C/A
Bit 6
4. Low-level output
Bit 7
2. TE = 0
3. C/A = 0
CKE1
CKE0
Figure 13.27 Operation when Switching from SCK Pin Function to Port Pin Function
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Section 13 Serial Communication Interface (SCI)
• Sample Procedure for Avoiding Low-Level Output
As this sample procedure temporarily places the SCK pin in the input state, the SCK/port pin
should be pulled up beforehand with an external circuit.
With DDR = 1, DR = 1, C/A = 1, CKE1 = 0, CKE0 = 0, and TE = 1, make the following
settings in the order shown.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
End of serial data transmission
TE bit = 0
CKE1 bit = 1
C/A bit = 0 ... switchover to port output
CKE1 bit = 0
High-level output
SCK/port
1. End of transmission
Data
TE
Bit 6
Bit 7
2. TE = 0
4. C/A = 0
C/A
3. CKE1 = 1
CKE1
5. CKE1 = 0
CKE0
Figure 13.28 Operation when Switching from SCK Pin Function to Port Pin Function
(Example of Preventing Low-Level Output)
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.1
Overview
SCI supports an IC card (Smart Card) interface conforming to ISO/IEC 7816-3 (Identification
Card) as a serial communication interface extension function.
Switching between the normal serial communication interface and the Smart Card interface is
carried out by means of a register setting.
14.1.1
Features
Features of the Smart Card interface supported by the H8S/2646 Group are as follows.
• Asynchronous mode
 Data length: 8 bits
 Parity bit generation and checking
 Transmission of error signal (parity error) in receive mode
 Error signal detection and automatic data retransmission in transmit mode
 Direct convention and inverse convention both supported
• On-chip baud rate generator allows any bit rate to be selected
• Three interrupt sources
 Three interrupt sources (transmit data empty, receive data full, and transmit/receive error)
that can issue requests independently
 The transmit data empty interrupt and receive data full interrupt can activate the data
transfer controller (DTC) to execute data transfer
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.1.2
Block Diagram
Bus interface
Figure 14.1 shows a block diagram of the Smart Card interface.
Module data bus
RDR
RxD
TxD
RSR
TDR
SCMR
SSR
SCR
SMR
TSR
BRR
φ
Baud rate
generator
Transmission/
reception control
Parity generation
φ/4
φ/16
φ/64
Clock
Parity check
SCK
Legend:
SCMR : Smart Card mode register
RSR : Receive shift register
RDR : Receive data register
TSR : Transmit shift register
TDR : Transmit data register
SMR : Serial mode register
SCR : Serial control register
SSR : Serial status register
BRR : Bit rate register
TXI
RXI
ERI
Figure 14.1 Block Diagram of Smart Card Interface
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Internal
data bus
Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 14.1 shows the Smart Card interface pin configuration.
Table 14.1 Smart Card Interface Pins
Channel
Pin Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
0
Serial clock pin 0
SCK0
I/O
SCI0 clock input/output
Receive data pin 0
RxD0
Input
SCI0 receive data input
Transmit data pin 0
TxD0
Output
SCI0 transmit data output
Serial clock pin 1
SCK1
I/O
SCI1 clock input/output
Receive data pin 1
RxD1
Input
SCI1 receive data input
Transmit data pin 1
TxD1
Output
SCI1 transmit data output
1
2
(H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647)
Serial clock pin 2
SCK2
I/O
SCI2 clock input/output
Receive data pin 2
RxD2
Input
SCI2 receive data input
Transmit data pin 2
TxD2
Output
SCI2 transmit data output
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.1.4
Register Configuration
Table 14.2 shows the registers used by the Smart Card interface. Details of SMR, BRR, SCR,
TDR, RDR, and MSTPCR are the same as for the normal SCI function: see the register
descriptions in section 13, Serial Communication Interface (SCI).
Table 14.2 Smart Card Interface Registers
Channel
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
0
Serial mode register 0
SMR0
R/W
H'00
H'FF78
Bit rate register 0
BRR0
R/W
H'FF
H'FF79
Serial control register 0
SCR0
R/W
H'00
H'FF7A
Transmit data register 0
TDR0
Serial status register 0
SSR0
R/W
H'FF
R/(W)*2 H'84
H'FF7C
Receive data register 0
RDR0
R
H'00
H'FF7D
Smart card mode
register 0
SCMR0
R/W
H'F2
H'FF7E
1
2
(H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647)
All
H'FF7B
Serial mode register 1
SMR1
R/W
H'00
H'FF80
Bit rate register 1
BRR1
R/W
H'FF
H'FF81
Serial control register 1
SCR1
R/W
H'00
H'FF82
Transmit data register 1
TDR1
R/W
H'FF83
Serial status register 1
SSR1
H'FF
2
*
R/(W)
H'84
H'FF84
Receive data register 1
RDR1
R
H'FF85
H'00
Smart card mode register 1
SCMR1
R/W
H'F2
H'FF86
Serial mode register 2
SMR2
R/W
H'00
H'FF88
Bit rate register 2
BRR2
R/W
H'FF
H'FF89
Serial control register 2
SCR2
R/W
H'00
H'FF8A
Transmit data register 2
TDR2
R/W
H'FF8B
H'FF8C
Serial status register 2
SSR2
H'FF
2
*
R/(W)
H'84
Receive data register 2
RDR2
R
H'00
H'FF8D
Smart card mode register 2
SCMR2
R/W
H'F2
H'FF8E
R/W
H'FF
H'FDE9
Module stop control register B MSTPCRB
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.2
Register Descriptions
Registers added with the Smart Card interface and bits for which the function changes are
described here.
14.2.1
Bit
Smart Card Mode Register (SCMR)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
SDIR
SINV
—
SMIF
Initial value :
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
R/W
—
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
:
SCMR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that selects the Smart Card interface function.
SCMR is initialized to H'F2 by a reset and in standby mode.
Bits 7 to 4—Reserved: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 3—Smart Card Data Transfer Direction (SDIR): Selects the serial/parallel conversion
format.
Bit 3
SDIR
Description
0
TDR contents are transmitted LSB-first
(Initial value)
Receive data is stored in RDR LSB-first
1
TDR contents are transmitted MSB-first
Receive data is stored in RDR MSB-first
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Bit 2—Smart Card Data Invert (SINV): Specifies inversion of the data logic level. This
function is used together with the SDIR bit for communication with an inverse convention card.
The SINV bit does not affect the logic level of the parity bit. For parity-related setting procedures,
see section 14.3.4, Register Settings.
Bit 2
SINV
Description
0
TDR contents are transmitted as they are
(Initial value)
Receive data is stored as it is in RDR
1
TDR contents are inverted before being transmitted
Receive data is stored in inverted form in RDR
Bit 1—Reserved: It is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 0—Smart Card Interface Mode Select (SMIF): Enables or disables the Smart Card interface
function.
Bit 0
SMIF
Description
0
Smart Card interface function is disabled
1
Smart Card interface function is enabled
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 510 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.2.2
Serial Status Register (SSR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TDRE
RDRF
ORER
ERS
PER
TEND
MPB
MPBT
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R
R
R/W
Note: * Only 0 can be written, to clear these flags.
Bit 4 of SSR has a different function in Smart Card interface mode. Coupled with this, the setting
conditions for bit 2, TEND, are also different.
Bits 7 to 5—Operate in the same way as for the normal SCI. For details, see section 13.2.7, Serial
Status Register (SSR).
Bit 4—Error Signal Status (ERS): In Smart Card interface mode, bit 4 indicates the status of the
error signal sent back from the receiving end in transmission. Framing errors are not detected in
Smart Card interface mode.
Bit 4
ERS
Description
0
Normal reception, with no error signal
(Initial value)
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
Upon reset, and in standby mode or module stop mode
•
When 0 is written to ERS after reading ERS = 1
Error signal sent from receiver indicating detection of parity error
[Setting condition]
When the low level of the error signal is sampled
Note: Clearing the TE bit in SCR to 0 does not affect the ERS flag, which retains its previous
state.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Bits 3 to 0—Operate in the same way as for the normal SCI. For details, see section 13.2.7, Serial
Status Register (SSR).
However, the setting conditions for the TEND bit, are as shown below.
Bit 2
TEND
Description
0
Transmission is in progress
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
When 0 is written to TDRE after reading TDRE = 1
•
When the DTC is activated by a TXI interrupt and write data to TDR
(Initial value)
Transmission has ended
[Setting conditions]
•
Upon reset, and in standby mode or module stop mode
•
When the TE bit in SCR is 0 and the ERS bit is also 0
•
When TDRE = 1 and ERS = 0 (normal transmission) 2.5 etu after transmission of a
1-byte serial character when GM = 0 and BLK = 0
•
When TDRE = 1 and ERS = 0 (normal transmission) 1.5 etu after transmission of a
1-byte serial character when GM = 0 and BLK = 1
•
When TDRE = 1 and ERS = 0 (normal transmission) 1.0 etu after transmission of a
1-byte serial character when GM = 1 and BLK = 0
•
When TDRE = 1 and ERS = 0 (normal transmission) 1.0 etu after transmission of a
1-byte serial character when GM = 1 and BLK = 1
Note: etu: Elementary Time Unit (time for transfer of 1 bit)
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.2.3
Serial Mode Register (SMR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
GM
BLK
PE
O/E
BCP1
BCP0
CKS1
CKS0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: When the smart card interface is used, be sure to make the 1 setting shown for bit 5.
The function of bits 7, 6, 3, and 2 of SMR changes in Smart Card interface mode.
Bit 7—GSM Mode (GM): Sets the smart card interface function to GSM mode.
This bit is cleared to 0 when the normal smart card interface is used. In GSM mode, this bit is set
to 1, the timing of setting of the TEND flag that indicates transmission completion is advanced
and clock output control mode addition is performed. The contents of the clock output control
mode addition are specified by bits 1 and 0 of the serial control register (SCR).
Bit 7
GM
Description
0
Normal smart card interface mode operation
1
(Initial value)
•
TEND flag generation 12.5 etu (11.5 etu in block transfer mode) after beginning of
start bit
•
Clock output ON/OFF control only
GSM mode smart card interface mode operation
•
TEND flag generation 11.0 etu after beginning of start bit
•
High/low fixing control possible in addition to clock output ON/OFF control (set by
SCR)
Note: etu: Elementary time unit (time for transfer of 1 bit)
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Bit 6—Block Transfer Mode (BLK): Selects block transfer mode.
Bit 6
BLK
Description
0
Normal Smart Card interface mode operation
1
•
Error signal transmission/detection and automatic data retransmission performed
•
TXI interrupt generated by TEND flag
•
TEND flag set 12.5 etu after start of transmission (11.0 etu in GSM mode)
Block transfer mode operation
•
Error signal transmission/detection and automatic data retransmission not
performed
•
TXI interrupt generated by TDRE flag
•
TEND flag set 11.5 etu after start of transmission (11.0 etu in GSM mode)
Note: etu : Elementury time unit (time for transfer of 1 bit)
Bits 3 and 2—Basic Clock Pulse 1 and 0 (BCP1, BCP0): These bits specify the number of basic
clock periods in a 1-bit transfer interval on the Smart Card interface.
Bit 3
BCP1
Bit 2
BCP0
Description
0
1
32 clock periods
0
64 clock periods
1
372 clock periods
0
256 clock periods
1
(Initial value)
Bits 5, 4, 1, and 0: Operate in the same way as for the normal SCI. For details, see section 13.2.5,
Serial Mode Register (SMR).
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.2.4
Bit
Serial Control Register (SCR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TIE
RIE
TE
RE
MPIE
TEIE
CKE1
CKE0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
In smart card interface mode, the function of bits 1 and 0 of SCR changes when bit 7 of the serial
mode register (SMR) is set to 1.
Bits 7 to 2—Operate in the same way as for the normal SCI.
For details, see section 13.2.6, Serial Control Register (SCR).
Bits 1 and 0—Clock Enable 1 and 0 (CKE1, CKE0): These bits are used to select the SCI clock
source and enable or disable clock output from the SCK pin.
In smart card interface mode, in addition to the normal switching between clock output enabling
and disabling, the clock output can be specified as to be fixed high or low.
SCMR
SMR
SMIF
C/A
A, GM
0
See the SCI
1
SCR Setting
CKE1
CKE0
SCK Pin Function
0
0
0
Operates as port I/O pin
1
0
0
1
Outputs clock as SCK output pin
1
1
0
0
Operates as SCK output pin, with output fixed
low
1
1
0
1
Outputs clock as SCK output pin
1
1
1
0
Operates as SCK output pin, with output fixed
high
1
1
1
1
Outputs clock as SCK output pin
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 515 of 1136
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.3
Operation
14.3.1
Overview
The main functions of the Smart Card interface are as follows.
• One frame consists of 8-bit data plus a parity bit.
• In transmission, a guard time of at least 2 etu (Elementary Time Unit: the time for transfer of 1
bit) is left between the end of the parity bit and the start of the next frame.
• If a parity error is detected during reception, a low error signal level is output for one etu
period, 10.5 etu after the start bit.
• If the error signal is sampled during transmission, the same data is transmitted automatically
after the elapse of 2 etu or longer. (except in block transfer mode)
• Only asynchronous communication is supported; there is no clocked synchronous
communication function.
14.3.2
Pin Connections
Figure 14.2 shows a schematic diagram of Smart Card interface related pin connections.
In communication with an IC card, since both transmission and reception are carried out on a
single data transmission line, the TxD pin and RxD pin should be connected with the LSI pin. The
data transmission line should be pulled up to the VCC power supply with a resistor.
When the clock generated on the Smart Card interface is used by an IC card, the SCK pin output is
input to the CLK pin of the IC card. No connection is needed if the IC card uses an internal clock.
LSI port output is used as the reset signal.
Other pins must normally be connected to the power supply or ground.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 516 of 1136
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
VCC
TxD
I/O
RxD
SCK
Rx (port)
H8S/2646 Group
Data line
Clock line
Reset line
CLK
RST
IC card
Connected equipment
Figure 14.2 Schematic Diagram of Smart Card Interface Pin Connections
Note: If an IC card is not connected, and the TE and RE bits are both set to 1, closed
transmission/reception is possible, enabling self-diagnosis to be carried out.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.3.3
Data Format
Normal Transfer Mode: Figure 14.3 shows the normal Smart Card interface data format. In
reception in this mode, a parity check is carried out on each frame, and if an error is detected an
error signal is sent back to the transmitting end, and retransmission of the data is requested. If an
error signal is sampled during transmission, the same data is retransmitted.
When there is no parity error
Ds
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Dp
D7
Dp
Transmitting station output
When a parity error occurs
Ds
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
DE
Transmitting station output
Legend:
Ds
D0 to D7
Dp
DE
Receiving station
output
: Start bit
: Data bits
: Parity bit
: Error signal
Figure 14.3 Normal Smart Card Interface Data Format
The operation sequence is as follows.
[1] When the data line is not in use it is in the high-impedance state, and is fixed high with a pullup resistor.
[2] The transmitting station starts transfer of one frame of data. The data frame starts with a start
bit (Ds, low-level), followed by 8 data bits (D0 to D7) and a parity bit (Dp).
[3] With the Smart Card interface, the data line then returns to the high-impedance state. The data
line is pulled high with a pull-up resistor.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
[4] The receiving station carries out a parity check.
If there is no parity error and the data is received normally, the receiving station waits for
reception of the next data.
If a parity error occurs, however, the receiving station outputs an error signal (DE, low-level)
to request retransmission of the data. After outputting the error signal for the prescribed length
of time, the receiving station places the signal line in the high-impedance state again. The
signal line is pulled high again by a pull-up resistor.
[5] If the transmitting station does not receive an error signal, it proceeds to transmit the next data
frame.
If it does receive an error signal, however, it returns to step [2] and retransmits the erroneous
data.
Block Transfer Mode: The operation sequence in block transfer mode is as follows.
[1] When the data line in not in use it is in the high-impedance state, and is fixed high with a pullup resistor.
[2] The transmitting station starts transfer of one frame of data. The data frame starts with a start
bit (Ds, low-level), followed by 8 data bits (D0 to D7) and a parity bit (Dp).
[3] With the Smart Card interface, the data line then returns to the high-impedance state. The data
line is pulled high with a pull-up resistor.
[4] After reception, a parity error check is carried out, but an error signal is not output even if an
error has occurred. When an error occurs reception cannot be continued, so the error flag
should be cleared to 0 before the parity bit of the next frame is received.
[5] The transmitting station proceeds to transmit the next data frame.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 519 of 1136
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.3.4
Register Settings
Table 14.3 shows a bit map of the registers used by the smart card interface.
Bits indicated as 0 or 1 must be set to the value shown. The setting of other bits is described
below.
Table 14.3 Smart Card Interface Register Settings
Bit
Register
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SMR
GM
BLK
1
O/E
BCP1
BCP0
CKS1
CKS0
BRR
BRR7
BRR6
BRR5
BRR4
BRR3
BRR2
BRR0
SCR
TIE
RIE
TE
RE
0
0
BRR1
CKE1*
TDR
TDR7
TDR6
TDR5
TDR4
TDR3
TDR2
TDR1
TDR0
SSR
TDRE
RDRF
ORER
ERS
PER
TEND
0
0
RDR
RDR7
RDR6
RDR5
RDR4
RDR3
RDR2
RDR1
RDR0
SCMR
—
—
—
—
SDIR
SINV
—
SMIF
CKE0
Legend:
—: Unused bit.
Note: * The CKE1 bit must be cleared to 0 when the GM bit in SMR is cleared to 0.
SMR Setting: The GM bit is cleared to 0 in normal smart card interface mode, and set to 1 in
GSM mode. The O/E bit is cleared to 0 if the IC card is of the direct convention type, and set to 1
if of the inverse convention type.
Bits CKS1 and CKS0 select the clock source of the on-chip baud rate generator. Bits BCP1 and
BCP0 select the number of basic clock periods in a 1-bit transfer interval. For details, see section
14.3.5, Clock.
The BLK bit is cleared to 0 in normal smart card interface mode, and set to 1 in block transfer
mode.
BRR Setting: BRR is used to set the bit rate. See section 14.3.5, Clock, for the method of
calculating the value to be set.
SCR Setting: The function of the TIE, RIE, TE, and RE bits is the same as for the normal SCI.
For details, see section 13, Serial Communication Interface (SCI).
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Bits CKE1 and CKE0 specify the clock output. When the GM bit in SMR is cleared to 0, set these
bits to B'00 if a clock is not to be output, or to B'01 if a clock is to be output. When the GM bit in
SMR is set to 1, clock output is performed. The clock output can also be fixed high or low.
Smart Card Mode Register (SCMR) Setting: The SDIR bit is cleared to 0 if the IC card is of the
direct convention type, and set to 1 if of the inverse convention type.
The SINV bit is cleared to 0 if the IC card is of the direct convention type, and set to 1 if of the
inverse convention type.
The SMIF bit is set to 1 in the case of the Smart Card interface.
Examples of register settings and the waveform of the start character are shown below for the two
types of IC card (direct convention and inverse convention).
• Direct convention (SDIR = SINV = O/E = 0)
(Z)
A
Z
Z
A
Z
Z
Z
A
A
Z
Ds
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Dp
(Z)
State
With the direct convention type, the logic 1 level corresponds to state Z and the logic 0 level to
state A, and transfer is performed in LSB-first order. The start character data above is H'3B.
The parity bit is 1 since even parity is stipulated for the Smart Card.
• Inverse convention (SDIR = SINV = O/E = 1)
(Z)
A
Z
Z
A
A
A
A
A
A
Z
Ds
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Dp
(Z)
State
With the inverse convention type, the logic 1 level corresponds to state A and the logic 0 level
to state Z, and transfer is performed in MSB-first order. The start character data above is H'3F.
The parity bit is 0, corresponding to state Z, since even parity is stipulated for the Smart Card.
With the H8S/2646 Group, inversion specified by the SINV bit applies only to the data bits,
D7 to D0. For parity bit inversion, the O/E bit in SMR is set to odd parity mode (the same
applies to both transmission and reception).
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.3.5
Clock
Only an internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator can be used as the
transmit/receive clock for the smart card interface. The bit rate is set with BRR and the CKS1,
CKS0, BCP1 and BCP0 bits in SMR. The formula for calculating the bit rate is as shown below.
Table 14.5 shows some sample bit rates.
If clock output is selected by setting CKE0 to 1, a clock is output from the SCK pin. The clock
frequency is determined by the bit rate and the setting of bits BCP1 and BCP0.
B=
φ
S×2
2n+1
× (N + 1)
× 106
Where: N = Value set in BRR (0 ≤ N ≤ 255)
B = Bit rate (bit/s)
φ = Operating frequency (MHz)
n = See table 14.4
S = Number of internal clocks in 1-bit period, set by BCP1 and BCP0
Table 14.4 Correspondence between n and CKS1, CKS0
n
CKS1
0
0
1
2
CKS0
0
1
1
3
0
1
Table 14.5 Examples of Bit Rate B (bit/s) for Various BRR Settings
(When n = 0 and S = 372)
φ (MHz)
N
10.00
10.714
13.00
14.285
16.00
18.00
20.00
0
13441
14400
17473
19200
21505
24194
26882
1
6720
7200
8737
9600
10753
12097
13441
2
4480
4800
5824
6400
7168
8065
8961
Note: Bit rates are rounded to the nearest whole number.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
The method of calculating the value to be set in the bit rate register (BRR) from the operating
frequency and bit rate, on the other hand, is shown below. N is an integer, 0 ≤ N ≤ 255, and the
smaller error is specified.
N=
φ
S×2
2n+1
× 106 – 1
×B
Table 14.6 Examples of BRR Settings for Bit Rate B (bit/s) (When n = 0 and S = 372)
φ (MHz)
7.1424
10.00
10.7136
13.00
14.2848
16.00
18.00
20.00
bit/s
N
Error
N
Error
N
Error
N
Error
N
Error
N
Error
N
Error
N
Error
9600
0
0.00
1
30
1
25
1
8.99
1
0.00
1
12.01
2
15.99
2
6.60
Table 14.7 Maximum Bit Rate at Various Frequencies (Smart Card Interface Mode)
(When S = 372)
φ (MHz)
Maximum Bit Rate (bit/s)
N
n
7.1424
9600
0
0
10.00
13441
0
0
10.7136
14400
0
0
13.00
17473
0
0
14.2848
19200
0
0
16.00
21505
0
0
18.00
24194
0
0
20.00
26882
0
0
The bit rate error is given by the following formula:
Error (%) = (
φ
S×2
2n+1
× B × (N + 1)
× 106 – 1) × 100
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.3.6
Data Transfer Operations
Initialization: Before transmitting and receiving data, initialize the SCI as described below.
Initialization is also necessary when switching from transmit mode to receive mode, or vice versa.
[1] Clear the TE and RE bits in SCR to 0.
[2] Clear the error flags ERS, PER, and ORER in SSR to 0.
[3] Set the GM, BLK, O/E, BCP1, BCP0, CKS1, CKS0 bits in SMR. Set the PE bit to 1.
[4] Set the SMIF, SDIR, and SINV bits in SCMR.
When the SMIF bit is set to 1, the TxD and RxD pins are both switched from ports to SCI pins,
and are placed in the high-impedance state.
[5] Set the value corresponding to the bit rate in BRR.
[6] Set the CKE0 and CKE1 bits in SCR. Clear the TIE, RIE, TE, RE, MPIE, and TEIE bits to 0.
If the CKE0 bit is set to 1, the clock is output from the SCK pin.
[7] Wait at least one bit interval, then set the TIE, RIE, TE, and RE bits in SCR. Do not set the TE
bit and RE bit at the same time, except for self-diagnosis.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Serial Data Transmission: As data transmission in smart card mode involves error signal
sampling and retransmission processing, the processing procedure is different from that for the
normal SCI. Figure 14.4 shows a flowchart for transmitting, and figure 14.5 shows the relation
between a transmit operation and the internal registers.
[1] Perform Smart Card interface mode initialization as described above in Initialization.
[2] Check that the ERS error flag in SSR is cleared to 0.
[3] Repeat steps [2] and [3] until it can be confirmed that the TEND flag in SSR is set to 1.
[4] Write the transmit data to TDR, clear the TDRE flag to 0, and perform the transmit operation.
The TEND flag is cleared to 0.
[5] When transmitting data continuously, go back to step [2].
[6] To end transmission, clear the TE bit to 0.
With the above processing, interrupt servicing or data transfer by the DTC is possible.
If transmission ends and the TEND flag is set to 1 while the TIE bit is set to 1 and interrupt
requests are enabled, a transmit data empty interrupt (TXI) request will be generated. If an error
occurs in transmission and the ERS flag is set to 1 while the RIE bit is set to 1 and interrupt
requests are enabled, a transfer error interrupt (ERI) request will be generated.
The timing for setting the TEND flag depends on the value of the GM bit in SMR. The TEND
flag set timing is shown in figure 14.6.
If the DTC is activated by a TXI request, the number of bytes set in the DTC can be transmitted
automatically, including automatic retransmission.
For details, see Interrupt Operation and Data Transfer Operation by DTC below.
Note: For block transfer mode, see section 13.3.2, Operation in Asynchronous Mode.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Start
Initialization
Start transmission
ERS = 0?
No
Yes
Error processing
No
TEND = 1?
Yes
Write data to TDR,
and clear TDRE flag
in SSR to 0
No
All data transmitted?
Yes
No
ERS = 0?
Yes
Error processing
No
TEND = 1?
Yes
Clear TE bit to 0
End
Figure 14.4 Example of Transmission Processing Flow
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
TSR
(shift register)
TDR
(1) Data write
Data 1
(2) Transfer from
TDR to TSR
Data 1
(3) Serial data output
Data 1
Data 1
; Data remains in TDR
Data 1
I/O signal line output
In case of normal transmission: TEND flag is set
In case of transmit error:
ERS flag is set
Steps (2) and (3) above are repeated until the TEND flag is set
Note: When the ERS flag is set, it should be cleared until transfer of the last bit (D7 in LSB-first
transmission, D0 in MSB-first transmission) of the next transfer data to be transmitted has
been completed.
Figure 14.5 Relation Between Transmit Operation and Internal Registers
I/O data
Ds
TXI
(TEND interrupt)
When GM = 0
When GM = 1
Legend:
Ds
D0 to D7
Dp
DE
Note : etu
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Dp
DE
Guard
time
12.5 etu
11.0 etu
: Start bit
: Data bits
: Parity bit
: Error signal
: Elementary time unit (time for fransfer of 1 bit)
Figure 14.6 TEND Flag Generation Timing in Transmission Operation
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Serial Data Reception (Except Block Transfer Mode): Data reception in Smart Card mode uses
the same processing procedure as for the normal SCI. Figure 14.7 shows an example of the
transmission processing flow.
[1] Perform Smart Card interface mode initialization as described above in Initialization.
[2] Check that the ORER flag and PER flag in SSR are cleared to 0. If either is set, perform the
appropriate receive error processing, then clear both the ORER and the PER flag to 0.
[3] Repeat steps [2] and [3] until it can be confirmed that the RDRF flag is set to 1.
[4] Read the receive data from RDR.
[5] When receiving data continuously, clear the RDRF flag to 0 and go back to step [2].
[6] To end reception, clear the RE bit to 0.
Start
Initialization
Start reception
ORER = 0 and
PER = 0
No
Yes
Error processing
No
RDRF=1?
Yes
Read RDR and clear
RDRF flag in SSR to 0
No
All data received?
Yes
Clear RE bit to 0
Figure 14.7 Example of Reception Processing Flow
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
With the above processing, interrupt servicing or data transfer by the DTC is possible.
If reception ends and the RDRF flag is set to 1 while the RIE bit is set to 1 and interrupt requests
are enabled, a receive data full interrupt (RXI) request will be generated. If an error occurs in
reception and either the ORER flag or the PER flag is set to 1, a transfer error interrupt (ERI)
request will be generated.
If the DTC is activated by an RXI request, the receive data in which the error occurred is skipped,
and only the number of bytes of receive data set in the DTC are transferred.
For details, see Interrupt Operation and Data Transfer Operation by DTC followings.
If a parity error occurs during reception and the PER is set to 1, the received data is still
transferred to RDR, and therefore this data can be read.
Note: For block transfer mode, see section 13.3.2, Operation in Asynchronous Mode.
Mode Switching Operation: When switching from receive mode to transmit mode, first confirm
that the receive operation has been completed, then start from initialization, clearing RE bit to 0
and setting TE bit to 1. The RDRF flag or the PER and ORER flags can be used to check that the
receive operation has been completed.
When switching from transmit mode to receive mode, first confirm that the transmit operation has
been completed, then start from initialization, clearing TE bit to 0 and setting RE bit to 1. The
TEND flag can be used to check that the transmit operation has been completed.
Fixing Clock Output Level: When the GM bit in SMR is set to 1, the clock output level can be
fixed with bits CKE1 and CKE0 in SCR. At this time, the minimum clock pulse width can be
made the specified width.
Figure 14.8 shows the timing for fixing the clock output level. In this example, GM is set to 1,
CKE1 is cleared to 0, and the CKE0 bit is controlled.
Specified pulse width
Specified pulse width
SCK
SCR write
(CKE0 = 0)
SCR write
(CKE0 = 1)
Figure 14.8 Timing for Fixing Clock Output Level
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Interrupt Operation (Except Block Transfer Mode): There are three interrupt sources in smart
card interface mode: transmit data empty interrupt (TXI) requests, transfer error interrupt (ERI)
requests, and receive data full interrupt (RXI) requests. The transmit end interrupt (TEI) request is
not used in this mode.
When the TEND flag in SSR is set to 1, a TXI interrupt request is generated.
When the RDRF flag in SSR is set to 1, an RXI interrupt request is generated.
When any of flags ORER, PER, and ERS in SSR is set to 1, an ERI interrupt request is generated.
The relationship between the operating states and interrupt sources is shown in table 14.8.
Note: For block transfer mode, see section 13.4, SCI Interrupts.
Table 14.8 Smart Card Mode Operating States and Interrupt Sources
Flag
Enable Bit
Interrupt
Source
DTC Activation
Normal
operation
TEND
TIE
TXI
Possible
Error
ERS
RIE
ERI
Not possible
Normal
operation
RDRF
RIE
RXI
Possible
Error
PER, ORER
RIE
ERI
Not possible
Operating State
Transmit Mode
Receive Mode
Data Transfer Operation by DTC: In smart card mode, as with the normal SCI, transfer can be
carried out using the DTC. In a transmit operation, the TDRE flag is also set to 1 at the same time
as the TEND flag in SSR, and a TXI interrupt is generated. If the TXI request is designated
beforehand as a DTC activation source, the DTC will be activated by the TXI request, and transfer
of the transmit data will be carried out. The TDRE and TEND flags are automatically cleared to 0
when data transfer is performed by the DTC. In the event of an error, the SCI retransmits the same
data automatically. During this period, TEND remains cleared to 0 and the DTC is not activated.
Therefore, the SCI and DTC will automatically transmit the specified number of bytes, including
retransmission in the event of an error. However, the ERS flag is not cleared automatically when
an error occurs, and so the RIE bit should be set to 1 beforehand so that an ERI request will be
generated in the event of an error, and the ERS flag will be cleared.
When performing transfer using the DTC, it is essential to set and enable the DTC before carrying
out SCI setting. For details of the DTC setting procedures, see section 8, Data Transfer Controller
(DTC).
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 530 of 1136
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
In a receive operation, an RXI interrupt request is generated when the RDRF flag in SSR is set to
1. If the RXI request is designated beforehand as a DTC activation source, the DTC will be
activated by the RXI request, and transfer of the receive data will be carried out. The RDRF flag is
cleared to 0 automatically when data transfer is performed by the DTC. If an error occurs, an error
flag is set but the RDRF flag is not. Consequently, the DTC is not activated, but instead, an ERI
interrupt request is sent to the CPU. Therefore, the error flag should be cleared.
Note: For block transfer mode, see section 13.4, SCI Interrupts.
14.3.7
Operation in GSM Mode
Switching the Mode: When switching between smart card interface mode and software standby
mode, the following switching procedure should be followed in order to maintain the clock duty.
• When changing from smart card interface mode to software standby mode
[1] Set the data register (DR) and data direction register (DDR) corresponding to the SCK pin to
the value for the fixed output state in software standby mode.
[2] Write 0 to the TE bit and RE bit in the serial control register (SCR) to halt transmit/receive
operation. At the same time, set the CKE1 bit to the value for the fixed output state in
software standby mode.
[3] Write 0 to the CKE0 bit in SCR to halt the clock.
[4] Wait for one serial clock period.
During this interval, clock output is fixed at the specified level, with the duty preserved.
[5] Make the transition to the software standby state.
• When returning to smart card interface mode from software standby mode
[6] Exit the software standby state.
[7] Write 1 to the CKE0 bit in SCR and output the clock. Signal generation is started with the
normal duty.
Software
standby
Normal operation
[1] [2] [3]
[4] [5]
Normal operation
[6] [7]
Figure 14.9 Clock Halt and Restart Procedure
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 531 of 1136
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Powering On: To secure the clock duty from power-on, the following switching procedure should
be followed.
[1] The initial state is port input and high impedance. Use a pull-up resistor or pull-down resistor
to fix the potential.
[2] Fix the SCK pin to the specified output level with the CKE1 bit in SCR.
[3] Set SMR and SCMR, and switch to smart card mode operation.
[4] Set the CKE0 bit in SCR to 1 to start clock output.
14.3.8
Operation in Block Transfer Mode
Operation in block transfer mode is the same as in SCI asynchronous mode, except for the
following points. For details, see section 13.3.2, Operation in Asynchronous Mode.
Data Format: The data format is 8 bits with parity. There is no stop bit, but there is a 2-bit (1-bit
or more in reception) error guard time.
Also, except during transmission (with start bit, data bits, and parity bit), the transmission pins go
to the high-impedance state, so the signal lines must be fixed high with a pull-up resistor.
Transmit/Receive Clock: Only an internal clock generated by the on-chip baud rate generator can
be used as the transmit/receive clock. The number of basic clock periods in a 1-bit transfer
interval can be set to 32, 64, 372, or 256 with bits BCP1 and BCP0. For details, see section
14.3.5, Clock.
ERS (FER) Flag: As with the normal Smart Card interface, the ERS flag indicates the error signal
status, but since error signal transmission and reception is not performed, this flag is always
cleared to 0.
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
14.4
Usage Notes
The following points should be noted when using the SCI as a Smart Card interface.
Receive Data Sampling Timing and Reception Margin in Smart Card Interface Mode: In
Smart Card interface mode, the SCI operates on a basic clock with a frequency of 32, 64, 372, or
256 times the transfer rate (as determined by bits BCP1 and BCP0).
In reception, the SCI samples the falling edge of the start bit using the basic clock, and performs
internal synchronization. Receive data is latched internally at the rising edge of the 16th, 32nd,
186th, or 128th pulse of the basic clock. Figure 14.10 shows the receive data sampling timing
when using a clock of 372 times the transfer rate.
372 clocks
186 clocks
0
185
185
371 0
371 0
Internal
basic
clock
Receive
data (RxD)
Start bit
D0
D1
Synchronization
sampling
timing
Data
sampling
timing
Figure 14.10 Receive Data Sampling Timing in Smart Card Mode
(Using Clock of 372 Times the Transfer Rate)
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Thus the reception margin in asynchronous mode is given by the following formula.
Formula for reception margin in smart card interface mode
M = (0.5 –
1
) – (L – 0.5) F –
2N
 D – 0.5
(1 + F) × 100%
N
Where M: Reception margin (%)
N: Ratio of bit rate to clock (N = 32, 64, 372, and 256)
D: Clock duty (D = 0 to 1.0)
L: Frame length (L = 10)
F: Absolute value of clock frequency deviation
Assuming values of F = 0, D = 0.5 and N = 372 in the above formula, the reception margin
formula is as follows.
When D = 0.5 and F = 0,
M = (0.5 – 1/2 × 372) × 100%
= 49.866%
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 534 of 1136
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
Retransfer Operations (Except Block Transfer Mode): Retransfer operations are performed by
the SCI in receive mode and transmit mode as described below.
• Retransfer operation when SCI is in receive mode
Figure 14.11 illustrates the retransfer operation when the SCI is in receive mode.
[1] If an error is found when the received parity bit is checked, the PER bit in SSR is
automatically set to 1. If the RIE bit in SCR is enabled at this time, an ERI interrupt request is
generated. The PER bit in SSR should be kept cleared to 0 until the next parity bit is sampled.
[2] The RDRF bit in SSR is not set for a frame in which an error has occurred.
[3] If no error is found when the received parity bit is checked, the PER bit in SSR is not set to 1.
[4] If no error is found when the received parity bit is checked, the receive operation is judged to
have been completed normally, and the RDRF flag in SSR is automatically set to 1. If the RIE
bit in SCR is enabled at this time, an RXI interrupt request is generated.
If DTC data transfer by an RXI source is enabled, the contents of RDR can be read
automatically. When the RDR data is read by the DTC, the RDRF flag is automatically cleared
to 0.
[5] When a normal frame is received, the pin retains the high-impedance state at the timing for
error signal transmission.
nth transfer frame
Transfer
frame n+1
Retransferred frame
Ds D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Dp DE
(DE)
Ds D0 D1 D2 D3 D4
Ds D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Dp
RDRF
[2]
[4]
[1]
[3]
PER
Figure 14.11 Retransfer Operation in SCI Receive Mode
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Section 14 Smart Card Interface
• Retransfer operation when SCI is in transmit mode
Figure 14.12 illustrates the retransfer operation when the SCI is in transmit mode.
[6] If an error signal is sent back from the receiving end after transmission of one frame is
completed, the ERS bit in SSR is set to 1. If the RIE bit in SCR is enabled at this time, an ERI
interrupt request is generated. The ERS bit in SSR should be kept cleared to 0 until the next
parity bit is sampled.
[7] The TEND bit in SSR is not set for a frame for which an error signal indicating an abnormality
is received.
[8] If an error signal is not sent back from the receiving end, the ERS bit in SSR is not set.
[9] If an error signal is not sent back from the receiving end, transmission of one frame, including
a retransfer, is judged to have been completed, and the TEND bit in SSR is set to 1. If the TIE
bit in SCR is enabled at this time, a TXI interrupt request is generated.
If data transfer by the DTC by means of the TXI source is enabled, the next data can be written
to TDR automatically. When data is written to TDR by the DTC, the TDRE bit is
automatically cleared to 0.
nth transfer frame
Transfer
frame n+1
Retransferred frame
Ds D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Dp DE
Ds D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Dp
(DE)
Ds D0 D1 D2 D3 D4
TDRE
Transfer to TSR
from TDR
Transfer to TSR from TDR
Transfer to TSR from TDR
TEND
[7]
[9]
FER/ERS
[6]
[8]
Figure 14.12 Retransfer Operation in SCI Transmit Mode
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 536 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.1
Overview
The HCAN is a module for controlling a controller area network (CAN) for realtime
communication in vehicular and industrial equipment systems, etc. The H8S/2646 Group has a
single-channel on-chip HCAN module.
Reference: BOSCH CAN Specification Version 2.0 1991, Robert Bosch GmbH
15.1.1
Features
• CAN version: Bosch 2.0B active compatible
 Communication systems:
NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) system (with bit-stuffing function)
Broadcast communication system
 Transmission path: Bidirectional 2-wire serial communication
 Communication speed: Max. 1 Mbps
 Data length: 0 to 8 bytes
• Number of channels: 1
• Data buffers: 16 (one receive-only buffer and 15 buffers settable for transmission/reception)
• Data transmission: Choice of two methods:
 Mailbox (buffer) number order (low-to-high)
 Message priority (identifier) high-to-low order
• Data reception: Two methods:
 Message identifier match (transmit/receive-setting buffers)
 Reception with message identifier masked (receive-only)
• CPU interrupts: Two interrupt vectors:
 Error interrupt
 Reset processing interrupt
 Message reception interrupt (mailbox 1 to 15)
 Message reception interrupt (mailbox 0)
 Message transmission interrupt
• HCAN operating modes: Support for various modes:
 Hardware reset
 Software reset
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 537 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
 Normal status (error-active, error-passive)
 Bus off status
 HCAN configuration mode
 HCAN sleep mode
 HCAN halt mode
• Other features: DTC can be activated by message reception mailbox (HCAN mailbox 0 only)
15.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 15.1 shows a block diagram of the HCAN.
MBI
Message buffer
Peripheral data bus
Peripheral address bus
HCAN
Mailboxes
Message control
Message data
MC0–MC15, MD0–MD15
LAFM
(CDLC)
CAN
Data Link Controller
Bosch CAN 2.0B active
Tx buffer
MPI
Microprocessor interface
Rx buffer
HTxD
HRxD
CPU interface
Control register
Status register
Figure 15.1 HCAN Block Diagram
Message Buffer Interface (MBI): The MBI, consisting of mailboxes and a local acceptance filter
mask (LAFM), stores CAN transmit/receive messages (identifiers, data, etc.) Transmit messages
are written by the CPU. For receive messages, the data received by the CDLC is stored
automatically.
Microprocessor Interface (MPI): The MPI, consisting of a bus interface, control register, status
register, etc., controls HCAN internal data, statuses, and so forth.
CAN Data Link Controller (CDLC): The CDLC performs transmission and reception of
messages conforming to the Bosch CAN Ver. 2.0B active standard (data frames, remote frames,
error frames, overload frames, inter-frame spacing), as well as CRC checking, bus arbitration, and
other functions.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 538 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 15.1 shows the HCAN’s pins.
When using HCAN pins, settings must be made in the HCAN configuration mode (during
initialization: MCR0 = 1 and GSR3 = 1).
Table 15.1 HCAN Pins
Name
Abbreviation
Input/Output
Function
HCAN transmit data pin
HTxD
Output
CAN bus transmission pin
HCAN receive data pin
HRxD
Input
CAN bus reception pin
A bus driver is necessary between the pins and the CAN bus. A Philips PCA82C250 compatible
model is recommended.
15.1.4
Register Configuration
Table 15.2 lists the HCAN’s registers.
Table 15.2 HCAN Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Access Size
Master control register
MCR
R/W
H'01
H'F800
8 bits
General status register
GSR
R/W
H'0C
H'F801
8 bits
16 bits
Bit configuration register
BCR
R/W
H'0000
H'F802
8/16 bits
Mailbox configuration register
MBCR
R/W
H'0100
H'F804
8/16 bits
Transmit wait register
TXPR
R/W
H'0000
H'F806
8/16 bits
Transmit wait cancel register
TXCR
R/W
H'0000
H'F808
8/16 bits
Transmit acknowledge register
TXACK
R/W
H'0000
H'F80A
8/16 bits
Abort acknowledge register
ABACK
R/W
H'0000
H'F80C
8/16 bits
Receive complete register
RXPR
R/W
H'0000
H'F80E
8/16 bits
Remote request register
RFPR
R/W
H'0000
H'F810
8/16 bits
Interrupt register
IRR
R/W
H'0100
H'F812
8/16 bits
Mailbox interrupt mask register
MBIMR
R/W
H'FFFF
H'F814
8/16 bits
Interrupt mask register
IMR
R/W
H'FEFF
H'F816
8/16 bits
Receive error counter
REC
R
H'00
H'F818
8 bits
Transmit error counter
TEC
R
H'00
H'F819
8 bits
Unread message status register
UMSR
R/W
H'0000
H'F81A
8/16 bits
16 bits
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
Access Size
Local acceptance filter mask L
LAFML
R/W
H'0000
H'F81C
8/16 bits
Local acceptance filter mask H
LAFMH
R/W
H'0000
H'F81E
8/16 bits
Message control 0 [1:8]
MC0 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F820
8/16 bits
Message control 1 [1:8]
MC1 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F828
8/16 bits
Message control 2 [1:8]
MC2 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F830
8/16 bits
Message control 3 [1:8]
MC3 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F838
8/16 bits
Message control 4 [1:8]
MC4 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F840
8/16 bits
Message control 5 [1:8]
MC5 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F848
8/16 bits
Message control 6 [1:8]
MC6 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F850
8/16 bits
Message control 7 [1:8]
MC7 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F858
8/16 bits
Message control 8 [1:8]
MC8 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F860
8/16 bits
Message control 9 [1:8]
MC9 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F868
8/16 bits
Message control 10 [1:8]
MC10 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F870
8/16 bits
Message control 11 [1:8]
MC11 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F878
8/16 bits
Message control 12 [1:8]
MC12 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F880
8/16 bits
Message control 13 [1:8]
MC13 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F888
8/16 bits
Message control 14 [1:8]
MC14 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F890
8/16 bits
Message control 15 [1:8]
MC15 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F898
8/16 bits
Message data 0 [1:8]
MD0 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8B0
8/16 bits
Message data 1 [1:8]
MD1 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8B8
8/16 bits
Message data 2 [1:8]
MD2 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8C0
8/16 bits
Message data 3 [1:8]
MD3 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8C8
8/16 bits
Message data 4 [1:8]
MD4 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8D0
8/16 bits
Message data 5 [1:8]
MD5 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8D8
8/16 bits
Message data 6 [1:8]
MD6 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8E0
8/16 bits
Message data 7 [1:8]
MD7 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8E8
8/16 bits
Message data 8 [1:8]
MD8 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8F0
8/16 bits
Message data 9 [1:8]
MD9 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F8F8
8/16 bits
Message data 10 [1:8]
MD10 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F900
8/16 bits
Message data 11 [1:8]
MD11 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F908
8/16 bits
Message data 12 [1:8]
MD12 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F910
8/16 bits
Message data 13 [1:8]
MD13 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F918
8/16 bits
Message data 14 [1:8]
MD14 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F920
8/16 bits
Message data 15 [1:8]
MD15 [1:8]
R/W
Undefined
H'F928
8/16 bits
Module stop control register C
MSTPCRC
R/W
H'FF
H'FDEA
8/16 bits
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 540 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2
Register Descriptions
15.2.1
Master Control Register (MCR)
The master control register (MCR) is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls the CAN
interface.
MCR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MCR7
—
MCR5
—
—
MCR2
MCR1
MCR0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
R/W
R
R/W
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bit 7—HCAN Sleep Mode Release (MCR7): Enables or disables HCAN sleep mode release by
bus operation.
Bit 7
MCR7
Description
0
HCAN sleep mode release by CAN bus operation disabled
1
HCAN sleep mode release by CAN bus operation enabled
(Initial value)
Bit 6—Reserved: This bit always reads 0. The write value should always be 0.
Bit 5—HCAN Sleep Mode (MCR5): Enables or disables HCAN sleep mode transition.
Bit 5
MCR5
Description
0
HCAN sleep mode released
1
Transition to HCAN sleep mode enabled
(Initial value)
Bits 4 and 3—Reserved: These bits always read 0. The write value should always be 0.
Bit 2—Message Transmission Method (MCR2): Selects the transmission method for transmit
messages.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bit 2
MCR2
Description
0
Transmission order determined by message identifier priority
1
Transmission order determined by mailbox (buffer) number priority (TXPR1 > TXPR15)
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Halt Request (MCR1): Controls halting of the HCAN module.
Bit 1
MCR1
Description
0
HCAN normal operating mode
1
HCAN halt mode transition request
(Initial value)
Bit 0—Reset Request (MCR0): Controls resetting of the HCAN module.
Bit 0
MCR0
Description
0
Normal operating mode (MCR0 = 0 and GSR3 = 0)
[Setting condition]
When 0 is written after an HCAN reset
1
HCAN reset mode transition request
(Initial value)
In order for GSR3 to change from 1 to 0 after 0 is written to MCR0, time is required before the
HCAN is internally reset. There is consequently a delay before GSR3 is cleared to 0 after MCR0
is cleared to 0.
15.2.2
General Status Register (GSR)
The general status register (GSR) is an 8-bit readable register that indicates the status of the CAN
bus.
GSR
Bit:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
GSR3
GSR2
GSR1
GSR0
Initial value:
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
R/W:
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Bits 7 to 4—Reserved: These bits always read 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 542 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bit 3—Reset Status Bit (GSR3): Indicates whether the HCAN module is in the normal operating
state or the reset state. This bit cannot be written to.
Bit 3
GSR3
Description
0
Normal operating state
[Setting condition]
After an HCAN internal reset
1
Configuration mode
[Reset condition]
MCR0 reset mode and sleep mode
(Initial value)
Bit 2—Message Transmission Status Flag (GSR2): Flag that indicates whether the module is
currently in the message transmission period. The “message transmission period” is the period
from the start of message transmission (SOF) until the end of a 3-bit intermission interval after
EOF (End of Frame). This bit cannot be written to.
Bit 2
GSR2
Description
0
Message transmission period
1
[Reset Condition]
Idle period
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Transmit/Receive Warning Flag (GSR1): Flag that indicates an error warning. This bit
cannot be written to.
Bit 1
GSR1
0
1
Description
[Reset condition]
When TEC < 96 and REC < 96 or TEC ≥ 256
(Initial value)
When TEC ≥ 96 or REC ≥ 96
Bit 0—Bus Off Flag (GSR0): Flag that indicates the bus off state. This bit cannot be written to.
Bit 0
GSR0
0
1
Description
[Reset condition]
Recovery from bus off state
(Initial value)
When TEC ≥ 256 (bus off state)
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.3
Bit Configuration Register (BCR)
The bit configuration register (BCR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register that is used to set CAN
bit timing parameters and the baud rate prescaler.
BCR
Bit:
Initial value:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
BCR7
BCR6
BCR5
BCR4
BCR3
BCR2
BCR1
BCR0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BCR15
BCR14
BCR13
BCR12
BCR11
BCR10
BCR9
BCR8
R/W:
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 15 and 14—Resynchronization Jump Width (SJW): These bits set the bit synchronization
range.
Bit 15
BCR7
Bit 14
BCR6
Description
0
0
Bit synchronization width = 1 time quantum
1
Bit synchronization width = 2 time quanta
0
Bit synchronization width = 3 time quanta
1
Bit synchronization width = 4 time quanta
1
(Initial value)
Bits 13 to 8—Baud Rate Prescaler (BRP): These bits are used to set the CAN bus baud rate.
Bit 13
BCR5
Bit 12
BCR4
Bit 11
BCR3
Bit 10
BCR2
Bit 9
BCR1
Bit 8
BCR0
Description
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 × system clock
0
0
0
0
0
1
4 × system clock
0
0
0
0
1
0
6 × system clock
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
1
1
1
1
1
1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 544 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
⋅
⋅
⋅
128 × system clock
(Initial value)
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bit 7—Bit Sample Point (BSP): Sets the point at which data is sampled.
Bit 7
BCR15
Description
0
Bit sampling at one point (end of time segment 1 (TSEG1))
1
Bit sampling at three points (end of TSEG1 and preceding and following time
quantum)
(Initial value)
Bits 6 to 4—Time Segment 2 (TSEG2): These bits are used to set the segment for correcting 1bit time error. A value from 2 to 8 can be set.
Bit 6
BCR14
Bit 5
BCR13
Bit 4
BCR12
Description
0
0
0
Setting prohibited
1
TSEG2 = 2 time quanta
0
TSEG2 = 3 time quanta
1
TSEG2 = 4 time quanta
0
TSEG2 = 5 time quanta
1
TSEG2 = 6 time quanta
0
TSEG2 = 7 time quanta
1
TSEG2 = 8 time quanta
1
1
0
1
(Initial value)
Bits 3 to 0—Time Segment 1 (TSEG1): These bits are used to set the segment for absorbing
output buffer, CAN bus, and input buffer delay. A value of 1 or 4 to 16 can be set.
Bit 3
BCR11
Bit 2
BCR10
Bit 1
BCR9
Bit 0
BCR8
Description
0
0
0
0
Setting prohibited
0
0
0
1
Setting prohibited
0
0
1
0
Setting prohibited
0
0
1
1
TSEG1 = 4 time quanta
0
1
0
0
TSEG1 = 5 time quanta
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
1
1
1
1
(Initial value)
⋅
⋅
⋅
TSEG1 = 16 time quanta
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 545 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.4
Mailbox Configuration Register (MBCR)
The mailbox configuration register (MBCR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register that is used to
set mailbox (buffer) transmission/reception.
MBCR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
MBCR7
MBCR6
MBCR5
MBCR4
MBCR3
MBCR2
MBCR1
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MBCR9
MBCR8
MBCR15 MBCR14 MBCR13 MBCR12 MBCR11 MBCR10
Initial value:
R/W:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 15 to 9 and 7 to 0—Mailbox Setting Register: These bits set the polarity of the
corresponding mailboxes.
Bit x
MBCRx
Description
0
Corresponding mailbox is set for transmission
1
Corresponding mailbox is set for reception
(Initial value)
(x = 15 to 0)
Bit 8—Reserved: This bit always reads 1. The write value should always be 1.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 546 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.5
Transmit Wait Register (TXPR)
The transmit wait register (TXPR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register that is used to set a
transmit wait after a transmit message is stored in a mailbox (buffer) (CAN bus arbitration wait).
TXPR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
TXPR7
TXPR6
TXPR5
TXPR4
TXPR3
TXPR2
TXPR1
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXPR15 TXPR14 TXPR13 TXPR12 TXPR11 TXPR10 TXPR9
Initial value:
R/W:
TXPR8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 15 to 9 and 7 to 0—Transmit Wait Register: These bits set a transmit wait for the
corresponding mailboxes.
Bit x
TXPRx
Description
0
Transmit message idle state in corresponding mailbox
(Initial value)
[Clearing condition]
Message transmission completion and cancellation completion
1
Transmit message transmit wait in corresponding mailbox (CAN bus arbitration)
(x = 15 to 0)
Bit 8—Reserved: This bit always reads 0. The write value should always be 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 547 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.6
Transmit Wait Cancel Register (TXCR)
The transmit wait cancel register (TXCR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register that controls
cancellation of transmit wait messages in mailboxes (buffers).
TXCR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
TXCR7
TXCR6
TXCR5
TXCR4
TXCR3
TXCR2
TXCR1
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXCR15 TXCR14 TXCR13 TXCR12 TXCR11 TXCR10 TXCR9
Initial value:
R/W:
TXCR8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 15 to 9 and 7 to 0—Transmit Wait Cancel Register: These bits control cancellation of
transmit wait messages in the corresponding HCAN mailboxes.
Bit x
TXCRx
Description
0
Transmit message cancellation idle state in corresponding mailbox
(Initial value)
[Clearing condition]
Completion of TXPR clearing (when transmit message is canceled normally)
1
TXPR cleared for corresponding mailbox (transmit message cancellation)
(x = 15 to 0)
Bit 8—Reserved: This bit always reads 0. The write value should always be 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 548 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.7
Transmit Acknowledge Register (TXACK)
The transmit acknowledge register (TXACK) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing
status flags that indicate normal transmission of mailbox (buffer) transmit messages.
TXACK
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
TXACK7
TXACK6
TXACK5
TXACK4
TXACK3
TXACK2
TXACK1
—
0
R/(W)*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXACK15 TXACK14 TXACK13 TXACK12 TXACK11 TXACK10 TXACK9
Initial value:
R/W:
TXACK8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
Note: * Only a write of 1 is permitted, to clear the flag.
Bits 15 to 9 and 7 to 0—Transmit Acknowledge Register: These bits indicate that a transmit
message in the corresponding HCAN mailbox has been transmitted normally.
Bit x
TXACKx
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
(Initial value)
1
Completion of message transmission for corresponding mailbox
(x = 15 to 0)
Bit 8—Reserved: This bit always reads 0. The write value should always be 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 549 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.8
Abort Acknowledge Register (ABACK)
The abort acknowledge register (ABACK) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing status
flags that indicate normal cancellation (aborting) of a mailbox (buffer) transmit messages.
ABACK
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ABACK7
ABACK6
ABACK5
ABACK4
ABACK3
ABACK2
ABACK1
—
0
R/(W)*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ABACK15 ABACK14 ABACK13 ABACK12 ABACK11 ABACK10 ABACK9
Initial value:
R/W:
ABACK8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
Note: * Only a write of 1 is permitted, to clear the flag.
Bits 15 to 9 and 7 to 0—Abort Acknowledge Register: These bits indicate that a transmit
message in the corresponding mailbox has been canceled (aborted) normally.
Bit x
ABACKx
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Completion of transmit message cancellation for corresponding mailbox
(Initial value)
(x = 15 to 0)
Bit 8—Reserved: This bit always reads 0. The write value should always be 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 550 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.9
Receive Complete Register (RXPR)
The receive complete register (RXPR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing status flags
that indicate normal reception of messages (data frame or remote frame) in mailboxes (buffers).
When receiving a remote frame, the corresponding remote-request register (REPR) is also set at
the same time.
RXPR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
RXPR7
RXPR6
RXPR5
RXPR4
RXPR3
RXPR2
RXPR1
RXPR0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RXPR15 RXPR14 RXPR13 RXPR12 RXPR11 RXPR10 RXPR9
Initial value:
R/W:
RXPR8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
Note: * Only a write of 1 is permitted, to clear the flag.
Bits 15 to 0—Receive Complete Register: These bits indicate that a receive message has been
received normally in the corresponding mailbox.
Bit x
RXPRx
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
(Initial value)
1
Completion of message (data frame or remote frame) reception in corresponding
mailbox
(x = 15 to 0)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 551 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.10 Remote Request Register (RFPR)
The remote request register (RFPR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing status flags
that indicate normal reception of remote frames in mailboxes (buffers). When this bit is set, the
corresponding receive-completed bit is set the same time.
RFPR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
RFPR7
RFPR6
RFPR5
RFPR4
RFPR3
RFPR2
RFPR1
RFPR0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RFPR15 RFPR14 RFPR13 RFPR12 RFPR11 RFPR10 RFPR9
Initial value:
R/W:
RFPR8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
Note: * Only a write of 1 is permitted, to clear the flag.
Bits 15 to 0—Remote Request Register: These bits indicate that a remote frame has been
received normally in the corresponding mailbox.
Bit x
RFPRx
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Completion of remote frame reception in corresponding mailbox
(Initial value)
(x = 15 to 0)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 552 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.11 Interrupt Register (IRR)
The interrupt register (IRR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing status flags for the
various interrupt sources.
IRR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
IRR7
IRR6
IRR5
IRR4
IRR3
IRR2
IRR1
IRR0
0
R/(W)*
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R
R
R/(W)*
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
IRR12
—
—
IRR9
IRR8
0
R/(W)*
0
0
0
0
—
—
R
R/(W)*
Initial value:
0
0
0
R/W:
—
—
—
Note: * Only a write of 1 is permitted, to clear the flag.
Bit 15—Overload Frame Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating that the HCAN has transmitted
an overload frame.
Bit 15
IRR7
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Overload frame transmission
(Initial value)
[Setting conditions]
When overload frame is transmitted
Bit 14—Bus Off Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating the bus off state caused by the transmit
error counter.
Bit 14
IRR6
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Bus off state caused by transmit error
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When TEC ≥ 256
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 553 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bit 13—Error Passive Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating the error passive state caused by the
transmit/receive error counter.
Bit 13
IRR5
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Error passive state caused by transmit/receive error
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When TEC ≥ 128 or REC ≥ 128
Bit 12—Receive Overload Warning Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating the error warning
state caused by the receive error counter.
Bit 12
IRR4
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Error warning state caused by receive error
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When REC ≥ 96
Bit 11—Transmit Overload Warning Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating the error warning
state caused by the transmit error counter.
Bit 11
IRR3
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Error warning state caused by transmit error
[Setting condition]
When TEC ≥ 96
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 554 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bit 10—Remote Frame Request Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating that a remote frame has
been received in a mailbox (buffer).
Bit 10
IRR2
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
(Initial value)
Clearing of all bits in RFPR (remote request register) of the mailbox, which enables the
receive interrupt requests in the MBIMR
1
Remote frame received and stored in mailbox
[Setting conditions]
When remote frame reception is completed, when corresponding
MBIMR = 0
Bit 9—Receive Message Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating that a mailbox (buffer) receive
message has been received normally.
Bit 9
IRR1
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
(Initial value)
Clearing of all bits in RXPR (receive complete register) of the mailbox, which enables
the receive interrupt requests in the MBIMR
1
Data frame or remote frame received and stored in mailbox
[Setting conditions]
When data frame or remote frame reception is completed, when corresponding
MBIMR = 0
Bit 8—Reset Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating that the HCAN module has been reset. This
bit cannot be masked by the interrupt mask register (IMR). When this bit is not cleared after a
reset input or recovery from software standby mode, this bit executes the interrupt processing
immediately by enabling an interrupt by the interrupt controller.
Bit 8
IRR0
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
Hardware reset (HCAN module stop*, software standby)
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When reset processing is completed after a hardware reset (HCAN module stop*,
software standby)
Note: * After reset or hardware standby release, the module stop bit is initialized to 1, and so the
HCAN enters the module stop state.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 555 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bits 7 to 5, 3, and 2—Reserved: These bits always read 0. The write value should always be 0.
Bit 4—Bus Operation Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating detection of a dominant bit due to
bus operation when the HCAN module is in HCAN sleep mode.
Bit 4
IRR12
Description
0
CAN bus idle state
(Initial value)
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
1
CAN bus operation in HCAN sleep mode
[Setting condition]
Bus operation (dominant bit detection) in HCAN sleep mode
Bit 1—Unread Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating that a receive message has been overwritten
while still unread.
Bit 1
IRR9
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Clearing of all bits in UMSR (unread message status register)
1
Unread message overwrite
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When UMSR (unread message status register) is set
Bit 0—Mailbox Empty Interrupt Flag: Status flag indicating that the next transmit message can
be stored in the mailbox.
Bit 0
IRR8
Description
0
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
(Initial value)
1
Transmit message has been transmitted or aborted, and new message can be stored
[Setting condition]
When TXPR (transmit wait register) is cleared by completion of transmission or
completion of transmission abort
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 556 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.12 Mailbox Interrupt Mask Register (MBIMR)
The mailbox interrupt mask register (MBIMR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing
flags that enable or disable individual mailbox (buffer) interrupt requests.
MBIMR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
MBIMR7
MBIMR6
MBIMR5
MBIMR4
MBIMR3
MBIMR2
MBIMR1
MBIMR0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MBIMR15 MBIMR14 MBIMR13 MBIMR12 MBIMR11 MBIMR10 MBIMR9
Initial value:
R/W:
MBIMR8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Bits 15 to 0—Mailbox Interrupt Mask (MBIMRx): Flags that enable or disable individual
mailbox interrupt requests.
Bit x
MBIMRx
0
Description
[Transmitting]
Interrupt request to CPU due to TXPR clearing
[Receiving]
Interrupt request to CPU due to RXPR setting
1
Interrupt requests to CPU disabled
(Initial value)
(x = 15 to 0)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 557 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.13 Interrupt Mask Register (IMR)
The interrupt mask register (IMR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing flags that
enable or disable requests by individual interrupt sources.
IMR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
IMR7
IMR6
IMR5
IMR4
IMR3
IMR2
IMR1
—
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
IMR12
—
—
IMR9
IMR8
Initial value:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W:
—
—
—
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
Bit 15—Overload Frame/Bus Off Recovery Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables overload
frame/bus off recovery interrupt requests.
Bit 15
IMR7
Description
0
Overload frame/bus off recovery interrupt request to CPU by IRR7 enabled
1
Overload frame/bus off recovery interrupt request to CPU by IRR7 disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 14—Bus Off Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables bus off interrupt requests caused by the
transmit error counter.
Bit 14
IMR6
Description
0
Bus off interrupt request to CPU by IRR6 enabled
1
Bus off interrupt request to CPU by IRR6 disabled
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 558 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bit 13—Error Passive Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables error passive interrupt requests
caused by the transmit/receive error counter.
Bit 13
IMR5
Description
0
Error passive interrupt request to CPU by IRR5 enabled
1
Error passive interrupt request to CPU by IRR5 disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 12—Receive Overload Warning Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables error warning
interrupt requests caused by the receive error counter.
Bit 12
IMR4
Description
0
REC error warning interrupt request to CPU by IRR4 enabled
1
REC error warning interrupt request to CPU by IRR4 disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 11—Transmit Overload Warning Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables error warning
interrupt requests caused by the transmit error counter.
Bit 11
IMR3
Description
0
TEC error warning interrupt request to CPU by IRR3 enabled
1
TEC error warning interrupt request to CPU by IRR3 disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 10—Remote Frame Request Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables remote frame reception
interrupt requests.
Bit 10
IMR2
Description
0
Remote frame reception interrupt request to CPU by IRR2 enabled
1
Remote frame reception interrupt request to CPU by IRR2 disabled
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 559 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Bit 9—Receive Message Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables message reception interrupt
requests.
Bit 9
IMR1
Description
0
Message reception interrupt request to CPU by IRR1 enabled
1
Message reception interrupt request to CPU by IRR1 disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 8—Reserved: This bit always reads 0. The write value should always be 0.
Bits 7 to 5, 3, and 2—Reserved: These bits always read 1. The write value should always be 1.
Bit 4—Bus Operation Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables interrupt requests due to bus
operation in sleep mode.
Bit 4
IMR12
Description
0
Bus operation interrupt request to CPU by IRR12 enabled
1
Bus operation interrupt request to CPU by IRR12 disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 1—Unread Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables unread receive message overwrite interrupt
requests.
Bit 1
IMR9
Description
0
Unread message overwrite interrupt request to CPU by IRR9 enabled
1
Unread message overwrite interrupt request to CPU by IRR9 disabled
(Initial value)
Bit 0—Mailbox Empty Interrupt Mask: Enables or disables mailbox empty interrupt requests.
Bit 0
IMR8
Description
0
Mailbox empty interrupt request to CPU by IRR8 enabled
1
Mailbox empty interrupt request to CPU by IRR8 disabled
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 560 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.14 Receive Error Counter (REC)
The receive error counter (REC) is an 8-bit read-only register that functions as a counter indicating
the number of receive message errors on the CAN bus. The count value is stipulated in the CAN
protocol.
REC
Bit:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W:
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
15.2.15 Transmit Error Counter (TEC)
The transmit error counter (TEC) is an 8-bit read-only register that functions as a counter
indicating the number of transmit message errors on the CAN bus. The count value is stipulated in
the CAN protocol.
TEC
Bit:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Initial value:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W:
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 561 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.16 Unread Message Status Register (UMSR)
The unread message status register (UMSR) is a 16-bit readable/writable register containing status
flags that indicate, for individual mailboxes (buffers), that a received message has been
overwritten by a new receive message before being read. If a previously received message is
overwritten by a newly received message, the old data will be lost.
UMSR
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
UMSR7
UMSR6
UMSR5
UMSR4
UMSR3
UMSR2
UMSR1
UMSR0
0
R/(W)*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
UMSR15 UMSR14 UMSR13 UMSR12 UMSR11 UMSR10
UMSR9
UMSR8
0
R/(W)*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
R/(W)*
Note: * Only 1 can be written, to clear the flag.
Bits 15 to 0—Unread Message Status Flags (UMSRx): Status flags indicating that an unread
receive message has been overwritten.
Bit x
UMSRx
0
1
Description
[Clearing condition]
Writing 1
(Initial value)
Unread receive message is overwritten by a new message
[Setting condition]
When a new message is received before RXPR is cleared
(x = 15 to 0)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 562 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.17 Local Acceptance Filter Masks (LAFML, LAFMH)
The local acceptance filter masks (LAFML, LAFMH) are 16-bit readable/writable registers that
filter receive messages to be stored in the receive-only mailbox (RX0) according to the identifier.
In these registers, consist of LAFMH15 (MSB) to LAFMH5 (LSB) are 11 standard/extended
identifier bits, and LAFMH1 (MSB) to LAFML0 (LSB) are 18 extended identifier bits.
LAFML
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
LAFML7
LAFML6
LAFML5
LAFML4
LAFML3
LAFML2
LAFML1
LAFML0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LAFML15 LAFML14 LAFML13 LAFML12 LAFML11 LAFML10 LAFML9
Initial value:
R/W:
LAFML8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
LAFMH7
LAFMH6
LAFMH5
—
—
—
LAFMH1
LAFMH0
LAFMH
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
Bit:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LAFMH15 LAFMH14 LAFMH13 LAFMH12 LAFMH11 LAFMH10 LAFMH9
Initial value:
R/W:
LAFMH8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 563 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
LAFMH Bits 7 to 0 and 15 to 13—11-Bit Identifier Filter (LAFMHx): Filter mask bits for the
first 11 bits of the receive message identifier (for both standard and extended identifiers).
Bit x
LAFMHx
Description
0
Stored in RX0 (receive-only mailbox) depending on bit match between RX0 message
identifier and receive message identifier
(Initial value)
1
Stored in RX0 (receive-only mailbox) regardless of bit match between RX0 message
identifier and receive message identifier
(x = 15 to 0)
LAFMH Bits 12 to 10—Reserved: These bits always read 0. The write value should always be 0.
LAFMH Bits 9 and 8, LAFML bits 15 to 0—18-Bit Identifier Filter (LAFMHx, LAFMLx):
Filter mask bits for the 18 bits of the receive message identifier (extended).
Bit x
LAFMHx
LAFMLx
Description
0
Stored in RX0 (receive-only mailbox) depending on bit match between RX0 message
identifier and receive message identifier
(Initial value)
1
Stored in RX0 (receive-only mailbox) regardless of bit match between RX0 message
identifier and receive message identifier
(x = 15 to 0)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 564 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.18 Message Control (MC0 to MC15)
The message control register sets (MC0 to MC15) consist of eight 8-bit readable/writable registers
(MCx[1] to MCx[8]). The HCAN has 16 sets of these registers (MC0 to MC15).
The initial value of these registers is undefined, so they must be initialized (by writing 0 or 1).
MCx [1]
Bit:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
DLC3
DLC2
DLC1
DLC0
Initial value:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W:
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
MCx [2]
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
MCx [3]
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MCx [4]
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
*:Undefined
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 565 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
MCx [5]
Bit:
7
6
5
R/W:
3
2
1
0
RTR
IDE
—
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
STD_ID2 STD_ID1 STD_ID0
Initial value:
4
EXD_ID17 EXD_ID16
MCx [6]
Bit:
STD_ID10 STD_ID9 STD_ID8 STD_ID7 STD_ID6 STD_ID5 STD_ID4 STD_ID3
Initial value:
R/W:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MCx [7]
Bit:
EXD_ID7 EXD_ID6 EXD_ID5 EXD_ID4 EXD_ID3 EXD_ID2 EXD_ID1 EXD_ID0
Initial value:
R/W:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
4
3
MCx [8]
Bit:
5
2
1
0
EXD_ID15 EXD_ID14 EXD_ID13 EXD_ID12 EXD_ID11 EXD_ID10 EXD_ID9 EXD_ID8
Initial value:
R/W:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
*:Undefined
(x = 15 to 0)
MCx[1] Bits 7 to 4—Reserved: The initial value of these bits is undefined; they must be
initialized (by writing 0 or 1).
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
MCx[1] Bits 3 to 0—Data Length Code (DLC): These bits indicate the required length of data
frames and remote frames.
Bit 3
DLC3
Bit 2
DLC2
Bit 1
DLC1
Bit 0
DLC0
Description
0
0
0
0
Data length = 0 bytes
1
Data length = 1 byte
0
Data length = 2 bytes
1
Data length = 3 bytes
0
Data length = 4 bytes
1
Data length = 5 bytes
0
Data length = 6 bytes
1
Data length = 7 bytes
0
Data length = 8 bytes
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
Other than the above
Setting prohibited
MCx[2] Bits 7 to 0—Reserved: The initial value of these bits is undefined; they must be
initialized (by writing 0 or 1).
MCx[3] Bits 7 to 0—Reserved: The initial value of these bits is undefined; they must be
initialized (by writing 0 or 1).
MCx[4] Bits 7 to 0—Reserved: The initial value of these bits is undefined; they must be
initialized (by writing 0 or 1).
MCx[6] Bits 7 to 0—Standard Identifier (STD_ID10 to STD_ID3):
MCx[5] Bits 7 to 5—Standard Identifier (STD_ID2 to STD_ID0):
These bits set the identifier (standard identifier) of data frames and remote frames.
Standard identifier
SOF ID10
ID9
ID8
ID7
ID6
ID5
ID4
ID3
ID2
ID1
ID0
RTR
SRR
IDE
STD_IDxx
Figure 15.2 Standard Indentifier
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
MCx[5] Bit 4—Remote Transmission Request (RTR): Used to distinguish between data frames
and remote frames.
Bit 4
RTR
Description
0
Data frame
1
Remote frame
MCx[5] Bit 3—Identifier Extension (IDE): Used to distinguish between the standard format and
extended format of data frames and remote frames.
Bit 3
IDE
Description
0
Standard format
1
Extended format
MCx[5] Bit 2—Reserved: The initial value of this bit is undefined; it must be initialized (by
writing 0 or 1).
MCx[5] Bits 1 and 0—Extended Identifier (EXD_ID17, EXD_ID16):
MCx[8] Bits 7 to 0—Extended Identifier (EXD_ID15 to EXD_ID8):
MCx[7] Bits 7 to 0—Extended Identifier (EXD_ID7 to EXD_ID0):
These bits set the identifier (extended identifier) of data frames and remote frames.
Extended Identifier
IDE
ID17 ID16 ID15 ID14
ID13 ID12 ID11 ID10
ID9
ID8
EXD_IDxx
ID4
ID3
ID2
ID1
ID0
RTR
EXD_IDxx
Figure 15.3 Extended Indentifier
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R1
ID7
ID6
ID5
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.2.19 Message Data (MD0 to MD15)
The message data register sets (MD0 to MD15) consist of eight 8-bit readable/writable registers
(MDx[1] to MDx[8]). The HCAN has 16 sets of these registers (MD0 to MD15).
The initial value of these registers is undefined, so they must be initialized (by writing 0 or 1).
MDx [1]
MSG_DATA_1 (8 bits)
MDx [2]
MSG_DATA_2 (8 bits)
MDx [3]
MSG_DATA_3 (8 bits)
MDx [4]
MSG_DATA_4 (8 bits)
MDx [5]
MSG_DATA_5 (8 bits)
MDx [6]
MSG_DATA_6 (8 bits)
MDx [7]
MSG_DATA_7 (8 bits)
MDx [8]
MSG_DATA_8 (8 bits)
(x = 15 to 0)
15.2.20 Module Stop Control Register C (MSTPCRC)
Bit:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPC7 MSTPC6 MSTPC5 MSTPC4 MSTPC3 MSTPC2 MSTPC1 MSTPC0
Initial value:
R/W:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MSTPCRC is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPC3 bit is set to 1, HCAN operation is stopped at the end of the bus cycle, and
module stop mode is entered. Register read/write accesses are not possible in module stop mode.
For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRC is initialized to H'FF by a reset, and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 3—Module Stop (MSTPC3): Specifies the HCAN module stop mode.
Bit 3
MSTPC3
Description
0
HCAN module stop mode is cleared
1
HCAN module stop mode is set
(Initial value)
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.3
Operation
This LSI device is equipped with 2-channel HCAN modules, which are controlled independently.
Both modules have identical specifications, and they are controlled in the same manner.
15.3.1
Hardware and Software Resets
The HCAN can be reset by a hardware reset or software reset.
Hardware Reset (HCAN Module Stop, Reset*, Hardware*/Software Standby): Initialization
is performed by automatic setting of the MCR reset request bit (MCR0) in MCR and the reset state
bit (GSR3) in GSR within the HCAN (hardware reset). At the same time, all internal registers are
initialized. However mailbox contents are retained. A flowchart of this reset is shown in figure
15.4.
Note: * In a reset and in hardware standby mode, the module stop bit is initialized to 1 and the
HCAN enters the module stop state.
Software Reset (Write to MCR0): In normal operation initialization is performed by setting the
MCR reset request bit (MCR0) in MCR (Software reset). With this kind of reset, if the CAN
controller is performing a communication operation (transmission or reception), the initialization
state is not entered until the message has been completed. During initialization, the reset state bit
(GSR3) in GSR is set. In this kind of initialization, the error counters (TEC and REC) are
initialized but other registers and RAM (mailboxes) are not. A flowchart of this reset is shown in
figure 15.5.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.3.2
Initialization after Hardware Reset
After a hardware reset, the following initialization processing should be carried out:
•
•
•
•
•
IRR0 bit in the interrupt register (IRR) clearing
Bit rate setting
Mailbox transmit/receive settings
Mailbox (RAM) initialization
Message transmission method setting
These initial settings must be made while the HCAN is in bit configuration mode. Configuration
mode is a state in which the reset request bit (MCR0) in the master control register (MCR) is 1 and
the reset status bit in the general status register (GSR) is also 1 (GSR3 = 1). Configuration mode is
exited by clearing the reset request bit in MCR to 0; when MCR0 is cleared to 0, the HCAN
automatically clears the reset state bit (GSR3) in the general status register (GSR). The power-up
sequence then begins, and communication with the CAN bus is possible as soon as the sequence
ends. The power-up sequence consists of the detection of 11 consecutive recessive bits.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Hardware reset
MCR0 = 1 (automatic)
IRR0 = 1 (automatic)*1
GSR3 = 1 (automatic)
Initialization of HCAN module
Bit configuration mode
Period in which BCR, MBCR, etc.,
are initialized
Clear IRR0
BCR setting
MBCR setting
Mailbox (RAM) initialization
Message transmission method initialization
MCR0 = 0
GSR3 = 0?
No
Yes
IMR setting (interrupt mask setting)
MBIMR setting (interrupt mask setting)
MC[x] setting (receive identifier setting)
LAFM setting (receive identifier mask setting)
GSR3 = 0 & 11
recessive bits received?
Yes
CAN bus communication enabled
No
: Settings by user
: Processing by hardware
Notes: 1. When IRR0 is set to 1 (automatically) due to a hardware reset*2, a "hardware reset
initiated reset processing" interrupt is generated.
2. In a reset and in hardware standby mode, the module stop bit is initialized to 1 and
the HCAN enters the module stop state.
Figure 15.4 Hardware Reset Flowchart
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
MCR0 = 1
Bus idle?
No
Yes
GSR3 = 1 (automatic)
Initialization of REC and TEC only
BCR setting
MBCR setting
Mailbox (RAM) initialization
Message transmission method
initialization
OK?
Correction
No
Yes
MCR0 = 0
GSR3 = 0?
No
Yes
IMR setting
MBIMR setting
MC[x] setting
LAFM setting
OK?
Correction
No
Yes
GSR3 = 0 & 11
recessive bits received?
Yes
CAN bus communication enabled
No
: Settings by user
: Processing by hardware
Figure 15.5 Software Reset Flowchart
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Clearing the IRR0 bit of the Interrupt Register (IRR): The reset interrupt flag (IRR0) is
always set after a reset or recovery from software standby mode. A HCAN interrupt is
immediately entered if interrupts are enabled, so the IRR0 must be cleared.
Bit Rate and Bit Timing Settings: As bit rate settings, a baud rate setting and bit timing setting
must be made each time a CAN node begins communication. The baud rate and bit timing settings
are made in the bit configuration register (BCR).
Note: BCR can be written to at all times, but should only be modified in configuration mode.
Settings should be made so that all CAN controllers connected to the CAN bus have the
same baud rate and bit width.
Refer to table 15.3 for the range of values that can be used as settings (TSEG1, TSEG2,
BRP, sample point, and SJW) for BCR.
Table 15.3 BCR Register Value Setting Ranges
Name
Abbreviation
Min.
Value
Max.
Value
Time segment 1
TSEG1
B'0011
B'1111
Time segment 2
TSEG2
B'001
B'111
Baud rate prescaler
BRP
B'000000
B'111111
Sample point
SAM
B'0
B'1
Re-synchronization jump width
SJW
B'00
B'11
Value Setting Ranges
• The value of SJW is stipulated in the CAN specifications.
3 ≥ SJW ≥ 0
• The minimum value of TSEG1 is stipulated in the CAN specifications.
TSEG1 > TSEG2
• The minimum value of TSEG2 is stipulated in the CAN specifications.
TSEG2 ≥ SJW
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
The following formula is used to calculate the baud rate.
Bit rate =
fCLK
2 × (BRP + 1) × (3 + TSEG1 + TSEG2)
Note: fCLK = φ (system clock)
The BCR value is used in the BRP, TSEG1, and TSEG2.
Example: With a 1 Mb/s baud rate and a 20 MHz input clock:
1 Mb/s =
20 MHz
2 × (0 + 1) × (3 + 4 + 3)
Set Values
Actual Values
fCLK = 20 MHz
—
BRP = 0 (B'000000)
System clock × 2
TSEG1 = 4 (B'0100)
5TQ
TSEG2 = 3 (B'011)
4TQ
1-bit time
1-bit time (8 to 25 time quanta)
SYNC_SEG
1
PRSEG
PHSEG1
TSEG1 (time segment 1)*
2 to 16
PHSEG2
TSEG2
(time segment 2)*
2 to 8
Quantum
Legend:
SYNC_SEG: Segment for establishing synchronization of nodes on the CAN bus. (Normal
bit edge transitions occur in this segment.)
PRSEG:
Segment for compensating for physical delay between networks.
PHSEG1:
Buffer segment for correcting phase drift (positive). (This segment is extended
when synchronization (resynchronization) is established.)
PHSEG2:
Buffer segment for correcting phase drift (negative). (This segment is
shortened when synchronization (resynchronization) is established.)
Note: * The time quanta values of TSEG1 and TSEG2 become the value of TSEG + 1.
Figure 15.6 Detailed Description of Timing within 1 Bit
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
HCAN bit rate calculation:
Bit rate =
fCLK
2 × (BRP + 1) × (3 + TSEG1 + TSEG2)
Note: fCLK = φ (system clock)
The BCR values are used for BRP, TSEG1, and TSEG2.
BCR Setting Constraints
TSEG1 > TSEG2 ≥ SJW
(SJW = 0 to 3)
These constraints allow the setting range shown in table 15.4 for TSEG1 and TSEG2 in BCR.
Table 15.4 Setting Range for TSEG1 and TSEG2 in BCR
TSEG2 (BCR [14:12])
TSEG1
(BCR [11:8])
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
No
Yes*
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
0110
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
0111
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
1000
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1011
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1100
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1101
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1110
Yes*
Yes*
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
0011
0100
0101
1001
1010
1111
Notes: The time quanta value for TSEG1 and TSEG2 is the TSEG value + 1.
* Only a value other than BRP[13:8] = B'000000 can be set.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Mailbox Transmit/Receive Settings: HCAN0, 1 each have 16 mailboxes. Mailbox 0 is receiveonly, while mailboxes 1 to 15 can be set for transmission or reception. Mailboxes that can be set
for transmission or reception must be designated either for transmission use or for reception use
before communication begins. The Initial status of mailboxes 1 to 15 is for transmission (while
mailbox 0 is for reception only). Mailbox transmit/receive settings are not initialized by a software
reset.
• Setting for transmission
Transmit mailbox setting (mailboxes 1 to 15)
Clearing a bit to 0 in the mailbox configuration register (MBCR) designates the corresponding
mailbox for transmission use. After a reset, mailboxes are initialized for transmission use, so
this setting is not necessary.
• Setting for reception
Transmit/receive mailbox setting (mailboxes 1 to 15)
Setting a bit to 1 in the mailbox configuration register (MBCR) designates the corresponding
mailbox for reception use. When setting mailboxes for reception, to improve message
transmission efficiency, high-priority messages should be set in low-to-high mailbox order
(priority order: mailbox 1 > mailbox 15).
• Receive-only mailbox (mailbox 0)
No setting is necessary, as this mailbox is always used for reception.
Mailbox (Message Control/Data (MCx[x], MDx[x])) Initial Settings: After power is supplied,
all registers and RAM (message control/data, control registers, status registers, etc.) are initialized.
Message control/data (MCx[x], MDx[x]) only are in RAM, and so their values are undefined.
Initial values must therefore be set in all the mailboxes (by writing 0s or 1s).
Setting the Message Transmission Method: Either of the following message transmission
methods can be selected with the message transmission method bit (MCR2) in the master control
register (MCR):
a. Transmission order determined by message identifier priority
b. Transmission order determined by mailbox number priority
When a is selected, if a number of messages are designated as waiting for transmission (TXPR =
1), the message with the highest priority set in the message identifier (MCx[5] to MCx[8]) is
stored in the transmit buffer. CAN bus arbitration is then carried out for the message in the
transmit buffer, and message transmission is performed when the transmission right is acquired.
When the TXPR bit is set, internal arbitration is performed again, and the highest-priority message
is found and stored in the transmit buffer.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
When b is selected, if a number of messages are designated as waiting for transmission (TXPR =
1), messages are stored in the transmit buffer in low-to-high mailbox order (priority order:
mailbox 1 > mailbox 15). CAN bus arbitration is then carried out for the messages in the transmit
buffer, and message transmission is performed when the bus is acquired.
15.3.3
Transmit Mode
Message transmission is performed using mailboxes 1 to 15. The transmission procedure is
described below, and a transmission flowchart is shown in figure 15.7.
Initialization (after hardware reset only)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
IRR0 bit in the intereupt register (IRR0) clearing
Bit rate settings
Mailbox transmit/receive settings
Mailbox initialization
Message transmission method setting
Interrupt and transmit data settings
a.
b.
c.
d.
CPU interrupt source setting
Arbitration field setting
Control field setting
Data field setting
Message transmission and interrupts
a.
b.
c.
d.
Message transmission wait
Message transmission completion and interrupt
Message transmission abort
Message retransmission
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Initialization (After Hardware Reset Only): These settings should be made while the HCAN is
in bit configuration mode.
• IRR0 clearing
The reset interrupt flag (IRR0) is always set after a reset or recovery from software standby
mode. A HCAN interrupt is immediately entered if interrupts are enabled, so that IRR0 must
be cleared.
• Bit rate settings
Set values relating to the CAN bus communication speed and resynchronization. Refer to Bit
Rate and Bit Timing Settings in section 15.3.2, Initialization after Hardware Reset, for details.
• Mailbox transmit/receive settings
Mailbox transmit/receive settings should be made in advance. A total of 15 mailbox can be set
for transmission or reception (mailboxes 1 to 15). To set a mailbox for transmission, clear the
corresponding bit to 0 in the mailbox configuration register (MBCR). Refer to Mailbox
transmit/receive settings in section 15.3.2, Initialization after Hardware Reset, for details.
• Mailbox initialization
As message control/data registers (MCx[x], MDx[x]) are configured in RAM, their initial
values after powering on are undefined, and so bit initialization is necessary. Write 0s or 1s to
the mailboxes. Refer to Mailbox (message control/data (Mcx[x], Mdx[x])) initial settings in
section 15.3.2, Initialization after Hardware Reset, for details.
• Message transmission method setting
Set the transmission method for mailboxes designated for transmission. The following two
transmission methods can be used. Refer to Message transmission method settings in section
15.3.2, Initialization after Hardware Reset, for details.
a. Transmission order determined by message identifier priority
b. Transmission order determined by mailbox number priority
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Initialization (after hardware reset only)
IRR0 clearing
BCR setting
MBCR setting
Mailbox initialization
Message transmission method setting
Interrupt settings
Transmit data setting
Arbitration field setting
Control field setting
Data field setting
Message transmission wait
TXPR setting
Bus idle?
No
Yes
Message transmission
GSR2 = 0 (during transmission only)
Transmission completed?
No
Yes
TXACK = 1
IRR8 = 1
IMR8 = 1?
Yes
No
Interrupt to CPU
Clear TXACK
Clear IRR8
: Settings by user
End of transmission
Figure 15.7 Transmission Flowchart
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: Processing by hardware
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Interrupt and Transmit Data Settings: When mailbox initialization is finished, CPU interrupt
source settings and data settings must be made. Interrupt source settings are made in the mailbox
interrupt register (MBIMR) and interrupt mask register (IMR), while transmit data settings are
made by writing the necessary data from the arbitration field, control field, and data field,
described below, in the corresponding message control (MCx[1] to MCx[8]) and message data
(MDx[1] to MDx[8]).
• CPU interrupt source settings
Transmission acknowledge and transmission abort acknowledge interrupts can be masked for
individual mailboxes in the mailbox interrupt mask register (MBIMR). Interrupt register (IRR)
interrupts can be masked in the interrupt mask register (IMR).
• Arbitration field setting
In the arbitration field, the 11-bit identifier (STD_ID0 to STD_ID10) and RTR bit (standard
format) or 29-bit identifier (STD_ID0 to STD_ID10, EXT_ID0 to EXT_ID17) and IDE.RTR
bit (extended format) are set. The registers to be set are MCx[5] to MCx[8].
• Control field setting
In the control field, the byte length of the data to be transmitted is set in DLC0 to DLC3. The
register to be set is MCx[1].
• Data field setting
In the data field, the data to be transmitted is set in byte units in the range of 0 to 8 bytes. The
registers to be set are MDx[1] to MDx[8].
The number of bytes in the data actually transmitted depends on the data length code (DLC) in the
control field. If a value exceeding the value set in DLC is set in the data field, only the number of
bytes set in DLC will actually be transmitted.
Message Transmission and Interrupts:
• Message transmission wait
If message transmission is to be performed after completion of the message control (MCx[1] to
MCx[8]) and message data (MDx[1] to MDx[8]).settings, transmission is started by setting the
corresponding mailbox transmit wait bit (TXPR1 to TXPR15) to 1 in the transmit wait register
(TXPR). The following two transmission methods can be used:
a. Transmission order determined by message identifier priority
b. Transmission order determined by mailbox number priority
When a is selected, if a number of messages are designated as waiting for transmission (TXPR
= 1), messages are stored in the transmit buffer in low-to-high mailbox order (priority order:
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 581 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
mailbox 1 > mailbox 15). CAN bus arbitration is then carried out for the messages in the
transmit buffer, and message transmission is performed when the bus is acquired.
When b is selected, if a number of messages are designated as waiting for transmission (TXPR
= 1), the message with the highest priority set in the message identifier (MCx[5] to MCx[8]) is
stored in the transmit buffer. CAN bus arbitration is then carried out for the message in the
transmit buffer, and message transmission is performed when the transmission right is
acquired. When the TXPR bit is set, internal arbitration is performed again, the highest-priority
message is found and stored in the transmit buffer, CAN bus arbitration is carried out in the
same way, and message transmission is performed when the transmission right is acquired.
• Message transmission completion and interrupt
When a message is transmitted error-free using the above procedure, The corresponding
acknowledge bit (TXACK1 to TXACK15) in the transmit acknowledge register (TXACK) and
transmit wait bit (TXPR1 to TXPR15) in the transmit wait register (TXPR) are automatically
initialized. When the corresponding bits (MBIMR1 to MBIMR15) of the mailbox interrupt
mask register (MBIMR) and the mailbox empty interrupt (IRR8) of the interrupt mask register
(IMR) are set to enable interrupts, they can issue an interrupt to the CPU.
• Message transmission cancellation
Transmission cancellation can be specified for a message stored in a mailbox as a transmit wait
message. A transmit wait message is canceled by setting the bit for the corresponding mailbox
(TXCR1 to TXCR15) to 1 in the transmit cancel register (TXCR). When cancellation is
executed, the transmit wait register (TXPR) is automatically reset, and the corresponding bit is
set to 1 in the abort acknowledge register (ABACK). An interrupt to the CPU can be requested.
Also, if the mailbox empty interrupt (IRR8) is enabled for the bits (MBIMR1 to MBIMR15)
corresponding to the mailbox interrupt mask register (MBIMR) and interrupt mask register
(IMR), interrupts may be sent to the CPU.
However, a transmit wait message cannot be canceled at the following times:
a. During internal arbitration or CAN bus arbitration
b. During data frame or remote frame transmission
Also, transmission cannot be canceled by clearing the transmit wait register (TXPR). Figure
15.8 shows a flowchart of transmit message cancellation.
• Message retransmission
If transmission of a transmit message is aborted in the following cases, the message is
retransmitted automatically:
a. CAN bus arbitration failure (failure to acquire the bus)
b. Error during transmission (bit error, stuff error, CRC error, frame error, ACK error)
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Message transmit wait TXPR setting
Set TXCR bit corresponding to message
to be canceled
Cancellation possible?
No
Yes
Message not sent
Clear TXCR, TXPR
ABACK = 1
IRR8 = 1
IMR8 = 1?
Completion of message transmission
TXACK = 1
Clear TXCR, TXPR
IRR8 = 1
Yes
No
Interrupt to CPU
Clear TXACK
Clear ABACK
Clear IRR8
: Settings by user
End of transmission/transmission
cancellation
: Processing by hardware
Figure 15.8 Transmit Message Cancellation Flowchart
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.3.4
Receive Mode
Message reception is performed using mailboxes 0 and 1 to 15. The reception procedure is
described below, and a reception flowchart is shown in figure 15.9.
Initialization (after hardware reset only)
a.
b.
c.
d.
IRR0 bit in the interrupt register (IRR0) clearing
Bit rate settings
Mailbox transmit/receive settings
Mailbox (RAM) initialization
Interrupt and receive message settings
a. CPU interrupt source setting
b. Arbitration field setting
c. Local acceptance filter mask (LAFM) settings
Message reception and interrupts
a.
b.
c.
d.
Message reception CRC check
Data frame reception
Remote frame reception
Unread message reception
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Initialization (After Hardware Reset Only): These settings should be made while the HCAN is
in bit configuration mode.
• IRR0 clearing
The reset interrupt flag (IRR0) is always set after a reset or recovery from software standby
mode. A HCAN interrupt is immediately entered if interrupts are enabled, so the IRR0 must
be cleared.
• Bit rate settings
Set values relating to the CAN bus communication speed and resynchronization. Refer to Bit
Rate and Bit Timing Settings in section 15.3.2, Initialization after Hardware Reset, for details.
• Mailbox transmit/receive settings
Each channel has one receive-only mailbox (mailbox 0) plus 15 mailboxes that can be set for
reception. Thus a total of 16 mailboxes can be used for reception. To set a mailbox for
reception, set the corresponding bit to 1 in the mailbox configuration register (MBCR). The
initial setting for mailboxes is 0, designating transmission use. Refer to Mailbox
transmit/receive settings in section 15.3.2, Initialization after Hardware Reset, for details.
• Mailbox (RAM) initialization
As message control/data registers (MCx[x], MDx[x]) are configured in RAM, their initial
values after powering on are undefined, and so bit initialization is necessary. Write 0s or 1s to
the mailboxes. Refer to Mailbox (message control/data (MCx[x], MDx[x])) initial settings in
section 15.3.2, Initialization after Hardware Reset, for details.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
: Settings by user
Initialization
BCR setting
MBCR setting
Mailbox (RAM) initialization
: Processing by hardware
Interrupt settings
Receive data setting
Arbitration field setting
Local acceptance filter settings
Message reception
(Match of identifier
in mailbox?)
No
Yes
Same RXPR = 1?
Yes
No
Unread message
No
Data frame?
Yes
RXPR
IRR1 = 1
RXPR, RFPR = 1
IRR2 = 1, IRR1 = 1
Yes
IMR1 = 1?
IMR2 = 1?
No
No
Interrupt to CPU
Interrupt to CPU
Message control read
Message data read
Message control read
Message data read
Clear all RXPR bit in the mailbox, which
enables the receive interupts
requests in the MBIMR
Clear all RXPRn and RFPRn bits in the
mailbox, which enables the receive interupt
requests in the MBIMR
Clear IRR1
Clear IRR2, IRR1
Transmission of data frame corresponding
to remote frame
End of reception
Figure 15.9 Reception Flowchart
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Yes
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Interrupt and Receive Message Settings: When mailbox initialization is finished, CPU interrupt
source settings and receive message specifications must be made. Interrupt source settings are
made in the mailbox interrupt register (MBIMR) and interrupt mask register (IMR). To receive a
message, the identifier must be set in advance in the message control (MCx[1] to MCx[8]) for the
receiving mailbox. When a message is received, all the bits in the receive message identifier are
compared, and if a 100% match is found, the message is stored in the matching mailbox. Mailbox
0 (MB0) has a local acceptance filter mask (LAFM) that allows Don’t Care settings to be made.
• CPU interrupt source settings
When transmitting, transmission acknowledge and transmission abort acknowledge interrupts
can be masked for individual mailboxes in the mailbox interrupt mask register (MBIMR).
When receiving, data frame and remote frame receive wait interrupts can be masked. Interrupt
register (IRR) interrupts can be masked in the interrupt mask register (IMR).
• Arbitration field setting
In the arbitration field, the identifier (STD_ID0 to STD_ID10, EXT_ID0 to EXT_ID17) of the
message to be received is set. If all the bits in the set identifier do not match, the message is
not stored in a mailbox.
Example: Mailbox 1
010_1010_1010 (standard identifier)
Only one kind of message identifier can be received by MB1
Identifier 1: 010_1010_1010
• Local acceptance filter mask (LAFM) setting
The local acceptance filter mask is provided for mailbox 0 (MB0) only, enabling a Don’t Care
specification to be made for all bits in the received identifier. This allows various kinds of
messages to be received.
Example: Mailbox 0
LAFM
010_1010_1010 (standard identifier)
000_0000_0011 (0: Care, 1: Don’t Care)
A total of four kinds of message identifiers can be received by MB0
Identifier 1: 010_1010_1000
Identifier 2: 010_1010_1001
Identifier 3: 010_1010_1010
Identifier 4: 010_1010_1011
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
Message Reception and Interrupts:
• Message reception CRC check
When a message is received, a CRC check is performed automatically (by hardware). If the
result of the CRC check is normal, ACK is transmitted in the ACK field irrespective of
whether or not the message can be received.
• Data frame reception
If the received message is confirmed to be error-free by the CRC check, etc., the identifier in
the mailbox (and also LAFM in the case of mailbox 0 only) and the identifier of the receive
message are compared, and if a complete match is found, the message is stored in the mailbox.
The message identifier comparison is carried out on each mailbox in turn, starting with
mailbox 0 and ending with mailbox 15. If a complete match is found, the comparison ends at
that point, the message is stored in the matching mailbox, and the corresponding receive
complete bit (RXPR0 to RXPR15) is set in the receive complete register (RXPR). However,
when a mailbox 0 LAFM comparison is carried out, even if the identifier matches, the mailbox
comparison sequence does not end at that point, but continues with mailbox 1 and then the
remaining mailboxes. It is therefore possible for a message matching mailbox 0 to be received
by another mailbox (however, the same message cannot be stored in more than one of
mailboxes 1 to 15). If the corresponding bit (MBIMR0 to MBIMR15) in the mailbox interrupt
mask register (MBIMR) and the receive message interrupt mask (IMR1) in the interrupt mask
register (IMR) are set to the interrupt enable value at this time, an interrupt can be sent to the
CPU.
• Remote frame reception
Two kinds of messages—data frames and remote frames—can be stored in mailboxes. A
remote frame differs from a data frame in that the remote reception request bit (RTR) in the
message control register (MC[x]5) and the data field are 0 bytes. The data length to be returned
in a data frame must be stored in the data length code (DLC) in the control field.
When a remote frame (RTR = recessive) is received, the corresponding bit is set in the remote
request wait register (RFPR). If the corresponding bit (MBIMR0 to MBIMR15) in the mailbox
interrupt mask register (MBIMR) and the remote frame request interrupt mask (IRR2) in the
interrupt mask register (IMR) are set to the interrupt enable value at this time, an interrupt can
be sent to the CPU.
• Unread message reception
When the identifier in a mailbox matches a receive message, the message is stored in the
mailbox. If a message overwrite occurs before the CPU reads the message, the corresponding
bit (UMSR0 to UMSR15) is set in the unread message register (UMSR). In overwriting of an
unread message, when a new message is received before the corresponding bit in the receive
complete register (RXPR) has been cleared, the unread message register (UMSR) is set. If the
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 588 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
unread interrupt flag (IRR9) in the interrupt mask register (IMR) is set to the interrupt enable
value at this time, an interrupt can be sent to the CPU. Figure 15.10 shows a flowchart of
unread message overwriting.
Unread message overwrite
UMSR = 1
IRR9 = 1
IMR9 = 1?
Yes
No
Interrupt to CPU
Clear IRR9
Message control/message data read
: Settings by user
End
: Processing by hardware
Figure 15.10 Unread Message Overwrite Flowchart
15.3.5
HCAN Sleep Mode
The HCAN is provided with an HCAN sleep mode that places the HCAN module in the sleep
state to reduce current dissipation. Figure 15.11 shows a flowchart of the HCAN sleep mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 589 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
MCR5 = 1
Bus idle?
No
Yes
Initialize TEC and REC
Bus operation?
No
Yes
IRR12 = 1
IMR12 = 1?
No
CPU interrupt
Yes
Sleep mode clearing method
MCR7 = 0?
No (automatic)
Yes (manual)
MCR5 = 0
Clear sleep mode?
No
Yes
MCR5=0
11 recessive bits?
Yes
CAN bus communication possible
No
: Settings by user
: Processing by hardware
Figure 15.11 HCAN Sleep Mode Flowchart
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
HCAN sleep mode is entered by setting the HCAN sleep mode bit (MCR5) to 1 in the master
control register (MCR). If the CAN bus is operating, the transition to HCAN sleep mode is
delayed until the bus becomes idle.
Either of the following methods of clearing HCAN sleep mode can be selected by making a
setting in the MCR7 bit.
1. Clearing by software
2. Clearing by CAN bus operation
Eleven recessive bits must be received after HCAN sleep mode is cleared before CAN bus
communication is enabled again.
Clearing by software: HCAN sleep mode is cleared by writing a 0 to MCR5 from the CPU.
Clearing by CAN bus operation: Clearing by CAN bus operation occurs automatically when the
CAN bus performs an operation and this change is detected. The first message is not received in
the mailbox and normal receiving starts from the next message. When a change is detected on the
CAN bus in HCAN sleep mode, the bus operation interrupt flag (IRR12) is set in the interrupt
register (IRR). If the bus interrupt mask (IMR12) in the interrupt mask register (IMR) is set to the
interrupt enable value at this time, an interrupt can be sent to the CPU.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.3.6
HCAN Halt Mode
The HCAN halt mode is provided to enable mailbox settings to be changed without performing an
HCAN hardware or software reset. Figure 15.12 shows a flowchart of the HCAN halt mode.
MCR1 = 1
Bus idle?
No
Yes
MBCR setting
MCR1 = 0
: Settings by user
CAN bus communication possible
: Processing by hardware
Figure 15.12 HCAN Halt Mode Flowchart
HCAN halt mode is entered by setting the halt request bit (MCR1) to 1 in the master control
register (MCR). If the CAN bus is operating, the transition to HCAN halt mode is delayed until
the bus becomes idle.
HCAN halt mode is cleared by clearing MCR1 to 0.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.3.7
Interrupt Interface
There are 12 HCAN interrupt sources, to which five independent interrupt vectors are assigned.
Table 15.5 lists the HCAN interrupt sources.
With the exception of the reset processing vector (IRR0), these sources can be masked. Masking is
implemented using the mailbox interrupt mask register (MBIMR) and interrupt mask register
(IMR).
Table 15.5 HCAN Interrupt Sources
IPR Bits
Vector
Vector Number IRR Bit
Description
IPRM
(2 to 0)
ERS0
108
IRR5
Error passive interrupt (TEC ≥ 128 or REC ≥
128)
IRR6
Bus off interrupt (TEC ≥ 256)
OVR0
108
IRR0
Reset processing interrupt
IRR2
Remote frame reception interrupt
IRR3
Error warning interrupt (TEC ≥ 96)
IRR4
Error warning interrupt (REC ≥ 96)
IRR7
Overload frame transmission interrupt
IRR9
Unread message overwrite interrupt
IRR12
HCAN sleep mode CAN bus operation
interrupt
RM0
109
IRR1
Mailbox 0 message reception interrupt
RM1
108
IRR1
Mailbox 1 to 15 message reception interrupt
SLE0
108
IRR8
Message transmission/cancellation interrupt
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.3.8
DTC Interface
The DTC can be activated by reception of a message in the HCAN’s mailbox 0. When DTC
transfer ends after DTC activation has been set, the RXPR0 and RFPR0 flags are acknowledge
signal automatically. An interrupt request due to a receive interrupt from the HCAN cannot be
sent to the CPU in this case. Figure 15.13 shows a DTC transfer flowchart.
DTC initialization
DTC enable register setting
DTC register information setting
Message reception in HCAN’s
mailbox 0
DTC activation
End of DTC transfer?
No
Yes
RXPR and RFPR clearing
Transfer counter = 0
or DISEL = 1?
No
Yes
Interrupt to CPU
: Settings by user
End
Figure 15.13 DTC Transfer Flowchart
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: Processing by hardware
Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.4
CAN Bus Interface
A bus transceiver IC is necessary to connect the H8S/2646 Group chip to a CAN bus. A Philips
PCA82C250 transceiver IC, or compatible device, is recommended. Figure 15.14 shows a sample
connection diagram.
124 Ω
H8S/2646 Group
Vcc
PCA82C250
RS
Vcc
HRxD
RxD CANH
HTxD
TxD CANL
Vref
CAN bus
GND
No connection
124 Ω
Figure 15.14 High-Speed Interface Using PCA82C250
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 595 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
15.5
Usage Notes
1. Reset
The HCAN is reset by a reset, and in hardware standby mode and software standby mode. All
the registers are initialized in a reset, but mailboxes (message control (MCx[x])/message data
(MDx[x]) are not. However, after powering on, mailboxes (message control
(MCx[x])/message data (MDx[x]) are initialized, and their values are undefined. Therefore,
mailbox initialization must always be carried out after a reset or a transition to hardware
standby mode or software standby mode. The reset interrupt flag (IRR0) is always set after a
reset or recovery from software standby mode. This bit cannot be masked by the interrupt
mask register (IMR). When a flag is not cleared and the interrupt controller enables HCAN
interrupts, the HCAN interrupts the CPU. Clear IRR0 during initialization.
2. HCAN sleep mode
The bus operation interrupt flag (IRR12) in the interrupt register (IRR) is set by bus operation
in HCAN sleep mode. Therefore, this flag is not used by the HCAN to indicate sleep mode
release. Also note that the reset status bit (GSR3) in the general status register (GSR) is set in
sleep mode.
3. Interrupts
When the mailbox interrupt mask register (MBIMR) is set, the interrupt register (IRR8,2,1) is
not set by reception completion, transmission completion, or transmission cancellation for the
set mailboxes.
4. Error counters
In the case of error active and error passive, REC and TEC normally count up and down. In the
bus off state, 11-bit recessive sequences are counted (REC + 1) using REC. If REC reaches 96
during the count, IRR4 and GSR1 are set.
5. Register access
Byte or word access can be used on all HCAN registers. Longword access cannot be used.
6. HCAN medium-speed mode
In medium-speed mode, the HCAN register cannot be read from or written to.
7. Register hold during standby
All registers in the HCAN are initialized on entering hardware standby or software modes.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 596 of 1136
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
8. Usage of bit manipulation instructions
The HCAN status flags are cleared by writing 1, so do not use a bit manipulation instruction to
clear a flag.
When clearing a flag, use the MOV instruction to write 1 to only the bit that is to be cleared.
9. HTxD pin output in error passive state
If the HRxD pin becomes fixed at 1 during message transmission or reception when the HCAN
is in the error active state, the HTxD pin will output 0 continuously while in the error passive
state. To stop continuous 0 output to the CAN bus, disable the HCAN by means of an error
warning interrupt or by setting the HCAN module stop mode through detection of a fixed 1
state by the HxRD pin monitor.
10. Transition to HCAN sleep mode
The HCAN stops (transmission/reception stops) when MCR0 is cleared to 0 immediately after
an HCAN sleep mode transition effected by setting TXPR of the HCAN to 1 and setting
MCR5 to 1. When a transition is made to the HCAN sleep mode by means of the above steps,
a 10-cycle wait should be inserted after the TxPR setting. After an HCAN sleep mode
transition, release the HCAN sleep mode by clearing MCR5 to 0.
11. Message transmission cancellation (TxCR)
If all the following conditions are met when cancellation of a transmission message is
performed by means of TxCR of the HCAN, the TxCR or TxPR bit indicating cancellation is
not cleared even though internal transmission is canceled.
When canceling a message using TxCR, 1 should be written continuously until TxCR or TxPR
becomes 0.
12. TxCR in the bus off state
If TxPR is set before the HCAN goes to the bus off state, and a transition is made to the bus
off state with transmission incomplete, cancellation will be performed even if TxCR is set
during the bus off period, and the message will be transmitted after a transition to the error
active state.
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Section 15 Controller Area Network (HCAN)
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Section 16 A/D Converter
16.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group incorporates a successive approximation type 10-bit A/D converter that
allows up to twelve analog input channels to be selected.
16.1.1
Features
A/D converter features are listed below.
• 10-bit resolution
• Twelve input channels
• Settable analog conversion voltage range
 Conversion of analog voltages with the reference voltage pin (Vref) as the analog reference
voltage
• High-speed conversion
 Minimum conversion time: 13.3 µs per channel (at 20-MHz operation)
• Choice of single mode or scan mode
 Single mode: Single-channel A/D conversion
 Scan mode: Continuous A/D conversion on 1 to 4 channels
• Four data registers
 Conversion results are held in a 16-bit data register for each channel
• Sample and hold function
• Three kinds of conversion start
 Choice of software or timer conversion start trigger (TPU), or ADTRG pin
• A/D conversion end interrupt generation
 A/D conversion end interrupt (ADI) request can be generated at the end of A/D conversion
• Module stop mode can be set
 As the initial setting, A/D converter operation is halted. Register access is enabled by
exiting module stop mode
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 16.1 shows a block diagram of the A/D converter.
Module data bus
Vref
10-bit D/A
AVSS
A
D
D
R
A
A
D
D
R
B
A
D
D
R
C
A
D
D
R
D
A
D
C
S
R
A
D
C
R
φ/2
+
–
Multiplexer
AN0
AN1
AN2
AN3
AN4
AN5
AN6
AN7
AN8
AN9
AN10
AN11
Bus interface
Successive approximations
register
AVCC
Internal data bus
Comparator
φ/4
Control circuit
φ/8
Sample-andhold circuit
φ/16
ADI
interrupt
ADTRG
Legend:
ADCR : A/D control register
ADCSR : A/D control/status register
ADDRA : A/D data register A
ADDRB : A/D data register B
ADDRC : A/D data register C
ADDRD : A/D data register D
Conversion start
trigger from TPU
Figure 16.1 Block Diagram of A/D Converter
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 16.1 summarizes the input pins used by the A/D converter.
The AVCC and AVSS pins are the power supply pins for the analog block in the A/D converter. The
Vref pin is the A/D conversion reference voltage pin.
The 12 analog input pins are divided into two channel sets and two groups, with analog input pins
0 to 7 (AN0 to AN7) comprising channel set 0, analog input pins 8 to 11 (AN8 to AN11)
comprising channel set 1, analog input pins 0 to 3 and 8 to 11 (AN0 to AN3, AN8 to AN11)
comprising group 0, and analog input pins 4 to 7 (AN4 to AN7) comprising group 1.
Table 16.1 A/D Converter Pins
Pin Name
Symbol
I/O
Function
Analog power supply pin
AVCC
Input
Analog block power supply
Analog ground pin
AVSS
Input
Analog block ground and reference voltage
Reference voltage pin
Vref
Input
A/D conversion reference voltage
Analog input pin 0
AN0
Input
Channel set 0 (CH3 = 0) group 0 analog inputs
Analog input pin 1
AN1
Input
Analog input pin 2
AN2
Input
Analog input pin 3
AN3
Input
Analog input pin 4
AN4
Input
Analog input pin 5
AN5
Input
Analog input pin 6
AN6
Input
Analog input pin 7
AN7
Input
Analog input pin 8
AN8
Input
Analog input pin 9
AN9
Input
Analog input pin 10
AN10
Input
Analog input pin 11
AN11
Input
A/D external trigger input
pin
ADTRG
Input
Channel set 0 (CH3 = 0) group 1 analog inputs
Channel set 1 (CH3 = 1) group 0 analog inputs
External trigger input for starting A/D
conversion
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.1.4
Register Configuration
Table 16.2 summarizes the registers of the A/D converter.
Table 16.2 A/D Converter Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
A/D data register AH
ADDRAH
R
H'00
H'FF90
A/D data register AL
ADDRAL
R
H'00
H'FF91
A/D data register BH
ADDRBH
R
H'00
H'FF92
A/D data register BL
ADDRBL
R
H'00
H'FF93
A/D data register CH
ADDRCH
R
H'00
H'FF94
A/D data register CL
ADDRCL
R
H'00
H'FF95
A/D data register DH
ADDRDH
R
H'00
H'FF96
A/D data register DL
ADDRDL
R
H'00
H'FF97
A/D control/status register
ADCSR
R/(W)*2
H'00
H'FF98
A/D control register
ADCR
R/W
H'33
H'FF99
Module stop control register A
MSTPCRA
R/W
H'3F
H'FDE8
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. Bit 7 can only be written with 0 for flag clearing.
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.2
Register Descriptions
16.2.1
A/D Data Registers A to D (ADDRA to ADDRD)
Bit
:
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 —
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
:
There are four 16-bit read-only ADDR registers, ADDRA to ADDRD, used to store the results of
A/D conversion.
The 10-bit data resulting from A/D conversion is transferred to the ADDR register for the selected
channel and stored there. The upper 8 bits of the converted data are transferred to the upper byte
(bits 15 to 8) of ADDR, and the lower 2 bits are transferred to the lower byte (bits 7 and 6) and
stored. Bits 5 to 0 are always read as 0.
The correspondence between the analog input channels and ADDR registers is shown in
table 16.3.
ADDR can always be read by the CPU. The upper byte can be read directly, but for the lower
byte, data transfer is performed via a temporary register (TEMP). For details, see section 16.3,
Interface to Bus Master.
The ADDR registers are initialized to H'0000 by a reset, and in standby mode or module stop
mode.
Table 16.3 Analog Input Channels and Corresponding ADDR Registers
Analog Input Channel
Channel Set 0 (CH3 = 0)
Channel Set 1 (CH3 = 1)
Group 0
Group 1
Group 0
A/D Data Register
AN0
AN4
AN8
ADDRA
AN1
AN5
AN9
ADDRB
AN2
AN6
AN10
ADDRC
AN3
AN7
AN11
ADDRD
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.2.2
A/D Control/Status Register (ADCSR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ADF
ADIE
ADST
SCAN
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Only 0 can be written to bit 7, to clear this flag.
ADCSR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that controls A/D conversion operations.
ADCSR is initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode or module stop mode.
Bit 7—A/D End Flag (ADF): Status flag that indicates the end of A/D conversion.
Bit 7
ADF
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
•
When 0 is written to the ADF flag after reading ADF = 1
•
When the DTC is activated by an ADI interrupt and ADDR is read
(Initial value)
[Setting conditions]
•
Single mode: When A/D conversion ends
•
Scan mode: When A/D conversion ends on all specified channels
Bit 6—A/D Interrupt Enable (ADIE): Selects enabling or disabling of interrupt (ADI) requests
at the end of A/D conversion.
Bit 6
ADIE
Description
0
A/D conversion end interrupt (ADI) request disabled
1
A/D conversion end interrupt (ADI) request enabled
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(Initial value)
Section 16 A/D Converter
Bit 5—A/D Start (ADST): Selects starting or stopping on A/D conversion. Holds a value of 1
during A/D conversion.
The ADST bit can be set to 1 by software, a timer conversion start trigger, or the A/D external
trigger input pin (ADTRG).
Bit 5
ADST
Description
0
A/D conversion stopped
1
•
Single mode: A/D conversion is started. Cleared to 0 automatically when
conversion on the specified channel ends
•
Scan mode:
(Initial value)
A/D conversion is started. Conversion continues sequentially on the
selected channels until ADST is cleared to 0 by software, a reset, or
a transition to standby mode or module stop mode.
Bit 4—Scan Mode (SCAN): Selects single mode or scan mode as the A/D conversion operating
mode. See section 16.4, Operation, for single mode and scan mode operation. Only set the SCAN
bit while conversion is stopped (ADST = 0).
Bit 4
SCAN
Description
0
Single mode
1
Scan mode
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Channel Select 3 (CH3): Switches the analog input pins assigned to group 0 or group 1.
Setting CH3 to 1 enables AN8 to AN11 to be used instead of AN0 to AN7.
Bit 3
CH3
Description
0
AN8 to AN11 are group 0 analog input pins
1
AN0 to AN3 are group 0 analog input pins, AN4 to AN7 are group 1 analog input pins
(Initial value)
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Bits 2 to 0—Channel Select 2 to 0 (CH2 to CH0): Together with the SCAN bit, these bits select
the analog input channels.
Only set the input channel while conversion is stopped (ADST = 0).
Channel Selection
Description
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
Single Mode
(SCAN = 0)
Scan Mode
(SCAN = 1)
0
0
0
0
AN0
AN0
1
AN1
AN0, AN1
0
AN2
AN0 to AN2
1
AN3
AN0 to AN3
0
AN4
AN4
1
AN5
AN4, AN5
0
AN6
AN4 to AN6
1
AN7
AN4 to AN7
0
AN8
AN8
1
AN9
AN8, AN9
0
AN10
AN8 to AN10
1
AN11
AN8 to AN11
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 606 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 16 A/D Converter
16.2.3
A/D Control Register (ADCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TRGS1
TRGS0
—
—
CKS1
CKS0
—
—
:
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
R/W
R/W
—
—
R/W
R/W
—
—
Initial value :
R/W
:
ADCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that enables or disables external triggering of A/D
conversion operations and sets the A/D conversion time.
ADCR is initialized to H'33 by a reset, and in standby mode or module stop mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Timer Trigger Select 1 and 0 (TRGS1, TRGS0): Select enabling or disabling of
the start of A/D conversion by a trigger signal. Only set bits TRGS1 and TRGS0 while conversion
is stopped (ADST = 0).
Bit 7
TRGS1
Bit 6
TRGS0
Description
0
0
A/D conversion start by software is enabled
1
A/D conversion start by TPU conversion start trigger is enabled
1
0
Setting prohibited
1
A/D conversion start by external trigger pin (ADTRG) is enabled
(Initial value)
Bits 5, 4, 1, and 0—Reserved: These bits are reserved; they are always read as 1 and cannot be
modified.
Bits 3 and 2—Clock Select 1 and 0 (CKS1, CKS0): These bits select the A/D conversion time.
The conversion time should be changed only when ADST = 0.
Set bits CKS1 and CKS0 to give a conversion time of at least 10 µs.
Bit 3
CKS1
Bit 2
CKS0
Description
0
0
Conversion time = 530 states (max.)
1
Conversion time = 266 states (max.)
0
Conversion time = 134 states (max.)
1
Conversion time = 68 states (max.)
1
(Initial value)
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.2.4
Bit
Module Stop Control Register A (MSTPCRA)
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
0
1
MSTPA7 MSTPA6 MSTPA5 MSTPA4 MSTPA3 MSTPA2 MSTPA1 MSTPA0
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
MSTPCR is a 8-bit readable/writable register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPA1 bit in MSTPCR is set to 1, A/D converter operation stops at the end of the bus
cycle and a transition is made to module stop mode. Registers cannot be read or written to in
module stop mode. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRA is initialized to H'3F by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized by a
reset and in software standby mode.
Bit 1—Module Stop (MSTPA1): Specifies the A/D converter module stop mode.
Bit 1
MSTPA1
Description
0
A/D converter module stop mode cleared
1
A/D converter module stop mode set
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(Initial value)
Section 16 A/D Converter
16.3
Interface to Bus Master
ADDRA to ADDRD are 16-bit registers, and the data bus to the bus master is 8 bits wide.
Therefore, in accesses by the bus master, the upper byte is accessed directly, but the lower byte is
accessed via a temporary register (TEMP).
A data read from ADDR is performed as follows. When the upper byte is read, the upper byte
value is transferred to the CPU and the lower byte value is transferred to TEMP. Next, when the
lower byte is read, the TEMP contents are transferred to the CPU.
When reading ADDR. always read the upper byte before the lower byte. It is possible to read only
the upper byte, but if only the lower byte is read, incorrect data may be obtained.
Figure 16.2 shows the data flow for ADDR access.
Upper byte read
Bus master
(H'AA)
Module data bus
Bus interface
TEMP
(H'40)
ADDRnH
(H'AA)
ADDRnL
(H'40)
(n = A to D)
Lower byte read
Bus master
(H'40)
Module data bus
Bus interface
TEMP
(H'40)
ADDRnH
(H'AA)
ADDRnL
(H'40)
(n = A to D)
Figure 16.2 ADDR Access Operation (Reading H'AA40)
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.4
Operation
The A/D converter operates by successive approximation with 10-bit resolution. It has two
operating modes: single mode and scan mode.
16.4.1
Single Mode (SCAN = 0)
Single mode is selected when A/D conversion is to be performed on a single channel only. A/D
conversion is started when the ADST bit is set to 1, according to the software or external trigger
input. The ADST bit remains set to 1 during A/D conversion, and is automatically cleared to 0
when conversion ends.
On completion of conversion, the ADF flag is set to 1. If the ADIE bit is set to 1 at this time, an
ADI interrupt request is generated. The ADF flag is cleared by writing 0 after reading ADCSR.
When the operating mode or analog input channel must be changed during analog conversion, to
prevent incorrect operation, first clear the ADST bit to 0 in ADCSR to halt A/D conversion. After
making the necessary changes, set the ADST bit to 1 to start A/D conversion again. The ADST
bit can be set at the same time as the operating mode or input channel is changed.
Typical operations when channel 1 (AN1) is selected in single mode are described next. Figure
16.3 shows a timing diagram for this example.
[1] Single mode is selected (SCAN = 0), input channel AN1 is selected (CH3 = 0, CH2 = 0,
CH1 = 0, CH0 = 1), the A/D interrupt is enabled (ADIE = 1), and A/D conversion is started
(ADST = 1).
[2] When A/D conversion is completed, the result is transferred to ADDRB. At the same time the
ADF flag is set to 1, the ADST bit is cleared to 0, and the A/D converter becomes idle.
[3] Since ADF = 1 and ADIE = 1, an ADI interrupt is requested.
[4] The A/D interrupt handling routine starts.
[5] The routine reads ADCSR, then writes 0 to the ADF flag.
[6] The routine reads and processes the connection result (ADDRB).
[7] Execution of the A/D interrupt handling routine ends. After that, if the ADST bit is set to 1,
A/D conversion starts again and steps [2] to [7] are repeated.
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Set*
ADIE
ADST
A/D
conversion
starts
Set*
Set*
Clear*
Clear*
ADF
State of channel 0 (AN0)
Idle
State of channel 1 (AN1)
Idle
State of channel 2 (AN2)
Idle
State of channel 3 (AN3)
Idle
A/D conversion 1
Idle
A/D conversion 2
Idle
ADDRA
ADDRB
Read conversion result
A/D conversion result 1
Read conversion result
A/D conversion result 2
ADDRC
ADDRD
Note: * Vertical arrows ( ) indicate instructions executed by software.
Figure 16.3 Example of A/D Converter Operation (Single Mode, Channel 1 Selected)
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.4.2
Scan Mode (SCAN = 1)
Scan mode is useful for monitoring analog inputs in a group of one or more channels. When the
ADST bit is set to 1 by a software, timer or external trigger input, A/D conversion starts on the
first channel in the group (AN0). When two or more channels are selected, after conversion of the
first channel ends, conversion of the second channel (AN1) starts immediately. A/D conversion
continues cyclically on the selected channels until the ADST bit is cleared to 0. The conversion
results are transferred for storage into the ADDR registers corresponding to the channels.
When the operating mode or analog input channel must be changed during analog conversion, to
prevent incorrect operation, first clear the ADST bit to 0 in ADCSR to halt A/D conversion. After
making the necessary changes, set the ADST bit to 1 to start A/D conversion again from the first
channel (AN0). The ADST bit can be set at the same time as the operating mode or input channel
is changed.
Typical operations when three channels (AN0 to AN2) are selected in scan mode are described
next. Figure 16.4 shows a timing diagram for this example.
[1] Scan mode is selected (SCAN = 1), channel set 0 is selected (CH3 = 0), scan group 0 is
selected (CH2 = 0), analog input channels AN0 to AN2 are selected (CH1 = 1, CH0 = 0), and
A/D conversion is started (ADST = 1).
[2] When A/D conversion of the first channel (AN0) is completed, the result is transferred to
ADDRA. Next, conversion of the second channel (AN1) starts automatically.
[3] Conversion proceeds in the same way through the third channel (AN2).
[4] When conversion of all the selected channels (AN0 to AN2) is completed, the ADF flag is set
to 1 and conversion of the first channel (AN0) starts again. If the ADIE bit is set to 1 at this
time, an ADI interrupt is requested after A/D conversion ends.
[5] Steps [2] to [4] are repeated as long as the ADST bit remains set to 1. When the ADST bit is
cleared to 0, A/D conversion stops. After that, if the ADST bit is set to 1, A/D conversion
starts again from the first channel (AN0).
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Continuous A/D conversion execution
Clear*1
Set*1
ADST
Clear*1
ADF
A/D conversion time
State of channel 0 (AN0)
State of channel 1 (AN1)
State of channel 2 (AN2)
Idle
Idle
A/D conversion 1
Idle
Idle
A/D conversion 2
Idle
Idle
A/D conversion 4
A/D conversion 5 *2
Idle
A/D conversion 3
State of channel 3 (AN3)
Idle
Idle
Transfer
ADDRA
A/D conversion result 1
ADDRB
A/D conversion result 4
A/D conversion result 2
ADDRC
A/D conversion result 3
ADDRD
Notes: 1. Vertical arrows ( ) indicate instructions executed by software.
2. Data currently being converted is ignored.
Figure 16.4 Example of A/D Converter Operation
(Scan Mode, 3 Channels AN0 to AN2 Selected)
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.4.3
Input Sampling and A/D Conversion Time
The A/D converter has a built-in sample-and-hold circuit. The A/D converter samples the analog
input at a time tD after the ADST bit is set to 1, then starts conversion. Figure 16.5 shows the A/D
conversion timing. Table 16.4 indicates the A/D conversion time.
As indicated in figure 16.5, the A/D conversion time includes tD and the input sampling time. The
length of tD varies depending on the timing of the write access to ADCSR. The total conversion
time therefore varies within the ranges indicated in table 16.4.
In scan mode, the values given in table 16.4 apply to the first conversion time. The values given
in table 16.5 apply to the second and subsequent conversions. In both cases, set bits CKS1 and
CKS0 in ADCR to give a conversion time of at least 10 µs.
(1)
φ
(2)
Address
Write signal
Input sampling
timing
ADF
tD
t SPL
t CONV
Legend:
(1)
:
(2)
:
tD
:
tSPL
:
tCONV :
ADCSR write cycle
ADCSR address
A/D conversion start delay
Input sampling time
A/D conversion time
Figure 16.5 A/D Conversion Timing
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Table 16.4 A/D Conversion Time (Single Mode)
CKS1 = 0
CKS0 = 0
Item
CKS1 = 0
CKS0 = 1
CKS0 = 0
CKS0 = 1
Symbol Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
A/D conversion start delay tD
18
—
33
10
—
17
6
—
9
4
—
5
Input sampling time
tSPL
—
127 —
—
63
—
—
31
—
—
15
—
A/D conversion time
tCONV
55
—
134 67
—
68
530 259 —
266 131 —
Note: Values in the table are the number of states.
Table 16.5 A/D Conversion Time (Scan Mode)
CKS1
CKS0
Conversion Time (State)
0
0
512 (Fixed)
1
256 (Fixed)
1
0
128 (Fixed)
1
64 (Fixed)
16.4.4
External Trigger Input Timing
A/D conversion can be externally triggered. When the TRGS1 and TRGS0 bits are set to 11 in
ADCR, external trigger input is enabled at the ADTRG pin. A falling edge at the ADTRG pin sets
the ADST bit to 1 in ADCSR, starting A/D conversion. Other operations, in both single and scan
modes, are the same as if the ADST bit has been set to 1 by software. Figure 16.6 shows the
timing.
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Section 16 A/D Converter
φ
ADTRG
Internal trigger signal
ADST
A/D conversion
Figure 16.6 External Trigger Input Timing
16.5
Interrupts
The A/D converter generates an A/D conversion end interrupt (ADI) at the end of A/D conversion.
ADI interrupt requests can be enabled or disabled by means of the ADIE bit in ADCSR.
The DTC can be activated by an ADI interrupt. Having the converted data read by the DTC in
response to an ADI interrupt enables continuous conversion to be achieved without imposing a
load on software.
The A/D converter interrupt source is shown in table 16.6.
Table 16.6 A/D Converter Interrupt Source
Interrupt Source
Description
DTC Activation
ADI
Interrupt due to end of conversion
Possible
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Section 16 A/D Converter
16.6
Usage Notes
The following points should be noted when using the A/D converter.
Setting Range of Analog Power Supply and Other Pins:
(1) Analog input voltage range
The voltage applied to analog input pin ANn during A/D conversion should be in the range
AVSS ≤ ANn ≤ Vref.
(2) Relation between AVCC, AVSS and VCC, VSS
As the relationship between AVSS and VSS, set AVSS = VSS. If the A/D converter is not used, set
AVCC = VCC, and do not leave the AVCC and AVSS pins open or no account.
(3) Vref input range
The analog reference voltage input at the Vref pin set in the range Vref ≤ AVCC.
If conditions (1), (2), and (3) above are not met, the reliability of the device may be adversely
affected.
Notes on Board Design: In board design, digital circuitry and analog circuitry should be as
mutually isolated as possible, and layout in which digital circuit signal lines and analog circuit
signal lines cross or are in close proximity should be avoided as far as possible. Failure to do so
may result in incorrect operation of the analog circuitry due to inductance, adversely affecting A/D
conversion values.
Also, digital circuitry must be isolated from the analog input signals (AN0 to AN11), analog
reference power supply (Vref), and analog power supply (AVCC) by the analog ground (AVSS).
Also, the analog ground (AVSS) should be connected at one point to a stable digital ground (VSS) on
the board.
Notes on Noise Countermeasures: A protection circuit connected to prevent damage due to an
abnormal voltage such as an excessive surge at the analog input pins (AN0 to AN11) and analog
reference power supply (Vref) should be connected between AVCC and AVSS as shown in
figure 16.7.
Also, the bypass capacitors connected to AVCC and Vref and the filter capacitor connected to AN0
to AN11 must be connected to AVSS.
If a filter capacitor is connected as shown in figure 16.7, the input currents at the analog input pins
(AN0 to AN11) are averaged, and so an error may arise. Also, when A/D conversion is performed
frequently, as in scan mode, if the current charged and discharged by the capacitance of the
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 617 of 1136
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Section 16 A/D Converter
sample-and-hold circuit in the A/D converter exceeds the current input via the input impedance
(Rin), an error will arise in the analog input pin voltage. Careful consideration is therefore required
when deciding the circuit constants.
AVCC
Vref
100 Ω
Rin*2
*1
AN0 to AN11
*1
0.1 µF
AVSS
Notes:
Values are reference values.
1.
10 µF
0.01 µF
2. Rin: Input impedance
Figure 16.7 Example of Analog Input Protection Circuit
Table 16.7 Analog Pin Specifications
Item
Min
Max
Unit
Analog input capacitance
—
20
pF
Permissible signal source impedance
—
5
kΩ
10 kΩ
AN0 to AN11
To A/D converter
20 pF
Note: Values are reference values.
Figure 16.8 Analog Input Pin Equivalent Circuit
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 618 of 1136
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Section 16 A/D Converter
A/D Conversion Precision Definitions: H8S/2646 Group A/D conversion precision definitions
are given below.
• Resolution
The number of A/D converter digital output codes
• Offset error
The deviation of the analog input voltage value from the ideal A/D conversion characteristic
when the digital output changes from the minimum voltage value B'0000000000 (H'00) to
B'0000000001 (H'01) (see figure 16.10).
• Full-scale error
The deviation of the analog input voltage value from the ideal A/D conversion characteristic
when the digital output changes from B'1111111110 (H'3E) to B'1111111111 (H'3F) (see
figure 16.10).
• Quantization error
The deviation inherent in the A/D converter, given by 1/2 LSB (see figure 16.9).
• Nonlinearity error
The error with respect to the ideal A/D conversion characteristic between the zero voltage and
the full-scale voltage. Does not include the offset error, full-scale error, or quantization error.
• Absolute precision
The deviation between the digital value and the analog input value. Includes the offset error,
full-scale error, quantization error, and nonlinearity error.
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Digital output
Ideal A/D conversion
characteristic
111
110
101
100
011
Quantization error
010
001
000
1
2
1024 1024
1022 1023
1024 1024
FS
Analog
input voltage
Figure 16.9 A/D Conversion Precision Definitions (1)
Full-scale error
Digital output
Ideal A/D conversion
characteristic
Nonlinearity
error
Actual A/D conversion
characteristic
FS
Offset error
Analog
input voltage
Figure 16.10 A/D Conversion Precision Definitions (2)
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Permissible Signal Source Impedance: H8S/2646 Group analog input is designed so that
conversion precision is guaranteed for an input signal for which the signal source impedance is 10
kΩ or less. This specification is provided to enable the A/D converter’s sample-and-hold circuit
input capacitance to be charged within the sampling time; if the sensor output impedance exceeds
10 kΩ, charging may be insufficient and it may not be possible to guarantee the A/D conversion
precision.
However, if a large capacitance is provided externally, the input load will essentially comprise
only the internal input resistance of 10 kΩ, and the signal source impedance is ignored.
However, since a low-pass filter effect is obtained in this case, it may not be possible to follow an
analog signal with a large differential coefficient (e.g., 5 mV/µs or greater).
When converting a high-speed analog signal, a low-impedance buffer should be inserted.
Influences on Absolute Precision: Adding capacitance results in coupling with GND, and
therefore noise in GND may adversely affect absolute precision. Be sure to make the connection
to an electrically stable GND such as AVSS.
Care is also required to insure that filter circuits do not communicate with digital signals on the
mounting board, so acting as antennas.
H8S/2646 Group
Sensor output
impedance
to 5 kΩ
A/D converter
equivalent circuit
10 kΩ
Sensor input
Low-pass
filter
C to 0.1 µF
Cin =
15 pF
20 pF
Figure 16.11 Example of Analog Input Circuit
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Section 16 A/D Converter
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 622 of 1136
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Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has an on-chip motor control PWM (pulse width modulator) with a
maximum capability of 16 pulse outputs.
17.1.1
Features
Features of the motor control PWM are given below.
• Maximum of 16 pulse outputs
 Two 10-bit PWM channels, each with eight outputs.
 Each channel is provided with a 10-bit counter (PWCNT) and cycle register (PWCYR).
 Duty and output polarity can be set for each output.
• Buffered duty registers
 Duty registers (PWDTR) are provided with buffer registers (PWBFR), with data
transferred automatically every cycle.
 Channel 1 has four duty registers and four buffer registers.
 Channel 2 has eight duty registers and four buffer registers.
• 0% to 100% duty
 A duty cycle of 0% to 100% can be set by means of a duty register setting.
• Five operating clocks
 There is a choice of five operating clocks (φ, φ/2, φ/4, φ/8, φ/16).
• On-chip output driver
• High-speed access via internal 16-bit bus
 High-speed access is possible via a 16-bit bus interface.
• Two interrupt sources
 An interrupt can be requested independently for each channel by a cycle register compare
match.
• Automatic transfer of register data
 Block transfer and one-word data transfer are possible by activating the data transfer
controller (DTC).
• Module stop mode
 As the initial setting, PWM operation is halted. Register access is enabled by clearing
module stop mode.
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Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 17.1 shows a block diagram of PWM channel 1.
φ, φ/2, φ/4, φ/8, φ/16
Interrupt
request
PWCR1
Internal
data bus
Bus interface
Compare
match
12 9
Legend:
PWCR1:
PWOCR1:
PWPR1:
PWCNT1:
PWCYR1:
PWDTR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G:
PWBFR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G:
0
PWCNT1
PWOCR1
PWCYR1
PWPR1
12 9
0
Port
control
PWBFR1A
PWDTR1A
P/N
P/N
PWM1A
PWM1B
PWBFR1C
PWDTR1C
P/N
P/N
PWM1C
PWBFR1E
PWDTR1E
P/N
P/N
PWM1E
PWM1F
PWBFR1G
PWDTR1G
P/N
P/N
PWM1G
PWM1H
PWM control register 1
PWM output control register 1
PWM polarity register 1
PWM counter 1
PWM cycle register 1
PWM duty registers 1A, 1C, 1E, 1G
PWM buffer registers 1A, 1C, 1E, 1G
Figure 17.1 Block Diagram of PWM Channel 1
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PWM1D
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
Figure 17.2 shows a block diagram of PWM channel 2.
φ, φ/2, φ/4, φ/8, φ/16
Interrupt
request
PWCR2
Compare match
12 9
0
Internal
data bus
Bus interface
PWBFR2A
PWBFR2B
PWBFR2C
PWBFR2D
Legend:
PWCR2:
PWOCR2:
PWPR2:
PWCNT2:
PWCYR2:
PWDTR2A to PWDTR2H:
PWBFR2A to PWBFR2D:
PWCNT2
PWOCR2
PWCYR2
PWPR2
9
Port
control
0
PWDTR2A
P/N
PWM2A
PWDTR2B
P/N
PWM2B
PWDTR2C
P/N
PWM2C
PWDTR2D
P/N
PWM2D
PWDTR2E
P/N
PWM2E
PWDTR2F
P/N
PWM2F
PWDTR2G
P/N
PWM2G
PWDTR2H
P/N
PWM2H
PWM control register 2
PWM output control register 2
PWM polarity register 2
PWM counter 2
PWM cycle register 2
PWM duty registers 2A to 2H
PWM buffer registers 2A to 2D
Figure 17.2 Block Diagram of PWM Channel 2
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Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 17.1 shows the PWM pin configuration.
Table 17.1 PWM Pin Configuration
Name
Abbreviation
I/O
Function
PWM output pin 1A
PWM1A
Output
Channel 1A PWM output
PWM output pin 1B
PWM1B
Output
Channel 1B PWM output
PWM output pin 1C
PWM1C
Output
Channel 1C PWM output
PWM output pin 1D
PWM1D
Output
Channel 1D PWM output
PWM output pin 1E
PWM1E
Output
Channel 1E PWM output
PWM output pin 1F
PWM1F
Output
Channel 1F PWM output
PWM output pin 1G
PWM1G
Output
Channel 1G PWM output
PWM output pin 1H
PWM1H
Output
Channel 1H PWM output
PWM output pin 2A
PWM2A
Output
Channel 2A PWM output
PWM output pin 2B
PWM2B
Output
Channel 2B PWM output
PWM output pin 2C
PWM2C
Output
Channel 2C PWM output
PWM output pin 2D
PWM2D
Output
Channel 2D PWM output
PWM output pin 2E
PWM2E
Output
Channel 2E PWM output
PWM output pin 2F
PWM2F
Output
Channel 2F PWM output
PWM output pin 2G
PWM2G
Output
Channel 2G PWM output
PWM output pin 2H
PWM2H
Output
Channel 2H PWM output
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 626 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.1.4
Register Configuration
Table 17.2 shows the register configuration of the PWM.
Table 17.2 PWM Registers
Channel
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
1
PWM control register 1
PWCR1
R/W
H'C0
H'FC00
PWM output control register 1
PWOCR1
R/W
H'00
H'FC02
PWM polarity register 1
PWPR1
R/W
H'00
H'FC04
2
All
Note:
PWM cycle register 1
PWCYR1
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FC06
PWM buffer register 1A
PWBFR1A
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC08
PWM buffer register 1C
PWBFR1C
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC0A
PWM buffer register 1E
PWBFR1E
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC0C
PWM buffer register 1G
PWBFR1G
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC0E
PWM control register 2
PWCR2
R/W
H'C0
H'FC10
PWM output control register 2
PWOCR2
R/W
H'00
H'FC12
PWM polarity register 2
PWPR2
R/W
H'00
H'FC14
PWM cycle register 2
PWCYR2
R/W
H'FFFF
H'FC16
PWM buffer register 2A
PWBFR2A
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC18
PWM buffer register 2B
PWBFR2B
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC1A
PWM buffer register 2C
PWBFR2C
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC1C
PWM buffer register 2D
PWBFR2D
R/W
H'EC00
H'FC1E
Module stop control register D
MSTPCRD
R/W
B'11******
H'FC60
1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 627 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2
Register Descriptions
17.2.1
PWM Control Registers 1 and 2 (PWCR1, PWCR2)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
IE
CMF
CST
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
0
R/(W)*
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value
1
1
0
Read/Write
—
—
R/W
Note: * Only 0 can be written, to clear the flag.
PWCR is an 8-bit read/write register that performs interrupt enabling, starting/stopping, and
counter (PWCNT) clock selection. It also contains a flag that indicates a compare match with the
cycle register (PWCYR). PWCR1 is the channel 1 register, and PWCR2 is the channel 2 register.
PWCR is initialized to H'C0 upon reset, and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode,
subsleep mode, and module stop mode.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: Bits 7 and 6 are reserved; they are always read as 1 and cannot be
modified.
Bit 5—Interrupt Enable (IE): Bit 5 selects enabling or disabling of an interrupt in the event of a
compare match with the PWCYR register for the corresponding channel.
Bit 5
IE
Description
0
Interrupt disabled
1
Interrupt enabled
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 628 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
Bit 4—Compare Match Flag (CMF): Bit 4 indicates the occurrence of a compare match with the
PWCYR register for the corresponding channel.
Bit 4
CMF
Description
0
[Clearing conditions]
1
(Initial value)
•
When 0 is written to CMF after reading CMF = 1
•
When the DTC is activated by a compare match interrupt, and the DISEL bit in the
DTC’s MRB register is 0
[Setting condition]
When PWCNT = PWCYR
Bit 3—Counter Start (CST): Bit 3 selects starting or stopping of the PWCNT counter for the
corresponding channel.
Bit 3
CST
Description
0
PWCNT is stopped
1
PWCNT is started
(Initial value)
Bits 2 to 0—Clock Select (CKS): Bits 2 to 0 select the clock for the PWCNT counter in the
corresponding channel.
Bit 2
CKS2
Bit 1
CKS1
Bit 0
CKS0
Description
0
0
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/1
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/2
0
Internal clock: counts on φ/4
1
Internal clock: counts on φ/8
*
Internal clock: counts on φ/16
1
1
*
(Initial value)
*: Don’t care
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 629 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.2
PWM Output Control Registers 1 and 2 (PWOCR1, PWOCR2)
PWOCR1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OE1H
OE1G
OE1F
OE1E
OE1D
OE1C
OE1B
OE1A
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OE2H
OE2G
OE2F
OE2E
OE2D
OE2C
OE2B
OE2A
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PWOCR2
Bit
PWOCR is an 8-bit read/write register that enables or disables PWM output. PWOCR1 controls
outputs PWM1H to PWM1A, and PWOCR2 controls outputs PWM2H to PWM2A.
PWOCR is initialized to H'00 upon reset, and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode,
subsleep mode, and module stop mode.
Bits 7 to 0—Output Enable (OE): Each of these bits enables or disables the corresponding PWM
output.
Bits 7 to 0
OE
Description
0
PWM output is disabled
1
PWM output is enabled
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 630 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.3
PWM Polarity Registers 1 and 2 (PWPR1, PWPR2)
PWPR1
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OPS1H
OPS1G
OPS1F
OPS1E
OPS1D
OPS1C
OPS1B
OPS1A
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OPS2H
OPS2G
OPS2F
OPS2E
OPS2D
OPS2C
OPS2B
OPS2A
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
PWPR2
Bit
PWPR is an 8-bit read/write register that selects the PWM output polarity. PWPR1 controls
outputs PWM1H to PWM1A, and PWPR2 controls outputs PWM2H to PWM2A.
PWPR is initialized to H'00 upon reset, and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode,
subsleep mode, and module stop mode.
Bits 7 to 0—Output Polarity Select (OPS): Each of these bits selects the polarity of the
corresponding PWM output.
Bits 7 to 0
OPS
Description
0
PWM direct output
1
PWM inverse output
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 631 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.4
PWM Counters 1 and 2 (PWCNT1, PWCNT2)
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
PWCNT is a 10-bit up-counter incremented by the input clock. The input clock is selected by
clock select bits 2 to 0 (CKS2 to CKS0) in PWCR.
PWCNT1 is used as the channel 1 time base, and PWCNT2 as the channel 2 time base.
PWCNT is initialized to H'FC00 when the counter start bit (CST) in PWCR is cleared to 0, and
also upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, subsleep mode, and module
stop mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 632 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.5
PWM Cycle Registers 1 and 2 (PWCYR1, PWCYR2)
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
1
1
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
— R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
PWCYR is a 16-bit read/write register that sets the PWM conversion cycle. When a PWCYR
compare match occurs, PWCNT is cleared and data is transferred from the buffer register
(PWBFR) to the duty register (PWDTR). PWCYR1 is used for the channel 1 conversion cycle
setting, and PWCYR2 for the channel 2 conversion cycle setting.
PWCYR should be written to only while PWCNT is stopped. A value of H'FC00 must not be set.
PWCYR is initialized to H'FFFF upon reset, and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode,
subsleep mode, and module stop mode.
Compare match
PWCNT
(lower 10 bits)
PWCYR
(lower 10 bits)
Compare match
0
N–2
1
N–1
0
1
N
Figure 17.3 Cycle Register Compare Match
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 633 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.6
PWM Duty Registers 1A, 1C, 1E, 1G (PWDTR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G)
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
— OTS —
— DT9 DT8 DT7 DT6 DT5 DT4 DT3 DT2 DT1 DT0
Initial value
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
There are four PWDTR1x registers (PWDTR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G). PWDTR1A is used for outputs
PWM1A and PWM1B, PWDTR1C for outputs PWM1C and PWM1D, PWDTR1E for outputs
PWM1E and PWM1F, and PWDTR1G for outputs PWM1G and PWM1H.
PWDTR1 cannot be read or written to directly. When a PWCYR1 compare match occurs, data is
transferred from buffer register 1 (PWBFR1) to PWDTR1.
PWDTR1x is initialized to H'EC00 when the counter start bit (CST) in PWCR1 is cleared to 0,
and also upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, subsleep mode, and
module stop mode.
Bits 15 to 13—Reserved: These bits cannot be read from or written to.
Bit 12—Output Terminal Select (OTS): Bit 12 selects the pin used for PWM output according
to the value in bit 12 in the buffer register that is transferred by a PWCYR1 compare match.
Unselected pins output a low level (or a high level when the corresponding bit in PWPR1 is set to
1).
Register
Bit 12
OTS
Description
PWDTR1A
0
PWM1A output selected
1
PWM1B output selected
PWDTR1C
0
PWM1C output selected
1
PWM1D output selected
PWDTR1E
0
PWM1E output selected
1
PWM1F output selected
0
PWM1G output selected
1
PWM1H output selected
PWDTR1G
Bits 11 and 10—Reserved: These bits cannot be read from or written to.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 634 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
Bits 9 to 0—Duty (DT): Bits 9 to 0 set the PWM output duty according to the values in bits 9 to 0
in the buffer register that is transferred by a PWCYR1 compare match. A high level (or a low level
when the corresponding bit in PWPR1 is set to 1) is output from the time PWCNT1 is cleared by a
PWCYR1 compare match until a PWDTR1 compare match occurs. When all the bits are 0, there
is no high-level output period (no low-level output period when the corresponding bit in PWPR1
is set to 1).
Compare match
PWCNT1
(lower 10 bits)
0
1
M–2
PWCYR1
(lower 10 bits)
N
PWDTR1
(lower 10 bits)
M
M–1
M
N–1
0
PWM output on
selected pin
PWM output on
unselected pin
Figure 17.4 Duty Register Compare Match (OPS = 0 in PWPR1)
PWCNT1
(lower 10 bits)
0
1
N–2
PWCYR1
(lower 10 bits)
N
PWDTR1
(lower 10 bits)
M
N–1
0
PWM output
(M = 0)
PWM output
(0 < M < N)
PWM output
(N ≤ M)
Figure 17.5 Differences in PWM Output According to Duty Register Set Value
(OPS = 0 in PWPR1)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 635 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.7
PWM Buffer Registers 1A, 1C, 1E, 1G (PWBFR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G)
Bit
15
14
13
12
—
—
— OTS —
— DT9 DT8 DT7 DT6 DT5 DT4 DT3 DT2 DT1 DT0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
—
—
— R/W —
0
11
1
10
9
0
8
0
7
0
6
0
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
— R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
There are four 16-bit read/write PWBFR1 registers (PWBFR1A, 1C, 1E, 1G). When a PWCYR1
compare match occurs, data is transferred from PWBFR1A to PWDTR1A, from PWBFR1C to
PWDTR1C, from PWBFR1E to PWDTR1E, and from PWBFR1G to PWDTR1G.
PWBFR1 is initialized to H'EC00 upon reset, and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode,
subsleep mode, and module stop mode.
Bits 15 to 13—Reserved: These bits are always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 12—Output Terminal Select (OTS): Bit 12 is the data transferred to bit 12 of PWDTR1.
Bits 11 and 10—Reserved: These bits are always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bits 9 to 0—Duty (DT): Bits 9 to 0 comprise the data transferred to bits 9 to 0 in PWDTR1.
17.2.8
PWM Duty Registers 2A to 2H (PWDTR2A to PWDTR2H)
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
— DT9 DT8 DT7 DT6 DT5 DT4 DT3 DT2 DT1 DT0
Initial value
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
There are eight PWDTR2 registers (PWDTR2A to PWDTR2H). PWDTR2A is used for output
PWM2A, PWDTR2B for output PWM2B, PWDTR2C for output PWM2C, PWDTR2D for output
PWM2D, PWDTR2E for output PWM2E, PWDTR2F for output PWM2F, PWDTR2G for output
PWM2G, and PWDTR2H for output PWM2H.
PWDTR2 cannot be read or written to directly. When a PWCYR2 compare match occurs, data is
transferred from buffer register 2 (PWBFR2) to PWDTR2.
PWDTR2 is initialized to H'EC00 when the counter start bit (CST) in PWCR2 is cleared to 0, and
also upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, subsleep mode, and module
stop mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 636 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
Bits 15 to 10—Reserved: These bits cannot be read from or written to.
Bits 9 to 0—Duty (DT): Bits 9 to 0 set the PWM output duty according to the values in bits 9 to 0
in the buffer register that is transferred by a PWCYR2 compare match. A high level (or a low level
when the corresponding bit in PWPR2 is set to 1) is output from the time PWCNT2 is cleared by a
PWCYR2 compare match until a PWDTR2 compare match occurs. When all the bits are 0, there
is no high-level output period (no low-level output period when the corresponding bit in PWPR2
is set to 1).
Compare match
PWCNT2
(lower 10 bits)
0
1
M–2
PWCYR2
(lower 10 bits)
N
PWDTR2
(lower 10 bits)
M
M–1
M
N–1
0
PWM output
Figure 17.6 Duty Register Compare Match (OPS = 0 in PWPR2)
PWCNT2
(lower 10 bits)
0
N–2
1
PWCYR2
(lower 10 bits)
N
PWDTR2
(lower 10 bits)
M
N–1
0
PWM output
(M = 0)
PWM output
(0 < M < N)
PWM output
(N ≤ M)
Figure 17.7 Differences in PWM Output According to Duty Register Set Value
(OPS = 0 in PWPR2)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 637 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.9
PWM Buffer Registers 2A to 2D (PWBFR2A to PWBFR2D)
Bit
15
14
13
12
—
—
— TDS —
— DT9 DT8 DT7 DT6 DT5 DT4 DT3 DT2 DT1 DT0
Initial value
1
1
1
1
Read/Write
—
—
— R/W —
0
11
1
10
9
0
8
0
7
0
6
0
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
— R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
There are four 16-bit read/write PWBFR2 registers (PWBFR2A to PWBFR2D). When a
PWCYR2 compare match occurs, data is transferred from PWBFR2A to PWDTR2A or
PWDTR2E, from PWBFR2B to PWDTR2B or PWDTR2F, from PWBFR2C to PWDTR2C or
PWDTR2G, and from PWBFR2D to PWDTR2D or PWDTR2H. The transfer destination is
determined by the value of the TDS bit.
PWBFR2 is initialized to H'EC00 upon reset, and in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode,
subsleep mode, and module stop mode.
Bits 15 to 13—Reserved: These bits are always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 12—Transfer Destination Select (TDS): Bit 12 selects the PWDTR2 register to which data is
to be transferred.
Register
Bit 12
TDS
Description
PWBFR2A
0
PWDTR2A selected
1
PWDTR2E selected
0
PWDTR2B selected
1
PWDTR2F selected
0
PWDTR2C selected
1
PWDTR2G selected
0
PWDTR2D selected
1
PWDTR2H selected
PWBFR2B
PWBFR2C
PWBFR2D
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
(Initial value)
Bits 11 and 10—Reserved: These bits are always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bits 9 to 0—Duty (DT): Bits 9 to 0 comprise the data transferred to bits 9 to 0 in PWDTR2.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 638 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.2.10 Module Stop Control Register D (MSTPCRD)
Bit
7
6
MSTPD7 MSTPD6
Initial value
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined undefined
—
—
—
—
—
—
MSTPCRD is an 8-bit read/write register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPD7 bit is set to 1, PWM timer operation is stopped at the end of the bus cycle, and
module stop mode is entered. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRD is initialized by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized by a manual
reset or in software standby mode.
Bit 7—Module Stop (MSTPD7): Bit 7 specifies the PWM module stop mode.
Bit 7
MSTPD7
Description
0
PWM module stop mode is cleared
1
PWM module stop mode is set
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 639 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.3
Bus Master Interface
17.3.1
16-Bit Data Registers
PWCYR1 and 2, PWBFR1A, C, E, and G, and PWBFR2A to D are 16-bit registers. These
registers are linked to the bus master by a 16-bit data bus, and can be read or written in 16-bit
units. They cannot be read by 8-bit access; 16-bit access must always be used.
Internal data bus
H
Bus
master
L
Bus
interface
Module
data bus
PWCYR1
Figure 17.8 16-Bit Register Access Operation (Bus Master ↔ PWCYR1 (16 Bits))
17.3.2
8-Bit Data Registers
PWCR1/2, PWOCR1/2, and PWPR1/2 are 8-bit registers that can be read and written to in 8-bit
units. These registers are linked to the bus master by a 16-bit data bus, and can be read or written
by 16-bit access; in this case, the lower 8 bits will always be read as H'FF.
Internal data bus
H
Bus
master
L
Bus
interface
Module
data bus
PWCR1
Figure 17.9 8-Bit Register Access Operation (Bus Master ↔ PWCR1 (Upper 8 Bits))
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 640 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.4
Operation
17.4.1
PWM Channel 1 Operation
PWM waveforms are output from pins PWM1A to PWM1H as shown in figure 17.10.
Initial Settings: Set the PWM output polarity in PWPR1; enable the pins for PWM output with
PWOCR1; select the clock to be input to PWCNT1 with bits CKS2 to CKS0 in PWCR1; set the
PWM conversion cycle in PWCYR1; and set the first frame of data in PWBFR1A, PWBFR1C,
PWBFR1E, and PWBFR1G.
Activation: When the CST bit in PWCR1 is set to 1, a compare match between PWCNT1 and
PWCYR1 is generated. Data is transferred from PWBFR1A to PWDTR1A, from PWBFR1C to
PWDTR1C, from PWBFR1E to PWDTR1E, and from PWBFR1G to PWDTR1G. PWCNT1
starts counting up. At the same time the CMF bit in PWCR1 is set, so that, if the IE bit in PWCR1
has been set, an interrupt can be requested or the DTC can be activated.
Waveform Output: The PWM outputs selected by the OTS bits in PWDTR1A, C, E, and G go
high when a compare match occurs between PWCNT1 and PWCYR1. The PWM outputs not
selected by the OTS bits are low. When a compare match occurs between PWCNT1 and
PWDTR1A, C, E, and G, the corresponding PWM output goes low. If the corresponding bit in
PWPR1 is set to 1, the output is inverted.
PWCYR1
PWBFR1A
PWDTR1A
OTS (PWDTR1A) = 0
OTS (PWDTR1A) = 1
OTS (PWDTR1A) = 0
OTS (PWDTR1A) = 1
PWM1A
PWM1B
Figure 17.10 PWM Channel 1 Operation
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 641 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
Next Frame: When a compare match occurs between PWCNT1 and PWCYR1, data is transferred
from PWBFR1A to PWDTR1A, from PWBFR1C to PWDTR1C, from PWBFR1E to PWDTR1E,
and from PWBFR1G to PWDTR1G. PWCNT1 is reset and starts counting up from H'000. The
CMF bit in PWCR1 is set, and if the IE bit in PWCR1 has been set, an interrupt can be requested
or the DTC can be activated.
Stopping: When the CST bit in PWCR1 is cleared to 0, PWCNT1 is reset and stops. All PWM
outputs go low (or high if the corresponding bit in PWPR1 is set to 1).
17.4.2
PWM Channel 2 Operation
PWM waveforms are output from pins PWM2A to PWM2H as shown in figure 17.11.
Initial Settings: Set the PWM output polarity in PWPR2; enable the pins for PWM output with
PWOCR2; select the clock to be input to PWCNT2 with bits CKS2 to CKS0 in PWCR2; set the
PWM conversion cycle in PWCYR2; and set the first frame of data in PWBFR2A, PWBFR2B,
PWBFR2C, and PWBFR2D.
Activation: When the CST bit in PWCR2 is set to 1, a compare match between PWCNT2 and
PWCYR2 is generated. Data is transferred from PWBFR2A to PWDTR2A or PWDTR2E, from
PWBFR2B to PWDTR2B or PWDTR2F, from PWBFR2C to PWDTR2C or PWDTR2G, and
from PWBFR2D to PWDTR2D or PWDTR2H, according to the value of the TDS bit. PWCNT2
starts counting up. At the same time the CMF bit in PWCR2 is set, so that, if the IE bit in PWCR2
has been set, an interrupt can be requested or the DTC can be activated.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 642 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
Waveform Output: The PWM outputs go high when a compare match occurs between PWCNT2
and PWCYR2. When a compare match occurs between PWCNT2 and PWDTR2A-H, the
corresponding PWM output goes low. If the corresponding bit in PWPR2 is set to 1, the output is
inverted.
PWCYR2
PWBFR2A
PWDTR2A
PWDTR2E
TDS (PWBFR2A) = 0
TDS (PWBFR2A) = 1
TDS (PWBFR2A) = 0
PWM2A
PWM2E
Figure 17.11 PWM Channel 2 Operation
Next Frame: When a compare match occurs between PWCNT2 and PWCYR2, data is transferred
from PWBFR2A to PWDTR2A or PWDTR2E, from PWBFR2B to PWDTR2B or PWDTR2F,
from PWBFR2C to PWDTR2C or PWDTR2G, and from PWBFR2D to PWDTR2D or
PWDTR2H, according to the value of the TDS bit. PWCNT2 is reset and starts counting up from
H'000. The CMF bit in PWCR2 is set, and if the IE bit in PWCR2 has been set, an interrupt can be
requested or the DTC can be activated.
Stopping: When the CST bit in PWCR2 is cleared to 0, PWCNT2 is reset and stops. PWDTR2A
to PWDTR2H are reset. All PWM outputs go low (or high if the corresponding bit in PWPR2 is
set to 1).
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 643 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 17 Motor Control PWM Timer
17.5
Usage Note
Contention between Buffer Register Write and Compare Match
If a PWBFR write is performed in the state immediately after a cycle register compare match, the
buffer register and duty register are overwritten. PWM output changed by the cycle register
compare match is not changed in the overwrite of the duty register due to contention. This may
result in unanticipated duty output. In the case of channel 2, the duty register used as the transfer
destination is selected by the TDS bit of the buffer register when an overwrite of the duty register
occurs due to contention. This can also result in an unintended overwrite of the duty register.
Buffer register rewriting must be completed before automatic transfer by the DTC (data transfer
controller), exception handling due to a compare match interrupt, or the occurrence of a cycle
register compare match on detection of the rise of CMF (compare match flag) in PWCR.
T1
Tw
Tw
T2
φ
Address
Write signal
Buffer register address
Compare match
PWCNT
(lower 10 bits)
PWBFR
0
N
PWDTR
M
N
M
PWM output
CMF
Figure 17.12 PWM Channel 1 Operation
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 644 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has an on-chip segment type LCD control circuit, LCD driver, and power
supply circuit, enabling it to directly drive an LCD panel.
18.1.1
Features
Features of the LCD controller/driver are given below.
• Display capacity
Internal Driver
Duty Cycle
H8S/2646, H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645
H8S/2648, H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647
Static
24 SEG
40 SEG
1/2
24 SEG
40 SEG
1/3
24 SEG
40 SEG
1/4
24 SEG
40 SEG
• LCD RAM capacity
 8 bits × 20 bytes (160 bits)
 Byte or word access to LCD RAM
• The segment output pins can be used as ports in groups of four.
• Common output pins not used because of the duty cycle can be used for common doublebuffering (parallel connection).
 With 1/2 duty, parallel connection of COM1 to COM2, and of COM3 to COM4, can be
used
 In static mode, parallel connection of COM1 to COM2, COM3, and COM4 can be used
• Choice of 11 frame frequencies
• A or B waveform selectable by software
• Built-in power supply split-resistance
• Display possible in operating modes other than standby mode and module stop mode
• Module stop mode
 As the initial setting, LCD operation is halted. Access to registers and LCD RAM is
enabled by clearing module stop mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 645 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.1.2
Block Diagram
Figure 18.1 shows a block diagram of the LCD controller/driver.
LPVCC
V1
LCD drive
power supply
V2
V3
M
φ/8 to φ/1024
VSS
CL2
Common
data latch
φSUB
Common
driver
COM1
COM4
Internal data bus
H8S/2646R*1 H8S/2648R*2
LPCR
LCR
LCR2
Display timing generator
24-bit
shift
register*1
CL1
SEG24
SEG23
SEG22
SEG21
SEG20
SEG40
SEG39
SEG38
SEG37
SEG36
SEG1
SEG1
Segment
driver
40-bit
shift
register*2
LCD RAM
20 bytes
SEGn, DO
Legend:
LPCR: LCD port control register
LCR: LCD control register
LCR2: LCD control register 2
Notes: 1. In the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, and H8S/2645.
2. In the H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, and H8S/2647.
Figure 18.1 Block Diagram of LCD Controller/Driver
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 646 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.1.3
Pin Configuration
Table 18.1 shows the LCD controller/driver pin configuration.
Table 18.1 Pin Configuration
Name
Abbreviation
I/O
Function
Segment output
pins
SEG24 to SEG1
(H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645)
Output
LCD segment drive pins
All pins are multiplexed as port pins (setting
programmable)
SEG40 to SEG1
(H8S/2648,
H8S/2648R,
H8S/2647)
Common output
pins
COM4 to COM1
LCD power
supply pins
V1, V2, V3
18.1.4
Output
LCD common drive pins
Pins can be used in parallel with static or 1/2
duty
—
Used when a bypass capacitor is connected
externally, and when an external power supply
circuit is used
Register Configuration
Table 18.2 shows the register configuration of the LCD controller/driver.
Table 18.2 LCD Controller/Driver Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
LCD port control register
LPCR
R/W
H'00
H'FC30
LCD control register
LCR
R/W
H'80
H'FC31
LCD control register 2
LCR2
R/W
H'60
H'FC32
LCD RAM
—
R/W
Undefined
H'FC40 to H'FC53
Module stop control
register D
MSTPCRD
R/W
B'11******
H'FC60
Note:
1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 647 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.2
Register Descriptions
18.2.1
LCD Port Control Register (LPCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DTS1
DTS0
CMX
—
SGS3
SGS2
SGS1
SGS0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
LPCR is an 8-bit read/write register which selects the duty cycle, LCD driver, and pin functions.
LPCR is initialized to H'00 upon reset and in standby mode.
Bits 7 to 5—Duty Cycle Select 1 and 0 (DTS1, DTS0), Common Function Select (CMX): The
combination of DTS1 and DTS0 selects static, 1/2, 1/3, or 1/4 duty. CMX specifies whether or not
the same waveform is to be output from multiple pins to increase the common drive power when
not all common pins are used because of the duty setting.
Bit 7
DTS1
Bit 6
DTS0
Bit 5
CMX
Duty Cycle
Common Drivers
Notes
0
0
0
Static
COM1
COM4, COM3, and COM2 can be
used as ports
(Initial value)
COM4 to COM1
COM4, COM3, and COM2 output
the same waveform as COM1
COM2 to COM1
COM4 and COM3 can be used as
ports
COM4 to COM1
COM4 outputs the same
waveform as COM3, and COM2
outputs the same waveform as
COM1
COM3 to COM1
COM4 can be used as a port
COM4 to COM1
Do not use COM4
COM4 to COM1
—
1
1
0
1/2 duty
1
1
0
0
1/3 duty
1
1
*
1/4 duty
*: Don’t care
Note: COM4 to COM1 function as ports when the setting of SGS3 to SGS0 is 0000 (initial value).
Bit 4—Reserved: This bit is always read as 0 and should only be written with 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 648 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Bits 3 to 0—Segment Driver Select 3 to 0 (SGS3 to SGS0): Bits 3 to 0 select the segment
drivers to be used.
• H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645
Function of Pins SEG24 to SEG1
Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 SEG24 to
SGS3 SGS2 SGS1 SGS0 SEG17
SEG16 to
SEG13
SEG12 to
SEG9
SEG8 to
SEG5
SEG4 to
SEG1
0
0
0
0
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Initial value (external
expansion enabled)
1
SEG
Port
Port
Port
Port
0
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
Port
External expansion
not possible
1
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
0
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
1
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
1
*
Setting
Setting
Setting
Setting
Setting
prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
*
*
Setting
Setting
Setting
Setting
Setting
prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited prohibited
1
1
1
*
Notes
0
*: Don’t care
Note: When using external expansion, set a value of 0000 for SGS3 to SGS0. When the setting of
SGS3 to SGS0 is 0000, COM4 to COM1 also function as ports.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 649 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
• H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647
Function of Pins SEG40 to SEG1
SEG40 SEG32 SEG28 SEG24 SEG20 SEG16 SEG12 SEG8 SEG4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
SGS3 SGS2 SGS1 SGS0 SEG33 SEG29 SEG25 SEG21 SEG17 SEG13 SEG9 SEG5 SEG1 Notes
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
*
*
0
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Initial value (external
expansion enabled)
1
SEG
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
0
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
External expansion
not possible
1
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
0
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
1
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
Port
Port
0
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
Port
1
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
Port
0
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
Port
1
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
SEG
*: Don’t care
Note: When using external expansion, set a value of 0000 for SGS3 to SGS0. When the setting of
SGS3 to SGS0 is 0000, COM4 to COM1 also function as ports.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 650 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.2.2
LCD Control Register (LCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
PSW
ACT
DISP
CKS3
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
Initial value
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
LCR is an 8-bit read/write register which performs LCD power supply split-resistance connection
control and display data control, and selects the frame frequency.
LCR is initialized to H'80 upon reset and in standby mode.
Bit 7—Reserved: This bit is always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bit 6—LCD Power Supply Split-Resistance Connection Control (PSW): Bit 6 can be used to
disconnect the LCD power supply split-resistance from VCC when LCD display is not required in a
power-down mode, or when an external power supply is used. When the ACT bit is cleared to 0,
and also in standby mode, the LCD power supply split-resistance is disconnected from VCC
regardless of the setting of this bit.
Bit 6
PSW
Description
0
LCD power supply split-resistance is disconnected from VCC
1
LCD power supply split-resistance is connected to VCC
(Initial value)
Bit 5—Display Function Activate (ACT): Bit 5 specifies whether or not the LCD
controller/driver is used. Clearing this bit to 0 halts operation of the LCD controller/driver. The
LCD drive power supply ladder resistance is also turned off, regardless of the setting of the PSW
bit. However, register contents are retained.
Bit 5
ACT
Description
0
LCD controller/driver operation halted
1
LCD controller/driver operates
(Initial value)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 651 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Bit 4—Display Data Control (DISP): Bit 4 specifies whether the LCD RAM contents are
displayed or blank data is displayed regardless of the LCD RAM contents.
Bit 4
DISP
Description
0
Blank data is displayed
1
LCD RAM data is display
(Initial value)
Bits 3 to 0—Frame Frequency Select 3 to 0 (CKS3 to CKS0): Bits 3 to 0 select the operating
clock and the frame frequency. In subactive mode, watch mode, and subsleep mode, the system
clock (φ) is halted, and therefore display operations are not performed if one of the clocks from
φ/8 to φ/1024 is selected. If LCD display is required in these modes, φSUB, φSUB/2, or φSUB/4 must be
selected as the operating clock.
Frame Frequency*1
Bit 3
CKS3
Bit 2
CKS2
Bit 1
CKS1
Bit 0
CKS0
Operating Clock
φ = 20 MHz
0
*
0
0
φSUB
1
0
1
φSUB/2
128 Hz*2
64 Hz*2
1
*
φSUB/4
32 Hz*2
0
0
φ/8
4880 Hz
1
φ/16
2440 Hz
0
φ/32
1220 Hz
1
φ/64
610 Hz
1
1
0
1
0
φ/128
305 Hz
1
φ/256
152.6 Hz
0
φ/512
76.3 Hz
1
φ/1024
38.1 Hz
(Initial value)
*: Don’t care
Notes: 1. When 1/3 duty is selected, the frame frequency is 4/3 times the value shown.
2. This is the frame frequency when φSUB = 32.768 kHz.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 652 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.2.3
LCD Control Register 2 (LCR2)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LCDAB
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
LCR2 is an 8-bit read/write register which controls switching between the A waveform and B
waveform.
LCR2 is initialized to H'60 upon reset and in standby mode.
Bit 7—A Waveform/B Waveform Switching Control (LCDAB): Bit 7 specifies whether the A
waveform or B waveform is used as the LCD drive waveform.
Bit 7
LCDAB
Description
0
Drive using A waveform
1
Drive using B waveform
(Initial value)
Bits 6 and 5—Reserved: These bits are always read as 1 and cannot be modified.
Bits 4 to 0—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0 and should only be written with 0.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 653 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.2.4
Module Stop Control Register D (MSTPCRD)
Bit
7
6
MSTPD7 MSTPD6
Initial value
1
1
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
—
—
—
—
—
—
MSTPCRD is an 8-bit read/write register that performs module stop mode control.
When the MSTPD6 bit is set to 1, LCD controller/driver operation is stopped at the end of the bus
cycle, and module stop mode is entered. For details, see section 22.5, Module Stop Mode.
MSTPCRD is initialized to H'FF by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized
software standby mode.
Bit 6—Module Stop (MSTPD6): Bit 6 specifies the LCD controller/driver module stop mode.
Bit 6
MSTPD6
Description
0
LCD controller/driver module stop mode is cleared
1
LCD controller/driver module stop mode is set
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 654 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
(Initial value)
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.3
Operation
18.3.1
Settings up to LCD Display
To perform LCD display, the hardware and software related items described below must first be
determined.
Hardware Settings
• Using 1/2 duty
When 1/2 duty is used, interconnect pins V2 and V3 as shown in figure 18.2.
LPVCC
V1
V2
V3
VSS
Figure 18.2 Handling of LCD Drive Power Supply when Using 1/2 Duty
• Panel display
As the impedance of the built-in power supply split-resistance is large, the display may lack
sharpness when driving a panel. In this case, refer to section 18.3.4, Boosting the LCD Drive
Power Supply. When static or 1/2 duty is selected, the common output drive capability can be
increased. Set CMX to 1 when selecting the duty cycle. In this mode, with a static duty cycle
pins COM4 to COM1 output the same waveform, and with 1/2 duty the COM1 waveform is
output from pins COM2 and COM1, and the COM2 waveform is output from pins COM4 and
COM3.
• LCD drive power supply setting
With the H8S/2646 Group, there are two ways of providing LCD power: by using the on-chip
power supply circuit, or by using an external power supply circuit.
When an external power supply circuit is used for the LCD drive power supply, connect the
external power supply to the V1 pin.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 655 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Software Settings
• Duty selection
Any of four duty cycles—static, 1/2 duty, 1/3 duty, or 1/4 duty—can be selected with bits
DTS1 and DTS0.
• Segment selection
The segment drivers to be used can be selected with bits SGS3 to SGS0.
• Frame frequency selection
The frame frequency can be selected by setting bits CKS3 to CKS0. The frame frequency
should be selected in accordance with the LCD panel specification. For the clock selection
method in watch mode, subactive mode, and subsleep mode, see section 18.3.3, Operation in
Power-Down Modes.
• A or B waveform selection
Either the A or B waveform can be selected as the LCD waveform to be used by means of
LCDAB.
• LCD drive power supply selection
When an external power supply circuit is used, turn the LCD drive power supply off with the
PSW bit.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 656 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
18.3.2
Relationship between LCD RAM and Display
H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645
The relationship between the LCD RAM and the display segments differs according to the duty
cycle. LCD RAM maps for the different duty cycles are shown in figures 18.3 to 18.6.
After setting the registers required for display, data is written to the part corresponding to the duty
using the same kind of instruction as for ordinary RAM, and display is started automatically when
turned on. Word- or byte-access instructions can be used for RAM setting.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
H'FC40
Space not used
for display
H'FC47
H'FC48 SEG2
SEG2
SEG2
SEG2
SEG1
SEG1
SEG1
SEG1
Display space
H'FC53 SEG24 SEG24 SEG24 SEG24 SEG23 SEG23 SEG23 SEG23
COM4 COM3 COM2 COM1 COM4 COM3 COM2 COM1
Figure 18.3 LCD RAM Map (1/4 Duty)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 657 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
H'FC40
Space not used
for display
H'FC47
SEG2
H'FC48
SEG2
SEG2
SEG1
SEG1
SEG1
Display space
H'FC53
SEG24 SEG24 SEG24
SEG23 SEG23 SEG23
COM3 COM2 COM1
COM3 COM2 COM1
Figure 18.4 LCD RAM Map (1/3 Duty)
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
H'FC40
Space not used
for display
H'FC43
H'FC44 SEG4
SEG4
SEG3
SEG3
SEG2
SEG2
SEG1
SEG1
Display space
H'FC49 SEG24 SEG24 SEG23 SEG23 SEG22 SEG22 SEG21 SEG21
Space not used
for display
H'FC53
COM2 COM1 COM2 COM1 COM2 COM1 COM2 COM1
Figure 18.5 LCD RAM Map (1/2 Duty)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 658 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
H'FC40
H'FC41
H'FC42 SEG8 SEG7 SEG6 SEG5 SEG4 SEG3 SEG2 SEG1
H'FC44 SEG24 SEG23 SEG22 SEG21 SEG20 SEG19 SEG18 SEG17
Space not
used for
display
Display
space
Space not used
for display
H'FC53
COM1 COM1 COM1 COM1 COM1 COM1 COM1 COM1
Figure 18.6 LCD RAM Map (Static Mode)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 659 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647
The relationship between the LCD RAM and the display segments differs according to the duty
cycle. LCD RAM maps for the different duty cycles are shown in figures 18.7 to 18.10.
After setting the registers required for display, data is written to the part corresponding to the duty
using the same kind of instruction as for ordinary RAM, and display is started automatically when
turned on. Word- or byte-access instructions can be used for RAM setting.
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SEG2
SEG2
SEG2
SEG2
SEG1
SEG1
SEG1
SEG1
H'FC53 SEG40 SEG40
SEG40
SEG40
SEG39 SEG39
SEG39
SEG39
COM4
COM2
COM1
COM4
COM2
COM1
H'FC40
COM3
COM3
Figure 18.7 LCD RAM Map (1/4 Duty)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 660 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
H'FC40
SEG2
SEG2
H'FC53
SEG40
COM3
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SEG2
SEG1
SEG1
SEG1
SEG40
SEG40
SEG39
SEG39
SEG39
COM2
COM1
COM3
COM2
COM1
Space not used for display
Figure 18.8 LCD RAM Map (1/3 Duty)
H'FC40
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SEG4
SEG4
SEG3
SEG3
SEG2
SEG2
SEG1
SEG1
Display space
SEG40
SEG40
SEG39
SEG39
SEG38
SEG38
SEG37
SEG37
H'FC49
Space not used
for display
H'FC53
COM2
COM1
COM2
COM1
COM2
COM1
COM2
COM1
Figure 18.9 LCD RAM Map (1/2 Duty)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 661 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
H'FC40
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SEG8
SEG7
SEG6
SEG5
SEG4
SEG3
SEG2
SEG1
Display space
SEG40
SEG39
SEG38
SEG37
SEG36
SEG35
SEG34
SEG33
H'FC44
Space not used
for display
H'FC53
COM1
COM1
COM1
COM1
COM1
COM1
COM1
COM1
Figure 18.10 LCD RAM Map (Static Mode)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 662 of 1136
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Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
1 frame
1 frame
M
M
Data
Data
V1
V2
V3
VSS
COM1
V1
V2
V3
VSS
COM2
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
COM3
COM4
SEGn
V1
V2
V3
VSS
COM1
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
COM2
COM3
V1
V2
V3
VSS
SEGn
(a) Waveform with 1/4 duty
(b) Waveform with 1/3 duty
1 frame
1 frame
M
M
Data
Data
COM1
V1
V2, V3
VSS
COM2
V1
V2, V3
VSS
SEGn
V1
V2, V3
VSS
V1
COM1
VSS
V1
SEGn
VSS
(d) Waveform with static output
(c) Waveform with 1/2 duty
Figure 18.11 Output Waveforms for Each Duty Cycle (A Waveform)
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REJ09B0257-0500
Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
M
M
Data
Data
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
COM1
COM2
COM3
COM4
V1
V2
V3
VSS
SEGn
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
V1
V2
V3
VSS
COM1
COM2
COM3
V1
V2
V3
VSS
SEGn
(a) Waveform with 1/4 duty
1 frame
1 frame
(b) Waveform with 1/3 duty
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
1 frame
M
M
Data
Data
COM1
V1
V2, V3
VSS
COM2
V1
V2, V3
VSS
SEGn
V1
V2, V3
VSS
V1
COM1
VSS
V1
SEGn
VSS
(d) Waveform with static output
(c) Waveform with 1/2 duty
Figure 18.12 Output Waveforms for Each Duty Cycle (B Waveform)
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Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Table 18.3 Output Levels
Data
0
0
1
1
M
0
1
0
1
Common output
V1
VSS
V1
VSS
Segment output
V1
VSS
VSS
V1
1/2 duty
Common output
V2, V3
V2, V3
V1
VSS
Segment output
V1
VSS
VSS
V1
1/3 duty
Common output
V3
V2
V1
VSS
Segment output
V2
V3
VSS
V1
Common output
V3
V2
V1
VSS
Segment output
V2
V3
VSS
V1
Static
1/4 duty
18.3.3
Operation in Power-Down Modes
In the H8S/2646 Group, the LCD controller/driver can be operated even in the power-down
modes. The operating state of the LCD controller/driver in the power-down modes is summarized
in table 18.4.
In subactive mode, watch mode, and subsleep mode, the system clock oscillator stops, and
therefore, unless φSUB, φSUB/2, or φSUB/4 has been selected by bits CKS3 to CKS0, the clock will not
be supplied and display will halt. Since there is a possibility that a direct current will be applied to
the LCD panel in this case, it is essential to ensure that φSUB, φSUB/2, or φSUB/4 is selected. In active
(medium-speed) mode, the system clock is switched, and therefore CKS3 to CKS0 must be
modified to ensure that the frame frequency does not change.
In the software standby mode the segment output and common output pins switch to highimpedance status. In this case if a port’s DDR or PCR bit is set to 1, a DC voltage could be applied
to the LCD panel. Therefore, DDR and PCR must never be set to 1 for ports being used for
segment output or common output.
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Section 18 LCD Controller/Driver
Table 18.4 Power-Down Modes and Display Operation
Reset Active
Sleep
Watch
Subactive Subsleep
Module
Standby Standby
φ
Runs
Runs
Runs
Stops
Stops
Stops
Stops
φSUB
Runs
Runs
Runs
Runs
Runs
Runs
Stops*
Stops*
Stops
Stops
Stops
Stops
Stops*
Stops
Stops
Functions Functions Functions* Functions* Functions* Stops*
Stops
Mode
Clock
Display
ACT = 0
operation
ACT = 1
Stops
3
Stops*
4
1
2
Stops
3
3
2
4
Notes: 1. The subclock oscillator does not stop, but clock supply is halted.
2. The LCD drive power supply is turned off regardless of the setting of the PSW bit.
3. Display operation is performed only if φSUB, φSUB/2, or φSUB/4 is selected as the operating
clock.
4. The clock supplied to the LCD stops.
18.3.4
Boosting the LCD Drive Power Supply
When a panel is driven, the on-chip power supply capacity may be insufficient. The recommended
solution in this case is to connect bypass capacitors of around 0.1 to 0.3 µF to pins V1 to V3, or to
connect a new split-resistance externally, as shown in figure 18.13.
LPVCC
VR
V1
R
H8S/2646 Group
R = several kΩ to
several MΩ
V2
R
C = 0.1 to 0.3 µF
V3
R
VSS
Figure 18.13 Connection of External Split-Resistance
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Section 19 RAM
Section 19 RAM
19.1
Overview
The H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2648, and H8S/2648R have 4 kbytes, and H8S/2645 and
H8S/2647 have 2 kbytes of on-chip high-speed static RAM. The RAM is connected to the CPU by
a 16-bit data bus, enabling one-state access by the CPU to both byte data and word data. This
makes it possible to perform fast word data transfer.
The on-chip RAM can be enabled or disabled by means of the RAM enable bit (RAME) in the
system control register (SYSCR).
19.1.1
Block Diagram
Figure 19.1 shows a block diagram of the on-chip RAM.
Internal data bus (upper 8 bits)
Internal data bus (lower 8 bits)
H'FFE000*
H'FFE001
H'FFE002
H'FFE003
H'FFE004
H'FFE005
H'FFEFBE
H'FFEFBF
H'FFFFC0
H'FFFFC1
H'FFFFFE
H'FFFFFF
Note: * Addresses starting from H'FFE800 in the H8S/2645 and H8S/2647.
Figure 19.1 Block Diagram of RAM
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Section 19 RAM
19.1.2
Register Configuration
The on-chip RAM is controlled by SYSCR. Table 19.1 shows the address and initial value of
SYSCR.
Table 19.1 RAM Register
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
System control register
SYSCR
R/W
H'01
H'FDE5
Note: * Lower 16 bits of the address.
19.2
Register Descriptions
19.2.1
System Control Register (SYSCR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MACS
—
INTM1
INTM0
NMIEG
—
—
RAME
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
The on-chip RAM is enabled or disabled by the RAME bit in SYSCR. For details of other bits in
SYSCR, see section 3.2.2, System Control Register (SYSCR).
Bit 0—RAM Enable (RAME): Enables or disables the on-chip RAM. The RAME bit is
initialized when the reset state is released. It is not initialized in software standby mode.
Bit 0
RAME
Description
0
On-chip RAM is disabled
1
On-chip RAM is enabled
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 668 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 19 RAM
19.3
Operation
When the RAME bit is set to 1, accesses to addresses H'FFE000 to H'FFEFBF and H'FFFFC0 to
H'FFFFFF in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2648, and H8S/2648R, to addresses H'FFE7C0 to
H'FFEFBF and H'FFFFC0 to H'FFFFFF in the H8S/2645 and H8S/2647, are directed to the onchip RAM. When the RAME bit is cleared to 0, the off-chip address space is accessed.
Since the on-chip RAM is connected to the CPU by an internal 16-bit data bus, it can be written to
and read in byte or word units. Each type of access can be performed in one state.
Even addresses use the upper 8 bits, and odd addresses use the lower 8 bits. Word data must start
at an even address.
19.4
Usage Notes
When Using the DTC: DTC register information can be located in addresses H'FFEBC0 to
H'FFEFBF. When the DTC is used, the RAME bit must not be cleared to 0.
Reserved Areas: Addresses H'FFB000 to H'FFDFFF in the H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2648,
and H8S/2648R and addresses H'FFB000 to H'FFE7BF in the H8S/2645 and H8S/2647 are
reserved areas that cannot be read or written to. When the RAME bit is cleared to 0, the off-chip
address space is accessed.
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Section 19 RAM
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Section 20 ROM
Section 20 ROM
20.1
Features
The LSI (H8S/2646R, H8S/2648R) has 128 kbytes of on-chip flash memory. The features of the
flash memory are summarized below.
• Four flash memory operating modes
 Program mode
 Erase mode
 Program-verify mode
 Erase-verify mode
• Programming/erase methods
The flash memory is programmed 128 bytes at a time. Block erase (in single-block units) can
be performed. To erase the entire flash memory, each block must be erased in turn. Block
erasing can be performed as required on 1 kbyte, 8 kbytes, 16 kbytes, 28 kbytes, and 32 kbytes
blocks.
• Programming/erase times
The flash memory programming time is 10 ms (typ.) for simultaneous 128-byte programming,
equivalent to 78 µs (typ.) per byte, and the erase time is 100 ms (typ.).
• Reprogramming capability
The flash memory can be reprogrammed up to 100 times.
• On-board programming modes
There are two modes in which flash memory can be programmed/erased/verified on-board:
 Boot mode
 User program mode
• Automatic bit rate adjustment
With data transfer in boot mode, the LSI’s bit rate can be automatically adjusted to match the
transfer bit rate of the host.
• Flash memory emulation in RAM
Flash memory programming can be emulated in real time by overlapping a part of RAM onto
flash memory.
• Protect modes
There are two protect modes, hardware and software, which allow protected status to be
designated for flash memory program/erase/verify operations.
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Section 20 ROM
• Programmer mode
Flash memory can be programmed/erased in programmer mode, using a PROM programmer,
as well as in on-board programming mode.
20.2
Overview
20.2.1
Block Diagram
Internal address bus
Module bus
Internal data bus (16 bits)
FLMCR1
FLMCR2
EBR1
Bus interface/controller
Operating
mode
EBR2
RAMER
FLPWCR
Flash memory
(128 kbytes)
Legend:
FLMCR1:
FLMCR2:
EBR1:
EBR2:
RAMER:
FLPWCR:
Flash memory control register 1
Flash memory control register 2
Erase block register 1
Erase block register 2
RAM emulation register
Flash memory power control register
Figure 20.1 Block Diagram of Flash Memory
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 672 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
FWE pin
Mode pin
Section 20 ROM
20.2.2
Mode Transitions
When the mode pins and the FWE pin are set in the reset state and a reset-start is executed, the
microcomputer enters an operating mode as shown in figure 20.2. In user mode, flash memory can
be read but not programmed or erased.
The boot, user program and programmer modes are provided as modes to write and erase the flash
memory.
MD1 = 1,
MD2 = 1,
FWE = 0
*1
RES = 0
User mode
(on-chip ROM
enabled)
FWE = 1
Reset state
RES = 0
MD1 = 1,
MD2 = 1,
FWE = 1
RES = 0
FWE = 0
User
program mode
*2
MD1 = 1
MD2 = 0,
FWE = 1
RES = 0
Programmer
mode
*1
Boot mode
On-board programming mode
Notes: Only make a transition between user mode and user program mode when the CPU is
not accessing the flash memory.
1. RAM emulation possible
2. MD0 = 0, MD1 = 0, MD2 = 0, P14 = 0, FWE = 1, P16 = 0, PF0 = 1
Figure 20.2 Flash Memory State Transitions
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Section 20 ROM
20.2.3
On-Board Programming Modes
Boot Mode
1. Initial state
The old program version or data remains written
in the flash memory. The user should prepare the
programming control program and new
application program beforehand in the host.
2. Programming control program transfer
When boot mode is entered, the boot program in
the LSI (originally incorporated in the chip) is
started and the programming control program in
the host is transferred to RAM via SCI
communication. The boot program required for
flash memory erasing is automatically transferred
to the RAM boot program area.
Host
Host
Programming control
program
New application
program
New application
program
LSI
LSI
SCI
Boot program
Flash memory
SCI
Boot program
RAM
RAM
Flash memory
Boot program area
Application program
(old version)
Application program
(old version)
3. Flash memory initialization
The erase program in the boot program area (in
RAM) is executed, and the flash memory is
initialized (to H'FF). In boot mode, total flash
memory erasure is performed, without regard to
blocks.
Programming control
program
4. Writing new application program
The programming control program transferred
from the host to RAM is executed, and the new
application program in the host is written into the
flash memory.
Host
Host
New application
program
LSI
LSI
SCI
Boot program
Flash memory
RAM
Flash memory
Boot program area
Flash memory
preprogramming
erase
Programming control
program
SCI
Boot program
RAM
Boot program area
New application
program
Programming control
program
Program execution state
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Section 20 ROM
User Program Mode
1. Initial state
The FWE assessment program that confirms that
user program mode has been entered, and the
program that will transfer the programming/erase
control program from flash memory to on-chip
RAM should be written into the flash memory by
the user beforehand. The programming/erase
control program should be prepared in the host or
in the flash memory.
2. Programming/erase control program transfer
When user program mode is entered, user
software confirms this fact, executes transfer
program in the flash memory, and transfers the
programming/erase control program to RAM.
Host
Host
Programming/
erase control program
New application
program
New application
program
LSI
LSI
SCI
Boot program
Flash memory
SCI
Boot program
RAM
RAM
Flash memory
FWE assessment
program
FWE assessment
program
Transfer program
Transfer program
Programming/
erase control program
Application program
(old version)
Application program
(old version)
3. Flash memory initialization
The programming/erase program in RAM is
executed, and the flash memory is initialized (to
H'FF). Erasing can be performed in block units,
but not in byte units.
4. Writing new application program
Next, the new application program in the host is
written into the erased flash memory blocks. Do
not write to unerased blocks.
Host
Host
New application
program
LSI
LSI
SCI
Boot program
Flash memory
RAM
FWE assessment
program
Flash memory
RAM
FWE assessment
program
Transfer program
Transfer program
Programming/
erase control program
Flash memory
erase
SCI
Boot program
Programming/
erase control program
New application
program
Program execution state
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Section 20 ROM
20.2.4
Flash Memory Emulation in RAM
Emulation should be performed in user mode or user program mode. When the emulation block
set in RAMER is accessed while the emulation function is being executed, data written in the
overlap RAM is read.
SCI
Flash memory
RAM
Emulation block
Overlap RAM
(emulation is performed
on data written in RAM)
Application program
Execution state
Figure 20.3 Reading Overlap RAM Data in User Mode or User Program Mode
When overlap RAM data is confirmed, the RAMS bit is cleared, RAM overlap is released, and
writes should actually be performed to the flash memory.
When the programming control program is transferred to RAM, ensure that the transfer
destination and the overlap RAM do not overlap, as this will cause data in the overlap RAM to be
rewritten.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 676 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
SCI
Flash memory
RAM
Programming data
Overlap RAM
(programming data)
Programming control
program execution state
Application program
Figure 20.4 Writing Overlap RAM Data in User Program Mode
20.2.5
Differences between Boot Mode and User Program Mode
Table 20.1 Differences between Boot Mode and User Program Mode
Boot Mode
User Program Mode
Total erase
Yes
Yes
Block erase
No
Yes
Programming control program*
(2)
(1) (2) (3)
(1) Erase/erase-verify
(2) Program/program-verify
(3) Emulation
Note: * To be provided by the user, in accordance with the recommended algorithm.
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Section 20 ROM
20.2.6
Block Configuration
The flash memory is divided into two 32 kbytes blocks, one 28 kbytes block, one 16 kbytes block,
two 8 kbytes blocks, and four 1 kbyte blocks.
Address H'00000
1 kbyte × 4
28 kbytes
16 kbytes
8 kbytes
128 kbytes
8 kbytes
32 kbytes
32 kbytes
Address H'1FFFF
Figure 20.5 Block Configuration
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 678 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
20.3
Pin Configuration
The flash memory is controlled by means of the pins shown in table 20.2.
Table 20.2 Pin Configuration
Pin Name
Abbreviation
I/O
Function
Reset
RES
Input
Reset
Flash write enable
FWE
Input
Flash program/erase protection by hardware
Mode 2
MD2
Input
Sets LSI operating mode
Mode 1
MD1
Input
Sets LSI operating mode
Mode 0
MD0
Input
Sets LSI operating mode
Port F0
PF0
Input
Sets LSI operating mode when MD2 =
MD1 = MD0 = 0
Port 16
P16
Input
Sets LSI operating mode when MD2 =
MD1 = MD0 = 0
Port 14
P14
Input
Sets LSI operating mode when MD2 =
MD1 = MD0 = 0
Transmit data
TxD1
Output
Serial transmit data output
Receive data
RxD1
Input
Serial receive data input
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 679 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
20.4
Register Configuration
The registers used to control the on-chip flash memory when enabled are shown in table 20.3.
Table 20.3 Register Configuration
Register Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
Flash memory control register 1
FLMCR1*4
FLMCR2*4
R/W
H'00*2
H'FFA8
R
R/W
H'00
H'00*3
H'FFA9
EBR1*4
EBR2*4
H'FFAA
R/W
H'00*3
H'FFAB
RAMER*4
FLPWCR*4
R/W
H'00
H'00*3
H'FEDB
Flash memory control register 2
Erase block register 1
Erase block register 2
RAM emulation register
Flash memory power control register
R/W
H'FFAC
Notes: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
2. When a high level is input to the FWE pin, the initial value is H'80.
3. When a low level is input to the FWE pin, or if a high level is input and the SWE bit in
FLMCR1 is not set, these registers are initialized to H'00.
4. FLMCR1, FLMCR2, EBR1, EBR2, RAMER, and FLPWCR are 8-bit registers.
Use byte access on these registers.
20.5
Register Descriptions
20.5.1
Flash Memory Control Register 1 (FLMCR1)
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FWE
—*
SWE
ESU
PSU
EV
PV
E
P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Determined by the state of the FWE pin.
FLMCR1 is an 8-bit register used for flash memory operating mode control. Program-verify mode
or erase-verify mode for addresses H'00000 to H'1FFFF is entered by setting SWE bit to 1 when
FWE = 1, then setting the PV or EV bit. Program mode for addresses H'00000 to H'1FFFF is
entered by setting SWE bit to 1 when FWE = 1, then setting the PSU bit, and finally setting the P
bit. Erase mode for addresses H'00000 to H'1FFFF is entered by setting SWE bit to 1 when FWE
= 1, then setting the ESU bit, and finally setting the E bit. FLMCR1 is initialized by a reset, and in
hardware standby mode and software standby mode. Its initial value is H'80 when a high level is
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 680 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
input to the FWE pin, and H'00 when a low level is input. When on-chip flash memory is disabled,
a read will return H'00, and writes are invalid.
Writes are enabled only in the following cases: Writes to bit SWE of FLMCR1 enabled when
FWE = 1, to bits ESU, PSU, EV, and PV when FWE = 1 and SWE = 1, to bit E when FWE = 1,
SWE = 1 and ESU = 1, and to bit P when FWE = 1, SWE = 1, and PSU = 1.
Bit 7—Flash Write Enable Bit (FWE): Sets hardware protection against flash memory
programming/erasing.
Bit 7
FWE
Description
0
When a low level is input to the FWE pin (hardware-protected state)
1
When a high level is input to the FWE pin
Bit 6—Software Write Enable Bit (SWE): Enables or disables flash memory programming and
erasing. Set this bit when setting bits 5 to 0, bits 7 to 0 of EBR1, and bits 1 and 0 of EBR2.
Bit 6
SWE
Description
0
Writes disabled
1
Writes enabled
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When FWE = 1
Bit 5—Erase Setup Bit (ESU): Prepares for a transition to erase mode. Set this bit to 1 before
setting the E bit in FLMCR1 to 1. Do not set the SWE, PSU, EV, PV, E, or P bit at the same time.
Bit 5
ESU
Description
0
Erase setup cleared
1
Erase setup
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When FWE = 1 and SWE = 1
Bit 4—Program Setup Bit (PSU): Prepares for a transition to program mode. Set this bit to 1
before setting the P bit in FLMCR1 to 1. Do not set the SWE, ESU, EV, PV, E, or P bit at the
same time.
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Section 20 ROM
Bit 4
PSU
Description
0
Program setup cleared
1
Program setup
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When FWE = 1 and SWE = 1
Bit 3—Erase-Verify (EV): Selects erase-verify mode transition or clearing. Do not set the SWE,
ESU, PSU, PV, E, or P bit at the same time.
Bit 3
EV
Description
0
Erase-verify mode cleared
1
Transition to erase-verify mode
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When FWE = 1 and SWE = 1
Bit 2—Program-Verify (PV): Selects program-verify mode transition or clearing. Do not set the
SWE, ESU, PSU, EV, E, or P bit at the same time.
Bit 2
PV
Description
0
Program-verify mode cleared
1
Transition to program-verify mode
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When FWE = 1 and SWE = 1
Bit 1—Erase (E): Selects erase mode transition or clearing. Do not set the SWE, ESU, PSU, EV,
PV, or P bit at the same time.
Bit 1
E
Description
0
Erase mode cleared
1
Transition to erase mode
[Setting condition]
When FWE = 1, SWE = 1, and ESU = 1
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 682 of 1136
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(Initial value)
Section 20 ROM
Bit 0—Program (P): Selects program mode transition or clearing. Do not set the SWE, PSU,
ESU, EV, PV, or E bit at the same time.
Bit 0
P
Description
0
Program mode cleared
1
Transition to program mode
(Initial value)
[Setting condition]
When FWE = 1, SWE = 1, and PSU = 1
20.5.2
Flash Memory Control Register 2 (FLMCR2)
Bit:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FLER
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Initial value:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W:
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Note: FLMCR2 is a read-only register, and should not be written to.
FLMCR2 is an 8-bit register used for flash memory operating mode control. FLMCR2 is
initialized to H'00 by a reset, and in hardware standby mode and software standby mode. When
on-chip flash memory is disabled, a read will return H'00.
Bit 7—Flash Memory Error (FLER): Indicates that an error has occurred during an operation
on flash memory (programming or erasing). When FLER is set to 1, flash memory goes to the
error-protection state.
Bit 7
FLER
0
Description
Flash memory is operating normally
Flash memory program/erase protection (error protection) is disabled
(Initial value)
[Clearing condition]
Reset or hardware standby mode
1
An error has occurred during flash memory programming/erasing
Flash memory program/erase protection (error protection) is enabled
[Setting condition]
See section 20.8.3 Error Protection
Bits 6 to 0—Reserved: These bits always read 0.
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Section 20 ROM
20.5.3
Erase Block Register 1 (EBR1)
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
EB7
EB6
EB5
EB4
EB3
EB2
EB1
EB0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
EBR1 is an 8-bit register that specifies the flash memory erase area block by block. EBR1 is
initialized to H'00 by a reset, in hardware standby mode and software standby mode, when a low
level is input to the FWE pin, and when a high level is input to the FWE pin and the SWE bit in
FLMCR1 is not set. When a bit in EBR1 is set to 1, the corresponding block can be erased. Other
blocks are erase-protected. Only one of the bits of EBR1 and EBR2 combined can be set. Do not
set more than one bit, as this will cause all the bits in both EBR1 and EBR2 to be automatically
cleared to 0. When on-chip flash memory is disabled, a read will return H'00, and writes are
invalid.
The flash memory block configuration is shown in table 20.4.
20.5.4
Erase Block Register 2 (EBR2)
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
EB9
EB8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
EBR2 is an 8-bit register that specifies the flash memory erase area block by block. EBR2 is
initialized to H'00 by a reset, in hardware standby mode and software standby mode, when a low
level is input to the FWE pin. Bit 0 will be initialized to 0 if bit SWE of FLMCR1 is not set, even
though a high level is input to pin FWE. When a bit in EBR2 is set to 1, the corresponding block
can be erased. Other blocks are erase-protected. Only one of the bits of EBR1 and EBR2
combined can be set. Do not set more than one bit, as this will cause all the bits in both EBR1 and
EBR2 to be automatically cleared to 0. Bits 7 to 2 are reserved and must only be written with 0.
When on-chip flash memory is disabled, a read will return H'00, and writes are invalid.
The flash memory block configuration is shown in table 20.4.
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Section 20 ROM
Table 20.4 Flash Memory Erase Blocks
Block (Size)
Addresses
EB0 (1 kbyte)
H'000000 to H'0003FF
EB1 (1 kbyte)
H'000400 to H'0007FF
EB2 (1 kbyte)
H'000800 to H'000BFF
EB3 (1 kbyte)
H'000C00 to H'000FFF
EB4 (28 kbytes)
H'001000 to H'007FFF
EB5 (16 kbytes)
H'008000 to H'00BFFF
EB6 (8 kbytes)
H'00C000 to H'00DFFF
EB7 (8 kbytes)
H'00E000 to H'00FFFF
EB8 (32 kbytes)
H'010000 to H'017FFF
EB9 (32 kbytes)
H'018000 to H'01FFFF
20.5.5
RAM Emulation Register (RAMER)
Bit:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
RAMS
RAM2
RAM1
RAM0
Initial value:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W:
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
RAMER specifies the area of flash memory to be overlapped with part of RAM when emulating
real-time flash memory programming. RAMER initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware
standby mode. It is not initialized by software standby mode. RAMER settings should be made in
user mode or user program mode.
Flash memory area divisions are shown in table 20.5. To ensure correct operation of the emulation
function, the ROM for which RAM emulation is performed should not be accessed immediately
after this register has been modified. Normal execution of an access immediately after register
modification is not guaranteed.
Bits 7 and 6—Reserved: These bits always read 0.
Bits 5 and 4—Reserved: Only 0 may be written to these bits.
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Section 20 ROM
Bit 3—RAM Select (RAMS): Specifies selection or non-selection of flash memory emulation in
RAM. When RAMS = 1, all flash memory block are program/erase-protected.
Bit 3
RAMS
Description
0
Emulation not selected
(Initial value)
Program/erase-protection of all flash memory blocks is disabled
1
Emulation selected
Program/erase-protection of all flash memory blocks is enabled
Bits 2 to 0—Flash Memory Area Selection (RAM2 to RAM0): These bits are used together
with bit 3 to select the flash memory area to be overlapped with RAM. (See table 20.5.)
Table 20.5 Flash Memory Area Divisions
Addresses
Block Name
RAMS
RAM2
RAM1
RAM0
H'FFE000 to H'FFE3FF
RAM area 1 kbyte
0
*
*
*
H'000000 to H'0003FF
EB0 (1 kbyte)
1
0
0
*
H'000400 to H'0007FF
EB1 (1 kbyte)
1
0
1
*
H'000800 to H'000BFF
EB2 (1 kbyte)
1
1
0
*
H'000C00 to H'000FFF
EB3 (1 kbyte)
1
1
1
*
*: Don't care
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Section 20 ROM
20.5.6
Flash Memory Power Control Register (FLPWCR)
Bit:
Initial value:
R/W:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PDWND
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
FLPWCR enables or disables a transition to the flash memory power-down mode when the LSI
switches to subactive mode.
Bit 7—Power-Down Disable (PDWND): Enables or disables a transition to the flash memory
power-down mode when the LSI switches to subactive mode. For details, see section 20.12, Flash
Memory and Power-Down States.
Bit 7
PDWND
Description
0
Transition to flash memory power-down mode enabled
1
Transition to flash memory power-down mode disabled
(Initial value)
Bits 6 to 0—Reserved: These bits always read 0.
20.6
On-Board Programming Modes
When pins are set to on-board programming mode and a reset-start is executed, a transition is
made to the on-board programming state in which program/erase/verify operations can be
performed on the on-chip flash memory. There are two on-board programming modes: boot mode
and user program mode. The pin settings for transition to each of these modes are shown in table
20.6. For a diagram of the transitions to the various flash memory modes, see figure 20.2.
Table 20.6 Setting On-Board Programming Modes
Mode
Boot mode
Expanded mode
FWE
MD2
MD1
MD0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
Single-chip mode
User program mode
Expanded mode
Single-chip mode
1
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Section 20 ROM
20.6.1
Boot Mode
When boot mode is used, the flash memory programming control program must be prepared in the
host beforehand. The SCI channel to be used is set to asynchronous mode.
When a reset-start is executed after the LSI’s pins have been set to boot mode, the boot program
built into the LSI is started and the programming control program prepared in the host is serially
transmitted to the LSI via the SCI. In the LSI, the programming control program received via the
SCI is written into the programming control program area in on-chip RAM. After the transfer is
completed, control branches to the start address of the programming control program area and the
programming control program execution state is entered (flash memory programming is
performed).
The transferred programming control program must therefore include coding that follows the
programming algorithm given later.
The system configuration in boot mode is shown in figure 20.6, and the boot mode execution
procedure in figure 20.7.
LSI
Flash memory
Host
Write data reception
Verify data transmission
RxD1
SCI1
TxD1
Figure 20.6 System Configuration in Boot Mode
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On-chip RAM
Section 20 ROM
Start
Set pins to boot mode
and execute reset-start
Host transfers data (H'00)
continuously at prescribed bit rate
LSI measures low period
of H'00 data transmitted by host
LSI calculates bit rate and
sets value in bit rate register
After bit rate adjustment, LSI
transmits one H'00 data byte to
host to indicate end of adjustment
Host confirms normal reception
of bit rate adjustment end
indication (H'00), and transmits
one H'55 data byte
After receiving H'55,
LSI transmits one H'AA
data byte to host
Host transmits number
of programming control program
bytes (N), upper byte followed
by lower byte
LSI transmits received
number of bytes to host as verify
data (echo-back)
n=1
Host transmits programming control
program sequentially in byte units
LSI transmits received
programming control program to
host as verify data (echo-back)
n+1→n
Transfer received programming
control program to on-chip RAM
No
n = N?
Yes
End of transmission
Check flash memory data, and
if data has already been written,
erase all blocks
After confirming that all flash
memory data has been erased,
LSI transmits one H'AA data
byte to host
Execute programming control
program transferred to on-chip RAM
Note: If a memory cell does not operate normally and cannot be erased, one H'FF byte is
transmitted as an erase error, and the erase operation and subsequent operations
are halted.
Figure 20.7 Boot Mode Execution Procedure
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Section 20 ROM
Automatic SCI Bit Rate Adjustment
Start
bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Low period (9 bits) measured (H'00 data)
D7
Stop
bit
High period
(1 or more bits)
When boot mode is initiated, the LSI measures the low period of the asynchronous SCI
communication data (H'00) transmitted continuously from the host. The SCI transmit/receive
format should be set as follows: 8-bit data, 1 stop bit, no parity. The LSI calculates the bit rate of
the transmission from the host from the measured low period, and transmits one H'00 byte to the
host to indicate the end of bit rate adjustment. The host should confirm that this adjustment end
indication (H'00) has been received normally, and transmit one H'55 byte to the LSI. If reception
cannot be performed normally, initiate boot mode again (reset), and repeat the above operations.
Depending on the host’s transmission bit rate and the LSI’s system clock frequency, there will be
a discrepancy between the bit rates of the host and the LSI. Set the host transfer bit rate at 19,200,
9,600 or 4,800 bps to operate the SCI properly.
Table 20.7 shows host transfer bit rates and system clock frequencies for which automatic
adjustment of the LSI bit rate is possible. The boot program should be executed within this system
clock range.
Table 20.7 System Clock Frequencies for which Automatic Adjustment of LSI Bit Rate is
Possible
Host Bit Rate
System Clock Frequency for Which Automatic Adjustment
of LSI Bit Rate is Possible
19,200 bps
16 to 20 MHz
9,600 bps
8 to 20 MHz
4,800 bps
4 to 20 MHz
Note: The system clock frequency used in boot mode is generated by an external crystal oscillator
element. PLL frequency multiplication is not used.
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Section 20 ROM
On-Chip RAM Area Divisions in Boot Mode: In boot mode, the RAM area is divided into an
area used by the boot program and an area to which the programming control program is
transferred via the SCI, as shown in figure 20.8. The boot program area cannot be used until the
execution state in boot mode switches to the programming control program transferred from the
host.
H'FFE000
Boot program area
(2 kbytes)
H'FFE7FF
Programming
control program area
(1.9 kbytes)
H'FFEFBF
Note: The boot program area cannot be used until a transition is made to the execution state
for the programming control program transferred to RAM. Note also that the boot
program remains in this area of the on-chip RAM even after control branches to the
programming control program.
Figure 20.8 RAM Areas in Boot Mode
Notes on Use of Boot Mode:
• When the chip comes out of reset in boot mode, it measures the low-level period of the input at
the SCI’s RxD1 pin. The reset should end with RxD1 high. After the reset ends, it takes
approximately 100 states before the chip is ready to measure the low-level period of the RxD1
pin.
• In boot mode, if any data has been programmed into the flash memory (if all data is not 1), all
flash memory blocks are erased. Boot mode is for use when user program mode is unavailable,
such as the first time on-board programming is performed, or if the program activated in user
program mode is accidentally erased.
• Interrupts cannot be used while the flash memory is being programmed or erased.
• The RxD1 and TxD1 pins should be pulled up on the board.
• Before branching to the programming control program (RAM area H'FFE7FF), the chip
terminates transmit and receive operations by the on-chip SCI (channel 1) (by clearing the RE
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Section 20 ROM
and TE bits in SCR to 0), but the adjusted bit rate value remains set in BRR. The transmit data
output pin, TxD1, goes to the high-level output state (PA1DDR = 1, PA1DR = 1).
The contents of the CPU’s internal general registers are undefined at this time, so these
registers must be initialized immediately after branching to the programming control program.
In particular, since the stack pointer (SP) is used implicitly in subroutine calls, etc., a stack
area must be specified for use by the programming control program.
The initial values of other on-chip registers are not changed.
• Boot mode can be entered by making the pin settings shown in table 20.6 and executing a
reset-start.
Boot mode can be cleared by driving the reset pin low, waiting at least 20 states, then setting
the FWE pin and mode pins, and executing reset release*1. Boot mode can also be cleared by a
WDT overflow reset.
Do not change the mode pin input levels in boot mode, and do not drive the FWE pin low
while the boot program is being executed or while flash memory is being programmed or
erased*2.
• If the mode pin input levels are changed (for example, from low to high) during a reset, the
state of ports with multiplexed address functions and bus control output pins (AS, RD, HWR)
will change according to the change in the microcomputer’s operating mode*3.
Therefore, care must be taken to make pin settings to prevent these pins from becoming output
signal pins during a reset, or to prevent collision with signals outside the microcomputer.
Notes: 1. Mode pin and FWE pin input must satisfy the mode programming setup time (tMDS = 4
states) with respect to the reset release timing.
2. For more information on FWE application/cancel, refer to section 20.13, Flash
Memory Programming and Erasing Precautions.
3. See appendix D, Pin States.
20.6.2
User Program Mode
When set to user program mode, the chip can program and erase its flash memory by executing a
user program/erase control program. Therefore, on-board reprogramming of the on-chip flash
memory can be carried out by providing on-board means of FWE control and supply of
programming data, and storing a program/erase control program in part of the program area as
necessary.
To select user program mode, select a mode that enables the on-chip flash memory (modes 6 or 7),
and apply a high level to the FWE pin. In this mode, on-chip supporting modules other than flash
memory operate as they normally would in modes 6 and 7.
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Section 20 ROM
The flash memory itself cannot be read while the SWE bit is set to 1 to perform programming or
erasing, so the control program that performs programming and erasing should be run in on-chip
RAM or external memory. When a program is in external memory, an instruction for writing to
flash memory and the following instruction must be in the on-chip RAM.
Figure 20.9 shows the procedure for executing the program/erase control program when
transferred to on-chip RAM.
Write the FWE assessment program and
transfer program (and the program/erase
control program if necessary) beforehand
MD2, MD1, MD0 = 110, 111
Reset-start
Transfer program/erase control
program to RAM
Branch to program/erase control
program in RAM area
FWE = high*
Execute program/erase control
program (flash memory rewriting)
Clear FWE
Branch to flash memory application
program
Note: * Do not apply a constant high level to the FWE pin. Apply a high level to the FWE pin
only when the flash memory is programmed or erased. Also, while a high level is
applied to the FWE pin, the watchdog timer should be activated to prevent
overprogramming or overerasing due to program runaway, etc.
For more information on FWE application/cancel, refer to section 20.13, Flash
Memory Programming and Erasing Precautions.
Figure 20.9 User Program Mode Execution Procedure
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Section 20 ROM
20.7
Flash Memory Programming/Erasing
A software method, using the CPU, is employed to program and erase flash memory in the onboard programming modes. There are four flash memory operating modes: program mode, erase
mode, program-verify mode, and erase-verify mode. Transitions to these modes for addresses
H'000000 to H'01FFFF are made by setting the PSU, ESU, P, E, PV, and EV bits in FLMCR1.
The flash memory cannot be read while being programmed or erased. Therefore, the program
(user program) that controls flash memory programming/erasing should be located and executed
in on-chip RAM or external memory.
When a program is in external memory, an instruction for writing to flash memory and the
following instruction must be in the on-chip RAM. The DTC must not be activated before or after
execution of an instruction for writing to flash memory.
In the following operation descriptions, wait times after setting or clearing individual bits in
FLMCR1 are given as parameters; for details of the wait times, see section 23.7, Flash Memory
Characteristics.
Notes: 1. Operation is not guaranteed if setting/resetting of the SWE, ESU, PSU, EV, PV, E, and
P bits in FLMCR1 is executed by a program in flash memory.
2. When programming or erasing, set FWE to 1 (programming/erasing will not be
executed if FWE = 0).
3. Programming must be executed in the erased state. Do not perform additional
programming on addresses that have already been programmed.
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Section 20 ROM
*3
E=1
Erase setup
state
Erase mode
E=0
Normal mode
FWE = 1
ESU = 1
ESU = 0
*1
FWE = 0
EV = 1
*2
On-board
SWE = 1
Software
programming mode
programming
Software programming
enable
disable state
SWE = 0
state
Erase-verify
mode
EV = 0
PSU = 1
*4
P=1
PSU = 0
Program
setup state
Program mode
P=0
PV = 1
PV = 0
Program-verify
mode
Notes: In order to perform a normal read of flash memory, SWE must be cleared to 0. Also note that verify-reads
can be performed during the programming/erasing process.
1.
: Normal mode
: On-board programming mode
2. Do not make a state transition by setting or clearing multiple bits simultaneously.
3. After a transition from erase mode to the erase setup state, do not enter erase mode without passing
through the software programming enable state.
4. After a transition from program mode to the program setup state, do not enter program mode without
passing through the software programming enable state.
Figure 20.10 FLMCR1 Bit Settings and State Transitions
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Section 20 ROM
20.7.1
Program Mode
When writing data or programs to flash memory, the program/program-verify flowchart shown in
figure 20.11 should be followed. Performing programming operations according to this flowchart
will enable data or programs to be written to flash memory without subjecting the device to
voltage stress or sacrificing program data reliability. Programming should be carried out 128 bytes
at a time.
The wait times after bits are set or cleared in the flash memory control register 1 (FLMCR1) and
the maximum number of programming operations (N) are shown in table 23.10.
Following the elapse of (tsswe) µs or more after the SWE bit is set to 1 in FLMCR1, 128-byte data is
written consecutively to the write addresses. The lower 8 bits of the first address written to must
be H'00 and H'80, 128 consecutive byte data transfers are performed. The program address and
program data are latched in the flash memory. A 128-byte data transfer must be performed even if
writing fewer than 128 bytes; in this case, H'FF data must be written to the extra addresses.
Next, the watchdog timer (WDT) is set to prevent overprogramming due to program runaway, etc.
Set a value greater than (tspsu + tsp + tcp + tcpsu) µs as the WDT overflow period. Preparation for
entering program mode (program setup) is performed next by setting the PSU bit in FLMCR1.
The operating mode is then switched to program mode by setting the P bit in FLMCR1 after the
elapse of at least (tspsu) µs. The time during which the P bit is set is the flash memory programming
time. Make a program setting so that the time for one programming operation is within the range
of (tsp) µs.
The wait time after P bit setting must be changed according to the degree of progress through the
programming operation. For details see “Notes on Program/Program-Verify Procedure”, in section
20.7.2.
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Section 20 ROM
20.7.2
Program-Verify Mode
In program-verify mode, the data written in program mode is read to check whether it has been
correctly written in the flash memory.
After the elapse of the given programming time, clear the P bit in FLMCR1, then wait for at least
(tcp) µs before clearing the PSU bit to exit program mode. After exiting program mode, the
watchdog timer setting is also cleared. The operating mode is then switched to program-verify
mode by setting the PV bit in FLMCR1. Before reading in program-verify mode, a dummy write
of H'FF data should be made to the addresses to be read. The dummy write should be executed
after the elapse of (tspv) µs or more. When the flash memory is read in this state (verify data is read
in 16-bit units), the data at the latched address is read. Wait at least (tspvr) µs after the dummy write
before performing this read operation. Next, the originally written data is compared with the verify
data, and reprogram data is computed (see figure 20.11) and transferred to RAM. After
verification of 128 bytes of data has been completed, exit program-verify mode, wait for at least
(tcpv) µs, then clear the SWE bit in FLMCR1. If reprogramming is necessary, set program mode
again, and repeat the program/program-verify sequence as before. The maximum number of
repetitions of the program/program-verify sequence is indicated by the maximum programming
count (N). Leave a wait time of at least (tcswe) µs after clearing SWE.
Notes on Program/Program-Verify Procedure
1. In order to perform 128-byte-unit programming, the lower 8 bits of the write start address must
be H'00 or H'80.
2. When performing continuous writing of 128-byte data to flash memory, byte-unit transfer
should be used.
128-byte data transfer is necessary even when writing fewer than 128 bytes of data. Write
H'FF data to the extra addresses.
3. Verify data is read in word units.
4. The write pulse is applied and a flash memory write executed while the P bit in FLMCR1 is
set. In the H8S/2646, write pulses should be applied as follows in the program/program-verify
procedure to prevent voltage stress on the device and loss of write data reliability.
a. After write pulse application, perform a verify-read in program-verify mode and apply a
write pulse again for any bits read as 1 (reprogramming processing). When all the 0-write
bits in the 128-byte write data are read as 0 in the verify-read operation, the
program/program-verify procedure is completed. In the H8S/2646, the number of loops in
reprogramming processing is guaranteed not to exceed the maximum value of the
maximum programming count (N).
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Section 20 ROM
b. After write pulse application, a verify-read is performed in program-verify mode, and
programming is judged to have been completed for bits read as 0. The following processing
is necessary for programmed bits.
When programming is completed at an early stage in the program/program-verify
procedure:
If programming is completed in the 1st to 6th reprogramming processing loop, additional
programming should be performed on the relevant bits. Additional programming should
only be performed on bits which first return 0 in a verify-read in certain reprogramming
processing.
When programming is completed at a late stage in the program/program-verify procedure:
If programming is completed in the 7th or later reprogramming processing loop, additional
programming is not necessary for the relevant bits.
c. If programming of other bits is incomplete in the 128 bytes, reprogramming processing
should be executed. If a bit for which programming has been judged to be completed is
read as 1 in a subsequent verify-read, a write pulse should again be applied to that bit.
5. The period for which the P bit in FLMCR1 is set (the write pulse width) should be changed
according to the degree of progress through the program/program-verify procedure. For
detailed wait time specifications, see section 23.7, Flash Memory Characteristics.
Item
Symbol
Item
Symbol
Wait time after
P bit setting
tsp
When reprogramming loop count (n) is 1 to 6
tsp30
When reprogramming loop count (n) is 7 or more
In case of additional programming processing*
tsp200
tsp10
Note: * Additional programming processing is necessary only when the reprogramming loop count
(n) is 1 to 6.
6. The program/program-verify flowchart for the LSI is shown in figure 20.11.
To cover the points noted above, bits on which reprogramming processing is to be executed,
and bits on which additional programming is to be executed, must be determined as shown
below.
Since reprogram data and additional-programming data vary according to the progress of the
programming procedure, it is recommended that the following data storage areas (128 bytes
each) be provided in RAM.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 698 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Reprogram Data Computation Table
(D)
Result of Verify-Read
after Write Pulse
Application (V)
(X)
Result of Operation
0
0
1
Programming completed: reprogramming
processing not to be executed
0
1
0
Programming incomplete: reprogramming
processing to be executed
1
0
1

1
1
1
Still in erased state: no action
Comments
Legend:
(D): Source data of bits on which programming is executed
(X): Source data of bits on which reprogramming is executed
Additional-Programming Data Computation Table
Result of Verify-Read
after Write Pulse
(X') Application (V)
(Y)
Result of Operation
0
0
0
Programming by write pulse application
judged to be completed: additional
programming processing to be executed
0
1
1
Programming by write pulse application
incomplete: additional programming
processing not to be executed
1
0
1
Programming already completed: additional
programming processing not to be executed
1
1
1
Still in erased state: no action
Comments
Legend:
(Y): Data of bits on which additional programming is executed
(X'): Data of bits on which reprogramming is executed in a certain reprogramming loop
7. It is necessary to execute additional programming processing during the course of the LSI
program/program-verify procedure. However, once 128-byte-unit programming is finished,
additional programming should not be carried out on the same address area. When executing
reprogramming, an erase must be executed first. Note that normal operation of reads, etc., is
not guaranteed if additional programming is performed on addresses for which a
program/program-verify operation has finished.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 699 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
Write pulse application subroutine
Start of programming
Sub-Routine Write Pulse
START
Perform programming in the erased state.
Do not perform additional programming
on previously programmed addresses.
Set SWE bit in FLMCR1
WDT enable
Wait (tsswe) µs
Set PSU bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tspsu) µs
*7
*4
n=1
Start of programming
Set P bit in FLMCR1
*7
Store 128-byte program data in program
data area and reprogram data area
m=0
Wait (tsp) µs
*5*7
Write 128-byte data in RAM reprogram
data area consecutively to flash memory
End of programming
Clear P bit in FLMCR1
*1
Sub-Routine-Call
Wait (tcp) µs
*7
See note 6 for pulse width
Write pulse
Set PV bit in FLMCR1
Clear PSU bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tcpsu) µs
Wait (tspv) µs
*7
*7
H'FF dummy write to verify address
Disable WDT
End Sub
Number of Writes n
Write Time (tsp) µsec
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
30
30
30
30
30
30
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
998
999
1000
m=1
No
Transfer additional-programming data to
additional-programming data area
*4
*3
Reprogram data computation
Transfer reprogram data to reprogram data area
*4
128-byte
data verification completed?
No
200
200
200
Yes
Clear PV bit in FLMCR1
Reprogram
Wait (tcpv) µs
6 ≥ n?
*7
No
Yes
Successively write 128-byte data from additional1
programming data area in RAM to flash memory *
Sub-Routine-Call
Reprogram data storage
area (128 bytes)
Write Pulse (Additional programming)
Additional-programming
data storage area
(128 bytes)
7.
No
6 ≥ n?
RAM
5.
*2
Write data =
verify data?
Yes
Additional-programming data computation
Program data storage
area (128 bytes)
4.
Read verify data
n←n+1
Yes
Note: Use a 10 µs write pulse for additional programming.
2.
3.
*7
Increment address
Note 6. Write Pulse Width
Notes: 1.
Wait (tspvr) µs
m = 0?
No
n ≥ (N)?
*7
No
Yes
Clear SWE bit in FLMCR1
Yes
Clear SWE bit in FLMCR1
Data transfer is performed by byte transfer. The lower 8 bits of the first address written to must be
Wait (tcswe) µs
Wait (tcswe) µs
H'00 or H'80. A 128-byte data transfer must be performed even if writing fewer than 128 bytes;
in this case, H'FF data must be written to the extra addresses.
End of programming
Programming failure
Verify data is read in 16-bit (word) units.
Reprogram data is determined by the operation shown in the table below (comparison between
the data stored in the program data area and the verify data). Bits for which the reprogram data is 0 are programmed in the next reprogramming loop.
Therefore, even bits for which programming has been completed will be subjected to programming once again if the result of the subsequent verify operation is NG.
A 128-byte area for storing program data, a 128-byte area for storing reprogram data, and a 128-byte area for storing additional data must be provided in RAM.
The contents of the reprogram data area and additional data area are modified as programming proceeds.
A write pulse of 30 µs or 200 µs is applied according to the progress of the programming operation. See note 6 for details of the pulse widths.
When writing of additional-programming data is executed, a 10 µs write pulse should be applied. Reprogram data X' means reprogram data when the write pulse is applied.
The wait times and value of N are shown in section 23.7, Flash Memory Characteristics.
*7
Additional-Programming Data Computation Table
Reprogram Data Computation Table
Reprogram Data Verify Data
Additional(X')
(V)
Programming Data (Y)
Original Data
Verify Data
Reprogram Data
(D)
(V)
(X)
0
0
1
Programming completed
0
0
0
Additional programming to be executed
0
1
0
Programming incomplete; reprogram
0
1
1
Additional programming not to be executed
1
0
1
1
0
1
Additional programming not to be executed
1
1
1
1
1
1
Additional programming not to be executed
Comments
Still in erased state; no action
Comments
Figure 20.11 Program/Program-Verify Flowchart (128-Byte Programming)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 700 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.7.3
Erase Mode
When erasing flash memory, the single-block erase flowchart shown in figure 20.12 should be
followed.
The wait times after bits are set or cleared in the flash memory control register 1 (FLMCR1) and
the maximum number of erase operations (N) are shown in table 23.10 in section 23.7, Flash
Memory Characteristics.
To erase flash memory contents, make a 1-bit setting for the flash memory area to be erased in
erase block register 1 and 2 (EBR1, EBR2) at least (tsswe) µs after setting the SWE bit to 1 in
FLMCR1. Next, the watchdog timer (WDT) is set to prevent overerasing due to program
runaway, etc. Set a value greater than (tse) ms + (tsesu + tce + tcesu) µs as the WDT overflow period.
Preparation for entering erase mode (erase setup) is performed next by setting the ESU bit in
FLMCR1. The operating mode is then switched to erase mode by setting the E bit in FLMCR1
after the elapse of at least (tsesu) µs. The time during which the E bit is set is the flash memory
erase time. Ensure that the erase time does not exceed (tse) ms.
Note: With flash memory erasing, preprogramming (setting all memory data in the memory to
be erased to all 0) is not necessary before starting the erase procedure.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 701 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
20.7.4
Erase-Verify Mode
In erase-verify mode, data is read after memory has been erased to check whether it has been
correctly erased.
After the elapse of the fixed erase time, clear the E bit in FLMCR1, then wait for at least (tce) µs
before clearing the ESU bit to exit erase mode. After exiting erase mode, the watchdog timer
setting is also cleared. The operating mode is then switched to erase-verify mode by setting the
EV bit in FLMCR1. Before reading in erase-verify mode, a dummy write of H'FF data should be
made to the addresses to be read. The dummy write should be executed after the elapse of (tsev) µs
or more. When the flash memory is read in this state (verify data is read in 16-bit units), the data at
the latched address is read. Wait at least (tsevr) µs after the dummy write before performing this read
operation. If the read data has been erased (all 1), a dummy write is performed to the next address,
and erase-verify is performed. If the read data is unerased, set erase mode again, and repeat the
erase/erase-verify sequence as before. The maximum number of repetitions of the erase/eraseverify sequence is indicated by the maximum erase count (N). When verification is completed,
exit erase-verify mode, and wait for at least (tcev) µs. If erasure has been completed on all the erase
blocks, clear the SWE bit in FLMCR1, and leave a wait time of at least (tcswe) µs.
If erasing multiple blocks, set a single bit in EBR1/EBR2 for the next block to be erased, and
repeat the erase/erase-verify sequence as before.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 702 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
Start
*1
Perform erasing in block units.
Set SWE bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tsswe) µs
*5
n=1
Set EBR1 or EBR2
*3, *4
Enable WDT
Set ESU bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tsesu) µs
*5
Start of erase
Set E bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tse) ms
*5
Clear E bit in FLMCR1
Erase halted
Wait (tce) µs
*5
Clear ESU bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tcesu) µs
*5
Disable WDT
Set EV bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tsev) µs
n←n+1
*5
Set block start address as verify address
H'FF dummy write to verify address
Wait (tsevr) µs
*5
Read verify data
Increment
address
Verify data = all 1s?
*2
No
Yes
No
Last address of block?
Yes
Clear EV bit in FLMCR1
*5
Wait (tcev) µs
Clear EV bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tcev) µs
*5
n ≥ (N)?
Clear SWE bit in FLMCR1
Notes: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
*5
*5
No
Yes
Clear SWE bit in FLMCR1
Wait (tcswe) µs
Wait (tcswe) µs
End of erasing
Erase failure
*5
Prewriting (setting erase block data to all 0s) is not necessary.
Verify data is read in 16-bit (word) units.
Make only a single-bit specification in the erase block registers (EBR1 and EBR2). Two or more bits must not be set simultaneously.
Erasing is performed in block units. To erase multiple blocks, each block must be erased in turn.
The wait times and the value of N are shown in section 23.7, Flash Memory Characteristics.
Figure 20.12 Erase/Erase-Verify Flowchart (Single Block Erase)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 703 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.8
Protection
There are three kinds of flash memory program/erase protection: hardware protection, software
protection, and error protection.
20.8.1
Hardware Protection
Hardware protection refers to a state in which programming/erasing of flash memory is forcibly
disabled or aborted. Hardware protection is reset by settings in flash memory control register 1
(FLMCR1), flash memory control register 2 (FLMCR2), erase block register 1 (EBR1), and erase
block register 2 (EBR2). The FLMCR1, FLMCR2, EBR1, and EBR2 settings are retained in the
error-protected state. (See table 20.8.)
Table 20.8 Hardware Protection
Functions
Item
Description
Program
Erase
FWE pin protection
•
When a low level is input to the FWE pin,
FLMCR1, FLMCR2, (except bit FLER)
EBR1, and EBR2 are initialized, and the
program/erase-protected state is entered.
Yes
Yes
Reset/standby
protection
•
In a reset (including a WDT reset) and in
standby mode, FLMCR1, FLMCR2, EBR1,
and EBR2 are initialized, and the
program/erase-protected state is entered.
Yes
Yes
•
In a reset via the RES pin, the reset state is
not entered unless the RES pin is held low
until oscillation stabilizes after powering on.
In the case of a reset during operation, hold
the RES pin low for the RES pulse width
specified in the AC Characteristics section.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 704 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
20.8.2
Software Protection
Software protection can be implemented by setting the SWE bit in FLMCR1, erase block register
1 (EBR1), erase block register 2 (EBR2), and the RAMS bit in the RAM emulation register
(RAMER). When software protection is in effect, setting the P or E bit in flash memory control
register 1 (FLMCR1), does not cause a transition to program mode or erase mode. (See table
20.9.)
Table 20.9 Software Protection
Functions
Item
Description
SWE bit protection
•
Setting bit SWE in FLMCR1 to 0 will place Yes
area H'000000 to H'01FFFF in the
program/erase-protected state. (Execute the
program in the on-chip RAM, external
memory)
Block specification
protection
•
Erase protection can be set for individual
blocks by settings in erase block register 1
(EBR1) and erase block register 2 (EBR2).
•
Setting EBR1 and EBR2 to H'00 places all
blocks in the erase-protected state.
Emulation protection •
Program
—
Yes
Setting the RAMS bit to 1 in the RAM
emulation register (RAMER) places all
blocks in the program/erase-protected state.
Erase
Yes
Yes
Yes
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 705 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.8.3
Error Protection
In error protection, an error is detected when H8S/2646 runaway occurs during flash memory
programming/erasing, or operation is not performed in accordance with the program/erase
algorithm, and the program/erase operation is aborted. Aborting the program/erase operation
prevents damage to the flash memory due to overprogramming or overerasing.
If the LSI malfunctions during flash memory programming/erasing, the FLER bit is set to 1 in
FLMCR2 and the error protection state is entered. The FLMCR1, FLMCR2, EBR1, and EBR2
settings are retained, but program mode or erase mode is aborted at the point at which the error
occurred. Program mode or erase mode cannot be re-entered by re-setting the P or E bit. However,
PV and EV bit setting is enabled, and a transition can be made to verify mode.
FLER bit setting conditions are as follows:
1. When the flash memory of the relevant address area is read during programming/erasing
(including vector read and instruction fetch)
2. Immediately after exception handling (excluding a reset) during programming/erasing
3. When a SLEEP instruction (including software standby) is executed during
programming/erasing
4. When the CPU releases the bus to the DTC
Error protection is released only by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 706 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Figure 20.13 shows the flash memory state transition diagram.
Program mode
Erase mode
Reset or standby
(hardware protection)
RES = 0 or HSTBY = 0
RD VF PR ER FLER = 0
RD VF PR ER FLER = 0
Error occurrence
(software standby)
RES = 0 or
HSTBY = 0
Error
occurrence
RES = 0 or
HSTBY = 0
Error protection mode
RD VF PR ER FLER = 1
Software
standby mode
Software standby
mode release
FLMCR1, FLMCR2,
EBR1, EBR2
initialization state
Error protection mode
(software standby)
RD VF PR ER FLER = 1
FLMCR1, FLMCR2, (except bit FLER)
EBR1, EBR2 initialization state
Legend:
RD: Memory read possible
VF: Verify-read possible
PR: Programming possible
ER: Erasing possible
RD:
VF:
PR:
ER:
Memory read not possible
Verify-read not possible
Programming not possible
Erasing not possible
Figure 20.13 Flash Memory State Transitions
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 707 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.9
Flash Memory Emulation in RAM
Making a setting in the RAM emulation register (RAMER) enables part of RAM to be overlapped
onto the flash memory area so that data to be written to flash memory can be emulated in RAM in
real time. After the RAMER setting has been made, accesses cannot be made from the flash
memory area or the RAM area overlapping flash memory. Emulation can be performed in user
mode and user program mode. Figure 20.14 shows an example of emulation of real-time flash
memory programming.
Start of emulation program
Set RAMER
Write tuning data to overlap
RAM
Execute application program
No
Tuning OK?
Yes
Clear RAMER
Write to flash memory emulation
block
End of emulation program
Figure 20.14 Flowchart for Flash Memory Emulation in RAM
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 708 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
This area can be accessed
from both the RAM area
and flash memory area
H'000000
EB0
H'000400
EB1
H'000800
EB2
H'000C00
EB3
H'001000
Flash memory
EB4 to EB9
H'FFE000
H'FFE3FF
On-chip RAM
H'FFEFBF
H'01FFFF
Figure 20.15 Example of RAM Overlap Operation
Example in which Flash Memory Block Area EB0 is Overlapped
1. Set bits RAMS, RAM2 to RAM0 in RAMER to 1, 0, 0, 0, to overlap part of RAM onto the
area (EB0) for which real-time programming is required.
2. Real-time programming is performed using the overlapping RAM.
3. After the program data has been confirmed, the RAMS bit is cleared, releasing RAM overlap.
4. The data written in the overlapping RAM is written into the flash memory space (EB0).
Notes: 1. When the RAMS bit is set to 1, program/erase protection is enabled for all blocks
regardless of the value of RAM2 to RAM0 (emulation protection). In this state, setting
the P or E bit in flash memory control register 1 (FLMCR1), will not cause a transition
to program mode or erase mode. When actually programming or erasing a flash
memory area, the RAMS bit should be cleared to 0.
2. A RAM area cannot be erased by execution of software in accordance with the erase
algorithm while flash memory emulation in RAM is being used.
3. Block area EB0 contains the vector table. When performing RAM emulation, the
vector table is needed in the overlap RAM.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 709 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.10
Interrupt Handling when Programming/Erasing Flash Memory
All interrupts, including NMI interrupt is disabled when flash memory is being programmed or
erased (when the P or E bit is set in FLMCR1), and while the boot program is executing in boot
mode*1, to give priority to the program or erase operation. There are three reasons for this:
1. Interrupt during programming or erasing might cause a violation of the programming or
erasing algorithm, with the result that normal operation could not be assured.
2. In the interrupt exception handling sequence during programming or erasing, the vector would
not be read correctly*2, possibly resulting in MCU runaway.
3. If interrupt occurred during boot program execution, it would not be possible to execute the
normal boot mode sequence.
For these reasons, in on-board programming mode alone there are conditions for disabling
interrupt, as an exception to the general rule. However, this provision does not guarantee normal
erasing and programming or MCU operation. All requests, including NMI interrupt, must
therefore be restricted inside and outside the MCU when programming or erasing flash memory.
NMI interrupt is also disabled in the error-protection state while the P or E bit remains set in
FLMCR1.
Notes: 1. Interrupt requests must be disabled inside and outside the MCU until the programming
control program has completed programming.
2. The vector may not be read correctly in this case for the following two reasons:
• If flash memory is read while being programmed or erased (while the P or E bit is
set in FLMCR1), correct read data will not be obtained (undetermined values will
be returned).
• If the interrupt entry in the vector table has not been programmed yet, interrupt
exception handling will not be executed correctly.
20.11
Flash Memory Programmer Mode
Programs and data can be written and erased in programmer mode as well as in the on-board
programming modes. In programmer mode, flash memory read mode, auto-program mode, autoerase mode, and status read mode are supported. In auto-program mode, auto-erase mode, and
status read mode, a status polling procedure is used, and in status read mode, detailed internal
signals are output after execution of an auto-program or auto-erase operation.
In programmer mode, set the mode pins to programmer mode (see table 20.10) and input a 12
MHz input clock.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 710 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Table 20.10 shows the pin settings for programmer mode. For the pin names in programmer mode,
see figure 20.17.
Table 20.10 Programmer Mode Pin Settings
Pin Names
Settings
Mode pins: MD2, MD1, MD0
Low level input to MD2, MD1, and MD0.
Mode setting pins: PF0, P16, P14
High level input to PF0, low level input to P16 and P14
FWE pin
High level input (in auto-program and auto-erase
modes)
RES pin
Reset circuit
XTAL, EXTAL, PLLCAP, PLLVSS pins
Oscillator circuit
VCL
Internal step-down circuit
20.11.1 Socket Adapter Pin Correspondence Diagram
Connect the socket adapter to the chip as shown in figure 20.17. This will enable conversion to a
40-pin arrangement. The on-chip ROM memory map is shown in figure 20.16, and the socket
adapter pin correspondence diagram in figure 20.17.
Addresses in
MCU mode
Addresses in
programmer mode
H'000000
H'00000
On-chip ROM space
128 kbytes
H'01FFFF
H'1FFFF
Figure 20.16 On-Chip ROM Memory Map
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 711 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
H8S/2646F-ZTAT, H8S/2648F-ZTAT
Socket Adapter
(Conversion to
40-Pin
Arrangement)
40-Pin Socket on Writer
Pin No.
Pin Name
21
A0
A1
22
A1
24
A2
23
A2
25
A3
24
A3
26
A4
25
A4
27
A5
26
A5
28
A6
27
A6
29
A7
28
A7
30
A8
29
A8
31
A9
31
A9
32
A10
32
A10
33
A11
33
A11
34
A12
34
A12
35
A13
35
A13
36
A14
36
A14
37
A15
37
A15
47
A16
38
A16
48
A17
39
A17
49
A18
10
A18
50
A19
9
A19
13
D8
19
I/O0
14
D9
18
I/O1
15
D10
17
I/O2
16
D11
16
I/O3
17
D12
15
I/O4
18
D13
14
I/O5
19
D14
13
I/O6
20
D15
12
I/O7
11
PE7
2
CE
9
PE5
20
OE
10
PE6
3
WE
97
FWE
4
FWE
Pin No. FP-144
Pin Name
22
A0
23
1, 21, 56, 66, 84, 85, 91, 92, 98, 119,
VCC, LPVcc, AVcc,
1, 40
VCC
126, 127
Vref, PWMVcc etc
11, 30
VSS
8, 12, 40, 51, 61, 71, 72, 73, 74, 88,
89, 95, 105, 107, 123, 144
VSS, AVss,
5, 6, 7
NC
8
A20
PWMVss etc
7
PE3
83
RES
94
XTAL
96
EXTAL
87
PLLCAP
86
PLLVSS
93
VCL
Other than the above
NC (OPEN)
Power-on
reset circuit
Oscillator
circuit
PLL circuit
Capacitor
Legend:
FWE:
I/O0 to 7:
A20 to 0:
OE:
CE:
WE:
Flash write enable
Data input/output
Address input
Output enable
Chip enable
Write enable
Note: This drawing indicates pin correspondences and does not show the entire circuitry of the socket adapter.
Figure 20.17 Socket Adapter Pin Correspondence Diagram
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 712 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.11.2 Programmer Mode Operation
Table 20.11 shows how the different operating modes are set when using programmer mode, and
table 20.12 lists the commands used in programmer mode. Details of each mode are given below.
• Memory Read Mode
Memory read mode supports byte reads.
• Auto-Program Mode
Auto-program mode supports programming of 128 bytes at a time. Status polling is used to
confirm the end of auto-programming.
• Auto-Erase Mode
Auto-erase mode supports automatic erasing of the entire flash memory. Status polling is used
to confirm the end of auto-programming.
• Status Read Mode
Status polling is used for auto-programming and auto-erasing, and normal termination can be
confirmed by reading the I/O6 signal. In status read mode, error information is output if an
error occurs.
Table 20.11 Settings for Various Operating Modes in Programmer Mode
Pin Names
Mode
FWE
CE
OE
WE
I/O7 to I/O0
A18 to A0
Read
H or L
L
L
H
Data output
Ain
Output disable
H or L
H or L*3
L
H
H
Hi-Z
X
L
H
L
Data input
Ain*2
H or L
H
X
X
Hi-Z
X
Command write
Chip disable*1
Notes: 1. Chip disable is not a standby state; internally, it is an operation state.
2. Ain indicates that there is also address input in auto-program mode.
3. For command writes in auto-program and auto-erase modes, input a high level to the
FWE pin.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 713 of 1136
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Section 20 ROM
Table 20.12 Programmer Mode Commands
1st Cycle
2nd Cycle
Command Name
Number
of Cycles
Mode
Address
Data
Mode
Address
Data
Memory read mode
1+n
Write
X
H'00
Read
RA
Dout
Auto-program mode
129
Write
X
H'40
Write
WA
Din
Auto-erase mode
2
Write
X
H'20
Write
X
H'20
Status read mode
2
Write
X
H'71
Write
X
H'71
Notes: 1. In auto-program mode, 129 cycles are required for command writing by a simultaneous
128-byte write.
2. In memory read mode, the number of cycles depends on the number of address write
cycles (n).
20.11.3 Memory Read Mode
1. After completion of auto-program/auto-erase/status read operations, a transition is made to the
command wait state. When reading memory contents, a transition to memory read mode must
first be made with a command write, after which the memory contents are read.
2. In memory read mode, command writes can be performed in the same way as in the command
wait state.
3. Once memory read mode has been entered, consecutive reads can be performed.
4. After powering on, memory read mode is entered.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 714 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Table 20.13 AC Characteristics in Transition to Memory Read Mode
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±0.5 V, VSS = 0 V, Ta = 25°C ±5°C
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Command write cycle
tnxtc
20
—
µs
CE hold time
tceh
0
—
ns
CE setup time
tces
0
—
ns
Data hold time
tdh
50
—
ns
Data setup time
tds
50
—
ns
Write pulse width
twep
70
—
ns
WE rise time
tr
—
30
ns
WE fall time
tf
—
30
ns
Command write
Memory read mode
Address stable
A18–A0
tces
tceh
tnxtc
CE
OE
twep
tf
tr
WE
tds
tdh
I/O7–I/O0
Note: Data is latched on the rising edge of WE.
Figure 20.18 Timing Waveforms for Memory Read after Memory Write
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 715 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Table 20.14 AC Characteristics in Transition from Memory Read Mode to Another Mode
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±0.5 V, VSS = 0 V, Ta = 25°C ±5°C
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Command write cycle
tnxtc
20
—
µs
CE hold time
tceh
0
—
ns
CE setup time
tces
0
—
ns
Data hold time
tdh
50
—
ns
Data setup time
tds
50
—
ns
Write pulse width
twep
70
—
ns
WE rise time
tr
—
30
ns
WE fall time
tf
—
30
ns
Memory read mode
A18–A0
Other mode command write
Address stable
tnxtc
tces
tceh
CE
OE
twep
tf
tr
WE
tds
tdh
I/O7–I/O0
Note: Do not enable WE and OE at the same time.
Figure 20.19 Timing Waveforms in Transition from Memory Read Mode to Another Mode
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 716 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Table 20.15 AC Characteristics in Memory Read Mode
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±0.5 V, VSS = 0 V, Ta = 25°C ±5°C
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Access time
tacc
—
20
µs
CE output delay time
tce
—
150
ns
OE output delay time
toe
—
150
ns
Output disable delay time
tdf
—
100
ns
Data output hold time
toh
5
—
ns
Address stable
A18–A0
CE
VIL
OE
VIL
WE
VIH
Address stable
tacc
tacc
toh
toh
I/O7–I/O0
Figure 20.20 CE and OE Enable State Read Timing Waveforms
Address stable
A18–A0
Address stable
tce
tce
CE
toe
toe
OE
WE
VIH
tacc
tacc
toh
tdf
toh
tdf
I/O7–I/O0
Figure 20.21 CE and OE Clock System Read Timing Waveforms
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 717 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.11.4 Auto-Program Mode
1. In auto-program mode, 128 bytes are programmed simultaneously. This should be carried out
by executing 128 consecutive byte transfers.
2. A 128-byte data transfer is necessary even when programming fewer than 128 bytes. In this
case, H'FF data must be written to the extra addresses.
3. The lower 7 bits of the transfer address must be low. If a value other than an effective address
is input, processing will switch to a memory write operation but a write error will be flagged.
4. Memory address transfer is performed in the second cycle (figure 20.22). Do not perform
transfer after the third cycle.
5. Do not perform a command write during a programming operation.
6. Perform one auto-program operation for a 128-byte block for each address. Two or more
additional programming operations cannot be performed on a previously programmed address
block.
7. Confirm normal end of auto-programming by checking I/O6. Alternatively, status read mode
can also be used for this purpose (I/O7 status polling uses the auto-program operation end
decision pin).
8. Status polling I/O6 and I/O7 pin information is retained until the next command write. As long
as the next command write has not been performed, reading is possible by enabling CE and
OE.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 718 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Table 20.16 AC Characteristics in Auto-Program Mode
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±0.5 V, VSS = 0 V, Ta = 25°C ±5°C
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Command write cycle
tnxtc
20
—
µs
CE hold time
tceh
0
—
ns
CE setup time
tces
0
—
ns
Data hold time
tdh
50
—
ns
Data setup time
tds
50
—
ns
Write pulse width
twep
70
—
ns
Status polling start time
twsts
1
—
ms
Status polling access time
tspa
—
150
ns
Address setup time
tas
0
—
ns
Address hold time
tah
60
—
ns
Memory write time
twrite
1
3000
ms
Write setup time
tpns
100
—
ns
Write end setup time
tpnh
100
—
ns
WE rise time
tr
—
30
ns
WE fall time
tf
—
30
ns
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 719 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
FWE
tpnh
Address
stable
A18–A0
tpns
tces
tceh
tnxtc
tnxtc
CE
OE
tf
twep
tr
tas
tah
twsts
tspa
WE
tds
tdh
Data transfer
1 to 128 bytes
twrite
I/O7
Write operation end decision signal
I/O6
Write normal end decision signal
I/O5–I/O0
H'40
H'00
Figure 20.22 Auto-Program Mode Timing Waveforms
20.11.5 Auto-Erase Mode
1. Auto-erase mode supports only entire memory erasing.
2. Do not perform a command write during auto-erasing.
3. Confirm normal end of auto-erasing by checking I/O6. Alternatively, status read mode can also
be used for this purpose (I/O7 status polling uses the auto-erase operation end decision pin).
4. Status polling I/O6 and I/O7 pin information is retained until the next command write. As long
as the next command write has not been performed, reading is possible by enabling CE and
OE.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 720 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Table 20.17 AC Characteristics in Auto-Erase Mode
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±0.5 V, VSS = 0 V, Ta = 25°C ±5°C
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Command write cycle
tnxtc
20
—
µs
CE hold time
tceh
0
—
ns
CE setup time
tces
0
—
ns
Data hold time
tdh
50
—
ns
Data setup time
tds
50
—
ns
Write pulse width
twep
70
—
ns
Status polling start time
tests
1
—
ms
Status polling access time
tspa
—
150
ns
Memory erase time
terase
100
40000
ms
Erase setup time
tens
100
—
ns
Erase end setup time
tenh
100
—
ns
WE rise time
tr
—
30
ns
WE fall time
tf
—
30
ns
FWE
tenh
A18–A0
tens
tces
tceh
tnxtc
tnxtc
CE
OE
tf
twep
tr
tests
tspa
WE
tds
terase
tdh
I/O7
Erase end
decision signal
I/O6
I/O5–I/O0
Erase normal
end
decision signal
H'20
H'20
H'00
Figure 20.23 Auto-Erase Mode Timing Waveforms
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 721 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.11.6 Status Read Mode
1. Status read mode is provided to identify the kind of abnormal end. Use this mode when an
abnormal end occurs in auto-program mode or auto-erase mode.
2. The return code is retained until a command write other than a status read mode command
write is executed.
Table 20.18 AC Characteristics in Status Read Mode
Conditions: VCC = 5.0 V ±0.5 V, VSS = 0 V, Ta = 25°C ±5°C
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Read time after command write
tnxtc
20
—
µs
CE hold time
tceh
0
—
ns
CE setup time
tces
0
—
ns
Data hold time
tdh
50
—
ns
Data setup time
tds
50
—
ns
Write pulse width
twep
70
—
ns
OE output delay time
toe
—
150
ns
Disable delay time
tdf
—
100
ns
CE output delay time
tce
—
150
ns
WE rise time
tr
—
30
ns
WE fall time
tf
—
30
ns
A18–A0
tces
tceh
tnxtc tces
tceh
tnxtc
tnxtc
CE
tce
OE
twep
tf
tr
twep
tf
tr
toe
WE
tds
I/O7–I/O0
tdh
H'71
tds
tdh
H'71
Note: I/O2 and I/O3 are undefined.
Figure 20.24 Status Read Mode Timing Waveforms
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 722 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
tdf
Section 20 ROM
Table 20.19 Status Read Mode Return Commands
Pin Name I/O7
I/O6
I/O5
I/O4
I/O3
I/O2
I/O1
Attribute
Command
error
Programming error
Erase
error
—
—
ProgramEffective
ming or
address
erase count error
exceeded
Initial value 0
0
0
0
0
Indications Normal
end: 0
Command
error: 1
Normal
end
decision
ProgramErasing
—
ming
error: 1
Otherwise: 0 error: 1
Otherwise: 0
Otherwise: 0
Abnormal
end: 1
I/O0
0
0
—
Count
Effective
exceeded: 1 address
Otherwise: 0 error: 1
0
Otherwise: 0
Note: I/O2 and I/O3 are undefined.
20.11.7 Status Polling
1. The I/O7 status polling flag indicates the operating status in auto-program/auto-erase mode.
2. The I/O6 status polling flag indicates a normal or abnormal end in auto-program/auto-erase
mode.
Table 20.20 Status Polling Output Truth Table
Pin Name
During Internal
Operation
Abnormal End
—
Normal End
I/O7
0
1
0
1
I/O6
0
0
1
1
I/O0 to I/O5
0
0
0
0
20.11.8 Programmer Mode Transition Time
Commands cannot be accepted during the oscillation stabilization period or the programmer mode
setup period. After the programmer mode setup time, a transition is made to memory read mode.
Table 20.21 Stipulated Transition Times to Command Wait State
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Standby release (oscillation
stabilization time)
tosc1
30
—
ms
Programmer mode setup time
tbmv
10
—
ms
VCC hold time
tdwn
0
—
ms
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 723 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
tosc1
tbmv
Memory read
mode
Command
Auto-program mode
wait state
Auto-erase mode
Command wait state
Normal/abnormal
end decision
tdwn
VCC
RES
FWE
Note: When using other than the automatic write mode and automatic erase mode, drive the FWE
input pin low.
Figure 20.25 Oscillation Stabilization Time, Boot Program Transfer Time, and
Power-Down Sequence
20.11.9 Notes on Memory Programming
1. When programming addresses which have previously been programmed, carry out autoerasing before auto-programming.
2. When performing programming using programmer mode on a chip that has been
programmed/erased in an on-board programming mode, auto-erasing is recommended before
carrying out auto-programming.
Notes: 1. The flash memory is initially in the erased state when the device is shipped by Renesas
Technology. For other chips for which the erasure history is unknown, it is
recommended that auto-erasing be executed to check and supplement the initialization
(erase) level.
2. Auto-programming should be performed once only on the same address block.
Additional programming cannot be performed on previously programmed address
blocks.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 724 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.12
Flash Memory and Power-Down States
In addition to its normal operating state, the flash memory has power-down states in which power
consumption is reduced by halting part or all of the internal power supply circuitry.
There are three flash memory operating states:
(1) Normal operating mode: The flash memory can be read and written to.
(2) Power-down mode: Part of the power supply circuitry is halted, and the flash memory can be
read when the LSI is operating on the subclock.
(3) Standby mode: All flash memory circuits are halted, and the flash memory cannot be read or
written to.
States (2) and (3) are flash memory power-down states. Table 20.22 shows the correspondence
between the operating states of the LSI and the flash memory.
Table 20.22 Flash Memory Operating States
LSI Operating State
Flash Memory Operating State
High-speed mode
Normal mode (read/write)
Medium-speed mode
Sleep mode
Subactive mode
When PDWND = 0: Power-down mode (read-only)
Subsleep mode
When PDWND = 1: Normal mode (read-only)
Watch mode
Standby mode
Software standby mode
Hardware standby mode
20.12.1 Notes on Power-Down States
1. When the flash memory is in a power-down state, part or all of the internal power supply
circuitry is halted. Therefore, a power supply circuit stabilization period must be provided
when returning to normal operation. When the flash memory returns to its normal operating
state from a power-down state, bits STS2 to STS0 in SBYCR must be set to provide a wait
time of at least 20 µs (power supply stabilization time), even if an oscillation stabilization
period is not necessary.
2. In a power-down state, FLMCR1, FLMCR2, EBR1, EBR2, RAMER, and FLPWCR cannot be
read from or written to.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 725 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
20.13
Flash Memory Programming and Erasing Precautions
Precautions concerning the use of on-board programming mode, the RAM emulation function, and
programmer mode are summarized below.
1. Use the specified voltages and timing for programming and erasing.
Applied voltages in excess of the rating can permanently damage the device. Use a PROM
programmer that supports the Renesas Technology microcomputer device type with 128-kbyte
on-chip flash memory (FZTAT256V3A).
Do not select the HN27C4096 setting for the PROM programmer, and only use the specified
socket adapter. Failure to observe these points may result in damage to the device.
2. Powering on and off (see figures 20.26 to 20.28)
Do not apply a high level to the FWE pin until VCC has stabilized. Also, drive the FWE pin low
before turning off VCC.
When applying or disconnecting VCC power, fix the FWE pin low and place the flash memory
in the hardware protection state.
The power-on and power-off timing requirements should also be satisfied in the event of a
power failure and subsequent recovery.
3. FWE application/disconnection (see figures 20.26 to 20.28)
FWE application should be carried out when MCU operation is in a stable condition. If MCU
operation is not stable, fix the FWE pin low and set the protection state.
The following points must be observed concerning FWE application and disconnection to
prevent unintentional programming or erasing of flash memory:
• Apply FWE when the VCC voltage has stabilized within its rated voltage range.
Apply FWE when oscillation has stabilized (after the elapse of the oscillation settling
time).
• In boot mode, apply and disconnect FWE during a reset.
• In user program mode, FWE can be switched between high and low level regardless of a
reset state.
FWE input can also be switched during execution of a program in flash memory.
• Do not apply FWE if program runaway has occurred.
• Disconnect FWE only when the SWE, ESU, PSU, EV, PV, P, and E bits in FLMCR1 are
cleared.
Make sure that the SWE, ESU, PSU, EV, PV, P, and E bits are not set by mistake when
applying or disconnecting FWE.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 726 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
4. Do not apply a constant high level to the FWE pin.
Apply a high level to the FWE pin only when programming or erasing flash memory. A
system configuration in which a high level is constantly applied to the FWE pin should be
avoided. Also, while a high level is applied to the FWE pin, the watchdog timer should be
activated to prevent overprogramming or overerasing due to program runaway, etc.
5. Use the recommended algorithm when programming and erasing flash memory.
The recommended algorithm enables programming and erasing to be carried out without
subjecting the device to voltage stress or sacrificing program data reliability. When setting the
P or E bit in FLMCR1, the watchdog timer should be set beforehand as a precaution against
program runaway, etc.
6. Do not set or clear the SWE bit during execution of a program in flash memory.
Do not set or clear the SWE bit during execution of a program in flash memory. Wait for at
least 100 µs after clearing the SWE bit before executing a program or reading data in flash
memory. When the SWE bit is set, data in flash memory can be rewritten, but when SWE = 1,
flash memory can only be read in program-verify or erase-verify mode. Access flash memory
only for verify operations (verification during programming/erasing). Do not clear the SWE bit
during programming, erasing, or verifying.
Similarly, when using the RAM emulation function while a high level is being input to the
FWE pin, the SWE bit must be cleared before executing a program or reading data in flash
memory. However, the RAM area overlapping flash memory space can be read and written to
regardless of whether the SWE bit is set or cleared.
7. Do not use interrupts while flash memory is being programmed or erased.
All interrupt requests, including NMI, should be disabled during FWE application to give
priority to program/erase operations.
8. Do not perform additional programming. Erase the memory before reprogramming.
In on-board programming, perform only one programming operation on a 128-byte
programming unit block. In programmer mode, also, perform only one programming operation
on a 128-byte programming unit block. Further programming must only be executed after this
programming unit block has been erased.
9. Before programming, check that the chip is correctly mounted in the PROM
programmer.
Overcurrent damage to the device can result if the index marks on the PROM programmer
socket, socket adapter, and chip are not correctly aligned.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 727 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
10. Do not touch the socket adapter or chip during programming.
Touching either of these can cause contact faults and write errors.
Wait time:
x
Programming/
erasing
possible
Wait time:
100 µs
φ
Min 0 µs
tOSC1
VCC
tMDS*3
FWE
Min 0 µs
MD2 to MD0*1
tMDS*3
RES
SWE set
SWE cleared
SWE bit
Period during which flash memory access is prohibited
(x: Wait time after setting SWE bit)*2
Period during which flash memory can be programmed
(Execution of program in flash memory prohibited, and data reads other than verify operations
prohibited)
Notes: 1. Except when switching modes, the level of the mode pins (MD2 to MD0) must be fixed until poweroff by pulling the pins up or down.
2. See section 23.7, Flash Memory Characteristics.
3. Mode programming setup time tMDS (min) = 200 ns
Figure 20.26 Power-On/Off Timing (Boot Mode)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 728 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 20 ROM
Wait time:
x
Programming/
erasing
possible
Wait time:
100 µs
φ
Min 0 µs
tOSC1
VCC
FWE
MD2 to MD0*1
tMDS*3
RES
SWE set
SWE cleared
SWE bit
Period during which flash memory access is prohibited
(x: Wait time after setting SWE bit)*2
Period during which flash memory can be programmed
(Execution of program in flash memory prohibited, and data reads other than verify operations
prohibited)
Notes: 1. Except when switching modes, the level of the mode pins (MD2 to MD0) must be fixed until poweroff by pulling the pins up or down.
2. See section 23.7, Flash Memory Characteristics.
3. Mode programming setup time tMDS (min) = 200 ns
Figure 20.27 Power-On/Off Timing (User Program Mode)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 729 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Wait time: 100 µs
Programming/
erasing possible
Wait time: x
Wait time: x
Programming/
erasing possible
Wait time: 100 µs
Wait time: x
Programming/
erasing possible
Wait time: 100 µs
Wait time: 100 µs
Wait time: x
Programming/
erasing possible
Section 20 ROM
φ
tOSC1
VCC
Min 0µs
FWE
tMDS
tMDS*2
MD2 to MD0
tMDS
tRESW
RES
SWE
cleared
SWE set
SWE bit
Mode
change*1
Boot
mode
Mode
User
change*1 mode
User program mode
User
mode
User program
mode
Period during which flash memory access is prohibited
(x: Wait time after setting SWE bit)*3
Period during which flash memory can be programmed
(Execution of program in flash memory prohibited, and data reads other than verify operations prohibited)
Notes: 1. When entering boot mode or making a transition from boot mode to another mode, mode switching must be carried
out by means of RES input. The state of ports with multiplexed address functions and bus control output pins
(AS, RD, WR) will change during this switchover interval (the interval during which the RES pin input is low),
and therefore these pins should not be used as output signals during this time.
2. When making a transition from boot mode to another mode, a mode programming setup time, tMDS (min), of 200 ns
is necessary with respect to the RES clearance timing.
3. See section 23.7, Flash Memory Characteristics.
Figure 20.28 Mode Transition Timing
(Example: Boot Mode → User Mode ↔ User Program Mode)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 730 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
21.1
Overview
The H8S/2646 Group has a built-in clock pulse generator (CPG) that generates the system clock
(φ), the bus master clock, and internal clocks.
The clock pulse generator consists of an oscillator, PLL (phase-locked loop) circuit, clock
selection circuit, medium-speed clock divider, bus master clock selection circuit, subclock
oscillator, and waveform shaping circuit. The frequency can be changed by means of the PLL
circuit in the CPG. Frequency changes are performed by software by means of settings in the
system clock control register (SCKCR) and low-power control register (LPWRCR).
21.1.1
Block Diagram
Figure 21.1 shows a block diagram of the clock pulse generator.
LPWRCR
SCKCR
STC1, STC0
EXTAL
XTAL
System
clock
oscillator
SCK2 to SCK0
Mediumspeed
clock divider
PLL circuit
(×1, ×2, ×4)
Clock
selection
circuit
φSUB
OSC1
OSC2
Subclock
oscillator
Waveform
Generation
Circuit
φ/2 to
φ/32
Bus
master
clock
selection
circuit
φ
System clock
Internal clock to
to φ pin
supporting modules
Bus master clock
to CPU and DTC
WDT1 count clock
Legend:
LPWRCR: Low-power control register
SCKCR: System clock control register
Figure 21.1 Block Diagram of Clock Pulse Generator
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 731 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
21.1.2
Register Configuration
The clock pulse generator is controlled by SCKCR and LPWRCR. Table 21.1 shows the register
configuration.
Table 21.1 Clock Pulse Generator Register
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*
System clock control register
SCKCR
R/W
H'00
H'FDE6
Low-power control register
LPWRCR
R/W
H'00
H'FDEC
Note:* Lower 16 bits of the address.
21.2
Register Descriptions
21.2.1
System Clock Control Register (SCKCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PSTOP
—
—
—
STCS
SCK2
SCK1
SCK0
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value:
R/W
:
SCKCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs φ clock output control and mediumspeed mode control, selection of operation when the PLL circuit frequency multiplication factor is
changed, and medium-speed mode control.
SCKCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 7—φ Clock Output Disable (PSTOP): Controls φ output.
Description
High Speed Mode,
Bit 7
Medium Speed Mode, Sleep Mode,
PSTOP Subactive Mode
Subsleep Mode
Software Standby
Mode, Watch Mode,
and Direct Transition
Hardware
Standby Mode
0
φ output (initial value)
φ output
Fixed high
High impedance
1
Fixed high
Fixed high
Fixed high
High impedance
Bits 6 to 4—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 732 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
Bit 3—Frequency Multiplication Factor Switching Mode Select (STCS): Selects the operation
when the PLL circuit frequency multiplication factor is changed.
Bit 3
STCS
Description
0
Specified multiplication factor is valid after recovery from software standby mode,
watch mode, or subactive mode
(Initial value)
1
Specified multiplication factor is valid immediately after STC bits are rewritten
Bits 2 to 0—System Clock Select 2 to 0 (SCK2 to SCK0): These bits select the bus master
clock.
Bit 2
SCK2
Bit 1
SCK1
0
0
1
1
0
1
21.2.2
Bit 0
SCK0
Description
0
Bus master is in high-speed mode
1
Medium-speed clock is φ/2
0
Medium-speed clock is φ/4
1
Medium-speed clock is φ/8
0
Medium-speed clock is φ/16
1
Medium-speed clock is φ/32
—
—
(Initial value)
Low-Power Control Register (LPWRCR)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DTON
LSON
—
STC1
STC0
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Read/Write
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
NESEL SUBSTP RFCUT
LPWRCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs power-down mode control. The
following pertains to bits 1 and 0. For details of the other bits, see section 22.2.3, Low-Power
Control Register (LPWRCR). LPWRCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby
mode. It is not initialized in software standby mode.
Bits 1 and 0—Frequency Multiplication Factor (STC1, STC0): The STC bits specify the
frequency multiplication factor of the PLL circuit.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 733 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
Bit 1
STC1
Bit 0
STC0
Description
0
0
×1
1
×2
1
0
×4
1
Setting prohibited
(Initial value)
Note: Make this setting so that the clock frequency both before and after multiplication is within
the operating frequency range of the LSI.
Note: A system clock frequency multiplied by the multiplication factor (STC1 and STC0) should
not exceed the maximum operating frequency defined in section 23, Electrical
Characteristics.
21.3
Oscillator
A crystal oscillator is used to supply clock pulses.
In either case, the input clock should be from 4 MHz to 20 MHz.
21.3.1
Connecting a Crystal Resonator
Circuit Configuration: A crystal resonator can be connected as shown in the example in figure
21.2. Select the damping resistance Rd according to table 21.2. An AT-cut parallel-resonance
crystal should be used.
CL1
EXTAL
XTAL
Rd
CL2
CL1 = CL2 = 10 to 22pF
Note: CL1 and CL2 are reference values. The capacitance which is used must be decided
by the parasitic capacitance of the board and the results of crystal resonator
evaluation.
Figure 21.2 Connection of Crystal Resonator (Example)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 734 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
Table 21.2 Damping Resistance Value
Frequency (MHz)
4
8
12
16
20
Rd (Ω)
500
200
0
0
0
Crystal Resonator: Figure 21.3 shows the equivalent circuit of the crystal resonator. Use a crystal
resonator that has the characteristics shown in table 18.3. The crystal resonator frequency should
not exceed 20 MHz.
CL
L
Rs
XTAL
EXTAL
C0
AT-cut parallel-resonance type
Figure 21.3 Crystal Resonator Equivalent Circuit
Table 21.3 Crystal Resonator Parameters
Frequency (MHz)
4
8
12
16
20
RS max (Ω)
120
80
60
50
40
C0 max (pF)
7
7
7
7
7
Note on Board Design: When a crystal resonator is connected, the following points should be
noted:
Other signal lines should be routed away from the oscillator circuit to prevent induction from
interfering with correct oscillation. See figure 21.4.
When designing the board, place the crystal resonator and its load capacitors as close as possible
to the XTAL and EXTAL pins.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 735 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
Avoid
Signal A Signal B
H8S/2646 Group
CL2
XTAL
EXTAL
CL1
Figure 21.4 Example of Incorrect Board Design
External circuitry such as that shown below is recommended around the PLL.
R1: 3 kΩ
C1: 470 pF
PLLCAP
PLLVSS
VCC
CB: 0.1 µF*
VSS
(Values are preliminary recommended values.)
Note: * CB is laminated ceramic capacitors.
Figure 21.5 Points for Attention when Using PLL Oscillation Circuit
Place oscillation stabilization capacitor C1 and resistor R1 close to the PLLCAP pin, and ensure
that no other signal lines cross this line. Supply the C1 ground from PLLVSS.
Separate PLLVSS from the other VSS lines at the board power supply source, and be sure to insert
bypass capacitors CB close to the pins.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 736 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
21.4
PLL Circuit
The PLL circuit has the function of multiplying the frequency of the clock from the oscillator by a
factor of 1, 2, or 4. The multiplication factor is set with the STC bits in SCKCR. The phase of the
rising edge of the internal clock is controlled so as to match that at the EXTAL pin. The clock
frequency before and after multiplication must not exceed the maximum operating frequency
range of this LSI.
When the multiplication factor of the PLL circuit is changed, the operation varies according to the
setting of the STCS bit in SCKCR.
When STCS = 0 (initial value), the setting becomes valid after a transition to software standby
mode, watch mode, or subactive mode. The transition time count is performed in accordance with
the setting of bits STS2 to STS0 in SBYCR.
[1] The initial PLL circuit multiplication factor is 1.
[2] A value is set in bits STS2 to STS0 to give the specified transition time.
[3] The target value is set in STC1 and STC0, and a transition is made to software standby mode,
watch mode, or subactive mode.
[4] The clock pulse generator stops and the value set in STC1 and STC0 becomes valid.
[5] Software standby mode, watch mode, or subactive mode is cleared, and a transition time is
secured in accordance with the setting in STS2 to STS0.
[6] After the set transition time has elapsed, the LSI resumes operation using the target
multiplication factor.
If a PC break is set for the SLEEP instruction that causes a transition to software standby mode in
[1], software standby mode is entered and break exception handling is executed after the
oscillation stabilization time. In this case, the instruction following the SLEEP instruction is
executed after execution of the RTE instruction.
When STCS = 1, the LSI operates on the changed multiplication factor immediately after bits
STC1 and STC0 are rewritten.
21.5
Medium-Speed Clock Divider
The medium-speed clock divider divides the system clock to generate φ/2, φ/4, φ/8, φ/16, and
φ/32.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 737 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
21.6
Bus Master Clock Selection Circuit
The bus master clock selection circuit selects the system clock (φ) or one of the medium-speed
clocks (φ/2, φ/4, or φ/8, φ/16, and φ/32) to be supplied to the bus master, according to the settings
of the SCK2 to SCK0 bits in SCKCR.
21.7
Subclock Oscillator
Connecting 32.768kHz Quartz Oscillator: To supply a clock to the subclock divider, connect a
32.768kHz quartz oscillator, as shown in figure 21.6. See section 21.3.1, “Notes on Board Design”
for notes on connecting quartz oscillators.
C1
OSC1
C2
OSC2
C1=C2=15pF (typ)*
Note: * C1 and C2 are reference values that include the wiring capacity.
Figure 21.6 Example Connection of 32.768kHz Quartz Oscillator
Figure 21.7 shows the equivalence circuit for a 32.768kHz oscillator.
Ls
Cs
Rs
OSC1
OSC2
Co
Figure 21.7 Equivalence Circuit for 32.768kHz Oscillator
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 738 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
Handling pins when subclock not required: If no subclock is required, connect the OSC1 pin to
Vss and leave OSC2 open, as shown in figure 21.8.
OSC1
Open
OSC2
Figure 21.8 Pin Handling When Subclock Not Required
21.8
Subclock Waveform Generation Circuit
To eliminate noise from the subclock input to OSCI, the subclock is sampled using the dividing
clock φ. The sampling frequency is set using the NESEL bit of LPWRCR. For details, see section
22.2.3, Low-Power Control Register (LPWRCR).
No sampling is performed in subactive mode, subsleep mode, or watch mode.
21.9
Note on Crystal Resonator
Since various characteristics related to the crystal resonator are closely linked to the user’s board
design, thorough evaluation is necessary on the user’s part, using the resonator connection
examples shown in this section as a guide. As the resonator circuit ratings will depend on the
floating capacitance of the resonator and the mounting circuit, the ratings should be determined in
consultation with the resonator manufacturer. The design must ensure that a voltage exceeding the
maximum rating is not applied to the oscillator pin.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 739 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 21 Clock Pulse Generator
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 740 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.1
Overview
In addition to the normal program execution state, the H8S/2646 Group has nine power-down
modes in which operation of the CPU and oscillator is halted and power dissipation is reduced.
Low-power operation can be achieved by individually controlling the CPU, on-chip supporting
modules, and so on.
The H8S/2646 Group operating modes are as follows:
(1) High-speed mode
(2) Medium-speed mode
(3) Subactive mode
(4) Sleep mode
(5) Subsleep mode
(6) Watch mode
(7) Module stop mode
(8) Software standby mode
(9) Hardware standby mode
(2) to (9) are low power dissipation states. Sleep mode and subsleep mode are CPU states,
medium-speed mode is a CPU and bus master state, subactive mode is a CPU and bus master and
internal peripheral function state, and module stop mode is an internal peripheral function
(including bus masters other than the CPU) state. Some of these states can be combined.
After a reset, the LSI is in high-speed mode with modules other than the DTC in module stop
mode.
Table 22.1 shows the internal state of the LSI in the respective modes. Table 22.2 shows the
conditions for shifting between the low power dissipation modes.
Figure 22.1 is a mode transition diagram.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 741 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Table 22.1 LSI Internal States in Each Mode
Function
HighSpeed
System clock pulse
generator
Function- Function- Function- Function- Halted
ing
ing
ing
ing
Subclock pulse
generator
Function- Function- Function- Function- Function- Function- Function- Functioning
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
CPU
MediumSpeed
Sleep
Module
Stop
Watch
Subactive
Software
Subsleep Standby
Hardware
Standby
Halted
Halted
Halted
Halted
Instructions Function- Medium- Halted
High/
Halted
Subclock Halted
Halted
Registers ing
speed
(retained) medium- (retained) operation (retained) (retained)
operation
speed
operation
External NMI
Function- Function- Function- Function- Function- Function- Function- Functioninterrupts
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
IRQ0–IRQ5
Halted
Halted
(undefined)
Halted
Peripheral WDT1
functions
Function- Function- Function- 
ing
ing
ing
Subclock Subclock Subclock Halted
operation operation operation (retained)
Halted
(reset)
WDT0
Function- Function- Function- 
ing
ing
ing
Halted
Subclock Subcloc Halted
(retained) operation operation (retained)
Halted
(reset)
DTC
Function- Medium- Function- Halted
Halted
Halted
Halted
Halted
ing
speed
ing
(retained) (retained) (retained) (retained) (retained)
operation
Halted
(reset)
PBC
Function- Medium- Function- Halted
Halted
Subclock Halted
Halted
ing
speed
ing
(retained) (retained) operation (retained) (retained)
operation
Halted
(reset)
TPU
Function- Function- Function- Halted
Halted
Halted
Halted
Halted
ing
ing
ing
(retained) (retained) (retained) (retained) (retained)
Halted
(reset)
Function- Function- Function- Halted
ing
ing
ing
(reset)
Halted
(reset)
PPG
SCI0
SCI1
Halted
(reset)
Halted
(reset)
Halted
(reset)
Halted
(reset)
PWM
HCAN
A/D
LCD
Function- Function- Function- Halted
Function- Function- Function- Halted
ing
ing
ing
(retained) ing*
ing*
ing*
(retained)
Halted
(reset)
RAM
Function- Function- Function- Function- Retained Function- Retained Retained
ing
ing
ing (DTC) ing
ing
Retained
I/O
Function- Function- Function- Function- Retained Function- Retained Retained
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
High
impedance
Notes: “Halted (retained)” means that internal register values are retained. The internal state is
“operation suspended.”
“Halted (reset)” means that internal register values and internal states are initialized.
In module stop mode, only modules for which a stop setting has been made are halted
(reset or retained).
* When the LCD is operated in watch, subactive, or subsleep mode, select the subclock as
the clock to be used.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 742 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Program-halted state
STBY pin = Low
Hardware
standby mode
Reset state
STBY pin = High
RES pin = Low
Program execution state
RES pin = High
SSBY= 0, LSON= 0
Sleep mode
(main clock)
SLEEP instruction
High-speed mode
(main clock)
Any interrupt*3
SCK2 to
SCK0= 0
SCK2 to
SCK0 0
Medium-speed
mode
(main clock)
SLEEP
instruction
SLEEP instruction
SSBY = 1, PSS = 1
DTON = 1, LSON = 1
Clock switching
exception processing
SLEEP
instruction
Watch mode
(subclock)
SSBY= 0,
PSS= 1, LSON= 1
SLEEP instruction
Subsleep mode
(subclock)
Interrupt*2
: Transition after exception processing
Notes: 1.
2.
3.
4.
SSBY= 1,
PSS= 1, DTON= 0
SLEEP
instruction
Interrupt*1
LSON bit = 1
Subactive mode
(subclock)
Software
standby mode
External
interrupt*4
Interrupt*1
LSON bit = 0
SLEEP instruction
SSBY = 1, PSS = 1
DTON = 1, LSON = 0
After the oscillation
stabilization time
(STS2 to 0), clock
switching exception
processing
SSBY= 1,
PSS= 0, LSON= 0
: Low power dissipation mode
NMI, IRQ0 to IRQ5, and WDT1 interrupts
NMI, IRQ0 to IRQ5, IWDT0 interrupts, and WDT1 interrupt.
All interrupts
NMI and IRQ0 to IRQ5
• When a transition is made between modes by means of an interrupt, the transition cannot be made
on interrupt source generation alone. Ensure that interrupt handling is performed after accepting the
interrupt request.
• From any state except hardware standby mode, a transition to the reset state occurs when RES is
driven Low.
• From any state, a transition to hardware standby mode occurs when STBY is driven low.
• Always select high-speed mode before making a transition to watch mode or subactive mode.
Figure 22.1 Mode Transition Diagram
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 743 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Table 22.2 Low Power Dissipation Mode Transition Conditions
Pre-Transition
State
SSBY PSS
State After Transition
State After Transition Back from Low Power
Invoked by SLEEP
Mode Invoked by
Interrupt
LSON DTON Instruction
High-speed/
0
Medium-speed 0
*
0
*
Sleep
High-speed/Medium-speed
*
1
*
—
—
1
0
0
*
Software standby
High-speed/Medium-speed
1
0
1
*
—
—
1
1
0
0
Watch
High-speed
1
1
1
0
Watch
Subactive
1
1
0
1
—
—
1
1
1
1
Subactive
—
0
0
*
*
—
—
0
1
0
*
—
—
0
1
1
*
Subsleep
Subactive
1
0
*
*
—
—
1
1
0
0
Watch
High-speed
1
1
1
0
Watch
Subactive
1
1
0
1
High-speed
—
1
1
1
1
—
—
Status of Control Bit at
Transition
Subactive
* : Don’t care
—: Do not set
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 744 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.1.1
Register Configuration
Power-down modes are controlled by the SBYCR, SCKCR, LPWRCR, TCSR (WDT1), and
MSTPCR registers. Table 22.3 summarizes these registers.
Table 22.3 Power-Down Mode Registers
Name
Abbreviation
R/W
Initial Value
Address*1
Standby control register
SBYCR
R/W
H'58
H'FDE4
System clock control register
SCKCR
R/W
H'00
H'FDE6
Low-power control register
LPWRCR
R/W
H'00
H'FDEC
Timer control/status register (WDT1)
TCSR1
R/W
H'00
H'FFA2
Module stop control register A to D
MSTPCRA
R/W
H'3F
H'FDE8
MSTPCRB
R/W
H'FF
H'FDE9
MSTPCRC
R/W
H'FF
H'FDEA
MSTPCRD
R/W
B'11******
H'FC60
Note: 1. Lower 16 bits of the address.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 745 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.2
Register Descriptions
22.2.1
Standby Control Register (SBYCR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SSBY
STS2
STS1
STS0
OPE
—
—
—
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
—
—
—
SBYCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs power-down mode control.
SBYCR is initialized to H'58 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 7—Software Standby (SSBY): When making a low power dissipation mode transition by
executing the SLEEP instruction, the operating mode is determined in combination with other
control bits.
Note that the value of the SSBY bit does not change even when shifting between modes using
interrupts.
Bit 7
SSBY
0
Description
Shifts to sleep mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed
mode or medium-speed mode.
Shifts to subsleep mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed in subactive mode.
(Initial value)
1
Shifts to software standby mode, subactive mode, and watch mode when the SLEEP
instruction is executed in high-speed mode or medium-speed mode.
Shifts to watch mode or high-speed mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed in
subactive mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 746 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Bits 6 to 4—Standby Timer Select 2 to 0 (STS2 to STS0): These bits select the MCU wait time
for clock stabilization when shifting to high-speed mode or medium-speed mode by using a
specific interrupt or command to cancel software standby mode, watch mode, or subactive mode.
With a quartz oscillator (table 22.5), select a wait time of 8 ms (oscillation stabilization time) or
more, depending on the operating frequency. With an external clock, there are no specific wait
requirements.
Bit 6
STS2
Bit 5
STS1
Bit 4
STS0
Description
0
0
0
Standby time = 8192 states
1
Standby time = 16384 states
0
Standby time = 32768 states
1
Standby time = 65536 states
0
Standby time = 131072 states
1
Standby time = 262144 states
0
Reserved
1
Standby time = 16 states
1
1
0
1
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Output Port Enable (OPE): This bit specifies whether the output of the address bus and
bus control signals (AS, RD, HWR, LWR) is retained or set to high-impedance state in the
software standby mode, watch mode, and when making a direct transition.
Bit 3
OPE
Description
0
In software standby mode, watch mode, and when making a direct transition, address
bus and bus control signals are high-impedance.
1
In software standby mode, watch mode, and when making a direct transition, the
output state of the address bus and bus control signals is retained.
(Initial value)
Bits 2 to 0—Reserved: These bits always return 0 when read, and cannot be written to.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 747 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.2.2
Bit
System Clock Control Register (SCKCR)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PSTOP
—
—
—
STCS
SCK2
SCK1
SCK0
:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
—
—
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Initial value :
R/W
:
SCKCR is an 8-bit readable/writable register that performs φ clock output control and mediumspeed mode control.
SCKCR is initialized to H'00 by a reset and in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized in
software standby mode.
Bit 7—φ Clock Output Disable (PSTOP): In combination with the DDR of the applicable port,
this bit controls φ output. See section 22.12, φ Clock Output Disable Function, for details.
Description
Bit 7
PSTOP
High Speed Mode,
Medium Speed Mode,
Subactive Mode
Sleep Mode,
Subsleep Mode
Software Standby
Mode, Watch Mode,
Hardware
and Direct Transition Standby Mode
0
φ output (initial value)
φ output
Fixed high
High impedance
1
Fixed high
Fixed high
Fixed high
High impedance
Bits 6 to 4—Reserved: These bits are always read as 0 and cannot be modified.
Bit 3—Frequency Multiplication Factor Switching Mode Select (STCS): Selects the operation
when the PLL circuit frequency multiplication factor is changed.
Bit 3
STCS
Description
0
Specified multiplication factor is valid after transition to software standby mode, watch
mode, or subactive mode
(Initial value)
1
Specified multiplication factor is valid immediately after STC bits are rewritten
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 748 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Bits 2 to 0—System clock select (SCK2 to SCK0): These bits select the bus master clock in
high-speed mode, medium-speed mode, and subactive mode.
Set SCK2 to SCK0 all to 0 when shifting to operation in watch mode or subactive mode.
Bit 2
SCK2
Bit 1
SCK1
Bit 0
SCK0
Description
0
0
0
Bus master in high-speed mode
1
Medium-speed clock is φ/2
0
Medium-speed clock is φ/4
1
Medium-speed clock is φ/8
0
Medium-speed clock is φ/16
1
Medium-speed clock is φ/32
—
—
1
1
0
1
22.2.3
Bit
Low-Power Control Register (LPWRCR)
:
Initial value :
R/W
(Initial value)
:
7
6
DTON
LSON
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
STC1
STC0
0
0
0
0
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
NESEL SUBSTP RFCUT
The LPWRCR is an 8-bit read/write register that controls the low power dissipation modes.
The LPWRCR is initialized to H'00 at a reset and when in hardware standby mode. It is not
initialized in software standby mode. The following describes bits 7 to 2. For details of other bits,
see section 21.2.2, Low-Power Control Register (LPWRCR).
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 749 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Bit 7—Direct Transition ON Flag (DTON): When shifting to low power dissipation mode by
executing the SLEEP instruction, this bit specifies whether or not to make a direct transition
between high-speed mode or medium-speed mode and the subactive modes. The selected
operating mode after executing the SLEEP instruction is determined by the combination of other
control bits.
Bit 7
DTON
Description
0
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed mode or medium-speed
mode, operation shifts to sleep mode, software standby mode, or watch mode*.
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in subactive mode, operation shifts
to subsleep mode or watch mode.
(Initial value)
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed mode or medium-speed
mode, operation shifts directly to subactive mode*, or shifts to sleep mode or
software standby mode.
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in subactive mode, operation shifts directly
to high-speed mode, or shifts to subsleep mode.
1
Note: * Always set high-speed mode when shifting to watch mode or subactive mode.
Bit 6—Low-Speed ON Flag (LSON): When shifting to low power dissipation mode by executing
the SLEEP instruction, this bit specifies the operating mode, in combination with other control
bits. This bit also controls whether to shift to high-speed mode or subactive mode when watch
mode is cancelled.
Bit 6
LSON
Description
0
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed mode or medium-speed
mode, operation shifts to sleep mode, software standby mode, or watch mode*.
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in subactive mode, operation shifts to watch
mode or shifts directly to high-speed mode.
•
Operation shifts to high-speed mode when watch mode is cancelled. (Initial value)
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed mode, operation shifts to
watch mode or subactive mode.
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in subactive mode, operation shifts to
subsleep mode or watch mode.
•
Operation shifts to subactive mode when watch mode is cancelled.
1
Note: * Always set high-speed mode when shifting to watch mode or subactive mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 750 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Bit 5—Noise Elimination Sampling Frequency Select (NESEL): This bit selects the sampling
frequency of the subclock (φSUB) generated by the subclock oscillator is sampled by the clock (φ)
generated by the system clock oscillator. Set this bit to 0 when φ = 5 MHz or more. This setting is
disabled in subactive mode, subsleep mode, and watch mode.
Bit 5
NESEL
Description
0
Sampling using 1/32 ×φ
1
Sampling using 1/4 ×φ
(Initial value)
Bit 4—Subclock enable (SUBSTP): This bit enables/disables subclock generation.
Bit 4
SUBSTP Description
0
Enables subclock generation
1
Disables subclock generation
(Initial value)
Bit 3—Oscillation Circuit Feedback Resistance Control Bit (RFCUT): This bit turns the
internal feedback resistance of the main clock oscillation circuit ON/OFF.
Bit 3
RFCUT
Description
0
When the main clock is oscillating, sets the feedback resistance ON. When the main
clock is stopped, sets the feedback resistance OFF.
(Initial value)
1
Sets the feedback resistance OFF.
Bit 2—Reserved: Only write 0 to this bit.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 751 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.2.4
Timer Control/Status Register (TCSR)
Bit
:
Initial value :
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
OVF
WT/IT
TME
PSS
RST/NMI
CKS2
CKS1
CKS0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R/(W)*
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Note: * Only write 0 to clear the flag.
TCSR is an 8-bit read/write register that selects the clock input to WDT1 TCNT and the mode.
Here, we describe bit 4. For details of the other bits in this register, see section 12.2.2, Timer
Control/Status Register (TCSR).
The TCSR is initialized to H'00 at a reset and when in hardware standby mode. It is not initialized
in software standby mode.
Bit 4—Prescaler select (PSS): This bit selects the clock source input to WDT1 TCNT.
It also controls operation when shifting low power dissipation modes. The operating mode
selected after the SLEEP instruction is executed is determined in combination with other control
bits.
For details, see the description for clock selection in section 12.2.2, Timer Control/Status Register
(TCSR), and this section.
Bit 4
PSS
Description
0
•
TCNT counts the divided clock from the φ-based prescaler (PSM).
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed mode or medium-speed
mode, operation shifts to sleep mode or software standby mode.
(Initial value)
•
TCNT counts the divided clock from the φ-subclock-based prescaler (PSS).
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed mode or medium-speed
mode, operation shifts to sleep mode, watch mode*, or subactive mode*.
•
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in subactive mode, operation shifts to
subsleep mode, watch mode, or high-speed mode.
1
Note: * Always set high-speed mode when shifting to watch mode or subactive mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 752 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.2.5
Module Stop Control Register (MSTPCR)
MSTPCRA
Bit
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPA7 MSTPA6 MSTPA5 MSTPA4 MSTPA3 MSTPA2 MSTPA1 MSTPA0
Initial value :
R/W
:
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPCRB (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
Bit
:
7
6
MSTPB7 MSTPB6
Initial value :
R/W
:
5
—
MSTPB4 MSTPB3 MSTPB2 MSTPB1 MSTPB0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPCRB (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
Bit
:
7
6
5
MSTPB7 MSTPB6 MSTPB5 MSTPB4 MSTPB3 MSTPB2 MSTPB1 MSTPB0
Initial value :
R/W
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
:
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
:
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
MSTPC7
—
MSTPCRC
Bit
Initial value :
R/W
:
MSTPC5 MSTPC4 MSTPC3 MSTPC2 MSTPC1 MSTPC0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
7
6
MSTPCRD
Bit
:
MSTPD7 MSTPD6
Initial value :
R/W
:
1
1
R/W
R/W
5
4
3
2
1
0
—
—
—
—
—
—
Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined Undefined
—
—
—
—
—
—
MSTPCR, comprising four 8-bit readable/writable registers, performs module stop mode control.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 753 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
MSTPCRA to MSTPCRC are initialized to H'3FFFFF by a reset and in hardware standby mode.
MSTPCRD is initialized to B'11****** by a reset and in hardware standby mode. They are not
initialized in software standby mode.
Empty bits in these registers (bits with no corresponding module, see table 22.4, should always be
written with 1.
MSTPCRA Bits 7 to 0, MSTPCRB Bits 7 to 0, MSTPCRC Bits 7 and 5 to 0, MSTPCRD Bits
7 and 6—Module Stop (MSTPA7 to MSTPA0, MSTPB7, MSTPB6, and MSTPB4 to
MSTPB0, MSTPC7, and MSTPC5 to MSTPC0, MSTPD7, and MSTPD6): These bits specify
module stop mode. See table 22.4 for the method of selecting the on-chip peripheral functions.
MSTPA7 to MSTPA0,
MSTPB7, MSTPB6, and
MSTPB4 to MSTPB0
MSTPC7, and MSTPC5
to MSTPC0,
MSTPD7 and MSTPD6
Description (H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645)
0
Module stop mode is cleared (initial value of MSTPA7 and MSTPA6)
1
Module stop mode is set (initial value of MSTPA5 to 0, MSTPB7 to 0,
MSTPC7 to 0, and MSTPD7 and 6)
MSTPA7 to MSTPA0,
MSTPB7 to MSTPB0
MSTPC7, and MSTPC5
to MSTPC0,
MSTPD7 and MSTPD6
Description (H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
0
Module stop mode is cleared (initial value of MSTPA7 and MSTPA6)
1
Module stop mode is set (initial value of MSTPA5 to 0, MSTPB7 to 0,
MSTPC7 to 0, and MSTPD7 and 6)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 754 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.3
Medium-Speed Mode
In high-speed mode, when the SCK2 to SCK0 bits in SCKCR are set to 1, the operating mode
changes to medium-speed mode as soon as the current bus cycle ends. In medium-speed mode, the
CPU operates on the operating clock (φ/2, φ/4, φ/8, φ/16, or φ/32) specified by the SCK2 to SCK0
bits. The bus masters other than the CPU (DTC) also operate in medium-speed mode. On-chip
supporting modules other than the bus masters always operate on the high-speed clock (φ).
In medium-speed mode, a bus access is executed in the specified number of states with respect to
the bus master operating clock. For example, if φ/4 is selected as the operating clock, on-chip
memory is accessed in 4 states, and internal I/O registers in 8 states.
Medium-speed mode is cleared by clearing all of bits SCK2 to SCK0 to 0. A transition is made to
high-speed mode and medium-speed mode is cleared at the end of the current bus cycle.
If a SLEEP instruction is executed when the SSBY bit in SBYCR is cleared to 0, and LSON bit in
LPWRCR is cleared to 0, a transition is made to sleep mode. When sleep mode is cleared by an
interrupt, medium-speed mode is restored.
When the SLEEP instruction is executed with the SSBY bit = 1, LPWRCR LSON bit = 0, and
TCSR (WDT1) PSS bit = 0, operation shifts to the software standby mode. When software
standby mode is cleared by an external interrupt, medium-speed mode is restored.
When the RES pin is set low and medium-speed mode is cancelled, operation shifts to the reset
state. The same applies in the case of a reset caused by overflow of the watchdog timer.
When the STBY pin is driven low, a transition is made to hardware standby mode.
Figure 22.2 shows the timing for transition to and clearance of medium-speed mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 755 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Medium-speed mode
φ,
supporting module clock
Bus master clock
Internal address bus
SBYCR
SBYCR
Internal write signal
Figure 22.2 Medium-Speed Mode Transition and Clearance Timing
22.4
Sleep Mode
22.4.1
Sleep Mode
When the SLEEP instruction is executed when the SBYCR SSBY bit = 0 and the LPWRCR
LSON bit = 0, the CPU enters the sleep mode. In sleep mode, CPU operation stops but the
contents of the CPU’s internal registers are retained. Other supporting modules do not stop.
22.4.2
Exiting Sleep Mode
Sleep mode is exited by any interrupt, or signals at the RES, or STBY pins.
Exiting Sleep Mode by Interrupts: When an interrupt occurs, sleep mode is exited and interrupt
exception processing starts. Sleep mode is not exited if the interrupt is disabled, or interrupts other
than NMI are masked by the CPU.
Exiting Sleep Mode by RES pin: Setting the RES pin level Low selects the reset state. After the
stipulated reset input duration, driving the RES pin High starts the CPU performing reset
exception processing.
Exiting Sleep Mode by STBY Pin: When the STBY pin level is driven Low, a transition is made
to hardware standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 756 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.5
Module Stop Mode
22.5.1
Module Stop Mode
Module stop mode can be set for individual on-chip supporting modules.
When the corresponding MSTP bit in MSTPCR is set to 1, module operation stops at the end of
the bus cycle and a transition is made to module stop mode. The CPU continues operating
independently.
Table 22.4 shows MSTP bits and the corresponding on-chip supporting modules.
When the corresponding MSTP bit is cleared to 0, module stop mode is cleared and the module
starts operating at the end of the bus cycle. In module stop mode, the internal states of modules
other than the SCI, Motor control PWM, A/D converter and HCAN are retained.
After reset clearance, all modules other than DTC are in module stop mode.
When an on-chip supporting module is in module stop mode, read/write access to its registers is
disabled.
Table 22.4 MSTP Bits and Corresponding On-Chip Supporting Modules
Register
Bit
Module
MSTPCRA
MSTPA6
Data transfer controller (DTC)
MSTPA5
16-bit timer pulse unit (TPU)
MSTPA3
Programmable pulse generator (PPG)
MSTPA1
A/D converter
MSTPB7
Serial communication interface 0 (SCI0)
MSTPB6
Serial communication interface 1 (SCI1)
MSTPB5
Serial communication interface 2 (SCI2)
(H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647)
MSTPC4
PC break controller (PBC)
MSTPC3
Controller area network (HCAN)
MSTPD7
MSTPD6
Motor control PWM (PWM)
LCD controller/driver
MSTPCRB
MSTPCRC
MSTPCRD
Note: Unlisted bits of the registers are reserved.
The write value must always be 1.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 757 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.5.2
Usage Notes
DTC Module Stop: Depending on the operating status of the DTC, the MSTPA7 and MSTPA6
bits may not be set to 1. Setting of the DTC module stop mode should be carried out only when
the respective module is not activated.
For details, refer to section 8, Data Transfer Controller (DTC).
On-Chip Supporting Module Interrupt: Relevant interrupt operations cannot be performed in
module stop mode. Consequently, if module stop mode is entered when an interrupt has been
requested, it will not be possible to clear the CPU interrupt source or the DTC activation source.
Interrupts should therefore be disabled before entering module stop mode.
Writing to MSTPCR: MSTPCR should only be written to by the CPU.
Restrictions on Use in Medium-speed Mode: In medium-speed mode, registers of the HCAN,
LCD controller, and motor control PWM timer musts not be written to.
22.6
Software Standby Mode
22.6.1
Software Standby Mode
A transition is made to software standby mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed when the
SBYCR SSBY bit = 1 and the LPWRCR LSON bit = 0, and the TCSR (WDT1) PSS bit = 0. In
this mode, the CPU, on-chip supporting modules, and oscillator all stop. However, the contents of
the CPU’s internal registers, RAM data, and the states of on-chip supporting modules other than
the SCI, A/D converter, Motor control PWM, HCAN, and I/O ports, are retained. Whether the
address bus and bus control signals are placed in the high-impedance state.
In this mode the oscillator stops, and therefore power dissipation is significantly reduced.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 758 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.6.2
Clearing Software Standby Mode
Software standby mode is cleared by an external interrupt (NMI pin, or pins IRQ0 to IRQ5), or by
means of the RES pin or STBY pin.
• Clearing with an interrupt
When an NMI or IRQ0 to IRQ5 interrupt request signal is input, clock oscillation starts, and
after the elapse of the time set in bits STS2 to STS0 in SYSCR, stable clocks are supplied to
the entire H8S/2646 Group chip, software standby mode is cleared, and interrupt exception
handling is started.
When clearing software standby mode with an IRQ0 to IRQ5 interrupt, set the corresponding
enable bit to 1 and ensure that no interrupt with a higher priority than interrupts IRQ0 to IRQ5
is generated. Software standby mode cannot be cleared if the interrupt has been masked on the
CPU side or has been designated as a DTC activation source.
• Clearing with the RES pin
When the RES pin is driven low, clock oscillation is started. At the same time as clock
oscillation starts, clocks are supplied to the entire H8S/2646 Group chip. Note that the RES
pin must be held low until clock oscillation stabilizes. When the RES pin goes high, the CPU
begins reset exception handling.
• Clearing with the STBY pin
When the STBY pin is driven low, a transition is made to hardware standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 759 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.6.3
Setting Oscillation Stabilization Time after Clearing Software Standby Mode
Bits STS2 to STS0 in SBYCR should be set as described below.
Using a Crystal Oscillator: Set bits STS2 to STS0 so that the standby time is at least 8 ms (the
oscillation stabilization time).
Table 22.5 shows the standby times for different operating frequencies and settings of bits STS2 to
STS0.
Table 22.5 Oscillation Stabilization Time Settings
STS2
STS1
STS0
Standby Time
20
16
12
10
8
6
4
MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz Unit
0
0
0
8192 states
0.41 0.51 0.65 0.8
1
16384 states
0.82 1.0
1.3
1
0
32768 states
1.6
2.0
2.7
1
65536 states
3.3
4.1
5.5
6.6
0
131072 states
6.6
1
262144 states
13.1 16.4 21.8 26.2 32.8 43.6 65.6
0
Reserved
16 states*
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.0
1.7
4.0
1
0
1
1
8.2
1.0
1.3
2.0
1.6
2.0
2.7
4.1
3.3
4.1
5.5
8.2
ms
8.2
10.9 16.4
10.9 13.1 16.4 21.8 32.8
µs
: Recommended time setting
Note: * Do not use this setting.
Using an External Clock: The PLL circuit requires a time for stabilization. Insert a wait of 2 ms
min.
22.6.4
Software Standby Mode Application Example
Figure 22.3 shows an example in which a transition is made to software standby mode at the
falling edge on the NMI pin, and software standby mode is cleared at the rising edge on the NMI
pin.
In this example, an NMI interrupt is accepted with the NMIEG bit in SYSCR cleared to 0 (falling
edge specification), then the NMIEG bit is set to 1 (rising edge specification), the SSBY bit is set
to 1, and a SLEEP instruction is executed, causing a transition to software standby mode.
Software standby mode is then cleared at the rising edge on the NMI pin.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 760 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
Oscillator
φ
NMI
NMIEG
SSBY
NMI exception
Software standby mode
handling
(power-down mode)
NMIEG=1
SSBY=1
SLEEP instruction
Oscillation
stabilization
time tOSC2
NMI exception
handling
Figure 22.3 Software Standby Mode Application Example
22.6.5
Usage Notes
I/O Port Status: In software standby mode, I/O port states are retained. If the OPE bit is set to 1,
the address bus and bus control signal output is also retained. Therefore, there is no reduction in
current dissipation for the output current when a high-level signal is output.
Current Dissipation during Oscillation Stabilization Wait Period: Current dissipation
increases during the oscillation stabilization wait period.
Write Data Buffer Function: The write data buffer function and software standby mode cannot
be used at the same time. When the write data buffer function is used, the WDBE bit in BCRL
should be cleared to 0 to cancel the write data buffer function before entering software standby
mode. Also check that external writes have finished, by reading external addresses, etc., before
executing a SLEEP instruction to enter software standby mode. See section 7.7, Write Data Buffer
Function, for details of the write data buffer function.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 761 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.7
Hardware Standby Mode
22.7.1
Hardware Standby Mode
When the STBY pin is driven low, a transition is made to hardware standby mode from any mode.
In hardware standby mode, all functions enter the reset state and stop operation, resulting in a
significant reduction in power dissipation. As long as the prescribed voltage is supplied, on-chip
RAM data is retained. I/O ports are set to the high-impedance state.
In order to retain on-chip RAM data, the RAME bit in SYSCR should be cleared to 0 before
driving the STBY pin low.
Do not change the state of the mode pins (MD2 to MD0) while the H8S/2646 Group is in
hardware standby mode.
Hardware standby mode is cleared by means of the STBY pin and the RES pin. When the STBY
pin is driven high while the RES pin is low, the reset state is set and clock oscillation is started.
Ensure that the RES pin is held low until the clock oscillator stabilizes (at least 8 ms—the
oscillation stabilization time—when using a crystal oscillator). When the RES pin is subsequently
driven high, a transition is made to the program execution state via the reset exception handling
state.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 762 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.7.2
Hardware Standby Mode Timing
Figure 22.4 shows an example of hardware standby mode timing.
When the STBY pin is driven low after the RES pin has been driven low, a transition is made to
hardware standby mode. Hardware standby mode is cleared by driving the STBY pin high,
waiting for the oscillation stabilization time, then changing the RES pin from low to high.
Oscillator
RES
STBY
Oscillation
stabilization
time
Reset
exception
handling
Figure 22.4 Hardware Standby Mode Timing
22.8
Watch Mode
22.8.1
Watch Mode
CPU operation makes a transition to watch mode when the SLEEP instruction is executed in highspeed mode or subactive mode with SBYCR SSBY=1, LPWRCR DTON = 0, and TCSR (WDT1)
PSS = 1.
In watch mode, the CPU is stopped and supporting modules other than WDT1 are also stopped.
The contents of the CPU is internal registers, the data in internal RAM, and the statuses of the
internal supporting modules (excluding the SCI, ADC, HCAN, and Motor control PWM) and I/O
ports are retained.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 763 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.8.2
Exiting Watch Mode
Watch mode is exited by any interrupt (WOVI interrupt, NMI pin, or IRQ0 to IRQ5), or signals at
the RES, or STBY pins.
Exiting Watch Mode by Interrupts: When an interrupt occurs, watch mode is exited and a
transition is made to high-speed mode or medium-speed mode when the LPWRCR LSON bit = 0
or to subactive mode when the LSON bit = 1. When a transition is made to high-speed mode, a
stable clock is supplied to all LSI circuits and interrupt exception processing starts after the time
set in SBYCR STS2 to STS0 has elapsed. In the case of IRQ0 to IRQ5 interrupts, no transition is
made from watch mode if the corresponding enable bit has been cleared to 0, and, in the case of
interrupts from the internal supporting modules, the interrupt enable register has been set to
disable the reception of that interrupt, or is masked by the CPU.
See section 22.6.3, Setting Oscillation Stabilization Time after Clearing Software Standby Mode,
for how to set the oscillation stabilization time when making a transition from watch mode to
high-speed mode.
Exiting Watch Mode by RES pins: For exiting watch mode by the RES pins, see, Clearing with
the RES pins in section 22.6.2, Clearing Software Standby Mode.
Exiting Watch Mode by STBY pin: When the STBY pin level is driven Low, a transition is
made to hardware standby mode.
22.8.3
Notes
I/O Port Status: The status of the I/O ports is retained in watch mode. Also, when the OPE bit is
set to 1, the address bus and bus control signals continue to be output. Therefore, when a High
level is output, the current consumption is not diminished by the amount of current to support the
High level output.
Current Consumption when Waiting for Oscillation Stabilization: The current consumption
increases during stabilization of oscillation.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 764 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.9
Subsleep Mode
22.9.1
Subsleep Mode
When the SLEEP instruction is executed with the SBYCR SSBY bit = 0, LPWRCR LSON bit = 1,
and TCSR (WDT1) PSS bit = 1, CPU operation shifts to subsleep mode.
In subsleep mode, the CPU is stopped. Supporting modules other than WDT0, and WDT1 are also
stopped. The contents of the CPU’s internal registers, the data in internal RAM, and the statuses of
the internal supporting modules (excluding the SCI, ADC, HCAN, and Motor control PWM) and
I/O ports are retained.
22.9.2
Exiting Subsleep Mode
Subsleep mode is exited by an interrupt (interrupts from internal supporting modules, NMI pin, or
IRQ0 to IRQ5), or signals at the RES or STBY pins.
Exiting Subsleep Mode by Interrupts: When an interrupt occurs, subsleep mode is exited and
interrupt exception processing starts.
In the case of IRQ0 to IRQ5 interrupts, subsleep mode is not cancelled if the corresponding
enable bit has been cleared to 0, and, in the case of interrupts from the internal supporting
modules, the interrupt enable register has been set to disable the reception of that interrupt, or is
masked by the CPU.
Exiting Subsleep Mode by RES:
RES For exiting subsleep mode by the RES pins, see, Clearing with
the RES pins in section 22.6.2, Clearing Software Standby Mode.
Exiting Subsleep Mode by STBY Pin: When the STBY pin level is driven Low, a transition is
made to hardware standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 765 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.10
Subactive Mode
22.10.1 Subactive Mode
When the SLEEP instruction is executed in high-speed mode with the SBYCR SSBY bit = 1,
LPWRCR DTON bit = 1, LSON bit = 1, and TCSR (WDT1) PSS bit = 1, CPU operation shifts to
subactive mode. When an interrupt occurs in watch mode, and if the LSON bit of LPWRCR is 1, a
transition is made to subactive mode. And if an interrupt occurs in subsleep mode, a transition is
made to subactive mode.
In subactive mode, the CPU operates at low speed on the subclock, and the program is executed
step by step. Supporting modules other than WDT0, and WDT1 are also stopped.
When operating the CPU in subactive mode, the SCKCR SCK2 to SCK0 bits must be set to 0.
22.10.2 Exiting Subactive Mode
Subactive mode is exited by the SLEEP instruction or the RES or STBY pins.
Exiting Subactive Mode by SLEEP Instruction: When the SLEEP instruction is executed with
the SBYCR SSBY bit = 1, LPWRCR DTON bit = 0, and TCSR (WDT1) PSS bit = 1, the CPU
exits subactive mode and a transition is made to watch mode. When the SLEEP instruction is
executed with the SBYCR SSBY bit = 0, LPWRCR LSON bit = 1, and TCSR (WDT1) PSS bit =
1, a transition is made to subsleep mode. Finally, when the SLEEP instruction is executed with the
SBYCR SSBY bit = 1, LPWRCR DTON bit = 1, LSON bit = 0, and TCSR (WDT1) PSS bit = 1, a
direct transition is made to high-speed mode (SCK0 to SCK2 all 0).
See section 22.11, Direct Transitions, for details of direct transitions.
Exiting Subactive Mode by RES Pins: For exiting subactive mode by the RES pins, see,
Claering with the RES pins in section 22.6.2, Clearing Software Standby Mode.
Exiting Subactive Mode by STBY Pin: When the STBY pin level is driven Low, a transition is
made to hardware standby mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 766 of 1136
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Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.11
Direct Transitions
22.11.1 Overview of Direct Transitions
There are three modes, high-speed, medium-speed, and subactive, in which the CPU executes
programs. When a direct transition is made, there is no interruption of program execution when
shifting between high-speed and subactive modes. Direct transitions are enabled by setting the
LPWRCR DTON bit to 1, then executing the SLEEP instruction. After a transition, direct
transition interrupt exception processing starts.
Direct Transitions from High-Speed Mode to Subactive Mode: Execute the SLEEP instruction
in high-speed mode when the SBYCR SSBY bit = 1, LPWRCR LSON bit = 1, and DTON bit = 1,
and TSCR (WDT1) PSS bit = 1 to make a transition to subactive mode.
Direct Transitions from Subactive Mode to High-Speed Mode: Execute the SLEEP instruction
in subactive mode when the SBYCR SSBY bit = 1, LPWRCR LSON bit = 0, and DTON bit = 1,
and TSCR (WDT1) PSS bit = 1 to make a direct transition to high-speed mode after the time set in
SBYCR STS2 to STS0 has elapsed.
22.12
φ Clock Output Disabling Function
Output of the φ clock can be controlled by means of the PSTOP bit in SCKCR, and DDR for the
corresponding port. When the PSTOP bit is set to 1, the φ clock stops at the end of the bus cycle,
and φ output goes high. φ clock output is enabled when the PSTOP bit is cleared to 0. When DDR
for the corresponding port is cleared to 0, φ clock output is disabled and input port mode is set.
Table 22.6 shows the state of the φ pin in each processing state.
Table 22.6 φ Pin State in Each Processing State
DDR
0
1
1
PSTOP
—
0
1
Hardware standby mode
High impedance
High impedance
High impedance
Software standby mode, watch
mode, and direct transition
High impedance
Fixed high
Fixed high
Sleep mode and subsleep mode
High impedance
φ output
Fixed high
High-speed mode, medium-speed
mode
High impedance
φ output
Fixed high
Subactive mode
High impedance
φSUB output
Fixed high
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 767 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 22 Power-Down Modes
22.13
Usage Notes
1. When making a transition to subactive mode or watch mode, set the DTC to enter module stop
mode (write 1 to the relevant bits in MSTPCR), and then read the relevant bits to confirm that
they are set to 1 before mode transition. Do not clear module stop mode (write 0 to the relevant
bits in MSTPCR) until a transition from subactive mode to high-speed mode or medium-speed
mode has been performed.
If a DTC activation source occurs in subactive mode, the DTC will be activated only after
module stop mode has been cleared and high-speed mode or medium-speed mode has been
entered.
2. The on-chip peripheral modules (DTC and TPU) which halt operation in subactive mode
cannot clear an interrupt in subactive mode. Therefore, if a transition is made to subactive
mode while an interrupt is requested, the CPU interrupt source cannot be cleared. Disable the
interrupts of each on-chip peripheral module before executing a SLEEP instruction to enter
subactive mode or watch mode.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 768 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.1
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 23.1 lists the absolute maximum ratings.
Table 23.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Item
Symbol
Value
Unit
Power supply voltage
VCC
–0.3 to +7.0
V
PMWVCC
LPVCC
Input voltage (OSC1, OSC2)
Vin
–0.3 +3.5
V
lnput voltage (XTAL, EXTAL)
Vin
–0.3 to VCC +0.3
V
Input voltage (ports 4 and 9)
Vin
–0.3 to AVCC +0.3
V
Input voltage (ports A to E, ports
PF2, PF4 to PF6)
Vin
–0.3 to LPVCC +0.3
V
Input voltage (ports H and J)
Vin
–0.3 to PWMVCC +0.3
V
Input voltage (except ports 4, 9, A
to E, ports PF2, PF4 to PF6, H and
J)
Vin
–0.3 to VCC +0.3
V
Reference voltage
Vref
–0.3 to AVCC +0.3
V
Analog power supply voltage
AVCC
–0.3 to +7.0
V
Analog input voltage
VAN
–0.3 to AVCC +0.3
V
Operating temperature
Topr
Regular specifications: –20 to +75
°C
Wide-range specifications: –40 to +85
°C
–55 to +125
°C
Storage temperature
Tstg
Caution: Permanent damage to the chip may result if absolute maximum rating are exceeded.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 769 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.2
Power Supply Voltage and Operating Frequency Range
Power supply voltage and operating frequency ranges (shaded areas) are shown in figure 23.1.
Operating range in high-speed, medium-speed,
and sleep modes
24
Frequency (MHz)
20
16
12
8
4
0
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Power supply voltage (V)
Operating range in watch, subactive,
and subsleep modes
Frequency (kHz)
32.768
0
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Power supply voltage (V)
Figure 23.1 Power Supply Voltage and Operating Ranges
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 770 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.3
DC Characteristics
Table 23.2 lists the DC characteristics. Table 23.3 lists the permissible output currents.
Table 23.2 DC Characteristics
Conditions: VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, LPVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20°C to +75°C
(regular specifications), Ta = –40°C to +85°C (wide-range specifications)*1
Item
Symbol
Schmitt
trigger input
voltage
IRQ0 to IRQ5
Input high
voltage
RES, STBY,
NMI, FWE,
MD2 to MD0
Input low
voltage
–
Min
Typ
Max
Unit Test Conditions
V
1.0
—
—
VT+
—
—
VCC × 0.7
VT+ – VT–
0.4
—
—
VIH
VCC – 0.7
—
VCC + 0.3
EXTAL
VCC × 0.7
—
VCC + 0.3
Ports 1 to 3, 5,
H, J, K
Ports PF0,
PF3, PF7
2.2
—
VCC + 0.3
VT
HRxD
2.2
—
VCC + 0.3
Ports A to E,
Ports PF2, PF4
to PF6
2.2
—
LPVCC + 0.3
Ports 4, 9
AVCC × 0.7
—
AVCC + 0.3
–0.3
—
0.5
EXTAL
–0.3
—
0.8
Ports 1 to 3, 5,
A to F, H, J, K
–0.3
—
0.8
HRxD
–0.3
—
VCC + 0.2
RES, STBY,
NMI, FWE,
MD2 to MD0
VIL
V
V
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 771 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
Item
Output high
voltage
Output low
voltage
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit Test Conditions
Ports 1 to 3, 5, VOH
H, J, K
Ports PF0,
PF3, PF7,
HTxD
VCC – 0.5
—
—
V
Ports A to E
Ports PF2, PF4
to PF6
LPVCC – 0.5 —
—
IOH = –200 µA
Ports 1 to 3, 5,
H, J, K
Ports PF0,
PF3, PF7,
HTxD
3.5
—
—
IOH = –1 mA
Ports A to E
Ports PF2, PF4
to PF6
3.5
—
—
IOH = –1 mA
PWM1A to 1H,
PWM2A to 2H
PWMVCC
– 0.5
—
—
IOH = –15 mA
All output pins VOL
except PWM1A
to PWM1H and
PWM2A to
PWM2H
—
—
0.4
V
IOL = 1.6 mA
PWM1A to 1H,
PWM2A to 2H
—
—
0.5
V
IOL = 15 mA
—
—
1.0
µA
—
—
1.0
Vin =
0.5 to VCC – 0.5
HRxD, FWE
—
—
1.0
Ports 4, 9
—
—
1.0
Ports 1 to 3, 5, ITSI
H, J, K
Ports PF0,
PF3, PF7,
HTxD
—
—
1.0
Ports A to E,
PF2, PF4 to
PF6
—
—
1.0
Input leakage RES
current
STBY, NMI,
MD2 to MD0
Three-state
leakage
current
(off state)
| Iin |
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 772 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
IOH = –200 µA
Vin = 0.5 to
AVCC – 0.5
µA
Vin =
0.5 to VCC – 0.5
Vin =
0.5 to LPVCC – 0.5
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
Item
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit Test Conditions
MOS input
Ports A to E
pull-up current
–IP
50
—
300
µA
Vin = 0 V
Cin
—
—
30
pF
NMI
—
—
30
All input pins
except RES
and NMI
—
—
15
Vin = 0 V,
f = 1 MHz,
Ta = 25°C
—
60
80
mA
f = 20 MHz
Sleep mode
—
50
65
mA
f = 20 MHz
All modules
stopped
—
40
—
mA
f = 20 MHz
(reference
values)
Medium-speed
mode (φ/32)
—
40
—
mA
f = 20 MHz
(reference
values)
Subactive
mode
—
130
220
µA
Using 32.768 kHz
crystal resonator
Subsleep mode
—
95
160
µA
Using 32.768 kHz
crystal resonator
Watch mode
—
15
60
µA
Using 32.768 kHz
crystal resonator
Standby
3
mode*
—
2.0
10
µA
Ta ≤ 50°C
—
—
80
—
10
20
mA
—
0.1
10
µA
—
—
80
—
1.0
2.0
mA
—
—
5.0
µA
—
2.5
4.0
mA
Input
capacitance
Current
dissipation*2
LCD power
supply port
power supply
current
RES
Normal
operation
During
operation
ICC*4
LPlCC
Standby
3
mode*
Analog
During A/D
power supply conversion
current
Idle
AlCC
Reference
current
AlCC
During A/D
conversion
Idle
RAM standby voltage
VRAM
50°C < Ta
Ta ≤ 50°C
50°C < Ta
—
—
5.0
µA
2.0
—
—
V
AVCC = 5.0 V
AVref = 5.0 V
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 773 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
Notes: 1. If the A/D converter is not used, do not leave the AVCC, Vref, and AVSS pins open. Apply a
voltage between 4.5 V and 5.5 V to the AVCC and Vref pins by connecting them to VCC, for
instance. Set Vref ≤ AVCC.
2. Current dissipation values are for VIH min = VCC – 0.5 V, VIL max = 0.5 V with all output
pins unloaded and the on-chip pull-up resistors in the off state.
3. The values are for VRAM ≤ LPVCC < 3.0 V, VIH min = VCC × 0.9, and VIL max = 0.3 V.
4. ICC depends on VCC and f as follows:
ICCmax = 0.18 (mA/(MHz × V)) × VCC × f + 2.87 (mA/MHz) × f + 0.52 (mA/V) × VCC +
0.8 (mA) (at normal operation)
ICCmax = 0.17 (mA/(MHz × V)) × VCC × f + 2.13 (mA/MHz) × f + 0.75 (mA/V) × VCC +
0.3 (mA) (at sleep)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 774 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
Table 23.3 Permissible Output Currents
Conditions: VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, LPVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20°C to +75°C
(regular specifications) , Ta = –40°C to +85°C (wide-range specifications)*
Test
condition
Item
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Permissible output All output pins except
low current (per pin) PWM1A to PWM1H,
PWM2A to PWM2H
IOL
—
—
10
mA
IOL
—
—
25
mA
Ta = 75°C to
85°C
—
—
30
mA
Ta = 25°C
—
—
40
mA
Ta =-40°C
PWM1A to PWM1H,
PWM2A to PWM2H
Permissible output
low current (total)
Total of all output pins
except PWM1A to
PWM1H, PWM2A to
PWM2H
∑ IOL
—
—
80
mA
Total of PWM1A to
PWM1H, PWM2A to
PWM2H
∑ IOL
—
—
150
mA
Ta = 75°C to
85°C
—
—
180
mA
Ta = 25°C
—
—
220
mA
Ta =-40°C
–IOH
—
—
2.0
mA
–IOH
—
—
25
mA
Ta = 75°C to
85°C
—
—
30
mA
Ta = 25°C
Ta =-40°C
Permissible output All output pins except
high current (per pin) PWM1A to PWM1H,
PWM2A to PWM2H
PWM1A to PWM1H,
PWM2A to PWM2H
Permissible output
high current (total)
—
—
40
mA
Total of all output pins
except PWM1A to
PWM1H, PWM2A to
PWM2H
–∑ IOH
—
—
40
mA
Total of PWM1A to
PWM1H, PWM2A to
PWM2H
–∑ IOL
—
—
150
mA
Ta = 75°C to
85°C
—
—
180
mA
Ta = 25°C
—
—
220
mA
Ta =-40°C
Note: * To protect chip reliability, do not exceed the output current values in table 23.3.
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 775 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.4
AC Characteristics
Figure 23.2 show, the test conditions for the AC characteristics.
5V
RL
LSI output pin
C
RH
C = 50 pF: Ports A to F
(In case of expansion bus control signal output pin setting)
C = 30 pF: All ports except ports A to F
RL = 2.4 kΩ
RH = 12 kΩ
Input/output timing measurement levels
• Low level: 0.8 V
• High level: 2.0 V
Figure 23.2 Output Load Circuit
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 776 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.4.1
Clock Timing
Table 23.4 lists the clock timing
Table 23.4 Clock Timing
Condition : VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, LPVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20°C to +75°C
(regular specifications), Ta = –40°C to +85°C (wide-range specifications)
Condition
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
Clock cycle time
tcyc
50
250
ns
Figure 23.3
Clock high pulse width
tCH
25
—
ns
Clock low pulse width
tCL
25
—
ns
Clock rise time
tCr
—
10
ns
Clock fall time
tCf
—
10
ns
Clock oscillator settling
time at reset (crystal)
tOSC1
20
—
ms
Figure 23.4
Clock oscillator settling time in
software standby (crystal)
tOSC2
8
—
ms
Figure 22.3
Sub clock oscillator settling time
tOSC3
—
2
s
Figure 23.4
Sub clock oscillator frequency
fSUB
32.768
kHz
Sub clock (φSUB) cycle time
fSUB
30.5
µs
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 777 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
tcyc
tCH
tCf
φ
tCL
tCr
Figure 23.3 System Clock Timing
VCC
STBY
tOSC1
tOSC1
RES
φ
Figure 23.4 Oscillator Settling Timing
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 778 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.4.2
Control Signal Timing
Table 23.5 lists the control signal timing.
Table 23.5 Control Signal Timing
Condition : VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC,
VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20°C to +75°C (regular
specifications), Ta = –40°C to +85°C (wide-range specifications)
Condition
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
RES setup time
tRESS
200
—
ns
Figure 23.5
RES pulse width
tRESW
20
—
tcyc
NMI setup time
tNMIS
150
—
ns
NMI hold time
tNMIH
10
—
NMI pulse width (exiting
software standby mode)
tNMIW
200
—
ns
IRQ setup time
tIRQS
150
—
ns
IRQ hold time
tIRQH
10
—
ns
IRQ pulse width (exiting
software standby mode)
tIRQW
200
—
ns
Figure 23.6
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 779 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
φ
tRESS
tRESS
RES
tRESW
Figure 23.5 Reset Input Timing
φ
tNMIS
tNMIH
NMI
tNMIW
IRQ
tIRQW
tIRQS
tIRQH
IRQ
Edge input
tIRQS
IRQ
Level input
Figure 23.6 Interrupt Input Timing
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 780 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.4.3
Bus Timing
Table 23.6 lists the bus timing.
Table 23.6 Bus Timing
Condition : VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, LPVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20°C to +75°C
(regular specifications), Ta = –40°C to +85°C (wide-range specifications)
Condition
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
Address delay time
tAD
—
45
ns
Figure 23.7 to
Address setup time
tAS
0.5 × tcyc – 32
—
ns
Figure 23.11
Address hold time
tAH
0.5 × tcyc – 15
—
ns
AS delay time
tASD
—
45
ns
RD delay time 1
tRSD1
—
45
ns
RD delay time 2
tRSD2
—
45
ns
Read data setup time
tRDS
20
—
ns
Read data hold time
tRDH
10
—
ns
Read data access time 1
tACC1
—
1.0 × tcyc – 60
ns
Read data access time 2
tACC2
—
1.5 × tcyc – 50
ns
Read data access time 3
tACC3
—
2.0 × tcyc – 60
ns
Read data access time 4
tACC4
—
2.5 × tcyc – 50
ns
Read data access time 5
tACC5
—
3.0 × tcyc – 60
ns
WR delay time 1
tWRD1
—
35
ns
WR delay time 2
tWRD2
—
45
ns
WR pulse width 1
tWSW1
1.0 × tcyc – 40
—
ns
WR pulse width 2
tWSW2
1.5 × tcyc – 30
—
ns
Write data delay time
tWDD
—
45
ns
Write data setup time
tWDS
0.5 × tcyc – 20
—
ns
Write data hold time
tWDH
0.5 × tcyc – 10
—
ns
WAIT setup time
tWTS
30
—
ns
WAIT hold time
tWTH
5
—
ns
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 781 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
T1
T2
φ
tAD
A23 to A0
tAS
tAH
tASD
tASD
AS
tRSD1
RD
(read)
tAS
tRSD2
tACC2
tACC3
tRDS
tRDH
D15 to D0
(read)
tWRD2
tWRD2
HWR, LWR
(write)
tAH
tAS
tWDD
tWSW1
tWDH
D15 to D0
(write)
Figure 23.7 Basic Bus Timing (Two-State Access)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 782 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
T1
T2
T3
φ
tAD
A23 to A0
tAS
tAH
tASD
tASD
AS
tRSD1
RD
(read)
tRSD2
tACC4
tAS
tRDS
tACC5
tRDH
D15 to D0
(read)
tWRD1
tWRD2
HWR, LWR
(write)
tAH
tWDD tWDS
tWSW2
tWDH
D15 to D0
(write)
Figure 23.8 Basic Bus Timing (Three-State Access)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 783 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
T1
T2
Tw
tWTS tWTH
tWTS tWTH
T3
φ
A23 to A0
AS
RD
(read)
D15 to D0
(read)
HWR, LWR
(write)
D15 to D0
(write)
WAIT
Figure 23.9 Basic Bus Timing (Three-State Access with One Wait State)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 784 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
T1
T2 or T3
T1
T2
φ
tAD
A23 to A0
tAS
tAH
tASD
tASD
AS
tRSD2
RD
(read)
tACC3
tRDS
tRDH
D15 to D0
(read)
Figure 23.10 Burst ROM Access Timing (Two-State Access)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 785 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
T1
T2 or T3
T1
φ
tAD
A23 to A0
AS
tRSD2
RD
(read)
tACC1
tRDS
tRDH
D15 to D0
(read)
Figure 23.11 Burst ROM Access Timing (One-State Access)
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 786 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.4.4
Timing of On-Chip Supporting Modules
Table 23.7 lists the timing of on-chip supporting modules.
Table 23.7 Timing of On-Chip Supporting Modules
Condition : VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, LPVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20°C to +75°C
(regular specifications), Ta = –40°C to +85°C (wide-range specifications)
Condition
Item
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
Test Conditions
Output data delay time
tF
—
50
ns
Figure 23.12
Input data setup time
tPRS
30
—
Input data hold time
tPRH
30
—
PPG
Pulse output delay time
tPOD
—
50
ns
Figure 23.13
TPU
Timer output delay time
tTOCD
—
50
ns
Figure 23.14
Timer input setup time
tTICD
30
—
Timer clock input setup time
tTCKS
30
—
ns
Figure 23.15
Timer clock
pulse width
Single edge
tTCKWH
1.5
—
tcyc
Both edges
tTCKWL
2.5
—
—
50
ns
Figure 23.16
tcyc
Figure 23.17
I/O port
PWM
Pulse output delay time
tMPWMOD
SCI
Input clock
cycle
tScyc
Asynchronous
Synchronous
4
—
6
—
Input clock pulse width
tSCKW
0.4
0.6
tScyc
Input clock rise time
tSCKr
—
1.5
tcyc
Input clock fall time
tSCKf
—
1.5
Transmit data delay time
tTXD
—
50
Receive data setup time
(synchronous)
tRXS
50
—
Receive data hold time
(synchronous)
tRXH
50
—
A/D
Trigger input setup time
converter
tTRGS
50
HCAN
Transmit data delay time
tHTXD
Transmit data setup time
Transmit data hold time
ns
Figure 23.18
—
ns
Figure 23.19
—
100
ns
Figure 23.20
tHRXS
100
—
tHRXH
100
—
Rev. 5.00 Sep 22, 2005 page 787 of 1136
REJ09B0257-0500
Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
T2
T1
φ
tPRS
tPRH
Ports 1 to 5, 9,
A to F, K
(read)
tPWD
Ports 1 to 3, 5,
A to F, K
(write)
T1
T3
T2
T4
φ
tPRS
tPRH
Ports H, J
(read)
tPWD
Ports H, J
(write)
Figure 23.12 I/O Port Input/Output Timing
φ
tPOD
PO15 to 8
Figure 23.13 PPG Output Timing
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Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
φ
tTOCD
Output compare
output*
tTICS
Input capture
input*
Note: * TIOCA0 to TIOCA5, TIOCB0 to TIOCB5, TIOCC0, TIOCC3, TIOCD0, TIOCD3
Figure 23.14 TPU Input/Output Timing
φ
tTCKS
tTCKS
TCLKA to TCLKD
tTCKWL
tTCKWH
Figure 23.15 TPU Clock Input Timing
φ
tMPWMOD
PWM1A to PWM1H,
PWM2A to PWM2H
Figure 23.16 Motor Control PWM Output Timing
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Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
H8S/2646, H8S/2646R, H8S/2645:
SCK0, SCK1
H8S/2648, H8S/2648R, H8S/2647:
SCK0 to SCK2
tSCKr
tSCKW
tSCKf
tScyc
Figure 23.17 SCK Clock Input Timing
SCK0, SCK1
tTXD
TxD0, TxD1
(transmit data)
tRXS
tRXH
RxD0, RxD1
(receive data)
Figure 23.18 SCI Input/Output Timing (Clock Synchronous Mode)
φ
tTRGS
ADTRG
Figure 23.19 A/D Converter External Trigger Input Timing
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Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
—Preliminary—
CK
VOL
VOL
tHTXD
HTxD
(transmit data)
tHRXS tHRXH
HRxD
(receive data)
Figure 23.20 HCAN Input/Output Timing
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Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.5
A/D Conversion Characteristics
Table 23.8 lists the A/D conversion characteristics.
Table 23.8 A/D Conversion Characteristics
Condition : VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, LPVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20°C to +75°C
(regular specifications), Ta = –40°C to +85°C (wide-range specifications)
Condition
Item
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Resolution
10
10
10
bits
Conversion time
—
—
13.3
µs
Analog input capacitance
—
—
20
pF
Permissible signal-source impedance
—
—
5
kΩ
Nonlinearity error
—
—
±3.5
LSB
Offset error
—
—
±3.5
LSB
Full-scale error
—
—
±3.5
LSB
Quantization
—
±0.5
—
LSB
Absolute accuracy
—
—
±4.0
LSB
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Section 23 Electrical Characteristics
23.6
LCD Characteristics
Table 23.9 LCD Characteristics
Condition : VCC = PWMVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, LPVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, AVCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V,
Vref = 4.5 V to AVCC, VSS = PWMVSS = PLLVSS = AVSS = 0 V, Ta = –20 to +75ºC
(regular specifications), Ta = –40 to +85ºC (wide-range specifications)
Item
Symbol
Applicable Pins
Segment driver
step-down voltage
VDS
SEG1 to SEG24
(H8S/2646,
H8S/2646R,
H8S/2645)
Standard Value
Test
Conditions Min Typ Max
Unit Notes
ID = 2 µA
—
—
0.6
V
*1
ID = 2 µA
—
—
0.3
V
*1
300
1000
kΩ
—
L