Suntan MV1002SC Led driver ic Datasheet

CAT.No.1A0202-2E
MV1002SC
LED driver IC
Application Note
Version 2.1
MV1002SC
Precautions
Thank you for purchasing this product.
When using this IC, please follow the warnings and cautions given below to ensure safety.
Warning
!
Improper handling may result in death, serious injury, or major property damage.
Caution
!
Improper handling may result in minor injury or property damage.
!
This IC is intended to be used for general electronic equipment (office equipment, communication equipment,
measurement equipment, consumer electronics, etc.). Do not use the product for medical equipment,
aerospace planes, trains, transportation equipment (vehicles, ships, etc.), or nuclear power control systems
that may directly affect human life or health in case of a malfunction or trouble. Contact us before using the
product in applications other than general electronic equipment.
Warning
Caution
!
Never attempt to repair or modify the product. Doing so may lead to serious accidents.
<<Electric shock, destruction of property, fire, or malfunctions may result.>>
!
In the event of a problem, an excessive voltage may arise at an output terminal, or the voltage may drop.
Anticipate these fluctuations and any consequential malfunctions or destruction and provide adequate
protection for equipment, such as overvoltage or overcurrent protection.
!
Check the polarity of the input and output terminals. Make sure they are properly connected before turning on
power.
<<Failure to do so may lead to failure of the protective element or generate smoke or fire.>>
!
Use only the specified input voltage. Deploy a protective element on the input line.
<<Problems may result in smoke or fire.>>
!
In the event of a malfunction or other anomaly, shut power off and contact us immediately.
 The contents of this document are subject to change without notice.
 Use of this product constitutes acceptance of the formal specifications.
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liable for any losses or damages incurred or infringements of patents or other rights resulting from use of this information.
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or third parties.
 No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without prior consent from Shindengen.
! Although we continuously make every effort to enhance the quality and reliability of our products, there is a certain probability of
failure or malfunction in semiconductor products. It is advisable for customers to consider taking any safety measures in their design,
such as redundancy, fire containment, and malfunction prevention to avoid personal injury, fires, or social damages.
!
Our semiconductor products contained in this manual require especially high grade of quality and reliability and are not designed and
manufactured to be used in equipment or systems of which failures or malfunctions may directly affect human life or health. When
using the product in special or specific applications described below, be sure to contact us to confirm whether the intended use of the
product is appropriate.
Special applications
Transportation equipment (vehicles, ships, etc.), trunk-line communication equipment, traffic signal control systems, disaster/crime
prevent systems, various safety equipment, medical equipment, etc.
Specific applications
Nuclear power control systems, aircraft equipment, aerospace equipment, submarine repeaters, life-support systems, etc.
! Not only for the above special and specific applications, when you use our IC products also for equipment and systems that are
intended for continuous operation and expected to last for a long time, please contact us.
We provide support for circuit design to ensure safe use of our IC products. Please contact our sales
representative or product marketing department if you have any questions.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
Contents
1. Overview........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Features................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Block diagram .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Pin assignment ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 Pin functions ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Explanation of basic operations..................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Starting sequence .................................................................................................................................................... 7
3. Component selection procedure and calculation method .............................................................................................. 8
3.1 Basic circuit configuration ........................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 Component selection ............................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1
MOSFET (Q1) ............................................................................................................................................ 9-10
3.2.2
Fly-wheel diode (D1) ..................................................................................................................................... 10
3.2.3
Current detection resistor (R1 and R2).......................................................................................................... 10
3.2.4
Inductor (L1) .................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.5
Gate drive circuit (R4, R9, and D2)................................................................................................................ 11
3.2.6
Resistors for Svin and Svout pins(R5, R6, R7 and R8) ................................................................................. 12
3.2.7
CS pin filter (R3 and C4) ............................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.8
Vcc pin smoothing capacitor (C3).................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.9
REF pin capacitor (C5) .................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.10 Svin pin capacitor (C9) .................................................................................................................................. 13
3.2.11 Resonant capacitor (Cr) ................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.12 Input capacitor (C1) and Output capacitor (C2)............................................................................................. 13
3.2.13 Svout pin capacitor (C8) ........................................................................................................................... 13-14
3.3 Winding voltage supply .......................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3.1
Configuration of a winding voltage supply ..................................................................................................... 15
3.3.2
Selecting the auxiliary winding (Nc)............................................................................................................... 15
3.3.3
Selecting the auxiliary winding rectifier diode (D3) ................................................................................... 15-16
3.3.4
LED open-circuit protection using auxiliary winding....................................................................................... 16
4. Cautions on pattern designing ..................................................................................................................................... 17
4.1 Cautions................................................................................................................................................................. 17
4.2 PCB pattern example............................................................................................................................................. 18
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MV1002SC
5. Dimming characteristics............................................................................................................................................... 19
5.1 Operation in each mode......................................................................................................................................... 20
5.1.1
[A] Frequency modulation region................................................................................................................... 20
5.1.2
[B] Off-time modulation region .................................................................................................................. 21-22
5.1.3
[C] Minimum dimming region......................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 PWM dimming........................................................................................................................................................ 24
5.2.1
PWM dimming in 100% and minimum dimming ratio regions........................................................................ 24
5.2.2
Combination of linear dimming and PWM dimming ....................................................................................... 25
5.3 Dimming circuit ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
5.3.1
Example of dimming circuit smoothing PWM signal ...................................................................................... 26
6. Operations in abnormal situations ............................................................................................................................... 27
6.1 LED open-circuit .................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.2 LED short-circuit .................................................................................................................................................... 27
6.3 Abnormal heat buildup ........................................................................................................................................... 28
6.4 CS pin open-circuit................................................................................................................................................. 28
6.5 CS-GND short-circuit ............................................................................................................................................. 28
6.6 Current detection resistor open-circuit ................................................................................................................... 28
6.7 Current detection resistor short-circuit ................................................................................................................... 28
7. Standard circuit example ............................................................................................................................................. 29
7.1 Power supply specification and circuit diagram...................................................................................................... 29
7.2 Power supply characteristics.................................................................................................................................. 30
7.3 Example of operation waveform........................................................................................................................ 30-31
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
1. Overview
1.1 Features
The MV1002SC is an LED driver IC that uses an external power supply and can consist solely of low-voltage pins.
Omitting the auxiliary winding enables a single power supply configuration, and quasi-resonant operation in critical
conduction mode raises efficiency and lowers noise.
In general critical conduction mode, the switching frequency increases when the dimming ratio decreases. This
increases switching losses and imposes limitations on the lowest dimming ratios, disadvantageously. When the dimming
ratio decreases, the MV1002SC automatically switches from critical conduction mode to discontinuous conduction mode.
This prevents the switching frequency increasing, reduces switching losses, and achieves smooth and deep dimming free
of flickering.
The MV1002SC has the following features:

Allows quasi-resonant operation without auxiliary winding.

Quasi-resonant operation in critical conduction mode helps achieve low input change, raises efficiency, and lowers
noise.

Off-time modulation enables deep dimming (1% or less).

Allows PWM dimming input and linear dimming input.

Allows LED open-circuit protection using auxiliary winding.

Features built-in thermal shutdown, UVLO, and LED short-circuit protection.

Allows configuration solely of low voltage pins using an external start-up circuit.
1.2 Block diagram
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
1.3 Pin assignment
Package : SOP8J
1.4 Pin functions
Pin No.
Symbol
1
Svout
Zero current detection pin
2
Svin
Zero current reference pin
3
CS
Current sense pin
4
GND
Ground pin
5
Gate
The output pin for main a MOSFET drive
6
Vcc
IC power supply pin
7
REF
Dimming pin
8
N/C
No Connect
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
Name
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MV1002SC
2. Explanation of basic operations
The MV1002SC is a critical conduction mode (CRM) step-down chopper control IC. Figure 1 shows the circuit
configuration. Figure 2 shows the waveforms of currents flowing to the MOSFET and the diode, represented by Id and IF,
respectively. In a general CRM step-down chopper circuit, the MOSFET is turned on after the IF becomes zero, leaving
little recovery current for the diode and lower losses and noises than a PWM circuit. Meanwhile, disadvantageously, the
oscillation frequency changes dramatically as the output current (LED current) changes, resulting in poorer dimming
characteristics and efficiency.
The MV1002SC detects Id, converted to a voltage, with the current detection pin (CS pin). When it reaches the CS
reference voltage, the MV1002SC turns the MOSFET off (peak current detection). The IC performs CRM control in this
way: When the diode current IF becomes zero, the Svout voltage falls below the Svin voltage, so the IC detects this state
(zero current detection) and turns the MOSFET on. The voltages on both ends of the choke (① and ② in Figure 2) are
divided with resistors and input to the Svin pin and the Svout pin to achieve CRM operations without auxiliary winding.
Additionally, the off-time modulation prevents the frequency increasing during dimming and achieves constant high
efficiency and dimming characteristics during deep dimming. (See Section 5 [Dimming characteristics] on page 19.)
Figure 1 CRM step-down chopper circuit
Ip
Io
0
Id
IF
Vi
Vo
Detect
intersection
0
Delay in detection by IC + gate delay
Figure 2 MOSFET and diode current waveforms of the CRM step-down chopper and voltage waveforms
on both ends of the choke
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
2.1 Starting sequence
The MV1002SC starts up when a voltage equal to or exceeding the starting voltage (Vcc_start) is supplied to the Vcc
pin from an external power supply. To ensure stable operations, the signal should be sent to the REF pin when the Vcc
voltage is equal to or greater than the Vcc_start.
Figure 3 shows an example of a starting operation in the Vcc->REF sequence, using the circuit configuration shown in
Figure 1.
In a normal start operation, oscillations start when the Vcc voltage reaches Vcc_start. As the output voltage rises, the
Svin voltage crosses the Svout voltage, enabling zero current detection. (Figure 3(a) Starting operation OK)
When it is difficult to charge the output capacitor—for instance, when the resistance of the gate resistor R4 is large or
when the resistance of a dummy resistor connected in parallel with LED is small—the output voltage may not rise after
oscillation has started and zero current detection may be disabled. When zero current detection cannot be performed, the
IC is forcibly switched over to the restart operation, in which the minimum on-time and maximum off-time are used, instead
of the normal peak current detection operation. When zero current detection is left disabled, the restart operation
continues and LED will not light. (Figure 3(b) Starting operation NG)
Be sure to measure the Svin and Svout voltages at the start of the actual apparatus to confirm that zero current
detection is enabled.
Vi
Vcc_start=7.2V
Vcc
REF
Vth_REF
Vo
Svin
Svout
Svout
Svin
Gate
IL
Rated current
Rated定格電流
current
Io
Figure 3(a) Starting operation OK
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
Figure 3(b) Starting operation NG
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MV1002SC
3. Component selection procedure and calculation method
The calculation is an estimate. In an actual circuit, errors may occur for various reasons, including the characteristics of
individual parts and IC detection delays. Be sure to check with the actual apparatus and to make any adjustments needed.
When using an oscilloscope to verify waveforms, note that the waveform and characteristics change depending on
probe capacitance. In particular, pay close attention when measuring the Svin, Svout, and CS pins, and D-S of the
MOSFET.
Unless otherwise specified, the figures used in this document are typical values.
3.1 Basic circuit configuration
Figure 4 shows the basic circuit configuration. Figure 5 shows the basic operation waveforms.
As shown in Figure 4, detecting the voltages on both ends of the choke eliminates the need for an auxiliary winding and
enables a simple, low-cost circuit configuration.
LED+
Vin
C2
R6
LED
D1
R5
LEDL1
C1
R8
IL
R7
VDS
R5
8
2
1
N/C
Svin
Svout
D2
Q1
Cr
5
Vcc
6
Vcc
Gate
MV1002SC
REF
7
REF
GND
R3
3
CS
4
C3
C9
R4
C8
C4
C5
R2
R1
GND
Figure 4 Basic circuit configuration
VDS (D-S voltage waveform of Q1)
Vi+VF
Vi-Vo
Vi-2Vo-VF (Voltage of valley)
IL(Current waveform of L)
L
 Ip
Vi  Vo 
L
toff 1 
 Ip
Vo  VF 
ton 
Ip
Io
ton
toff1
toff2
（*）The chart emphasizes the toff2 period.
Figure 5 Basic operation waveforms
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MV1002SC
3.2 Component selection
The chart below shows a design procedure, from determination of the specification to adjustment. The design
procedure provided in this section is an example of electrical design.
During the design process, be sure to comply with safety standards established by official bodies and with your company
rules.
Determine
specification
Basic design
See [3.2 Component selection] on pp.9-14
See [3.3 Winding voltage supply] on pp.15-16
Build a power
supply
Operation check
Turned on at a valley
of resonant voltage
when dimming ratio is 100%?
No
・Adjusting the Svout capacitor ...pp.13-14
・Adjusting the resonant capacitor ...p.13
yes
Do any false
detections occur in the off-time
modulation regin?
No
・Adjusting the CS filter ...p.12
・Adjusting the gate resistor ...p.11
・Adjusting the resonant capacitor ...p.13
・Correcting the pattern ...p.17
yes
No
Is the
output current within
the allowable range?
・Adjusting the current detection resistor
...p.10
yes
Complete the
design process
* Repeat the operations check if a component constant changes after design has been completed.
3.2.1
MOSFET (Q1)
The MOSFET receives the voltages shown in Figure 5. The maximum applied voltage nearly equals the maximum input
voltage. In actual use, voltage spikes may occur—for instance, due to parasitic inductance of the wiring pattern. Check
with the actual apparatus and select a component with sufficient withstand voltage.
For a lighting apparatus that consumes a large amount of power, MOSFETs with low on-resistance offer advantages.
When power consumption is small, MOSFETs with small capacitance, such as Ciss and Coss, help achieve highly
efficient and advantageous dimming characteristics.
IC power consumption is the product of the input voltage and current consumption. Current consumption is the sum of
the logic current and the gate drive current. Select MOSFETs that have the lowest possible gate capacitance. (See Table
1 Recommended MOSFETs.)
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
Table 1 Recommended MOSFETs (as of January 2015)
Product name
Withstand
voltage (V)
Id (A)
P3B28HP2
280
3
1.7
2
3.6
120
25
Shindengen
FB
6
0.66
0.85
5.7
240
43
Shindengen
FB
1.5
4.2
5
3.9
120
20
Shindengen
FB
4
1.54
1.9
6.5
245
33
Shindengen
FB
1
6
7.2
4.3
125
20
Shindengen
FB
P5B52HP2
5
1.4
1.7
10.5
400
45
Shindengen
FB
P6B52HP2
6
1.1
1.35
15
520
58
Shindengen
FB
0.5
8.3
10
4.3
120
18
Shindengen
FB
P6B28HP2
P1R5B40HP2
400
P4B40HP2
P1B52HP2
P0R5B60HP2
3.2.2
525
600
Ron (typ) Ron (max) Qg (nC) Ciss (pF) Coss (pF) Manufacturer Package
Fly-wheel diode (D1)
Just as with MOSFETs, the fly-wheel diode must have withstand voltage greater than the input voltage. Additionally,
select a fast recovery diode (FRD) suitable for high-speed switching with trr of around 100 nsec or less. (See Table 2
Recommended fly-wheel diodes.)
Table 2 Recommended fly-wheel diodes (as of January 2015)
Withstand
Product name
Io (A)
VF (V)
Cj (pF)
voltage (V)
D1FL20U
1.1
0.98
200
D2FL20U
1.5
0.98
D1FL40U
D2FL40
D1FK60
D2FK60
3.2.3
400
600
trr (ns)
Manufacturer
Package
35
Shindengen
1F
35
Shindengen
2F
1.5
1.2
11
25
Shindengen
1F
1.3
1.3
-
50
Shindengen
2F
0.8
1.3
11
75
Shindengen
1F
1.5
1.3
16
75
Shindengen
2F
Current detection resistor (R1 and R2)
The current detection threshold of the CS pin should be Vth_CS = 0.495 V, and R1/R2 = Rcs. In Figure 5, when toff2 is
significantly less than ton or toff1, the peak current of Id, Ip, is double the output current Io. Thus, the Rcs is calculated
using the output current when the dimming ratio is 100%, Io (max), as follows:
Rcs 
Vth_CS
0.495

Ip
2  Io(max)
In actual use, the current will vary slightly from the calculated value due to toff2 and detection delay. Adjust to the
appropriate resistance with the actual apparatus.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
3.2.4
Inductor (L1)
Inductance is calculated, ignoring toff2, as follows, where the input voltage is represented by Vi, the output voltage
(LED voltage) by Vo, the switching frequency by f, the inductance by L, the forward voltage of the fly-wheel diode D1 by
VF:
L
(Vi  Vo)  (Vo  VF )
2  f  Io  (Vi  VF )
The switching frequency changes with changes in input voltage and with dimming.
A general inductor has the DC bias characteristics shown in Figure 6(a). As current increases, inductance decreases.
This results in the MOSFET current waveform indicated by a solid line in Figure 6(b). The output current Io is slightly
smaller than the calculated value.
The inductor receives the peak current Ip about twice larger than the output current Io and thus pay attention to a
decrease in inductance with Ip when selecting the inductor.
The inductance falls
when a current is applied.
Figure 6(a) Inductor’s DC bias characteristics
3.2.5
Figure 6(b) MOSFET current waveform at inductance drop
Gate drive circuit (R4, R9, and D2)
In the IC, the gate charging current (IG_source) is limited to about 40 mA and the discharge current (IG_sink) to about
425 mA. Thus, the circuit can be used with R4 = 0 Ω—i.e., with a direct connection. Using R4 enables adjustment for
delays, noise reduction, and improved dimming characteristics. However, if the resistance of R4 is too large, zero current
detection may not be performed once the restart operation starts. The restart operation may continue. To determine the
resistance of R4, be sure to confirm zero current detection can be performed even after starting with REF voltage = 0 V.
When R4 is added to the circuit, the discharge current is limited. To achieve advantageous constant-current
characteristics, the delay needs to be small; this means a discharge diode is required, D2. The discharge current can be
adjusted with resistor R9.
The charge and discharge currents above are levels with Vcc = 9 V. They will vary depending on Vcc value.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
3.2.6
Resistors
for Svin and Svout pins(R5, R6, R7 and R8)
The Svin and Svout pins are used for comparator input to detect voltage inversions on both ends of L1 to determine
switching timing on (zero current detection). To ensure advantageous comparator characteristics, the input voltage into
the pins should not exceed 3.5 V. The voltages on both ends of L are very high; voltage dividing resistors (R5, R6, R7, and
R8) are required, as shown in the circuit diagram (Figure 7).
Due to the configuration of the basic circuit, an LED leak current flows via the voltage dividing resistors (R5 to R8) and
the IC internal resistor (25 kΩ). To reduce output current when the IC is not operating and the dimming ratio is at its
minimum, use a winding voltage supply, as described in Section 3.3.
Figure 7 shows the voltage waveforms of the Svin and Svout pins and the internal circuit diagram.
Figure 7 Zero current detecting operation waveforms and internal circuit diagram
Select R7 and R8 so that the Svout pin voltage is around 3 V when the input voltage is at maximum. Use the following
formula:
R 7  R8 
25k  Vi _ max－VF 
－25k
3
Select R5 and R6 with resistance about 5% lower than R7 and R8. (See Section 6.2 [LED short circuits] on page 28.)
Select highly accurate resistors as R5, R6, R7, and R8 (accuracy ±1% or better).
When the output voltage Vo does not exceed 10% of the maximum input voltage Vi, zero current detection may be
disabled. In that case, use the winding voltage supply, as described in Section 3.3 on page 15.
3.2.7
CS pin filter (R3 and C4)
R3 and C4 are filters used to shield the CS pin from noise. Adjusting R3 to range between 0 Ω and several kΩ and C4
between 10 pF and 100 pF will reduce false detections of off-timing due to switching-on noise in the off-time modulation
region. When adjusting the filter constants, check for false detections on the actual apparatus using as many different
REF pin voltage VREF settings as possible within the REF voltage range given in the specification. (For details, see Section
5.1.2 [[B] Off-time modulation range] on pages 21 to 22.)
If the filter constants set are too large, the detection delay will grow, along with the change in output current due to the
output current setting and the input voltage. Reselect current detection resistors (R1 and R2) or the inductor, if necessary.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
3.2.8
Vcc pin smoothing capacitor (C3)
C3 is a capacitor used to stabilize the power supply voltage of the Vcc pin. Check the Vcc pin voltage waveform and
select a capacitor with capacitance of 0.1 uF or more. A very large capacitance value will length start times. Check with
the actual apparatus.
3.2.9
REF pin capacitor (C5)
C5 is a capacitor used to prevent unintended noise-induced operations. The capacitance of the capacitor should be
around 1000 pF. For dimming methods, see Section 5 [Dimming characteristics] on page 19.
3.2.10 Svin pin capacitor (C9)
C9 is a capacitor used to prevent unintended noise-induced operations. The capacitance of the capacitor should be
around 1000 pF.
3.2.11 Resonant capacitor (Cr)
In addition to enabling adjustments of the resonant period, Cr will reduce switching-off noise. However, note that it may
also increase switching-on noise. If Cr is too large, dimming characteristics and efficiency may be degraded. We
recommend against using this capacitor. If you wish to use it, make adjustments with the actual apparatus to minimize
capacitance.
3.2.12 Input capacitor (C1) and Output capacitor (C2)
Select input and output capacitors after considering allowable ripple current, life, output holding time, etc. The ripple
current of a capacitor is calculated by the following formulas:
Ripple current of input capacitor
Ripple current of output capacitor
1 D
Iripin  Ip  D    
3 4 
Iripout 
Io
3
Where D represents the switching duty cycle.
D is obtained using the formula, D = Vo/Vi, based on the relationship between input and output voltages.
In the case of an input capacitor, ripple currents are added from input circuit devices, such as the full wave rectifier and
PFC. Consider these as well when selecting the capacitor.
3.2.13 Svout pin capacitor (C8)
C8 is a capacitor used to adjust the delay shown in Figure 7 and to the on-timing. For a discussion of adjusting
on-timing using C8, see [Additional explanation of resonant period in quasi-resonant operation] on page 14.
C8 also prevents unintended noise-induced operations. Adjust the capacitance to around 10 to 100 pF with the actual
apparatus.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
Additional explanation of resonant period in quasi-resonant operation
VDS
toff2
Example of gate charge characteristics
Vi+VF
Vi-Vo
Vb
t
VGS
1/4 of resonant
period
Vth
t
Tdon
Qg(Vth)/IG_source
Qg (Vth): Accumulated charge until the
voltage reaches the gate threshold
Tdon: Delay in response
Figure 8 Adjusting the delay
Ideally, the MOSFET should be turned on at a valley of resonance as shown in Figure 8. The corresponding condition is
expressed by the following formula:
1
Qg (Vth )
 2 L  (Cr  Coss  Cj)  Td on 
4
Ig
Coss: Output capacitance of MOSFET
Cr:
Capacitance of D-S capacitor
Cj:
Junction capacitance of fly-wheel diode
Since Vb = Vi - 2Vo - VF, switching losses are minimized. While the condition above may not be completely fulfilled in
actual use, MOSFETs do not need to be switched on precisely at a valley. If the on-timing is far from the valley, it can be
adjusted as follows:
(1) The left side is large:
(2) The right side is large:
 Delay the on-timing.
 Lengthen the resonant period.
• Increase C8 or R4.
• Add or increase Cr.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
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MV1002SC
3.3 Winding voltage supply
3.3.1
Configuration of a winding voltage supply
Using an auxiliary winding shown in Figure 9 protects the MV1002SC against output overvoltages caused (for instance)
by LED open circuits and reduces the LED leak current at oscillation stop. Additionally, the operation is ensured even with
specifications at which the output voltage Vo does not exceed 10% of the maximum input voltage Vi. (See Section 3.2.6
[Selecting resistors for Svin and Svout pins] on page 12.)
When selecting components, select an auxiliary winding and a rectifier diode for the auxiliary winding.
Figure 9 Configuration of a winding voltage supply
3.3.2
Selecting the auxiliary winding (Nc)
If Vc represents the auxiliary winding voltage rectified and applied to the Vcc pin, Vc is obtained by the formula given
below. Considering changes in Vo due to dimming and changes in VF of the LED, select the turn ratio at which Vc voltage
falls within the range between 10 V and 16 V.
Nc Vc

Np Vo
Np: Number of turns of inductor L1 [T]
Nc: Number of turns of auxiliary winding [T]
Depending on the turn ratio or the coupling condition of the winding, a surge voltage is generated in the auxiliary
winding, and Vc voltage may exceed the set level. Check with the actual apparatus to determine whether the Vc voltage is
between 10 V and 16 V.
3.3.3
Selecting the auxiliary winding rectifier diode (D3)
Vr, a reverse voltage represented by the following formula, is applied to D3. Note the withstand voltage when selecting
this component.
Vr  Vi 
Nc
Np
When the input voltage is at maximum, the reverse voltage applied to D3 is also at maximum. Use a fast recovery diode
(FRD) for D3.
(See Table 3 Recommended rectifier diodes.)
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
15
MV1002SC
Table 3 Recommended rectifier diodes (as of January 2015)
Withstand
Io (A)
VF (V)
Cj (pF)
Product name
voltage (V)
M1FL20U
200
1.1
0.98
-
trr (ns)
Manufacturer
Package
35
Shindengen
M1F
M1FL40U
400
1.5
1.2
11
25
Shindengen
M1F
D1FK60
600
0.8
1.3
11
75
Shindengen
1F
Placing a resistor R12 in series with D3 may reduce the effects of the surge voltage of the auxiliary winding on the Vcc
pin, and reduce Vc voltage increased by the surge voltage.
R10 should be 1 MΩ; R11 should be 220 kΩ.
The Svin and Svout pin waveforms are as shown in Figure 10 when an auxiliary winding is used.
V
Around 1.5V
Around 0.3V
t
0
Clamped
bythe
thebuilt-in
built-in diode
diode
Clamped by
Figure 10 Waveforms of Svin and Svout pins when an auxiliary winding is used
3.3.4
LED open-circuit protection using auxiliary winding
Using the auxiliary winding of the inductor L1 shown in Figure 9 provides protection against output overvoltages due
(for instance) to LED open-circuit. The Vcc pin performs the latch-off function when detecting an overvoltage. It disables
the operation when the Vcc pin voltage reaches 20.7 V (typical). If the auxiliary winding is wound with the polarity shown in
Figure 9, the auxiliary winding voltage is proportional to output voltage; thus, it is possible to indirectly detect an
overvoltage caused by LED open-circuit and to stop the operation.
The following formula gives Vovp, an output voltage at the time of latch-off:
Vovp 
20.7
 Vo
Vc
If the difference between the input voltage Vi and the output voltage Vo is small, the Vcc voltage may not reach 20.7 V.
In this case, LED open-circuit protection by the auxiliary winding may fail.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
16
MV1002SC
4. Cautions on pattern designing
4.1 Cautions
Figure 11 shows the same circuit shown in Figure 4, rewritten after accounting for pattern design. Consider the four
items below for pattern design. Due to the potential for false detection, pay special attention to items 1 and 2.
1.
The shaded area indicates the main circuit through which the switching current flows. To make this area as small as
possible, wire with the shortest possible tracks, prioritizing this aspect over other aspects.
2.
The area enclosed with a dotted line indicates the control circuit. Strive to minimize the effects of noise and magnetic
flux of the main circuit on the control circuit. The control circuit should have one GND terminal, connected to a stable
part of the main circuit, such as a minus terminal of the input capacitor. In particular, make sure that the tracks to
input signals to pins such as REF, Svin, Svout, and CS pins are kept at a distance from high-voltage circuits.
3.
Magnetic flux is present around the inductor. Use a shield type inductor with a small flux leak. Make sure that the
signal tracks are not placed just below the inductor.
4.
Wire the tracks for the Svin and Svout pins as close to parallel as possible.
Figure 11 Circuit diagram accounting for pattern design
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
17
MV1002SC
4.2 PCB pattern example
The diagram below shows an example of a pattern layout using our sample board. The pattern on the sample board
lacks an input fuse and input line filter. Be sure to add these components for actual applications.
<Front>
<Back>
[PCB size: 55 mm H x 65 mm W]
The above pattern is an example. It does not guarantee actual operation. Be sure to check actual operation with the actual
apparatus.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
18
MV1002SC
5. Dimming characteristics
Figure 12 shows typical dimming characteristics for the MV1002SC.
Since the current detection threshold changes with REF pin voltage VREF, the output current can be adjusted using VREF.
Apply a DC voltage to the REF pin and adjust the voltage to enable linear dimming control. In addition, sending a PWM
signal of 1 kHz or less to the REF pin and controlling the duty cycle enables PWM dimming. Reducing VREF automatically
switches operations from critical conduction mode to discontinuous conduction mode, allowing adjustments of the output
current to very low levels, even with linear dimming.
[A] frequency modulation region and [B] off-time modulation region shown in Figure 12 are automatically switched over
based on a comparison of Toff (CRM) and Toff (DCM) on the IC. Toff (CRM) is the off-time in critical conduction mode
(sum of toff1 worked out by the formula in Figure 5 on page 8 and the resonant period toff2). Toff (DCM) is the forced
off-time determined on the IC based on VREF. When Toff (CRM) > Toff (DCM), the operating mode switches to the [A]
frequency modulation region. When Toff (CRM) < Toff (DCM), the operating mode switches to the [B] off-time modulation
region. The REF pin voltage for switchover changes with input/output conditions, choke inductance, and other parameters.
Calculate the forced off-time Toff (DCM), using the following approximation formula as a guide.
64 .35
45 .9  V REF - 9 .9
Toff ( DCM ) 
[ s ]
( 0 . 24 V  V REF  0 .7 V )
The lower chart in Figure 12 shows a graph of REF pin voltage and off-time. The red curve represents Toff (CRM). The
green curve represents Toff (DCM).
If VREF is equal to or below the threshold (about 0.2 V), the operation will switch to the [C] minimum dimming region, in
which the IC operates with Ton_min and Toff_max.
Dimming ratio [%]
Operating mode
[A] Frequency modulation region
When Toff (CRM) > Toff
(DCM)
[B] Off-time modulation region
When Toff (CRM) < Toff
(DCM)
[C] Minimum dimming region
When VREF < about 0.2 V
REF pin voltage [V]
Toff ( DCM) 
64.35
[s（参考）
] (Reference)
45.9  VREF - 9.9
Toff (CRM )

L
VREF

 2  Io(max)   LC[s]
Vo  VF
2.5
REF pin voltage [V]
Figure 12 Relationship of REF pin voltage VREF to dimming ratio and to off-time Toff
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
19
MV1002SC
5.1 Operation in each mode
5.1.1
[A] Frequency modulation region
The operation waveforms in the frequency modulation region are those in critical conduction mode shown in Figure 14.
Figure 13 shows the internal circuit of the CS pin. Voltage 1/5 of VREF is compared to current detection threshold voltage
Vth_CS (0.495V); the lower voltage is used as the CS pin reference voltage. In actual use, both Vth_CS and VREF x1/5 will
change slightly. To make sure Vth_CS is used as the reference, set VREF to 2.6 V or greater.
If resonant period Toff2 is significantly less than ton and toff1, IL may be regarded as a triangle wave. Thus, Io = 1/2 x Ip,
and output current Io becomes proportional to VREF. However, the oscillation frequency increases as VREF decreases; the
ratios of Toff2 and detection delay to the period of a cycle will therefore increase. In this case, the proportional relationship
between Io and VREF may change somewhat.
REF pin voltage VREF: 2.6 V or more
REF pin voltage VREF: 2.5 V or less
Figure 13 CS pin internal circuit diagram
●VREF ≥ 2.6V (dimming ratio of 100%)
●VREF < 2.5V
Figure 14 Operation waveforms in [A] frequency modulation region
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
20
MV1002SC
5.1.2
[B] Off-time modulation region
Operation waveforms in the off-time modulation region are those in discontinuous conduction mode shown in Figure 15.
Output current can be controlled to very low levels by increasing the forced off-time Toff (DCM) as VREF falls. The forced
off-time includes toff1, the period during which a current flows to D1. As shown by the formula in Figure 5, toff1 depends
on Vo. Therefore, if Vo changes, Io in the [B] region will also change.
The reference voltage for the CS pin is 1/5 of VREF in the [B] region as well, and therefore lower than in the [A] region.
Thus, the circuit is more likely to be affected by noise in the [B] region. The MOSFET is more likely to switch off at a timing
that varies from the time of peak current detection. The switching-on timing does not fall on a valley of the resonant
voltage. If the VDS voltage at switching-on exceeds Vb, switching-on noise will increase. In actual use, after the switch is
turned on, there will be a leading edge blanking (LEB) period in which noise is rejected. During LEB period, the MOSFET
cannot be turned off. (Figure 16(b)) Even during the LEB period, when switching-on noise or noise from an external circuit
exceeds the reference voltage, such noise will lead to false detection, and the MOSFET is turned off. (Figure 17(b)) As a
result, Io drops below the optimal level. Depending on the timing of the noise, the LED light may flicker.
If Coss of MOSFET, Cr of the resonant capacitor or Cj of the fly-wheel diode is large, the switching-on noise will also be
large. If switching-on noise causes false detection, adjust the CS filter (page 12), adjust the gate resistance (page 11), or
reselect the components above.
To quickly check whether false detection occurred, use many different VREF settings to check for an apparently short
Ton, which is not the peak current detection. Measurements may be incorrect if you measure the Vcs or VDS voltage. We
recommend measuring just the gate pin waveform.
VDS
Vi+VF
Vi-Vo
t
Forced off-time
IL
toff1
toff2
ton
Ip
Io
t
VCS
VREF / 5
(a) Switched on
when VDS ≈ Vb
Figure 15 Operation waveform
in the [B] off-time modulation region
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
(b) Switched on
when VDS > Vb
Figure 16 Example of switching-on
noise caused by VDS
21
MV1002SC
VDS
Vi+VF
Vb
VCS
LEB period
LEB period
(a) Noise fades within
LEB period
(b) Noise does not fade
within LEB period
VREF
×1/5
Gate
Vcc
Figure 17 Example of false detection due to switching-on noise
The resonant current flowing in toff2 period also flows to the current detection resistor Rcs. Vcs oscillates around 0 V
during the toff2 period. Even in case of the same VREF, Io accuracy and smoothness of dimming characteristics may be
degraded (see VREF ripple: Small in Figure 19) if the on-time changes significantly depending on whether Vcs at on-timing
exceeds 0 V, as shown in Figure 18.
The amplitude of Vcs during the toff2 period can be reduced by reducing the Coss of MOSFET and the Cr of the
resonant capacitor. Increasing the ripple voltage of VREF averages any changes in the on-time and reduces
Vcs-dependent changes in Io at switching-on. (See VREF ripple: Large in Figure 19.)
Io
VREF ripple: Small
VREF ripple: Large
VREF
Figure 18 Changes in on-time determined by switching-on
timing in the [B] region
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
Figure 19 Example illustrating degraded smoothness of
dimming characteristics
22
MV1002SC
5.1.3
[C] Minimum dimming region
If VREF is at or below the threshold (about 0.2 V), the operation switches to the minimum dimming region in which the IC
operates with the fixed minimum on-time, Ton_min, and the fixed maximum off-time, Toff_max, rather than depending in
the switching-off and switching-on timings detected using the CS pin, Svin pin, and Svout pin voltages. The output current
Io (min) in the [C] region is fixed to about 0.1 to 1% of that at the 100% dimming ratio.
However, since peak current detection is not used, Io (min) will change if the input voltage or output voltage changes.
VDS
Vi+VF
Vi-Vo
t
IL
Minimum on-time
Maximum off-time
Io
t
VCS
t
Figure 20 Operation waveform in the [C] minimum dimming region
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
23
MV1002SC
5.2 PWM dimming
5.2.1
PWM dimming in 100% and minimum dimming ratio regions
PWM dimming can be performed by sending a PWM signal to the REF pin with VREF in the 100% dimming ratio as the
high level and VREF in the minimum dimming ratio region as the low level. Frequency f and on-duty cycle Don of a PWM
signal should be 1 kHz or less and 1% or more, respectively.
VREF
H
H：2.6V or more
L：0.15V or less
L
t
Don
Io
1-Don
IL
Io(max)
Io(ave)≒Don×Io(max)
Io(min)
t
Figure 21 Example of PWM dimming operation
As shown in Figure 21, when a PWM signal with on-duty cycle of Don is applied to the REF pin, Io becomes an average
current Io (ave) = Don x Io (max) + (1 – Don) x Io (min). In actual use, Io (min) is very small, and the equation may be
rewritten to Io (ave) ≈ Don x Io (max).
In PWM dimming, if the first switching-on timing in the H-level period is irregular, the practical Don will also become
irregular and Io will become unstable. The effect is especially significant if Don is small. To avoid this problem, the first
switching-on timing in the H-level period of every cycle aligns with each other by detecting a change of VREF from L level
to H level and forcibly outputting an on-trigger. This function helps stabilize Io (ave), even if Don is small.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
24
MV1002SC
5.2.2
Combination of linear dimming and PWM dimming
Linear dimming and PWM dimming can be combined, as shown in Figure 22, thereby ensuring advantageous output
current accuracy throughout the range from 100% rated current to very small currents.
Assume VREF_any represents any given REF voltage in the [A] region and Io’ represents Io at that voltage. If Io is Io’ or
more, linear dimming is used. If Io is Io’ or less, PWM dimming is used. The high level of the signal for PWM dimming is
VREF_any, and the low level is VREF in the minimum dimming region. Combining the dimming methods enables
adjustments to smaller currents than PWM dimming alone and achieves control with better output current accuracy than
linear dimming alone.
Figure 22 Combination of linear dimming and PWM dimming
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
25
MV1002SC
5.3 Dimming circuit
5.3.1
Example of dimming circuit smoothing PWM signal
Figure 23 shows an example of a dimming circuit that smooths a PWM dimming signal and applies it to the REF pin.
Assuming that VREF_L represents VREF when the transistor Q101 is turned on and that VREF_H represents VREF when the
transistor is turned off in Figure 23, obtain the approximate values of those voltages using the formulas given below.
VREF _ H  VDD 
R102
R101 R102
VREF _ L  I _ ref  R103  R104
Increasing VREF_H narrows the dimming range. Applying the formula above, set the value of resistors R101 + R102 with
which the voltage becomes approximately 2.7 V. Make sure VDD applied is stable. A widely changing VDD will affect
dimming accuracy.
To ensure that the IC operates in the minimum dimming region when Q101 is turned on, set the value of resistors R103
+ R104 with which VREF_L, even if varying, does not exceed 0.15 V. I_ref is the REF pin voltage pull-up current and it is 32
μA (typical).
The components R103, R104, C101, and C102 smooth VREF_H and VREF_L, and VREF obtained with the formula below
is applied to the REF pin. Adjust the capacitance levels of C101 and C102 to 1 uF or less while checking dimming
characteristics.
VREF  1  Don  VREF _ H  Don  VREF _ L
Figure 23 Example of PWM dimming signal smoothing circuit
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
26
MV1002SC
6. Operations in abnormal situations
While the MV1002SC incorporates various protection functions, certain problems cannot be averted by the IC functions
alone. Provided below are some examples of typical abnormal situations. These are provided as a guide.
Always perform appropriate testing using the actual apparatus, including open-circuit and short-circuit tests, to check
operations in abnormal situations.
6.1 LED open-circuit
The MV1002SC has a latch-off function to protect against LED open-circuits using the auxiliary winding voltage and
Vcc_OVP function. For details, see [LED open-circuit protection using auxiliary winding] on page 16.
①
Auxiliary winding is used:
 The output voltage is detected indirectly using the auxiliary winding voltage, and the latch-off is performed with
the Vcc_OVP function.
②
Auxiliary winding is not used:
 The IC operates with the maximum on-time, Ton_max. Vo becomes nearly equal to Vi.
The withstand voltage of the output capacitor should be the same as that of the input capacitor.
6.2 LED short-circuit
If Vo becomes 0 V, the operation automatically switches to the restart operation from zero current detection. That
makes it possible to limit forcibly the current in the event of an LED short-circuit. After the short-circuit is resolved, the IC is
automatically reset and starts to operate with zero current detection.
If the formula below is fulfilled, the IC operates in continuous conduction mode, and a short-circuit current flowing to the
MOSFET or the fly-wheel diode is likely to increase. Make sure the actual apparatus is unaffected in such cases.
Vi 
Toff _ max
 VF
Ton _ min
VF is the forward voltage of the fly-wheel diode D1.
Figure 24 shows the ideal waveforms for the Svout and Svin pins in the event of an LED short-circuit. Make sure the
Svin voltage always exceeds the Svout voltage in the event of an LED short-circuit. To prevent false switching-on due to
noise, we recommend making the value of resistors R5 + R6 about 5% less than R7 + R8. For noise reduction, insert
capacitors C8 and C9. (See Sections 3.2.10 and 3.2.13.)
Figure 24 Svin and Svout pin waveforms in the event of an LED short-circuit
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
27
MV1002SC
6.3 Abnormal heat buildup
The MV1002SC incorporates thermal shutdown. If the junction temperature (Tj) of the IC reaches the thermal shutdown
stop temperature (approx. 150ºC), thermal shutdown is activated, and oscillation stops. If Tj falls about 50ºC from the stop
temperature, the IC will reset automatically.
If heat buildup occurs in a component other than the IC, the protection will not be activated. Install a separate protection
circuit, if necessary.
6.4 CS pin open-circuit
If the CS pin open-circuit occurs, Vcs will increase due to the internal pull-up current and remain above the CS pin
reference voltage. The IC will therefore operate with the minimum on-time Ton_min, and Io will decrease.
6.5 CS-GND short-circuit
The IC will be unable to perform peak current detection at the CS pin and will operate with the maximum on-time
Ton_max. As Io increases, install a separate protection circuit, if necessary.
6.6 Current detection resistor open-circuit
The source of MOSFET will float, and MOSFET operations will become unstable. If the MOSFET switches off, Io will
approach zero. However, if the MOSFET is on, overvoltage will be applied to a CS pin, resulting in potential damage to the
IC. Install a separate protection circuit, if necessary.
6.7 Current detection resistor short-circuit
Vcs will become nearly equal to GND, and the IC will operate with the maximum on-time Ton_max. As Io increases,
install a separate protection circuit, if necessary.
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
28
MV1002SC
7. Standard circuit example
7.1 Power supply specification and circuit diagram
 Power supply specification
Min
Typ
Input voltage (DC)
180
Output voltage
80
Output current
0.97(*)
140
Max
Unit
220
V
160
V
300
mA
14
Vcc voltage
V
(*) When Vin = 200 V DC, Vo = 80 V, Vcc = 14 V
 Circuit diagram
LED+
Vin
250V
6.8u
400V
6.8u
GND
LED900uH
P5B52HP2
Shindengen
MV1002SC
5
Gate
Vcc=14V
6
Vcc
CS 3
REF
7
REF
Svin 2
8
NC
820k
GND 4
910k
820k
910k
Svout 1
1000p
0.1u
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
D1FL40U
Shindengen
10p
1000p
29
12
0.82
MV1002SC
7.2 Power supply characteristics
 Efficiency characteristics
(Vin = 200 V DC, Vcc = 14 V)
 Dimming characteristics
(Vin = 200 V DC, Vo = 140 V, Vcc = 14 V)
7.3 Example of operation waveform
Waveform in the [A] frequency modulation region
→ GND1
→ GND3
CH1
VDS
50 V/div
CH3
IL
0.2 A/div
time
4 us/div
Vin
200 V DC
Io
300 mA
Dimming ratio of 100%
Vo = 140 V
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
30
MV1002SC
Waveform in the [B] off-time modulation region
→ GND1
CH1
VDS
50 V/div
CH3
IL
0.2 A/div
time
4 us/div
Vin
200 V DC
Io
30 mA
Dimming ratio of 10%
→ GND3
Vo = 140 V
Waveform in the [C] minimum dimming region
→ GND1
→ GND3
CAT.No.1A0202-2E
31
CH1
VDS
50 V/div
CH3
IL
0.2 A/div
time
10 us/div
Vin
200 V DC
Io
0.48 mA
Minimum dimming ratio
Vo = 140 V
MV1002SC
SHINDENGEN
32