19-2551; Rev 0; 6/02 Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converters with Parallel Interface Features ♦ 16-Bit Wide (MAX1165) and Byte Wide (MAX1166) Parallel Interface The 16-bit wide MAX1165 is available in a 28-pin TSSOP package and the byte wide MAX1166 is available in a 20-pin TSSOP package. Both devices are available in either the 0°C to +70°C commercial, or the -40°C to +85°C extended temperature range. AutoShutdown is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Applications Temperature Sensor/Monitor ♦ High Speed: 165ksps Sample Rate ♦ Accurate: ±2LSB INL, 16 Bit No Missing Codes ♦ 4.096V, 35ppm/°C Internal Reference ♦ External Reference Range: +3.8V to +5.25V ♦ Single +4.75V to +5.25V Analog Supply Voltage ♦ +2.7V to +5.25V Digital Supply Voltage ♦ Low Supply Current 1.8mA (External Reference) 2.7mA (Internal Reference) 0.1µA (10ksps, External Reference) ♦ Small Footprint 28-Pin TSSOP Package (16-Bit Wide) 20-Pin TSSOP Package (Byte Wide) Ordering Information PIN-PACKAGE INL MAX1165ACUI* PART TEMP RANGE 0°C to +70°C 28 TSSOP ±2 MAX1165BCUI 0°C to +70°C 28 TSSOP ±2 MAX1165CCUI 0°C to +70°C 28 TSSOP ±4 MAX1165AEUI* -40°C to +85°C 28 TSSOP ±2 MAX1165BEUI* -40°C to +85°C 28 TSSOP ±2 MAX1165CEUI* -40°C to +85°C 28 TSSOP ±4 *Future product—contact factory for availability. Industrial Process Control Ordering Information continued at end of data sheet. I/O Boards Typical Operating Circuit Data-Acquisition Systems Cable/Harness Tester +5V ANALOG +5V DIGITAL Accelerometer Measurements 0.1µF Digital Signal Processing 0.1µF µP DATA BUS Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet. Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet. ANALOG INPUT AIN DVDD D0–D15 AVDD MAX1165 EOC R/C CS RESET REF REFADJ AGND DGND 0.1µF 4.7µF ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 1 MAX1165/MAX1166 General Description The MAX1165/MAX1166 16-bit, low-power, successiveapproximation analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) feature automatic power-down, factory-trimmed internal clock, and a 16-bit wide (MAX1165) or byte wide (MAX1166) parallel interface. The devices operate from a single +4.75V to +5.25V analog supply and a +2.7V to +5.25V digital supply. The MAX1165/MAX1166 use an internal 4.096V reference or an external reference. The MAX1165/MAX1166 consume only 1.8mA at a sampling rate of 165ksps with external reference and 2.7mA with internal reference. AutoShutdown™ reduces supply current to 0.1mA at 10ksps. The MAX1165/MAX1166 are ideal for high-performance, battery-powered, data-acquisition applications. Excellent dynamic performance and low power consumption in a small package make the MAX1165/ MAX1166 ideal for circuits with demanding power consumption and space requirements. MAX1165/MAX1166 Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS AVDD to AGND .........................................................-0.3V to +6V DVDD to DGND ........................................-0.3V to (AVDD + 0.3V) AGND to DGND.....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V AIN, REF, REFADJ to AGND....................-0.3V to (AVDD + 0.3V) CS, HBEN, R/C, RESET to DGND ............................-0.3V to +6V Digital Output (D15–D0, EOC) to DGND ..............................................-0.3V to (DVDD + 0.3V) Maximum Continuous Current Into Any Pin ........................50mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 20-Pin TSSOP (derate 10.9mW/°C above+70°C) ........879mW 28-Pin TSSOP (derate 12.8mW/°C above +70°C) .....1026mW Operating Temperature Ranges MAX116_ _CU_ ...................................................0°C to +70°C MAX116_ _EU_ ................................................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (AVDD = DVDD = +5V, external reference = +4.096V, CREF = 4.7µF, CREFADJ = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS DC ACCURACY Resolution Relative Accuracy (Note 1) Differential Nonlinearity N INL DNL 16 Bits MAX116_A ±2 MAX116_B ±2 MAX116_C ±4 No missing codes over temperature ±1 MAX116_A MAX116_B ±1.5 -1 RMS noise, external reference, includes quantization noise 0.65 Internal reference LSBRMS 0.7 Offset Error Gain Error LSB ±2 MAX116_C Transition Noise LSB (Note 2) LSBRMS 0.05 1 ±0.002 ±0.02 mV %FSR Offset Drift 0.6 ppm/°C Gain Drift 0.2 ppm/°C 90 dB DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (fIN(SINE-WAVE) = 1kHz, VIN = 4.096VP-P, 165ksps) Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion SINAD 86 Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR 87 Total Harmonic Distortion THD Spurious-Free Dynamic Range SFDR 90 -102 92 dB -90 dB 105 dB Full-Power Bandwidth -3dB point 4 MHz Full-Linear Bandwidth SINAD > 81dB 33 kHz CONVERSION RATE Sample Rate fSAMPLE 165 ksps Aperture Delay 27 ns Aperture Jitter <100 ps ANALOG INPUT Input Range VAIN Input Capacitance CAIN 2 0 VREF 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________ V pF Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface (AVDD = DVDD = +5V, external reference = +4.096V, CREF = 4.7µF, CREFADJ = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX 4.056 4.096 4.136 UNITS INTERNAL REFERENCE REF Output Voltage VREF REF Output Tempco TCREF REF Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Bypass at REFADJ Capacitive Bypass at REF REFADJ Input Leakage Current IREFSC V ±25 ppm/°C ±10 mA CREFADJ 0.1 µF CREF 1 µF IREFADJ 20 µA EXTERNAL REFERENCE REFADJ Buffer Disable Threshold To power down the internal reference REF Input Voltage Range REF Input Current Internal reference disabled IREF AVDD 0.4 3.8 VREF = +4.096V, fSAMPLE = 165ksps 50 AVDD 0.1 V AVDD V 120 ±0.1 Shutdown mode µA DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS Input High Voltage VIH Input Low Voltage VIL Input Leakage Current Input Hysteresis IIN 0.7 × DVDD VIH = 0 or DVDD ±0.1 VHYST Input Capacitance V CIN Output High Voltage VOH ISOURCE = 0.5mA, DVDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, AVDD = +5.25V Output Low Voltage VOL ISINK = 1.6mA, DVDD = +2.7V to +5.25V, AVDD = +5.25V Three-State Leakage Current IOZ D0–D15 Three-State Output Capacitance COZ 0.3 × DVDD V ±1 µA 0.1 V 15 pF DVDD 0.4 V ±0.1 0.4 V ±10 µA 15 pF POWER REQUIREMENTS Analog Supply Voltage AVDD Digital Supply DVDD 4.75 2.7 Internal reference Analog Supply Current IAVDD External reference 165ksps 2.7 100ksps 2.0 10ksps 1.0 1ksps 1.0 165ksps 1.8 100ksps 1.1 10ksps 0.1 1ksps 0.01 5.25 V AVDD V 3.2 2.3 mA _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX1165/MAX1166 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) MAX1165/MAX1166 Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (AVDD = DVDD = +5V, external reference = +4.096V, CREF = 4.7µF, CREFADJ = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) PARAMETER Digital Supply Current SYMBOL IDVDD CONDITIONS D0–D15 = all zeros Full power-down Shutdown Supply Current Power-Supply Rejection Ratio ISHDN PSRR REF and REF buffer enabled (standby mode) MIN TYP MAX 165ksps 0.5 0.7 100ksps 0.3 10ksps 0.03 UNITS mA 1ksps 0.003 IAVDD IDVDD 0.5 5 0.5 5 IAVDD 1.0 1.2 mA IDVDD (Note 3) 0.5 5 µA AVDD = +5V ±5%, full-scale input (Note 4) 68 µA dB TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Figures 1 and 2) (AVDD = +4.75V to +5.25V, DVDD = +2.7V to AVDD, external reference = +4.096V, CREF = 4.7µF, CREFADJ = 0.1µF, CLOAD = 20pF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) PARAMETER SYMBOL Acquisition Time tACQ Conversion Time tCONV CS Pulse Width High tCSH CS Pulse Width Low (Note 5) tCSL R/C to CS Fall Setup Time tDS R/C to CS Fall Hold Time tDH CS to Output Data Valid tDO HBEN Transition to Output Data Valid (MAX1166 Only) tDO1 EOC Fall to CS Fall CS Rise to EOC Rise Bus Relinquish Time (Note 5) CONDITIONS tBR TYP MAX 1.1 4.7 (Note 5) 40 VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V 40 VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V 60 VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V 40 VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V 60 UNITS µs ns ns 0 ns ns VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V 40 VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V 80 VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V 40 VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V 80 tDV tEOC MIN 0 ns ns ns VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V 40 VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V 80 VDVDD = 4.75V to 5.25V 40 VDVDD = 2.7V to 5.25V 80 ns ns Note 1: Relative accuracy is the deviation of the analog value at any code from its theoretical value after offset and gain errors have been removed. Note 2: Offset nulled. Note 3: Shutdown supply currents are typically 0.5µA, maximum specification is limited by automated test equipment. Note 4: Defined as the change in positive full scale caused by a ±5% variation in the nominal supply. Note 5: To ensure best performance, finish reading the data and wait tBR before starting a new acquisition. 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface INL vs. OUTPUT CODE DNL (LSB) 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 0 -0.5 -0.5 -1.0 -1.0 -1.5 -1.5 MAX1165/66 toc03 1.0 1.5 10 1 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 1.5 MAX1165/66 toc02 2.0 MAX1165/66 toc01 2.0 INL (LSB) IAVDD + IDVDD SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SAMPLE RATE DNL vs. OUTPUT CODE 0.1 0.01 0.001 -2.0 -2.0 0 16384 32768 49152 65536 16384 32768 49152 66536 10 100 IAVDD + IDVDD SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE IAVDD + IDVDD SHUTDOWN CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE INTERNAL REFERENCE vs. TEMPERATURE 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0 20 40 60 -40 80 -20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) OFFSET ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE 600 200 0 -200 -400 -40 0.010 0 -0.005 60 50 40 30 20 0 60 80 80 70 0.005 10 40 60 80 -0.020 20 40 90 -1000 0 20 SINAD vs. FREQUENCY -0.015 TEMPERATURE (°C) 0 100 -800 -20 -20 TEMPERATURE (°C) -0.010 -600 4.076 80 0.015 GAIN ERROR (%FSR) 400 4.086 SINAD (dB) 800 60 0.020 MAX1165/66 toc07 1000 4.096 MAX1165/66 toc08 -20 4.106 4.056 0 0 4.116 4.066 0.5 SAMPLE RATE = 165ksps MAX1165/66 toc06 MAX1165/66 toc05 3.5 4.126 MAX1165/66 toc09 1.0 4.0 1000 4.136 INTERNAL REFERENCE (V) 1.5 4.5 SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA) MAX1165/66 toc04 2.0 5.0 0.5 OFFSET ERROR (µV) 1 SAMPLE RATE (ksps) 2.5 -40 0.1 OUTPUT CODE 3.0 -40 0.01 OUTPUT CODE 3.5 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 0.0001 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 TEMPERATURE (°C) 60 80 SAMPLE RATE = 165ksps 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX1165/MAX1166 Typical Operating Characteristics (AVDD = DVDD = +5V, external reference = +4.096V, CREF = 4.7µF, CREFADJ = 0.1µF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (AVDD = DVDD = +5V, external reference = +4.096V, CREF = 4.7µF, CREFADJ = 0.1µF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) THD vs. FREQUENCY SFDR vs. FREQUENCY -20 -40 SFDR (dB) THD (dB) -30 -50 90 80 70 -100 60 50 40 30 20 10 -110 0 -60 -70 -80 -90 1 0.1 10 MAX1165/66 toc11 SAMPLE RATE = 165ksps -10 120 110 100 MAX1165/66 toc10 0 SAMPLE RATE = 165ksps 0.1 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) SNR (dB) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 40 FREQUENCY (kHz) 6 100 60 80 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MAX1165/66 toc13 MAX1165/66 toc12 SAMPLE RATE = 165ksps -20 20 10 SNR vs. FREQUENCY FFT AT 1kHz 0 1 FREQUENCY (kHz) 0 MAGNITUDE (dB) MAX1165/MAX1166 Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface SAMPLE RATE = 165ksps 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface PIN NAME FUNCTION MAX1165 MAX1166 MAX1165 MAX1166 1 1 D8 D4/D12 Three-State Digital Data Output 2 3 2 D9 D5/D13 Three-State Digital Data Output 3 D10 D6/D14 Three-State Digital Data Output 4 4 D11 D7/D15 Three-State Digital Data Output. D15 is the MSB. 5 — D12 — Three-State Digital Data Output 6 — D13 — Three-State Digital Data Output 7 — D14 — Three-State Digital Data Output 8 — D15 — Three-State Digital Data Output (MSB) R/C Read/Convert Input. Power up and put the MAX1165/MAX1166 in acquisition mode by holding R/C low during the first falling edge of CS. During the second falling edge of CS, the level on R/C determines whether the reference and reference buffer power down or remain on after conversion. Set R/C high during the second falling edge of CS to power down the reference and buffer, or set R/C low to leave the reference and buffer powered up. Set R/C high during the third falling edge of CS to put valid data on the bus. 6 EOC End of Conversion. EOC drives low when conversion is complete. 7 AVDD Analog Supply Input. Bypass with a 0.1µF capacitor to AGND. 12 8 AGND 13 9 AIN 14 10 AGND 15 11 REFADJ 16 12 REF 17 — RESET Reset Input. Logic high resets the device. — 13 HBEN High-Byte Enable Input. Used to multiplex the 14-bit conversion result: 1: Most significant byte available on the data bus. 0: Least significant byte available on the data bus. 18 14 CS 19 15 DGND 9 5 10 11 Analog Ground. Primary analog ground (star ground). Analog Input Analog Ground. Connect pin 14 to pin 12 (MAX1165). Connect pin 10 to pin 8 (MAX1166). Reference Buffer Output. Bypass REFADJ with a 0.1µF capacitor to AGND for internal reference mode. Connect REFADJ to AVDD to select external reference mode. Reference Input/Output. Bypass REF with a 4.7µF capacitor to AGND for internal reference mode. External reference input when in external reference mode. Convert Start. The first falling edge of CS powers up the device and enables acquire mode when R/C is low. The second falling edge of CS starts conversion. The third falling edge of CS loads the result onto the bus when R/C is high. Digital Ground 20 16 21 17 D0 DVDD D0/D8 Three-State Digital Data Output Digital Supply Voltage. Bypass with a 0.1µF capacitor to DGND. 22 18 D1 D1/D9 Three-State Digital Data Output 23 19 D2 D2/D10 Three-State Digital Data Output 24 20 D3 D3/D11 Three-State Digital Data Output 25 — D4 — Three-State Digital Data Output 26 — D5 — Three-State Digital Data Output 27 — D6 — Three-State Digital Data Output 28 — D7 — Three-State Digital Data Output _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX1165/MAX1166 Pin Description MAX1165/MAX1166 Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface Analog Input DVDD The equivalent input circuit is shown in Figure 4. A switched capacitor digital-to-analog converter (DAC) provides an inherent T/H function. The single-ended input is connected between AIN and AGND. 1mA D0–D15 D0–D15 CLOAD = 20pF Input Bandwidth CLOAD = 20pF 1mA The ADC’s input-tracking circuitry has a 4MHz smallsignal bandwidth, so it is possible to digitize highspeed transient events and measure periodic signals with bandwidths exceeding the ADC’s sampling rate by using undersampling techniques. To avoid aliasing of unwanted high-frequency signals into the frequency band of interest, use anti-alias filtering. DGND DGND a) HIGH-Z TO VOH, VOL TO VOH, AND VOH TO HIGH-Z b) HIGH-Z TO VOL, VOH TO VOL, AND VOL TO HIGH-Z Figure 1. Load Circuits Detailed Description Converter Operation The MAX1165/MAX1166 use a successive-approximation (SAR) conversion technique with an inherent trackand-hold (T/H) stage to convert an analog input into a 16-bit digital output. Parallel outputs provide a highspeed interface to most microprocessors (µPs). The Functional Diagram shows a simplified internal architecture of the MAX1165/MAX1166. Figure 3 shows a typical application circuit for the MAX1166. Analog Input Protection Internal protection diodes, which clamp the analog input to AVDD and/or AGND, allow the input to swing from AGND - 0.3V to AVDD + 0.3V, without damaging the device. If the analog input exceeds 300mV beyond the supplies, limit the input current to 10mA. tCSH tCSL CS tACQ REF POWERDOWN BIT R/C tDH tDS tDV tEOC EOC tCONV HIGH-Z D0–D15 tBR tDO HIGH-Z DATA VALID HBEN* tDO1 D8/D15– D0/D7* HIGH-/LOWBYTE VALID tBR HIGH-/LOWBYTE VALID *HBEN AND BYTE-WIDE DATA BUS AVAILABLE ON MAX1166 ONLY. Figure 2. MAX1165/MAX1166 Timing Diagram 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface REF +5V DIGITAL TRACK ZERO CSWITCH 3pF AVDD ANALOG INPUT µP DATA BUS DVDD HOLD AGND D0–D7 OR D8–D15 AIN CAPACITIVE DAC AIN 0.1µF 0.1µF CDAC = 32pF RIN 800Ω HOLD TRACK AUTOZERO RAIL MAX1166 EOC R/C CS HIGH BYTE HBEN REF Figure 4. Equivalent Input Circuit REFADJ AGND DGND 0.1µF 4.7µF LOW BYTE Figure 3. Typical Application Circuit for the MAX1166 Track and Hold (T/H) In track mode, the analog signal is acquired on the internal hold capacitor. In hold mode, the T/H switches open and the capacitive DAC samples the analog input. During the acquisition, the analog input (AIN) charges capacitor CDAC. The acquisition ends on the second falling edge of CS. At this instant, the T/H switches open. The retained charge on CDAC represents a sample of the input. In hold mode, the capacitive DAC adjusts during the remainder of the conversion time to restore node ZERO to zero within the limits of 16-bit resolution. Force CS low to put valid data on the bus at the end of the conversion. The time required for the T/H to acquire an input signal is a function of how quickly its input capacitance is charged. If the input signal’s source impedance is high, the acquisition time lengthens and more time must be allowed between conversions. The acquisition time (tACQ) is the maximum time the device takes to acquire the signal. Use the following formula to calculate acquisition time: tACQ = 11 (RS + RIN) ✕ 35pF where R IN = 800Ω, R S = the input signal’s source impedance, and t ACQ is never less than 1.1µs. A source impedance less than 1kΩ does not significantly affect the ADC’s performance. To improve the input signal bandwidth under AC conditions, drive AIN with a wideband buffer (>4MHz) that can drive the ADC’s input capacitance and settle quickly. Power-Down Modes Select standby mode or shutdown mode with the R/C bit during the second falling edge of CS (see the Selecting Standby or Shutdown Mode section). The MAX1165/MAX1166 automatically enter either standby mode (reference and buffer on) or shutdown (reference and buffer off) after each conversion depending on the status of R/C during the second falling edge of CS. Internal Clock The MAX1165/MAX1166 generate an internal conversion clock. This frees the microprocessor from the burden of running the SAR conversion clock. Total conversion time after entering hold mode (second falling edge of CS) to end of conversion (EOC) falling is 4.7µs (max). Applications Information Starting a Conversion CS and R/C control acquisition and conversion in the MAX1165/MAX1166 (Figure 2). The first falling edge of CS powers up the device and puts it in acquire mode if R/C is low. The convert start is ignored if R/C is high. The MAX1165/MAX1166 need at least 10ms (CREFADJ = 0.1µF, CREF = 4.7µF) for the internal reference to wake up and settle before starting the conversion if powering up from shutdown. The ADC can wake up, from shutdown, to an unknown state. Put the ADC in a known state by completing one “dummy” conversion. The MAX1165/MAX1166 are in a known state, ready for actual data acquisition, after the completion of the dummy conversion. A dummy conversion consists of one full conversion cycle. The MAX1165 provides an alternative reset function to reset the device (see the RESET section). _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX1165/MAX1166 +5V ANALOG MAX1165/MAX1166 Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface ACQUISITION CS CONVERSION DATA OUT CS REF POWERDOWN BIT CONVERSION ACQUISITION R/C R/C EOC EOC REF AND BUFFER REF AND BUFFER DATA OUT REF POWERDOWN BIT Figure 6. Selecting Shutdown Mode Figure 5. Selecting Standby Mode Selecting Standby or Shutdown Mode The MAX1165/MAX1166 have a selectable standby or low-power shutdown mode. In standby mode, the ADC’s internal reference and reference buffer do not power down between conversions, eliminating the need to wait for the reference to power up before performing the next conversion. Shutdown mode powers down the reference and reference buffer after completing a conversion. The reference and reference buffer require a minimum of 10ms (CREFADJ = 0.1µF, CREF = 4.7µF) to power up and settle from shutdown. The state of R/C at the second falling edge of CS selects which power-down mode the MAX1165/ MAX1166 enter upon conversion completion. Holding R/C low causes the MAX1165/MAX1166 to enter standby mode. The reference and buffer are left on after the conversion completes. R/C high causes the MAX1165/ MAX1166 to enter shutdown mode and shut down the reference and buffer after conversion (Figures 5 and 6). When using an external reference, set the REF powerdown bit high for lowest current operation. Standby Mode While in standby mode, the supply current is reduced to less than 1mA (typ). The next falling edge of CS with R/C low causes the MAX1165/MAX1166 to exit standby mode and begin acquisition. The reference and reference buffer remain active to allow quick turn-on time. Standby mode allows significant power savings while running at the maximum sample rate. causes the reference and buffer to wake up and enter acquisition mode. To achieve 16-bit accuracy, allow 10ms (CREFADJ = 0.1µF, CREF = 4.7µF) for the internal reference to wake up. Internal and External Reference Internal Reference The internal reference of the MAX1165/MAX1166 is internally buffered to provide +4.096V output at REF. Bypass REF to AGND and REFADJ to AGND with 4.7µF and 0.1µF, respectively. Fine adjustments can be made to the internal reference voltage by sinking or sourcing current at REFADJ. The input impedance of REFADJ is nominally 5kΩ. The internal reference voltage is adjustable to ±1.5% with the circuit of Figure 7. +5V 68kΩ 100kΩ MAX1165 MAX1166 REFADJ 0.1µF 150kΩ Figure 7. MAX1165/MAX1166 Reference Adjust Circuit Shutdown Mode In shutdown mode, the reference and reference buffer are shut down between conversions. Shutdown mode reduces supply current to 0.5µA (typ) immediately after the conversion. The falling edge of CS with R/C low 10 External Reference An external reference can be placed at either the input (REFADJ) or the output (REF) of the MAX1165/ MAX1166s’ internal buffer amplifier. When connecting an ______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface Reading a Conversion Result EOC is provided to flag the microprocessor when a conversion is complete. The falling edge of EOC signals that the data is valid and ready to be output to the bus. D0–D15 are the parallel outputs of the MAX1165/ MAX1166. These three-state outputs allow for direct connection to a microcontroller I/O bus. The outputs remain high-impedance during acquisition and conversion. Data is loaded onto the bus with the third falling edge of CS with R/C high after tDO. Bringing CS high forces the output bus back to high impedance. The MAX1165/MAX1166 then wait for the next falling edge of CS to start the next conversion cycle (Figure 2). The MAX1165 loads the conversion result onto a 16-bit wide data bus while the MAX1166 has a byte-wide output format. HBEN toggles the output between the most/least significant byte. The least significant byte is loaded onto the output bus when HBEN is low and the most significant byte is on the bus when HBEN is high (Figure 2). OUTPUT CODE FULL-SCALE TRANSITION 11...111 11...110 11...101 FS = VREF 1LSB = VREF 65536 00...011 00...010 00...001 00...000 0 1 2 3 FS INPUT VOLTAGE (LSB) FS - 3/2LSB Figure 8. MAX1165/MAX1166 Transfer Function plexed, the input channel should be switched immediately after acquisition, rather than near the end of or after a conversion. This allows more time for the input buffer amplifier to respond to a large step change in input signal. The input amplifier must have a high enough slew rate to complete the required output voltage change before the beginning of the acquisition time. At the beginning of acquisition, the internal sampling capacitor array connects to AIN (the amplifier output), causing some output disturbance. Ensure that the sampled voltage has settled to within the required limits before the end of the acquisition time. If the frequency of interest is low, AIN can be bypassed with a large enough capacitor to charge the internal sampling capacitor with very little ripple. However, for AC use, AIN must be driven by a wideband buffer (at least 10MHz), which must be stable with the ADC’s capacitive load (in parallel with any AIN bypass capacitor used) and also settle quickly. An example of this circuit using the MAX4434 is given in Figure 9. RESET Toggle RESET with CS high. The next falling edge of CS begins acquisition. This reset is an alternative to the dummy conversion explained in the Starting a Conversion section. Transfer Function Figure 8 shows the MAX1165/MAX1166 output transfer function. The output is coded in standard binary. MAX1165 MAX1166 10Ω AIN ANALOG INPUT 40pF MAX4434 Input Buffer Most applications require an input buffer amplifier to achieve 16-bit accuracy. If the input signal is multi- Figure 9. MAX1165/MAX1166 Fast Settling Input Buffer ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX1165/MAX1166 external reference to REFADJ, the input impedance is typically 5kΩ. Using the buffered REFADJ input makes buffering the external reference unnecessary; however, the internal buffer output must be bypassed at REF with a 1µF capacitor. Connect REFADJ to AVDD to disable the internal buffer. Directly drive REF using an external reference. During conversion the external reference must be able to drive 100µA of DC load current and have an output impedance of 10Ω or less. REFADJ’s impedance is typically 5kΩ. The DC input impedance of REF is a minimum 40kΩ. For optimal performance, buffer the reference through an op amp and bypass REF with a 1µF capacitor. Consider the MAX1165/MAX1166s’ equivalent input noise (38µVRMS) when choosing a reference. MAX1165/MAX1166 Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface Layout, Grounding, and Bypassing For best performance, use printed circuit boards. Do not run analog and digital lines parallel to each other, and do not lay out digital signal paths underneath the ADC package. Use separate analog and digital ground planes with only one point connecting the two ground systems (analog and digital) as close to the device as possible. Route digital signals far away from sensitive analog and reference inputs. If digital lines must cross analog lines, do so at right angles to minimize coupling digital noise onto the analog lines. If the analog and digital sections share the same supply, then isolate the digital and analog supply by connecting them with a low-value (10Ω) resistor or ferrite bead. The ADC is sensitive to high-frequency noise on the AV DD supply. Bypass AV DD to AGND with a 0.1µF capacitor in parallel with a 1µF to 10µF low-ESR capacitor with the smallest capacitor closest to the device. Keep capacitor leads short to minimize stray inductance. Definitions Integral Nonlinearity Integral nonlinearity (INL) is the deviation of the values on an actual transfer function from a straight line. This straight line can be either a best-straight-line fit or a line drawn between the end points of the transfer function, once offset and gain errors have been nullified. The static linearity parameters for the MAX1165/MAX1166 are measured using the end-point method. Differential Nonlinearity Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between an actual step width and the ideal value of 1 LSB. A DNL error specification of ±1 LSB guarantees no missing codes and a monotonic transfer function. Aperture Jitter and Delay Aperture jitter is the sample-to-sample variation in the time between samples. Aperture delay is the time between the rising edge of the sampling clock and the instant when the actual sample is taken. Signal-to-Noise Ratio For a waveform perfectly reconstructed from digital samples, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio of the full-scale analog input (RMS value) to the RMS quantization error (residual error). The ideal, theoretical minimum analog-to-digital noise is caused by quantization 12 noise error only and results directly from the ADC’s resolution (N bits): SNR = (6.02 ✕ N + 1.76)dB where N = 16 bits. In reality, there are other noise sources besides quantization noise: thermal noise, reference noise, clock jitter, etc. SNR is computed by taking the ratio of the RMS signal to the RMS noise, which includes all spectral components minus the fundamental, the first five harmonics, and the DC offset. Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion Signal-to-noise plus distortion (SINAD) is the ratio of the fundamental input frequency’s RMS amplitude to the RMS equivalent of all the other ADC output signals: SignalRMS SINAD (dB) = 20 × log ( + ) Noise Distortion RMS Effective Number of Bits Effective number of bits (ENOB) indicates the global accuracy of an ADC at a specific input frequency and sampling rate. An ideal ADC’s error consists of quantization noise only. With an input range equal to the fullscale range of the ADC, calculate the effective number of bits as follows: ENOB = SINAD − 1.76 6.02 Total Harmonic Distortion Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS sum of the first five harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. This is expressed as: 2 2 2 2 V2 + V3 + V4 + V5 THD = 20 × log V1 where V1 is the fundamental amplitude and V2 through V5 are the 2nd- through 5th-order harmonics. Spurious-Free Dynamic Range Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the ratio of the RMS amplitude of the fundamental (maximum signal component) to the RMS value of the next largest frequency component. ______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface HBEN* REFADJ AVDD AGND DVDD DGND 5kΩ REFERENCE OUTPUT REGISTERS 16 OR 8* 16 OR 8* D0–D15 OR D0/D7–D8/D15* REF AIN CAPACITIVE DAC MAX1165 MAX1166 AGND RESET** CLOCK CS SUCCESSIVEAPPROXIMATION REGISTER AND CONTROL LOGIC EOC R/C * BYTE WIDE (MAX1166 ONLY) **16-BIT WIDE (MAX1165 ONLY) Ordering Information (continued) PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE INL MAX1166ACUP* 0°C to +70°C 20 TSSOP ±2 MAX1166BCUP 0°C to +70°C 20 TSSOP ±2 MAX1166CCUP 0°C to +70°C 20 TSSOP ±4 MAX1166AEUP* -40°C to +85°C 20 TSSOP ±2 MAX1166BEUP* -40°C to +85°C 20 TSSOP ±2 MAX1166CEUP* -40°C to +85°C 20 TSSOP ±4 Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT: 15,140 PROCESS: BiCMOS *Future product—contact factory for availability. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 MAX1165/MAX1166 Functional Diagram Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface MAX1165/MAX1166 Pin Configurations TOP VIEW D8 1 28 D7 D4/D12 1 20 D3/D11 D9 2 27 D6 D5/D13 2 19 D2/D10 D10 3 26 D5 D6/D14 3 18 D1/D9 25 D4 D7/D15 4 17 D0/D8 24 D3 R/C 5 D11 4 D12 5 MAX1165 MAX1166 16 DVDD 23 D2 EOC 6 D14 7 22 D1 AVDD 7 14 CS D15 8 21 D0 AGND 8 13 HBEN R/C 9 20 DVDD AIN 9 EOC 10 19 DGND AGND 10 D13 6 AVDD 11 18 CS AGND 12 17 RESET AIN 13 15 DGND 12 REF 11 REFADJ TSSOP 16 REF AGND 14 15 REFADJ TSSOP 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Low-Power, 16-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter with Parallel Interface TSSOP.EPS Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 15 © 2002 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products. MAX1165/MAX1166 Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)