FEATURES High efficiency: 92% @ 12Vin, 3.3V/16A out Small size and low profile: (SIP) 50.8 x 12.7 x 9.5mm (2.00” x 0.50” x 0.37”) Standard footprint Voltage and resistor-based trim Pre-bias startup Output voltage tracking No minimum load required Output voltage programmable from 0.75Vdc to 5Vdc via external resistor Fixed frequency operation (300KHz) Input UVLO, output OTP, OCP Remote ON/OFF(default:positive) Remote sense ISO 9001, TL 9000, ISO 14001, QS 9000, OHSAS 18001 certified manufacturing facility UL/cUL 60950 (US & Canada) Recognized, and TUV (EN60950) certified. CE mark meets 73/23/EEC and Delphi DNL, Non-Isolated Point of Load 93/68/EEC directives DC/DC Power Modules: 8.3-14Vin, 0.75-5.0V/16A out The Delphi series DNL, 8.3~14V input, single output, non-isolated point of load DC/DC converters are the latest offering from a world leader in power systems technology and manufacturing ― Delta Electronics, Inc. The DNL series provides a programmable output voltage from 0.75V to 5.0V through an external trimming resistor. The DNL converters have OPTIONS Negative On/Off logic Tracking feature SMD package flexible and programmable tracking and sequencing features to enable a variety of sequencing and tracking between several point of load power modules. This product family is available in a surface mount or SIP package and provides up to 16A of output current in an industry standard APPLICATIONS footprint and pinout. With creative design technology and optimization of Telecom/DataCom component placement, these converters possess outstanding electrical Distributed power architectures and thermal performance and extremely high reliability under highly Servers and workstations stressful operating conditions. DATASHEET DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 LAN/WAN applications Data processing applications TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TA = 25°C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 8.3Vdc and 14Vdc, nominal Vout unless otherwise noted. PARAMETER NOTES and CONDITIONS DNL10S0A0R16NFD Min. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage (Continuous) Tracking Voltage Operating Temperature Storage Temperature INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Maximum Input Current No-Load Input Current Off Converter Input Current Inrush Transient Recommended Input Fuse OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point Output Voltage Adjustable Range Output Voltage Regulation Over Line Over Load Over Temperature Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak RMS Output Current Range Output Voltage Over-shoot at Start-up Output DC Current-Limit Inception Output Short-Circuit Current (Hiccup mode) DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Dynamic Load Response Positive Step Change in Output Current Negative Step Change in Output Current Settling Time( Vo < 10% Peak Deviation ) Turn-On Transient Start-Up Time, From On/Off Control Start-Up Time, From Input Output Voltage Rise Time Output Capacitive Load EFFICIENCY Vo=0.75V Vo=1.2V Vo=1.5V Vo=1.8V Vo=2.5V Vo=3.3V Vo=5.0V FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency ON/OFF Control, (Negative logic) Logic Low Voltage Logic High Voltage Logic Low Current Logic High Current ON/OFF Control, (Positive Logic) Logic High Voltage Logic Low Voltage Logic High Current Logic Low Current Tracking Slew Rate Capability Tracking Delay Time Tracking Accuracy Remote Sense Range GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS MTBF Weight Over-Temperature Shutdown DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 Refer to Figure 31 for the measuring point Vo,set≦3.63Vdc Vo,set＞3.63Vdc Typ. 0 0 -40 -55 8.3 8.3 12 12 Max. Units 15 Vin,max +125 +125 Vdc Vdc °C °C 14 13.2 7.9 7.8 Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max, Io=Io,max 0.4 15 V V A mA mA A2S A +2.0 5 % Vo,set V +3.5 % Vo,set % Vo,set % Vo,set % Vo,set 11 100 2 Vin= Vin,min to Vin,max, Io=Io,min to Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=Vin,min to Vin,max Io=Io,min to Io,max Ta= -40℃ to 85℃ Over sample load, line and temperature 5Hz to 20MHz bandwidth Vin=min to max, Io=min to max1µF ceramic, 10µF Tan Vin=min to max, Io=min to max1µF ceramic, 10µF Tan -2.0 0.7525 Vo,set 0.3 0.4 0.4 -2.5 50 15 180 3 mV mV A % Vo,set % Io Adc 200 200 25 mVpk mVpk µs 0 Vout=3.3V Io,s/c 10µF Tan & 1µF ceramic load cap, 2.5A/µs, Vin=12V 50% Io, max to 100% Io, max 100% Io, max to 50% Io, max Io=Io.max Von/off, Vo=10% of Vo,set Vin=Vin,min, Vo=10% of Vo,set Time for Vo to rise from 10% to 90% of Vo,set Full load; ESR ≧1mΩ Full load; ESR ≧10mΩ 5 5 4 Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Vin=12V, Io=Io,max Module On, Von/off Module Off, Von/off Module On, Ion/off Module Off, Ion/off Module On, Von/off Module Off, Von/off Module On, Ion/off Module Off, Ion/off Delay from Vin.min to application of tracking voltage Power-up, subject to 2V/mS Power-down, subject to 1V/mS Io=80%Io, max, Ta=25℃ Refer to Figure 31 for the measuring point V V 75 30 16 1 6 1000 5000 ms ms ms µF µF 79.5 85.0 87.0 89.0 91.0 92.0 94.0 % % % % % % % 300 kHz -0.2 2.5 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.1 10 100 200 4.28 12 130 0.3 Vin,max 10 1 V V uA mA Vin,max 0.3 10 1 2 V V uA mA V/msec ms mV mV V 200 400 0.1 M hours grams °C 2 85 EFFICIENCY(%) EFFICIENCY(%) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES 75 65 Vin=8.3V 55 Vn=12V Vin=14V 45 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 15 Vin=8.3V Vin=12V Vin=14V 1 3 5 7 13 Figure 1: Converter efficiency vs. output current (0.75V output voltage) Figure 2: Converter efficiency vs. output current (1.2V output voltage) 95 95 90 90 85 80 Vin=8.3V 75 Vin=12V 70 Vin=14V 65 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 80 Vin=8.3V 75 Vin=12V 70 Vin=14V 65 15 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 100 100 95 95 90 9090 85 80 80 80 70 7570 Vin=8.3V Vin=8.3V Vin=12V Vin=12V Vin=14V Vin=14V 7060 1 33 3 55 5 77 7 99 9 11 11 11 13 13 LOAD (A)(A) LOAD (A) LOAD Figure 5: Converter efficiency vs. output current (2.5V output voltage) DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 15 EFFICIENCY(%) Figure 4: Converter efficiency vs. output current (1.8V output voltage) 11 15 LOAD (A) Figure 3: Converter efficiency vs. output current (1.5V output voltage) 60 15 85 LOAD (A) EFFICIENCY(%) EFFICIENCY(%) 11 LOAD (A) EFFICIENCY(%) EFFICIENCY(%) LOAD (A) 9 90 85 Vin=8.3V 80 Vin=12V Vin=14V 75 15 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 LOAD (A) Figure 6: Converter efficiency vs. output current (3.3V output voltage) 3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES EFFICIENCY(%) 100 95 90 Vin=8.3V 85 Vin=12V 80 Vin=13.2V 75 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 LOAD (A) Figure 7: Converter efficiency vs. output current (5.0V output voltage) Figure 8: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 2.5V/16A out Figure 9: Output ripple & noise at 12Vin, 5.0V/16A out Vin Remote On/Off Vo Vo Figure 10: Turn on delay time at 12vin, 5.0V/16A out DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 Figure 11: Turn on delay time at Remote On/Off, 5.0V/16A out 4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES Remote On/Off Vo Figure 12: Turn on Using Remote On/Off with external capacitors (Co= 5000 µF), 5.0V/16A out Figure 13: Typical transient response to step load change at 2.5A/µS from 100% to 50% of Io, max at 12Vin, 5.0V out (Cout = 1uF ceramic, 10µF tantalum) Figure 14: Typical transient response to step load change at 2.5A/µS from 50% to 100% of Io, max at 12Vin, 5.0V out (Cout = 1uF ceramic, 10µF tantalum) Figure 15: Output short circuit current 12Vin, 0.75Vout (10A/div) Figure 16: Turn on with Prebias 12Vin, 5V/0A out, Vbias =3.3Vdc DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 5 TEST CONFIGURATIONS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Input Source Impedance TO OSCILLOSCOPE L VI(+) 2 100uF Tantalum BATTERY VI(-) Note: Input reflected-ripple current is measured with a simulated source inductance. Current is measured at the input of the module. Figure 17: Input reflected-ripple test setup To maintain low-noise and ripple at the input voltage, it is critical to use low ESR capacitors at the input to the module. Figure 20 shows the input ripple voltage (mVp-p) for various output models using 6x47uF low ESR tantalum capacitors (SANYO P/N:16TQC47M, 47uF/16V or equivalent) and 6x22 uF very low ESR ceramic capacitors (TDK P/N:C3225X7S1C226MT, 22uF/16V or equivalent). The input capacitance should be able to handle an AC ripple current of at least: Irms = Iout COPPER STRIP Vout ⎛ Vout ⎞ ⎜1 − ⎟ Vin ⎝ Vin ⎠ Arms Vo Resistive Load GND Note: Use a 10µF tantalum and 1µF capacitor. Scope measurement should be made using a BNC connector. Figure 18: Peak-peak output noise and startup transient measurement test setup 350 Input Ripple Voltage (mVp-p) 1uF 10uF SCOPE tantalum ceramic 300 250 200 150 100 Tantalum Ceramic 50 0 0 CONTACT AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES VI 1 2 3 4 5 6 Output Voltage (Vdc) Vo I Io LOAD SUPPLY GND Figure 20: Input ripple voltage for various output models, Io = 16A (Cin = 6x47uF tantalum capacitors and 6x22uF ceramic capacitors at the input) CONTACT RESISTANCE Figure 19: Output voltage and efficiency measurement test setup Note: All measurements are taken at the module terminals. When the module is not soldered (via socket), place Kelvin connections at module terminals to avoid measurement errors due to contact resistance. η =( Vo × Io ) × 100 % Vi × Ii DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 6 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS (CON.) FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS The power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. Highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the module. An input capacitance must be placed close to the modules input pins to filter ripple current and ensure module stability in the presence of inductive traces that supply the input voltage to the module. Remote On/Off Safety Considerations For safety-agency approval the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standards. For the converter output to be considered meeting the requirements of safety extra-low voltage (SELV), the input must meet SELV requirements. The power module has extra-low voltage (ELV) outputs when all inputs are ELV. The input to these units is to be provided with a maximum 15A of glass type fast-acting fuse in the ungrounded lead. The DNL series power modules have an On/Off pin for remote On/Off operation. Both positive and negative On/Off logic options are available in the DNL series power modules. For positive logic module, connect an open collector (NPN) transistor or open drain (N channel) MOSFET between the On/Off pin and the GND pin (see figure 21). Positive logic On/Off signal turns the module ON during the logic high and turns the module OFF during the logic low. When the positive On/Off function is not used, leave the pin floating or tie to Vin (module will be On). For negative logic module, the On/Off pin is pulled high with an external pull-up resistor (see figure 22) Negative logic On/Off signal turns the module OFF during logic high and turns the module ON during logic low. If the negative On/Off function is not used, leave the pin floating or tie to GND. (module will be On) Vo Vin ION/OFF RL On/Off GND Figure 21: Positive remote On/Off implementation Vo Vin Rpull-up ION/OFF On/Off RL GND Figure 22: Negative remote On/Off implementation Over-Current Protection To provide protection in an output over load fault condition, the unit is equipped with internal over-current protection. When the over-current protection is triggered, the unit enters hiccup mode. The units operate normally once the fault condition is removed. DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 7 FEATURES DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) Over-Temperature Protection The over-temperature protection consists of circuitry that provides protection from thermal damage. If the temperature exceeds the over-temperature threshold the module will shut down. The module will try to restart after shutdown. If the over-temperature condition still exists during restart, the module will shut down again. This restart trial will continue until the temperature is within specification Remote Sense The DNL provide Vo remote sensing to achieve proper regulation at the load points and reduce effects of distribution losses on output line. In the event of an open remote sense line, the module shall maintain local sense regulation through an internal resistor. The module shall correct for a total of 0.1V of loss. The remote sense line impedance shall be < 10Ω. Distribution Losses Distribution Losses Vin Vo For example, to program the output voltage of the DNL module to 3.3Vdc, Rtrim is calculated as follows: ⎛ 10500 − 1000 ⎞ ⋅ Ω ⎝ 2.5475 ⎠ Rtrim := ⎜ Rtrim = 3.122 kΩ DNL can also be programmed by applying a voltage between the TRIM and GND pins (Figure 25). The following equation can be used to determine the value of Vtrim needed for a desired output voltage Vo: Vtrim := 0.7 − ⎡⎣( Vo − 0.7525) ⋅ 0.0667⎤⎦ Vtrim is the external voltage in V Vo is the desired output voltage For example, to program the output voltage of a DNL module to 3.3 Vdc, Vtrim is calculated as follows Vtrim := 0.7 − ( 2.5475⋅ 0.0667) Vtrim = 0.530V Sense RL GND Distribution Losses Distribution Losses Figure 23: Effective circuit configuration for remote sense operation Output Voltage Programming The output voltage of the DNL can be programmed to any voltage between 0.75Vdc and 5.0Vdc by connecting one resistor (shown as Rtrim in Figure 24) between the TRIM and GND pins of the module. Without this external resistor, the output voltage of the module is 0.7525 Vdc. To calculate the value of the resistor Rtrim for a particular output voltage Vo, please use the following equation: Figure 24: Circuit configuration for programming output voltage using an external resistor ⎛ 10500 − 1000 ⎞ ⋅ Ω ⎝ Vo − 0.7525 ⎠ Rtrim := ⎜ Rtrim is the external resistor in Ω Vo is the desired output voltage DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 Figure 25: Circuit Configuration for programming output voltage using external voltage source 8 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) Table 1 provides Rtrim values required for some common output voltages, while Table 2 provides values of external voltage source, Vtrim, for the same common output voltages. By using a 1% tolerance trim resistor, set point tolerance of ±2% can be achieved as specified in the electrical specification. Table 1 VO (V) 0.7525 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.0 Rtrim (KΩ) Open 22.464 13.047 9.024 5.009 3.122 1.472 Table 2 VO (V) 0.7525 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.0 Vtrim (V) Open 0.670 0.650 0.630 0.583 0.530 0.4167 The amount of power delivered by the module is the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. When using the trim feature, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. Care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module must not exceed the maximum rated power (Vo.set x Io.max ≤ P max). Voltage Margining Output voltage margining can be implemented in the DNL modules by connecting a resistor, R margin-up, from the Trim pin to the ground pin for margining-up the output voltage and by connecting a resistor, Rmargin-down, from the Trim pin to the output pin for margining-down. Figure 26 shows the circuit configuration for output voltage margining. If unused, leave the trim pin unconnected. A calculation tool is available from the evaluation procedure which computes the values of Rmargin-up and Rmargin-down for a specific output voltage and margin percentage. Vin Vo Rmargin-down Q1 On/Off Trim Rmargin-up Rtrim Q2 GND Figure 26: Circuit configuration for output voltage margining Voltage Tracking The DNL family was designed for applications that have output voltage tracking requirements during power-up and power-down. The devices have a TRACK pin to implement three types of tracking method: sequential start-up, simultaneous and ratio-metric. TRACK simplifies the task of supply voltage tracking in a power system by enabling modules to track each other, or any external voltage, during power-up and power-down. By connecting multiple modules together, customers can get multiple modules to track their output voltages to the voltage applied on the TRACK pin. DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 9 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) The output voltage tracking feature (Figure 27 to Figure 29) is achieved according to the different external connections. If the tracking feature is not used, the TRACK pin of the module can be left unconnected or tied to Vin. For proper voltage tracking, input voltage of the tracking power module must be applied in advance, and the remote on/off pin has to be in turn-on status. (Negative logic: Tied to GND or unconnected. Positive logic: Tied to Vin or unconnected) PS1 PS1 PS2 PS2 +△V PS1 PS1 PS2 PS2 Figure 29: Ratio-metric Figure 27: Sequential start-up PS1 PS1 PS2 PS2 Figure 28: Simultaneous DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 10 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS (CON.) Sequential Start-up Ratio-Metric Sequential start-up (Figure 27) is implemented by placing an On/Off control circuit between VoPS1 and the On/Off pin of PS2. Ratio–metric (Figure 29) is implemented by placing the voltage divider on the TRACK pin that comprises R1 and R2, to create a proportional voltage with VoPS1 to the Track pin of PS2. PS1 PS2 Vin Vin VoPS1 VoPS2 R3 On/Off For Ratio-Metric applications that need the outputs of PS1 and PS2 reach the regulation set point at the same time R1 Q1 On/Off R2 The following equation can be used to calculate the value of R1 and R2. The suggested value of R2 is 10kΩ. C1 Vo, PS 2 Vo , PS1 Simultaneous Simultaneous tracking (Figure 28) is implemented by using the TRACK pin. The objective is to minimize the voltage difference between the power supply outputs during power up and down. = R2 R1 + R2 PS1 PS2 Vin Vin VoPS1 VoPS2 R1 TRACK The simultaneous tracking can be accomplished by connecting VoPS1 to the TRACK pin of PS2. Please note the voltage apply to TRACK pin needs to always higher than the VoPS2 set point voltage. R2 On/Off On/Off The high for positive logic The low for negative logic PS2 PS1 Vin Vin VoPS1 VoPS TRACK On/Off On/Off DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 11 THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS Thermal management is an important part of the system design. To ensure proper, reliable operation, sufficient cooling of the power module is needed over the entire temperature range of the module. Convection cooling is usually the dominant mode of heat transfer. Hence, the choice of equipment to characterize the thermal performance of the power module is a wind tunnel. Thermal Testing Setup Delta’s DC/DC power modules are characterized in heated vertical wind tunnels that simulate the thermal environments encountered in most electronics equipment. This type of equipment commonly uses vertically mounted circuit cards in cabinet racks in which the power modules are mounted. The following figure shows the wind tunnel characterization setup. The power module is mounted on a test PWB and is vertically positioned within the wind tunnel. The height of this fan duct is constantly kept at 25.4mm (1’’). Thermal Derating Heat can be removed by increasing airflow over the module. To enhance system reliability, the power module should always be operated below the maximum operating temperature. If the temperature exceeds the maximum module temperature, reliability of the unit may be affected. PWB FACING PWB MODULE AIR VELOCITY AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MEASURED BELOW THE MODULE 50.8 (2.0”) AIR FLOW 12.7 (0.5”) 25.4 (1.0”) Note: Wind Tunnel Test Setup Figure Dimensions are in millimeters and (Inches) Figure 30: Wind tunnel test setup DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 12 THERMAL CURVES 20 DNL10S0A0R16(Standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity @ Vin = 12V, Vo = 1.8V (Either Orientation) Output Current(A) 15 Natural Convection 100LFM 10 200LFM 300LFM 400LFM 5 500LFM 600LFM 0 Figure 31: Temperature measurement location * The allowed maximum hot spot temperature is defined at 125℃. 20 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Figure 34: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=1.8V(Either Orientation) 85 DNL10S0A0R16(Standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity @ Vin = 12V, Vo = 3.3V (Either Orientation) Output Current(A) 15 Natural Convection 100LFM 200LFM 10 300LFM 400LFM 5 500LFM 600LFM 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Ambient Temperature (℃) Figure 32: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=3.3V(Either Orientation) 20 DNL10S0A0R16(Standard) Output Current vs. Ambient Temperature and Air Velocity @ Vin = 12V, Vo = 2.5V (Either Orientation) Output Current(A) 15 Natural Convection 100LFM 10 200LFM 300LFM 400LFM 5 500LFM 600LFM 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Ambient Temperature (℃) Figure 33: Output current vs. ambient temperature and air velocity @ Vin=12V, Vout=2.5V(Either Orientation) DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 13 MECHANICAL DRAWING SMD PACKAGE (OPTIONAL) DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 SIP PACKAGE 14 PART NUMBERING SYSTEM DNL 10 S 0A0 R 16 N Product Series Input Voltage Numbers of Outputs Output Voltage Package Type Output Current On/Off logic DNL - 16A 04 - 2.8V ~ 5.5V S - Single 0A0 - R - SIP 16 -16A N- negative DNM -10A 10 - 8.3V ~14V Programmable S - SMD 10 -10A P- positive DNS - 6A F D Option Code F- RoHS 6/6 D- Standard Function (Lead Free) 06 - 6A MODEL LIST Model Name Packaging Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Current On/Off logic Efficiency 12Vin @ 100% load DNL10S0A0S16PFD SMD 8.3V ~ 14V 0.75V ~ 5.0V 16A Positive 92.0% (3.3V) DNL10S0A0S16NFD SMD 8.3V ~ 14V 0.75V ~ 5.0V 16A Negative 92.0% (3.3V) DNL10S0A0R16PFD SIP 8.3V ~ 14V 0.75V ~ 5.0V 16A Positive 92.0% (3.3V) DNL10S0A0R16NFD SIP 8.3V ~ 14V 0.75V ~ 5.0V 16A Negative 92.0% (3.3V) CONTACT: www.delta.com.tw/dcdc USA: Telephone: East Coast: (888) 335 8201 West Coast: (888) 335 8208 Fax: (978) 656 3964 Email: [email protected] Europe: Phone: +41 31 998 53 11 Fax: +41 31 998 53 53 Email: [email protected] Asia & the rest of world: Telephone: +886 3 4526107 ext 6220 Fax: +886 3 4513485 Email: [email protected] WARRANTY Delta offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our web site or is available upon request from Delta. Information furnished by Delta is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Delta for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties, which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Delta. Delta reserves the right to revise these specifications at any time, without notice. DS_DNL10SIP16_01262007 15