Product Folder Sample & Buy Support & Community Tools & Software Technical Documents LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 LMH6882 DC to 2.4-GHz, High-Linearity, Dual, Programmable Differential Amplifier 1 Features 3 Description • • • • • • • • • The LMH6882 is a high-speed, high-performance programmable differential amplifier. With a bandwidth of 2.4 GHz and high linearity of 42 dBm OIP3, the LMH6882 is suitable for a wide variety of signal conditioning applications. 1 Small Signal Bandwidth: 2400 MHz OIP3 @ 100 MHz: 42 dBm HD3 @ 100 MHz: −100 dBc Noise Figure: 9.7 dB Voltage Gain: 26 dB to 6 dB Voltage Gain Step Size: 0.25 dB Input Impedance: 100 Ω Parallel and Serial Gain Control Power Down Capability 2 Applications • • • • • • Microwave Backhaul Radio Receiver Zero IF Sampling In-Phase/Quadrature (I/Q) Sampling Medical Imaging RF/IF and Baseband Gain Blocks Differential Cable Driver OIP3 vs Voltage Gain 50 OIP3 (dBm) 45 The LMH6882 programmable differential amplifier combines the best of both fully differential amplifiers and variable-gain amplifiers. The device offers superior noise and distortion performance over the entire gain range without external resistors, enabling the use of just one device and one design for multiple applications requiring different gain settings. The LMH6882 is an easy-to-use amplifier that can replace both fully differential, fixed-gain amplifiers as well as variable-gain amplifiers. The LMH6882 requires no external gain-setting components and supports gain settings from 6 dB to 26 dB with small, accurate 0.25-dB gain steps. As shown in the adjacent voltage gain chart the gain steps are very accurate over the entire gain range. With an input impedance of 100 Ω, the LMH6882 is easy to drive from a variety of sources such as mixers or filters. The LMH6882 also supports 50-Ω single-ended signal sources and supports DC- and AC-coupled applications. Parallel gain control allows the LMH6882 to be soldered down in a fixed-gain so that no control circuit is required. If dynamic gain control is desired, the LMH6882 can be changed with SPI™ serial commands or with the parallel pins. 40 35 30 25 f = 100 MHz POUT= 4dBm / Tone 20 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) The LMH6882 is fabricated in TI’s CBiCMOS8 proprietary complementary silicon germanium process and is available in a space-saving, thermally enhanced 36-pin WQFN package. The same amplifier is offered in a single package as the LMH6881. Device Information(1) PART NUMBER LMH6882 PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM) WQFN (36) 6.00 mm × 6.00 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet. 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Features .................................................................. Applications ........................................................... Description ............................................................. Revision History..................................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 1 1 1 2 3 4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 4 4 4 4 5 7 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... ESD Ratings.............................................................. Recommended Operating Conditions....................... Thermal Information .................................................. Electrical Characteristics .......................................... Typical Characteristics .............................................. Detailed Description ............................................ 14 7.1 Overview ................................................................. 14 7.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 14 7.3 Feature Description................................................. 14 7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 15 7.5 Programming........................................................... 16 8 Application and Implementation ........................ 21 8.1 Application Information............................................ 21 8.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 26 9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 29 10 Layout................................................................... 29 10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 29 10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 30 10.3 Thermal Considerations ........................................ 31 11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 32 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Documentation Support ........................................ Trademarks ........................................................... Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ Glossary ................................................................ 32 32 32 32 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........................................................... 32 4 Revision History NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version. Changes from Revision C (March 2013) to Revision D • Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section .............................. 1 Changes from Revision B (March 2013) to Revision C • 2 Page Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ........................................................................................................... 29 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 5 Pin Configuration and Functions SD OC M VC VC C C GN D GN D D1 D2 D3 A NJK Package 36-Pins WQFN Top View 1 INMSA 10 NC INMDA OUTPA INPDA OUTMA INPSA NC GND D0 NC INPSB NC INPDB OUTMB INMDB OUTPB 28 INMSB NC I SP B OC M C C VC VC GN D GN D D4 D5 D6 19 Pin Functions PIN NAME TYPE NO. DESCRIPTION ANALOG I/O INPD, INMD 11, 12, 16, 17 Analog Input Differential inputs 100 Ω INPS, INMS 10, 13, 15, 18 Analog Input Single ended inputs 50 Ω OUTP, OUTM 35, 34, 30, 29 Analog Output Differential outputs, low impedance POWER GND 5, 6, 22, 23 Ground Ground pins. Connect to low-impedance ground plane. All pin voltages are specified with respect to the voltage on these pins. The exposed thermal pad is internally bonded to the ground pins. VCC 3, 4, 24, 25 Power Power supply pins. Valid power supply range is 4.75 V to 5.25 V. Thermal/ Ground Thermal management/ Ground Digital Input 0 = Parallel Mode, 1 = Serial Mode Exposed Center Pad DIGITAL INPUTS SPI 27 PARALLEL MODE DIGITAL PINS, SPI = LOGIC LOW D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 SD 14, 7, 8, 9, 21, 29, 19 Digital Input 1 Digital Input Attenuator control, D0 = 0.25 dB, D6 = 16 dB Shutdown 0 = amp on, 1 = amp off SERIAL MODE DIGITAL PINS, SPI = LOGIC HIGH (SPI COMPATIBLE) CS 9 Digital Input Chip Select (active low) CLK 8 Digital Input Clock SDO 14 Digital Output- Open Emitter Serial Data Output (Requires external bias.) SDI 7 Digital Input Serial Data In Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 3 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com 6 Specifications 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) Positive supply voltage (VCC) MIN MAX −0.6 5.5 V < 200 mV 5.5 V 5.5 V Differential voltage between any two grounds Analog input voltage −0.6 Digital input voltage −0.6 Output short circuit duration (one pin to ground) Infinite Junction temperature Soldering information: infrared or convection (30 sec) −65 Storage temperature, Tstg (1) (2) UNIT +150 °C 260 °C 150 °C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications. 6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE V(ESD) (1) (2) Electrostatic discharge Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±1000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 (2) ±250 UNIT V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Supply voltage (VCC) MIN MAX UNIT 4.75 5.25 V < 10 mV Differential voltage between any two grounds Analog input voltage, AC coupled Temperature range (1) (1) 0 VCC V –40 85 °C The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(MAX), θJA and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(MAX) – TA)/ θJA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly onto a PC Board. 6.4 Thermal Information LMH6882 THERMAL METRIC (1) NJK (WQFN) UNIT 36 PINS RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 33.6 RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 16.9 RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 7.8 ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 0.3 ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 7.7 RθJC(bot) Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance 3.5 (1) 4 °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 6.5 Electrical Characteristics The following specifications apply for single supply with VCC = 5 V, Maximum Gain (26 dB), RL = 200 Ω. (1) (2) (3) TEST CONDITIONS MIN (4) TYP (5) MAX (4) UNIT DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE 3dBBW −3-dB Bandwidth VOUT = 2 VPPD 2.4 NF Noise Figure Source Resistance (Rs) = 100 Ω 9.7 dB OIP3 Output Third Order Intercept Point (6) f = 100 MHz, POUT = 4 dBm per tone, tone spacing = 1 MHz 42 dBm f = 200 MHz, POUT = 4 dBm per tone, tone spacing = 2 MHz 40 OIP2 Output Second Order Intercept Point POUT= 4 dBm per Tone, f1 = 112.5 MHz, f2=187.5 MHz IMD3 Third Order Intermodulation Products GHz 76 dBm f = 100 MHz, VOUT = 4 dBm per tone, tone spacing = 1 MHz −76 dBc f = 200 MHz, POUT = 4 dBm per tone, tone spacing = 2 MHz −72 P1dB 1-dB Compression Point Output power 17 dBm HD2 Second Order Harmonic Distortion f = 200 MHz, VOUT = 4 dBm −70 dBc HD3 Third Order Harmonic Distortion f = 200 MHz, POUT = 4 dBm −76 dBc CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio Pin = −15 dBm, f = 100 MHz −40 dBc SR Slew Rate 6000 V/us (7) Output Voltage Noise Maximum Gain f > 1 MHz 47 nV/√Hz Input Referred Voltage Noise Maximum Gain f > 1 MHz 2.3 nV/√Hz 100 Ω ANALOG I/O RIN Input Resistance Differential, INPD to INMD RIN Input Resistance Single Ended, INPS or INMS, 50-Ω termination on unused input 50 VICM Input Common Mode Voltage Self Biased 2.5 Maximum Input Voltage Swing Volts peak to peak, differential Maximum Differential Output Voltage Differential, f < 10 MHz Swing ROUT Output Resistance Ω V 2 VPPD 6 VPPD Differential, f = 100 MHz 0.4 Parallel Inputs (INPD and INMD), Rs = 100 Ω 26 Ω GAIN PARAMETERS Maximum Voltage Gain Single ended input (INMS or INPS), 50 Ω Rs and 50 Ω termination on unused input. Minimum Gain Gain Code = 80d or 50h Gain Steps (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 6 dB 80 Gain Step Size (1) dB 26.6 0.25 Gain Step Error Any two adjacent steps over entire range ±0.125 Gain Step Phase Shift Any two adjacent steps over entire range ±3 dB dB Degrees Electrical Table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. No specification of parametric performance is indicated in the electrical tables under conditions different than those tested Negative input current implies current flowing out of the device. Drift determined by dividing the change in parameter at temperature extremes by the total temperature change. Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are specified through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm as determined at the time of characterization. Actual typical values may vary over time and will also depend on the application and configuration. The typical values are not tested and are not ensured on shipped production material. OIP3 is the third order intermodulation intercept point. In this data sheet OIP3 numbers are single power measurements where OIP3 = IMD3 / 2 + POUT (per tone). OIP2 is the second order intercept point where OIP2 = IMD2 + POUT (per tone). HD2 is the second order harmonic distortion and is a single tone measurement. HD3 is the third order harmonic distortion and is a single tone measurement. Power measurements are made at the amplifier output pins. CMRR is defined as the differential response at the output in response to a common mode signal at the input. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 5 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics (continued) The following specifications apply for single supply with VCC = 5 V, Maximum Gain (26 dB), RL = 200 Ω.(1)(2)(3) MIN (4) TEST CONDITIONS Channel to Channel Gain Matching MAX (4) UNIT 0.2 dB Channel to Channel Phase Matching f= 100 MHz, over entire gain range 1.5 Degrees Gain Step Switching Time 20 ns 15 ns Enable/ Disable Time f = 100 MHz, over entire gain range TYP (5) Settled to 90% level POWER REQUIREMENTS ICC Supply Current P Power ICC Disabled Supply Current 200 270 mA 1 W 25 mA V ALL DIGITAL INPUTS Logic Compatibility TTL, 2.5 V CMOS, 3.3 V CMOS, 5 V CMOS VIL Logic Input Low Voltage 0.4 VIH Logic Input High Voltage 2.0-5.0 V IIH Logic Input High Input Current −9 μA IIL Logic Input Low Input Current −47 μA PARALLEL MODE TIMING tGS Setup Time 3 ns tGH Hold Time 3 ns 50 MHz SERIAL MODE fCLK 6 SPI Clock Frequency 50% duty cycle, ATE tested @ 10 MHz Submit Documentation Feedback 10 Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 6.6 Typical Characteristics (Unless otherwise specified, the following conditions apply: TA = 25°C, VCC = 5 V, RL = 200 Ω, Maximum Gain, Differential Input.) (8) 35 50 45 25 20 40 OIP3 (dBm) VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 30 15 10 5 35 30 0 -5 -10 25 4dB Step -15 20 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (MHz) 10k 6 Figure 1. Frequency Response Over Gain Range Figure 2. OIP3 vs Voltage Gain OIP3, NOISE FIGURE (dBm, dB) 50 45 40 35 f = 100MHz Tone Spacing = 1 MHz 50 20 45 18 40 16 35 DRF = IIP3 - NF 14 30 12 25 10 20 8 15 6 10 OIP3 Noise Figure Dynamic Range Figure 5 30 0 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 OUTPUT POWER FOR EACH TONE (dBm) Figure 3. OIP3 vs Output Power 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 6 4 2 DYNAMIC RANGE FIGURE (dB) 1 OIP3 (dBm) f = 100 MHz POUT= 4dBm / Tone 0 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 4. Dynamic Range Figure vs Voltage Gain 50 50 f = 100 MHz POUT= 4dBm / Tone 45 OIP3 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 45 40 35 40 30 35 Voltage Gain 26 dB 16 dB 6 dB 25 20 0 30 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 5. OIP3 vs Frequency (8) Voltage Gain 26 dB 16 dB 6 dB 4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.50 Figure 6. OIP3 vs Supply Voltage LMH6881 devices have been used for some typical performance plots. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 7 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) 90 50 f = 100 MHz POUT= 4dBm 85 80 OIP2 (dBm) OIP3 (dBm) 45 40 35 75 70 65 60 Temperature - 40 °C 25 °C 85 °C 30 25 6 f1= 187.5 MHz f2= 112.5 MHz POUT= 4dBm / Tone 55 50 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 6 Figure 7. OIP3 vs Temperature 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 8. OIP2 vs Voltage Gain 27.0 100 26.5 98 MAXIMUM GAIN (dB) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 99 97 96 95 94 93 92 26.0 25.5 25.0 24.5 91 90 24.0 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 TEMPERATURE (°C) -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 9. Supply Current vs Temperature Figure 10. Maximum Gain vs Temperature -30 -30 Voltage Gain 26 dB 16 dB 6 dB -40 -50 HD3 (dBc) HD2 (dBc) Voltage Gain 26 dB -40 16 dB 6 dB -50 -60 -70 -60 -70 -80 -80 -90 -90 -100 -100 0 50 100 150 200 250 Frequency (MHz) 300 350 400 0 D001 Pout = 4 dBm 50 100 150 200 250 Frequency (MHz) 300 350 400 D002 Pout = 4 dBm Figure 11. HD2 vs Frequency 8 f = 100 MHz POUT= 4.5dBm Figure 12. HD3 vs Frequency Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Typical Characteristics (continued) -40 -20 HD2 -50 -40 -60 f = 100 MHz POUT = 4dBm -70 HD2 (dBc) HD2,HD3 (dBc) Voltage Gain 26 dB 21 dB 10 dB -30 HD3 -80 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -90 -100 -100 -110 6 8 -110 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 0 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 2 C001 Figure 13. HD2 & HD3 vs Voltage Gain 16 Figure 14. HD2 vs Output Power -10 20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 f = 100 MHz Voltage Gain = 26dB 15 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) Voltage Gain 26 dB 21 dB 10 dB -20 HD3 (dBc) 4 6 8 10 12 14 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 10 5 0 -100 -110 -5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 16 -25 Figure 15. HD3 vs Output Power 1.0 50 MHz 200 MHz 0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -0.2 50 MHz 200 MHz -3.0 6 0 Figure 16. Output Power vs Input Power PHASE ERROR (Degrees) AMPLITUDE ERROR (dB) 0.2 -20 -15 -10 -5 INPUT POWER (dBm) 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 17. Gain Step Amplitude Error 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 18. Gain Step Phase Error Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 9 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) 0.6 2 PHASE ERROR (Degrees) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -0.2 -4 -0.3 -5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 6 Figure 19. Cumulative Amplitude Error 13 12 NOISE FIGURE (dB) NOISE FIGURE (dB) 20 15 10 11 10 9 8 5 7 0 6 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 0 Figure 21. Noise Figure vs Voltage Gain 4 Enable Control Output Voltage 200 400 600 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1000 Figure 22. Noise Figure vs Frequency 5 4 16dB Gain Control Ouptut Voltage 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 -1 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 -1 0 -1 -2 -1 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 ENABLE CONTROL (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 14 25 10 8 Figure 20. Cumulative Phase Error 30 5 50 MHz 200 MHz -2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TIME (ns) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TIME (ns) Figure 23. Channel Enable Control Timing Behavior Figure 24. 16-dB Gain Control Timing Behavior Submit Documentation Feedback 16dB GAIN CONTROL (V) AMPLITUDE ERROR (dB) 3 50 MHz 200 MHz Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Typical Characteristics (continued) 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 COMMON MODE REJECTION (dBc) 0 4 8 dB Gain Control Output Voltage 8 dB GAIN CONTROL (V) -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 TIME (ns) Figure 25. 8-dB Gain Control Timing Behavior 50 40 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) 100 INPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) 1k Figure 26. Common Mode Rejection (Sdc21) vs Frequency 125 75 R X 50 Impedance = R + j X 25 0 -25 Impedance = R + j X R X 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -50 0 400 800 1200 1600 FREQUENCY (MHz) 2000 0 Figure 27. Differential Input Impedance 0 2.00 1.75 GAIN MATCHING (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 Gain Phase -100 10 Figure 29. Crosstalk 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.25 1.00 1.00 0.75 f = 100 MHz CHA - CHB 0.50 10k 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 100 1k FREQUENCY (MHz) 2000 1.50 0.25 -90 400 800 1200 1600 FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 28. Differential Output Impedance -10 -20 CROSSTALK (dBc) 10 100 FREQUENCY (MHz) PHASE MATCHING (Degrees) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 0.00 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 30. Channel A to Channel B Gain and Phase Matching Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 11 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) GAIN MATCHING (dB) OIP3 (dBm) 45 40 35 30 25 f = 100 MHz POUT= 4dBm / Tone 1.50 1.25 1.00 1.00 0.75 f = 100 MHz CHA - CHB 0.50 Figure 31. OIP3 Overvoltage Gain Range 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 1.75 1.25 0.00 6 2.00 1.50 0.25 20 12 Gain Phase 1.75 PHASE MATCHING (Degrees) 2.00 50 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 32. Channel A to Channel B Gain and Phase Matching Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 6.6.1 Single-Ended Input (Unless otherwise specified, the following conditions apply: TA = 25°C, VCC = 5 V, RL = 200Ω, Maximum Gain, Differential Input). -30 50 Volt Gain 26 dB 16 dB 6 dB -40 -50 HD2 (dBc) OIP3 (dBm) 45 40 -60 -70 -80 35 Single Ended Input f = 100 MHz, 1MHz Spacing POUT= 4dBm / Tone -90 0 50 100 150 200 250 Frequency (MHz) 30 6 350 400 D001 Pout = 4 dBm 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 34. HD2 vs Frequency Across Gain Settings Figure 33. OIP3 vs Voltage Gain -30 -30 Volt Gain 26 dB 16 dB 6 dB -40 HD2 HD3 -40 -50 HD2, HD3 (dBc) -50 HD3 (dBc) 300 -60 -70 -80 -60 -70 -80 -90 -90 -100 -100 -110 0 50 100 150 200 250 Frequency (MHz) 300 350 400 6 8 Pout = 4 dBm 12 f = 100 MHz Figure 35. HD3 vs Frequency Across Gain Settings 14 16 18 20 Voltage Gain (dB) 22 24 26 D003 Pout = 4 dBm Figure 36. HD2 & HD3 vs Voltage Gain 20 60 f = 100 MHz 50 INPUT IMPEDANCE ( ) 18 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 10 D002 16 14 12 10 30 Impedance = R + j X 20 10 0 8 -10 6 -20 6 R X 40 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 37. Noise Figure vs Voltage Gain 0 400 800 1200 1600 FREQUENCY (MHz) 2000 Figure 38. Input Impedance Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 13 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com 7 Detailed Description 7.1 Overview The LMH6882 has been designed to replace traditional, fixed-gain amplifiers, as well as variable-gain amplifiers, with an easy-to-use device which can be flexibly configured to many different gain settings while maintaining excellent performance over the entire gain range. Many systems can benefit from this programmable-gain, DCcapable, differential amplifier. Last minute design changes can be implemented immediately, and external resistors are not required to set the gain. Gain control is enabled with a parallel- or a serial-control interface and as a result, the amplifier can also serve as a digitally controlled variable-gain amplifier (DVGA) for automatic gain control applications. Figure 50 and Figure 53 show typical implementations of the amplifier. The LMH6882 is a fully differential amplifier optimized for signal path applications up to 1000 MHz. The LMH6882 has a 100-Ω input impedance and a low (less than 0.5 Ω) impedance output. The gain is digitally controlled over a 20 dB range from 26 dB to 6 dB. The LMH6882 is designed to replace fixed-gain differential amplifiers with a single, flexible-gain device. It has been designed to provide good noise figure and OIP3 over the entire gain range. This design feature is highlighted by the Dynamic Range Figure of merit (DRF). Traditional variable gain amplifiers generally have the best OIP3 and NF performance at maximum gain only. 7.2 Functional Block Diagram SD SPI Power Down A INPSA INPDA OUTPA AMP_In INMDA AMP_Out OUTMA ATTEN X2 INMSA OCMA Decode SPI SPI D0 - D6 Power Down A Power Down B Parallel Decode INMSB X2 ATTEN INMDB AMP_In OCMB OUTMB AMP_Out OUTPB INPDB INPSB Power Down B SPI SD 7.3 Feature Description The LMH6882 has three functional stages, a low-noise amplifier, followed by a digital attenuator, and a lowdistortion, low-impedance output amplifier. The amplifier has four signal input pins to accommodate both differential signals and single-ended signals. The amplifier has an OCM pin used to set the output common-mode voltage. There is a gain of 2 on this pin so that 1.25 V applied on that pin will place the output common mode at 2.5 V. 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Feature Description (continued) +5V 0.01 PF SOURCE LOAD VCC INMS 50: 49.9: OUT+ INMD VCM 2.5V AC VCM 2.5V LMH6882 INPD 100: OUT- 50: 49.9: INPS OCM 0.01 PF 1.25V Figure 39. Typical Implementation With a Differential Input Signal +5V 0.01 PF SOURCE LOAD 50: VIN 2.5V INMS VCC OUT+ INMD 49.9: AC VCM 2.5V LMH6882 INPD 100: OUT- INPS 49.9: 50: 0.01 PF OCM 0.01 PF 2.5V 1.25V Figure 40. Typical Implementation With a Single-Ended Input Signal 7.4 Device Functional Modes The LMH6882 will support two modes of control for its gain: a parallel mode and a serial mode (SPI compatible). Parallel mode is fastest and requires the most board space for logic line routing. Serial mode is compatible with existing SPI-compatible systems. The device has gain settings covering a range of 20 dB. In parallel mode, only 2-dB steps are available. The serial interface should be used for finer gain control of 0.25 dB for a gain between 6 dB and 26 dB of voltage gain. If fixed gain is desired, the digital pins can be strapped to ground or VCC, as required. The device also supports two modes of power down control to enable power savings when the amplifier is not being used: using the SD pin (when SPI pin = Logic 0) and the power-down register (when SPI pin = Logic 1). Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 15 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com 7.5 Programming 7.5.1 Digital Control of the Gain and Power-Down Pins The LMH6882 was designed to interface with 2.5-V to 5-V CMOS logic circuits. If operation with 5-V logic is required care should be taken to avoid signal transients exceeding the amplifier supply voltage. Long, unterminated digital signal traces should be avoided. Signal voltages on the logic pins that exceed the device power-supply voltage may trigger ESD protection circuits and cause unreliable operation. Some digital inputoutput pins have different functions depending on the digital control mode. Table 1 shows the mapping of the digital pins. These functions for each pin will be described in the sections Parallel Interface and SPI-Compatible Serial Interface. While the full gain range is available in parallel mode both channels must be set to the same gain. If independent channel control is desired, SPI mode must be used. Table 1. Pins With Dual Functions PIN SPI = 0 SPI = 1 7 D1 SDI 14 D0 SDO 8 D2 CLK 9 D3 CS (active low) (1) (1) Pin 14 requires external bias. See SPI-Compatible Serial Interface for details. 7.5.2 Parallel Interface Parallel mode offers the fastest gain update capability with the drawback of requiring the most board space dedicated to control lines. To place the LMH6882 into parallel mode the SPI pin (pin 27) is set to the logical zero state. Alternately, the SPI pin can be connected directly to ground. The SPI pin has a weak internal resistor to ground. If left unconnected, the amplifier will operate in parallel mode. In parallel mode the gain can be changed in 0.25-dB steps with a 7-bit gain control bus. The attenuator control pins are internally biased to logic high state with weak pull-up resistors, with the exception of D0 (pin 14) which is biased low due to the shared SDO function. If the control bus is left unconnected, the amplifier gain will be set to 6 dB. Table 2 shows the gain of the amplifier when controlled in parallel mode. The LMH6882 has a 7-bit gain control bus. Data from the gain control pins is immediately sent to the gain circuit (that is, gain is changed immediately). To minimize gain change glitches all gain pins should change at the same time. Gain glitches could result from timing skew between the gain set bits. This is especially the case when a small gain change requires a change in state of three or more gain control pins. If necessary the PDA could be put into a disabled state while the gain pins are reconfigured and then brought active when they have settled. Table 2. Gain Change Values for the Parallel-Gain Pins PIN NAME GAIN STEP SIZE (dB) 14 D0 0.25 7 D1 0.5 8 D2 1 9 D3 2 21 D4 4 20 D5 8 19 D6 16 Gain combinations that exceed 80 will result in minimum gain of 6 dB. 16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Table 3. Amplifier Gain for Selected Control Pin Combinations CONTROL PINS LOGICAL LEVEL IN PARALLEL MODE. (X = DON'T CARE) GAIN = 26 - 0.25 × DECIMAL VALUE AND GAIN ≥ 6 dB D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Decimal/ Hex Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1/1 25.75 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2/2 25.5 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3/3 25.25 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4/4 25 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5/5 24.75 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 6/5 24.5 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 7/7 24.25 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8/8 24 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 16 / 10 22 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 24 / 18 20 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 32 / 20 18 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 40 / 28 16 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 48 / 30 14 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 56 / 38 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 / 40 10 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 72 / 48 8 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 80 / 50 6 1 0 1 X X X X > 80 / 50 6 1 1 X X X X X > 80 / 50 6 Amplifier Voltage Gain (dB) For fixed-gain applications the attenuator control pins should be connected to the desired logic state instead of relying on the weak internal bias. Data from the gain-control pins directly drive the amplifier gain circuits. To minimize gain change glitches all gain pins should be driven with minimal skew. If gain-pin timing is uncertain, undesirable transients can be avoided by using the shutdown pin to disable the amplifier while the gain is changed. Gain glitches are most likely to occur when multiple bits change value for a small gain change, such as the gain change from 10 dB to 12 dB which requires changing all 4 gain control pins. A shutdown pin (SD == 0, amplifier on, SD == 1, amplifier off) is provided to reduce power consumption by disabling the highest power portions of the amplifier. The digital control circuit is not shut down and will preserve the last active gain setting during the disabled state. See the Typical Characteristics section for disable and enable timing information. The SD pin is functional in parallel mode only and disabled in serial mode. LMH6882 CONTROL LOGIC Shutdown SD 0.25 dB Step 0.5 dB Step D0 D1 1 dB Step D2 D3 2 dB Step 4 dB Step D4 8 dB Step D5 16 dB Step D6 Figure 41. Parallel Mode Connection Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 17 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com 7.5.3 SPI-Compatible Serial Interface The serial interface allows a great deal of flexibility in gain programming and reduced board complexity. The LMH6882 serial interface is a generic 4-wire synchronous interface compatible with SPI type interfaces that are used on many microcontrollers and DSP controllers. Using only 4 wires, the SPI mode offers access to the 0.25dB gain steps of the amplifier. For systems where gain is changed only infrequently, or where only slower gain changes are required, serial mode is the best choice. To place the LMH6882 into serial mode the SPI pin (Pin 27) should be put into the logic high state. Alternatively the SPI pin can be connected directly to the 5-V supply bus. In this configuration the pins function as shown in Table 2. The SPI interface uses the following signals: clock input (CLK); serial data in (SDI); serial data out (SDO); and serial chip select (CS). The chip-select pin is active low meaning the device is selected when the pin is low. The SD pin is inactive in the serial mode. This pin can be left disconnected for serial mode. The SPI interface has the ability to shutdown the amplifier without using the SD pin. The CLK pin is the serial clock pin. It is used to register the input data that is presented on the SDI pin on the rising edge and to source the output data on the SDO pin on the falling edge. The user may disable clock and hold it in the low state, as long as the clock pulse-width minimum specification is not violated when the clock is enabled or disabled. The clock pulse-width minimum is equal to one setup plus one hold time, or 6 ns. The CS pin is the chip-select pin. This pin is active low; the chip is selected in the logic low state. Each assertion starts a new register access - i.e., the SDATA field protocol is required. The user is required to de-assert this signal after the 16th clock. If the CS pin is de-asserted before the 16th clock, no address or data write will occur. The rising edge captures the address just shifted in and, in the case of a write operation, writes the addressed register. There is a minimum pulse-width requirement for the deasserted pulse - which is specified in the Electrical Characteristics section. The SDI pin is the input pin for the serial data. It must observe setup / hold requirements with respect to the SCLK. Values can be found in the Electrical Characteristics table (refer to electrical table of the DS). Each write cycle is 16-bit long. The SDO pin is the data output pin. This output is normally at a high-impedance state, and is driven only when CS is asserted. Upon CS assertion, contents of the register addressed during the first byte are shifted out with the second 8 SCLK falling edges. The SDO pin is a current output and requires external bias resistor to develop the correct logic voltage. See Figure 43 for details on sizing the external bias resistor. Resistor values of 180 Ω to 400 Ω are recommended. The SDO pin can source 10 mA in the logic high state. With a bias resistor of 250 Ω the logic 1 voltage would be 2.5 V. In the logic 0 state, the SDO output is off, and no current flows, so the bias resistor will pull the voltage to 0 V. Each serial interface access cycle is exactly 16 bits long as shown in Figure 42. Each signal's function is described below. the read timing is shown in Figure 44. The external bias resistor means that in the high impedance state the SDO pin impedance is equal to the external bias resistor value. If bussing multiple SPI devices make sure that the SDO pins of the other devices can drive the bias resistor. The serial interface has 6 registers with address [0] to address [6]. Table 4 shows the content of each SPI register. Registers 0 and 1 are read only. Registers 2 through 6 are read/write and control the gain and power of the amplifier. Register contents and functions are detailed below. Table 4. SPI Registers by Address and Function Address R/W Name Default Value Hex (Dec) 0 R Revision ID 1 (1) 1 R Product ID 21 (33) 2 R/W Power Control 0 (0) 3 R/W Attenuation A 50 (80) 4 R/W Attenuation B 50 (80) 5 R/W Channel Control 3 (3) 18 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Table 5. Serial Word Format for Register 2: Power Control 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 RES RES CHA1 CHB1 CHA2 CHB2 RES RES CHA1 and CHA2 = 0 for ON, CHA1 and CHA2 = 1 for OFF CHB1 and CHB2 = 0 for ON, CHB1 and CHB2 = 1 for OFF Table 6. Serial Word Format for Registers 3, 4: Gain Control 7 6 RES Gain = 26 — (register value * 0.25) valid range is 0 to 80 5 4 3 2 1 0 Table 7. Serial Word Format for Register 5: Channel Control 7 6 5 4 3 RES 2 1 1 SYNC Load A Load B The Channel Control register controls how registers 3 and 4 work. When the SYNC bit is set to 1 both channel A and channel B are set to the gain indicated in register 3. When the SYNC bit is set to zero, register 3 controls channel A, and register 4 controls channel B. When the Load A bit is zero data written to register 3 does not transfer to channel A. When the Load A bit is set to 1 the gain of channel A is set equal to the value indicated in register 3. The Load B bit works the same for channel B and register 4. 1 2 3 4 C7 C6 C5 C4 R/Wb 0 0 0 5 6 7 8 C3 C2 C1 C0 A3 A2 A1 A0 9 10 11 D7 D6 (MSB) D5 12 13 14 15 16 D2 D1 D0 (LSB) D2 D1 17 SCLK SCSb COMMAND FIELD SDI Reserved (3-bits) DATA FIELD D4 D3 Write DATA Address (4-bits) D7 D6 (MSB) D5 D4 D3 D0 (LSB) Hi-Z Read DATA SDO Data (8-bits) Single Access Cycle Figure 42. Serial Interface Protocol (SPI Compatible) Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 19 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com Control Logic LMH6882 CLK CS SDI Clock out Chip Select out Data Out (MOSI) Data In (MISO) SDO R 10 mA Typ For SDO (MISO) pin only: VOH = R x 0.010A, VOL = 0V Recommended: R = 250: to 400: Figure 43. Internal Operation of the SDO Pin R/Wb Read / Write bit. A value of 1 indicates a read operation, while a value of 0 indicates a write operation. Reserved Not used. Must be set to 0. ADDR: Address of register to be read or written. DATA In a write operation the value of this field will be written to the addressed register when the chipselect pin is deasserted. In a read operation this field is ignored. st 1 clock th th 8 clock 16 clock SCLK tCSH tCSS tCSH tCSS CSb tOZD SDO tODZ tOD D7 D1 D0 Figure 44. Read Timing 20 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 8 Application and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 8.1 Application Information 8.1.1 Input Characteristics The LMH6882 has internally terminated inputs. The INMD and INPD pins are intended to be the differential input pins and have an internal 100-Ω resistive termination. An example differential circuit is shown in Figure 39. When using the differential inputs, the single-ended inputs should be left disconnected. The INMS and INPS pins are intended for use as single-ended inputs and have been designed to support singleended termination of 50 Ω working as an active termination. For single-ended signals an external 50-Ω resistor is required as shown in Figure 40. When using the single-ended inputs, the differential inputs should be left disconnected. All of the input pins are self biased to 2.5 V. When using the LMH6882 for DC-coupled applications, it is possible to externally bias the input pins to voltages from 1.5 V to 3.5 V. Performance is best at the 2.5-V level specified. Performance will degrade slightly as the common mode shifts away from 2.5 V. The first stage of the LMH6882 is a low-noise amplifier that can accommodate a maximum input signal of 2 Vppd on the differential input pins and 1 Vpp on either of the single-ended pins. Signals larger than this will cause severe distortion. Although the inputs are protected against ESD, sustained electrical overstress will damage the part. Signal power over 13 dBm should not be applied to the amplifier differential inputs continuously. On the single-ended pins the power limit is 10 dBm for each pin. 8.1.2 Output Characteristics The LMH6882 has a low-impedance output very similar to a traditional Op-amp output. This means that a wide range of loads can be driven with good performance. Matching load impedance for proper termination of filters is as easy as inserting the proper value of resistor between the filter and the amplifier (See Figure 50 for example.) This flexibility makes system design and gain calculations very easy. By using a differential output stage the LMH6882 can achieve large voltage swings on a single 5-V supply. This is illustrated in Figure 45. This figure shows how a voltage swing of 4 Vppd is realized while only swinging 2 Vpp on each output. A 1-Vp signal on one branch corresponds to 2 Vpp on that branch and 4 Vppd when looking at both branches (positive and negative). 5.0 4.5 4VPPD 4.0 VOUT(V) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 2VPP 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 Out Plus Out Minus Differential Vout 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4 PHASE ANGLE (Radians) Figure 45. Differential Output Voltage Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 21 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com Application Information (continued) The LMH6882 has been designed for both AC-coupled and DC-coupled applications. To give more flexibility in DC-coupled applications, the common-mode voltage of the output pins is set by the OCM pin. The OCM pin needs to be driven from an external low-noise source. If the OCM pin is left floating, the output common-mode is undefined, and the amplifier will not operate properly. There is a DC gain of 2 between the OCM pin and the output pins so that the OCM voltage should be between 1 V and 1.5 V. This will set the output common mode voltage between 2 V and 3 V. Output common-mode voltages outside the recommended range will exhibit poor voltage swing and distortion performance. The amplifier will give optimum performance when the output common mode is set to half of the supply voltage (2.5 V or 1.25 V at the OCM pin). The ability of the LMH6882 to drive low-impedance loads while maintaining excellent OIP3 performance creates an opportunity to greatly increase power gain and drive low-impedance filters. This gives the system designer much needed flexibility in filter design. In many cases using a lower impedance filter will provide better component values for the filter. Another benefit of low-impedance filters is that they are less likely to be influenced by circuit board parasitic reactances such as pad capacitance or trace inductance. The output stage is a low-impedance voltage amplifier, so voltage gain is constant over different load conditions. Power gain will change based on load conditions. See Figure 46 for details on power gain with respect to different load conditions. The graph was prepared for the 26 dB voltage gain. Other gain settings will behave similarly. All measurements in this data sheet, unless specified otherwise, refer to voltage or power at the device output pins. For instance, in an OIP3 measurement the power out will be equal to the output voltage at the device pins squared, divided by the total load voltage. In back-terminated applications, power to the load would be 3 dB less. Common back-terminated applications include driving a matched filter or driving a transmission line. POWER GAIN AT LOAD (dB) 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 0 100 200 300 LOAD IMPEDANCE ( ) 400 Figure 46. Power Gain as a Function of the Load Printed circuit board (PCB) design is critical to high-frequency performance. In order to ensure output stability the load-matching resistors should be placed as close to the amplifier output pins as possible. This allows the matching resistors to mask the board parasitics from the amplifier output circuit. An example of this is shown in Figure 50. Also note that the low-pass filters in Figure 48 and Figure 49 use center-tapped capacitors. Having capacitors to ground provides a path for high-frequency, common-mode energy to dissipate. This is equally valuable for the ADC, so there are also capacitors to ground on the ADC side of the filter. The LMH6882EVAL evaluation board is available to serve a guide for system board layout. See also application note AN-2235 (SNOA869) for more details. 8.1.3 Interfacing to an ADC The LMH6882 is an excellent choice for driving high-speed ADCs such as the ADC12D1800RF, ADC12D1600RF or the ADS5400. The following sections will detail several elements of ADC system design, including noise filters, AC, and DC coupling options. 22 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Application Information (continued) 8.1.3.1 ADC Noise Filter When connecting a broadband amplifier to an analog to digital converter it is nearly always necessary to filter the signal before sampling it with the ADC. Figure 47 shows a schematic of a second order Butterworth filter and Table 8 shows component values for some common IF frequencies. These filters, shown in Table 8, offer a good compromise between bandwidth, noise rejection and cost. This filter topology is the same as is used on the ADC14V155KDRB High IF Receiver reference design board. This filter topology is adequate for reducing aliasing of broadband noise and will also provide rejection of harmonic distortion and many of the images that are commonly created by mixers. R1 AMP VOUT - L1 C1 L5 L2 AMP VOUT + ADC ZIN C2 R4 C3 R3 ADC VIN + ADC VIN - R2 ADC VCM Figure 47. Sample Filter Table 8. Filter Component Values (1) CENTER FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH R1, R2 L1, L2 C1, C2 C3 L5 R3, R4 75 MHz 40 MHz 90 Ω 390 nH 10 pF 22 pF 220 nH 100 Ω 150 MHz 60 MHz 90 Ω 370 nH 3 pF 19 pF 62 nH 100 Ω 180 MHz 75 MHz 90 Ω 300 nH 2.7 pF 15 pF 54 nH 100 Ω 250 MHz 100 MHz 90 Ω 225 nH 1.9 pF 11 pF 36 nH 100 Ω (1) Resistor values are approximate, but have been reduced due to the internal 10 Ω of output resistance per pin. 8.1.3.2 AC Coupling to an ADC AC coupling is an effective method for interfacing to an ADC for many communications systems. In many applications this will be the best choice. The LMH6882 evaluation board is configured for AC coupling as shipped from the factory. Coupling with capacitors is usually the most cost-effective method. Transformers can provide both AC coupling and impedance transformation as well as single-ended-to-differential conversion. One of the key benefits of AC coupling is that each stage of the system can be biased to the ideal DC operating point. Many systems operate with lower overall power dissipation when DC bias currents are eliminated between stages. 8.1.3.3 DC Coupling to an ADC The LMH6882 supports DC-coupled signals. In order to successfully implement a DC-coupled signal chain the common-mode voltage requirements of every stage need to be met. This requires careful planning, and in some cases there will be signal-level, gain or termination compromises required to meet the requirements of every part. Shown in Figure 48 and Figure 49 is a method using resistors to change the 2.5-V common mode of the amplifier output to a common mode compatible for the input of a low-input voltage ADC such as the ADC12D1800RF. This DC level shift is achieved while maintaining an AC impedance match with the filter in Figure 48 while in Figure 49 there is a small mismatch between the amplifier termination resistors and the ADC input. Because there is no universal ADC input common mode, and some ADC’s have impedance controlled input, each design will require a different resistor ratio. For high-speed data-conversion systems it is very important to keep the physical distance between the amplifier and the ADC electrically short. When connections between the amplifier and the ADC are electrically short, termination mismatches are not critical. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 23 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com LMH6882 50: INPS RIN = 50: ROUT N/C RT 75: LPF INPD 50: VCM = 2.5V N/C ADC VCM =1.5V 300: RL INMD 50: ROUT 75: RT x2 INMS OCM +1.25V 50: Parallel termination = 2* RT || RL = 150 || 300 = 100: VCM voltage divider = 2.5V * RT/(ROUT + RT) = 2.5 * 75/125 = 1.5 V +2.5V Figure 48. DC-Coupled ADC Driver Example 1, High Input Impedance ADC LMH6882 N/C INSP ROUT 100: RT OUTM INDP 100: OUTP INDM 100: N/C CM 100: RT +1.25V x2 ROUT INSM ADC V=1.25V V =2.5V 100: OCM Figure 49. DC-Coupled ADC Driver Example 2, ADC12D1800RF with Terminated Input 8.1.4 Figure of Merit: Dynamic Range Figure The dynamic range figure (DRF) as illustrated in Figure 4, is defined as the input third order intercept point (IIP3) minus the noise figure (NF). The combination of noise figure and linearity gives a good proxy for the total dynamic range of an amplifier. In some ways this figure is similar to the SFDR of an analog to digital converter. In contrast to an ADC, however, an amplifier will not have a full-scale input to use as a reference point. With amplifiers, there is no one point where signal amplitude hits “full scale”. Yet, there are real limitations to how large a signal the amplifier can handle. Normally, the distortion products produced by the amplifier will determine the upper limit to signal amplitude. The intermodulation intercept point is an imaginary point that gives a wellunderstood figure of merit for the maximum signal an amplifier can handle. For low-amplitude signals the noise figure gives a threshold of the lowest signal that the amplifier can reproduce. By combining the third-order input intercepts point and the noise figure the DRF gives a very good indication of the available dynamic range offered. 24 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Table 9. Compatible High-Speed Analog-to-Digital Converters PRODUCT NUMBER MAX SAMPLING RATE (MSPS) RESOLUTION CHANNELS ADC12D1800RF 1800 12 DUAL ADC12D1600RF 1600 12 DUAL ADC12D1000RF 1000 12 DUAL ADS5400 1000 12 SINGLE ADC12D1800 1800 12 DUAL ADC12D1600 1600 12 DUAL ADC12D1000 1000 12 DUAL ADC10D1000 1000 10 DUAL ADC10D1500 1500 10 DUAL ADC12C105 105 12 SINGLE ADC12C170 170 12 SINGLE ADC12V170 170 12 SINGLE ADC14C080 80 14 SINGLE ADC14C105 105 14 SINGLE ADC14DS105 105 14 DUAL ADC14155 155 14 SINGLE ADC14V155 155 14 SINGLE ADC16V130 130 16 SINGLE ADC16DV160 160 16 DUAL ADC08D500 500 8 DUAL ADC08500 500 8 SINGLE ADC08D1000 1000 8 DUAL ADC081000 1000 8 SINGLE ADC08D1500 1500 8 DUAL ADC081500 1500 8 SINGLE ADC08(B)3000 3000 8 SINGLE ADC08100 100 8 SINGLE ADCS9888 170 8 SINGLE ADC08(B)200 200 8 SINGLE ADC11C125 125 11 SINGLE ADC11C170 170 11 SINGLE Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 25 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com 8.2 Typical Applications 8.2.1 LMH6882 Typical Application +5V 100: FILTER 0.01 PF RF 49.9: 100: LMH6882 100: FILTER 2.5V ADS5400 49.9: 0.01 PF LO 7 OCM 1.25V GAIN 0-6 SD Figure 50. LMH6882 Typical Application 8.2.1.1 Design Requirements Figure 50 shows a design example for an IF amplifier in a typical direct-IF receiver application and LMH6881 meets these requirements. Table 10. Example Design Requirement for an IF Receiver Application SPECIFICATION EXAMPLE DESIGN REQUIREMENT Supply Voltage and Current 4.75V to 5.25V, with a minimum 150-mA supply current Input structure and Impedance DC coupled Single-ended or Differential with 100Ω input differential impedance Output control DC coupled with output common mode control capability RF input frequency range DC to 250MHz Voltage Gain Range 26dB to 6dB OIP3 in RF input frequency range for Pout = 4dBm/tone with RL = 200Ω > 38 dBm at 200MHz for Max Gain Noise Figure < 12dB at Max Gain across RF input frequency Attenuation Control Parallel control as well as SPI control 8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure The LMH6882 device can be included in most receiver applications by following these basic procedures: • Select an appropriate input drive circuitry to the LMH6882 by frequency planning the signal chain properly such that the down-converted input signal is within the input frequency specifications of the device. Identify whether dc-or ac-coupling is required or filtering is needed to optimize the system. Follow the guidelines mentioned in Input Characteristics for interfacing the LMH6882 inputs. • Choose the right speed grade ADC that meets the signal bandwidth application. Based upon the noise filtering and anti-aliasing requirement , determine the right order & type for the anti-aliasing filter. Follow the guidelines mentioned in Output Characteristics and Interfacing to an ADC when interfacing the device to an anti-aliasing filter. • Optimize the signal chain gain leading up to the ADC for best SNR and SFDR performance by employing the device in automatic gain control (AGC) loop using serial or parallel digital interface. • While interfacing the digital inputs, verify the electrical and functional compatibility of the LMH6882 digital input pins with the external micro-controller (µC). • Choose the appropriate power-supply architecture and supply bypass filtering devices to provide stable, low noise supplies as mentioned in the Power Supply Recommendations. 26 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 50 30 45 25 NOISE FIGURE (dB) OIP3 (dBm) 8.2.1.3 Application Curves 40 35 30 Voltage Gain 26 dB 16 dB 6 dB 25 20 0 20 15 10 5 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 FREQUENCY (MHz) 6 Figure 51. OIP3 vs Frequency 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) Figure 52. Noise Figure vs Voltage Gain 8.2.2 LMH6882 Used as Twisted Pair Cable Driver VCC : 0.01 PF 49.9: CAT5 100: : LMH6882 49.9: 0.01 PF 5 GAIN 0-3 Rx 100: 1.25V OCM SD Figure 53. LMH6882 Used as Twisted Pair Cable Driver 8.2.2.1 Design Requirements Table 11 shows a design example for LMH6882 used as cable driver for driving un-shielded twisted pair (UTP) CAT-5 cables. Table 11. Example Design Requirement for a Cable Driver SPECIFICATION EXAMPLE DESIGN REQUIREMENT Supply Voltage and Current 4.75 V to 5.25 V, with a minimum 150-mA supply current Input to Output Device Configuration Single-ended input to differential output Input frequency range 0.1 to 100 MHz Voltage Gain Range 26-dB to 6-dB gain range Output voltage swing 4 Vppdiff into a 200-Ω load at the output Cable length to be driven 300 to 400 feet 8.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure The LMH6882 device can be used as a cable driver to drive (UTP) CAT-5 cable by following these basic procedures: • Select an appropriate input buffer or drive circuitry to the LMH6882 that provides pre-equalization in the frequency range of interest that needs to be driven down the CAT-5 cable. The cable usually presents attenuation of the signal at the receive end which is proportional to the length of the cable and the frequency being transmitted. In some cases, use of the pre-equalization buffer is not possible which mandates the use of a post-equalizer at the receive end to gain up the received signal. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 27 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 • • • www.ti.com Determine the maximum output swing required to be transmitted in-order to receive the signal with good signal integrity. When driving long cable lengths, there is a possibility of corruption of differential signals due to common mode signals which requires the use of devices that offer good common mode rejection. Also, care must be taken to match the source impedance with the characteristic impedance of the CAT-5 cable to minimize signal reflections at higher frequencies. The LMH6882 offers low differential output resistance that makes source matching of driven cable very convenient. Verify the electrical and functional compatibility when interfacing LMH6882 digital input pins with the external micro-controller (µC). Also, use appropriate power-supply architecture and supply bypass filtering devices to provide stable, low noise supplies as mentioned in the Power Supply Recommendations. 8.2.2.3 Application Curves 0 15 COMMON MODE REJECTION (dBc) OUTPUT POWER (dBm) 20 f = 100 MHz Voltage Gain = 26dB 10 5 0 -5 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 INPUT POWER (dBm) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 1 0 Figure 54. Output Power vs Input Power 28 -10 10 100 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1k Figure 55. Common Mode Rejection (Sdc21) vs Frequency Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 9 Power Supply Recommendations The LMH6882 was designed to be operated on 5-V power supplies. The voltage range for VCC is 4.75 V to 5.25 V. Power supply accuracy of 5% or better is advised. When operated on a board with high-speed digital signals it is important to provide isolation between digital-signal noise and the analog input pins. The SP16160CH1RB reference board provides an example of good board layout. Each power supply pin should be decoupled with a low inductance, surface-mount ceramic capacitor of approximately 10 nF as close to the device as possible. When vias are used to connect the bypass capacitors to a ground plane the vias should be configured for minimal parasitic inductance. One method of reducing via inductance is to use multiple vias. For broadband systems two capacitors per supply pin are advised. To avoid undesirable signal transients the LMH6882 should not be powered on with large inputs signals present. Careful planning of system power-on sequencing is especially important to avoid damage to ADC inputs when an ADC is used in the application. 10 Layout 10.1 Layout Guidelines It is very important to employ good high-speed layout techniques when dealing with devices having relatively high gain bandwidth in excess of 1GHz to ensure stability and optimum performance. The LMH6882 evaluation board provides a good reference for suggested layout techniques. The LMH6882 evaluation board was designed for both good signal integrity and thermal dissipation using higher performance (Rogers) dielectric on the top layer. The high performance dielectric provides well matched impedance and low loss to frequencies beyond 1GHz. TI recommends that the LMH6882 board be multi-layered to improve thermal performance, grounding and power-supply decoupling. The LMH6882 evaluation board is an 8-layered board with the supply sandwiched inbetween the GND layers for decoupling and having the stack up as Top layer - GND - GND - GND - Supply GND - GND - Bottom layer. All signal paths are routed on the top layer on the higher performance (Rogers) dielectric, while the remainder signal layers are conventional FR4. 10.1.1 Uncontrolled Impedance Traces It is important to pay careful attention while routing high-frequency signal traces on the PCB to maintain signal integrity. A good board layout software package can simplify the trace thickness design to maintain controlled characteristic impedances for high-frequency signals. Eliminating copper (the ground and power plane) from underneath the input and output pins of the device also helps in minimizing parasitic capacitance affecting the high frequency signals near the PCB and package junctions. The LMH6882 evaluation board has copper keepout areas under both the input and the output traces for this purpose. It is recommended that the application board also follow these keep-out areas to avoid any performance degradation. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 29 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com 10.2 Layout Example Stitched GND vias across signal traces provide GND shielding Supply bypass Capacitor pads Rout pads closer to device output pins Signal trace line widths chosen based upon 50-? Ω characteristic impedance and Rogers RO4350 dielectric used on the top layer Figure 56. Top Layer 30 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 LMH6882 www.ti.com SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 Layout Example (continued) A GND layer cut out is beneath the signal traces to reduce reduce parasitic capacitance at the input and outptut pins Figure 57. GND Layer 10.3 Thermal Considerations The LMH6882 is packaged in a thermally enhanced package. The exposed pad on the bottom of the package is the primary means of removing heat from the package. It is recommended, but not necessary, that the exposed pad be connected to the supply ground plane. In any case, the thermal dissipation of the device is largely dependent on the attachment of the exposed pad to the system printed circuit board (PCB). The exposed pad should be attached to as much copper on the PCB as possible, preferably external layers of copper. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 31 LMH6882 SNOSC84D – AUGUST 2012 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2015 www.ti.com 11 Device and Documentation Support 11.1 Documentation Support 11.1.1 Related Documentation For related documentation see the following: AN-2235 Circuit Board Design for LMH6517/21/22 and Other High-Speed IF/RF Feedback Amplifiers, SNOA869 11.2 Trademarks SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. 11.4 Glossary SLYZ022 — TI Glossary. This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. 12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. 32 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2012–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMH6882 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 7-Nov-2014 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) LMH6882SQ/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN NJK 36 1000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 LMH6882 LMH6882SQE/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN NJK 36 250 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 LMH6882 LMH6882SQX/NOPB ACTIVE WQFN NJK 36 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 LMH6882 (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. (4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device. (5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device. (6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and Addendum-Page 1 Samples PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 7-Nov-2014 continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis. Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 7-Nov-2014 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing LMH6882SQ/NOPB WQFN NJK 36 LMH6882SQE/NOPB WQFN NJK LMH6882SQX/NOPB WQFN NJK SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 1000 330.0 16.4 6.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 36 250 178.0 16.4 6.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 36 2500 330.0 16.4 6.3 6.3 1.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 7-Nov-2014 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LMH6882SQ/NOPB WQFN NJK 36 1000 367.0 367.0 38.0 LMH6882SQE/NOPB WQFN NJK 36 250 213.0 191.0 55.0 LMH6882SQX/NOPB WQFN NJK 36 2500 367.0 367.0 38.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 MECHANICAL DATA NJK0036A SQA36A (Rev A) www.ti.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. 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